Tutorial8 PDF

Engineering Mathematics II (2M03)
Tutorial 8
Marina Chugunova
Department of Math. & Stat., office: HH403
e-mail: chugunom@math.mcmaster.ca
office hours: Math Help Centre, Thursday 1:30 - 3:30
November 1-2, 2007

The Laplace Transform (4.3 Translation Theorems)
Problem (4.3: 40)
Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.
Solution:
2
Problem (4.3: 40)
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a
3
Problem (4.3: 40)
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a
Translation theorem:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
4
Problem (4.3: 40)
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1
5
Problem (4.3: 40)
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1
F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)} = e−sL{(3(t + 1) + 1)} = e−sL{(3t + 4)}
6
Problem (4.3: 40)
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1
F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)} = e−sL{(3(t + 1) + 1)} = e−sL{(3t + 4)}
1
−s −s 1
F (s) = 3e 2 + 4e
s s
7
Problem (4.3: 60)
Find the Laplace transform of the function:

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:
8
Problem (4.3: 60)

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a 1, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) = 1 − U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a 0, t ≥ a
9
Problem (4.3: 60)

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a 1, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) = 1 − U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a 0, t ≥ a
f (t) = sin t(1 − U(t − 2π)) = sin t − sin t U(t − 2π)
10
Problem (4.3: 60)

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a 1, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) = 1 − U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a 0, t ≥ a
1 −2πs
F (s) = L{f (t)} = 2
− e L{sin(t + 2π)}
s +1
11
Problem (4.3: 60)

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a 1, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) = 1 − U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a 0, t ≥ a
1 −2πs
F (s) = L{f (t)} = 2
− e L{sin(t + 2π)}
s +1
1 −2πs 1 −2πs 1
F (s) = L{f (t)} = − e L{sin t} = − e
s2 + 1 s2 + 1 s2 + 1
12
Problem (4.3: 60)

sin t, 0 ≤ t < 2π
f (t) =
0, t ≥ 2π
Solution:

0, 0 ≤ t < a 1, 0 ≤ t < a
U(t − a) = 1 − U(t − a) =
1, t ≥ a 0, t ≥ a
1 −2πs
F (s) = L{f (t)} = 2
− e L{sin(t + 2π)}
s +1
1 −2πs 1 −2πs 1
F (s) = L{f (t)} = 2 −e L{sin t} = 2 −e
s +1 s +1 s2 + 1
1
F (s) = 2 (1 − e−2πs)
s +1
13
Problem (4.3: 66)

Use the Laplace transform Y (s) to solve the initial value problem

00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y (0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
14
Problem (4.3: 66)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y (0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
1 1 e−s
f (t) = 1 − U(t − 1), L{f (t)} = − L{U(t − 1)} = −
s s s
15
Problem (4.3: 66)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y (0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
1 1 e−s
f (t) = 1 − U(t − 1), L{f (t)} = − L{U(t − 1)} = −
s s s
1 1
s2Y (s) + 1 + 4Y (s) = (1 − e−s), Y (s)[s2 + 4] = (1 − e−s) − 1
s s
16
Problem (4.3: 66)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y (0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
1 1 e−s
f (t) = 1 − U(t − 1), L{f (t)} = − L{U(t − 1)} = −
s s s
1 1
s2Y (s) + 1 + 4Y (s) = (1 − e−s), Y (s)[s2 + 4] = (1 − e−s) − 1
s s
1 e−s 1
Y (s) = − −
s(s2 + 4) s(s2 + 4) s2 + 4
17
Problem (4.3: 66)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y (0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
1 1 e−s
f (t) = 1 − U(t − 1), L{f (t)} = − L{U(t − 1)} = −
s s s
1 1
s2Y (s) + 1 + 4Y (s) = (1 − e−s), Y (s)[s2 + 4] = (1 − e−s) − 1
s s
1 e−s 1
Y (s) = − −
s(s2 + 4) s(s2 + 4) s2 + 4
1 s e−s e−ss 2
Y (s) = 1/4 − 1/4 2 − 1/4 + 1/4 2 − 1/2 2
s s +4 s s +4 s +4
18
Problem (4.3: 66)


1, 0 ≤ t < 1
y 00 + 4y = f (t), y(0) = 0, y 0(0) = −1, f (t) =
0, t ≥ 1
Solution:
1 1 e−s
f (t) = 1 − U(t − 1), L{f (t)} = − L{U(t − 1)} = −
s s s
1 1
s2Y (s) + 1 + 4Y (s) = (1 − e−s), Y (s)[s2 + 4] = (1 − e−s) − 1
s s
1 e−s 1
Y (s) = − −
s(s2 + 4) s(s2 + 4) s2 + 4
1 s e−s e−ss 2
Y (s) = 1/4 − 1/4 2 − 1/4 + 1/4 2 − 1/2 2
s s +4 s s +4 s +4
y(t) = 1/4 − 1/4 cos(2t) − 1/2 sin(2t) − 1/4U(t − 1) + 1/4 cos(2(t − 1))U(t − 1)
19
The Laplace Transform (4.4 Additional Operational Properties )
Problem (4.4: 6)
Find the Laplace transform F (s) of f (t) = t2 cos t.
Solution:
20
Problem (4.4: 6)
Solution:
Derivatives of the Laplace transform

n dn
n
L{t y(t)} = (−1) n Y (s)
ds
21
Problem (4.4: 6)
Solution:
Derivatives of the Laplace transform

n ndn
L{t y(t)} = (−1) n Y (s)
ds
2 2
2s3 − 6s

2 2 d d s
F (s) = L{t cos t} = (−1) 2 L{cos t} = 2 2
= 2
ds ds s + 1 (s + 1)3
22
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
23
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
f (t) = U(t − π/2) sin t + (1 − U(t − π/2)) · 1 = U(t − π/2) sin t + 1 − U(t − π/2)
24
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
25
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
26
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
27
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
2 2 − π2 s s 1 1 −π s
s Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s + 1] − s = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
28
Problem (4.4: 14)


00 0 1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y (0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
2 2 − π2 s s 1 1 −π s
s Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s + 1] − s = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
π 1 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s 2 +
s(s + 1)2 s
29
Problem (4.4: 14)


1, 0 ≤ t < π/2
y 00 + y = f (t), y(0) = 1, y 0(0) = 0, f (t) =
sin t, t ≥ π/2
Solution:
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
π s 1 1 π
F (s) = e− 2 s 2 + − e− 2 s
s +1 s s
π s 1 1 π
s2Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s2 + 1] − s = e− 2 s 2 + − e− 2 s
s +1 s s
− π2 s 1 1
Y (s) = −e +
s(s2 + 1)2 s

π 1 s s 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 2 +
s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s
30
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
π s 1 1 π
s2Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s2 + 1] − s = e− 2 s 2 + − e− 2 s
s +1 s s
− π2 s 1 1
Y (s) = −e 2 2
+
s(s + 1) s

π 1 s s 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 2 +
s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s

π 1 s d 1 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 1/2(−1) +
s s +1 ds s2 + 1 s
31
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
π s 1 1 π
s2Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s2 + 1] − s = e− 2 s 2 + − e− 2 s
s +1 s s
− π2 s 1 1
Y (s) = −e 2 2
+
s(s + 1) s

π 1 s s 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 2 +
s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s

π 1 s d 1 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 1/2(−1) +
s s +1 ds s2 + 1 s
y(t) = U(t − π/2)[−1 + cos(t − π/2) + 1/2(t − π/2) sin(t − π/2)] + 1
32
L{g(t)U(t − a)} = e−asL{g(t + a)}
− π2 s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = L{f (t)} = e L{sin(t + π/2)} + − e 2
s s
− π2 s s 1 1 −π s
F (s) = e 2
+ − e 2
s +1 s s
π s 1 1 π
s2Y (s) − s + Y (s) = Y (s)[s2 + 1] − s = e− 2 s 2 + − e− 2 s
s +1 s s
− π2 s 1 1
Y (s) = −e 2 2
+
s(s + 1) s

π 1 s s 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 2 +
s s + 1 (s + 1)2 s

π 1 s d 1 1
Y (s) = −e− 2 s − 2 − 1/2(−1) +
s s +1 ds s2 + 1 s
y(t) = U(t − π/2)[−1 + cos(t − π/2) + 1/2(t − π/2) sin(t − π/2)] + 1
y(t) = U(t − π/2)[−1 + sin t − 1/2(t − π/2) cos t] + 1
33
Problem (4.4: 26)

Find Z t
L sin τ τ dτ
0
Solution:
34
Problem (4.4: 26)

Find Z t
L sin τ τ dτ
0
Solution:
Transform of the integral

Z t
F (s)
L f (τ ) dτ =
0 s
35
Problem (4.4: 26)

Find Z t
L sin τ τ dτ
0
Solution:

Z t
F (s)
L f (τ ) dτ =
0 s
Z t
1
L sin τ τ dτ = L{t sin t}
0 s
36
Problem (4.4: 26)

Find Z t
L sin τ τ dτ
0
Solution:

Z t
F (s)
L f (τ ) dτ =
0 s
Z t
1 1d 1
L sin τ τ dτ = L{t sin t} = −
0 s s ds s2 + 1
37
Problem (4.4: 26)

Find Z t
L sin τ τ dτ
0
Solution:

Z t
F (s)
L f (τ ) dτ =
0 s
Z t
1 1d 1 2
L sin τ τ dτ = L{t sin t} = − =
0 s s ds s2 + 1 (s2 + 1)2
38
Problem (4.4: 38)

Use the Laplace transform to solve the integral equation
Z t
f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ ) dτ
0
Solution:
39
Problem (4.4: 38)

Z t
f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ ) dτ
0
Solution:
By the Convolution theorem

1 1
F (s) = 2 2 − 4 2 F (s)
s s +1
40
Problem (4.4: 38)

Z t
f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ ) dτ
0
Solution:

1 1
F (s) = 2 2 − 4 2 F (s)
s s +1
2(s2 + 1) 2 2/5 2/5
F (s) = 2 2 = 2 + 2 − 2 =
s (s + 5) s + 5 s s +5
41
Problem (4.4: 38)

Z t
f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ ) dτ
0
Solution:

1 1
F (s) = 2 2 − 4 2 F (s)
s s +1
2(s2 + 1) 2 2/5 2/5
F (s) = 2 2 = 2 + 2 − 2 =
s (s + 5) s + 5 s s +5
√
8 5 21
= √ 2 + 2
5 5s + 5 5s
42
Problem (4.4: 38)

Z t
f (t) = 2t − 4 sin τ f (t − τ ) dτ
0
Solution:

1 1
F (s) = 2 2 − 4 2 F (s)
s s +1
2(s2 + 1) 2 2/5 2/5
F (s) = 2 2 = 2 + 2 − 2 =
s (s + 5) s + 5 s s +5
√
8 5 21
= √ 2 + 2
5 5s + 5 5s
8 2
f (t) = √ sin 5t + t
5 5 5
43
The Laplace Transform (4.6 Systems of Linear Differential Equations )
Problem (4.6: 2)
Use the Laplace transform to solve the system:
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
44
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) −
s−1 s2
45
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) − 2
s−1 s
4 s 8 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 + −
s − 16 s − 16 (s − 1)(s2 − 16) s(s2 − 16)
46
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) − 2
s−1 s
4 s 8 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 + −
s − 16 s − 16 (s − 1)(s2 − 16) s(s2 − 16)

4 s 1 1 1 s 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 − 8/15 + 1/3 + 1/5 − 1/16 2 −
s − 16 s − 16 s−1 s−4 s+4 s − 16 s
47
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) − 2
s−1 s
4 s 8 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 + −
s − 16 s − 16 (s − 1)(s2 − 16) s(s2 − 16)

4 s 1 1 1 s 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 − 8/15 + 1/3 + 1/5 − 1/16 2 −
s − 16 s − 16 s−1 s−4 s+4 s − 16 s
15 1 8 t 1 4t 1 −4t
y(t) = 2 sinh 4t + cosh 4t + − e + e + e
16 16 15 3 5
48
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx t dy
= 2y + e , = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) − 2
s−1 s
4 s 8 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 + −
s − 16 s − 16 (s − 1)(s2 − 16) s(s2 − 16)

4 s 1 1 1 s 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 − 8/15 + 1/3 + 1/5 − 1/16 2 −
s − 16 s − 16 s−1 s−4 s+4 s − 16 s
15 1 8 t 1 4t 1 −4t
16 16 15 3 5
15 8 4 4
x(t) = 1/8(y 0(t) + t), y 0(t) = 8 cosh 4t + sinh 4t − et + e4t − e−4t
4 15 3 5
49
Problem (4.6: 2)
dx dy
= 2y + et, = 8x − t, x(0) = 1, y(0) = 1
dt dt
Solution:
1 1
sX(s) − 1 = 2Y (s) + , sY (s) − 1 = 8X(s) − 2
s−1 s
4 s 8 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 + −
s − 16 s − 16 (s − 1)(s2 − 16) s(s2 − 16)

4 s 1 1 1 s 1
Y (s) = 2 2 + 2 − 8/15 + 1/3 + 1/5 − 1/16 2 −
s − 16 s − 16 s−1 s−4 s+4 s − 16 s
15 1 8 t 1 4t 1 −4t
16 16 15 3 5
0 0 15 8 t 4 4t 4 −4t
x(t) = 1/8(y (t) + t), y (t) = 8 cosh 4t + sinh 4t − e + e − e
4 15 3 5
15 1 1 1 1
x(t) = cosh 4t + sinh 4t − et + e4t − e−4t + t
32 15 6 10 8
50
See you next week :-) !
51

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Engineering Mathematics II (2M03)

November 1-2, 2007

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1

F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)} = e−sL{(3(t + 1) + 1)} = e−sL{(3t + 4)}

Problem (4.3: 40)

Find the Laplace transform F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)}.

a = 1, g(t) = 3t + 1, g(t + 1) = 3(t + 1) + 1

F (s) = L{(3t + 1)U(t − 1)} = e−sL{(3(t + 1) + 1)} = e−sL{(3t + 4)}

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

f (t) = sin t(1 − U(t − 2π)) = sin t − sin t U(t − 2π)

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

f (t) = sin t(1 − U(t − 2π)) = sin t − sin t U(t − 2π)

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

f (t) = sin t(1 − U(t − 2π)) = sin t − sin t U(t − 2π)

Problem (4.3: 60)

Find the Laplace transform of the function:

f (t) = sin t(1 − U(t − 2π)) = sin t − sin t U(t − 2π)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Problem (4.3: 66)

Derivatives of the Laplace transform

Derivatives of the Laplace transform

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 14)

Problem (4.4: 26)

Problem (4.4: 26)

Transform of the integral

Problem (4.4: 26)

Transform of the integral

Problem (4.4: 26)

Transform of the integral

Problem (4.4: 26)

Transform of the integral

Problem (4.4: 38)

Problem (4.4: 38)

Problem (4.4: 38)