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Handbook On Microwaves BY Mobiserve O & M Department Lahore
Handbook On Microwaves BY Mobiserve O & M Department Lahore
BY
THIS MANUAL WOULD NEVER BEEN COMPILED WITHOUT SPECIAL INTEREST AND EFFORTS OF OUR
TECHNICAL SUPPORT MANAGER
Uses
•
The IEEE 802.16 specification was designed to operate between 2 to 11 GHz. The
commercial implementations are in the 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz ranges.
•
Wide Area Mobile Broadband Wireless Access - MBWA protocols based on standards
specifications such as ATIS/ANSI HC-SDMA (e.g. iBurst) are designed to operate
between 1.6 and 2.3 GHz to give mobility and in-building penetration
characteristics similar to mobile phones but with vastly greater spectral
efficiency. Cable TV and Internet access on coax cable as well as broadcast
television use some of the lower microwave frequencies. Some mobile phone networks,
like GSM, also use the lower microwave frequencies. Many semiconductor processing
techniques use microwaves to generate plasma for such purposes as reactive ion
etching and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Microwaves can be
used to transmit power over long distances, and post-World War II research was done
to examine possibilities. NASA worked in the 1970s and early 1980s to research the
possibilities of using Solar power satellite (SPS) systems with large solar arrays
that would beam power down to the Earth's surface via microwaves. A maser is a
device similar to a laser, except that it works at microwave frequencies.
Extremely low frequency Super low frequency Ultra low frequency Very low frequency
Low frequency Medium frequency High frequency Very high frequency
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
UHF
Super high SHF 10 frequency Extremely high EHF 11 frequency Super duper high SDHF
12 frequency
• •
The ELF, SLF, ULF, and VLF bands overlap the AF (audio frequency) spectrum, which
is approximately 20–20,000 Hz. However, sounds are transmitted by atmospheric
compression and expansion, and not by electromagnetic energy. The SHF and EHF bands
are often considered to be not part of the radio spectrum and form their own
microwave spectrum. Another note of merit is that all objects have their own radio
frequency, no matter how minute.
Amateur radio frequencies The range of allowed frequencies vary between countries.
These are just some of the more common bands. In the article about amateur radio is
another list. Band Frequency range 160 m 1.8 to 2.0 MHz 80 m 3.5 to 4.0 MHz 60 m
5.3 to 5.4 MHz 40 m 7 to 7.3 MHz 30 m 10.1 to 10.15 MHz 20 m 14 to 14.35 MHz 15 m
21 to 21.45 MHz 12 m 24.89 to 24.99 MHz 10 m 28.0 to 29.7 MHz 6 m 50 to 54 MHz 2 m
144 to 148 MHz 70 cm 430 to 440 MHz 23 cm 1240 to 1300 MHz
IEEE US
Band HF band Frequency range 3 to 30 MHz High Frequency Very High Frequency Ultra
High Frequency Frequencies from 216 to 450 MHz were sometimes UHF band 300 to 1000
MHz called P-band: Previous, since early British Radar used this band but later
switched to higher frequencies. L band S band C band X band Ku band K band Ka band
V band W band F band D band 1 to 2 GHz 2 to 4 GHz 4 to 8 GHz 8 to 12 GHz 12 to 18
GHz 18 to 26 GHz 26 to 40 GHz 40 to 75 GHz 75 to 111 GHz 90 to 140 GHz 110 to 170
GHz W follows V in the alphabet Long wave Short wave Compromise between S and X
Used in WW II for fire control, X for cross (as in crosshair) Kurz-under German
Kurz (short) Kurz-above Origin of name
The above table reflects Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) usage. The term P
band is sometimes used for Ku Band.
Radio spectrum
ELF SLF 3 Hz 30 Hz 30 Hz
ULF
VLF
HF 3 MHz 30 MHz
UHF
SHF
EHF
300 3 kHz Hz
• • •
Always perform loop break test on the site. If there is huge difference of RSL
value between two ends then they can be an issue of interference. To check
interference switch off the IDU from far end and check the RSL from near end. Then
switch off the IDU from near end, go to the far end and check the RSL value. If the
value is greater than –85 dbm then it is confirmed that there is interference.
Normally when you switch off the IDU, on the far end you will get RSL lower than –
94 dbm. If there is interference you have to change the frequency plan confirming
from Mobilink. After changing the frequency if the problem persist then you have to
change the band of the ODU. If your RSL is lower than –60 dbm then convert the
transmitting power from ATPC to MTPC and remove all the attenuation. This can help
in improving the RSL. If by removing the attenuation your RSL didn’t improve and
there is no interference then your dishes are realigned. You need to made alignment
of the dishes. Loose connectors may cause ber alarm. So check your connectors
incase of ber.
MOST COMMON ALARMS OF MICROWAVES
STRATEX (XP4)
Pictures of IDU and ODU of Startex is as under: Indoor unit
Outdoor Unit
Software:-Link View Card Used:-MMI/ELTEC Password:- 1234 Software Preview
1. It is user friendly software. 2. When we logon to “Link View”, the “local” main
page shows the RSL level and BER (Bit Error Rate) of local and remote ends. 3. It
also shows the Tx and Rx frequencies of local and remote ends and the Tx power of
both ends. 4. We can change the Tx and Rx frequencies and also the Tx power after
logging into the software by entering the password. 5. In the alarm menu, it is
showing different alarms 6. In the tributary section, we can enable or disable any
channel of the link. 7. In the protection menu, we can set “Auto Mode” or “Manual
Mode” for the link. 8. RSL = -40 ……….. (It is the ideal one) 9. If RSL is not good
then there might be receive problem in the ODU so we should change ODU or there may
be problem in the transmitter of the far-end then we should increase the power. If,
If, RSL = -70 dbm (RSL link failure) RSL = -80 dbm or more less (Site Down)
Difference between Startex and dart is just the cable and capacity. In dart RJ 45
connector is used and it has capacity of only one E1. BER (Bit Error Rate) BER is
related to IDU of Microwave link. It shows that how much data, we are receiving. If
BER = 1*10-5 = 1*10-3 Hi BER = 10E-3 (BER Alarm) (Site Down)
Low BER = 10 E-6 Range of BER BER = 10E-7 10E-6 < BER (Ideal value)
If BER is high there may be two possibilities, 1. There may be problem in the
Multiplier of IDU, so by changing the IDU, we can solve the problem. 2. If there is
some interference, then BER can be high. In this case change the tributaries. It is
recommended that the tributaries that are not in use should be made invented;
otherwise IDU alarm will be there. TROUBLESHOOTING OF THE LINK
Condition No DC power to IDU Normal Operation Cable Short or open circuit Minor
link fade: RSL is below RSL alarm threshold Major link fade: RSL is below RSL alarm
threshold BER early warning threshold has been exceeded Total link loss: RSL is
below RSL alarm threshold. Received BER exceeds BER alarm threshold. Frame
synchronization not OK Tributary input LOS Local radio transmitter muted Link ID
code mismatch ODU output failure IDU transmit failure Capacity mismatch Loop back
On-Line IDU ODU CBL Off G R Off G R Off G R Off G R REM Off G R Corrective Action
Restore power to IDU Check cable connection IDU- ODU
G/R
Check LOS, alignment, remote transmitter output power, G/R or G interference from
any other link. Check LOS, alignment, remote transmitter output power, interference
from any other link. Check the radio frequency of both R ends. Configure new
tributary. Check existing tributary connections. G R Unmute transmitter G/R or G
Make the link ID same R Replace ODU R Replace IDU Set both end radio capacity the R
same G Release loop back
R G G G G G R G/R
G G G G G G G G
Outdoor Unit
Software : PNMT Cable Used: NEC Login: admin When we logon to PNMT software, first
of all we see the following parameters,
Options available in PNMT
Equipment Configuration
Outdoor unit
Software : LMT Cable Used: SP
When we logon to LMT, the main page of “Link Status” is showing the following
parameters. 1. Tx & Rx frequencies of near and far ends. 2. Link ID 3. Master A, B
is showing that it is in Auto mode or it can be set to select ‘A’ or ‘B’. 4.
Capacity of the link. Protection Settings:It is used to rename the link and also to
make “Master” or “Slave” out of the two links (in which one is in stand by).
Configure Radios:-
It has the following settings. 1. Link ID. 2. Tx, Rx frequencies of near and far
ends and also the site name. 3. Different freq channels can be selected and it can
be applied by sending it to radios. 4. It is also showing the near and far end
relay status. 5. In the tributaries section, we can enable or disable the
tributaries. The disable ones can’t carry frequencies. 6. In “Protection Settings”
we can set the Auto Mode or we can make any one Master or Slave. 7. In “others”
Section, BER threshold value can be checked. Above the Hi BER value, the site will
go down. 8. We can set the attenuation level to any desired value or we can get
maximum power by setting the attenuation level to ODB. Get a New Configuration:We
can configure a new link, we can set the desired channel frequency. Faults &
Reports:After clicking on “Faults and Performance Management”, click on RSSI, this
is showing RSL (Radio Signaling Link) level. It is also showing the active faults
with date and things (showing the history of faults). Loop Back Test:It is used to
check the IF cable and transmission and reception of IDU & ODU. In custom
frequencies, different freq channels are available.
LMT Software Guide Line:
Completing the Link Tab Dialog Box
Use the Link tab dialog box shown below to set or change some link-related
parameters including Link ID, channel plan, and reference low band channel, and
some radio-specific parameters including the site and radio names for each end of
the link.
More About Link Parameters You Can Set or Change Here is more about the parameters
you can set or change in the Link tab dialog box. Use this field … To select or
enter this data … Link ID A code used to ensure that a radio transmitter only locks
onto the corresponding receiver at the far end of the link. The Link ID must be the
same for both ends of the link. Valid link IDs range from 1 through 255. Channel
Plan The channel plan or sub-band the radios operate within. Field contents consist
of channel plan name, frequency band, T/R spacing, and bit rate. Radios are
licensed to operate within a certain frequency band. Each frequency band is
organized into specific sub-bands (called channel plans). Each channel plan
encompasses a specific frequency range. The Transceiver ID and Personality Card of
a radio determine which channel plans are available to that radio. Low Band Channel
Within the selected channel plan, the specific low band channel you want the LMT to
use to configure the link. Once you select the low band channel, the LMT sets the
high band channel for you automatically. Site Name An optional descriptor used to
specify the physical location of a radio terminal. Radio Name An optional
descriptor used to identify a specific radio terminal.
To Set or Change Link Parameters From the Link tab dialog box: 1. Type an integer
from 1 to 255 in the Link ID field. 2. Click the down arrow next to the Channel
Plan selection field to list the channel plans available for the frequency band in
which these specific radios operate. Then click the desired channel plan. Your
selection is inserted automatically in the Channel Plan field. 3. Click the down
arrow next to the Low Band Channel selection field to list available low band
channels for the channel plan you selected in step 2. Then click the desired
channel. Once again, your selection is inserted automatically in the Low Band
Channel selection field. High Band and Low Band TX and RX fields are recalculated
and updated automatically by the LMT. Perform steps 1 through 3 for the other radio
terminal in the link. About Available Fault Condition and Event Settings BER Fault
The set BER alarm threshold has been exceeded. A bit error condition exists. The
problem can be on either the near end or far end radio. Bit error rate measures the
amount of bits in error per a fixed amount of bits transmitted/received. An
excessive bit error rate can be caused by factors such as heavy rain fading,
obstacles in the transmission path, problems with the antenna feed or wave guide,
or problems in the IDU or ODU electronics on both sides.
Cable Fault The cables between the IDU and ODU are disconnected, damaged, shorted,
or improperly terminated. Deframe Fault A problem in the ODU makes it unable to
decode the data being transmitted over the link. IDU Fault The IDU detects a
failure in either the transmit or receive circuits. The IDU Fault is a summed fault
that monitors several hardware points. An IDU Fault may also result from the
absence or distortion of ODU input to the IDU electronics. In this case, the IDU
Fault is accompanied by a BER Fault, indicating a problem with the receive signal.
Input Fault Expected traffic is not detected. Major Fault A “catastrophic” fault
condition occurs in a radio terminal that results in a loss of traffic across the
link. (On a protected radio terminal, the backup circuitry would be placed in
service automatically at this point. If the backup circuits can correct the
problem, the fault condition is reported as a Minor Fault.)
Minor Fault A “guarded” fault condition has occurred in a radio terminal. A Minor
Fault condition may or may not be associated with loss of traffic or downtime (loss
of tributary input is reported as a minor fault although loss of traffic does
occur). Some other examples of minor faults are the IDU Fan Fault and the ODU
Temperature Fault. ODU Fault A failure occurs in the Local Oscillator (Synthesizer)
or other component of the ODU, indicating something is wrong with the transmittal
or receipt of data. Any fault condition is detected at the far end of the link.
Any general receiver fault condition is encountered. For example, when a cable
fault or a loss of frame alignment has been detected.
Setting and Changing Radio Configurations Tx Fault Any general transmitter fault
condition is encountered. For example, the Link ID does not match on each end of
the link, or a loss of DC power has occurred, or the ODU oscillator current is out
of range. This setting signifies that the relay is not in use.
Unused
Radio Faults An Aid to Understanding Radio Fault Alerts For informational purposes,
fault alerts are assigned one of four type codes: Code Type Faults Alerts E An
external fault point becomes active. F A malfunction occurs in the equipment at
either the near end or far end radio terminal, or in the transmission path between
the two radios. R A radio relay becomes active. S An informational message is
generated concerning current radio or link status.
Fault Descriptions Faults are described in alphabetical sequence in the table
below. Where applicable, suggested solutions for fault resolution are also
provided. S/N Fault Diagnostic 1 Active External 2 Fault Type S E Causes No No
Impact YES No Symptom Or Causes A loopback test is in progress. The fault clears
when you stop the test. The corresponding external fault status/condition is
active. Conditional Designates that faults are active at the far end of the link.
May be caused by telemetry problems between the near end and far end radios. To
help pinpoint the source of the problem: • Press the DISPLAY FAR END button to
display the faults and status at the far end radio.• Also check the LMT Faults
report for any associated fault alerts (configuration mismatch, high BER condition,
etc.). • If necessary, go to the far end radio, connect the LMT, and check the
Faults report for indicated faults. As necessary, make hardware replacements (near
end or far end IDU, ODU, or RF Assembly Complete). A violation has occurred in the
bipolar framing of incoming traffic (the presence of two consecutive “one” bits of
the same polarity is detected on the T carrier line). Either: 1. The coax cable
between the IDU and ODU is shorted or open: • Check cable connections. Repair
Faulty connection; or • Check cable connectors. Remove and replace faulty
connector; or • Check connectors on the IDU and ODU for foreign objects or other
debris. Clean as necessary.2. The 300 baud link between the ODU and the IDU is
malfunctioning (a corollary ODU 'A'/'B' Link Fault also occurs): • If the radio is
configured for non- Protected operation, replace the ODU. • If the radio is
configured for protected operation, replace the faulty RF Assembly Complete. •
Otherwise, on a 1U system replace the IDU. On a 4U system replace the IDU PIU.
Configuration parameters do not match on both IDUs in a protected pair. Use the LMT
to review and adjust corresponding radio configuration parameters. The fan or fan
circuit has failed: • On a 1U system, replace the IDU. • On a 4U system, replace
the fan unit PIU. The protection cable between the A side and B side IDUs is
disconnected: • Check the protection cable. • Check for power to both radios in the
protected pair.
No
Conditional
No
No
5 6 7 8
IDU Cable Fault IDU Configurati on Fault IDU Fan Fault IDU Protected Serial Link
F F F F
YES No No No
YES No No No
Fault IDU 'A'/'B' Receiver Deframe 9 Fault IDU 'A'/'B' 10 Reset Fault IDU 'A'/'B'
Silent Transmitter Failure 11 Fault
F F
YES YES
YES YES
YES
YES
No
No
No
No
Minor 14 Fault
No
No
No
No
YES
YES
The near end receiver loses frame synchronization with the transmitter at the far
end of the link. The microprocessor in the IDU has restarted. This occurs when: •
Power has been switched on; or • The microprocessor has rebooted. The near end
transmitter switches after both receivers at the far end fail to receive signal
transmission from the near end. This fault condition is generally the result of a
faulty near end transmitter, a bad antenna, or the presence of path obstructions in
the link. The temperature inside the IDU exceeds 94 degrees Celsius. Possible
causes are: • High environmental (external) temperatures • Electronic burn
occurring inside the radio near the sensor • Analog-to-digital converter failure •
Power fluctuations If the condition does not clear itself, replace the IDU. A
traffic-affecting fault has occurred (one of over 30 fault conditions are sensed by
the microprocessor in the IDU). Check the IDU front panel and the LMT Faults report
for associated fault conditions. A non-traffic affecting fault has occurred, such
as an IDU 'A'/'B' Fan Fault, an ODU 'A'/'B' Temperature Fault, or a Receiver
‘A’/’B’ Low BER Fault. Check the IDU front panel and the LMT Faults report for
associated fault conditions. Either: 1. The bit rate of the Personality Module on
the RF Assembly Complete does not match the bit rate of the IDU (flashing red ODU
LED): • Verify that the bit rate of the Personality Module matches the bit rate of
the IDU or IDU PIU; or • Replace the Personality Module with the correct bit rate
Personality Module; or • Replace the IDU with the correct bit rate IDU. 2. A
mismatch exists between the near end and far end configurations. Modify the IDU
configuration to match the far end radio. 3. A mismatch exists between the IDU and
ODU hardware or software configurations. Correct the situation. 4. Possible loose
ribbon cable in ODU. The transmitted RF is operating outside of specifications.
Return the ODU to DMC for needed adjustments. This fault condition can occur when
the bit rate of the ODU has been changed.
17
18
19
20
21
ODU 'A'/'B' Link Fault ODU 'A'/'B' Power Amplifier Fault ODU 'A'/'B' Power Supply
Fault ODU 'A'/'B' Receiver Synthesizer Fault ODU 'A'/'B' Reference Synthesizer
Fault
YES
YES
A communication problem has occurred between the IDU and ODU: • Check the cable
connection between the IDU and ODU. • Recycle power on the IDU. A malfunction has
occurred in the ODU power amplifier. Depending on radio architecture, different
components will need to be replaced. The ODU has a faulty CPU/Power Supply module:
• If radio is configured for non-protected operation, replace the ODU. • If radio
is configured for protected operation, replace faulty RF Assembly Complete. The
Gunn diode oscillator in the receiver is out of lock. Replace the ODU. The
reference synthesizer is operating outside of specification. The ODU will attempt
to re-initialize the synthesizer. If the fault condition does not clear, replace
the reference synthesizer. The temperature inside the ODU exceeds 86 degrees
Celsius. Possible causes include: • High environmental (external) temperatures •
Electronic burn occurring inside the radio near the sensor • Loose ribbon cable
inside the ODU • Analogto-digital converter failure • Power fluctuations If the
condition does not clear itself, replace the ODU. The Gunn diode oscillator in the
transmitter is out of lock. Replace the ODU. The high bit error rate (BER)
threshold set during radio configuration has been exceeded. The low bit error rate
(BER) threshold set during radio configuration has been exceeded. In a protected
configuration, either the A side or B side receiver is currently online. This is an
informational message displayed in the LMT Link Status window.
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
F
YES
YES
22
23 24 25 26
27
ODU 'A'/'B' Temperatur e Fault ODU 'A'/'B' Transmitter Synthesizer Fault Receiver
'A'/'B' High BER Fault Receiver 'A'/'B' Low BER Fault Receiver 'A'/'B' Online
Receiver 'A'/'B' Summary Fault
No
No
F F F S
YES YES No No
S S
No No
No No
Receiver 28 Automatic
S R
No No
No No
F S
YES No
YES No
S S S
No No No
No No No
No
YES
No
No
Indoor Unit
CONDITION IDU Normal Operation Local IDU Failure Ber Greater than 10-6 Local IDU
Loopback G R F/R F/R
CORRECTIVE ACTION
F/R G
G R
G G
G F/Y
G G
F/R F/R
G G,R
Y F/Y
Configuration Mismatch
F/R
F/Y
Remote Alarm
Y, F/Y
Loss of channel
F/R
F/Y
None Replace IDU Check AGC key # 4 and BER key # 7 Check loop back, key # 6 turn
IDU loop back OFF Check alarm key # 5. For external input alarm> Check link manager
to see which input is causing alarm replace ODU check mute key # 9 to verify that
transmitter is ON. Verify TX power key # 2 is set properly. Check cable b/w IDU &
ODU Check Alarms, ALRM key (#5,) for a configuration alarm. Check configuration of
both local and remote radios to verify the two are configured the same. Check the
remote radio remote radio can be accessed by key # 0 to verify which alarm is
active. Check configuration of the remote radio to verify that all loop backs are
off. Check AGC key # 4. Check if cable alarm are present key # 5 for additional
alarms.
Cable Short or Open
F/R
OFF
F/Y
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
NA
NA
NA
NA
F/R
F/Y
Orderwire levels are low Data will not pass through service channel port
Check alarm at key # 5 and verify that cable is connected to IDU and ODU Verify IDU
power toggle is switch in position.Ispect IDU power plug is properly seated and
connected. Check all fuses Check LCD contrast setting. Check Configuration/Radio
window of Link Manager and click on “Keypad” icon. Verify if the password is
disabled. If enabled, then the password must be used to access the IDU keypad.
Check Mute,(#9), to verify TX is ON. Check Channel, (#1), to verify local and
remote radios are set to the same channel. Check ID, (#3), to verify local and
remote radios are set to the same ID number. Check AGC, (#4), to verify RSL level
is within calculated tolerance. Check Loopback, (#6), to verify all loopbacks are
OFF. Verify ODU bands are compatible. Check volume, (#8), for level. Check
orderwire bridge East/West, In/Out, MENU key (#0), for level adjustments.
Low receive signal level Cannot pass data through the tributary
F/R OR G
F/R
Check wiring of connectors. Verify remote end TX Power, (#2), set to link Budget
Calculations. Verify antenna properly aligned. Verify normal weather conditions.
Check BER (#7) for error free performance. Check if the proper bit rate has been
selected. Check if Line (1,2,3,4) is in loopback.
Alarm list of PCOM for the 1+1 Systems:
IDU "A" PSS IDU "B"
LED Status LED Status LED Status PWR IDU ODU CBL RMT IDU A IDU B PWR IDU ODU CBL
RMT G Y G G G G G G G G G G Y G G G G G G G
Condition
Corrective Action
Normal operation A G terminal None Normal operation B G terminal None After switch
occurs the IDU Normal operation A LED will flash red, perform terminal after switch
a clear inhibit command to clear the flashing LED G A-B After switch occurs the IDU
Normal operation B LED will flash red, perform terminal after switch a clear
inhibit command to clear the flashing LED G B-A A number of reasons can cause high
bit error rate. 1. Signal attenuation due to heavy rain. 2. Interference from other
RF sources such as radio transmitters. 3. Improper antenna alignment. 4.
Obstructions in the Signal path. 5. Fault A terminal exceeds in the local or remote
IDU or ODU. G ber threshold B terminal exceeds Y ber threshold As shown for A
terminal
F/R
F/R
G
Y G
F/R G
G G
G G
Y G
G -
G Y
G G
F/R G
Y G Y G Y G
G X G R F/R
R G X G G G
G G G
G G G G -
G R G X G G
G F/Y G F/Y G
F/R G R X
F/R G X R
Determine if the IDU/ODU cable is open or shorted by means of a Volt Ohm Meter.
Turn off the IDU power. Disconnect the Cable at the IDU and ODU. Use the Volt Ohm
Meter and measure for a short by connecting the probe to the center conductor and
the connector body. If a short is indicated, check the connectors on each end of
the cable for proper assembly. To check for an open cable, place a jumper between
the center conductor and the connector body at the opposite end of the cable. Using
the Volt Ohm Meter check that the center conductor and the connector body are
shorted. If not, check for Open / Short cable A proper assembly of the connectors.
terminal Open / Short cable B As shown for open / short terminal cable A terminal A
solid red LED IDU alarm indicates and internal alarm IDU A alarm local A solid red
LED IDU alarm IDU B alarm local indicates and internal alarm A solid red LED ODU
alarm ODU A alarm local indicates and internal alarm A solid red LED ODU alarm
indicates and internal alarm
Outdoor Unit
Software: Nectas Cable: back to back User name: USER Password: USER Installing the
software procedure: 1- NECTAS 2- RTP 3- LUX
Above picture is the preview of the software for alcatel. Common alarms on alcatel
IDU are:
List of application that can be accessed from the software nectas is as under:
When you click the blue rectangle the main screen is displayed:
Accessing Secondary NE Screens:
Replacing ODU
Outdoor unit
Software: Cable: Password: