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3 EXTRA QUESTIONS
1. (a) How do the physical properties of the alkene homologous series change as the chain
length increases?
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(2)
H H
nC 2H 4 C C
H H n
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(2)
(c) Most ethanol used in the chemical industry is manufactured by reacting together water
and ethene.
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(1)
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(3)
(iii) Classify this reaction, indicating the type of initial attack on the ethene.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
2. (a) But-1-ene can be polymerised. Draw the repeating unit of the polymer of this
molecule.
(ii) Draw the structure of, and give the name of, the addition product formed when
buta-1,3-diene reacts with an excess of bromine. Name the type of mechanism
involved.
Structure of product
Name of product................................................................................................
Type of mechanism............................................................................................
(6)
(Total 7 marks)
3. (a) Write an equation for the formation of epoxyethane from ethene and explain why the
product is highly reactive.
Equation
Explanation. ...............................................................................................................
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(4)
Equation
Use ....................................................................................................................
(ii) Epoxyethane also reacts with ammonia. Suggest a structure for the compound
obtained when one mole of epoxyethane reacts with one mole of ammonia.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
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(1)
(Total 1 mark)
5. (i) Write an overall equation for the reaction of cyclohexene with hydrogen.
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(ii) By stating a reagent and an observation, give a chemical test which would show
that this hydrogenation reaction has gone to completion.
Reagent(s) .........................................................................................................
Observation(s) ..................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 3 marks)
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(2)
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(1)
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(1)
(c) Give the name of the mechanism of the reaction between ethene and bromine. Draw the
mechanism for this reaction.
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Mechanism
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
Reagent........................................................................................................................
Catalyst.......................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Draw the structure of epoxyethane and explain why this compound is highly reactive.
Structure
Explanation.................................................................................................................
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(3)
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(1)
(d) The structure of A is shown below. Circle those carbon atoms which must lie in the same
plane.
H C H 3
C C
H C H 2 CH 3
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
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(iii) Give the structure of the product formed by the reaction of one molecule of
epoxyethane with one molecule of water. Give one use for this product.
Structure
Use ..............................................................................................................
(5)
(b) But-2-ene can exist in two isomeric forms. Give the structures of these two isomers and
name the type of isomerism.
Structure 1 Structure 2
Br H
H 3C H
C C + H Br H 3C C C H
H H
H H
(i) Outline the mechanism for this reaction, showing the structure of the intermediate
carbocation formed.
(ii) Give the structure of the alternative carbocation which could be formed in the
reaction between propene and hydrogen bromide.
(5)
(Total 5 marks)
(a) Describe a simple test in each case to show that butenedioic acid is unsaturated.
Test. ................................................................................................................
Result. .............................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Draw the structure of the cis-isomer of butenedioic acid and give two reasons which
together explain why butenedioic acid shows geometrical isomerism.
Structure
Reason 1. .........................................................................................................
Reason 2. .........................................................................................................
(3)
(d) Outline a mechanism for the reaction of butenedioic acid with hydrogen bromide.
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
11. When 2-methylpent-2-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide two products are formed, one major
and one minor, each with molecular formula C 6H13Br. Name these two products and account
for their formation by reference to the mechanism of the reaction.
(Total 13 marks)
12. There are several non-cyclic structural isomers with the molecular formula C 6H12.
Identify one linear alkene of formula C6H12 which can exist as a pair of stereoisomers.
State the type of stereoisomerism shown, name the alkene and draw the structures of the
two isomers.
(Total 4 marks)
13. (a) Explain the meaning of the term stereoisomerism and explain how it arises.
(5)
State the reagent and the catalyst required for this process and identify two different types of
hazard associated with the production of epoxyethane. Write an equation for the reaction of
epoxyethane with water in a 1 : 1 mole ratio and give a use for the product obtained.
(Total 7 marks)
15. (a) Outline, together with an equation, how epoxyethane is manufactured from ethene.
(4)
(b) Show, by means of equations, how one mole of epoxyethane reacts with one mole of
water.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
(i) Name and outline a mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene with bromine and
name the product of the reaction.
(6)
17. (b) Outline, together with an equation, how epoxyethane is manufactured from ethene and
discuss the hazards of the process.
(Total 7 marks)
(i) Outline a mechanism to show how the two products are formed.
(ii) Predict the major product of the reaction of one mole of hydrogen bromide with 2-
methylbuta-1,3-diene. Justify your choice.
(9)
(Total 9 marks)