CH6 1

Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 4 C4 Page 1 of 3
Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com
Solutionbank
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Integration
Exercise A, Question 1
Question:
Integrate the following with respect to x:
5 2
(a) 3 sec2 x + x
+
x2
(b) 5ex − 4 sin x + 2x3
(c) 2 ( sin x − cos x + x )

2
(d) 3 sec x tan x − x
2
(e) 5ex + 4 cos x −
x2
1
(f) 2x
+ 2 cosec2 x
1 1 1
(g) x
+ +
x2 x3
(h) ex + sin x + cos x
(i) 2 cosec x cot x − sec2 x

1
(j) ex + x
− cosec2 x
Solution:
 5 2 
(a) ∫ 3 sec2 x + x + 2 dx
 x 
 5 
= ∫ 3 sec2 x + x + 2x − 2 dx
 
2
= 3 tan x + 5 ln | x | − x + C
(b) ∫ ( 5ex − 4 sin x + 2x3 ) dx

2x4
= 5ex + 4 cos x + 4 + C
x4
= 5ex + 4 cos x + 2 + C
(c) ∫ 2 ( sin x − cos x + x ) dx

= ∫ ( 2 sin x − 2 cos x + 2x ) dx
= − 2 cos x − 2 sin x + x2 + C
 2 
(d) ∫ 3 sec x tan x − x dx
 
= 3 sec x − 2 ln | x | + C
 2 
(e) ∫ 5ex + 4 cos x − 2 dx
 x 
= ∫ ( 5ex + 4 cos x − 2x − 2 ) dx
2
= 5ex + 4 sin x + x + C
 1 2 x  dx
(f) ∫ + 2 cosec
 2x 
 1 1 
= ∫ × + 2 cosec2 x dx
 2 x 
1
= 2 ln | x | − 2 cot x + C
 1 1 1 
(g) ∫ + + dx
 x x2 x3 
 1 
= ∫ + x − 2 + x − 3 dx
 x 
x−1 x−2
= ln | x | + −1 + −2 + C
1 1
= ln | x | − x − + C
2x2
(h) ∫ ( ex + sin x + cos x ) dx

= ex − cos x + sin x + C
(i) ∫ ( 2 cosec x cot x − sec2 x ) dx

= − 2 cosec x − tan x + C
 x 1 
(j) ∫ e + x − cosec2 x dx
 
= ex + ln | x | + cot x + C
© Pearson Education Ltd 2009
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_a_1.h... 3/6/201

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise A, Question 2
Question:
Find the following integrals:
 1 1 
(a) ∫ + 2 dx
 cos x
2 x 
 sin x x  dx
(b) ∫ + 2e
 cos2 x 
 1 + cos x 1+x 
(c) ∫ + dx
 sin2 x x2 
 1 1 
(d) ∫ + dx
 sin2 x x 
(e) ∫ sin x ( 1 + sec2 x ) dx
(f) ∫ cos x ( 1 + cosec2 x ) dx
(g) ∫ cosec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) dx
(h) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 − cot2 x ) dx
(i) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 + ex cos2 x ) dx
 1 + sin x 2 x sec x  dx
(j) ∫ + cos
 cos2 x 
Solution:
 1 1 
(a) ∫ + dx
 cos2 x x2 
= ∫ ( sec2 x + x − 2 ) dx
1
= tan x − x + C

 sin x x  dx
(b) ∫ + 2e
 cos2 x 
= ∫ ( tan x sec x + 2ex ) dx
= sec x + 2ex + C
 1 + cos x 1+x 
(c) ∫ + dx
 sin x
2 x2 
= ∫ ( cosec2 x + cot x cosec x + x − 2 + x − 1 ) dx
1
= − cot x − cosec x − x + ln | x | + C
 1 1 
(d) ∫ + x  dx
 sin2 x
 1 
= ∫ cosec2 x + x dx
 
= − cot x + ln | x | + C
(e) ∫ sin x ( 1 + sec2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( sin x + sin x sec2 x ) dx
= ∫ ( sin x + tan x sec x ) dx
= − cos x + sec x + C
(f) ∫ cos x ( 1 + cosec2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( cos x + cos x cosec2 x ) dx
= ∫ ( cos x + cot x cosec x ) dx
= sin x − cosec x + C
(g) ∫ cosec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( cosec2 x + cosec2 x tan2 x ) dx
= ∫ ( cosec2 x + sec2 x ) dx
= − cot x + tan x + C
(h) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 − cot2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( sec2 x − sec2 x cot2 x ) dx
= ∫ ( sec2 x − cosec2 x ) dx
= tan x + cot x + C
(i) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 + ex cos2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( sec2 x + ex cos2 x sec2 x ) dx
= ∫ ( sec2 x + ex ) dx

= tan x + ex + C
 1 + sin x 
(j) ∫ + cos2 x sec x dx
 cos x2 
= ∫ ( sec2 x + tan x sec x + cos x ) dx
= tan x + sec x + sin x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise B, Question 1
Question:
Integrate the following:
(a) sin ( 2x + 1 )
(b) 3e2x
(c) 4ex + 5
(d) cos ( 1 − 2x )
(e) cosec2 3x
(f) sec 4x tan 4x
 1 
(g) 3 sin x + 1
 2 
(h) sec2 ( 2 − x )
(i) cosec 2x cot 2x
(j) cos 3x − sin 3x

Solution:
  1  
(a) ∫ sin 2x + 1 dx = − 2 cos 2x + 1 + C
   
3 2x
(b) ∫ 3e2xdx = 2e + C
(c) ∫ 4ex + 5dx = 4ex + 5 + C
  1  
(d) ∫ cos 1 − 2x dx = − 2 sin 1 − 2x + C
   
OR Let y = sin ( 1 − 2x )
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_1.h... 3/6/2013

dy    
then = cos 1 − 2x × −2 (by chain rule)
dx    
  1  
∴ ∫ cos 1 − 2x dx = − 2 sin 1 − 2x + C
   
1
(e) ∫ cosec2 3x dx = − 3 cot 3x + C
1
(f) ∫ sec 4x tan 4x dx = 4 sec 4x + C
 1   1 
(g) ∫ 3 sin x + 1 dx = − 6 cos x+1 + C
 2   2 
(h) ∫ sec2 ( 2 − x ) dx = − tan ( 2 − x ) + C

OR Let y = tan ( 2 − x )
dy    
then = sec2 2−x × −1 (by chain rule)
dx    
∴ ∫ sec2 ( 2 − x ) dx = − tan ( 2 − x ) + C
1
(i) ∫ cosec 2x cot 2x dx = − 2 cosec 2x + C
(j) ∫ ( cos 3x − sin 3x ) dx

1 1
= 3 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x + C
1  
= sin 3x + cos 3x + C
3  

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
 2x 1   
(a) ∫ e − 2 sin 2x − 1 dx
   
(b) ∫ ( ex + 1 ) 2 dx
(c) ∫ sec2 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) dx
1
 3 − 2 cos ( 2 x ) 
(d) ∫   dx
1
 sin2 ( x ) 
2
(e) ∫ [ e3 − x + sin ( 3 − x ) + cos ( 3 − x ) ] dx

Solution:
 2x 1    1 1  
(a) ∫ e − 2 sin 2x − 1 dx = 2 e2x + 4 cos 2x − 1 + C
     
(b) ∫ ( ex + 1 ) 2 dx
= ∫ ( e2x + 2ex + 1 ) dx
1 2x
= 2e + 2ex + x + C
(c) ∫ sec2 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) dx

= ∫ ( sec2 2x + sec2 2x sin 2x ) dx
= ∫ ( sec2 2x + sec 2x tan 2x ) dx
1 1
= 2 tan 2x + 2 sec 2x + C

1
 3 − 2 cos ( 2 x ) 
(d) ∫  1
 dx
2
 sin ( x )
2

 1 1 1 
= ∫ 3 cosec2 2 x − 2 cosec 2 x cot 2 x dx
 
 1   1 
= − 6 cot x + 4 cosec x + C
 2   2 
(e) ∫ [ e3 − x + sin ( 3 − x ) + cos ( 3 − x ) ] dx

= − e3 − x + cos ( 3 − x ) − sin ( 3 − x ) + C
Note: extra minus signs from − x terms and chain rule.

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:

1
(a) 2x + 1
1
(b)
( 2x + 1 ) 2
(c) ( 2x + 1 ) 2
3
(d) 4x − 1
3
(e) 1 − 4x
3
(f)
( 1 − 4x ) 2
(g) ( 3x + 2 ) 5
3
(h)
( 1 − 2x ) 3
6
(i)
( 3 − 2x ) 4
5
(j) 3 − 2x
Solution:
1 1
(a) ∫ 2x + 1 dx = 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C

1
(b) ∫ dx
( 2x + 1 ) 2
= ∫ ( 2x + 1 ) − 2 dx
( 2x + 1 ) − 1 1
= −1 × 2 + C
1
= − 2 ( 2x + 1 ) + C
(c) ∫ ( 2x + 1 ) 2 dx
( 2x + 1 ) 3 1
= 3 × 2 + C
( 2x + 1 ) 3
= 6 + C
3 3
(d) ∫ 4x − 1 dx = 4 ln | 4x − 1 | + C
3
(e) ∫ 1 − 4x dx
3
= − ∫ 4x − 1 dx
3
= − 4 ln | 4x − 1 | + C
OR Let y = ln | 1 − 4x |
dy 1  
then = × −4 (by chain rule)
dx 1 − 4x  
3 3
∴ ∫ 1 − 4x dx = − 4 ln | 1 − 4x | + C
Note: ln | 1 − 4x | = ln | 4x − 1 | because of | | sign.
3
(f) ∫ dx
( 1 − 4x ) 2
= ∫ 3 ( 1 − 4x ) − 2 dx
3 ( 1 − 4x ) − 1
= −4 × −1
3
= 4 ( 1 − 4x ) + C

5 dx ( 3x + 2 ) 6
(g) ∫ ( 3x + 2 ) = 18 + C
3 3 ( 1 − 2x ) − 2 3
(h) ∫ 3
dx = −2 × −2 +C= + C
( 1 − 2x ) 4 ( 1 − 2x ) 2
OR Let y = ( 1 − 2x ) − 2
dy  
then = − 2 ( 1 − 2x ) − 3 × −2 (by chain rule)
dx  
3 3
∴ ∫ 3
dx = 4 ( 1 − 2x ) − 2 + C
( 1 − 2x )
6 6 ( 3 − 2x ) − 3 1
(i) ∫ 4
dx = −2 × −3 + C= + C
( 3 − 2x ) ( 3 − 2x ) 3
OR Let y = ( 3 − 2x ) − 3
dy  
then = − 3 ( 3 − 2x ) − 4 × −2
dx  
6 1
∴ ∫ 4
dx = + C
( 3 − 2x ) ( 3 − 2x ) 3
5 5
(j) ∫ ( 3 − 2x ) dx = − 2 ln | 3 − 2x | + C
OR Let y = ln | 3 − 2x |
dy 1  
then = × −2 (by chain rule)
dx 3 − 2x  
5 5
∴ ∫ 3 − 2x dx = − 2 ln | 3 − 2x | + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find the following integrals
   4 
(a) ∫ 3 sin 2x + 1 + 2x + 1 dx
   
(b) ∫ [ e5x + ( 1 − x ) 5 ] dx
 1 1 1 
(c) ∫ + + dx
 sin2 2x 1 + 2x ( 1 + 2x ) 2 
 1 
(d) ∫ ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + dx
 ( 3x + 2 ) 2 
Solution:
   4 
(a) ∫ 3 sin 2x + 1 + 2x + 1 dx
   
3   4
= − cos 2x + 1 + 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C
2  
3  
= − cos 2x + 1 + 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + C
2  
(b) ∫ [ e5x + ( 1 − x ) 5 ] dx
= ∫ e5x dx + ∫ ( 1 − x ) 5 dx
1 5x 1
= 5e − 6 (1−x) 6+C (from ⑪ and ⑩)
OR Let y = ( 1 − x ) 6
dy  
then =6(1−x) 5× −1 (by chain rule)
dx  
1
∴ ∫ ( 1 − x ) 5dx = − 6 (1−x) 6+ C
 1 1 1 
(c) ∫ + 1 + 2x + dx
 sin2 2x ( 1 + 2x ) 2 

 1 
= ∫ cosec2 2x + 1 + 2x + ( 1 + 2x ) − 2 dx
 
1 1 ( 1 + 2x ) − 1 1
= − 2 cot 2x + 2 ln | 1 + 2x | + −1 × 2 + C
1 1 1
= − 2 cot 2x + 2 ln | 1 + 2x | − 2 ( 1 + 2x ) + C
 1 
(d) ∫ ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + dx
 ( 3x + 2 ) 2 
= ∫ [ ( 3x + 2 ) 2 + ( 3x + 2 ) − 2 ] dx
( 3x + 2 ) 3 ( 3x + 2 ) − 1
= 9 − 3 + C
( 3x + 2 ) 3 1
= 9 − 3 ( 3x + 2 ) + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise C, Question 1
Question:
(a) cot2 x
(b) cos2 x
(c) sin 2x cos 2x
(d) ( 1 + sin x ) 2
(e) tan2 3x
(f) ( cot x − cosec x ) 2
(g) ( sin x + cos x ) 2
(h) sin2 x cos2 x
1
(i)
sin2 x cos2 x
(j) ( cos 2x − 1 ) 2
Solution:
(a) ∫ cot2 x dx = ∫ ( cosec2 x − 1 ) dx

= − cot x − x + C
1  
(b) ∫ cos2 x dx = ∫ 1 + cos 2x dx
2  
1 1
= 2x + 4 sin 2x + C
1
(c) ∫ sin 2x cos 2x dx = ∫ 2 sin 4x dx
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_c_1.h... 3/6/2013

1
= − 8 cos 4x + C
(d) ∫ ( 1 + sin x ) 2 dx = ∫ ( 1 + 2 sin x + sin2 x ) dx

But cos 2x = 1 − 2 sin2 x
1 1
∴ sin2 x = 2 − 2 cos 2x
 3 1 
∴ ∫ ( 1 + sin x ) 2 dx = ∫ + 2 sin x − cos 2x dx
 2 2 
3 1
= 2x − 2 cos x − 4 sin 2x + C
(e) ∫ tan2 3x dx = ∫ ( sec2 3x − 1 ) dx

1
= 3 tan 3x − x + C
(f) ∫ ( cot x − cosec x ) 2 dx = ∫ ( cot2 x − 2 cot x cosec x + cosec2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( 2 cosec2 x − 1 − 2 cot x cosec x ) dx
= − 2 cot x − x + 2 cosec x + C
(g) ∫ ( sin x + cos x ) 2 dx = ∫ ( sin2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( 1 + sin 2x ) dx
1
=x− 2 cos 2x + C
 1  2
(h) ∫ sin2 x cos2 x dx = ∫ sin 2x dx
 2 
1
= ∫ 4 sin2 2x dx
1  1 1 
= ∫ − cos 4x dx
4  2 2 
 1 1 
= ∫ − cos 4x dx
 8 8 
1 1
= 8x − 32 sin 4x + C
1 1
(i) = = 4 cosec2 2x
sin2 x cos2 x 1
( sin 2x ) 2
2

1
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ 4 cosec2 2x dx
sin2 x cos2 x
= − 2 cot 2x + C
(j) ∫ ( cos 2x − 1 ) 2 dx = ∫ ( cos2 2x − 2 cos 2x + 1 ) dx

 1 1 
= ∫ cos 4x + − 2 cos 2x + 1 dx
 2 2 
 1 3 
= ∫ cos 4x + − 2 cos 2x dx
 2 2 
1 3
= 8 sin 4x + 2x − sin 2x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
 1 − sin x 
(a) ∫ dx
 cos2 x 
 1 + cos x 
(b) ∫ dx
 sin2 x 
cos 2x
(c) ∫ dx
cos2 x
cos2 x
(d) ∫ dx
sin2 x
( 1 + cos x ) 2
(e) ∫ dx
sin2 x
( 1 + sin x ) 2
(f) ∫ dx
cos2 x
(g) ∫ ( cot x − tan x ) 2dx
(h) ∫ ( cos x − sin x ) 2dx
(i) ∫ ( cos x − sec x ) 2dx
cos 2x
(j) ∫ dx
1 − cos2 2x
Solution:
 1 − sin x   
(a) ∫ dx = ∫ sec2 x − tan x sec x dx
 cos2 x   
= tan x − sec x + C

 1 + cos x   
(b) ∫ dx = ∫ cosec2 x + cot x cosec x dx
 sin2 x   
= − cot x − cosec x + C
cos 2x 2 cos2 x − 1
(c) ∫ dx = ∫ dx
cos2 x cos2 x
= ∫ ( 2 − sec2 x ) dx
= 2x − tan x + C
cos2 x
(d) ∫ dx = ∫ cot2 x dx
sin2 x
= ∫ ( cosec2 x − 1 ) dx
= − cot x − x + C
( 1 + cos x ) 2 1 + 2 cos x + cos2 x

(e) I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
sin2 x sin2 x
= ∫ ( cosec2 x + 2 cot x cosec x + cot2 x ) dx

But cosec2 x = 1 + cot2 x ⇒ cot2 x = cosec2 x − 1
∴ I = ∫ ( 2 cosec2 x − 1 + 2 cot x cosec x ) dx
= − 2 cot x − x − 2 cosec x + C
( 1 + sin x ) 2 1 + 2 sin x + sin2 x

(f) I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
cos2 x cos2 x
= ∫ ( sec2 x + 2 tan x sec x + tan2 x ) dx

But sec2 x = 1 + tan2 x ⇒ tan2 x = sec2 x − 1
∴ I = ∫ ( 2 sec2 x − 1 + 2 tan x sec x ) dx
= 2 tan x − x + 2 sec x + C
(g) ∫ ( cot x − tan x ) 2dx = ∫ ( cot2 x − 2 cot x tan x + tan2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( cosec2 x − 1 − 2 + sec2 x − 1 ) dx
= ∫ ( cosec2 x − 4 + sec2 x ) dx
= − cot x − 4x + tan x + C
(h) ∫ ( cos x − sin x ) 2dx = ∫ ( cos2 x − 2 cos x sin x + sin2 x ) dx

= ∫ ( 1 − sin 2x ) dx
1
=x+ 2 cos 2x + C

(i) ∫ ( cos x − sec x ) 2dx = ∫ ( cos2 x − 2 cos x sec x + sec2 x ) dx

 1 1 
= ∫ cos 2x + − 2 + sec2 x dx
 2 2 
 1 3 2 x  dx
= ∫ cos 2x − + sec
 2 2 
1 3
= 4 sin 2x − 2x + tan x + C
cos 2x cos 2x
(j) ∫ dx = ∫ dx
1− cos2 2x sin2 2x
= ∫ cot 2x cosec 2x dx
1
= − 2 cosec 2x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) ∫ cos 2x cos x dx
(b) ∫ 2 sin 5x cos 3x dx
(c) ∫ 2 sin 3x cos 5x dx
(d) ∫ 2 sin 2x sin 5x dx
(e) 4 ∫ cos 3x cos 7x dx
(f) ∫ 2 cos 4x cos 4x dx
(g) ∫ 2 cos 4x sin 4x dx
(h) ∫ 2 sin 4x sin 4x dx

Solution:
3x + x 3x − x
(a) cos 3x + cos x = 2 cos 2 cos 2 = 2 cos 2x cos x
1  
∴ ∫ cos 2x cos x dx = ∫ cos 3x + cos x dx
2  
1  1 
= sin 3x + sin x + C
2  3 
1 1
= 6 sin 3x + 2 sin x + C
(b) sin 8x + sin 2x = 2 sin 5x cos 3x

∴ ∫ 2 sin 5x cos 3x dx = ∫ ( sin 8x + sin 2x ) dx
1 1
= − 8 cos 8x − 2 cos 2x + C
(c) sin 8x − sin 2x = 2 sin 3x cos 5x

∴ ∫ 2 sin 3x cos 5x dx = ∫ ( sin 8x − sin 2x ) dx

1 1
= − 8 cos 8x + 2 cos 2x + C
(d) cos 7x − cos 3x = − 2 sin 5x sin 2x

∴ ∫ 2 sin 2x sin 5x dx = ∫ ( cos 3x − cos 7x ) dx
1 1
= 3 sin 3x − 7 sin 7x + C
(e) cos 10x + cos 4x = 2 cos 7x cos 3x

∴ ∫ 4 cos 3x cos 7x dx = 2 ∫ ( cos 10x + cos 4x ) dx
 1 1 
=2 sin 10x + sin 4x + C
 10 4 
1 1
= 5 sin 10x + 2 sin 4x + C
(f) cos 8x + cos 0x = 2 cos 4x cos 4x

i.e. cos 8x + 1 = 2 cos 4x cos 4x
∴ ∫ 2 cos 4x cos 4x dx = ∫ ( 1 + cos 8x ) dx
1
=x+ 8 sin 8x + C
(g) sin 8x + sin 0x = 2 sin 4x cos 4x

∴ ∫ 2 cos 4x sin 4x dx = ∫ sin 8x dx
1
= − 8 cos 8x + C
(h) cos 8x − cos 0x = − 2 sin 4x sin 4x

i.e. cos 8x − 1 = − 2 sin 4x sin 4x
∴ ∫ 2 sin 4x sin 4x dx = ∫ ( 1 − cos 8x ) dx
1
=x− 8 sin 8x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise D, Question 1
Question:
Use partial fractions to integrate the following:

3x + 5
(a) (x+1) (x+2)
3x − 1
(b) ( 2x + 1 ) ( x − 2 )
2x − 6
(c) (x+3) (x−1)
3
(d) (2+x) (1−x)
4
(e) ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 − 2x )
3(x+1)
(f)
9x2 − 1
3 − 5x
(g) ( 1 − x ) ( 2 − 3x )
x2 − 3
(h)
(2+x) (1+x) 2
5 + 3x
(i)
(x+2) (x+1) 2
17 − 5x
(j)
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 − x ) 2
Solution:
3x + 5 A B
(a) (x+1) (x+2) ≡ x+1 + x+2
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_d_1.h... 3/6/2013

⇒ 3x + 5 ≡ A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 1 )
x= −1 ⇒ 2=A
x= −2 ⇒ −1= −B ⇒ B=1
3x + 5  2 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ + x + 2  dx
(x+1) (x+2)  x+1
= 2 ln | x + 1 | + ln | x + 2 | + C
= ln [ | x + 1 | 2 ] + ln | x + 2 | + C
= ln | ( x + 1 ) 2 ( x + 2 ) | + C
3x − 1 A B
(b) ( 2x + 1 ) ( x − 2 ) ≡ 2x + 1 + x−2
⇒ 3x − 1 ≡ A ( x − 2 ) + B ( 2x + 1 )
x=2 ⇒ 5 = 5B ⇒ B=1
1 5 5
x= − 2 ⇒ − 2 = − 2A ⇒ A=1
3x − 1  1 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ + x − 2  dx
( 2x + 1 ) ( x − 2 )  2x + 1
1
= 2 ln | 2x + 1 | + ln | x − 2 | + C
= ln | ( x − 2 ) \ 2x + 1 | + C
2x − 6 A B
(c) (x+3) (x−1) ≡ x+3 + x−1
⇒ 2x − 6 ≡ A ( x − 1 ) + B ( x + 3 )
x=1 ⇒ − 4 = 4B ⇒ B= −1
x= −3 ⇒ − 12 = − 4A ⇒ A=3
2x − 6  3 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − dx
(x+3) (x−1)  x + 3 x − 1 
= 3 ln | x + 3 | − ln | x − 1 | + C
3
 (x+3) 
= ln + C
 x−1 
3 A B
(d) (2+x) (1−x) ≡ (2+x) + 1−x
⇒ 3≡A(1−x) +B(2+x)
x=1 ⇒ 3 = 3B ⇒ B=1
x= −2 ⇒ 3 = 3A ⇒ A=1

3  1 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ + dx.
(2+x) (1−x)  2 + x 1 − x 
= ln | 2 + x | − ln | 1 − x | + C
 2+x 
= ln + C
 1−x 
4 A B
(e) ( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 − 2x ) ≡ 2x + 1 + 1 − 2x
⇒ 4 ≡ A ( 1 − 2x ) + B ( 2x + 1 )
1
x= 2 ⇒ 4 = 2B ⇒ B=2
1
x= − 2 ⇒ 4 = 2A ⇒ A=2
4  2 2 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ + dx
( 2x + 1 ) ( 1 − 2x )  2x + 1 1 − 2x 
= ln | 2x + 1 | − ln | 1 − 2x | + C
 2x + 1 
= ln + C
 1 − 2x 
3(x+1) 3(x+1) A B
(f) ≡ ( 3x − 1 ) ( 3x + 1 ) ≡ 3x − 1 + 3x + 1
9x2 − 1
⇒ 3x + 3 ≡ A ( 3x + 1 ) + B ( 3x − 1 )
1
x= − 3 ⇒ 2 = − 2B ⇒ B= −1
1
x= 3 ⇒ 4 = 2A ⇒ A=2
3(x+1)  2 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − dx
9x2 − 1  3x − 1 3x + 1 
2 1
= 3 ln | 3x − 1 | − 3 ln | 3x + 1 | + C
2
1  ( 3x − 1 ) 
= 3 ln + C
 3x + 1 
3 − 5x A B
(g) ( 1 − x ) ( 2 − 3x ) ≡ 1−x + 2 − 3x
⇒ 3 − 5x ≡ A ( 2 − 3x ) + B ( 1 − x )
2 1 1
x= 3 ⇒ − 3 = 3B ⇒ B= −1

x=1 ⇒ −2= −A ⇒ A=2

3 − 5x  2 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − dx
( 1 − x ) ( 2 − 3x )  1 − x 2 − 3x 
1
= − 2 ln | 1 − x | + 3 ln | 2 − 3x | + C
1
 ( 2 − 3x ) 3 
= ln  2  + C
(1−x)
 
x2 − 3 A B C
(h) 2 ≡ 2+x + 1+x +
(2+x) (1+x) (1+x) 2
⇒ x2 − 3 ≡ A ( 1 + x ) 2 + B ( 2 + x ) ( 1 + x ) + C ( 2 + x )
x= −1 ⇒ −2=C ⇒ C= −2
x= −2 ⇒ 1 = 1A ⇒ A=1
Coefficient of x2 ⇒ 1=A+B ⇒ B=0
x2 − 3  1 2 
∴ ∫ 2 dx = ∫ − dx
(2+x) (1+x)  2+x (1+x) 2 
(1+x) −1
= ln | 2 + x | − 2 −1 + C
2
= ln | 2 + x | + 1+x + C
5 + 3x A B C
(i) ≡ x+2 + x+1 +
(x+2) (x+1) 2 (x+1) 2
⇒ 5 + 3x ≡ A ( x + 1 ) 2 + B ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1 ) + C ( x + 2 )
x= −1 ⇒ 2=C ⇒ C=2
x= −2 ⇒ −1=A ⇒ A= −1
Coefficient of x2 ⇒ 0=A+B ⇒ B=1
5 + 3x  1 1 2 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − x+2 + x+1 + dx
(x+2) (x+1) 2  (x+1) 2 
2
= − ln | x + 2 | + ln | x + 1 | − x+1 + C
 x+1  2
= ln − x+1 + C
 x+2 

17 − 5x A B C
(j) ≡ 3 + 2x + 2−x +
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 − x ) 2 (2−x) 2
⇒ 17 − 5x ≡ A ( 2 − x ) 2 + B ( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 − x ) + C ( 3 + 2x )
x=2 ⇒ 7 = 7C ⇒ C=1
3 49 49
x= − 2 ⇒ 2 = 4 A ⇒ A=2
Coefficient of x2 ⇒ 0 = A − 2B ⇒ B=1
17 − 5x  2 1 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ + 2−x + dx
( 3 + 2x ) ( 2 − x ) 2  3 + 2x (2−x) 2 
2 1
= 2 ln | 3 + 2x | − ln | 2 − x | + 2−x + C
 3 + 2x  1
= ln + 2−x + C
 2−x 

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise D, Question 2
Question:
2 ( x2 + 3x − 1 )
(a) ∫ ( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) dx
x3 + 2x2 + 2
(b) ∫ x ( x + 1 ) dx
x2
(c) ∫ dx
x2 − 4
x2 + x + 2
(d) ∫ dx
3 − 2x − x2
6 + 3x − x2
(e) ∫ dx
x3 + 2x2
Solution:
2 ( x2 + 3x − 1 ) A B
(a) ( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) ≡1+ x+1 + 2x − 1
⇒ 2x2 + 6x − 2 ≡ ( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) + A ( 2x − 1 ) + B ( x + 1 )
x= −1 ⇒ − 6 = − 3A ⇒ A=2
1 3 3
x= 2 ⇒ 2 = 2B ⇒ B=1
2 ( x2 + 3x − 1 )  2 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ 1 + x + 1 + 2x − 1 dx
( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 )  
1
= x + 2 ln | x + 1 | + 2 ln | 2x − 1 | + C
= x + ln | ( x + 1 ) 2\ 2x − 1 | + C
x3 + 2x2 + 2
(b) x(x+1) ⇒

x3 + 2x2 + 2 2−x
x(x+1) ≡x+1+ x(x+1)
A B
≡x+1+ x + x+1
⇒ x3 + 2x2 + 2 ≡ ( x + 1 ) x ( x + 1 ) + A ( x + 1 ) + Bx
x=0 ⇒ 2=A ⇒ A=2
x= −1 ⇒ 3= −B ⇒ B= −3
x3 + 2x2 + 2  2 3 
∴ ∫ x ( x + 1 ) dx = ∫ x + 1 + x − x + 1 dx
 
x2
= 2 + x + 2 ln | x | − 3 ln | x + 1 | + C
x2  x 2

= + x + ln + C
2  (x+1) 3

x2 A B
(c) ≡1+ +
x2 −4 x−2 x+2
⇒ x2 ≡ ( x − 2 ) ( x + 2 ) + A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x − 2 )
x=2 ⇒ 4 = 4A ⇒ A=1
x= −2 ⇒ 4 = − 4B ⇒ B= −1
x2  1 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ 1 + x − 2 − x + 2 dx
x2 −4  
= x + ln | x − 2 | − ln | x + 2 | + C
 x−2 
= x + ln + C
 x+2 
x2 + x + 2 x2 + x + 2 A B
(d) ≡ ≡ −1+ +
3 − 2x − x2 (3+x) (1−x) 3+x 1−x
⇒ x2 + x + 2 ≡ − 1 ( 3 + x ) ( 1 − x ) + A ( 1 − x ) + B ( 3 + x )
x=1 ⇒ 4 = 4B ⇒ B=1
x= −3 ⇒ 8 = 4A ⇒ A=2
x2 + x + 2  2 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − 1 + 3+x + 1−x dx
3 − 2x − x2  
= − x + 2 ln | 3 + x | − ln | 1 − x | + C
2
 (3+x) 
= − x + ln + C
 1−x 

6 + 3x − x2 6 + 3x − x2 A B C
(e) ≡ ≡ + +
x3 + 2x2 x2 (x+2) x x2 x+2
⇒ 6 + 3x − x2 ≡ Ax ( x + 2 ) + B ( x + 2 ) + Cx2
x=0 ⇒ 6 = 2B ⇒ B=3
x= −2 ⇒ − 4 = 4C ⇒ C= −1
Coefficient of x2 ⇒ −1=A+C ⇒ A=0
6 + 3x − x2  3 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − x + 2  dx
x3 + 2x2  x2
3
= − x − ln | x + 2 | + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise E, Question 1
Question:
Integrate the following functions:
x
(a)
x2 +4
e2x
(b)
e2x + 1
x
(c)
( x2 + 4 ) 3
e2x
(d)
( e2x + 1 ) 3
cos 2x
(e) 3 + sin 2x
sin 2x
(f)
( 3 + cos 2x ) 3
2
(g) xex
(h) cos 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) 4
(i) sec2 x tan2 x
(j) sec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x )

Solution:
(a) y = ln | x2 + 4 |
dy 1
⇒ dx = × 2x (chain rule)
x2 + 4
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_e_1.h... 3/6/2013

x 1
∴ ∫ dx = 2 ln | x2 + 4 | + C
x2 +4
(b) y = ln | e2x + 1 |
dy 1
⇒ dx = × e2x × 2 (chain rule)
e2x +1
e2x 1
∴ ∫ dx = ln | e2x + 1 | + C
e2x + 1 2
(c) y = ( x2 + 4 ) − 2
dy
⇒ dx = − 2 ( x2 + 4 ) − 3 × 2x (chain rule)
x 1
∴ ∫ dx = − 4 ( x2 + 4 ) − 2 + C
( x2 +4) 3
1
or − + C
4 ( x2 + 4 ) 2
(d) y = ( e2x + 1 ) − 2
dy
⇒ dx = − 2 ( e2x + 1 ) − 3 × e2x × 2 (chain rule)
e2x 1
∴ ∫ 3 dx = − ( e2x + 1 ) − 2 + C
( e2x + 1 ) 4
1
or − + C
4 ( e2x + 1 ) 2
(e) y = ln | 3 + sin 2x |
dy 1
⇒ dx = 3 + sin 2x × cos 2x × 2 (chain rule)
cos 2x 1
∴ ∫ 3 + sin 2x dx = 2 ln | 3 + sin 2x | + C
(f) y = ( 3 + cos 2x ) − 2
dy  
⇒ = − 2 ( 3 + cos 2x ) − 3 × − sin 2x ×2 (chain rule)
dx  
sin 2x 1
∴ ∫ 3
dx = 4 ( 3 + cos 2x ) − 2 + C
( 3 + cos 2x )
1
or + C
4 ( 3 + cos 2x ) 2

2
(g) y = ex
dy 2
⇒ dx = ex × 2x (chain rule)
2 1 x2
∴ ∫ xex dx = 2e + C
(h) y = ( 1 + sin 2x ) 5
dy
⇒ dx = 5 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 4 × cos 2x × 2 (chain rule)
1
∴ ∫ cos 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) 4 dx = 10 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 5 + C
(i) y = tan3 x
dy
⇒ dx = 3 tan2 x × sec2 x (chain rule)
1
∴ ∫ sec2 x tan2 x dx = 3
3 tan x + C
(j) sec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) = sec2 x + sec2 x tan2 x

∴ ∫ sec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) dx = ∫ ( sec2 x + sec2 x tan2 x ) dx
1
= tan x + 3 tan3 x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise E, Question 2
Question:
(a) ∫ ( x + 1 ) ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 dx
(b) ∫ cosec2 2x cot 2x dx
(c) ∫ sin5 3x cos 3x dx
(d) ∫ cos x esin x dx
e2x
(e) ∫ dx
e2x + 3
3
(f) ∫ x ( x2 +1) 2 dx
(g) ∫ ( 2x + 1 ) \ x2 + x + 5 dx
2x + 1
(h) ∫ dx
\ x2 + x + 5
sin x cos x
(i) ∫ \ cos 2x + 3
dx
sin x cos x
(j) ∫ cos 2x + 3
dx
Solution:
(a) y = ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 5
dy  
⇒ = 5 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 × 2x + 2
dx  
= 5 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 × 2 ( x + 1 )
  1
∴ ∫ x+1 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 4 dx = 10 ( x2 + 2x + 3 ) 5 + C
 

(b) y = cot2 2x
dy  
⇒ = 2 cot 2x × − cosec2 2x ×2
dx  
= − 4 cosec2 2x cot 2x
1
∴ ∫ cosec2 2x cot 2x dx = − 4 cot2 2x + C
(c) y = sin6 3x
dy
⇒ dx = 6 sin5 3x × cos 3x × 3
1
∴ ∫ sin5 3x cos 3x dx = 18 sin6 3x + C
(d) y = esin x
dy
⇒ dx = esin x × cos x
∴ ∫ cos x esin x dx = esin x + C
(e) y = ln | e2x + 3 |
dy 1
⇒ dx = × e2x × 2
e2x +3
e2x 1
∴ ∫ dx = ln | e2x + 3 | + C
e2x + 3 2
5
(f) y = ( x2 +1) 2
dy 5 3 3
⇒ dx = 2 ( x2 +1) 2 × 2x = 5x ( x2 +1) 2
3 1 5
∴ ∫x( x2 +1) 2 dx = 5 ( x2 +1) 2 + C
3
(g) y = ( x2 +x+5) 2
1
dy 3  
⇒ = ( x2 + x + 5 ) 2 × 2x + 1
dx 2  
3
  2
∴ ∫ 2x + 1 \ x2 + x + 5 dx = 3 ( x2 + x + 5 ) 2 + C
 
1
(h) y = ( x2 +x+5) 2

1
dy 1  
⇒ = ( x2 + x + 5 ) − 2 × 2x + 1
dx 2  
1 ( 2x + 1 )
= 2 \ x2 + x + 5
1
2x + 1
∴ ∫ dx = 2 ( x2 +x+5) 2 + C
\ x2 + x + 5
1
(i) y = ( cos 2x + 3 ) 2
1
dy 1  
⇒ = ( cos 2x + 3 ) − 2 × − sin 2x ×2
dx 2  
sin 2x
= − \ cos 2x + 3
2 sin x cos x
= − \ cos 2x + 3
sin x cos x 1 1
∴ ∫ \ cos 2x + 3 dx = − 2 ( cos 2x + 3 ) 2 + C
(j) y = ln | cos 2x + 3 |
dy 1  
⇒ = × − sin 2x ×2
dx cos 2x + 3  
2 sin 2x
= − cos 2x + 3
4 sin x cos x
= − cos 2x + 3
sin x cos x 1
∴ ∫ cos 2x + 3 dx = − 4 ln | cos 2x + 3 | + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise F, Question 1
Question:
Use the given substitution to find the following integrals:
(a) ∫ x\ 1 + x dx; u = 1 + x
x
(b) ∫ \1+x
dx; u = 1 + x
1 + sin x
(c) ∫ cos x
dx; u = sin x
(d) ∫ x ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx; u = 3 + 2x
(e) ∫ sin3 x dx; u = cos x

Solution:
(a) u = 1 + x ⇒ du = dx and x = u − 1
1 1
∴ ∫x(1+x) 2 dx = ∫ ( u − 1 ) u 2 du
3 1
= ∫ (u 2 −u 2 ) du
2 5 2 3
= 5u
2 − 3u
2 + C
2 5 2 3
= 5 (1+x) 2 − 3 (1+x) 2 + C
3
2    
OR = (1+x) 2 3 1+x −5 + C
15    
3
2  
= (1+x) 2 3x − 2 + C
15  
(b) u = 1 + x ⇒ du = dx and x = u − 1
x u−1
∴ ∫ \1+x dx = ∫ du
1
u 2
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_f_1.h... 3/6/2013

1 1
= ∫ (u 2 −u− 2 ) du
2 3 1
= 3u
2 − 2u 2 + C
2 3 1
= 3 (1+x) 2 −2(1+x) 2 + C
1
2  
OR = (1+x) 2 1+x−3 + C
3  
1
2  
= (1+x) 2 x−2 + C
3  
du du
(c) u = sin x ⇒ dx = cos x ⇒ dx = cos x
1 + sin x 1 + u du
∴ ∫ cos x dx = ∫ cos x cos x
1+u
= ∫ du
1 − sin2 x
1+u
= ∫ du
1 − u2
(1+u)
= ∫ (1−u) (1+u) du
1
= ∫ 1−u du
= − ln | 1 − u | + C
= − ln | 1 − sin x | + C
u−3
(d) u = 3 + 2x ⇒ du = 2 dx and x = 2
u − 3 5 du
∴ ∫ x ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx = ∫ 2 u 2
6 3u5 
 u
= ∫ − 4 du
 4 
u7 3u6
= 28 − 24 + C
u7 u6
= 28 − 8 + C
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 6
= 28 − 8 + C

(e) u = cos x ⇒ du = − sin x dx

∴ ∫ sin3 x dx = ∫ − ( 1 − u2 ) du
= ∫ ( u2 − 1 ) du
u3
= 3 −u+ C
cos3 x
= 3 − cos x + C
cos x  
OR = cos2 x − 3 + C
3  

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Use the given substitution to find the following integrals:
(a) ∫ x\ 2 + x dx; u2 = 2 + x
2
(b) ∫ √x(x−4)
dx; u = √ x
(c) ∫ sec2 x tan x\ 1 + tan x dx; u2 = 1 + tan x
\ x2 + 4
(d) ∫ x dx; u2 = x2 + 4
(e) ∫ sec4 x dx; u = tan x

Solution:
(a) u2 = 2 + x ⇒ 2u du = dx and x = u2 − 2
∴ ∫ x\ 2 + x dx = ∫ ( u2 − 2 ) × u × 2u du
= ∫ ( 2u4 − 4u2 ) du
2u5 4u3
= 5 − 3 + C
2 5 4 3
= 5 (2+x) 2 − 3 (2+x) 2 + C
1 du 1 − 1 dx
(b) u = x 2 ⇒ dx = 2x
2 ⇒ √x = 2 du
and x − 4 = u2 − 4
2 2 4
∴I= ∫ √x(x−4) dx = ∫ × 2 du = ∫ du
u2 − 4 u2 − 4
4 A B
= u−2 + u+2
u2 − 4
⇒ 4=A(u+2) +B(u−2)
u=2 ⇒ 4 = 4A ⇒ A=1

u= −2 ⇒ 4 = − 4B ⇒ B= −1
 1 1 
∴I= ∫ − du
 u − 2 u + 2 
= ln | u − 2 | − ln | u + 2 | + C
 √x−2 
= ln + C
 √x+2 
(c) u2 = 1 + tan x ⇒ 2u du = sec2 x dx

∴ ∫ sec2 x tan x\ 1 + tan x dx
= ∫ ( u2 − 1 ) × u × 2u du
= ∫ ( 2u4 − 2u2 ) du
2u5 2u3
= 5 − 3 + C
2 5 2 3
= 5 ( 1 + tan x ) 2 − 3 ( 1 + tan x ) 2 + C
udu
(d) u2 = x2 + 4 ⇒ 2u du = 2x dx ⇒ x = dx
\ x2 + 4 u udu
∴ ∫ x dx = ∫ x × x
u2
= ∫ du
x2
u2
= ∫ du
u2 − 4
4 4 A B
= ∫ (1+ ) du but ≡ +
u2 −4 u2 −4 u+2 u+2
4 ≡A(u+2) +B(u−2)
u=2: 4 = 4A , A = 1
u = − 2 : 4 = − 4B , B = − 1
 1 1 
= ∫ 1 + u − 2 − u + 2 du
 
= u + ln | u − 2 | − ln | u + 2 | + C
2
 \x +4−2 
=\ x2 + 4 + ln + C
 \ x2 + 4 + 2 
(e) u = tan x ⇒ du = sec2 x dx

∴ ∫ sec4 x dx = ∫ sec2 x sec2 x dx

= ∫ ( 1 + u2 ) du
u3
=u+ 3 + C
tan3 x
= tan x + 3 + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Evaluate the following:
(a) ∫ 05x\ x + 4 dx
π
(b) ∫ 0 3 sec x tan x\ sec x + 2 dx
1
(c) ∫ 25 1+\x−1
dx; use u2 = x − 1
π
sin 2θ
(d) ∫ 0 2
1 + cos θ
dθ; let u = 1 + cos θ
(e) ∫ 01x ( 2 + x ) 3 dx
1
(f) ∫ 14 √ x ( 4x − 1 )
dx; let u= √x
Solution:
(a) u2 = x + 4 ⇒ 2u du = dx and x = u2 − 4
Also u = 3 when x = 5
and u = 2 when x = 0.
∴ ∫ 05x\ x + 4 dx = ∫ 23 ( u2 − 4 ) × u × 2u du
= ∫ 23 ( 2u4 − 8u2 ) du
 2 5 8 3  3
= u − 3u  2
 5
 2 8   64 64 
= × 243 − × 27 − −
 5 3   5 3 
= 25.2 − − 8.53
= 33.73
= 33.7 (3 s.f.)
(b) u2 = sec x + 2 ⇒ 2u du = sec x tan x dx

π
and u = √ 3 when x = 0.
π
∴ ∫ 0 3 sec x tan x\ sec x + 2 dx = ∫ √ 32u × 2u du
= ∫ √ 322u2 du
 2 3  2
= u
 3  √3
 16   2 
= − ×3√3
 3   3 
16
= 3 −2√3
(c) u2 = x − 1 ⇒ 2u du = dx
1 1
∴ ∫ 25 1 + \ x − 1 dx = ∫ 12 1+u × 2u du
2u
= ∫ 12 u + 1 du
 2 
= ∫ 12 2 − u + 1 du
 
= [ 2u − 2 ln | u + 1 | ] 12
= ( 4 − 2 ln 3 ) − ( 2 − 2 ln 2 )
2
= 2 + 2 ln 3
(d) u = 1 + cos θ ⇒ du = − sin θ dθ or − du = sin θ dθ

π
Also u = 1 when θ = 2
and u = 2 when θ = 0.
π sin 2θ π 2 sin θ cos θ 2(u−1)
∴ I = ∫ 0 2 1 + cos θ dθ = ∫ 0 2
1 + cos θ dθ = ∫ 21 − u du
Use ‘ − ’ to reverse limits:
2u − 2
I = ∫ 12 u du
 2 
= ∫ 12 2 − u du
 
= [ 2u − 2 ln | u | ] 12

= ( 4 − 2 ln 2 ) − ( 2 − 2 ln 1 )
= 2 − 2 ln 2
(e) u = 2 + x ⇒ du = dx and x = u − 2
∴ ∫ 01x ( 2 + x ) 3 dx = ∫ 23 ( u − 2 ) u3 du
= ∫ 23 ( u4 − 2u3 ) du
5
 u 2 4  3
= − 4u  2
 5
 243 81   32 16 
= − 2  − −
 5  5 2 
211
= 5 − 32.5
= 42.2 − 32.5
= 9.7
1 1 − 1 dx
(f) u = x 2 ⇒ du = 2x
2 dx ⇒ √x = 2 du
and 4x − 1 = 4u2 − 1
1 1
∴ I = ∫ 14 √ x ( 4x − 1 ) dx = ∫ 12 × 2 du
4u2 −1
2 A B
= 2u − 1 + 2u + 1
4u2 − 1
⇒ 2 = A ( 2u + 1 ) + B ( 2u − 1 )
1
u= 2 ⇒ 2 = 2A ⇒ A=1
1
u= − 2 ⇒ 2 = − 2B ⇒ B= −1
 1 1 
∴ I = ∫ 12 − du
 2u − 1 2u + 1 
 1 1  2
= ln | 2u − 1 | − ln | 2u + 1 |
 2 2  1
 1  2u − 1   2
= ln
 2  2u + 1   1

 1  3    1  1  
= ln − ln
 2  5    2  3  
1 9
= 2 ln 5

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise G, Question 1
Question:
(a) ∫ x sin x dx
(b) ∫ xex dx
(c) ∫ x sec2 x dx
(d) ∫ x sec x tan x dx
x
(e) ∫ dx
sin2 x
Solution:
du
(a) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = sin x ⇒ v = − cos x
∴ ∫ x sin x dx = − x cos x − ∫ − cos x × 1 dx
= − x cos x + ∫ cos x dx
= − x cos x + sin x + C
du
(b) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = ex ⇒ v = ex
∴ ∫ xex dx = xex − ∫ ex × 1 dx
= xex − ex + C
du
(c) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = sec2 x ⇒ v = tan x
∴ ∫ x sec2 x dx = x tan x − ∫ tan x × 1 dx
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_g_1.h... 3/6/2013

= x tan x − ln | sec x | + C
du
(d) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = sec x tan x ⇒ v = sec x
∴ ∫ x sec x tan x dx = x sec x − ∫ sec x × 1 dx
= x sec x − ln | sec x + tan x | + C
du
(e) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = cosec2 x ⇒ v = − cot x
x
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ x cosec2 x dx
sin2 x
= − x cot x − ∫ − cot x × 1 dx
= − x cot x + ∫ cot x dx
= − x cot x + ln | sin x | + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) ∫ x2 ln x dx
(b) ∫ 3 ln x dx
ln x
(c) ∫ dx
x3
(d) ∫ ( ln x ) 2 dx
(e) ∫ ( x2 + 1 ) ln x dx
Solution:
du 1
(a) u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 ⇒ v= 3
x3 x3 1
∴ ∫ x2 ln x dx = 3 ln x − ∫ 3 × x dx
x3 x2
= 3 ln x − ∫ 3 dx
x3 x3
= 3 ln x − 9 + C
du 1
(b) u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv
dx =3 ⇒ v = 3x
1
∴ ∫ 3 ln x dx = 3x ln x − ∫ 3x × x dx
= 3x ln x − ∫ 3 dx
= 3x ln x − 3x + C

du 1
(c) u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv x−2
dx = x−3 ⇒ v= −2
ln x 1 1 1
∴ ∫ dx = − ln x − ∫ − × x dx
x3 2x 2 2x2
ln x 1 −3
= − + ∫ 2x dx
2x2
ln x x−2
= − + 2× ( −2) + C
2x2
ln x 1
= − − + C
2x2 4x2
du 1
(d) u = ( ln x ) 2 ⇒ dx = 2 ln x × x
dv
dx =1 ⇒ v=x
1
∴ I = ∫ ( ln x ) 2 dx = x ( ln x ) 2 − ∫ x × 2 ln x × x dx
= x ( ln x ) 2 − ∫ 2 ln x dx
Let J = ∫ 2 ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv
dx =2 ⇒ v = 2x
1
∴ J = 2x ln x − ∫ 2x × x dx = 2x ln x − 2x + C
∴ I = x ( ln x ) 2 − 2x ln x + 2x + C
du 1
(e) u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 +1 ⇒ v= 3 +x
3 3
 2   x   x  1
∴ ∫ x +1 ln x dx = ln x +x − ∫ + x × x dx
   3   3 
3 2
 x   x 
= + x ln x − ∫ + 1 dx
 3   3 

3 x3
 x 
= + x ln x − 9 − x + C
 3 

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) ∫ x2e − x dx
(b) ∫ x2 cos x dx
(c) ∫ 12x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx
(d) ∫ 2x2 sin 2x dx
(e) ∫ x22 sec2 x tan x dx

Solution:
du
(a) u = x2 ⇒ dx = 2x
dv
dx =e−x ⇒ v= −e−x
∴ I = ∫ x2e − x dx = − x2e − x − ∫ − e − x × 2x dx
= − x2e − x + ∫ 2xe − x dx
Let J = ∫ 2xe − x dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
dv
∴ J = − e − x 2x − ∫ ( − e − x ) × 2 dx
= − 2xe − x + ∫ 2e − x dx
= − 2xe − x − 2e − x + C
∴ I = − x2e − x − 2xe − x − 2e − x + C′
du
(b) u = x2 ⇒ dx = 2x
dv
dx = cos x ⇒ v = sin x

∴ I = ∫ x2 cos x dx = x2 sin x − ∫ 2x sin x dx

Let J = ∫ 2x sin x dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
dv
∴ J = − 2x cos x − ∫ ( − cos x ) × 2 dx
= − 2x cos x + ∫ 2 cos x dx
= − 2x cos x + 2 sin x + C
∴ I = x2 sin x + 2x cos x − 2 sin x + C′
du
(c) u = 12x2 ⇒ dx = 24x
dv ( 3 + 2x ) 6
dx = ( 3 + 2x ) 5 ⇒ v= 12
( 3 + 2x ) 6 ( 3 + 2x ) 6
∴I= ∫ 12x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 5 dx = 12x2 12 − ∫ 24x 12 dx
= x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 6 − ∫ 2x ( 3 + 2x ) 6 dx
Let J = ∫ 2x ( 3 + 2x ) 6 dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
( 3 + 2x ) 7 dv
v= 14 ⇒ dx = ( 3 + 2x ) 6
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 7
∴ J = 2x 14 − ∫ 14 × 2 dx
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 7
=x 7 − ∫ 7 dx
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 8
=x 7 − 7 × 16 + C
( 3 + 2x ) 7 ( 3 + 2x ) 8
∴ I = x2 ( 3 + 2x ) 6 − x 7 + 112 + C′
du
(d) u = 2x2 ⇒ dx = 4x
dv 1
dx = sin 2x ⇒ v= − 2 cos 2x

2x2  1 
∴I= ∫ 2x2 sin 2x dx = − cos 2x − ∫ − 2 cos 2x × 4x dx
2  
= − x2 cos 2x + ∫ 2x cos 2x dx
Let J = ∫ 2x cos 2x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx = 2 cos 2x ⇒ v = sin 2x
∴ J = x sin 2x − ∫ sin 2x dx
1
= x sin 2x + 2 cos 2x + C
1
∴ I = − x2 cos 2x + x sin 2x + 2 cos 2x + C′
du
(e) u = x2 ⇒ dx = 2x
dv
dx = 2 sec x sec x tan x ⇒ v = sec2 x
∴ I = ∫ x2 × 2 sec2 x tan x dx = x2 sec2 x − ∫ 2x sec2 x dx

Let J = ∫ 2x sec2 x dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
dv
∴ J = 2x tan x − ∫ 2 tan x dx
= 2x tan x − 2 ln | sec x | + C
∴ I = x2 sec2 x − 2x tan x + 2 ln | sec x | + C′

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Evaluate the following:
(a) ∫ 0ln 2xe2x dx
π
(b) ∫ 0 2 x sin x dx
π
(c) ∫ 0 2 x cos x dx
ln x
(d) ∫ 12 dx
x2
(e) ∫ 014x ( 1 + x ) 3 dx
 1 
(f) ∫ 0πx cos x dx
 4 
π
(g) ∫ 0 3 sin x ln | sec x | dx
Solution:
du
(a) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv 1 2x
dx = e2x ⇒ v= 2e
 1 2x  ln 2 ln 2 1 e2x dx
∴ ∫ 0ln 2xe2x dx = e × x − ∫
 2  0 0 2
 1 2 ln 2     1 2x  ln 2
= e ln 2 − 0 − e
 2     4  0
4   1 2 ln 2   1 0  
= ln 2 − e − e
2   4   4  
4 1
= 2 ln 2 − 4 + 4

3
= 2 ln 2 − 4
du
(b) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
π π π
 
∴ ∫ 0 2 x sin x dx = [ − x cos x ] 0 2 − ∫0 2 − cos x dx
 
π
 π π   
= − 2 cos 2 − 0 + ∫0 2 cos x dx
   
π
= 0 + [ sin x ] 0 2
 π   
= sin 2 − sin 0
   
=1
du
(c) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
π π π
∴ ∫ 0 2 x cos x dx = [ x sin x ] 0 2 − ∫ 0 2 sin x dx
π
 π π   
= sin 2  − 0 − [ − cos x ] 0 2
 2  
π  π   
= + cos 2 − cos 0
2    
π
= 2 −1
du 1
(d) u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv
dx =x−2 ⇒ v= −x−1
ln x  ln x  2 2 1 ×  
∴ ∫ 12 dx = − x − ∫ −x−1 dx
x2   1 1 x  
 ln 2   ln 1  1
= − 2 − − 1 + ∫ 12 2 dx
    x
1
= − 2 ln 2 + [ − x − 1 ] 12

1  1   1 
= − ln 2 + − 2 − − 1
2    
1  
= 1 − ln 2
2  
du
(e) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv
dx =4(1+x) 3 ⇒ v= (1+x) 4
∴ ∫ 014x ( 1 + x ) 3 dx = [ x ( 1 + x ) 4 ] 01 − ∫ 01 ( 1 + x ) 4 dx
5
     (1+x)  1
= 1 × 24 − 0 −
     5  0
5
  2   1  
= 16 − −
  5   5  
31
= 16 − 5
= 16 − 6.2
= 9.8
du
(f) u = x ⇒ dx =1
dv  1   1 
= cos x ⇒ v = 4 sin x
dx  4   4 
 1   x   1 
∴ ∫ 0πx cos 4x dx = 4x sin 4 0π − ∫ 0π4 sin x dx
     4 
 π     1 
= 4π sin 4 − 0 + 16 cos 4 x 0π
     
4π  π   
= √2 + 16 cos 4 − 16 cos 0
   
4π 16
= √2 + √2 − 16
4π √ 2 16 √ 2
OR = 2 + 2 − 16
= 2π √ 2 + 8 √ 2 − 16
du
(g) u = ln | sec x | ⇒ dx = tan x
dv

π π

∴ ∫ 0 3 sin x ln | sec x | dx = − cos x ln | sec x | ] 0 3 + ∫0

π
3 cos x tan x dx
 π  π      
= − cos 3 ln sec 3 − − cos 0 ln sec 0 + ∫0
       
π
3 sin x dx
π
1 
= − ln 2 + 0 + − cos x ] 0 3
2 
1  1   
= − ln 2 + − 2 − −1
2    
1  
= 1 − ln 2
2  

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise H, Question 1
Question:
Use the trapezium rule with n strips to estimate the following:
(a) ∫ 03ln ( 1 + x2 ) dx ; n = 6
π
(b) ∫ 0 3 \ ( 1 + tan x ) dx; n = 4
1
(c) ∫ 02 dx; n = 4
\ ( ex + 1 )
(d) ∫ − 11cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) dx ; n = 4
(e) ∫ 0.11.1\ cot x dx; n = 5
Solution:
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

(a)
ln ( 1 + x2 ) 0 0.223 0.693 1.179 1.609 1.981 2.303
I = ∫ 03ln ( 1 + x2 ) dx
1  
∴I≈ × 0.5 0 + 2.303 + 2
2  
 
0.223 + 0.693 + 1.179 + 1.609 + 1.981
 
1  
= 13.673
4  
= 3.41825
= 3.42 (3 s.f.)
π 2π 3π π
x 0
(b) 12 12 12 3
\ 1 + tan x 1 1.126 1.256 1.414 1.653
π
I = ∫ 0 3 \ 1 + tan x dx
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_h_1.h... 3/6/2013

1 π    
∴I− × 1 + 1.653 + 2 1.126 + 1.256 + 1.414
2 12    
π  
= 10.245
24  
= 1.3410...
= 1.34 (3 s.f.)
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
(c) 1
0.707 0.614 0.519 0.427 0.345
\ ex +1
1
I = ∫ 02 dx
\ ex + 1
~
1    
∴I− × 0.5 0.707 + 0.345 + 2 0.614 + 0.519 + 0.427
2    
1  
= 4.172
4  
= 1.043
= 1.04 (3 s.f.)
x − 1 − 0.5 0 0.5 1
(d)
cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) 1.209 1.110 1.412 1.110 1.209
I = ∫ − 11cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) dx
~
1    
∴I− × 0.5 1.209 × 2 + 2 1.110 + 1.412 + 1.110
2    
1  
= 9.682
4  
= 2.42 (3 s.f.)
x 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1

(e) \ cot x 3.157 1.798 1.353 1.090 0.891 0.713
I = ∫ 0.11.1\ cot x dx
~
1   
∴I− × 0.2 3.157 + 0.713 + 2 1.798 + 1.353 + 1.090 + 0.891
2   


1  
= 14.134
10  

= 1.41 (3 s.f.)

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find the exact value of I = ∫ 14x ln x dx.
(b) Find approximate values for I using the trapezium rule with
(i) 3 strips
(ii) 6 strips
(c) Compare the percentage error for these two approximations.

Solution:
(a) I = ∫ 14x ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv 1 2
dx =x ⇒ v= 2x
 1 2  4 4 1 x2 × 1 dx
∴I= x ln x − ∫
 2  1 1 2 x
2
 x  4
= 8 ln 4 −
 4  1
 1 
= 8 ln 4 − 4− 4
 
15
= 8 ln 4 − 4
(b) (i)
x 12 3 4
x ln x 0 1.386 3.296 5.545
1    
I≈ ×1 5.545 + 2 1.386 + 3.296
2    
1  
= 14.909 = 7.4545 = 7.45 (3 s.f.)
2  
(ii)

x 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

x ln x 0 0.608 1.386 2.291 3.296 4.385 5.545
1    
I≈ × 0.5 5.545 + 2 0.608 + 1.386 + 2.291 + 3.296 + 4.385
2    
1  
= 29.477 = 7.36925 = 7.37 (3 s.f.)
4  
[ 7.4545 − ( 8 ln 4 − 3.75 ) ] × 100

(c) % error using 3 strips: 8 ln 4 − 3.75 = 1.6 % 1 d.p.
[ 7.376925 − ( 8 ln 4 − 3.75 ) ] × 100
% error using 6 strips: 8 ln 4 − 3.75 = 0.4 % 1 d.p.

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find an approximate value for I = ∫ 01ex tan x dx using

(i) 2 strips
(ii) 4 strips
(ii) 8 strips.
(b) Suggest a possible value for I.

Solution:
(a) (i)
x 0 0.5 1
ex tan x 0 0.901 4.233
~
1   1  
I− × 0.5 0 + 4.233 + 2 × 0.901 = 4 6.035 = 1.509
2    
(ii)
x 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

ex tan x 0 0.328 0.901 1.972 4.233
~
1    
I− × 0.25 4.233 + 2 0.328 + 0.901 + 1.972
2    
1  
= 10.635 = 1.329
8  
(iii)
x 0 0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1

ex tan x 0 0.142 0.328 0.573 0.901 1.348 1.972 2.872 4.233
1 1  
~
I− ×  4.233 + 2 
2 8
 
 
0.142 + 0.328 + 0.573 + 0.901 + 1.348 + 1.972 + 2.872  
 

1  
= 20.505 = 1.282
16  
1
(b) Halving h reduces differences by about 3 :
So an answer in the range 1.25 – 1.27 seems likely.

(Note: Calculator gives 1.265)

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find the exact value of I = ∫ 02x\ ( 2 − x ) dx.
(b) Find an approximate value for I using the trapezium rule with
(i) 4 and
(ii) 6 strips.
(c) Compare the percentage error for these two approximations.

Solution:
(a) u2 = 2 − x ⇒ 2u du = − dx and x = 2 − u2
and u = √ 2 when x = 0.
∴ I = ∫ √ 20 ( 2 − u2 ) u × ( − 2u ) du
= ∫ 0 √ 2 ( 2 − u2 ) 2u2 du
= ∫ 0 √ 2 ( 4u2 − 2u4 ) du
3 2u5  √ 2
 4u
= − 5
 3  0
 4×2√2 2×4√2   
= − − 0
 3 5   
16 √ 2
= 15
(b) (i)
x 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
x\ 2 − x 0 0.612 1 1.061 0
~
1    
I− × 0.5 0 + 2 0.612 + 1 + 1.061
2    
1  
= 5.346 = 1.3365 = 1.34 (2 d.p.)
4  
(ii)

1 2 4 5
x 0 1 2
3 3 3 3
x\ 2 − x 0 0.430 0.770 1 1.089 0.962 0
~
1 1    
I− × 0 + 2 0.430 + 0.770 + 1 + 1.089 + 0.962
2 3    
1  
= 8.502 = 1.417 = 1.42 (2 d.p.)
6  
16
√ 2 − 1.3365
15
(c) (i) % error with 4 strips = 16
× 100 = 11.4 %
√2
15
16 √ 2
− 1.417
15
(ii) % error with 6 strips = 16
× 100 = 6.1 %
√2
15

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise I, Question 1
Question:
The region R is bounded by the curve with equation y = f ( x ) , the x-axis and
the lines x = a and x = b. In each of the following cases find the exact value of:
(i) the area of R,
(ii) the volume of the solid of revolution formed by rotating R through 2π
radians about the x-axis.
  2
(a) f x = 1 + x ; a = 0, b = 1
 
π
(b) f ( x ) = sec x ; a = 0, b = 3
(c) f ( x ) = ln x ; a = 1, b = 2
π
(d) f ( x ) = sec x tan x ; a = 0, b = 4
(e) f ( x ) = x\ 4 − x2 ; a = 0, b = 2
Solution:
2    
(a) (i) Area = ∫ 01 dx = 2 ln | 1 + x | ] 01 = 2 ln 2 − 2 ln 1
1+x    


∴ Area = 2 ln 2
 2  2
(ii) Volume = π ∫ 01 dx
 1+x 
4
= π ∫ 01 dx
(1+x) 2
−1
 (1+x)  1
=π 4
 −1  0
 4  1
=π − 1+x
  0
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_i_1.h... 3/6/2013

  4   4  
=π − 2 − − 1
     
= 2π
π
(b) (i) Area = ∫ 0 3 sec x dx
π

= ln | sec x + tan x | ] 0 3

= [ ln ( 2 + √ 3 ) ] − [ ln ( 1 ) ]
∴ Area = ln ( 2 + √ 3 )
π
(ii) Volume = π ∫ 0 3 sec2 x dx
π

= π tan x ] 0 3

=π[ ( √3) − (0) ]
= √ 3π
(c) (i) Area = ∫ 12ln x dx

du 1
u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv
dx =1 ⇒ v=x
 1
∴ Area = x ln x ] 12 − ∫ 12x × x dx

= ( 2 ln 2 ) − ( 0 ) − [ x ] 12
= 2 ln 2 − 1
(ii) Volume = π ∫ 12 ( ln x ) 2 dx

du 1
u = ( ln x ) 2 ⇒ dx = 2 ln x × x
dv
dx =1 ⇒ v=x
 
 2 2 2 1
∴V=π  x ( ln x ) ] 1 − 2 ∫ 1 x × ln x × x dx 

 
= π { [ 2 ( ln 2 ) 2 ] − ( 0 ) { − 2π ∫ 12ln x dx
But ∫ 12ln x dx = 2 ln 2 − 1 from (i)
∴ V = 2π ( ln 2 ) 2 − 2π ( 2 ln 2 − 1 )
π
(d) (i) Area = ∫ 0 4 sec x tan x dx
π

= sec x ] 0 4

= ( √2) − (1)
∴ Area = √ 2 − 1
π
(ii) Volume = π ∫ 0 4 sec2 x tan2 x dx
3 π
 tan x 
=π 4
 3  0
3
  1    
=π − 0
  3    
π
= 3
(e) (i) Area = ∫ 02x\ 4 − x2 dx

3
Let y = ( 4 − x2 ) 2
1 1
dy 3  
⇒ = (4− x2 ) 2 × − 2x = − 3x ( 4 − x2 ) 2
dx 2  
3
 1  2    1 
∴ Area = − 3 ( 4 − x2 ) 2 = 0 − − 3 × 23 =
  0    
8
3
(ii) Volume = π ∫ 02x2 ( 4 − x2 ) dx

= π ∫ 02 ( 4x2 − x4 ) dx
 4 3 x5  2
=π x − 5
 3  0
  32 32    
=π − 5  − 0
  3   
64π
= 15

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find the exact area between the curve y = f ( x ) , the x-axis and the lines x = a
and x = b where:
  4x + 3
(a) f x = ; a = 1, b = 2
  ( x + 2 ) ( 2x − 1 )
  x
(b) f x = ; a = 0, b = 2
  (x+1) 2
π
(c) f ( x ) = x sin x ; a = 0, b = 2
π
(d) f ( x ) = cos x\ 2 sin x + 1 ; a = 0, b = 6
(e) f ( x ) = xe − x ; a = 0, b = ln 2
Solution:
4x + 3 A B
(a) ( x + 2 ) ( 2x − 1 ) ≡ x+2 + 2x − 1
⇒ 4x + 3 ≡ A ( 2x − 1 ) + B ( x + 2 )
1 5
x= 2 ⇒ 5= 2B ⇒ B=2
x= −2 ⇒ − 5 = − 5A ⇒ A=1
4x + 3
∴ area = ∫ 12 ( x + 2 ) ( 2x − 1 ) dx
 1 2 
= ∫ 12 + 2x − 1 dx
 x+2 
= [ ln | x + 2 | + ln | 2x − 1 | ] 12
= ( ln 4 + ln 3 ) − ( ln 3 + ln 1 )
= ln 4 or 2 ln 2
x A B
(b) ≡ + x+1
(x+1) 2 (x+1) 2

⇒ x≡A+B(x+1)
Compare coefficient of x: 1=B ⇒ B=1
Compare constants: 0=A+B ⇒ A= −1
x
∴ area = ∫ 02 dx
(x+1) 2
 1 1 
= ∫ 02 − dx
 x+1 (x+1) 2 
 1 
= ln | x + 1 | + x + 1 02
 
 1   
= ln 3 + 3 − ln 1 + 1
   
2
= ln 3 − 3
π
(c) Area = ∫ 0 2 x sin x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
π π
  
∴ area = − x cos x ] 0 2 − ∫0 2 − cos x dx
  
π
 π π   
= − 2 cos 2 − 0 + ∫0 2 cos x dx
   
π

=0+ sin x ] 0 2

 π 
= sin 2 − 0
 
=1
π
(d) Area = ∫ 0 6 cos x\ 2 sin x + 1 dx
3
Let y = ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2
dy 3 1 1
⇒ dx = 2 ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2 × 2 cos x = 3 cos x ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2
3 π
 1 
∴ area = ( 2 sin x + 1 ) 2 6
 3  0

3 3
 1   1 
= 2 2 − 1 2
 3   3 
2√2 1
= 3 − 3
2√2−1
= 3
(e) Area = ∫ 0ln 2xe − x dx

du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
∴ area = [ − xe − x ] 0ln 2 − ∫ 0ln 2 ( − e − x ) dx

= ( − ln 2 × e − ln 2 ) − ( 0 ) + ∫ 0ln 2 e − x dx
1 
= − ln 2 × + − e − x ] 0ln 2
2 
1    
= − ln 2 + − e − ln 2 − −e−0
2    
1 1
= − 2 ln 2 − 2 +1
1  
= 1 − ln 2
2  

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The region R is bounded by the curve C, the x-axis and the lines x = − 8 and x = + 8.
The parametric equations for C are x = t3 and y = t2. Find:
(a) the area of R,
(b) the volume of the solid of revolution formed when R is rotated through 2π radians
about the x-axis.
Solution:
(a) Area = ∫ x = − 8x = 8y dx
x = t3 ⇒ dx = 3t2 dt
Also t = 2 when x = 8
and t = − 2 when x = − 8.
∴ area = ∫ − 22t2 × 3t2 dt
= ∫ − 223t4 dt
5
 3t  2
=
 5  − 2
 96   96 
= − − 5
 5   
192
= 5
(b) V = π ∫ x = − 8x = 8y2 dx
= π ∫ − 22t4 × 3t2 dt
= π ∫ − 223t6 dt
7
 3t  2
=π
 7  −2
  3 × 128   − 3 × 128  
=π −
  7   7  
768
= 7 π

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
π
The curve C has parametric equations x = sin t, y = sin 2t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
.
(a) Find the area of the region bounded by C and the x-axis.
If this region is revolved through 2π radians about the x-axis,
(b) find the volume of the solid formed.

Solution:
π
(a) Area = ∫ t= 2 y dx
t=0
x = sin t ⇒ dx = cos t dt
π
∴ area = ∫ 0 2 sin 2t × cos t dt
π
= ∫ 0 2 2 cos2 t sin t dt
π
 2 
= − 3 cos3 t 0 2
 
   2 
= 0 − − 3
   
2
= 3
π
(b) V = π ∫ t= 2 y2 dx
t=0
π
= ∫0 2 sin2 2t cos t dt
π
= π ∫ 0 2 4 cos3 t sin t × sin t dt
du
u = sin t ⇒ dt = cos t
dv
dt = 4 cos3 t sin t ⇒ v = − cos4 t

 π π 

∴V=π  − sin t cos4 t ] 0 2 − ∫0 2 − cos5 t dt 

 
π
=π∫0 2 cos5 t dt
π
= π ∫ 0 2 ( cos2 t ) 2 × cos t dt Let y = sin t ⇒ dy = cos t dt
= π ∫ 01 ( 1 − y2 ) 2 dy
= π ∫ 01 ( 1 − 2y2 + y4 ) dy
5
 2 y  1
= π y − 3 y3 + 5
  0
 2 1   
=π 1− 3 + 5 − 0
   
8π
= 15

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise J, Question 1
Question:
Find general solutions of the following differential equations. Leave your

answer in the form y = f ( x ) .
dy    
(a) = 1+y 1 − 2x
dx    
dy
(b) dx
= y tan x
dy
(c) cos2 x dx
= y2 sin2 x
dy
(d) dx
= 2ex − y
dy
(e) x2 dx
= y + xy
Solution:
dy    
(a) = 1+y 1 − 2x
dx    
1  
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ 1 − 2x dx
1+y  
⇒ ln | 1 + y | = x − x2 + C
2
⇒ 1+y=e(x−x + C)
2
⇒ 1 + y = A ex − x , ( A = eC )
2
⇒ y = A ex − x − 1
dy
(b) dx = y tan x
1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ tan x dx
⇒ ln | y | = ln | sec x | + C
⇒ ln | y | = ln | k sec x | , ( C = ln k )
⇒ y = k sec x
dy
(c) cos2 x dx = y2 sin2 x
1 sin2 x
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ dx
y2 cos2 x
1  
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ tan2 x dx = ∫ sec2 x − 1 dx
y 2  
1
⇒ − y = tan x − x + C
−1
⇒ y= tan x − x + C
dy
(d) dx = 2ex − y = 2exe − y
1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ 2ex dx
e−y
i.e. ⇒ ∫ ey dy = ∫ 2ex dx
⇒ ey = 2ex + C
⇒ y = ln ( 2ex + C)
dy  
(e) x2 = y + xy = y 1+x
dx  
1 1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫x−2+ x dx
⇒ ln | y | = − x − 1 + ln | x | + C
1
⇒ ln | y | − ln | x | =C− x
 y  1
⇒ ln =C−
 x  x
y 1
⇒ x = eC − x
1
y −  C 
⇒ = Ae x , e =A
x  
1
⇒ y = Axe − x


Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find a general solution of the following differential equations. (You do not need
to write the answers in the form y = f ( x ) .)
dy
(a) dx
= tan y tan x
dy x cos y
(b) sin y cos x dx
= cos x
  dy  2 
(c) 1 + x2 = x 1 − y
  dx  
dy
(d) cos y sin 2x dx
= cot x cosec y
dy  
(e) ex + y =x 2 + ey
dx  
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = tan y tan x
1
⇒ ∫ tan y dy = ∫ tan x dx
⇒ ∫ cot y dy = ∫ tan x dx
⇒ ln | sin y | = ln | sec x | + C = ln | k sec x | ( ln k = C )
⇒ sin y = k sec x
dy x cos y
(b) sin y cos x dx = cos x
sin y x
⇒ ∫ cos y dy = ∫ dx
cos2 x
⇒ ∫ tan y dy = ∫ x sec2 x dx
⇒ ln | sec y | = ∫ x sec2 x dx
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_j_2.h... 3/6/2013

du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
⇒ ln | sec y | = x tan x − ∫ tan x dx
⇒ ln | sec y | = x tan x − ln | sec x | + C
  dy  2 
(c) 1 + x2 = x 1 − y
  dx  
1 x
⇒ ∫ 2
dy = ∫ dx
1−y 1 + x2
1 A B
≡ 1−y + 1+y
1 − y2
⇒ 1≡A(1+y) +B(1−y)
1
y=1 ⇒ 1 = 2A ⇒ A= 2
1
y= −1 ⇒ 1 = 2B ⇒ B= 2
1 1
 ( 2 ) (
2
)

x
∴ ∫  1−y + 1+y  dy = ∫ dx
1 + x2
 
1 1 1
⇒ 2 ln | 1 + y | − 2 ln | 1 − y | = 2 ln | 1 + x2 | + C
f′ (x)
(using ∫ f(x) dx = ln | f ( x ) | + C)
 1+y 
⇒ ln = ln | 1 + x2 | + 2C
 1−y 
 1+y     
⇒ =k 1 + x2 ln k = 2C
 1−y     
dy
(d) cos y sin 2x dx = cot x cosec y
cos y cot x
⇒ ∫ cosec y dy = ∫ sin 2x dx
cos x
⇒ ∫ sin y cos y dy = ∫ sin x 2 sin x cos x dx

1 1
⇒ ∫ 2 sin 2y dy = ∫ 2 cosec2 x dx
1 1
⇒ − 4 cos 2y = − 2 cot x + C
or cos 2y = 2 cot x + k
dy  
(e) ex + y =x 2 + ey
dx  
dy  
⇒ exey =x 2 + ey
dx  
ey
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ xe − x dx
2 + ey
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
∴ ln | 2 + ey | = − xe − x + ∫ e − x dx
⇒ ln | 2 + ey | = − xe − x − e − x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find general solutions of the following differential equations:

dy
(a) dx
= yex
dy
(b) dx
= xey
dy
(c) dx
= y cos x
dy
(d) dx
= x cos y
dy  
(e) = 1 + cos 2x cos y
dx  
dy  
(f) = 1 + cos 2y cos x
dx  
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = yex
1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ ex dx
⇒ ln | y | = ex + C
dy
(b) dx = xey
1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ x dx
ey
⇒ ∫ e − y dy = ∫ x dx
1 2
⇒ −e−y= 2x + C

dy
(c) dx = y cos x
1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ cos x dx
⇒ ln | y | = sin x + C
or y = Aesin x
dy
(d) dx = x cos y
1
⇒ ∫ cos y dy = ∫ x dx
⇒ ∫ sec y dy = ∫ x dx
x2
⇒ ln | sec y + tan y | = 2 + C
dy  
(e) = 1 + cos 2x cos y
dx  
1  
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ 1 + cos 2x dx
cos y  
⇒ ∫ sec y dy = ∫ ( 1 + cos 2x ) dx
1
⇒ ln | sec y + tan y | =x+ 2 sin 2x + C
dy  
(f) = 1 + cos 2y cos x
dx  
1
⇒ ∫ 1 + cos 2y dy = ∫ cos x dx
1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ cos x dx
2 cos2 y
1
⇒ ∫ 2 sec2 y dy = ∫ cos x dx
1
⇒ 2 tan y = sin x + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find particular solutions of the following differential equations using the given
boundary conditions.
dy π
(a) dx
= sin x cos2 x; y = 0, x = 3
dy π
(b) dx
= sec2 x sec2 y; y = 0, x = 4
dy π
(c) dx
= 2 cos2 y cos2 x; y = 4
,x=0
  dy
(d) 1 − x2 = xy + y ; x = 0.5, y = 6
  dx
  dy 2 ; x = 5, y = 1
(e) 2 1+x = 1 − y
  dx 2
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = sin x cos2 x
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ sin x cos2 x dx
cos3 x
⇒ y= − 3 + C
1
( )
π 8 1
y = 0, x = 3 ⇒ 0= − 3 + C ⇒ C= 24
1 1
∴y= 24 − 3 cos3 x
dy
(b) dx = sec2 x sec2 y

1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ sec2 x dx
sec2 y
⇒ ∫ cos2 y dy = ∫ sec2 x dx
 1 1 
⇒ ∫ + cos 2y dy = ∫ sec2 x dx
 2 2 
1 1
⇒ 2y + 4 sin 2y = tan x + C
or sin 2y + 2y = 4 tan x + k
π
y = 0, x = 4 ⇒ 0=4+ k ⇒ k= −4
∴ sin 2y + 2y = 4 tan x − 4
dy
(c) dx = 2 cos2 y cos2 x
1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ 2 cos2 x dx
cos2 y
⇒ ∫ sec2 y dy = ∫ ( 1 + cos 2x ) dx
1
⇒ tan y = x + 2 sin 2x + C
π
x = 0, y= 4 ⇒ 1=0+ C
1
∴ tan y = x + 2 sin 2x + 1
  dy
(d) 1 − x2 = xy + y
  dx
  dy  
⇒ 1 − x2 = x+1 y
  dx  
1 1+x
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ dx
1 − x2
1 1+x
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ (1−x) (1+x) dx
1 1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ 1−x dx
⇒ ln | y | = − ln | 1 − x | + C
1
x = 0.5, y=6 ⇒ ln 6 = − ln 2 + C ⇒ C = ln 3
∴ ln | y | = ln 3 − ln | 1 − x |

3
or y = 1−x
  dy
(e) 2 1+x = 1 − y2
  dx
2 1
⇒ ∫ 2
dy = ∫ 1+x dx
1−y
2 A B
≡ 1−y + 1+y
1 − y2
⇒ 2≡A(1+y) +B(1−y)
y=1 ⇒ 2 = 2A ⇒ A=1
y= −1 ⇒ 2 = 2B ⇒ B=1
 1 1  1
∴ ∫ + dy = ∫ 1 + x dx
 1+y 1−y 
⇒ ln | 1 + y | − ln | 1 − y | = ln | 1 + x | + C
 1+y   
⇒ ln = ln | k ( 1 + x ) | C = ln k
 1−y   
1+y  
⇒ =k 1+x
1−y  
3
1 2 1
x = 5, y = 2 ⇒ 1
= 6k ⇒ k= 2
2
1+y 1+x
∴ 1−y = 2

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise K, Question 1
Question:
The size of a certain population at time t is given by P. The rate of increase of P

dP
is given by dt
= 2P. Given that at time t = 0, the population was 3, find the
population at time t = 2.
Solution:
dP
dt = 2P
1
⇒ ∫ P dP = ∫ 2 dt
⇒ ln | P | = 2t + C
⇒ P = Ae2t
t = 0, P = 3 ⇒ 3 = Ae0 ⇒ A=3
∴ P = 3e2t
When t = 2, P = 3e4 = 164
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_k_1.h... 3/6/2013

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The number of particles at time t of a certain radioactive substance is N. The

dN N
substance is decaying in such a way that dt
= − 3
.
Given that at time t = 0 the number of particles is N0, find the time when the
1
number of particles remaining is 2 N0.
Solution:
dN N
dt = − 3
1 1
⇒ ∫ N dN = ∫ − 3 dt
1
⇒ ln | N | = − 3t + C
1
⇒ N = Ae − 3
t
t = 0, N = N0 ⇒ N0 = Ae0 ⇒ A = N0
1
∴ N = N0 e− 3
t
1 1 1
N= 2 N0 ⇒ 2 = e− 3
t
1
⇒ − ln 2 = − 3t
⇒ t = 3 ln 2 or 2.08

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The mass M at time t of the leaves of a certain plant varies according to the
dM
differential equation dt
= M − M2.
(a) Given that at time t = 0, M = 0.5, find an expression for M in terms of t.
(b) Find a value for M when t = ln 2.
(c) Explain what happens to the value of M as t increases.

Solution:
dM
dt = M − M2
1 1 A B
⇒ ∫ M(1−M)
dM = ∫ 1 dt but M(1−M)
≡ M
+ 1−M
∴1 ≡ A ( 1 − M ) + BM
M=0: 1 = 1A , A = 1
M=1: 1 = 1B , B = 1
 1 1 
⇒ ∫ + dM = ∫ 1dt
 M 1 − M 
⇒ ln | M | − ln | 1 − M | =t+ C
 M 
⇒ ln =t+ C
 1 − M 
M
⇒ 1−M = Aet
0.5
(a) t = 0, M = 0.5 ⇒ 0.5 = Ae0 ⇒ A=1
et
∴M= et − etM ⇒ M=
1 + et

eln 2 2 2
(b) t = ln 2 ⇒ M= = =
1+ eln 2 1+2 3
1 1
(c) t → ∞ ⇒ M= → 1 =1
e−t+1

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The volume of liquid Vcm3 at time t seconds satisfies

dV
− 15 dt
= 2V − 450.
Given that initially the volume is 300 cm3, find to the nearest cm3 the volume
after 15 seconds.
Solution:
dV
− 15 dt = 2V − 450
1 1
⇒ ∫ 2V − 450 dV = ∫ − 15 dt
1 1
⇒ 2 ln | 2V − 450 | = − 15 t + C
2
⇒ 2V − 450 = Ae 15 t −
t = 0, V = 300 ⇒ 150 = Ae0 ⇒ A = 150

2
∴ 2V = 150e − 15 t + 450
t = 15 ⇒ 2V = 150e − 2 + 450
150  −2 
⇒ V= e +3
2  
⇒ V = 75 ( 3 + e − 2 ) = 235

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
dx 1
The thickness of ice x mm on a pond is increasing and dt
= , where t is
20x2
measured in hours. Find how long it takes the thickness of ice to increase from 1
mm to 2 mm.
Solution:
dx 1
dt =
20x2
1
⇒ ∫ x2 dx = ∫ 20 dt
1 3 t
⇒ 3x = 20 + C
1
t = 0, x = 1 ⇒ 3 =C
20 ( x3 − 1 )
∴ 3 =t
20  
x=2 ⇒ t= 8−1
3  
140 2
⇒ t= 3 or 46 3

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
dh
The depth h metres of fluid in a tank at time t minutes satisfies dt
= − k √ h,
where k is a positive constant. Find, in terms of k, how long it takes the depth to
decrease from 9 m to 4 m.
Solution:
dh
dt = −k√h
1
⇒ ∫ dh = ∫ − k dt
1
h 2
1
⇒ ∫h− 2 dh = ∫ − k dt
1
⇒ 2h 2 = − kt + C
t = 0, h = 9 ⇒ 2 × 3 = 0 + C ⇒ C=6
1
∴ 2h 2 − 6 = − kt
6−2√h
or t = k
6−2×2 2
h=4 ⇒ t= k = k

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
dr
The rate of increase of the radius r kilometres of an oil slick is given by dt
=
k
, where k is a positive constant. When the slick was first observed the radius
r2
was 3 km. Two days later it was 5 km. Find, to the nearest day when the radius
will be 6.
Solution:
dr k
dt =
r2
⇒ ∫ r2 dr = ∫ k dt
1 3
⇒ 3r = kt + C
27
t = 0, r = 3 ⇒ 3 =C ⇒ C=9
1 3
∴ kt = 3r −9
125 1
t = 2, r = 5 ⇒ 2k = 3 −9 ⇒ k = 16 3
49 1 3
∴ 3 t = 3r −9
r3 − 27
or t = 49
63 − 27
r=6 ⇒ t= 49 = 3.85... = 4 days

Solutionbank
Integration
Exercise L, Question 1
Question:
3
48
It is given that y = x 2 + x
, x > 0.
dy
(a) Find the value of x and the value of y when dx
= 0.
(b) Show that the value of y which you found is a minimum.

3
48
The finite region R is bounded by the curve with equation y=x 2 + x
, the lines
x = 1, x = 4 and the x-axis.
(c) Find, by integration, the area of R giving your answer in the form p + q ln r,
where the numbers p, q and r are to be found.
Solution:
3 dy 3 1
(a) y = x 2 + 48x − 1 ⇒ dx = 2x
2 − 48x − 2
dy 3 1 48
dx =0 ⇒ 2x
2 =
x2
5 2
⇒ x 2 = 3 × 48 = 32
⇒ x = 4, y = 23 + 12 = 20
⇒ x = 4 , y = 20
d2y 3 − 1
(b) = 4x
2 + 96x − 3 > 0 for all x > 0
dx2
∴ 20 is a minimum value of y
3
 48 
(c) Area = ∫ 14 x 2 + dx
 x 
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_l_1.h... 3/6/2013

5
 2  4
= x 2 + 48 ln | x |
 5  1
 2   2 
= × 32 + 48 ln 4 − +0
 5   5 
62
= 5 + 48 ln 4

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The curve C has two arcs, as shown, and the equations

x = 3t2, y = 2t3,
where t is a parameter.
(a) Find an equation of the tangent to C at the point P where t = 2.

The tangent meets the curve again at the point Q.
(b) Show that the coordinates of Q are ( 3 , − 2 ) .

The shaded region R is bounded by the arcs OP and OQ of the curve C, and the line PQ, as shown.
(c) Find the area of R.
Solution:
dy
( )
dy dt 6t2
(a) dx = dx
= 6t =t
( )
dt
P is (12, 16)
∴ tangent is y − 16 = 2 ( x − 12 ) or y = 2x − 8
(b) Substitute x = 3t2, y = 2t3 into the equation for the tangent
⇒ 2t3 = 6t2 − 8
⇒ t3 − 3t2 + 4 = 0
⇒ (t−2) 2(t+1) =0
⇒ t = − 1 at Q ( 3 , − 2 )

(c)
Area of R = A1 − T1 + A2 + T2
A1 + A2 = ∫ y dx = ∫ t = − 1t = 22t3 × 6t dt = ∫ − 1212t4 dt
 12 5  2=  12 × 32   12 
= t − − 5 = 79.2
 5  −1  5   
1
T1 = 2 × 16 × 8 = 64
1
T2 = 2 ×1×2=1
∴ area of R = 79.2 − 64 + 1 = 16.2

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
1  
(a) Show that ( 1 + sin 2x ) 2 ≡ 3 + 4 sin 2x − cos 4x .
2  
(b) The finite region bounded by the curve with equation y = 1 + sin 2x, the x-axis, the y-
π
axis and the line with equation x = 2
is rotated through 2π about the x-axis.
Using calculus, calculate the volume of the solid generated, giving your answer in terms
of π.
Solution:
(a) ( 1 + sin 2x ) 2 = 1 + 2 sin 2x + sin2 2x

1  
= 1 + 2 sin 2x + 1 − cos 4x
2  
3 1
= 2 + 2 sin 2x − 2 cos 4x
1  
= 3 + 4 sin 2x − cos 4x
2  
π
(b) V = π ∫ y2 dx = π ∫ 0 2 ( 1 + sin 2x ) 2 dx
π
π  
= ∫0 2 3 + 4 sin 2x − cos 4x dx
2  
π  1  π
= 3x − 2 cos 2x − 4 sin 4x 0 2
2  
π   3π 1    
= − 2 cos π − 4 sin 2π − 0−2−0
2   2    
π  3π 
= +2+2
2  2 
π  
= 3π + 8
4  

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
This graph shows part of the curve with equation y = f ( x ) where

  1
f x ≡ e0.5x + x , x > 0.
 
The curve has a stationary point at x = α.
(a) Find f ′ ( x ) .
(b) Hence calculate f ′ ( 1.05 ) and f ′ ( 1.10 ) and deduce that

1.05 < α < 1.10.
(c) Find ∫ f ( x ) dx .
The shaded region R is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the lines x = 2 and
x = 4.
(d) Find, to 2 decimal places, the area of R.
Solution:

  1 1 1
(a) f ′ x = 2e 2x − 2
  x
(b) f ′ ( 1.05 ) = − 0.061... < 0

f ′ ( 1.10 ) = + 0.040... > 0
Change of sign ∴ root α in interval (1.05, 1.10)
 0.5x 1 
(c) ∫ e + x dx = 2e0.5x + ln | x | + C
 
(d) Area = ∫ 24y dx

= [ 2e0.5x + ln | x | ] 24
= ( 2e2 + ln 4 ) − ( 2e1 + ln 2 )
= 2e2 − 2e1 + ln 2
= 10.03 (2 d.p.)

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find ∫ xe − x dx.

π
(b) Given that y = 4
at x = 0, solve the differential equation
dy x
ex dx
= sin 2y
Solution:
(a) I = ∫ xe − x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
∴ I = − xe − x − ∫ ( − e − x ) dx
i.e. I = − xe − x − e − x + C
dy x
(b) ex dx = sin 2y
⇒ ∫ sin 2y dy = ∫ xe − x dx
1
⇒ − 2 cos 2y = − xe − x − e − x + C
π
x = 0, y = 4 ⇒ 0=0−1+ C ⇒ C=1
1
∴ 2 cos 2y = xe − x + e − x − 1
or cos 2y = 2 ( xe − x + e − x − 1 )

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The diagram shows the finite shaded region bounded by the curve with equation
y = x2 + 3, the lines x = 1, x = 0 and the x-axis. This region is rotated through 360°
about the x-axis.
Find the volume generated.
Solution:
V = π ∫ 01y2 dx = π ∫ 01 ( x2 + 3 ) 2 dx
= π ∫ 01 ( x4 + 6x2 + 9 ) dx
 1 5 
=π x + 2x3 + 9x 01
 5 
  1    
=π +2+9 − 0
  5    
56π
= 5

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
1
(a) Find ∫ x(x+1)
dx
(b) Using the substitution u = ex and the answer to a, or otherwise, find ∫

1
dx.
1 + ex
(c) Use integration by parts to find ∫ x2 sin x dx.
Solution:
1 1 1
(a) x(x+1) = x − x+1
1  1 1 
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ − dx
x(x+1)  x x + 1 
= ln | x | − ln | x + 1 | + C
 x 
= ln + C
 x+1 
1
(b) I = ∫ dx u = ex ⇒ du = ex dx
1+ ex
x
1 1  u   e 
∴I= ∫ × du = ln + C or ln
(1+u) u  1 + u   1+e 
x
+ C
(c) I = ∫ x2 sin x dx
du
u = x2 ⇒ dx = 2x
dv
∴ I = − x2 cos x − ∫ ( − cos x ) × 2x dx
= − x2 cos x + ∫ 2x cos x dx

Let J = ∫ 2x cos x dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
dv
∴ J = 2x sin x − ∫ 2 sin x dx
= 2x sin x + 2 cos x + C
∴ I = − x2 cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + k

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find ∫ x sin 2x dx.

π dy
(b) Given that y = 0 at x = 4
, solve the differential equation dx
= x sin 2x cos2 y.
Solution:
(a) I = ∫ x sin 2x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv −1
dx = sin 2x ⇒ v= 2 cos 2x
1 −1
∴I= − 2 x cos 2x − ∫ 2 cos 2x dx
1 1
= − 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x + C
dy
(b) dx = x sin 2x cos2 y
⇒ ∫ sec2 y dy = ∫ x sin 2x dx
1 1
⇒ tan y = − 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x + C
π 1 1
y = 0, x = 4 ⇒ 0=0+ 4 + C ⇒ C= − 4
1 1 1
∴ tan y = − 2 x cos 2x + 4 sin 2x − 4

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find ∫ x cos 2x dx.

1
(b) This diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = 2x 2 sin x. The
shaded region in the diagram is bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line
π
with equation x = 2
. This shaded region is rotated through 2π radians about the
x-axis to form a solid of revolution. Using calculus, calculate the volume of the
solid of revolution formed, giving your answer in terms of π.
Solution:
(a) I = ∫ x cos 2x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1

dv 1
dx = cos 2x ⇒ v= 2 sin 2x
x 1
∴I= 2 sin 2x − ∫ 2 sin 2x dx
x 1
= 2 sin 2x + 4 cos 2x + C
π π
(b) V = π ∫ 0 2 y2 dx = π ∫ 0 2 4x sin2 x dx
cos 2A = 1 − 2 sin2 A ⇒ 2 sin2 x = 1 − cos 2x
π
 
∴ V = π ∫ 0 2 2x 1 − cos 2x dx
 
π π
= π ∫ 0 2x dx − 2π ∫ 0 2 x cos 2x dx
2
π π
 x 1 
= [ πx2 ] 0 2 − 2π sin 2x + cos 2x 0 2
 2 4 
π3   π 1   1  
= − 2π sin π + cos π − 0+ 4
4   4 4    
π3
= 4 +π

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
A curve has equation y = f ( x ) and passes through the point with coordinates
  1
( 0 , − 1 ) . Given that f ′ x = 2 e2x − 6x ,
 
(a) use integration to obtain an expression for f(x),
(b) show that there is a root α of the equation f ′ ( x ) = 0 , such that

1.41 < α < 1.43.
Solution:
  1
(a) f′ x = 2 e2x − 6x
 
  1
⇒ f x = 4 e2x − 3x2 + C
 
  1 5
f 0 = −1 ⇒ −1= −0+ C ⇒ C= −
  4 4
  1 5
∴f x = 4 e2x − 3x2 − 4
 
(b) f ′ ( 1.41 ) = − 0.07... < 0

f ′ ( 1.43 ) = + 0.15... > 0
Change of sign ∴ root in interval (1.41, 1.43).
file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_l_10.... 3/6/2013

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
1
  2
f x = 16x 2 − , x > 0.
  x
(a) Solve the equation f ( x ) = 0 .
(b) Find ∫ f ( x ) dx .
(c) Evaluate ∫ 14f ( x ) dx , giving your answer in the form p + q ln r, where p, q

and r are rational numbers.
Solution:
1
  2
(a) f x =0 ⇒ 16x 2 =
  x
3
⇒ 16x 2 =2
3 1
⇒ x 2 = 8
 3 1  2 1
⇒ x= \ 8 = 4
 
3
1
 2  16x 2
(b) ∫ 16x 2 − dx = − 2 ln | x | + C
 x  3
2
32 3
= 3 x
2 − 2 ln | x | + C
3
(c) ∫ 1 4f  x

dx =
 32
x 2 − 2 ln | x |
 4
   3  1
 32   32 
= × 23 − 2 ln 4 − −0
 3   3 

224
= 3 − 2 ln 4

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Shown is part of a curve C with equation y = x2 + 3. The shaded region is

bounded by C, the x-axis and the lines with equations x = 1 and x = 3. The
shaded region is rotated through 360° about the x-axis.
Using calculus, calculate the volume of the solid generated. Give your answer as
an exact multiple of π.
Solution:
V = π ∫ 13y2 dx = π ∫ 13 ( x2 + 3 ) 2 dx
= π ∫ 13 ( x4 + 6x2 + 9 ) dx
 1 5 
=π x + 2x3 + 9x 13
 5 
  243   1  
=π + 54 + 27 − +2+9
  5   5  
 242 
=π + 81 − 11
 5 

= 118.4π

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Find ∫ x ( x2 + 3 ) 5 dx
1 2
(b) Show that ∫ 1e 2
ln x dx = 1 − e
x
1 1 4p − 2
(c) Given that p > 1, show that ∫ 1p ( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 )
dx = 3
ln p+1
Solution:
(a) Let y = ( x2 + 3 ) 6
dy
⇒ dx = 6 ( x2 + 3 ) 5 × 2x
1
∴ ∫ x ( x2 + 3 ) 5 dx = 12 ( x2 + 3 ) 6 + C
1
(b) I = ∫ 1e ln x dx
x2
du 1
u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv 1 1
dx = ⇒ v= − x
x2
 1   1 
∴I= − x ln x 1e − ∫ 1e − 2 dx
   x 
 1     1  e
= − e − 0 + − x
      1
1  1   
= − + − e − −1
e    
2
=1− e

1 A B
(c) ( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) ≡ x+1 + 2x − 1
⇒ 1 ≡ A ( 2x − 1 ) + B ( x + 1 )
1 3 2
x= 2 ⇒ 1= 2B ⇒ B= 3
1
x= −1 ⇒ 1 = − 3A ⇒ A= − 3
2 1
−
1  3 3
∴ ∫1 p dx = ∫ p
( x + 1 ) ( 2x − 1 ) 1  2x − 1 + x + 1  dx
 
 1 1  p
= ln | 2x − 1 | − 3 ln | x + 1 |
 3  1
 1  2x − 1   p
= ln
 3  x+1   1
 1  2p − 1    1 1 
= ln − ln
 3  p+1    3 2 
1  4p − 2 
= ln
3  p+1 

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
2
  5x − 8x + 1 A B C
f x ≡ ≡ x + x−1 +
  2x ( x − 1 ) 2
(x−1) 2
(a) Find the values of the constants A, B and C.
(b) Hence find ∫ f ( x ) dx .
   32  5
(c) Hence show that ∫ 49f x dx = ln −
   3  24
Solution:
2
  5x − 8x + 1 A B C
(a) f x ≡ ≡ x + x−1 +
  2x ( x − 1 ) 2
(x−1) 2
⇒ 5x2 − 8x + 1 ≡ 2A ( x − 1 ) 2 + 2Bx ( x − 1 ) + 2Cx

1
x=0 ⇒ 1 = 2A ⇒ A= 2
x=1 ⇒ − 2 = 2C ⇒ C= −1
Coefficients of x2: 5 = 2A + 2B ⇒ B=2
1
   2 2 
1
(b) ∫ f  x  dx = ∫  x + x−1 −  dx
(x−1) 2
   
1 1
= 2 ln | x | + 2 ln | x − 1 | + x−1 + C
   1 1  9
(c) ∫ 49f x dx = 2 ln | x | + 2 ln | x − 1 | +
   x−1  4
 1 
= ln | √ x ( x − 1 ) 2 | + x − 1 49
 

   1     1 
= ln 3 × 64 + 8 − ln 2×9 + 3
       
 3 × 64  1 1
= ln + −
 2×9  8 3
32 5
= ln 3 − 24

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The curve shown has parametric equations

x = 5 cos θ, y = 4 sin θ, 0 ≤ θ < 2π.
π
(a) Find the gradient of the curve at the point P at which θ = 4
.
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve at the point P.
(c) Find the coordinates of the point R where this tangent meets the x-axis.
The shaded region is bounded by the tangent PR, the curve and the x-axis.
(d) Find the area of the shaded region, leaving your answer in terms of π.
Solution:
dy dy dθ 4 cos θ
(a) dx = dθ × dx = − 5 sin θ
4
∴ gradient of tangent at P = − 5
 5 4 
(b) P = ,
 √2 √2 
∴ equation of tangent is

4 4  5  4  5 
y− √2 = − x− √2 or y−2√2= − x− √2
5   5  
5√2 5√2
(c) At R, y = 0 ⇒ x= 2 + 2 =5√2
∴ R is ( 5 √ 2 , 0 )
(d)
1  5  4 1 5 4
A1 + A2 = × 5√2− √2 × √2 = × √2 × √2 =5
2   2
04 sin θ  
A1 = ∫ y dx = ∫ π × − 5 sin θ dθ
4  
π
 
= 10 ∫ 0 4 1 − cos 2θ dθ
 
π
= [ 10θ − 5 sin 2θ ] 0 4
5π
= 2 −5
 5π 
∴ A2 = 5 − A1 = 5 − −5 = 10 − 2.5π
 2 

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Obtain the general solution of the differential equation

dy
dx
= xy2, y > 0.
(b) Given also that y = 1 at x = 1, show that

2
y= , − √3<x< √3
3 − x2
is a particular solution of the differential equation.
2
The curve C has equation y = , x ≠ − √ 3, x ≠ √ 3
3 − x2
(c) Write down the gradient of C at the point (1, 1).
(d) Deduce that the line which is a tangent to C at the point (1, 1) has equation
y = x.
(e) Find the coordinates of the point where the line y = x again meets the curve
C.
Solution:
dy
(a) dx = xy2
1
⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ x dx
y2
1 x2
⇒ − y = 2 + C
−2  
or y = k = 2C
x2 + k  
−2
(b) y = 1, x = 1 ⇒ 1= 1+ k ⇒ k= −3

2
∴y=
3 − x2
for x2 ≠ 3 and y > 0, i.e. − √ 3 < x < √ 3
dy
(c) When x = 1, y = 1 dx is 1
(d) Equation of tangent is y − 1 = 1 ( x − 1 ) , i.e. y = x.
2
(e) x = ⇒ − x3 + 3x = 2 or x3 − 3x + 2 = 0
3− x2
⇒ (x−1) 2(x+2) =0
∴ y = x meets curve at ( − 2 , − 2 ) .

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The diagram shows the curve C with parametric equations

1
x = a sin2 t, y = a cos t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2
π,

where a is a positive constant. The point P lies on C and has coordinates

3 1 
a , a .
4 2 
dy
(a) Find dx
, giving your answer in terms of t.
(b) Find an equation of the tangent to C at P.
(c) Show that a cartesian equation of C is y2 = a2 − ax.

The shaded region is bounded by C, the tangent at P and the x-axis. This shaded
region is rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis to form a solid of

revolution.
(d) Use calculus to calculate the volume of the solid revolution formed, giving
your answer in the form kπa3, where k is an exact fraction.
Solution:
dy dy dt − a sin t 1
(a) dx = dt × dx = 2a sin t cos t = − 2 sec t
 3 1  1
(b) P is a , a , so cos t =
 4 2  2
1
⇒ M= − = −1
1
2×
2
1  3 
∴ tangent is y − 2a = −1 x − 4a
 
5
or y= −x+ 4a
x y2
(c) sin2 t + cos2 t =1 ⇒ + =1
a a2
or y2 = a2 − ax
(d) volume = cone − π ∫ 3 ay2 dx

4
a
1  1  2  5 3  πa3
cone = 3π a a − a =
 2   4 4  24
ay2 dx  2 a 
π∫ 3 =π a x − 2 x2 3 a
4
a   4
a
3 πa3
  3 a   3 3 9 3  
=π a − 2 − a − 32 a = 32
    4  
3 a3  πa3
 a
∴ Volume = π − 32 = 96
 24 

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Using the substitution u = 1 + 2x, or otherwise, find

4x 1
∫ 2
dx, x > − 2
,
( 1 + 2x )
π
when x = 0, solve the differential equation
dy x
( 1 + 2x ) 2 dx
=
sin2 y
Solution:
4x
(a) I = ∫ dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
u = 1 + 2x
du
⇒ 2 = dx and 4x = 2 ( u − 1 )
2(u−1) du
∴I= ∫ × 2
u2
 1 
= ∫ − u − 2 du
 u 
1
= ln | u | + u + C
1
= ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + C
dy x
(b) ( 1 + 2x ) 2 dx =
sin2 y
x
⇒ ∫ sin2 y dy = ∫ dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
4x
⇒ ∫ 4 sin2 y dy = ∫ dx
( 1 + 2x ) 2
⇒ ∫ ( 2 − 2 cos 2y ) dy = I

1
⇒ 2y − sin 2y = ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + C
π π
x = 0, y = 4 ⇒ 2 − 1 = ln 1 + 1 + C
π
⇒ C= 2 −2
1 π
∴ 2y − sin 2y = ln | 1 + 2x | + 1 + 2x + 2 −2

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
1 1
The diagram shows the curve with equation y = xe2x, − 2
≤ x ≤ 2
.
1
The finite region R1 bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = − 2
has
area A1.
1
The finite region R2 bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 2
has area
A2.
(a) Find the exact values of A1 and A2 by integration.
(b) Show that A1: A2 = ( e − 2 ) : e.
Solution:
(a) ∫ xe2x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1

dv 1 2x
dx = e2x ⇒ v= 2e
1 2x 1 2x 1 2x 1 2x
∴ ∫ xe2x dx = 2 xe − ∫ 2 e dx = 2 xe − 4e + C
 1 2x 1 2x 
10
A1 = − xe − 4e
 2  − 2
  1   1 1  
= − 0− 4 − − 4e − 1 − 4e − 1
     
1  
= 1 − 2e − 1
4  
1
 1 2x 1 2x 
A2 = xe − 4e
2
 2  0
 1 1 1 1   1 
= e − 4e  − 0− 4
 4  
1
= 4
1
( 1 − 2e − 1 )
A1 4 e−2
(b) A2 = 1
= 1 − 2e − 1 = e
4
∴ A1: A2 = ( e − 2 ) : e

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find ∫ x2e − x dx.

dy
Given that y = 0 at x = 0, solve the differential equation dx
= x2e3y − x.
Solution:
I = ∫ x2e − x dx
du
u = x2 ⇒ dx = 2x
dv
∴ I = − x2e − x − ∫ ( − e − x ) × 2x dx
= − x2e − x + ∫ 2x e − x dx
J = ∫ 2xe − x dx
du
u = 2x ⇒ dx =2
dv
∴ J = − 2xe − x − ∫ ( − e − x ) × 2 dx
= − 2xe − x − 2e − x + k
∴ I = − x2e − x − 2xe − x − 2e − x + C
dy
dx = x2e3y − x = x2e − x e3y
⇒ ∫ e − 3y dy = ∫ x2e − x dx
1 − 3y
⇒ − 3e = − x2e − x − 2xe − x − 2e − x + C
1 5
x = 0, y = 0 ⇒ − 3 = −2+ C ⇒ C= 3
1 − 3y 5
∴ 3e = x2e − x + 2xe − x + 2e − x − 3

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The curve with equation y = e3x + 1 meets the line y = 8 at the point (h, 8).
(a) Find h, giving your answer in terms of natural logarithms.
(b) Show that the area of the finite region enclosed by the curve with
1
equation y = e3x + 1, the x-axis, the y-axis and the line x = h is 2 + 3
ln 7.
Solution:
(a) 8 = e3x + 1 ⇒ 7 = e3x

1 1
∴x= 3 ln 7, i.e. h = 3 ln 7
(b)
1
Area = ∫ 0 3 ln7y dx
1
 
= ∫ 0 3 ln7 e3x + 1 dx
 
1
 1 3x  ln 7
= e +x 0 3
 3 

 1 ln 7 1   1 
= e + ln 7 − +0
 3 3   3 
1   1
= 7 + ln 7 − 3
3  
1  
= 6 + ln 7
3  
1
=2+ 3 ln 7

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Given that

x2 B C
≡A+ + ,
x2 −1 x−1 x+1
find the values of the constants A, B and C.
(b) Given that x = 2 at t = 1, solve the differential equation

dx 2
dt
=2− , x > 1.
x2
You need not simplify your final answer.

Solution:
x2 B C
(a) ≡A+ +
x2 −1 x−1 x+1
⇒ x2 ≡ A ( x − 1 ) ( x + 1 ) + B ( x + 1 ) + C(x−1)
1
x=1 ⇒ 1 = 2B ⇒ B= 2
1
x= −1 ⇒ 1 = − 2C ⇒ C= − 2.
Coefficients of x2: 1=A ⇒ A=1
dx ( x2 − 1 )
(b) =2
dt x2
x2
⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ 2 dt
x2 − 1
1 1
( ) ( )
 2 2 
⇒ ∫  1+ x−1 − x+1  dx = 2t
 
1  x−1 
⇒ x+ ln = 2t + C
2  x+1 

1 1 1 1
x = 2, t = 1 ⇒ 2+ 2 ln 3 =2+ C ⇒ C= 2 ln 3
1  x−1  1 1
∴x+ ln = 2t + ln
2  x+1  2 3

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The curve C is given by the equations

x = 2t, y = t2,
where t is a parameter.
(a) Find an equation of the normal to C at the point P on C where t = 3.

The normal meets the y-axis at the point B. The finite region R is bounded by the
part of the curve C between the origin O and P, and the lines OB and OP.
(b) Show the region R, together with its boundaries, in a sketch.

The region R is rotated through 2π about the y-axis to form a solid S.
(c) Using integration, and explaining each step in your method, find the volume
of S, giving your answer in terms of π.
Solution:
dy dy dt 2t
(a) dx = dt × dx = 2 = t.
1
∴ at P (6, 9) gradient of normal is − 3
1   1
∴ equation of normal is y − 9 = − x−6 or y= − 3x + 11
3  
x2
(b) x = 2t, y = t2 ⇒ y= 4
B is (0, 11)

(c) volume = cone + π ∫ 09x2 dy

1
cone = 3π × 62 × 2 = 24π
π ∫ 09x2 dy = π ∫ t = 0t = 34t2 × 2t dt = π ∫ 038t3 dt

= π [ 2t4 ] 03 = π × 2 × 81 = 162π
∴ Volume of S = 186π

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Shown is part of the curve with equation y = e2x − e − x. The shaded region R is
bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line with equation x = 1.
Use calculus to find the area of R, giving your answer in terms of e.
Solution:
Area = ∫ 01 ( e2x − e − x ) dx
 1 2x 
= e + e − x 01
 2 
 1 2   1 
= e +e−1 − +1
 2   2 
1  2 2 
= e + e −3
2  

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
dy
(a) Given that 2y = x − sin x cos x, show that dx
= sin2 x.
(b) Hence find ∫ sin2 x dx.
(c) Hence, using integration by parts, find ∫ x sin2 x dx.

Solution:
(a) 2y = x − sin x cos x

dy    
⇒ 2 =1− cos2 x + sin x − sin x = 1 − cos2 x + sin2 x
dx    
dy
∴ dx = sin2 x (using sin2 x = 1 − cos2 x)
(b) ∫ sin2 x dx = y + C1
x 1
= 2 − 2 sin x cos x + C1
(c) ∫ x sin2 x dx
du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv  
= sin2 x ⇒ v = b
dx  
x2 1  x 1 
∴ ∫ x sin2 x dx = − 2 x sin x cos x − ∫ − sin x cos x dx
2  2 2 
x2 1 x2 1
= 2 − 2 x sin x cos x − 4 + 4 ∫ sin 2x dx
x2 1 1
= 4 − 2 x sin x cos x − 8 cos 2x + C2

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
The rate, in cm3 s − 1, at which oil is leaking from an engine sump at any time
t seconds is proportional to the volume of oil, V cm3, in the sump at that instant.
At time t = 0, V = A.
(a) By forming and integrating a differential equation, show that
V = Ae − kt
where k is a positive constant.
(b) Sketch a graph to show the relation between V and t.

1
Given further that V = 2
A at t = T,
(c) show that kT = ln 2.

Solution:
dv
(a) dt = −k V
1
⇒ ∫ V dV = ∫ − k dt
⇒ ln | V | = − kt + C
⇒ V = A1e − kt
t = 0, V = A ⇒ V = Ae − kt ( A1 = A )
(b)

1 1
(c) t = T, V = 2A ⇒ 2A = Ae − kT
⇒ − ln 2 = − kT
⇒ kT = ln 2

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
This graph shows part of the curve C with parametric equations

1 3
x = ( t + 1 ) 2, y = 2
t + 3, t ≥ − 1.
P is the point on the curve where t = 2. The line S is the normal to C at P.
(a) Find an equation of S.

The shaded region R is bounded by C, S, the x-axis and the line with equation
x = 1.
(b) Using integration and showing all your working, find the area of R.
Solution:
3 2
t
dy dy dt 2 3t2
(a) dx = dt × dx = 2(t+1) = 4(t+1)
4×3
At P (9, 7) gradient of normal is − = −1
3 × 22
∴ equation of line S is y−7= −1(x−9)

i.e. y = − x + 16 or y + x = 16
(b) Area = ∫ x = 1x = 9y dx + area of triangle shown below
 1 3   
∫ x = 1x = 9y dx = ∫ t = 0t = 2 t + 3 2 t+1 dt
 2   
= ∫ 02 ( t4 + t3 + 6t + 6 ) dt
 1 5 1 4 6t2 
= t + 4 t + 2 + 6t 02
 5 
 32 16   
= + +3×4+6×2 − 0
 5 4   
= 34.4
1
∴ Area = 34.4 + 2 × 72 = 58.9

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Shown is part of the curve C with parametric equations

x = t2, y = sin 2t, t ≥ 0.
The point A is an intersection of C with the x-axis.
(a) Find, in terms of π, the x-coordinate of A.

dy
(b) Find dx
in terms of t, t > 0.
(c) Show that an equation of the tangent to C at A is 4x + 2πy = π2.

The shaded region is bounded by C and the x-axis.
(d) Use calculus to find, in terms of π, the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
π
(a) At A, y = 0 ⇒ sin 2t = 0 ⇒ 2t = 0 or π ⇒ t= 2
2
  π  2   π 
∴ A is , 0 or , 0
  2    4 

dy 2 cos 2t cos 2t
(b) dx = 2t = t
cos π 1 2
(c) Gradient of tangent at A is = − = − π
π π
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2  π 
∴ equation of tangent is y−0= − x− 4
π  
2π2
⇒ πy = − 2x + 4
or 2πy + 4x = π2
π
(d) Area = ∫ y dx = ∫ t = 0t = 2 sin 2t × 2t dt
du
u=t ⇒ dt =1
dv
dt = 2 sin 2t ⇒ v = − cos 2t
π π
 
∴ Area = [ − t cos 2t ] 0 2 − ∫0 2 − cos 2t dt
 
π
 π     1  π
= + 2 − 0 + sin 2t 0 2 =
     2  2

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Showing your method clearly in each case, find
(a) ∫ sin2 x cos x dx,
(b) ∫ x ln x dx.
Using the substitution t2 = x + 1, where x > − 1, t > 0,
x
(c) Find ∫ \x+1
dx.
x
(d) Hence evaluate ∫ 03 \x+1
dx.
Solution:
dy
(a) Let y = sin3 x ⇒ dx = 3 sin2 x cos x
1
∴ ∫ sin2 x cos x dx = 3 sin3 x + C
(b) ∫ x ln x dx
du 1
u = ln x ⇒ dx = x
dv 1 2
dx =x ⇒ v= 2x
1 2 1 2 1
∴ ∫ x ln x dx = 2 x ln x − ∫ 2x × x dx
1 2 x2
= 2 x ln x − 4 + C
(c) t2 = x + 1 ⇒ 2t dt = dx
x
∴I= ∫ \ x + 1 dx
t2 − 1
= ∫ t × 2t dt

= ∫ ( 2t2 − 2 ) dt
2 3
= 3t − 2t + C
2 3
= 3 (x+1) 2 − 2\ x + 1 + C
2  
= 3\ x+1 x−2 + C
 
x  2   
(d) ∫ 03 \ x + 1 dx = x−2 \ x + 1 03
 3   
 2   4  8
= × 2 − − 3 = 3
 3   

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Using the substitution u = 1 + 2x2, find ∫ x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 dx.

π
at x = 0, solve the differential equation
dy
dx
= x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 cos2 2y.
Solution:
du
(a) u = 1 + 2x2 ⇒ du = 4x dx ⇒ x dx = 4
u5 u6 ( 1 + 2x2 ) 6
So ∫ x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 dx = ∫ 4 du = 24 + C1 = 24 + C1
dy
(b) dx = x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 cos2 2y
⇒ ∫ sec2 2y dy = ∫ x ( 1 + 2x2 ) 5 dx
1 ( 1 + 2x2 ) 6
⇒ 2 tan 2y = 24 + C2
π 1 1 11
y= 8 ,x=0 ⇒ 2 = 24 + C2 ⇒ C2 = 24
( 1 + 2x2 ) 6 11
∴ tan 2y = 12 + 12

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Find ∫ x2 ln 2x dx.
Solution:
I = ∫ x2 ln 2x dx
du 1
u = ln 2x ⇒ dx = x
dv x3
dx = x2 ⇒ v= 3
x3 x3 1
∴I= 3 ln 2x − ∫ 3 × x dx
x3 x2
= 3 ln 2x − ∫ 3 dx
x3 x3
= 3 ln 2x − 9 + C

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Obtain the solution of

  dy
x x+2 = y , y > 0, x > 0,
  dx
for which y = 2 at x = 2, giving your answer in the form y2 = f ( x ) .
Solution:
  dy
x x+2 =y
  dx
1 1
⇒ ∫ y dy = ∫ x(x+2) dx
1 A B
x(x+2) ≡ x + x+2
⇒ 1 ≡ A ( x + 2 ) + Bx
1
x=0 ⇒ 1 = 2A ⇒ A= 2
1
x= −2 ⇒ 1 = − 2B ⇒ B= − 2
1 1
 ( 2 ) (
2
)

So ln y = ∫  x − x+2  dx
 
1 1
= 2 ln | x | − 2 ln | x + 2 | + C
kx  1 
∴y=\ C = 2 ln k
x+2  
2k
x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ 2=\ 4 ⇒ 4×2=k
8x 8x
∴y=\ x+2 or y2 = x+2


Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
(a) Use integration by parts to show that

π 1 1
∫ 0 4 x sec2 x dx = 4
π − 2
ln 2.
1
The finite region R, bounded by the curve with equation y = x 2 sec x, the line
π
x= 4
and the x-axis is shown. The region R is rotated through 2π radians about
the x-axis.
(b) Find the volume of the solid of revolution generated.

1
(c) Find the gradient of the curve with equation y = x 2 sec x at the point where
π
x= 4
.
Solution:
π
(a) I = ∫ 0 4 x sec2 x dx

du
u=x ⇒ dx =1
dv
π π
∴ I = [ x tan x ] 0 4 − ∫ 0 4 tan x dx
π
 π   
= − 0 − [ ln | sec x | ] 0 4
 4   
π      
= − ln √ 2 − ln 1
4      
π 1
= 4 − 2 ln 2
π π
(b) V = π ∫ 0 2
4 y dx = π ∫ 0 4 x sec2 x dx
π2 π
Using (a) V= 4 − 2 ln 2 = 1.38 (3 s.f.)
dy 1 − 1 1
(c) dx = 2x
2 sec x + x 2 sec x tan x
π dy 1 2 √π 2 π
At x = 4 dx = 2 × √π × √2+ 2 × √2×1=\ π +\ 2 = 2.05 (3
s.f.)

Solutionbank
Integration
Question:
Part of the design of a stained glass window is shown. The two loops enclose an
area of blue glass. The remaining area within the rectangle ABCD is red glass.
The loops are described by the curve with parametric equations
x = 3 cos t, y = 9 sin 2t, 0 ≤ t < 2π.
(a) Find the cartesian equation of the curve in the form y2 = f ( x ) .
(b) Show that the shaded area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis, is given by
π
∫ 0 2 A sin 2t sin t dt, stating the value of the constant A.
(c) Find the value of this integral.

The sides of the rectangle ABCD are the tangents to the curve that are parallel to
the coordinate axes. Given that 1 unit on each axis represents 1 cm,
(d) find the total area of the red glass.
Solution:
(a) x = 3 cos t
y = 9 sin 2t ⇒ y = 18 cos t sin t
⇒ y = 6x sin t

x y
∴ cos t = 3, sin t = 6x
x2 y2
cos2 t + sin2 t =1 ⇒ + =1
9 36x2
i.e. 4x4 + y2 = 36x2

or y2 = 4x2 ( 9 − x2 )
(b)
Area = ∫ y dx
t = 09 sin 2t  
= ∫t= π × − 3 sin t dt
2  
π
= 27 ∫ 0 2 sin 2t sin t dt
π π
(c) 27 ∫ 0 2 sin 2t sin t dt = 54 ∫ 0 2 sin2 t cos t dt
3 π
 54 sin t 
= 2
 3  0
= ( 18 × 1 ) − ( 0 )
= 18
(d) Area of blue glass is 18 × 4 = 72

Area of rectangle = 108

∴ Area of red glass = 108 − 72 = 36 cm2

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Core Maths 4 C4 Page 1 of 3

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Integrate the following with respect to x:

(b) 5ex − 4 sin x + 2x3

(c) 2 ( sin x − cos x + x )

(h) ex + sin x + cos x

(i) 2 cosec x cot x − sec2 x

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

(b) ∫ ( 5ex − 4 sin x + 2x3 ) dx

(c) ∫ 2 ( sin x − cos x + x ) dx

(h) ∫ ( ex + sin x + cos x ) dx

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

(i) ∫ ( 2 cosec x cot x − sec2 x ) dx

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_a_1.h... 3/6/201

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Find the following integrals:

(e) ∫ sin x ( 1 + sec2 x ) dx

(f) ∫ cos x ( 1 + cosec2 x ) dx

(g) ∫ cosec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) dx

(h) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 − cot2 x ) dx

(i) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 + ex cos2 x ) dx

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_a_2.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

(e) ∫ sin x ( 1 + sec2 x ) dx

(f) ∫ cos x ( 1 + cosec2 x ) dx

(g) ∫ cosec2 x ( 1 + tan2 x ) dx

(h) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 − cot2 x ) dx

(i) ∫ sec2 x ( 1 + ex cos2 x ) dx

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_a_2.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_a_2.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Integrate the following:

(f) sec 4x tan 4x

(i) cosec 2x cot 2x

(j) cos 3x − sin 3x

(c) ∫ 4ex + 5dx = 4ex + 5 + C

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_1.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

(h) ∫ sec2 ( 2 − x ) dx = − tan ( 2 − x ) + C

(j) ∫ ( cos 3x − sin 3x ) dx

© Pearson Education Ltd 2009

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_1.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Find the following integrals:

(c) ∫ sec2 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) dx

(e) ∫ [ e3 − x + sin ( 3 − x ) + cos ( 3 − x ) ] dx

(c) ∫ sec2 2x ( 1 + sin 2x ) dx

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_2.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

(e) ∫ [ e3 − x + sin ( 3 − x ) + cos ( 3 − x ) ] dx

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_2.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Integrate the following:

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_3.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_3.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

© Pearson Education Ltd 2009

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_3.h... 3/6/2013

Dr.Faisal Rana www.biochemtuition.com faisal.rana@biochemtuition.com

Find the following integrals

file://C:\Users\Buba\Desktop\further\Core Mathematics 4\content\sb\content\c4_6_b_4.h... 3/6/2013