329 Pashto English Dictionary PDF

Pashto-English
Dictionary
First Edition
Zeeya A. Pashtoon
Pashto-English
Dictionary
First Edition
Zeeya A. Pashtoon
2009
Pashto-English Dictionary, First Edition
Copyright 2009 McNeil Technologies, Inc.
All rights reserved.
No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of McNeil Technologies, Inc.
All inquiries should be directed to:
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ISBN: 978-1-931546-70-6
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2009937483
Printed and bound in the United States of America
Table of Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................................................. i
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................... ii
Sample Entry............................................................................................................................................................... iii
Pronounciation Guide ............................................................................................................................................ iv
Abbreviations and Labels....................................................................................................................................... v
The Dictionary
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Preface
This Pashto-English Dictionary, First Edition is intended for professional Pashto-to-English translators of modern Pashto
written materials. It contains approximately 55,000 entries arranged alphabetically according to the Pashto alphabet.
The main sources for this dictionary are:
Afgansko-russkii slovar (Pashto-Russian Dictionary, M. G. Aslanov, Martiros, N. A. Dvoriankov, Moscow, 1966, 994
pages)
Pashto-English Dictionary (M.H. Rahimi, Academy of Science of Afghanistan, Kabul, 1979, 591 pages)
Pashto-Pashto Descriptive Dictionary (Institute of Languages and Literature, Academy of Science of Afghanistan,
Kabul, 2005, Vol. 1-4);
Daryab Dictionary (Qalandar Momand, Peshawar, 1994, 1,325 pages)
Qamosona Pashto Dictionaries (http://www.achakzai.de/j/)
The second edition of this dictionary is well underway. This new edition will be corpus-based and will include new
headwords, new definitions, and new examples.
As always, the Publisher welcomes any comments, suggestions, corrections, and additions to the dictionary.
The Publisher
Dunwoody Press
Hyattsville, Maryland
November 2009
i
Acknowledgments
The publication of this Pashto-English Dictionary, First Edition has been made possible with the encouragement and
support of many colleagues. In particular, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and sincere thanks to Thomas
Creamer and Erin Gyomber for editorial support; to Aung Kyaw Oo for formatting the dictionary; to Patrick O'Sullivan,
David Williams, Thomas Tucker, Alan Turnbull, Irina Knizhnik, and Melvin Deatherage for translation support; to
Azizeh Babba and Mustafa Ajan Sayd for assistance in keyboarding the Pashto script; and especially to Naseer Honar
Pashtoon for lending his expertise on both the Pashto language and Pashto lexicography.
Zeeya A. Pashtoon
McNeil Technologies, Inc.
Hyattsville, Maryland
ii
Sample Entry
Headword 1
achavl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 throw, fling, Definition
hurl, drop (from a height); throw out, cast to throw
on the ground to drop bombs 1.2 to bring, knock Subsense
Homograph down to bring an aircraft down 1.3 number
throw on, throw over, put on to cover with a
blanket 1.4 to spread 1.5 to put, place, put together Alternate form
Pronunciation
to lead a pack on a camel 1.6 to lay (eggs) 1.7 to strew,
pour (in, into) to sprinkle salt, salt a to
Sense number
strew seed, sprinkle grain b to sow 1.8 to pour, pour out
pour me a cup of tea to refuel 1.9 to
Label give, feed (animals) 1.10 to fertilize, fertilize the soil 1.11
pass, give pass me the bread 1.12 to register
(mail) 1.13 to lower, let down, launch to
launch a boat He hung his head. 1.14 to
establish, set up (e.g., communications with someone) 1.15 to
build 1.16 to bind, fasten (to) 1.17 to place, put, settle, lodge;
assign a billet, quarter 1.18 to assign work, put to work 1.19
to send (to school) 1.20 to hand in (an application); institute (a
suit) to bring a suit against someone 1.21 to
entrust to make someone responsible for
something 1.22 to set aside, adjourn; drag out (an affair) !
Put it off until tomorrow! 1.23 to draw up (e.g., a
plan); sketch in, make a rough sketch or outline to
draw up a plan to plot something
against someone 1.24 to make oneself out to be someone;
pretend to be someone else; claim something as one's own
property He pretended to be deaf. 1.25 to
start, set going; put into service, put into operation; utilize
to commit troops to battle 1.26 instill (in);
install (in), establish to inculcate
love for the motherland 1.27 to make, produce, effect
to set on fire to greet a to throw oneself,
rush b to make oneself out to be someone else, imitate someone
else, pretend to be someone else to pretend to be
dead to feign illness, malinger c to expose
oneself to something, subject oneself to something
Gender
to be on friendly terms, establish friendship with
someone 2 m. plural 1 1 idiom to
quarrel
2 uchavl transitive dialect Cross
Reference
iii
Pronounciation Guide
b s
p z
t t
s '
dzh gh
ch f
dz q
ts k
h g
kh l
d m
r v/o/ /u/w
z aj j
zh e
g j j
s i
sh j aj
iv
Abbreviations and Labels
abbreviation conversation idiom official abbreviation
abusive copulative imperative onomatopoeia
accounting curse imperfect optative
action noun demonstrative pronoun imperfective ordinal
adjectival suffix demotic indeclinable parenthetic word
adjective denominative indefinite pronoun participle
administration derogatory independent perfective particle
adverb dialect indirect plural passive
adverbial prefix diminutive indirect singular past
adverbial suffix diplomacy intensifier past participle
adversative conjunction directional pronoun intensive particle past perfective
affectionate disjunctive conjunction interjection past stem
affirmative particle doublet intransitive past tense stem
Afridi dual invariable perfective
agriculture dual number ironic Persian
anatomy Eastern jocular personal name
Arabic economics law perspective aspect
archaeology electrical engineering library science philosophy
archaic electronics linguistics photography
architecture endearment literal physics
astronomy epistolary literally physiology
attributive ethnography literary phytopathology
auxiliary verb exclamation literature plural
auxiliary word expression m. poetic
aviation f. masculine polite
biology feminine masculine plural politics
botany feminine plural math possessive
cards feminine singular medicine postposition
causative figurative metallurgy postpositive
chemistry finance military potential
chess first person mining predicate
children's speech first person past music predicative
collective first person plural mythology prefix
colloquial first person present negative particle prefixal verb
combined with folk saying no plural form preposition
combining form folklore noun of agent present
comparative degree future noun suffix present participle
compound future perfect number printing
compound verb geography numeral productive verb
conditional geology oblique pronoun
conjunction geometry oblique plural proper name
construction grammar oblique singular proverb
contrastive conjunction history obsolete railroad
conventional formula hunting official regional
v
religion sometimes plural theater vocative
saying sometimes singular third person plural vulgar
second person sports third person singular Waziri
second plural stem trade Western
second singular suffix transitive with numbers
secondary plural superlative degree used as the first element in word paired to
compounds
separable part of present swear word zoology
used with
separable part of verb tautological with
verb copula
short plural technology
veterinary
singular textiles
vice
vi
Pashto-English Dictionary
figurative a to build one's house b to achieve prosperity;

prosper 1.6 to create (e.g., favorable conditions) 2 m. plural

1
alf 1 the first letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 1 in bdavna f. abdavna f. 1 population 2 tilling,
the abjad system 3 performs the following functions: 3.1 the cultivation (land) 3 building, construction 4 prosperity; well
accented suffix of nouns derived from verbs, e.g., motion being
dance, dancing 3.2 linking element in complex words. bd f. abd f. 1 populated place, domicile 2
e.g., from house to house face to face 3.3
indicates the vocative, e.g., ! oh, Ahmed! 3.4 in verbs bdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
beginning with the phoneme "a" a separate part of the verb, in populated, be settled 2 to be tilled, be cultivated, have been
laconic sentences in the perfective aspect, e.g., , etc. tilled (of land) 3 to be built, be restored 4 to prosper, succeed
Did you take the book? / Yes, I
bdedna f. abdedna f. 1 population 2
did. cultivation, tilling (land)
2
u o Eastern replaces the perfective aspect prefix, e.g., absind m. Ind (river)
instead of he said abganj f. relatives, kinsmen (on the father's side), agnates
3
vocative particle oh, listen ! Hey, boy, (any paternal kinsmen)
come here! ! Papa! Father! 2 interjection ah, aha bmb r m. reservoir, pool
4
interjection, demonstrative pronoun colloquial 1 b-va-adzhd d m. b-u-adzhd d Arabic plural
one told the other that fathers and grandfathers, ancestors
official abbreviation
5
abn-va-dzhddn Arabic from generation to generation
an n Arabic adverbial prefix e.g., eternally officially b-i-istd f. Ab-i-Istada (lake, near the city of Gazni)
1 b m. v singular & plural 1 water, moisture 2 brilliance, abi 1 ancestral 2 native native land
luster (of a precious stone) 3 honor, dignity, reputation bb z m. vb z 1 swimmer 2 sailor
to disgrace, dishonor (someone) bbz f. vbz 1 swimming 2 aquatic sport
to be disgraced, be dishonored to preserve bp sh f. 1 pouring; watering watering machine
one's honor He is a respected man. 2 watering can
2 ab m. [plural: ] Arabic father bpsh f. watering, irrigation
1 ab m. Arabic father to regard as father; call bt b m.
(honorifically) father btb f.
2
ib f. Arabic refusal to refuse, decline, ibtid Arabic 1 f. beginning, undertaking
reject in the very beginning from the very beginning
3 b m. Arabic plural of 2 linguistics cluster of consonants at the beginning of a
b t word to begin 2.1 firstly 2.2 for the first time
abtb m. fatherhood ibtid Arabic adjective 1.1 elementary; first-stage; first-
bt f. abt f. echelon, primary elementary school
b d ab d 1 populated, settled, inhabited primary organization 2 rudimentary, primitive, weak (e.g., of a
This district was settled by Afghans. 2 tilled, play) 3 administration junior assistant department
cultivated cultivated lands 3 flourishing chief 4 chemistry elemental raw material
! Long live our Native Land! 4 restored 5 well- ibtiz l m. Arabic 1 carelessness; negligence 2 meanness,
nourished, fat (of animals) baseness
bd n abd n 1 2 m. plural Abadan (city) abtr avtr adjective 1 destroyed; spoiled 2 useless;
bdn f. abdn f. 1 population, number of unnecessary; good-for-nothing
settlers 2 prosperity; well being 3 organization of public abtarz m. technology level
services and amenities; construction abtaravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
bdavl abdavl 1 [past: ] denominative, destroy, pull down 2 to spoil, make worse 3 to make useless,
transitive .1 to populate, settle 1.2 to till, cultivate (the land); make unnecessary
revitalize (e.g., the desert) 1.3 to restore 1.4 to provide with abtar f. 1 destruction, disintegration 2 spoiling,
the amenities; construct to build a building 1.5 to worsening, uselessness idiom to cause
promote development, promote prosperity confusion
1
abtaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 1

abd l m. avd l Arabic 1 saint; hermit, anchorite (solitary
destroyed, be pulled down 2 to be spoiled, be worsened 3 to holy man) 2 proper name Abdal
be useless, be unnecessary 2 ibd l m. Arabic change, alteration
ibtik r m. Arabic 1 initiative, undertaking ibdlavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
He/they displayed initiative. 2 invention change, alter
ibtikr creative, full of initiative idiom a abdl m. avdl plural history the Abdali (tribe, now
impromptu b unique pronunciation called the Dur(r)ani)
ubtl m. ubtla f. bd n m. vd n tank, reservoir (for water)
abat invariable 1 unavailing, futile, unsucessful 2 perished, bid f. Arabic m. [plural: bid t] sacred and holy
destroyed a render useless, futile b ruin, spoil thing
ibtih dzh m. Arabic 1 gaiety 2 pleasure 3 rejoicing, abad Arabic 1 eternal, endless 2 life-long life
gladness imprisonment
abdzhd m. Arabic abjad (i.e., the Arabic alphabet arranged abadijt m. Arabic plural eternity
according to the numberical values assigned to the letters, so- abr m. cloud, storm cloud
called from the first 4 letters , , , i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4) ibr f. Arabic 1 liberation (e.g., from an obligation) 2
alphabetic calculation, use of Arabic alphabet for forgiveness (e.g., of a debt) compound verb a to
numbers liberate (e.g., from a debt) b to forgive (e.g., a debt)
abdzhad pertaining to the abjad (i.e., the Arabic alphabet abr r m. Arabic plural [singular: ]devout people, just
arranged according to the numberical values assigned to the men, saints
letters) the letters of the abjad ibr z m. Arabic 1 discovery, revelation 2 demonstration
bidzhu m. plural beer compound verb a to discover, reveal b to demonstrate
abdzhsha f. [plural: abdzhshi] often plural ibr m m. Arabic urgent request to request
"abjush" a variety of large, light-colored currant, the light urgently, demand
"sabza" (a variety of currant having pale fruit- usually dried) ibrhm m. Arabic proper name Ibrahim, Abraham
bchakn moire, having an undulating appearance or ibrhimkhl m. birrimkhl plural 1 Ibrahimkheli
texture velvet moire (subdivision of a tribe) a of the Waziri-Utmanzaj b of the
abh s m. Arabic plural of heated Gil'zaj-Sulimankhejlej c of the Zamusht 2 Ibrakhimkhejl
disputes, heated debates (tribesman)
abh r m. Arabic plural from brasn f. water supply water-
bkhn f. reservoir tank truck
bkhra f. watering; a watering place abrk m. singular & plural mica Muscovite,
bkhur f. vkhur mug (for water), flask, water bottle white mica
abd m. Arabic plural eternity constantly, eternally, 1
brv m. vrv aqueduct
forever, for good irrigation ditch
abdn Arabic 1 constantly, eternally, forever, for good 2 2
br m. br f. plural honor, dignity, reputation
quite, entirely He hasn't a clue. He doesn't know to do honor, respect to shame,
at all. dishonor
bid t m. Arabic plural from 3 abr m. [plural: abru n] eyebrow
bd r vd r 1.1 watery, humid, damp 1.2 juicy (of fruits) brumn brumnd 1 honorable 2 deserving,
1.3 sparkling, shining (of pure water, precious stones) 1.4 respected, estimable
worthy, respected, glorious, honorable 1.5 tempered, hardened brumandn 1 deserving, estimable
(steel) 2 m. .1 butler 2.2 major-domo 2.3 person who in a deserving fashion or manner 2 in a worthy fashion or
affects irrigation manner
bdravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
abr 1 right side (i.e., of clothing) 2 small shawl (worn at
glorify; esteem, honor, revere the waist) 3 sash, girdle 4 kashmir shawl 5 paper with a
bdr f. 1 glory, honor, dignity f. 2 hardening (steel) design (for wrapping or bookbinding)
bdredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be 2 ibr f. harvest; picking (e.g., fruit)
glorified, be esteemed, be honored, be revered 3 ibr f. Arabic 1 needle 2 pointer
ibd ' f. Arabic discovery, invention ibravr pertaining to harvest or crops; fertile
2
1
abr cloudy ablah f. Arabic foolishness, nonsense, folly
2
abr paper with design (for wrapping or abledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
bookbinding) bared, be exposed 2 to have someone's shoes removed
brz vrz lavatory, latrine ibls m. Arabic devil, satan
abrekhm m. plural bmnd honorable, worthy, respected
ubj f. ibn m. [plural: abn ] Arabic son (in proper names)
-bs Well, that's it!; That's all! bn f. bnj m. strait, sound Dardanelles
abasanj ibn-i-sin m. ibna-Sina, Avicenna (Arab physician and
bsh r m. waterfall philospher, 980-1037)
bshin s m. pilot (maritime) bn s m. Arabic singular & plural black wood, ebony
1 ibt l m. Arabic 1 destruction 2 rejection medicine bnus adjective of black wood, of ebony
idiom anaesthesia uba f.
2 abt l m. Arabic plural abt l m. from Arabic 1 ab m. father (in proper names) Abubekr
ab' d m. Arabic plural [singular: ]1 distances 2 math 2 ub Western oblique plural of
dimensions, measurements abv b m. Arabic plural of 1
abk m. affectionate Papa Oh Papa! abulhul m. Arabic sphinx
bknd m. ravine ubuvvt m. Arabic 1 fatherhood 2 patriarchy
b-i-kavsr m. religion 1 water of the heavenly river butb m. 1 brilliance, splendor 2 dignity
Kavsar 2 nectar 3 proper name the Kavsar River (in NW to speak importantly, speak with dignity, speak
Afghanistan) grandiloquently
bg m. ubudz la f. sponge
bgsht m. vgsht bouillon b-u-dn f. 1 subsistence, food 2 that which is
abl 1 naked 2 barefoot ( to go, be) barefoot necessary to exist
Eastern (to go, be) barefoot obs m. howitzer
ibl gh m. Arabic notification, report, information obus adjective howitzer
iblgavl denominative [past: ] to notify, report, b-u-hav f. climate
inform abavijt 1 fatherhood 2 position or role of an ancestor or
ibladadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be forefather

communicated, be informed abavjn m. Arabic dual parents, father and mother
iblgijn f. Arabic 1 (official) communication, 1 ab to get by, live in poverty, live from hand to
communique situation report, SITREP (re military mouth
operations) 2 ab m. abbot
abltb m. nudity, nakedness ibhm m. Arabic 1 doubt 2 vagueness, uncertainty,
abl ablk Arabic 1 motley, parti-colored 2 piebald confusion to eliminate doubt, introduce clarity
3 figurative two-faced, hypocritical He is a 1 b ab 1 moist, humid 2 pertaining to watering,
hypocrite. irrigation 3 sky blue sky-blue eyes 4 water
ubln water routes hydraulic power
ablts 1 adult, of full legal age 2 youthful 2 abj f. [plural: abj abjg ni] 1 mama,
teenager, lad, youth mommy (affectionate form of address) 2 mom (form of address
ablsta 1 feminine singular of 2 f. girl to an elderly woman) 3 (child's) nurse, nanny 4 servant,
ablutsedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to female worker
attain adulthood, reach maturity bij f. pace to pace (i.e., special gait used in
ablavl denominative, transitive [ past: ] 1 to horsemanship)
bare, expose 2 to take off someone's shoes abj t m. Arabic plural 1
abla f. plural of
1
bjr f. watering, irrigation to water, irrigate
2 ablh Arabic stupid, bad bjn f. collection or accumulation of water
ablahn 1 stupid, foolish stupid words, abidzh n m. Abidzhan (city)
foolish words 2 stupidly, foolishly abr m. singular & plural ambergris, fragrance, perfume
ablakub f. inoculation, vaccination abjz Arabic combining form white White Sea
3
abjza buhajr the White Sea apin jn m. apinjn the Appenine peninsula
abjavr dialect fast, swift (horses, etc.) the Appenines
abjavar f. t Arabic plural suffix 1 usually used with Arabic nouns, and
ap a to scrape together, accumulate, rarely for nouns borrowed from other languages, e.g.,
acquire with difficulty b to steal (something) necessities wishes 2 forms the second plural of
aprtm n m. 1 multiple dwelling house (of the European Arabic nouns, e.g., newspapers
type) 2 apartment htzunav atzunav pertaining to the United States of
pt m. ! That's bad! America; belonging to the USA; American
apat htzun atzun m. & f. the United States of America, the
aprn m. apron USA the United States of America, the USA
upr 1 adjective foreign 2 m. singular & plural foreigner, tsh m. [ plural: tsheg n] attach
foreigners military attache military attache
iprt m. plural yperite, mustard gas at m m. 1 2 crumbs (of bread)
aprid m. singular of 1 itb r m. regional Sunday
aprshn m. operation (surgical) 2 ittib r m. colloquial
aprl m. April ittibr colloquial I believed
prn him.
apasanj to play "tip cat" (a game in which a pointed 1 atb 1 masculine plural of 2 subjects, nationals
stick of wood is made to spring up from the ground by being foreign subjects, foreign nationals
struck on the tip with a stick, and is then batted as far as 2 ittib f. Arabic 1 obedience 2 following, shadowing
possible) someone 3 observation, maintenance (of principles)
apss m. ittidzh h f. Arabic [plural: ittidzhh t] 1 direction,
apl adverb barefoot course (of a ship, aircraft) 2 inclination, bent, aspiration 3
apl t empty, nonsensical to babble, talk nonsense, tendency
talk rot ittih d m. Arabic 1 unity 2 union Soviet

apltnd babbling, talking nonsense, talking rot Union Union of Soviet
babbler, windbag Socialist Republics, the USSR 3 union, bloc alliance
ipl s m. defense alliance
aplt ittihd-i-isl m m. Pan-Islamism
aplatnd ittihdnm f. allied treaty
aplt m. babbler, windbag ittihd 1 union union republic, federal
apn m. plural opium republic 2 federal
apin jn m. ittihdij f. Arabic 1 unified body, union
pandist m. medicine appendicitis trade union All-Union
pandks m. anatomy appendix Chamber of Commerce Union of Soviet
apu 1 turned over, unscrewed 2 oppressed, despotized, Writers history League of Nations 2 alliance,
enslaved bloc military alliance
apavl transitive ittikh z m. Arabic 1 collection 2 reception, acceptance,
ap f. endeavor, striving taking compound verb a to collect b to receive,
ap [plural: apijn] 1 viper, adder 2 snake accept, take He decided.
apz m. colloquial atr knowing, witting, informed I know
apl m. regional law 1 appeal to appeal 2 request nothing of this matter. I am not informed about it.
for a new hearing utr gh m. utr m. stand, mooring, parking, halt, rest-
apell transitive [past: ] swallow, gulp down, stop to be halted, be parked, be moored; have a rest-
ingurgitate stop, arrange a halt
apm m. plural opium atrng m. singular & plural botany henna, alkanna
apimch m. apim m. opium smoker ataravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to inform,
apn m. plural opium notify
atra f. trunk, body, torso
4
atri doublet based (upon), be founded (upon) b to rely, depend, set hope
ataredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be upon (someone, something)
informed, be notified ittik military supporting defended post,
otrsh m. Austria strong point
ittis ' f. Arabic 1 broadening, expansion 2 extensiveness, atkaj f. handcuffs, manacles
magnitude, roominess, spaciousness atk f. atkj f. 1 mother (affectionate form of address)
tsh m. tsh 1 fire 2 gunfire volley 2 grandmother (affectionate form of address)
line of fire firepower 3 used as the first element in atl 1 courageous, brave, valorous 2 m. .1 distinguished
compounds, e.g., fireworks person, talented person 2.2 epic hero 2.3 hero 2.4 champion
tashafsh n tashand z 1 adjective flame- itl f m. Arabic
throwing 2 m. flame-thrower atlntk adjective Atlantic
tashbr f. artillery fire ataltn m. operational department (Soviet strategic,
tashbz f. fireworks tactical term)
tashparst m. fire worshipper 1 atls m. 1 satin (cloth) 2 proper name Atlas
tashparast f. fire worship 2 atlas numeral
tashkhn f. 1 focus, pocket, center (e.g., infection) 2 3 atls 1
shelf; lock, block, bolt (of a rifle, etc.); fuse, primer, detonator 4 tlas m. atlas (e.g., geographic reference)
(armament) atlasm ordinal
tashd r 1 incendiary 2 pertaining to firearms atlsa f. proper name Atlasa
weapon (firearm) atalgd m. military transfer, redeployment of troops
tashfish n 1 pyrogenetic, volcanic atalvl m. military Chief of Operations Department
volcano 2 m. flamethrower atalv la f. talent, (personal) gift
tashfishn f. volcanic eruption atm ordinal eighth
tashk m. 1 agriculture anthracnose (plant disease) itm m m. Arabic completion, conclusion
vineyard anthracnose 2 syphilis 1 utmndz m. plural 1 2 utmnzj m.
tashgr m. tinder, wick
1 atash m. utmnkhl 1 m. plural the Utmankhejli 1a a tribe 1b
2 tash 1 adjective fire, pertaining to gunfire a subdivsion of the Orakzai tribe 2 Utmankhejl (person)
curtain of fire 2 accumulated, amassed 3 bright 4 figurative 1 utmnz m. plural Utmanzi (a subdivision of (a.) the
given to anger, quick to anger idiom magnifying Waziri tribe; (b.) the Momandi tribe) 2 utmnzi m. plural
glass the Utmanzai
ittis l m. Arabic 1 contiguity 2 joining, junction, tie, bond atamb r m.
connecting link to join, connect atmosfr m. atmosphere
to join (something to something else), tn m. Athens (city)
associate oneself with someone 3 continuity htna f. Etna
ittisl Arabic joining, connecting htnogrf f. ethnography
ittif k m. Arabic 1 contiguity, coincidence 2 consent, utna f. doublet
agreement to come to an understanding, come atnm vice at eight-thirty
to an agreement with someone at m. 1 the Atan (national dance) 2 dance
all are in agreement with the fact that a to dance b to whirl in the air (of birds)
they have agreed that 3 unanimity consensus atavl m. one who dances the Atan; dancer
a in concord, with mutual, common consent b ata adjective dancing dancer
unanimously 4 case, event, occurrence 5 good luck, success 1 ut m. flatiron flatiron compound verb
ittif kn Arabic 1 unanimously, by consensus 2 by chance, to iron, press
now and then 2 at m. proper name Ato
ittifk Arabic accidental, fortuitous 3 at oblique of 2
accidentally, by chance itvr m. regional Sunday
ittik f. Arabic 1 support 2 hope, reliance, expectation 1 atb m. dialect a sweet odalda or pancake (cooked in
hope, reliance, expectation a to be butter)
5
2 atb m. Eastern sweet gruel; scrambled eggs guess b to make a statement by guesswork 2 likening,
otorit f. 1 power 2 authority comparison 3 judgement, opinion 4 check, test, trial
otokr m. bus, intercity bus akalavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
atm m. atom suppose, think, consider 2 to compare 3 to make a judgment
atomt m. automatic device automatic concerning something; evaluate something
telephone station, automatic telephone switching installation to underestimate 4 to estimate 5 to check; test
atomtik automatic automatically to check oneself
to automate akalavna f. 1 assumption, guess 2 comparison 3
atomobl m. evaluation 4 estimate 5 check, test
atom atomk adjective nuclear, atom atkal 1 approximate, rough, near (as in guess, estimate)
atomic energy nuclear power station according to rough calculations 2 notional
physics atomic weight akaladl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
atoj m. last person (e.g., in a queue), bringing up the rear be assumed, be considered 2 to be capable of comparison, be
1 ta f. 1 cubit (measure of length) to measure a compared 3 to be evaluated 4 to be checked, be tested
length 2 pace akr m. the application of a hot brick or other object to a
at numeral eight
2
sore spot
3 at f. regional prison cell akoravl denominative, transitive [ past:
ittihm m. Arabic accusation, suspicion ]to treat by applying a hot object to a sore spot
ittihmnm f. Arabic bill of indictment akoredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
atanzaj m. half-rupee (eight annas in Indian money) be treated by the application of a hot object to a sore spot
atlas numeral eighteen 1 akj f. hiccough to hiccough
atlasm ordinal eighteenth 2 ukj m. pipe, flue
atvsht numeral twenty-eight als m. atlas
t Arabic following, next, supervenient tli f.
atj numeral eighty aambr m. crowd, assemblage, gathering
atjn Arabic afterwards, later on, subsequently, in the future aambaravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
itjt m. colloquial to assemble, unite 2 to arrange, put right
atte f. 1 patience 2 satisfaction a to endure, aambraredl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
stand, suffer b to content oneself with, be contented 1 to be assembled, be united, be accumulated 2 to be arranged,
tij f. Arabic future be set right
aaj f. 1 country house, dacha 2 farmstead, villa (usually aodzj m. bazaar, market
with two stories and a tower) 3 Afridi upper story a-u-s hither and thither, back and forth
al 1 uneasy, worried 2 banned, not permitted, detained 3 am m.
unoccupied, unemployed 4 repulsed, repelled aomik
aom aomk
alavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to am wasl f. dirty bomb
trouble, disturb, alarm 2 to detain, bother, obstruct 3 to
1 a f. ball, skein (of thread) to wind, reel to
prevent from working 4 to beat off, repel
be wound, be reeled
aledl [past: ] 1 to worry, be agitated, be alarmed
2 a f. whim
2 to be detained, be stoped 3 to be prevented from working 4
aa-o m. plural finely-milled flour
to be repulsed, be repelled
1 atj f. 1
aled m. plural 1 worry, agitation, alarm 2 delay, halt 2 atj f. shop, store
av f. Ottawa (city) 3 a plural of 1
ur m. 4 i plural of 2
atskaj m. sneezing to sneeze aern m. 1 spool, reel 2 pachisi, ateran (game with dice)
ak Atak (city) the Ind River compound verb a to reel b to play pachisi
akl m. 1 supposition, guess, proposal aerl [past: ]1 to suffer from indigestion, suffer from
miscalculation, blunder to suppose, guess
dyspepsia 2 to overeat, overfeed, be stuffed
to make a rough estimate a to divine,
6
aern suffering from indigestion, suffering from dyspepsia idzhrt Arabic m. idzhr f. Arabic 1 lease, rental
aerna f. indigestion, dyspepsia rent lease, rental contract 2
aenshn regional military Attention! (as a command) purchase (of land) 3 contract a to
compound verb to stand at attention lease, take on lease, rent b to assume ownership c to put
aiv l m. shopkeeper (something) out to contract, contract (something) out 4 leased
as s m. ass-ul-bjt m. Arabic furniture; sector of land idiom history lend-lease law
household furnishings; utensils idzhr akhistnkaj m. leaseholder, lessee, tenant
s r m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 ruins (antiquities), idzhradr m. Arabic 1 leaseholder, lessor, tenant 2
monuments historical monuments freeholder 3 contractor
hifs-i protection of ancient moments 3 works, writings, idzhradr f. 1 lease, rent 2 possession based on lease
compositions idzhrav l m.

m. Arabic confirmation, proof udz dispersed, scattered, dissipated
He nodded his head affirmatively. to confirm, udzhavl denominative to scatter, disperse, dissipate
prove I can prove it. udzhedl denominative [past: ] to be scattered,
It has been also proven that be dispersed
compound verb compound verb udzhed m. plural sparseness, dispersion
isbtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to idzhzt m. idzhaz f. Arabic 1 permission,
confirm, prove authorization with someone's
isbtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be permission without authorization
confirmed, be corroborated, be proven to be to receive someone's permission
attested by signature to request someone's permission to
asr m. [plural: asarna Arabic plural: s r give permission, authorize compound verb to be
plural: asar t] 1 track to detect someone's authorized; be granted (rights, etc.) May I? May one?
tracks; find No tracks of any kind were Do I have your permission? it is allowed, One can, you
detected. 2 sign, symbol 3 impression, influence, action, effect may, 2 approval, sanction to have received
to influence, affect approval, be sanctioned, be approved 3 right to have
to exert a bad influence upon the right
to influence to act, operate, idzhzanm f. 1 license, authorization, certificate 2
exert influence on 4 leadership a under the pass, permit 3 admission (i.e., to premises); admittance
influence b under the leadership 5 literary production, udzhgh m. hearth
literary work idiom as a result of dzh l m. Arabic plural of
as a result, consequence of adzhnb m. Arabic plural of
asr f. adzhj to think only of food
asar bewitching, alluring adzhb colloquial
askl m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 ballast idzhb r m. Arabic compulsion; obligation to
asn m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 interval, mean 3 force, compel, oblige, constrain
interval of time, interval of space in time in idzhb rn Arabic by force, compulsorily, by compulsion
the course of at that time, in the meantime idzhbr Arabic compulsory, obligatory
asvb m. Arabic plural of obligatory military service to be
sr m. history Assyria compelled (e.g., as a result of a court decision)
sur 1 adjective history Assyrian 2 m. Assyrian (person) adzht m. colloquial
asr m. Arabic plural ether idzhtim ' f. Arabic 1 m. [plural: idzhuma' t] 1
asjub 1 adjective Ethiopian 2 m. Ethiopian (person) meeting; gathering 2 military build-up, massing (of the enemy)
asjubij f. Ethiopia 3 public, social life 4 [plural: idzhtim 'vi] society,
idzhbt m. Arabic 1 granting (satisfaction) of a request 2 collective
favorable attitude 3 careful (attentive) hearing a to idzhtima' n Arabic 1 in a social relationship 2
satisfy a request, respond to a request b to regard favorably c unanimously
to give a careful (attentive) hearing idzhtim' Arabic 1.1 public, social public
life social system social sciences
7
to socialize (the means of production) 1.2 adzhz m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 2 component parts,
adjective collective 2 m. [plural: idzhtim'ijn] elements 3 matter 4 organs, members (or similar)
sociologist grammar parts of a sentence a basic elements b
idzhtim'j t m. Arabic plural social problems, principal parts (of a sentence)
problems of public life, problems of social life; social life, adzhsm m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 substances
public life adzhskaj colloquial pitiful, poor
idzhtinb m. Arabic 1 avoidance, evasion; removal 2 udzhghna f. udzhghna f. goat's wool
abstention to avoid, shun something, adzhl m. Arabic [plural: dzh l] 1 end of life; hour of
abstain from something death; death folklore And now came my
idzhtih d m. Arabic 1 diligence, endeavor, zeal 2 last hour, my end doomed; dying 2 limit; (fixed)
adzhd m. Arabic plural of 1 term
adzhddparast f. ancestor worship adzhdd adzhp moral, pure (of a person)
Arabic ancestral, traditional idzhls m. Arabic session, sitting, conference
1
dzhr m. brick (baked in a kiln) plenum, plenary session to confer, hold a conference
2
dzhr m. dzhar Arabic [plural: udzhr] 1 reward, idzhls idzhlsij singular & plural
recompense, compensation to receive plenary session, plenum session
compensation for one's labor to compensate adzhldzj m. back of the head, occiput
proverb be patient, patience is liberally adzhl-rasid doomed, dying
rewarded 2 pay, payment 3 repayment, retribution idzhm ' f. Arabic 1 religion unanimous decision or
1
idzhr f. Arabic [m. plural: idzhr t] fulfillment, opinion of theologians 2 assembly, convocation 3
implementation, accomplishment, realization congregation, council
military command of execution (i.e., as opposed to preparatory idzhml m. Arabic 1 short account, brief description,
command) to carry (something) out to abstract, summary 2 short survey, compendium, resum
accomplish compound verb to fulfill, idzhmln Arabic briefly; concisely; in general, outline; as
implement, accomplish, realize, carry out compound an abstract; summarily
verb to be fulfilled, be implemented, be accomplished, be idzhml Arabic short, concise, recapitulative, summary
carried out, be realized to put a law into adzhml Arabic 1 most beautiful; perfect 2 m. proper
effect name Adzhmal, Ajmal
2 udzhar m. Arabic plural of adzhnb m. Arabic plural of 1
adzhrm m. Arabic plural of heavenly adzhns m. Arabic plural of exports,
bodies export goods
idzhrjav idzhr Arabic 1 executive adzhnab Arabic 1.1 strange, alien, foreign, outlandish
executive power executive committee 2 foreign words 1.2 unfamiliar 2 m. [plural:
administrative adzhnabij n Arabic adzhnb] 2.1 foreigner, alien 2.2
idzhrij f. 1 executive power 2 administrator stranger
administrative department, management directorate adzhnabijt m. Arabic condition of being alien or foreign;
mudr-i head of the management directorate foreignness, alien
dzhurpz m. bricklayer adzhn m. regional agent
dzhurpaz f. firing, kilning bricks kiln for adzhen f. adzhen f. agenda, order of the day
firing bricks to include in the agenda
udzhrt m. Arabic pay, recompense, wage to adzhens f. 1 agency 2 organ (establishment,
receive pay to earn to pay organization)
to demand an increase in wages or salary dzha f. woman who has completed a haj (i.e., pilgrimage
adzhrist n m. Adzhristan (district) to Mecca); pilgrim
udzhr f. colloquial adzhvt 1 united 2 side by side, next to; adjacent,
dzhu adjective brick contiguous
idzh m. [plural: idzhag n] scoundrel, villain, adzhvtv laj m. 1 joining, junction, connection,
rascal combination 2 bring next to, bring alongside; closeness of fit;
contiguity
8
adzhvatavl denominative [past: past: blanket 1.4 to spread 1.5 to put, place, put together
]to unite, join, connect, close to lead a pack on a camel 1.6 to lay (eggs) 1.7 to strew,
adzhvatavna f. joining, junction, addition, binding pour (in, into) to sprinkle salt, salt a to
together strew seed, sprinkle grain b to sow 1.8 to pour, pour out
adzhvta adzhvta pour me a cup of tea to refuel 1.9 to
give, feed (animals) 1.10 to fertilize, fertilize the soil 1.11
adzhvatedl denominative [past: ] unite; join, pass, give pass me the bread 1.12 to register
connect; close (up, in) (mail) 1.13 to lower, let down, launch to
udzhr m. Arabic plural of 2 launch a boat He hung his head. 1.14 to
udzhur f. Arabic pay; wages; compensation to establish, set up (e.g., communications with someone) 1.15 to
earn build 1.16 to bind, fasten (to) 1.17 to place, put, settle, lodge;
udzhutakr hired, rented assign a billet, quarter 1.18 to assign work, put to work 1.19
udzhurakr f. Arabic work performed for pay; salary, to send (to school) 1.20 to hand in (an application); institute (a
earnings suit) to bring a suit against someone 1.21 to
adzhvf m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 anatomy cavity 3 entrust to make someone responsible for
belly, interior 4 womb dzha f. dialect leech something 1.22 to set aside, adjourn; drag out (an affair) !
adzh m. colloquial hadji Put it off until tomorrow! 1.23 to draw up (e.g., a
adzhin m. adzhidn m. colloquial adjutant plan); sketch in, make a rough sketch or outline to
adzhidn f. duties of an adjutant draw up a plan to plot something
adzhir m. Arabic [plural: adhir n Arabic plural: against someone 1.24 to make oneself out to be someone;
udzhar ] temporary worker pretend to be someone else; claim something as one's own
adzhir hired, leased property He pretended to be deaf. 1.25 to
uch dialect start, set going; put into service, put into operation; utilize
ch r pickles to pickle (literally and figuratively) to commit troops to battle 1.26 instill (in);
achnk regional suddenly; unexpectedly; all of a sudden install (in), establish to inculcate
to make an unexpected request love for the motherland 1.27 to make, produce, effect
1 achv m. plural 1 throwing, flinging, hurling 2 to set on fire to greet a to throw oneself,
knocking down 3 attacking, assaulting 4 filling in 5 pouring, rush b to make oneself out to be someone else, imitate someone
pouring out 6 lowering; letting down, pulling down else, pretend to be someone else to pretend to be
achv achavj Western imperfect of
2
dead to feign illness, malinger c to expose
ucht oneself to something, subject oneself to something
uchatv laj m. to be on friendly terms, establish friendship with
uchatavl transitive someone 2 m. plural 1 1 idiom to
uchatedl intransitive quarrel
uchlaj m. 2 uchavl transitive dialect
1 achakz m. plural 1 2 achakzj m. uchvlaj m. uchvlaj brow, forehead
2 achavunj m. achavunj f. miscarriage
uchkl m. six-month-old lamb achavnkaj present participle of 1
uchakj f. dialect small island, islet mortar bomber
achmch m. achmch m. the game of tip cat (a achch f. prop, support
game in which a pointed piece of wood called a cat is made to achht regional 1 untouchable 2 m. member of the
spring up from the ground by being struck on the tip with a stick untouchable caste
and is then batted as far as possible) uchedl intransitive dialect
ach f. blackberry (the plant or the fruit) adzabatb m. flight, desertion
1 achavl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 throw, fling, adzba f.
hurl, drop (from a height); throw out, cast to throw adzbaj m.
on the ground to drop bombs 1.2 to bring, knock atsk m. proper name Atsak
down to bring an aircraft down 1.3 atsakz m. plural 1
throw on, throw over, put on to cover with a
9
1 atsakz m. astaskijn plural the Achakzai ihtik r m. Arabic buying up or cornering the market on
(tribe) 2 atsakzj m. the Achakzaj goods (for the purpose of speculation); profiteering; speculation
utskza f. post, pole (of a tent) to buy up goods; speculate
atsal transitive [past: ] 1 to level, make even, ihtikr adjective profiteering, speculative gouging
smooth over 2 to arrange, put right, adjust, regulate 3 music to ihtim l m. Arabic 1 probability, possibility, supposition,
tune 4 to baste, join loosely likelihood this is improbable; this is impossible
1
ats f. thighbone, femur in all probability 2 patience, endurance 3
2
tsa f. 1 endeavor, aspiration 2 attempt, trial 3 rush 4 chance, unexpectedness
forward movement, advance a to endeavor, strive b to ihtimln Arabic probably, possibly
try, attempt c to rush, throw oneself upon ihtiml Arabic probable; possible; supposed; conjectural;
I rushed him. d to conduct an advance hypothetical, presumable; permissible math
hd m. Arabic plural of 2 theory of probability grammar past conjectural
ahds m. plural of (mood)
iht f. Arabic 1 encirclement, envelopment, action of ihtij dzh m. Arabic [plural: ihtijdzhna Arabic
surrounding 2 seige 3 enclosed place 4 fence, enclosure 5 plural: ihtijdzh t] need, want, necessity
understanding, comprehension compound verb a to pressing needs; basic requirements
encircle, envelop, surround b to beseige c to understand, in case of necessity to need, require
comprehend 6 district, sphere to satisfy needs, satisfy requirements
ihta military flanking, outflanking a fall into extreme need
flanking movement ihtij t m. Arabic 1 care, caution, discretion, precaution
ihl f. Arabic transmission, handing over, presentation (of very carefully not withstanding
an award, etc.), delivery carrying to an absurdity all the precautionary measures which were taken to
ihtidzh dzh m. Arabic 1 protest 2 refusal be careful 2 prudence 3 reserve, reserve supply
ihtir z m. Arabic 1 care, caution, prudence, military reserve platoon
circumspectness, discretion to act with ihtij tn Arabic out of caution, as a precautionary
caution, act with discretion 2 avoidance, abstemiousness, measure, in any event
temperance a beware of, be wary of, be careful b ihtijtk r ihtij tkra 1 careful, wary,
avoid, abstain from provident 2 prudent
ihtir m. Arabic burning, combustion; ignition ihtijtkr f. 1, 2
internal combustion engine ihtijt Arabic 1.1 and 1.2
ihtir m m. Arabic 1 reprect, honor, esteem, deference, spare, reserve military reserve
consideration, homage, respects (e.g., "last respects") military reserve platoon 2 m. military reservist
with great respect, with great esteem ahdzhib m. Arabic plural of 1
guard of honor artillery salute ahd Arabic 1 united, single, one 2 m. [plural: h d]
self-respect, self-esteem respect for rank discrete (separate) person, individual, person
to pay respects, render homage to someone; treat ihd s m. Arabic [plural: ihdsna Arabic plural:
someone with respect; esteem someone; take someone's opinion ihads t] 1 invention, innovation 2 finding, discovery
into consideration to pay someone a courtesy (i.e., of resources) a to invent b to find, discover
visit 2 observance (of a law or custom), carrying out, (i.e., resources)
accomplishment (of an obligation or duty) to ahad Arabic single, separate, only
observe neutrality ahadijt m. Arabic 1 singleness, singularity (i.e., in math)
ihtirmn with deference, with respect I 2 consent, assent 3 unity
have the honor to inform you ahr r m. plural [singular: ]1 history freeborn, freemen
ihtis b m. Arabic supervision of municipal authorities of 2 nobles 3 politics liberals
the accuracy and correctness of weights and measures in the ihrz m. Arabic 1 achievement (act of receiving), reception
market the assumption of a post (e.g., of the president of a
ihtf l m. Arabic 1 meeting, gathering 2 festival, fte, republic); entry into office 2 meaning, significance
solemnity to acquire paramount significance
ahzb m. Arabic plural of
10
ihss m. Arabic [plural: ihssna Arabic ihzredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1

plural: ihss t] feeling, sensation to be trained (of personnel) 2 to be summoned (i.e., to court) 3
compound verb We to be admitted (i.e., of candidates) 4 to be called up (into the
did not feel the cold at all. army) 5 diplomacy to be recalled
ihsst sensitive, emotional ihzrij f. Arabic summons (to court), subpoena
ihssavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 ahfd m. 1 Arabic plural of 2 descendants
to feel, sense He felt a strong shock. 2 ih m. Arabic 1 the ascertainment of the truth, the
to experience, feel establishment of the truth 2 recognition of the legal right,
ihssadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] recognition of justice
to be felt, be experienced ahr Arabic comparative & superlative degree of
ihsn m. Arabic 1 favor, grace, kindness, goodness most contemptible, most paltry epistolary my most
to be gracious to someone, show kindness to contemptible, worthless or paltry self
someone to consider oneself obliged to someone ahkm m. 1 Arabic plural of 1 2 religion
I am not obliged to him for anything. commandments
You have done me much ahkmt m. second person plural of
kindness. I am very much obliged to you. 2 gift, ahlm m. Arabic plural of
donation ahmd m. proper name Ahmed Ahmed-Shah
ihsnfarmush f. thanklessness, ingratitude Durani, Ahmed-Shah Durrani
ihsnmn ihsnmnd obliged, grateful, ahmadz m. plural 1
thankful to someone, have been shown much favor (by 1 ahmadz m. plural the Akhmadzai (a sub-tribe of: a
someone) the Waziri Tribe; b the Sulayman Khel Tribe (in turn
ahsnt Arabic excellent; bravo; well done subordinated to the Gilzai); c the Ushtarani Tribe) 2 ahamadzj
ihs f. Arabic 1 calculation; math calculus 2 m. Akhmadzai (person)
enumeration, census, accounting a to count, calculate ahmad Arabic pertaining to Mohammed (the founder of
b to enumerate Islam); Mohammedan
ihsijav ihs statistical ahmadij f. Arabic the Akhmadija, the Ahmadiya (a
statistical data Muslim sect)
ihsij f. Arabic [plural: ihsij m. plural: ahmr red salb-i International Red
ihsijt] 1 calculation, counting, tallying, census Cross Society
a population census to calculate; ihmirr m. Arabic reddening, redness
conduct a census 2 statistics Chief of the ahmra buhajr f. the Red Sea
Statistical Directorate Chief of the Statistical ahm Arabic 1 stupid, foolish 2 fool, dolt, ignoramus
Department statistics (the science) 3 [plural: ahman 1 stupid, foolhardy this was stupid
ihsijt] statistical information; data, numerical data 2 stupidly, in foolhardy manner
ihsijanavs m. statistician ahmatb m. 1
ihzr m. Arabic 1 training (of personnel) ahmav laj m. 1
training of teachers 2 summons (i.e., to court) 3 1 ahma f. stupidity, foodhardiness, a stupid trick
admission (i.e., of candidates) 4 draft, call up 2 ahmi feminine plural of
to draft or call up for military service 5 recall (i.e., of ahvz m. Arabic plural of
a diplomatic representative) compound verb ahv l m. singular & plural m. Arabic plural of
compound verb [plural: ahvlna plural: ahvl t] 1 position,
ihzrnm f. diplomacy letter of recall state (e.g., of health, affairs)
ihzravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 biographer to make inquiries about
to train (personnel) 2 to summon (i.e., to court) 3 to admit health, ask about the state of affairs 2 circumstances (business,
(i.e., candidates) 4 to call up (into the army, etc.) 5 diplomacy affairs, etc.) under any circumstances, in all
to recall cases to notify someone
ihzr Arabic adjective training maktb-i I'll let you know subsequently. I'll tell you afterwards what
history cadet corps the story is. 3 conditions
meteorological conditions
11
ahvl t m. second plural of zbt-i Feast of Kurbanbajram b Kurbanbajram (12th lunar month)
counterintelligence ! Many happy returns of
to celebrate
ahvlpurs f. ahvlpuhtl m. plural the day! proverb When there's a holiday,
ahvlpuhtna f. ahvlpuhtl m. plural everyone knows it. Another's holiday is but
ahvlpuhtna f. 1 inquiry about the state of health, half holiday. saying literal
being informed about the state of health 2 exchange of When the holiday is over, throw away the henna. figurative
courtesies, exchange of greetings . having Everything in its own time. proverb
inquired about the condition of health, having exchanged Some fast, some feast; One man toils, another grows wealthy 2
courtesies, greetings good omen, good horoscope, good luck 3 proper name Akhtar
ahvl Arabic slanting-eyed, squint-eyed ikhtir ' f. Arabic [plural: ikhtir'gh ni plural:
ihj f. Arabic 1 reanimation, resurrection, revival 2 ]m. [plural: ikhtir' t] Arabic invention, discovery
restoration, rebirth a to reanimate, resurrect b to to invent, discover compound verb to be
restore, revive invented, be discovered to invent, make a
ahjn m. plural of new discovery
ahjnn Arabic 1 sometimes, at times 2 in the event that ikhtir' relating to invention or discoveries; inventive
, in case , if akhtrmbarak f. congratulations on a holiday
1
kh akh interjection 1 used to express joy or satisfaction 1 akhtar 1 adjective holiday 2 sacrificial to
! Good!; Excellent!; Bravo! 2 used to express regret sacrifice
to exclaim Ach!; exclaim Oh!; sigh 2 akhtrj f. proper name Akhtari
2
x interjection gid-ap, ho! (or similar exclamation to urge on ikhtisr m. Arabic 1 shortening, abbreviation, reduction
an ass) reduction of a fraction 2 brevity, compression,
akha f. 1 poultice 2 plaster 3 application (as poultice or conciseness briefly, in short to
plaster) set forth briefly, state briefly
akhbr m. Arabic of singular & plural [plural:
1
ikhtisrn Arabic briefly, in short, in abbreviated form, in
akhbrna plural: akhbr t] 1 newspaper 2 general outline
tidings, news ikhtisr abbreviated abbreviated
2 ikhbr m. Arabic information, communication designation, conventional sign
military preparatory command ikhtiss m. Arabic 1 participation, connection, anything
akhbrvl m. 1 newspaper salesperson, newspaper to do with 2 peculiarity, characteristic quality 3 assignation,
carrier, newspaper deliverer 2 colloquial journalist appropriation 4 specialization
ikhbravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to ikhtiss 1 special, peculiar to 2 specialized
notify, inform ikhtif f. Arabic camouflage
1
akhbri 1 adjective newspaper, periodical (used in ikhtil t m. Arabic 1 mixing, mixture, confusion, blending,
connection with information) press merging 2 crossing 3 intercourse, contact
representatives 2 documentary documentary film to associate with someone 4 complication
news items ikhtilf Arabic [plural: ikhtilfna Arabic
2 ikhbr Arabic adjective that which serves to notify or plural: ]1 difference, disagreement, discord,
inform; informational grammar indicative mood divergence, discrepancy, contradiction, dissension
akhpl dialect tiff, disagreement
1 akhpr colloquial to disagree with someone, quarrel with someone; differ with
2 khpr m. khpor ikhpor soldier; rifleman (in someone in viewpoint They disagree as to
extended line) sniper extended line of opinion. 2 break, breaking off, discrepancy, lack of
riflemen correspondence 3 difference, distinction to differ
ikhtitm m. Arabic termination, finishing, completion, end from something 4 math difference
end, finish, come to an end, be over with, end in ikhtilf disputable, contradictory disputed
to end, finish, complete, conclude, carry through, put question, disagreements
a finish to This is a moot point.
akhtr m. akhtr 1 holiday, festival a the Feast ikhtill m. Arabic 1 disorder, disorganization
of Ramadan b Ramadan (the 10th lunar month) a the to be disordered, be disorganized 2
12
disturbances, disorders, sedition, agitation to cause a akhz-as-sut m. Arabic sound-

disturbance, incite disorders locator, sound-ranger
ikhtin m. Arabic asthma akhz f. radio receiver radio receiver
akht indeclinable 1 subject to something; experiencing shortwave receiver
something He is mourning. 2 occupied, busy akhr akhr Arabic 1 last, final lately, in
with something He is occupied with work. recent days to battle to the end, fight to the
a to subject to something; plunge into something b to last drop of blood 2 m. [plural: khirna plural:
occupy, take up; involve in something 3 caught, captured, taken akhrna Arabic plural: avkhr] end near the
to net, catch in a net 4 having a musty or high end, at the end, toward the end at year's end,
smell (e.g., meat) a to be subject to something, be toward year's end to end, complete to be
subjected to something, experience something ended, be completed 3 finally, at last Well, that's it!
to starve, famish, go hungry b to be occupied, be busy, be ikhrdzh m. Arabic [plural: ikhrdzhna Arabic
engaged in c to go bad, get high (meat) 5 obsolete castrated, plural: ikhrdzh t] 1 banishment, expulsion 2
emasculated exclusion, withdrawal, removal 3 extraction 4 expense,
akhtav laj m. being busy, being employed expenditures to incur expenses, give rise to
ikhtijr m. Arabic 1 will, choice, preference expenditures 5 export goods 6 evacuation
He is free to act as he wishes. This ikhrdzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
happened spontaneously. voluntarily or not 1 exile, banish 2 exclude, withdraw; remove 3 extract
2 authority, right, plenary power a of age b ikhrdzh Arabic adjective evacuation
independent emergency powers khirt m. Arabic the next world, the life beyond
to decline power, right to Judgement Day send into the next world
subordinate oneself to grant broad powers 3 I still have to deal with you.
competence, jurisdiction, power This is khir Arabic 1 last, final the last letter 2
not within my competence (jurisdiction, power, etc.) a definitive 3 conclusive the last word
to have, possess the wish or will b to rule, direct c to have the akhiredl denominative [past: ] to end, finish, come
right, be empowered d to have plenary powers It's up to an end, terminate, close
to you. As you wish. I don't want to. I cannot. khirn khrinj last, final khrinj the
ikhtijrdr authorized, empowered, competent latest news
ikhtirdr f. jurisdiction, competence khist imperfect of
ikhtijrnm f. power of attorney, written authorization akhistl transitive
ikhtijravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 akhist m. plural 1, 2
to choose, prefer to choose a residence, settle 2 akhskh akhh akhh interjection oh; ah
to use, employ 3 to conduct (a policy) 4 to assume (a form), akhht m. plural substance for puttying up chinks or
take on the air cracks in a wall
ikhtijr Arabic 1 voluntary 2 optional 3 arbitrary akhhl [past: [ ] present: ]1 to knead
There is no other choice. (dough) 2 figurative to inculcate, make habitual
akhkh m. cough, intermittent coughing to passive a to be kneaded (dough) b to be inherent, be innate
cough, cough a little or intermittently; clear the throat akhkhna f. yeast, leaven, leavening (of dough)
akhch f. akhhnkaj 1 present participle of 2 kneader
akhcha adjective Akhchaj Akhchai (i.e., bakery worker whose duties consist of kneading dough)
carpets akhh m. plural
akhz m. Arabic taking, reception, assumption, collection, khhaj m. [plural: khhi plural:
receiving, receipt recruitment of an army, akhhijn] 1 brother-in-law (wife's brother), wife's sister's
conscription into the army khz-i chief of the husband 2 sister's husband
miltary conscription department khz-i chief ikhtr m. Arabic 1 warning, caution words
of the information department compound verb a to of warning to warn, caution to be
take, assume, collect, receive b to call up (into military service) warned 2 alarm, signal an alert was
c to draw a conclusion, come to a conclusion declared
I came to this conclusion, that
13
ikhf f. Arabic cover, concealment camouflage akhir

to camouflage akh m. 1 plaster 2 clay mixed with straw (used as plaster)
akhkl transitive Eastern akhegr m. plasterer
akhgr m. 1 spark 2 hot coal 3 hot ashes akhel transitive
akhl transitive dialect akhena f.
ikhls m. Arabic 1 sincerity to be akheavl denominative [past: ] to plaster, putty
sincere with someone 2 attachment, affection, devotion akheavna f. plastering, puttying, coating (i.e., with some
a sincerely, with all one's heart b with all one's substance like plaster or putty)
strength, with all one's power a sincerely b akheredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
devotedly, lovingly, tenderly c unanimously plastered, be puttied
to serve someone faithfully 3 diligence, industry akhistl transitive [past: present: ]1 to
ikhlsmn ikhlsmnd 1 sincere 2 dedicated take take this book 2 to seize, conquer, capture,
akhlf m. Arabic plural of occupy, take possession of to capture a city, occupy
akhl m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 2 morals, moral a city 3 to buy, buy up, acquire, lay in a stock of
system, ethics high moral principles What have you laid in for the winter? 4 to
ethical norms collect (e.g., taxes) 5 to accept, admit to give an
akhlkn Arabic morally, ethically examination; examine 6 to receive to receive an
akhlk Arabic 1 principled, moral, ethical order, receive an instruction to receive an answer
moral upbringing morally to receive money to receive an
to give someone moral support 2 m. Arabic assignment to receive a medal 7 to take (with
[plural: akhlkijn] moralist oneself); drive (cattle) to take along or with
ikhll m. Arabic 1 violation (e.g., of neutrality) 2 disarray, oneself Take this book with you. 8 to catch,
confusion, disorder contract (a disease) to fall ill, become ill, be taken
khla-vkhista f. skirmish, encounter, battle ill 9 to envelop (in flames) to blaze up, catch on fire
khli present tense of 10 to fall (into despair), be consumed, be seized (e.g., by panic)
akhlj-pakhlj m. cooking, preparation (of food), 11 to derive benefit (profit, advantage, etc.)
cookery akhl-pakhl kitchen utensils to derive benefit from something, derive advantage from
akhnd m. something to take pleasure in
[ plural: akhundzdag n] descendant of an something 12 to borrow, adopt; give, present (an example) 13
akhund (i.e., a Muslim ecclesiastic), akhundzadeh to repulse, take away to take by force
ukh to disarm someone 14 to shorten, take up (e.g.,
akhv-dekhv dialect around, everywhere clothing) 15 to deprive to
ukhavvt m. Arabic 1 brotherhood, fraternity 2 religion deprive of citizenship 16 to consider, regard
community, commune Consider it to be thus. 17 to observe, keep to; perform, execute
akh-u-kh m. cough, slight cough to (e.g., a ceremony) 18 to carry out, fulfill, satisfy (e.g., a whim,
cough; have a slight cough; clear one's throat Satisfy my request. 19 to begin;
desire)
akhd colloquial Well, there you are! venture; undertake to begin a feud with
akh-u-b m. skirmish; clash; battle someone. The old woman
khr m. manger, stall; stable lauched into a long conversation about her children. 20
akhn m. akhn m. akhnd m. [plural: ] approximates the sense and function of a compounding or
akhund (Muslim ecclesiastic, theological or religious teacher) auxiliary verb to stride to
akhunddzh m. akhund's (title and the form of address to breathe passive a to undertake b to be purchased,
him) be obtained c to be collected, be levied d to be driven idiom
khundzd m. to be transmitted from one to another, be bequeathed
ukhj f. witch to remove, eliminate; get rid of
akhjr m. Arabic plural [singular: ]virtuous people from grandfather to
good and bad people grandson, beginning with the grandfather and ending with the
akhr recent, latest grandson
akhrn Arabic not long ago; recently, lately akhistna f. 1
14
akhistvl m. tax collector board of directors clerk adminstrative

akhistn m. 1 division administrative directorate
akhistkaj 1 present participle of 2 infectious, stationery
contagious infectious disease, contagious adk r m. artist, actor, performer (of a role)
disease 3 m. .1 recipient, addressee 3.2 purchaser movie actor
1
akhist m. plural 1 reception 2 taking (i.e., food, adk ra f. artist, actress, performer (of a role)
medicine), receipt for participation 3 movie actress
taking, capture, seizing 4 purchase, acquisition adkr f. performance (e.g., of a play), acting
It is not worth buying this article. 5 collection (e.g., of idm f. Arabic prolongation; continuation to
taxes) 6 military recruitment, bringing up to strength prolong, continue to be prolonged, be continued
recruitment into the army 7 adoption, borrowing adjt m. Arabic
2 akhist imperfect plural of adjna f. expression, statement, formulation
akhist-ihhod m. plural skirmish, clash adb m. Arabic [plural: d b] 1 breeding, good
1 akhstaj past participle of breeding; politeness, civility, respect politely,
2 Western imperfect of respectfully to esteem someone, respect someone
ad f. Arabic 1 implementation, execution, fulfillment 2 2 literature belles lettres written
payment, pay, paying 3 utterance (of a sound, word) 4 language folklore 3 level of education
expression (of some feeling or other) compound verb a udab m. Arabic plural of
to implement, execute to fulfill one's obligation idb r m. Arabic misfortune, disaster
to the Fatherland b to pay, make payment c to utter (a sound, adb kavnkaj adabnk well bred; polite;
word) d to set forth, formulate (a thought, sentence) e to civil, respectable
express (e.g., gratitude) f to render (that which is due) g to adab Arabic literary literary society
perform, play (a role) compound verb a to be fulfilled, adabij t m. Arabic plural literature belles
be executed b to be paid c to be expressed (of gratitude) d to lettres
be performed (of a role) adabijn decent, proper, decorous (of conduct); civil (of an
d b m. Arabic plural of expression)
ad t m. [plural: adv t] Arabic 1 means, instrument, idkh l m. Arabic 1 introduction, establishment 2 inclusion
device, tool, apparatus military entrenching tool idkhl approaches
2 grammar particle intensifying particle 3 idr r m. Arabic plural urine to urinate
grammar preposition, postposition conjunction idr k m. Arabic singular & plural perception a
adverb of manner or mode 4 suffix to comprehend, understand b to perceive, feel c to guess
id d m. Arabic requital, recompense, retribution adrs m. address
idr f. Arabic [plural: idr Arabic plural: adrk m. plural green ginger
idr t] 1 directing, directorate, management, administration, adrm m. 1 influence, action, pressure (moral)
leadership military fire control arbitrary to influence, put (moral) pressure upon to affect,
rule compound verb to direct, lead, manage have an effect on 2 shame
to manifest self-control 2 directorate, udravl transitive dialect
institution, office apparatus (administrative) adritk 1 adjective Adriatic the Adriatic
counterintelligence quartermasters office Sea 2 m. the Adriatic seacoast
military-political directorate undredl intransitive
military-medical directorate 3 bureau iddi' f. Arabic claim, pretension, demand
information bureau inquiry office 4 ad'ij t m. Arabic plural of wish, desire
administration 5 editorial office 6 base (supply, etc.) to send one's sincere best wishes
idrach m. 1 administrator, manager 2 leader, idgh m m. Arabic 1 linguistics gemination 2 confluence,
supervisor junction; tightening up, pulling together
idr kavnkaj 1 m. manager 2 adjective adka f. mommy, mama ! Oh mamma!
administrative adkj f. 1 2 mom (a form of address for one's
idr Arabic administrative; managerial; bureaucratic mother or an elderly woman)
administration, governing body, administrative apparatus;
15
adl-badl 1.1 inconstant 1.2 disorderly, careless adir f. cemetery

to mix up, confuse (e.g., words) 2 m. .1 trade, commerce ads-bb f. Addis Ababa (city)
2.2 oscillation adekoln m. plural eau-de-cologne
1
dm m. adm m. 1 proper name Adam Adam din f. Friday
(the human progenitor) old, antediluvian, of the a la f. shaft (of an underground irrigation channel)
time of Adam 2 man a na f. ornamented cover or dust jacket of a book
2 adm m. thigh a f. regional support to lean, rest upon
idm n m. physical training a va f. frame, framework
adamkh n m. 1 proper name Adamkhan 2 Adamkhan ar m. regional order to order, reserve (not a
(designation of a number of settlements) military order, but a commercial or customer order)
damkhr m. cannibal ak m. leap-frog (the game)
damkhl 1 plural the Adamkhejli (a sub-tribe of the aanj m.
Afridi) 2 m. Adamkhejl (person) a 1
damz d m. man aaj m. auj f.
damzda f. woman akaj m. dialect bone
1 dam m. damj m. man a f. 1 stop, (bus or tram) stand, station 2 base
2 damj f. woman military bases airport 3 military post 4 blind (for
admir l m. admiral bird-hunting)
adn Arabic indeclinable 1 low (in position) 2 small, 1
adj m. fortifications around a city
paltry, insignificant insignificant damage 3 low- 2
i m. plural 1
quality, low standard 3
a plural from 1
adv t m. Arabic plural from 4
a plural from
adv r m. Arabic plural from 1 5
aj f. singular & plural Ulmus foliacea (a kind of tree)
ad-bad indeclinable 1 Eastern swollen, bloated 2 6
aj f. singular & plural fields or land surrounding a
Western beaten down to ache, hurt (of the body, village
from fatigue) aipr m. air m. technology adapter
adaj m. tanned buffalo hide al m. stone facing (for the shaft of an underground
1 adoz m. plural the Adozai (a sub-tribe of Durrani) 2 m. irrigation channel)
adozj an Adozai (person) az n m. Arabic 1 azan, call to prayer prayer time
adm m. thigh to summon to prayer
advij f. Arabic plural from 1 medicine, spice, proverb No one responds to the azan of a poor mullah. 2
medicinal herb crowing (of a cock) early, very early, with the
advijapsh f. agriculture sprinkling, spraying roosters to crow (of roosters)
compound verb to sprinkle, spray azarbjdzh n m. Azerbaijan
compound verb to be sprinkled, be sprayed azarbjdzhn 1 Azerbaijanian 2 m. .1 Azerbaijanian
advijafursh m. pharmacist, apothecary (person) 2.2 Azerbaijani, the Azerbaijanian language
advijafurush f. 1 commerce in pharmaceuticals 2 1
izk r m. Arabic mention, reference to mention,
pharmacy refer to
ud 1 1 2
azik r m. Arabic plural from to perform
1 ad m. mommy, mummy (form of address to mother or the ritual of zikr (i.e., remembering) or zeal (with reference to
older woman) ! Mommy!; Mummy! dervishes)
mommy's boy to regard as a mother, name or give the azallt m. Arabic baseness, meanness
honorary title of mother I cannot stoop to such baseness.
2 adj f. singular & plural 6 izn m. Arabic authorization, permission to
adj n m. Arabic plural from 2 receive authorization to request
adb m. Arabic [plural: adib n Arabic plural: authorization from someone to authorize
udab ] man of letters, writer someone, permit someone
adibn indeclinable literary (of a literary work, style)
adib f. writer (woman)
16
azgh m. zu f. singular & plural 1 provsions, peaceful, quiet 2.2 resting 2.3 peaceable peaceable
rations, food supply base, provision depot 2 fodder people
(for cattle) to lay in fodder for winter rmtj f. 1
zursan f. food supply rmchokj f. easy chair
azhn m. Arabic from plural to rmsh m. calm
enlighten intellects rmtalb fond of comfort
azijt m. Arabic torture, torment, oppression rmg h m. 1 stand, stopping place 2 burial-vault,
azijatavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to mausoleum
torture, oppress 2 to annoy, bother, pester rmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
r literal & figurative basis, foundation a to lay the quiet 2 to eliminate (e.g., disorder)
foundation (of a building) figurative b to establish the main 1
rm f. 1 calm, peace utter calm 2
point of something c to evaluate as to merit figurative d to tranquillity 3 peace (i.e., absence of war) world
take someone into consideration idiom in essence wide peace
r m. Arabic plural from
1
2 rm m. lazy person, lazybones
with a majority of votes unanimously 3 arm Armenian the Armenian language
r -ji plebescite disagreement rmedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
2 r used as the second element of a composite word soothe, quiet down This soothed me. !
Shahrara (name of a section of Kabul) military At ease! Order Arms!
1 arb f. rjsh m. decoration, adornment; attire
arb f. volley boudoir
ar m. irj f. Arabic producing, presentation (of documents, etc.)
arkh m. rkh 1 irrigation ditch 2 sluice; canal arb b Arabic 1 masculine plural from 1
irdtn Arabic intentionally, premeditatedly gods (pagan) 2 m. [plural: arbb n] senior elder of a
ird f. Arabic 1 will strength of will settlement or extended family; village elder
with considerable decisiveness 2 intention, urbsha f. 1 barley corn 2 dialect life, existence
decision, wish (desire) b to intend; desire; official a urbshi f. plural barley
to command b to intend; desire I have urbshn adjective barley barley bread
decided , I intend He decided to go to urbshna f. 1 singular of 2 barley bread
Kandahar. to intend, desire In arbaktj f. the maintenance of order
which direction do you want to go? arbakj m. tribal constable (minor tribal official having
proverb Come here freely, but leave only with permission. police powers)
idiom encroachment on someone, intrusion urbz m. urbuz f. 1 muzzle 2 snout idiom !
on someone Be off with you! Don't bother me!
ird 1 conscious consciously 2 volitional urbushn
arr t (Mount) Ararat 1 arab f. 1 bullock cart, wagon, carriage 2 gun-carriage 3
rstag f. 1 adornment 2 beauty wheel spoke 4 landing gear,
rst indeclinable 1 adorned 2 well-dressed, smart, undercarriage (of an aircraft) idiom
dressed-up a to adorn b to dress up My affairs are going badly. Will you not help me?
arz m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 country, locality, At present I am in straitened
district orienting or getting familiar circumstances.
with respect to the area 2 urb f. tendon, ligament
arkn m. plural from persons holding high arbakh draught (i.e., draught animal)
positions, leaders arkn-i nobles, dignitaries arab larkaj having a wheel; wheeled
ar l m. the Aral Sea 1 rt m. art
r m 1 m. .1 peace, rest peacefully, quietly 2 art art 1 wide, spacious, extensive
to rest, sit with body relaxed, lounge to allow to extensive deserts a great expanse
rest, soothe, make easier to find peace, calm The shirt collar is large. 2 open an open
not to know peace to rest 1.2 comfort 2.1 space 3 open, free, exposed, pure (of air) in the
17
open air 4 widely spread apart, bowed (of legs) artist

He is bowlegged. idiom He stood off to the side. irtsh m. the Irtysh (River)
rtv m. artv m. 1 throw, toss 2 Eastern shot irtif ' f. m. Arabic [plural: irtif' t] 1 altitude,
compound verb compound verb height a great height a low
altitude astronomy perigee
artvz m. astronomy apogee 2 thickness
artvvl denominative [past: ] 1 to throw, irti f. Arabic 1 rise (action); eminence, elevation 2
fling, toss 2 Eastern to produce a shot, shoot development, evolution development of language 3
artavj f. singular & plural sun-dried currants growth, increase to increase, rise, grow
artvedl denominative, intransitive to be thrown, be irti evolutionary evolutionism, the theory
flung of evolution Darwinism
artvz 1 m. windbag 2 empty, insipid irtik z m. Arabic support, basis
nonsense to rest upon facts
irtib t m. Arabic connection, link, communication, artin f.
to have
intercourse, relationship aratv laj m. 1 width, spaciousness, extensiveness
communication with someone to the extent of a territory 2 development (i.e., of a
establish communication with chief of the language); expansion (i.e., of trade) 3 tension 4 area (e.g., of a
foreign department country) 5 diameter (e.g., of a wheel)
irtibtch m. military messenger, runner (liaison, artod ks 1 orthodox, canonical 2 Orthodox (i.e.,
orderly) pertaining to the Eastern Orthodox Church)
irtibtchigar f. military communications service Orthodoxy (the Eastern Church)
irtibt attributive communication 1
artavl artavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
maritime communications grammar conjunction 1 to widen, make extensive, make expansive 2 to spread
irtidzh ' f. Arabic 1 politics reaction 2 reactionary in widely, extend to extend the fingers 3 to
character 3 regression, retrogradation 4 elasticity; resiliency 5 disengage
recoil (of a weapon) 2 artavl transitive [past: ] to throw, fling, toss
irtidzh' 1 reactionary 2 regressive 3 elastic; resilient artn m. width, spaciousness
elasticity; resiliency artavna f. 1 broadening, expansion 2 state of being
irtidzh'jt m. 1 elasticity; resiliency 2 literal & widespread, state of being far-flung
figurative flexibility artedl denominative, intransitive 1 to widen, make
irtidzhl impromptu, written extemporaneously spacious, make extensive 2 to be widely spread out, be widely
irtidd m. Arabic 1 desertion, treason, apostasy, deviation extended 3 to be disengaged
2 renunciation 3 religion tergiversation, recreancy, artst m. 1 artist 2 painter
backsliding a to apostatize from artsta f. actress, artist
something, deviate from something b to reject, renounce (e.g., a artist 1 artistic 2 artistically skillful, talented, pertaining
faith) to art generally
irtidd 1 disloyal disloyalty, treason 2 artin f. 1 woman 2 wife
apostate 1 ar m.
irtiz m. Arabic nourishment, subsistence 2 ar m.
irtiz Arabic attributive food, produce arasz m. master craftsman engaged in the construction
food, produce of wells equipped with the noria (bucket-wheel)
irtizkij t m. Arabic plural foodstuffs, produce rs m.
aratz artzaj 1 frank, honest, forthright arsa f.
(person) 2 generous, noble aris
irtism m. Arabic 1 representation, portrayal irs m. Arabic inheritance to leave a
to stamp, impress itself upon; stick, be bequest of property
retained in memory 2 sign, mark irs Arabic hereditary; inherited
artst m. irdzh ' f. Arabic 1 return, recurrence 2 direction, address
artst f. 3 institution (of an action, suit)
18
ardzhl 1 confused, muddled 2 m. the common people arzsh m. arzht m. 1 value

ardzhl-bardzhl ardzhl-u-bardzhl mixed, very valuable research to be of equivalent worth, be of
intermixed, disorderly, muddled equal worth 2 economics cost use value
ardshmnd 1 valuable, expensive 2 excellent surplus value exchange value 3 significance
ardshantjn Argentina 4 evaluation to evaluate
arch f. 1 archa (a kind of juniper bush) 2 kind of uruzg n m. Uruzgan (city)
coniferous tree history Uruzgan Province
archakr f. 1 plank panelling, planking; the wooden rz f. rz [plural: rzog ni plural: rz]
portion of a structure 2 cabinetwork, carpentry work 1 wish, desire desire for success
ardzedl intransitive despite a great desire 2 hope, expectation, expectancy
arkhlk m. arkhaluk (an outer garment) a to wish, desire I wished that b to
arkhah m. 1 sobbing hope, expect 3 dream, daydream
to sob, weep 2 asthma These dreams did not come true.
rdb f. mash (food) rzumn rzumnd desiring something, aspiring to
ardv f. fodder (for cattle, barley or wheat) something He wants to go very much.
ardl m. 1 bodyguard 2 orderly, batman rzumand f. desire, wish, aspiration
ardal m. obsolete orderly household arzedl intransitive [past: present: ]to cost, be
troops worth This thing is not worth it.
urdn m. urdunij f. Arabic Jordania That's worth knowing.
urd 1 m. .1 army, forces the Afghan Army 1 argamj
m. Eastern
marines a land army 2 argam f. Western yawning, yawn to yawn
j
a field army regular army urg m. plural
Combined Arms Directorate (in the War Ministry) argaj m. Western belching
the army reserve 1.2 m. military camp 1.3 f. to belch
Urdu (language) 2 attributive the Urdu language argibd
m. indigestion
books in Urdu irs l m. Arabic singular & plural shipping, sending
urdubzr m. post exchange facilities compound verb to send, ship, dispatch
urdugh m. military camp I sent the book through the mail.
urduvl m. Urdu speaker aristokrtk aristocratic
urdu attributive army, forces aristokrs f. aristocracy history
arr m. 1 order 2 instruction aristocracy, the aristocratic form of government
arinns m. regional edict arsl n m. arsaln proper name Arslan
1 irj m. ram (non-fat tailed breed) urus f. window with a frame capable of being raised and
2 irj f. sheep, ewe (non-fat tailed breed) lowered
arz m. 1 from 2 provisions, food stores, food arsenk m. plural arsenic
supplies irsh d m. Arabic [plural: irshdna Arabic
arz n 1 cheap Dear is plural: irshd t] precept, lesson, instruction
dandy cheap is shoddy. 2 cheaply to give directions to someone; instruct someone
arznbj' arznbja cheap ursh f. [plural: urshog ni plural: urshvi]
arzntb m. arzntj f. cheapness common pasture; pasture; meadow
arznfursh selling cheaply arshitkt m. architect
arznfurush f. economics dumping arshf m. archive
arznv laj m. cheapness, low prices arz m. Arabic [plural: arz] earth, land
arznavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to arz Arabic 1 attributive land, earth; territorial 2 surface,
reduce the price of land (as in land or ground forces)
arzna feminine singular from argh m. plural vodka
arzn f. cheapness arghashj m. 1 clearing of the throat to clear
arznedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to the throat 2 inhalation (when smoking)
fall in price, cheapen arghum n m.
19
arghndzh m. [plural: arghandzhna plural: argn m. riding school, riding hall, riding arena
arghandzh n] plum argamj m. Eastern 2 argam he
arghandzhk m. kind of damson plum (the tree or its yawned
fruit) argan f. latticed door; door in form of grill
arghandzhj m. cherry (the tree or its fruit) urgn m. Urgun (town, district) Katawaz and
arghnd m. [plural: arghandna] Western [plural: Urgun
arghand n] paddle, bat (used in playing knucklebones) argj
the game of knucklebones irm m. 1 Irem (legendary garden in Arabia) 2 figurative
arghand b m. arghand v m. Argendab (river, earthly paradise
district) arm n m. 1 strong desire to carry out
arghaun m. music organ someone's desires to fulfill a
arghav n arghuv n ledum (marsh tea); pink acacia, Cercis cherished desire 2 dream I still dream
siliquastrum Sophora griffithi about this all the time. He died without
arghavn purple, crimson realizing his dreams 3 melancholy
arghsh dark-complexioned folklore Fatekh-Khan grew melancholy in his
arghushavl denominative, transitive [past: ] solitude. Thus he was
to make dark inwardly at peace. 4 regret, repentance; grief to regret
arghushedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] something to set one's heart at ease a
to be made dark, tan to dream b to yearn c to regret; grieve; mourn over
1 urghmaj m. kid, young goat to regret the past a to pity
2 urghme f. diminutive goat someone b to miss someone ! Look
arghn m. music organ out, you'll be sorry! ! I'm very, very sorry!
arghunchj m. rope, cord (braided from three strands) I regret not having gone into town.
to twist a cord, plait a cord proverb They are sorry when it is already too
arghn m. late.
urghvaj m. palm (of the hand) armndzhn 1 desiring something; dreaming of
1 ar m m. Arabic plural from something 2 grieving, yearning 3 regretting
2 ir m m. Arabic spelling armnd m.
urk dialect armn 1 desirable 2 ideal, perfect
arkr f. 2 aramb f.
ark n m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 leaders, leadership, aramchk m. abusive cur, mongrel
leadership apparatus ark n-i higher official urm 1 m. plural the Ormuri (also called Bakari or Bakisti;
personages, dignitaries generals, general officers, a nomadic people living in both Pakistan and Afghanistan south
higher command personnel 3 military staff, headquarters of Kabul) 2 m. Ormur (person)
atk n-i harbij-ji General Staff armagh n m. gift, souvenir; remembrance
Chief of the General Staff to keep in one's memory
arknikhrb m. arkniharbij f. staff aramgj m. shepherd's crook
arktk arctic armanist n m.
urkz m. arman 1 Armenian the Armenian language 2 m.
arkestr f. orchestra Armenian (person)
arkestr attributive orchestra armanij f. arminij Armenia
arkijlodzhst m. archeologist urmlaj m. armlaj diarrhea (in children)
arkijlodzh m. archeology rmun f. music harmony
arg m. fortress, citadel (primarily used of the Kabul Arg, the 1 armunj f. aluminum
king's residents) the Arg Garden (in Kabul) 2 armunj f.
org n m. organ (of political or government power) armunk m. accordion, concertina
argn f. food, nourishment armunij f. harmonium an organ
orgnzm m. organism urmg m. neck
argadzh mixed, heterogeneous armenj f.
20
rn m. bugle (musical instrument) 1

ra f. 1 saw (the tool) to saw up, cut up 2
rnd m. pruning saw idiom Ahmed suffered a
urj m. swaddling clothes good deal of unpleasantness. Ahmed is in difficult straits.
arv f. [plural: arvg ni plural: arvvi] 1 2 ra f. foundation, groundwork
spirit 2 soul idiom to think only of 3 ur m. plural 1
food a to be greedy (esp. for food) b to conduct arha well provided with a noria (i.e., water bucket wheel)
oneself basely; toady, grovel, bootlick c to be stingy, be idiom Eastern saying Her tongue
niggardly d to sniff at a to have a presentiment, has been loosened. She is babbling all over the place.
have a foreboding b to think of, devise, invent; think up arha attributive well land irrigated by means
literal May God diminish the of a "noria" (i.e., water wheel)
consequences! figurative What are you thinking of doing? arh m.
arv h m. Arabic plural from arhr m. arhar singular & plural dove pea, Cajanus
to sacrifice something for a departed soul indicus
arvaj f. singular & plural dandelion araksh m. sawyer, woodcutter
arvvgtb
m. arvvgtj
f. arakash sawing (of lumber)
arvavgv
laj m. greed, avidity, insatiability aragl m. karakul (fur from the pelt of an Asian sheep)
arvvgaj greedy, avid, insatiable arhn m. singular & plural arhna f. castor-oil
urup f. Europe plant castor oil
urup 1 indeclinable European 2 European (person) irj m. 1
arvta f. 1 woman 2 wife arj n I am taken aback. I
1 ar m. stutterer, stammerer do not know what to do. completely thunderstuck,
2 ar m. 1 spite 2 envy dumbfounded, surprised
aro 1 mixed, intermixed, muddled up to mix, arjn f. history Ariana (the western part of the Iranian
intermix, muddle to be mixed, be intermixed, be plateau)
muddled 2 f. ill-matched company, motley crew arjntb m. arjntj f.
aroatb m. blend, mixture arjnavl transitive
urus f. folklore He surprised everyone.
urugvj m. Urugvaj 1 arjn f.
arumar 2 arj ni f. plural
arvavl transitive [past: ] 1 to oblige to listen 2 3 rjan
to read aloud arjnedl intransitive
arvne f. noise, sound sharp (loud, high- rj 1 attributive Aryan 2 m. Aryan (person)
pitched) noise urjdz f. urjdza f. [plural: urjdzi] cloud,
1 rvi present tense of cloudiness It is cloudy. It is overcast. The
2 rve present tense, second person of weather is getting overcast.
arvedl transitive [past: present: ]Western ari f. myrobalan (the tree or its fruit)
to hear; listen; heed Listen carefully to arik-shark m. regional tribal feud, blood feud
what I shall tell you. arvedli I heard that rijan
You probably heard that 1 irjj m. dried rhubarb
passive to be heard One hears good things 2 irjj m. 1
about him. He enjoys a good reputation. He has a good name. a 1 m. .1 obstacle; hinderance 1.2 error, delusion 1.3
arvedna f. hearing, audition cover, ambush to lie in ambush 1.4 hobbles; fetters,
arvedn m. listening chains 1.5 colic 1.6 constipation 2 predicative .1
You said this about him; that he listened to what you said. connected, tied together 2.2 detained; apprehended 2.3 stuck;
arvednkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. radio caught a My arm is caught. My arm is entangled.
listener ! Dear radio listeners! b I am busy. I am engaged. 2.4 experiencing difficulties;
arved m. plural 1 listening being in need 2 He is in need

Having heard of this, he became very angry. 2 rumors of nothing. 2.5 compelled, forced He is
rwajaj m. keyword compelled 2.6 muddled, confused; intricate, complex;
21
difficult to understand 2.7 very busy; absorbed, engrossed arkhaj m. 1 slope (of a mountain) 2 incline, declivity 3
(e.g., in work) 2.8 suffering from constipation anatomy true rib, upper rib
1 idiom akhz 1 side, lateral side seats, seats at the sides
i m. 1 driveler 2 of a hall or auditorium 2 extreme, outer, last, located on the
a m impudent, brazen edge 3 military flank, flanking flank attack 4
a mna f. impudence, impertinence angular, uneven 5 wide, flat idiom physiology
a nd 1 detained 2 straitened, burdened 3 disordered, leucocyte, white blood cell to speak
disturbed a to detain b to put restraint on; burden c sharply
to disturb a to be detained b to be straitened, be ud f. Eastern civil tunic, military formal coat
burdened c to be disturbed 1
akj m. akj 1 staircase; stepladder 2 bar; bolt 3 part
aistl transitive [past: ] to compel, oblige of a weaving machine
arj f. bad harvest, crop failure 2 arkj f. arkj singular trap
1 at m. commission trade, trade on a brokerage aked m. plural hinderance, delay without
commission interference, without delay
2 at m. aga f. 1 stable 2 horse-breeding farm
at v m. alng m. imagination, thought, idea
atb m. 1 am m. 1 crowbar; lever 2 bar, bolt compound
atn m. prison verb compound verb 3 brake,
aat m. broker; merchant; one who conducts business on the hindrance 4 prop, support to rest, set
basis of brokerage commissions (against)
atj f. necessity, requirement, need to have a 2 m regional 1
requirement for to have a need for aimn m. "ariman" (an evil spirit, demon, devil)
to satisfy someone's wants, aramavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
satisfy someone's requirements to employ as a lever 2 to apply the tongue to the hard palate (in
liberate, relieve someone of dependence the pronunciation of retroflex consonants) 3 to rest against
akh 1 side side by side on each side something; lean against something
of close by , at, aramj m. 1
near side by side with one to lie on aamedl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to be
one's side to sleep on the right side employed in the capacity of a lever 2 figurative to set
to turn over on the side a to lean one's energetically to work He undertook
elbows (on); lean, rest (against) b to go to sleep, rest c to suit, this matter energetically.
fit, be suitable, be proper a to be up to, have within arnvj m. 1 riches 2 solvency, richness
one's capacity b to calm, quiet, settle down from ang m. 1 doubt; vacillation 2 suspicion 3 blame
He moves from side to side. 2 edge (e.g., of a table); side a to doubt; vacillate b to suspect c to find deficiencies;
The book lies at the edge of the table. blame
to cross over to the other side of the street 3 board ang-bang ang-dung 1 doubting,
(of a boat) 4 military flank 5 slope (of a mountain) 6 math uncertain, vacillating 2 confused, embarrassed
edge, intersection 7 slant, aspect, point of view aangj f. step, running board to backheel (i.e.,
akh r to throw an opponent in wrestling by tripping him, throwing his
akhk m. hunting battue (a method of hunting in which heel over one's leg)
animals are driven into some place for the convenience of the av laj m.
shooters) aut m. 1 persuasion 2 measure
akh larnkaj having edges, faceted, multifaceted avatl intransitive [past: past: ] 1 to be
a cut pencil occupied, be busy with something 2 to be obliged, be forced
polyhedron aud m. 1 skirmish, melee; battle 2 argument, conflict,
akhn 1 2 traversing a slope 3 going along disagreement a to engage in battle b to create a
something The road goes along conflict
the riverbank. 4 bordering; edging aohtaj m. economy
22
aavl aavl transitive [past: present: ]

1
a to be connected with something,
1 to move, stir 2 to shift, move elsewhere 3 to turn, turn over, depend upon something
leaf through to leaf through a book 4 to Everything in its own time. b to belong to
transpose 5 to plow, dig, dig over again He b to need to need fresh air 3 obstacle 4 iron
ploughed the entire field. He dug over the entire field. 6 to stove lid, iron stove cover idiom to relieve oneself,
hold fast, bring to a stop, restrain 7 to take away, remove from answer the call of nature
the road 8 to put, put in, load 9 to load something from one 3 u m. plural dialect
place to another to load (and transport) 4 a f. singular 2
over the mountain 10 to throw repeatedly; throw across aakj m. 1
a to cross the legs b to sit (e.g., on a horse) 1 a f. 1, 3
to cross the legs 11 to place in or convert to other 2 ij m. 1
circumstances or status to convert the 3 aj plural from 1
army to peacetime status 12 to translate (from one language to adzj m. guardroom, brig (place for short-term detention
another) to translate into Pashto 13 to drain (e.g., of arrestees)
water) 14 to turn against (someone) 15 to attach a different aedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to need,
1
meaning to something; turn things against someone 16 to inflict experience a need for; requirement 2 to be forced
(damage, harm, loss), harm to inflict The aircraft made a forced landing. 3 to be in
great loss on the enemy to inflict material great difficulties 4 to stay too long, linger on, stick
losses on someone to wreck a ship 17 to uedl denominative [past: ] to be milled, be made
2
unload to unload 18 to drop in, pay a call, stay into flour

somewhere to stay too long aedna f. aed m. plural 1 2 need,
He has already been our guest for a month. requirement
He stayed at the caravansarai. 19 ae f.
aej f. the crosspiece of a noria (i.e., water
to spend, pass (time) a to turn over, overturn, topple wheel) to which the buckets are attached
b to change to turn away from ajistl transitive
not to listen to someone, to ignore ais boiled boiled meat
aavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 prevent,
2
aiktjij ssm m. communication system
hinder 2 to detain, seize, catch 3 to place in a difficult aknaj ts r m. call waiting
situation 4 to force, compel, oblige, make
aekj m. 1 need, requirement; necessity, requisite 2
aavlaj 1 past participle of 1 2.1 muddled up 2.2
relationship, connection aeki to strengthen
inappropriate, unseemly, obscene aavli a
trade links a to be in need, experience a need or
muddled matters b unseemly, indecent acts aavli requirement What do you need from me? b
a disconnected speech b grumbling, mumbling to have a relationship, have a connection 3 obstacle,
failure
hinderance, difficulty a to establish a relationship
avndzh m. 1 basis, foundation 2 leg (of a furniture piece)
connection b to hinder, put obstables in the way, impede,
3 supporting member
hamper 4 medicine constipation 5 bolt, bar
aavna f. 1 turning over, capsizing, reversing 2
ana f. 1 need, requirement, necessity, requisite 2
translation, transference 3 substitution, replacement 4
dependence
alteration
z m. Arabic 1 desire, passion 2 greediness, avidity
aavnkaj 1 present participle of 1 2 z d az d 1.1 free, open, unrestricted
grammar preposition
in the open air the open sea a don't
aawnay m. adapter hinder him b let him go 1.2 independent; autonomous 2 m.
1 avi present tense of 1 .1 a free man 2.2 proper name Azad idiom to pass
2 avi present tense of 2 completely through
3 vi vice of 2 zdn 1.1 free, unrestricted to live
1 a f. furrow freely, lead an unrestricted life 1.2 independent 2.1 freely,
2 a f. 1 relationship, connection, association; dependence 2 unrestrictedly 2.2 independently
need, requirement; necessity zdkhij l freethinking
23
zdkhijl f. freethinking; free thought zurdag f. offense; injury, disorder, grief, displeasure
azdag f. 1 zurd indeclinable offended; injured, disordered, grieved
zdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to free, to be offened at someone
liberate zurdakhtr zurdadl
z da 1 indeclinable 1 2 feminine singular from azr m. Azru (district, Pakti Province)
1 zd f. 1 freedom freedom of speech azghakj m. 1 prickle, thorn 2 regional mimosa,
freedom of the press Prosopis stephaniana
freedom of organization freedom azghn
of conscience freedom of action azghj m. 1 prickle, thorn
the struggle for freedom the liberation proverb There is no rose without thorns. 2 barbed wire
movement 2 independence idiom It is like a sore on my eye.
2 zdj m. proper name Azadaj (diminutive of Azad) uzghr
zdikh h 1 freedom-loving 2 liberal uzgrtb m. uzgrtj f.
zdikhh f. 1 love of freedom 2 liberalism uzgravl denominative, transitive
zdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be uzgredl denominative, intransitive
liberated; be free 2 to receive freedom; be independent uzgaj m. Eastern 1 large kid (i.e., young of goat) 2
zdidst freedom-loving Western goat
zded m. plural liberation izg f. spelling words out the alphabet
zd guhtnkaj freedom-loving azl m. Arabic eternity
1 z r m. az r m. 1 illness, disease 2 offense; injury folklore Thus it was fated for me.
to offend someone to take azmr 1 m. sly and cunning one; deceiver; cheat; intriguer
offense at someone 3 pursuit 2 shrewd, crafty
2 iz r m. breeches, loose trousers tucked inside boots azmrtb m. shrewdness, craftiness, deceit, trickery,
azravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to insidiousness
offend; pain, injure 2 to pursue; pester, harass zmjsh m.
azr 1 m. sick person, patient 2 sick, ill, unhealthy zmjishgh f. laboratory
azaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be azmjht m. 1 verification, check, trial, test 2
offended; be grieved, be pained to be offended experiment to experiment,
at someone carry out an experiment 3 roll call, muster
izlt m. izl f. Arabic 1 elimination azmajhti 1 attributive verifying, test; trial 2
the elimination of errors 2 disappearance compound experimental nuclear test ban
verb to remove, eliminate azmjl transitive
az n m. azmjna f.
azng f. zng 1 echo to ring, azmudl transitive
resound to ring out, resound, reverberate (of an asmud indeclinable experienced; worldly-wise
echo, sound) to make experienced He was an experienced
uzbk m. Uzbek (person) military leader.
uzbakist n m. Uzbekistan azmudak r tested, experienced; checked out
uzbka f. Uzbek (female) azmojht m. azmujht
1 uzbak attributive Uzbek Uzbek, the Uzbek azmojht experimental field
language azmojl transitive Western [past: ] 1 to verify;
2 uzbki plural from try, attempt 2 to experiment, test a to test, take
izdih m m. Arabic assemblage, mob, crowd stock of oneself b to be in training
izdiv dzh m. Arabic wedlock, marriage bond, marriage azmujndzj m. azmujndzj m. 1
matrimonial law to enter into experimental station 2 laboratory
marriage with someone azmujna f. 1 verification, trial 2 experiment 3
izdijd f. Arabic increase, augmentation to temptation proverb Life is filled with
increase, augment trials.
azarbajdzh n m.
24
azumjnkaj 1 present participle of 2 tester, handle it. proverb a good horse feeds
experimenter itself proverb The
izmr m. Izmir (city) hooves earn a horse's bread, but for man it is the tongue.
azmajht m. proverb To a restive horse the public
azmajht square is too small. proverb You can't
azmajl transitive teach an old horse to jump. (i.e., you can't teach an old dog new
azmejht m. tricks)
azmejl transitive 2 s m. 1 millstone 2 milling of grain
zt m. plural nitrogen 3 s m. 1 ashes (on a grate) 2 site of a fire; figurative home
zot nitrogen, nitrogenous nitrogen fertilizers 4 s m. myrtle
nitrogen-mineral (fertilizer) factory 5 s m. ermine
azr the Azores Islands isrt m. Arabic 1 captivity 2 slavery; enslavement
azgh m. singular & plural m. azugh f. isratmz isratmza 1 servile, slavish;
storeroom servitude conditions of slavery 2 attributive
azf m. the Sea of Azov slave
azu f. as s m. Arabic [plural: assna Arabic plural:
azjl azejl transitive ass t] 1 base, basis, foundation
zh ns m. 1 agency on the basis of radically, fundamentally
telegraph agency the Bakhtar 2 principle
Agency TASS (Telegraph Agency of the Soviet assn Arabic 1 in substance, in essence 2 fundamentally
Union) 2 bureau, office tourist bureau 3 in principle
information office employment office assnm f. statute, regulation
azhdr m. dragon ass Arabic 1 fundamental, basic
azhdah t m. singular & plural bronze fundamental law, constitution constitution 2
uzhghndzhn made of goat's wool fundamental fundamentally, basically 3 in
uzhghna f. principle, in the main, in essence
azhejl transitive [past: ] to wind (threads) astr m. Arabic plural from
agbka
f. black martin (bird) aslb m. Arabic plural from
ugd s m m. Assam
ugd oblique plural of along asmbl f. 1 assembly General
ugdv laj m. Assembly of the United Nations 2 meeting general
agramj
m. 2 meeting
ug f. asm m. Arabic plural from
agj f. dialect 1 s n as n easy, uncomplicated, simple
agjl transitive [past: ] 1 to impel; incite, urge on This is quite easy to do. easily
2 to twist (cord) 3 carpentry to saw into dovetail form 2 s n plural from 1
1
as m. [plural: asna plural: s n]
s m. asntr more easily
horse gelding pack horse asntb m.
draught horse mounted on a horse sntj f. 1 This is very easy
harness technology horsepower to obtain.
veterinarian races asnsr m. elevator; escalator
racetrack herd of horses a to ride a horse asngr m. accessibility, wizard
hard figurative b to make efforts; try c to think, reflect upon
asnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
You also reflect upon it and think what to make easier to lighten difficulties
do. a to ride horseback b to learn to ride horseback asna feminine singular from 1 It
They were shoeing horses may very easily happen that
and even the frogs raised their little paws (i.e., everyone wanted
1
asn f. 1 lightness, easiness easily 2
to get into the act) facilitation, assistance, furtherance to help
proverb If you wish to control a horse you must know how to
25
someone, assist someone Has his pain usttb m. position or job of teacher, master, expert
subsided? astdzv laj m. astdzval f.
2 asni feminine plural from 1 astdzaj m.
asnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to ust d m. 1 teacher, instructor, tutor regional
become easy, be made light (e.g., of work) director of a school 2 master, expert master
asajsh m. peace, rest to rest craftsman, brigade leader 3 professor
to disrupt someone's rest ustdn 1 expert, craftsman 2 skillfully, in a masterful
asjlam m. asylum the right of asylum fashion
asb b m. Arabic 1 plural of reasons; circumstances ustdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
motivation; motives force majeure 2 make into a teacher, make into master
[plural: asbbna] equipment, weapons ust da feminine of
means of transport, transport equipment the 1 ustd f. 1 collective noun teachers; teaching 2
means of existence 3 [plural: asbbna] possessions; craftsmanship; art
articles, utensils, baggage, equipment bedding 2 ust di m. from
equipment and situation ustdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
asbbs z m. plotter to be a teacher 2 to be a master, be an expert
asbbsz f. intrigues ust z m. Under whom
asb p m. colloquial are you studying?
asb m. Arabic plural of ust za feminine of
asbn plural from 1 ustz f. 1
asban feminine of 2 ust zi plural from
asbn m. [plural: asbn] herder of horses astzv laj m. religion the official mission of a religous
asbunavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to body or the staff of such mission
make someone a horse herder, designate someone a horse herder astzaj m. 1 envoy, respresentative, delegate

asbunedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to to send one's own man; send one's
become a horse herder, be designated a horse herder representative 2 spokesman (for feelings, hopes, etc.) 3
asb m. [plural: asnn] prophet
istsjn m. station radio station
ispnij f. ispnij f. Spain ustk r m. 1 master, expert 2 artist
aspit l m. aspi l m. hospital istlf m. Istalif (city)
aspandavn f. horse races st n m. 1 threshold; entrance 2 tomb (of a saint); shrine,
aspirnt m. graduate student reliquary 3 tribe or family of a saint or religious figure
aspirntr m. course of graduate studies istmbl m. Istanbul (city)
ispaghl m. plantain, Plantago ispaghula st n f.
spk m. breastbone (bird) ustv laj m.
aspakj m. hobby istibd d m. Arabic despotism; autocracy
ispnd m. singular & plural perganum harmala, wild rue istibdd Arabic indeclinable despotic, autocratic
aspands m. aspndsa f. polo to istit r m. Arabic camouflage
play polo istism r m. Arabic exploitation the
aspnkaj m. pack (attached to the saddle) exploitation of man compound verb
uspna f. istismrch m. istismrgr m. exploiter
1 spa f. mare istismravl denominative, transitive [past:
2 asp f. 1 typhus 2 nettle rash 3 asthma ]1 to exploit 2 to use 3 to exploit (i.e., natural resources)
1 asp indeclinable, attributive horse, mounted istimredl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
mounted patrol 1 to be exploited 2 to be used; be exploited (e.g., of natural
spi plural from
2 1
resources)
3 asp plural from 2 istisn f. Arabic [plural: istisn vi plural:
ust m. 1 teacher 2 istisng ni m. Arabic plural: istisn t]
master, expert
26
exception without exception with the istikhdmavl denominative, transitive [past:

exception of to make an exception ] 1 to accept, take on for work, sign (someone) on for a job
istisn exceptional in exceptional to hire workers 2 to employ, use
circumstances in the nature of an exception istikhdm hired
istidzhbt m. istidzhb f. Arabic m. [plural: istikhdmedl denominative, intransitive [past:
istidzhb t] reaction, response ]1 to be accepted for a job, be signed on for a job 2 to be
istihl f. Arabic change, transformation, transition (from used, be employed
one state to another); metamorphosis qualitative istikhr dzh m. Arabic 1 development, extraction (e.g., of
changes natural resources) 2 extraction compound verb
istihs l m. Arabic 1 getting, receiving 2 production compound verb
compound verb to produce 3 [plural: istikhrdzhavl denominative, transitive [past:
istihsl t] manufactured article production ] 1 to extract (esp. natural resources) 2 to obtain, extract,
istihslavl denominative, transitive mine 3 figurative to reprimand
istihslavl to produce, manufacture, make istikhrdzh pertaining to the extraction of mining (esp.
istihsledl denominative, intransitive natural resources) the mining of ore
istihsledl to be produced, be manufactured, be made istikhrdzhedl denominative, intransitive [past:
istihz r m. Arabic summons, invitation ] 1 to be extacted, be mined (esp. natural resources)
istih m. Arabic [plural: istihna 2 to be extracted, be mined
Arabic plural: istih t] 1 virtue, merit 2 ability; istikhl s m. Arabic deliverance, liberation
competence; right 3 allowance, allocation, ration ustukh n m. ostokhn 1 bone 2 stone (of a fruit)
daily ration augmented ration ustukhnband f. ostokhnband 1 skeleton, frame,
istihkk istihkkij 1 due, due to 2 framework 2 structural framework
attributive ration, pertaining to a ration or allocation ustukhnkr f. ostokhnkr structural work,
istihk m m. Arabic [plural: istihkmna skeletal work
Arabic plural: istihkm t] 1 strengthening, istidr dzh m. Arabic gradualness
consolidation 2 military reinforcement, fortification gradually
bunker fortifications of a field istidr k m. Arabic understanding; the ascertainment of
(temporary) nature 3 combat engineering meaning; cognition
combat engineer battalion istid' f. Arabic [plural: istid' vi plural:
istihkmch m. combat engineer istid'g ni] 1 request, entreaty 2 inquiry 3
istihkmchigar f. combat engineering complaint bureau of complaints
istihkm 1 reinforced, fortified static istid'nm f. application, petition
warfare 2 attributive combat engineer, engineer istidl l m. Arabic 1 conclusion, inference 2 production
combat-engineer unit of proofs; reasoning; arguments; reason, justification
istihm m m. Arabic bathing bathing suit arguments 3 to advance
istikhr f. Arabic fortunetelling (by means of books, by arguments in proof of
strung beads concerning the outcome of matters planned or in 1
str m. astr m. 1 lining (of clothing); the wrong
the future) side 2 socle (of a wall)
istikhb r m. Arabic [plural: istikhbrna 2 astr m. mule
Arabic plural: istikhbr t] notification, finding out, istirht m. Arabic rest; peace rest home
reconnoitering; information information to rest
department astrkh n m. Astrakhan (city)
istikhbr t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 astralij f. the Australian Union
intelligence data, intelligence 3 intelligence (agent) astralija 1 attributive Australian 2 m.
istikhd m m. Arabic 1 hiring for work, acceptance for a Australian (person)
job hiring directorate 2 employment, use usturdl m. back part, hind part, back; rear
compound verb istirh m m. Arabic request, entreaty (for mercy, quarter)
compound verb to request mercy of someone
27
istird d m. 1 request for return, request for claiming 2 isti'm r m. Arabic 1 settlement 2 colonization
taking away 3 restoration compound verb to colonize 3 colonialism
istirz f. Arabic 1 request for agreement 2 agreement 3 isti'mrparst m. isti'mrdzh m.
satisfaction isti'march m. isti'margr m. 1 colonizer
astarkr f. cementing of masonry; plastering 2 imperialist
astarksh m. asuarksh military driver isti'mr colonial, colonializing
astronm m. astronomer isti'm l m. Arabic use, utilization, application
astronom f. astronomy to find an application for
ustur f. razor isti'mlavl denominative, transitive [past:
1 ustrj Western 1 last, latest ustr the latest ]to use, utilize, apply misuse
news the little finger ustr isti'ml Arabic 1 having been in use, used, secondhand
recently 2 at last He has got dressed at 2 practical
last. isti'mledl denominative, intransitive [past:
2
ustur plural from ]to be in use, be used, be employed, be applied
3
ustr f. regional flatiron a suit which istighs f. Arabic 1 request, entreaty, petition
has been pressed compound verb to press, iron to ask someone (for cooperation, assistance)
strij f. astrij f. Austria to intercede, solicit, petition 2 suit, complaint
strija astrija 1 attributive Austrian 2 istighr m. Arabic 1 absorption 2 concentration 3
Austrian (person) rapture
astrelij f. istighf r m. Arabic appeal for forgiveness; repentance
astrelj Lord have mercy!
istis f. Arabic medicine dropsy istighn f. Arabic absence of need; material
istishh d m. Arabic summoning as a witness independence; (being) provided for, sufficiency
a to summon as a witness b to attest to to manage without something
istisv b m. Arabic 1 approval 2 consultation; not to need something
solicitation of opinion istifd f. Arabic use; utilization
istizd antagonistic
istiz ' f. Arabic inquiry to use, utilize something to be
istit'at m. Arabic 1 force, strength 2 resources; used, be utilized to use something
means; assets 3 ability istifdadzh m. exploiter
istitl ' f. Arabic 1 investigation, research 2 explanation, istifdadzhu f. exploitation
information idiom inquisitiveness istifdav economics use value
isti'r f. Arabic [plural: isti'r] m. Arabic istifs r m. Arabic inquiry to inquire
[plural: isti'rt] extended meaning, metaphor; of someone
picturesque expression, figurative expression; allegory istifh m m. Arabic question question
to adduce metaphors mark
isti'r figurative, metaphorical, allegorical istifhm istifhmij Arabic interrogative
isti'nt m. Arabic request for help; appeal for help interrogative pronoun
isti'b d m. Arabic enslavement istikmt m. Arabic 1 steadfastness, persistence 2
isti'dzh b m. Arabic astonishment, amazement straightforwardness, frankness, plaindealing 3 decency 4
to regard with astonishment, be astonished, be direction, side in a northern direction
surprised, be amazed istib l m. Arabic 1 meeting, reception
isti'dd m. Arabic 1 ability, gift, talent to be on the occasion of the forthcoming holiday to
able, have ability 2 predisposition, bent receive, meet someone a meeting was
isti'f f. Arabic retirement, going into retirement arranged for him compound verb a to receive, meet
to retire to resign, put in for retirement b to comment on something 2 future 3 grammar future tense
to accept resignation, accept retirement istib l kavnkaj 1 present participle of
isti'l m m. isti'lmij f. Arabic 1 inquiry 2 m. 2 istikb l kavnki m. plural those attending the
inquest meeting
28
istir f. Arabic 1 conclusion, inference; induction istiv f. Arabic 1 balancing, equilibration 2 parallelism
to make an inference, draw a conclusion idiom the equator
istir r m. Arabic 1 strengthening, stabilization 2 ustuv r 1 literal strong, hard, firm 2 steady, firm,
settling; transition to a settled way of life 3 confirmation, steadfast
ratification ustuvr f. 1 literal hardness, firmness 2 steadiness,
istir z m. Arabic 1 granting of a loan, granting of firmness, steadfastness
credit, crediting 2 receiving credit to ustuvn cylinder
borrow, receive a loan from someone, be given credit 1 ustuvn cylindrical shaft
istis f. Arabic 1 attainment of the limit, end 2 2 ustuvn plural of
intensified study istiv equatorial; tropical Equatorial Africa
istil l m. Arabic 1 independence equatorial climate
Independence Day, Independence Holiday 2 steadfastness; astzaj m.
resoluteness astzha f. Eastern astogna f. astga
istill 1 independent 2 steadfast; resolute
ustak r m. 1 village craftsman, rural craftsman 2 master astogn living, residing, staying somewhere
craftsman to settle, reside, stay somewhere to stay
istiksh f m. Arabic 1 military reconnaissance, at a hotel
intelligence, scouting 2 research astogndzj m. 1 residence, abode 2 hostel, dormitory
istikshf Arabic attributive military reconnaissance, astgna f. astogna f. astga f. astgja f.
intelligence, scouting 2 research expedition dialect 1 residence, stay, sojourn a guest
istg h m. stand, stop, station airport room b residence to live, stay, sojourn
istl transitive Western to settle somewhere, reside somewhere, stay
istilz m m. Arabic 1 demand 2 acknowledgement of somewhere 2 life, existence 3 residence, abode
necessity a to demand b to acknowledge necessity astogjj m. dialect resident
istim ' f. Arabic audition; hearing (i.e., witnesses) astavl [past: ] to send, dispatch, direct
compound verb to listen, hear to dispatch information, send news, communicate to
istimd d m. Arabic request for help, request for send a greeting to dispatch goods
assistance eston 1 Estonian the Estonian language 2 m.
istimr r m. Arabic 1 duration 2 persistence, Estonian (person)
steadfastness 3 past tense of the imperfective aspect, the estonij Estonia
imperfect astone pat f. mailing address
istimrr Arabic 1 attributive prolonged, durative 2 astwne la, astone l m. mailing list
grammar pertaining to the imperfect past tense astone nhka f. shipping label
of the imperfective aspect, the imperfect
astavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. sender
istin d m. Arabic 1 reference to something istihz f. Arabic mockery
referring to the communication from Kabul 2 support istihzmz istihzmza attributive
military a strong point 3 military reinforcement, mocking
support
istihl k m. 1 liquidation (e.g., of a debt) 2 consumption
istinb t m. It
3 amortization compound verb a to liquidate (e.g.,
follows from this that
a debt) b to consume c to amortize a to be
istambl m. Istanbul (city)
liquidated (e.g., a debt) b to be consumed c to be amortized
istintdzh m. Arabic logical inference, logical conclusion;
istihlk attributive consumers'
deduction to draw an inference, draw a conclusion; consumers' cooperative
deduce, conclude Eastern One may
estetk 1 m. aesthetics 2 aesthetic, artistic
infer that
estetik attributive aesthetic
istint m. Arabic law interrogation, investigation astedl intransitive [past: ]1 to live, reside 2 to be,
to interrogate someone abide, stay, make a stop
istink r m. Arabic 1 disapprobation 2 aversion
29
astednkaj 1 present participle of 2 inhabitant, asfal-us-sfiln m. Arabic religion nether world,

resident nether regions
istiz n m. Arabic authorization to receive asafn k regrettable, unfortunate, sad
authorization lamentable occurrences
istis l m. Arabic 1 destruction, annihilation 2 1 is t m. Arabic miscarriage; premature birth; abortion
demolition to miscarry; give birth prematurely; effect an abortion
istil f. Arabic 1 conquest; capture compound 2 is t m. Arabic religion 1 interment, burial 2 alms
verb to conquer, capture, seize to be conquered, be given at burial services
captured, be seized 2 supremacy 3 epidemic usf m. bishop archbishop
istil attributive epidemic 1 isk m. 1
stn m. sleeve 2 ask dialect
istin f m. Arabic law appeal; reclaim isk t m. Arabic 1 calming 2 pacification; calm
appeals court, appelate court esk dr m. military squadron, naval squadron
astrlj f. eskdrl m. military squadron, air squadron
abbreviation from isk n m. Arabic transition to a settled life; settling
ish m. Arabic proper name Isaac, Yitzak isk history 1 Sakian, Shakian (referring to an era
ishz m. plural 1 the Iskhakzai (tribe) 2 m. ishzj beginning in 78 A.D. with the rule of Kanishka, one of the rulers
Ikshakzai (tribesman) of the Kushani governments called in India shaki) 2 m. plural
ish m. the Shaki
asd m. Arabic 1 lion 2 astronomy Leo (constellation) 3 iskelt m. skeleton
Asad (the fifth month of the solar year; July-August) iskeletband f. frame, framework
asadull m. Arabic proper name Asadullah framework of a building
usr m. Arabic 1 captivity 2 medicine retention of urine iskandr m. proper name Alexander, Iskander
usar m. Arabic plural from iskandarij Alexandria
1 asr r Arabic plural from 2 military secret askerl transitive [past: ] to make sorry, make
2 isr r m. Arabic keeping of a secret to keep a unhappy
secret askerlaj pitiable, unhappy, wounded by fate
isr f m. Arabic wastefulness, prodigality askerna f. misfortune, ill-fortune, disaster
asrfl m. Arabic religion 1 Asraphel (one of the four eskim m. Eskimo (person)
archangels) 2 seraph (angel of the highest rank) sl just right, exactly right, well-fitting (e.g., of clothing)
isrl m. 1 Israel Israelis, Jews 2 Israeli This (embroidered) skullcap is just for me.
(person) These shoes fit perfectly.
isril 1 attributive Israeli 2 m. Israeli (person) asl f m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 ancestors
asr f. hope; dream to hope; dream isl m m. Arabic 1 Islam, the Mohammedan religion, the
asrht m. vice Muslim world 2 religious orthodoxy, religiousness
asar indeclinable enchanting; charming; attractive islmb d m. Islamabad (city)
aszghl m. horseman islmka'l f. Islamkala (border point)
aszghalabna f. horse races islmi Arabic 1 Islamic, Mohammedan 2 orthodox
asisnt m. assistant, aide theology (Muslim)
astur f. m. [plural: ]fable; myth islmijt m. Islam, Mohammedanism
as' r m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 currency isl v m. Slav (person) the Slavic languages
foreign currency 3 finance draft (payable abroad in foreign islv m. 1 Slavic 2 m. Slav (person)
currency) aslih f. Arabic 1 plural of 2 weapon; armament
as'r attributive currency monetary system personal weapon concealed weapon
currency operations automatic weapon bladed weapons
asghl m. horse thief (cold steel) firearm by force of arms
asf m. Arabic regret aslih dzhoavnkaj 1 attributive manufacturing
asf lt m. plural asphalt arms, arms arms factory; munition
asfltkr f. paving with asphalt factory 2 gunsmith
30
aslihakhn f. arsenal starry sky The weather is clear today.

aslihad r m. military chief of supply (in the field) Yesterday was a clear day.
aslihasz f. arms production, armaments a to look at the sky, look at the stars figurative b
aslm m. Arabic proper name Aslam to put on airs, take pride in, be puffed up literal to
aslb m. [plural: aslb] Arabic 1 method, way become elevated, rise up high figurative to become "stuck-up"
methodology 2 style the style of a literal to think that the sky is the earth
book figurative to fail to understand something
aslavl aslavl denominative, transitive [past: ] proverb literal Though he grows to
to adjust to, fit to, adapt to idiom to teach the sky, a fool is a fool figurative A fool's a fool for that!
someone a lesson, punish proverb He who throws
islt m. 1 (school) slate 2 plural slate (roofing) clods at the sky will himself be injured by them.
asledl asledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] proverb He who spits at the sky
to be suitable, to suit, be just right will soil himself thereby. astronomy Ursa Major
asled m. asled plural fitness, conformity (the constellation) saying Nothing can be done
ism m. Arabic [plural: ismna Arabic plural: without it's presence. to punish
asm plural: asm] 1 name, appellation 2 grammar someone cruelly
sm-i demonstrative pronoun a If you try to count the stars in the sky, you'll be agape. b to
a diminutive sm-i the undertake an impossible task to be
comparative degree sm-i collective noun, plural extremely tall, be lanky to have trouble afoot;
number sm-i tribal name, noun have a dangerous situation arise to fall into
sm-i proper name sm-i noun sm-i adverb, misfortune; be in danger a to be beset by great
temperal circumstances sm-i adjective misfortune b to have trouble fall like snow on one's head
sm-i onomatopoeic word sm-i common noun asmantsk very high
sm-i numeral sm-i noun of action, agency asmntsklaj m. skyscraper
sm-i collective noun sm-i asmntsklkaj m. bat, flying mouse
masculine noun sm-i productive noun the
smnkhar sh high-altitude high
indeterminate mood, infinitive, masdar (type of verb
building; skyscraper
sm-i abstract noun sm-i passive participle, the
asmnkhul antiaircraft antiaircraft gun
object of an action sm-i adverb, circumstances of
asmn shklavnkaj very high
place sm-i relational adjective
asmnl r f. asmnl ra astronomy the Milky
sm-i definitive (i.e., adjective limiting the Way
significance of noun) sm-i relative
1
asmn 1 celestial; heavenly meteorite 2
pronoun sm-i feminine noun
azure, light blue, sky blue 3 religious, spiritual, sacred 4
common noun 3 invocation, incantation, exorcism figurative foolish, absurd a to speak nonsense
to pronounce an incantation over someone b to boast; fabricate; invent; lie c to joke, jest idiom
sm-i military password to leave to go far away; be missing, to
asm m. Arabic plural from disappear folklore Dear one, thou hast
asm r m. Asmar (district, Nangrahar Province) gone away; thou art missing.
ism'il m. Arabic proper name Ismail, Izmail asmnj 1 feminine singular and plural from 1 2
2
ism'ilkhl 1 m. plural Ismailkheili (a subdivision of f. plural foolish nonsense to talk foolish

the Chagarzi tribe) 2 m. Ismailkheil (tribesman)
nonsense
1 ism'ilz m. plural the Ismailzai (a subdivision of the
asmnirng azure, sky blue sky-
Usmanzai Tribe and of the Orakzai Tribe) 2 ism'ilzj m.
blue eyes
Ismailzai (tribesman)
asm Mount Asmai (in Kabul)
ismil Arabic 1 Ismailitic 2 m. Ismailian (person)
isma'l
ism'ilij f. Arabic Ismailism; the teachings of the
isma Arabic indeclinable grammar nominal, substantive
Ismailians
1 isn d m. Arabic 1 reference to someone 2 substantiation
sm n m. asm n m. sky, heavens 3 grammar subtatic relationship
high in the sky a sky studded with stars; a
31
2 asn d m. Arabic plural from loan-bonds asr m. Arabic [plural: asir n Arabic plural:
bonds payable to bearer literary usar ] prisoners of war to
monuments take captive to surrender
asunsjn m. Asuncion (city) asir f. captivity
as m. regional Asu (the sixth month of the Hindu calendar; asist nt m. assistant
September - October) asasr m. regional member of a jury
svl m. horseman asimt m. azimuth
asu n m. Aswan the Aswan Dam asem f. hunting mare
asvd Arabic black 1 sh m. 1 dumpling 2 food; meal, soup 3 kasha
sudag f. saying Same old soup warmed over. 4 tannin extract
sud indeclinable 1 quiet, peaceful 2 satisfactory, happy compound verb to tan to tan leather
3 content; satisfied 2 ash m. children's speech ass, donkey
sudah l 1 successful, prosperous 2 content ash f. 1 misfortune, trouble, disaster 2 danger
sudahli f. contentment; satisfaction ishr t m. Arabic plural from
sudag f. 1 rest, peace, calm 2 prosperity, well-being ishrt m. Arabic
3 material success 4 comfort ishrtn Arabic by means of a hint
usur f. the Ussuri River ishrat attributive signal signal cartridge
isogl s m. linguistics isogloss ishr f. Arabic [plural: ishr Arabic plural:
asveldzhn grieving over, mourning over ishr t] 1 sign, symbol, mark dash
asvelkj m. exclamation point punctuation marks
asveln mourning over, grieving over the Morse alphabet 2 signal, sign
asvelj m. 1 yawn 2 deep breath, sigh a He made a sign indicating that one should halt. 3 grammar
heavy sigh; deep breath to sigh heavily; breath demonstrative pronoun demonstrative pronoun 4
deeply 3 shivering (from cold) a breath; sigh b military signal, bugle call military signal
shiver (from cold) (prearranged short order) the signal for attack
ish l m. Arabic diarrhea reveille 5 sign, token, mark 6 indication
ash m m. Arabic plural from 1 to point to something 7 hint to
shareholder, stockholder drop a hint to someone
ashm Arabic attributive joint stock; share isharch m. signalman
joint-stock company ishra 1 attributive signal 2 grammar demonstrative
1
as Eastern se ashatb m. ashatj f. ashv laj m. 1
2
as 1.1 stingy, niggardly, avaricious to be stingy, bitter taste 2 figurative cruelty to act
to stint 1.2 unfortunate, luckless 2 m. .1 miser 2.2 luckless cruelly, treat someone cruelly
wretch 1 ashj m. dried fruit with a bitter pit
asj m. 1 hoarfrost 2 dialect fog, mist
3
2 ash f. bitter taste
4 asj feminine singular from 2 ish't m. Arabic [plural: ish' t f. singular:
1 sj f. asij 1 1 2 used in geographic ish' plural: ish' m. Arabic plural:
designations Charasiya (settlement) ish't] 1 publication; edition regional
2 sij f. Asia Southeast Asia publishing house 2 dissemination (e.g., of learning, points of
Central Asia Asia Minor (peninsula) view)
sij b m. mill ashb h m. plural Arabic from
sijb f. history collection (of tax-in-kind) from mills ishb ' f. Arabic 1 satiation 2 saturation 3 satisfaction
sijan f. whetstone (i.e., of requirements)
sjv n m. sijvn miller ashpz m. ashpz m. cook
sij attributive Asiatic shpazkhn f. kitchen
sb m. misfortune, trouble, disaster shpaz f. cookery, cuisine
asitb m. stinginess, avarice ashpr m. 1 conversation f. 2 noise, din, hubub
asd m. acid prussic acid ishtib h f. Arabic 1 doubt; suspicion; skeptical attitude
32
there is no doubt that 1

ashr m. help, assistance
to have doubts about someone, regard someone 2
ashr Arabic 1 unpleasant, disagreeable 2 indecent,
with suspicion 2 mistake, blunder a to doubt b to unseemly
err, blunder 2 I have not erred. 2 ashr r m. Arabic plural from
ishtibh 1 suspicious; dubious 2 erroneous ashr f m. Arabic plural [plural: ashrf n]
ishtir t m. Arabic provisional state; agreement aristocrats, aristocracy, elite, nobility
ishtir k m. Arabic 1 participation 2 subscription (to a ashrib m. Arabic plural from
newspaper, etc.) a to take part, participate b to ashrap f. Western ashrapj f. Eastern 1 gold, gold
subscribe (to a newspaper) to subscribe to a coin piece 2 proper name Ashrafi
newspaper 3 military cooperation, teamwork ashrf Arabic 1 most noble, most radiant 2 m. .1 prince
ishtirk t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 general 2.2 proper name Ashraf
outlines, the big picture to have in common 1 ashraf f.
ishtirk kavnkaj m. 1 participant 2 subscriber 2 ashrafj f. 1 Ashrafi 2 botany marigold
1 ishtirk Arabic obsolete 1.1 socialist 1.2 collective, ashar 1 immoral, dissolute; wicked 2 obstinate; wrong-
common, general 2 m. Socialist headed
2
ishtirk f. ishtirkijt m. obsolete socialism; 1 ash' r m. Arabic plural from 1
communism the epoch of primitive 2 ish'r m. Arabic information, notification
communism ash' m. Arabic plural from
ashtarn m. plural 1 the Ashtarani (tribe) 2 ashtarnj ishgh l m. Arabic 1 occupancy 2 entry into (a position)
m. Ashtaranaj (tribesman) occupying a position 3 seizure, capture,
ishti' l m. Arabic 1 ignition 2 provocation (deliberate occupation
instigation of an incident) ishghalabl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
ashtgh m. dried apricot (without the pit) to be the occupant (e.g., of a job) 2 to seize, capture, occupy
ishtigh l m. Arabic occupation, taking, capture, seizure ishghal attributive occupation
compound verb a to seize, capture, occupy b to ishghladl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
hold, fill (e.g., a post, position) to be filled, be occupied (i.e., a job) 2 to be captured, be
ishti m. Arabic derivation (of words) occupied
word derivation derivative words shuftag f. 1 confusion, concern, alarm, worry; disorder
ashtka f. peace, conciliation 2 calamity, misfortune
ishtih f. Arabic 1 desire 2 appetite to shuft indeclinable worried; downcast
arouse an appetite in someone I've lost my shuftahl 1 worried; downcast 2 impoverished
appetite. ashr m. potash, caustic soda
ishtih r m. Arabic 1 proclamation, announcement; 1 shk m. meatballs made of meat and flour
publication to proclaim, announce; publish; make a 2 ashk m. poetic tears
public announcement of 2 proclamation, declaration 3 poster 1 ishk l m. Arabic difficulty, trouble; impediment
ishtihr Arabic regional law criminal without special difficulties to hamper,
seeking to avoid punishment create difficulty; impede to eliminate an
asht f. conciliation obstacle; get out of a difficult situation
ishtij m. Arabic 1 strong desire, yearning to 2 ashk l m. Arabic plural from
desire passionately 2 passionate desire ishkashm m. Ishkashim (settlement, district)
shtidzh m. ishkamsh m. Ishkamish (settlement, district)
shtidzhu f. ashk interjection well done, bravo
shtitalb m. conciliator shn ashn 1 m. .1 close friend, chum, buddy
shtitalab f. spirit of conciliation to make friends with someone
ish m m. regional paper bearing an official seal Do not forget a friend in misfortune. 1.2
ashk r m. potash idiom to split hairs, acquaintance 1.3 beloved one 2.1 acquainted with something
quibble 2.2 knowledgeable about something He
ashkh s m. Arabic plural from got to know the truth.
ashkhorka f. child's bib ashn j m.
33
ashnja 1 f. .1 female friend 1.2 female acquaintance 1.3 repeated and determined demands to
beloved (female) 2 feminine singular of 2 insist upon something
young woman acquaintance 1 asr f m. Arabic plural from
shn f. ashn f. 1 friendship; acquaintance 2 isr f m. Arabic extravagance
close friendship; close acquaintance istbl stable, horse-barn
to befriend, carry on a friendship, be close to istik k m. Arabic friction to rub against
someone I am on very close terms with istikk physics static static electricity
him. It is not worth being his friend. istil f. & m. istilh Arabic 1 phrase, expression,
ashnaghr m. Ashnagar, Khashtnagar (district near locution, idiom in other words 2 term
Peshawar) technical terms
ushnl transitive istilhn Arabic 1 idiomatically 2 technically 3 as it is
ashv disgraced to disgrace to be officially designated, as they say, as one says
disgraced istilh Arabic 1 phraseological 2 idiomatic
shb m. 1 noise 2 confusion, anxiety, alarm, worry 3 an idiom 3 special, technical (esp. of a term)
calamity, misfortune asghr Arabic junior; lesser, little
shubkn m. alarmist; person given to panic asghar minimal
ashur f. sf m. Arabic 1 proper name Asaph 2 figurative wise
shl m. noise, hubub, cry to make a noise, make counselor
a hubub, make a din, cry out isfah n m. Isfahan (city)
1
sha interjection get going (cry used by one who is driving asl Arabic 1 m. [plural: aslna Arabic plural:
an ass) usl] .1 basis, base, root the stem of a verb 1.2
2 sh f. proper name Aisha article (of a law); statute 1.3 fact; substance; principle
saying They make a good pair! in essence, in substance; in actuality; factuality 1.4
1 ishh d m. Arabic law 1 summoning as a witness 2 origin; race; family (extended) a by origin; by family b
establishment of a fact with the assistance of witnesses originally 1.5 original 1.6 economics fixed capital 1.7
ashh d m. Arabic plural from
2

classifier used in counting trees, saplings
1 ashj m. Arabic plural from 1 minerals saplings 2 attributive .1 real, veritable to
2 eshj f. Asia speak the solemn truth the main point is that
shjn f. 1 nest 2 cell 3 dot, point 4 hangar 2.2 proper proper weight in the
hangar very center 2.3 suitable dimensions, proper dimensions 2.4
ah m. 1 consideration; scrutiny 2 patience economics fixed (of capital) idiom
uhka f. tear to shed tears proverb A good saber cuts according to its blade.
1 uhki plural from sln Arabic 1 in fact; all intents and purposes; in essence 2
2 uhkj f. praying mantis (insect) by origin, descent, family
ihodl transitive isl isl h f. & m. Arabic m. [plural: islah t] 1
isbt m. Arabic 1 hit (on a target) to correction; emendation; amendment 2 improvement
hit the target 2 accuracy (e.g., of a comparison); preciseness (of improvement of a breed of cattle 3 reform
an expression) 3 perspicacity reorganization compound verb a to correct;
aslt m. Arabic 1 nobility, decency 2 firmness of amend b to improve; mend, repair c to carry out a reform d to
character 3 personal responsiblity 4 personal representation 5 carry out land-reclaimation work compound verb a
substance, essence to be correcetd b to be improved; be mended c to be reformed
asltn Arabic 1 from oneself personally, personally 2 islhtalb m. Arabic reformer
fully 3 as a matter of fact, in point of fact islhtalabn 1 reform; reformative; reformatory 2
aslatvudzhud f. philosophy existentialism in a reform manner, in a reformative manner
ash b m. Arabic plural from [ plural: islh reform, reformative, reformatory
ashb n] associates of Mohammed aslbst m. military personnel
isd r m. Arabic export the export of wool personnel unit
isr r m. Arabic insistence, persistence, persistent demand; aslavl transitive
determination, pertinacity thanks to 1 sla feminine singular of 2
34
2 sla isfatb m. izfav laj

izfag m.
asl Arabic 1 real, veritable, true 2 natural; innate m. 1 addition, augmentation 2 development
natural silk 3 practicable; effective 4 inborn 5 native the development of agriculture to increase, grow
native language 6 basic, fundamental 7 chief, main izf Arabic 1 additional, supplemental
military main forces 8 literal; authentic economics surplus value economics surplus
Where is the original? 9 own (one's) product 2 grammar pertaining to "izafet"
territorial waters 10 original in the original genitive case the "izafet" state, construct state
form izhil l m. Arabic dissolution, liquidation
asl ba f. lmanjba prototype liquidation of a state stock company
aslijt m. Arabic nature, property, essence, being az-h f. Arabic sacrifice d-i the Feast of
Sacrificial Offering to offer a sacrifice, make a
asl hfiz f. virtual memmory
sacrificial offering
asledl intransitive iz-hij f. Arabic sacrificial offering to offer a
asn f m. Arabic plural from sacrifice, make a sacrificial offering
asv t m. Arabic plural from shouts 1 azd d m. Arabic plural from
of approval exclamations of regret 2 izd d m. Arabic 1 opposition 2 philosophy antithesis
curses conflict of opposites 3 contradiction
usl m. Arabic plural from [ plural: usulna internal contradiction
Arabic plural: usul t] 1 principles, bases 1 azr r m. Arabic plural from
basic laws; constitution basic propositions 2 system; 2 izr r m. Arabic harmful influence
method different ways, methods iztir b m. Arabic 1 agitation; concern, alarm
according to such a principle the Berlitz Method to agitate; cause concern, cause alarm 2 oscillation
index cardfile system after the electrical oscillation; oscillations of an electrical
old way, after the former fashion 3 order, system current
the slave-owning system iztirb Arabic concerned, anxious
usln Arabic 1 basically, for the most part 2 according to a the alarm was sounded b a state of emergency was declared
statute; according to law; according to the legal code iztir r m. Arabic 1 extreme necessity 2 hopeless
usul t m. second plural of situation, desperate situation; desperation, despair
usulnm f. 1 statute; legislation 2 regulations iztirr 1 unusual, extreme, extraordinary
regulations extraordinary session in extreme cases 2
usul Arabic 1 basic, of principle, pertaining to principle forced
2 systematic, methodical 3 based on a constitution, based on
azl m. Arabic plural from
legislation; constitutional, legal leave of absence azj f m. Arabic plural from
stipulated by law 4 correct, legal it't m. Arabic 1 obedience, submission, subservience
asl Arabic 1.1 noble, of high birth 1.2 thoroughbred; unquestioning obedience
purebred purebred cattle 1.3 real, genuine, blind obedience to obey, submit to someone 2
natural 1.4 fundamental 1.5 firm 2 m. proper name Asil respect, esteem 3 military subordination
asiltb m. noble origin, noble birth ut m. 1 room experimental
asilzd noble, highborn, of noble origin laboratory 2 chamber Chamber of Commerce
izft m. Arabic 1 addition, augmentation 2 grammar
at m m. food, meal proverb Eat first talk
the expression of the genitive relationship by the use of the later.
construct or izafet form of two nouns the izafet atibb m. atibb Arabic plural from
sign ittir f. & m. ittirh Arabic 1 physiology excretion 2
izfag f. waste matter, offal, garbage
izf Arabic 1.1 addition, augmentation, accretion ittirh physiology excretion
over and above that besides that itr d m. Arabic banishment to banish
to add, increase to increase pay 1.2 atr f m. Arabic plural from
development 2 attributive .1 exceeding 2.2 economics
surplus surplus product
35
atrf 1 outlying, peripheral outskirts; evidence, testimony oral testimony, deposition

periphery 2 m. [plural: atrfij n] circle of associates, compound verb
cronies; colleagues, close associates izhrnm f. 1 statement 2 notification
utr m. izhravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
otrsh m. obsolete Austria state; say; express (opinion, etc.) 2 to testify, give evidence
itf m. Arabic extinguishing of a fire izhredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
atf l m. Arabic plural from be stated, be said, be expressed
itf Arabic attributive fire firemen; fire uzhr m. Arabic plural from 2
company fire engine a'dzhb m. Arabic plural from
ittil f. Arabic m. [plural: ittil' t] 1 information i'd f. Arabic 1 return; restitution 2 restoration 3
Ministry of Information renewal; resumption 4 repayment (e.g., of a debt)
Information Bureau to obtain information 2 compound verb a to return b to restore c to renew d to repay,
communiqu, news the latest news discharge (e.g., a debt)
There is a dispatch from Rangoon to the effect that i'sh f. Arabic 1 provisions; victuals forage,
3 knowledge, state of being conversant with provender food supply chief 2 nourishment,
He was very poorly informed. 4 notification, notice subsistance
compound verb to communicate, notify, inform to j'natn Arabic in the form of a donation
notify, inform i'n f. Arabic 1 donation charity
ittil 'n Arabic as a matter of information evening affair 2 payment, dues party dues
I have the honor to inform you. i'tib r m. Arabic 1 faith, confidence
ittil't attributive information to trust, have confidence in someone
Information Agency One cannot depend on you. He is a
itl'dih f. informing, making cognizant frivolous man, and does not enjoy people's confidence.
ittil'ij 1 notification, information 2 communiqu It was believed that he was very rich.
itl 1 reference (to something) 2 giving a name; 2 economics credit bank credit
designation 3 granting of a divorce (to a woman) commercial credit 3 importance, weight; authority; reputation
compound verb 4 law effect, implementation, force (of a law)
itlkavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to effective, operative period of validity (of a treaty)
relate to something, refer to something 2 to name, designate 3 5 authorization; authority 6 basis, grounds
to grant a divorce (to a woman) on the grounds that in view of the fact that
1
atls m. the Atlantic Ocean manshr-i 7 certificate of immunity, safe-conduct; guarantee
history the Atlantic Charter the Atlas i'tibrlk m. i'tibrnm f. 1 mandate,
Mountain warrant, certificate 2 diplomacy credentials 3 finance letter-
2 atls m. Arabic satin of-credit
atlas Arabic 1 satin, made of satin 2 m. black eunuch i'tibravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
itmin n m. Arabic 1 confidence, reliability give credit
favorable, satisfactory 2 verification; confirmation i'tibr 1 enjoying confidence, reliable 2 attributive
a to believe in something, be certain of something b to verify, credit credit operations 3 conditional,
confirm to assure someone of tentative; nominal
something receipt (i.e., of a letter) 3 i'tid l m. Arabic 1 justice 2 moderation (e.g., in
peace, calming, tranquility spiritual peace viewpoints) 3 steadiness, even-tempered idiom
itminnbkhsh itminn bahnkaj equinox
itminn 1 satisfactory; favorable 2 calming 3 i'tidlpasnd 1 just, fair 2 moderate (e.g., of
reliable; reassuring viewpoints) 3 counterbalanced, countervailing
atv r m. Arabic plural from 1 i'tidlpasand f. 1 justice 2 moderation (e.g., in
azl l m. Arabic plural from viewpoints) 3 steadiness, even-temperedness
izh r m. Arabic 1 statement, utterance, speech i'tidl 1 2 m. [plural: i'tidlijn]
iz-hr-i expression of one's opinion, views, point of view 2 Arabic moderate, person of moderate views
i'tiz r m. Arabic apology, excuse
36
i'tir z m. Arabic [plural: i'tirzna Arabic a'dzhub f. Arabic miracle, wonder, phenomenon
plural: i'tirz t] 1 objection, reclaim 2 protest 3 a'd m. Arabic plural from
remonstrance dialect Your 1 a'd d m. Arabic plural from
remonstrance is a just one. a to object b to protest 2 i'd d m. preparation
c to remonstrate 4 attack, hostile action 5 finance protest of a i'dd 1 preparatory 2 middle, secondary (of a school)
bill i'dadija Arabic 1 feminine singular from 2 f.
i'tirznm f. written protest middle, secondary school, gymnasium (i.e., high school)
i'tirzvl 1 m. critic 2 attributive objecting secondary school
i'tir f m. Arabic 1 acknowledgement 2 confession i'd m m. Arabic execution, capital punishment
a to confess to sentenced to death to condemn to
something b to confess one's sins, unburden oneself death, sentence someone to death compound verb
i'tis b m. Arabic [plural: i'tisbbna Arabic compound verb
plural: i'tisb t] strike, work stoppage i'dmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
general strike lockout to strike, sentence to death, condemn to death
carry out a work stoppage i'dmavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
i'tisbshikn f. strikebreaker, scab be sentenced to death, be condemned to death
i'tisb kavnkaj striker a'r b m. Arabic plural from
i'tisb 1.1 i'tisb attributive strike 1.2 a'rbij n m. second plural from
attributive walkout 1.3 pertaining to a work stoppage 2 m. a'r z m. Arabic plural of 3
striking worker, striker i'r f m. Arabic religion purgatory idiom
i'tis m m. Arabic 1 steadfastness 2 self-preservation This is a veritable Hell.
i'ti d m. Arabic faith, confidence to believe in, a'izz m. Arabic plural from
trust I don't trust i'z z m. Arabic honor; esteem; respect in honor
you. I don't believe you. of someone
i'til f. Arabic development i'zz Arabic attributive honor honor guard,
i'tim d m. Arabic 1 trust, confidence i'tim d- guard of honor; ceremonial guard
i mutual trust to have full confidence in i'z m m. Arabic sending, dispatching
someone deserving of confidence, reliable 2 i'zm Arabic expeditionary expeditionary
reliance, confidence, certitude forces delegation, mission
They are not self-confident. 3 expectation, hope, a'sh r m. Arabic plural from
reliance a to express confidence in someone b a'shr Arabic math decimal decimal
to have strong expectations, have confidence (in, of, for fraction
someone) a'shrij Arabic math number with a decimal
i'timdbinnfs m. i'timdbanafs self- fraction
confidence, self-reliance a's b m. Arabic plural from
i'timdnm f. diplomacy credentials a'sr m. Arabic plural from
to present credentials a'z m. Arabic plural from
i'timd reliable, trustworthy, dependable i't f. Arabic gift, presentation of gifts; granting, bestowing
i'tin f. Arabic attention, concern, anxiety azm 1.1 big, high 1.2 great, most important, greatest
to be considerate of someone to pay attention to im m-i the great Imam, Imam Knanifa (the founder of the
someone; be concerned about someone Knanifite Sect) 1.3 maximum, most high 2 m. proper name
They are paying a great deal of attention to this. Azam
i'tij d m. Arabic [plural: i'tijd t] habit, wont u'zm f. singular from to
1 a'dzhb m. Arabic plural from make maximum use of
2 i'dzh b m. Arabic 1 astonishment 2 pleasure 3 1 a'l
complacency, self-satisfaction 2 i'l f. Arabic height, loftiness
i'dzh z m. Arabic miracle, wonder a'ltern the best
i'dzhz wonderful, miraculous
i'dzhmij Arabic punctuation marks
37
1
i'l m m. Arabic 1 notification, information; agh agh [plural: aghjn plural: aghg n
announcement air-raid alarm 2 news, Arabic plural: aghjn] 1 mister, Agha 2 prince 3
communication compound verb master idiom older brother
a'l m m. Arabic plural from 2
2
ghtb m. supremacy, mastery, rule, sway
i'lmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to aghdzh n m. proper name Agadzhan
notify, inform, announce 2 to express (e.g., sympathy) 3 to 1 gh z m. beginning compound verb to begin,
declare undertake, start up He began the speech.
i'lmadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to 2 agh z m. technology wedge
be announced aghjn Arabic plural from
i'lmij f. Arabic communiqu; declaration ightiz f. Arabic nourishment
i'l n m. Arabic [plural: i'lnna Arabic plural: ightiz 1 relating to nourishment 2 digestive
i'ln t] 1 announcement without digestive disorder
announcement; without warning 2 advertisement ightish sh m. Arabic mutiny, revolt
commercial advertisement illuminated sign disturbances occurred, disorders occurred
compound verb compound verb ightis b m. Arabic 1 seizure, taking away 2
expropriation
i'lnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to aghzij f. Arabic food, meal fodder, forage
announce 1 aghr m. drawing a bowstring, stretching a bowstring

i'lanedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be to draw a bowstring, stretch a bowstring
announced 2 aghr self-satisfied, complacent
a'lm Arabic most knowing, most informed agh z m. Arabic plural from
religion Since God knows best, Allah will direct the matter. ighr m. Arabic exaggeration
governor
a'l Arabic 1.1 highest aghrgh m. singular & plural fraud, swindling,
military governor district 1.2 of the highest trickery
quality; excellent a short fur jacket of the highest ughz m. [plural: ughuz n] walnut (thin-shelled)
quality It could not be better. 2 excellent (grade, aghzakj m. kind of mimosa, Prosopis stephaniana
evaluation) idiom to make every effort aghzn prickly, spiny barbed wire idiom
a'ltarn thorny path
a'lhazrt m. Arabic His Highness ! Your aghznavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
Highness! (as a form of address) make prickly, cause to be spiny
a'm Arabic universal, general aghznedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
i'm f. Arabic blinding, dazzling; blindness, dazzled state be prickly, be spiny; prick, sting
1 a'm r m. Arabic plural 1 aghzj m. 1 prickle, thorn Eastern barbed wire
2 i'm r m. Arabic creation proverb No rose is without thorns. 2
a'm m. Arabic plural from to explore splinter 3 figurative bitter taste, pain; bitterness
the depths the bitterness of separation 4 dialect Fagonia cretica (a kind
a'm l m. Arabic plural from of plant) 5 dialect Sonchus arvensis (a kind of thistle)
a'ml t m. second plural from proverb literal I found a thorn in the halva.
a'mltkhn f. workshop figurative A fly in the ointment.
a'm Arabic deeper, deepest Do not be afraid of difficulties in the course of your life.
official abbreviation and aghzija f. thorn-bush thickets
Chevalier of the Order of the Sun, Second Degree aghg present stem of and
a'vr Arabic 1 m. anatomy blind gut, cecum aghg l transitive [past: present: ]to knead;
blind gut, cecum 2 one-eyed, blind in one eye mix (dough)
a'j n m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 distinguished, noble aghg na f. aghg m. plural kneading, mixing (dough)
people, the nobility Senate, Upper House, House aghgnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. dough
of Lords mixer, dough kneader (special worker in a bakery)
1
aghistl transitive dialect
2
aghustl transitive
38
aghust m. plural aghj r m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 [plural:

aghhl transitive aghjr n] stranger; outsider; foreigner literal
ighf l m. Arabic fraud, deception compound without outsiders, in the absence of outsiders
verb compound verb aghr m. 1 dyspepsia, indigestion 2 illness accompanied by
ighfalavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to nausea
cheat, swindle; lead into error, delude aghel dialect 1 [past: ]intransitive to suffer from
ighfledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to indigestion, suffer from dyspepsia 2 [past: ] transitive
be swindled, be cheated to cause nausea
1
ghl m. ghl ghl enclosure, corral ( for cattle) aghelaj 1 past participle of 2 m. person suffering
2
ghl 1 mixed, kneaded (of dough) 2 blended, from dyspepsia, person suffering from indigestion
intermingled agaj suffering from dyspepsia, suffering from indigestion
aghl t m. Arabic plural agheedl intransitive [past: ] to vomit, throw up
aghlb Arabic 1 having preference, having advantage 2 m. He is nauseous. He is vomiting.
majority, greater part 3.1 for the most part 3.2 in all aghezdzhn aghezank
probability In all probability he went ghez f. aghez f. 1 influence, action the
there. action of a medicine to have an
aghlbn Arabic for the most part; ordinarily influence on something to act upon someone,
aghlaj 1 beautiful, elegant, refined 2 pleasing, pleasant, influence someone 2 result; effect 3 conclusion
nice 3 excellent 4 fitting, proper What conclusion did you draw from this?
ighm z m. Arabic indulgence, spoiling; condescension aghez kavnkaj aghezank effective,
a to show indulgence towards b to be a hypocrite, act operative
contrary to conscience ghl 1
ighv Arabic 1 instigation, incitment, provocation 2 1 uf interjection ! Ugh! What a
1 ugh
seduction 3 calumny, libel a to instigate b to filthy room! 2 oh, ah ! Oh! What a calamity!
provoke c to seduce d to slander, calumniate, libel ! Whew! How hot it is today! to
ighvgar f. 1 disturbance 2 instigation, provocation 3 exclaim oh!, exclaim ah!
breach of discipline 2 abbreviation of
ghd m. plural 1 malt 2 rotting flour, spoiled flour f t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 agriculture pest
aghudavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to the struggle with agricultural pests
prepare malt, make malt 2 to malt (go through the process of insects and other pests harmful to crops
making a malt) ifdav expressive; eloquent
aghudedl denominative [past: ] expressiveness of language; eloquence, facility of language
aghr m. vengeance to take vengeance ifd f. Arabic 1 expression a manner of
aghz m. plural expressing a thought, a formulation, a statement (esp. written)
aghustl aghostl transitive [past: [ ] present: compound verb to communicate, express
]1 to put on (clothing) to dress oneself, to express the meaning of a word compound
get dressed 2 to pull over oneself (i.e., a blanket) 3 to wrap up verb to be communicated, be expressed 2 usefulness, benefit,
in something I wrapped him in utility to be of use to someone 3 law
an overcoat. 4 to clothe in some sort of uniform testimony, evidence
aghustn m. attire, clothing clothing ifdijt m. efficaciousness, utility, benefit
aghustna f. aghust m. plural the act of putting ifz f. Arabic exact description, circumstantial
on clothing, dressing clothing description; pithiness
ghsh m. 1 embrace to afgin m. Arabic plural from
embrace, clasp in the arms 2 an armful 3 figurative bosom, ut-f 1
lap f m. Arabic plural from
aghnd present stem of if f. Arabic recovery, restoration (to health)
aghundavl necessitive verb, transitive [past: ] f objective
to compel to put on, dress ft 1 m. [plural: fatna plural: f t] Arabic .1
agh regional colloquial 1, 2 misfortune, distress, disaster to suffer
39
misfortune has befallen them proverb fridag r m. creator, maker

There is no greater misfortune than idleness. 1.2 1 afrid m. aprid plural Afridi (tribe) 2 afridj m.
damage or loss from agricultural pests 2 attributive apridj m. Afridi (tribesman)
at the time of this heavy rain afri f.
ft b m. the sun afri 1 African 2 m. African (person)
ftb f. pitcher (for washing the hands, etc.) afri f. Africa the African mainland,
aftbalagn m. pitcher and basin (for washing) African continent the South African
ftb 1 sunny 2 yellow 3 faded Republic the Central African Republic
uftd indeclinable 1 cheerless, downfallen 2 unfortunate; Southwest Africa
abased frn prn 1 praise, approval to consider
iftit iftit h f. & m. Arabic m. [plural: iftith t] praiseworthy to praise someone, approve of
beginning, ceremonial opening compound verb to someone ! You've done excellent work! 2
begin, open (e.g., a meeting) compound verb to have interjection good, wonderful, bravo
begun, be opened (e.g., of a meeting) frinsh m. creation, making
iftith Arabic relating to an opening; introductory afz r m. implement, tool, instrument surgical
introductory speech instruments
iftikh r m. Arabic [plural: iftikhrna Arabic afzrdn f. box, case, bag for tools or instruments
plural: iftikhr t] 1 glory; honor afzjsh m. addition; increase
gloriously a to be famed for b to have the honor afzud indeclinable increased, enlarged
I have the honor to 2 pride a to be afs r m. halter
proud of, take pride in b to have the honor a I afsnav attributive fairy tale; legendary; mythical
pride myself in the fact that b I have the honor to 3 afsn f. 1 fable; tale, fairy tale like a fairy
proper name Iftikhar tale 2 invention, fiction This is sheer
iftikhr Arabic honorable the honorable invention. This is pure fiction. 3 regional novel, romance
presidium afsnanig r m. regional novelist
iftir f. Arabic slander, lie; calumny, obloquy 1 afsr m. crown, diadem
iftir z m. Arabic assumption, hypothesis idiom 2 afsr afisr m. regional 1 officer
moral words and turns of phrasing, moralizing and turns naval officer commander; general officer
of expression commanding officers 2 civil servant, public
iftir m. Arabic 1 parting, separation 2 disconnection; employee afsr-i tax official
juncture 3 dissidence, split afsurd indeclinable 1 freezing; congealing 2 fading,
afkhm Arabic excellent, magnificent, outstanding withering 3 figurative sad, cheerless, depressed 4 figurative
afr d m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 military personnel, disheartened, dispirited
complement privates, soldiers; enlisted personnel afsurdadil 3, 4
enlisted reserve seaman, sailors afsari attributive regional officer, pertaining to officer
enlisted personnel on active duty signal rank or office
corpsmen recruits, rookies afss apss 1 m. regret expressions of
ifr z m. Arabic 1 section, compartment, apportionment 2 regret to express regret
physiology secretion a feel sorry for, pity to pity
iffr t m. Arabic 1 excess 2 extreme; excessiveness someone b to regret I regret that 2
a to give oneself up to excesses b to go to extremes, run to interjection woe, alas
excesses afsosn k worthy, deserving of regret; sad
ifrt Arabic 1 extreme; ultra- 2 m. [plural: a sad situation
ifrtij n Arabic plural: ifrtijn] extreme elements, afsn m. witchcraft, sorcery; spell, incantation
extremists; ultras afrz compound expression to bewitch, charm, put under a spell
illuminating (or similar) illuminating the world (of afsungr m. sorcerer, magician, enchanter, wizard
the sun) afsungra feminine of
afruz f. proper name Afruza fse m. offset (printing)
frid indeclinable created
40
ifsh f. Arabic disclosure, publicity compound ufl m. Arabic setting (of the sun); decline, going down
verb to disclose (a secret); give publicity to something to set (of the sun)
afsh r m. singular & plural Afshar (Turkic tribe) fuh interjection ugh
afsh n compound disseminating, spreading ifh m m. Arabic exclamation; interpretation
chemical mortar Language is a means of communication.
afzl Arabic 1.1 most virtuous 1.2 best, excellent m. 2 afr m.
m. proper name Afzal' fisr m. regional 2
afzalijt m. Arabic excellence afimch m. opium smoker
ift r m. Arabic the first meal taken after a (religious) fast afjn m. plural 1 opium 2 figurative narcotic, dope
to eat after having fasted 1 1 white 2 used in geological designations Aktepa
af' l m. Arabic plural from 2 abbreviation from horsepower
afgh n avgh n 1 m. [plural: afghan n Arabic m.
plural: afghin] Afghan (person) 2 attributive Afghan alm m. Arabic plural from
the Afghan people imt m. Arabic 1 stay, sojourn, residence to
afgh n pezhandnkaj m. Afghanist (academic live, stay, settle 2 religion precise observance (of some rite)
specialist) a to live, stay, settle b to stand and sit (during
afghnist n m. Afghanistan prayer) c to pray diligently to pray diligently
afghn 1 attributive Afghan modern f. & m. imatg imatg h 1
Afghan literature the Afghan press 2.1 f. place of residence; residence 2 military army reception center
Afghani, the Afghan language, Pashto 2.2 [plural: im f. Arabic 1 settling, placing, accomodation 2
afghanj] Afghani (monetary unit) one-half Afghani presentation, presenting, institution (of a suit)
to
afghnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to initiate legal action, institute a suit
become Afghan, become an Afgan; be Afghanized jn m. Arabic plural from
uf m. Arabic [plural: ufkna Arabic plural: f. supremacy, rule, sway
af ] 1 horizon the visible horizon ib l m. Arabic 1 prosperity; well-being; material success
military artillery fire area 2 figurative mental outlook, mental 2 good luck; luck 3 Eastern law consent; acknowledgment
horizon
to admit one's guilt; plead guilty
ufuk horizontal horizontal line 4 proper name Ikbal
economics horizontal concentration idiom to iblmn iblmnd 1 prosperous, flourishing 2
move forward, advance happy
afk r m. Arabic plural from exchange of a-p
opinions the general opinion itib s m. Arabic 1 adoption, borrowing 2 extract,
frame of mind quotation idiom quotation marks
afg r avg r 1 injured, hurt 2 mutilated; covered with itibsavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
wounds to adopt, borrow
ifl s m. Arabic 1 poverty, want 2 insolvency, bankruptcy itid f. Arabic imitation; following someone's example
to declare someone bankrupt to imitate, follow someone's example
afl k m. Arabic plural from itid r m. Arabic 1 strength, power, might 2 authority
aflte f. plural regional exercising authority to limit
ifldzh m. Arabic paralysis to paralyze someone's authority, reduce someone's rights 3 superiority
a paralytic a to triumph over something b to surmount
afand m. effendi, mister something 4 mastery
afv dzh m. Arabic plural from itir f. & m. itirh Arabic f. [plural: iktirg ni
afv afv h f. & m. Arabic [plural: afvg ni plural: plural: iktirhg ni m. Arabic plural:
afvhg ni Arabic plural: afvh t] rumor iktirh t] 1 improvisation 2 initiative, creativeness 3
to spread groundless rumors suggestion (e.g., to play, have a good time) 4 casting of lots (in
afvh pertaining to rumors There is a foretelling, etc.)
rumor that itis d m. Arabic economics; the economy the
national economy Ministry of the National
41
Economy political economy Iktisad as Arabic distant, far shr-i the Far
(the periodical) East
itisdn economic, in an economic sense at t f. Arabic botany elder
itisdpoh nd m. itisdd n economist agl m. akgul (a kind of karakul, i.e., Asian sheep or its
itisd 1.1 economic, pertaining to the economy wool, fur or pelt)
economic policy the al Arabic least; minimal, smallest minimum
economic power of the country history the alln Arabic at least, although, at a minimum, not less than
New Economic Policy the economic structure al m m. Arabic plural from
1.2 economical, profitable, economically advantageous 2 m. items of export principal export items
[plural: iktisdij n Arabic plural: aallijt m. Arabic minority national minorities
iktisdijn] economist ilm m. Arabic [plural: alm] 1 climate
itisdij t m. Arabic plural economics; economic continental climate severe climate 2 region, district;
problems the Council for the National country, land area; territory 3 geography belt, zone
Economy ilimshins f. climatology
itisdiph m. economist ilim climatic
itiz f. Arabic [plural: itizg ni m. Arabic am r m. Arabic plural from 1 fellow travelers 2
plural: itiz t] Arabic 1 need, necessity, want 2 satellites
requirement, demand av t m. Arabic plural from 2
itif f. Arabic movement, folowing, taking after av l m. Arabic plural from 1
following, taking after someone av m m. Arabic plural from the
ach f. Akcha (city, district) United Nations Organization
ad r m. Arabic plural from ak m. 1 uncle (father's brother) 2 elderly man; adult man
1
id m m. Arabic [plural: idmna Arabic akbr m. Arabic plural [singular: ]1 grown-ups 2
plural: idm t] 1 measure, arrangement adults the eradication of illiteracy
it is necessary to take all measures 2 speech, oral akkhl 1 m. plural Akakhejli (a subdivision of the Afridi
presentation 3 military operation to conduct tribe of Tirakh) 2 m. Akakhejl (person)
operations 4 endeavor, effort akdem f. academy the Academy of
ad m m. Arabic plural from
2 1
Sciences
idmt executive (of authority, organs) akdmik m. akmik m. akemk
akds Arabic most sacred, holy m. academician
ir r m. Arabic 1 acknowledgement, admission, confession akem f.
law a confession in accordance with the ak 1 cruel, fierce, severe 2 hostile, inimical
observance of Shariat (i.e., the Moslem code of religious and 1 akaj
civil law based on the Koran) 2 ak f. cruelty, ferociousness, severity; oppression
He admitted that he was guilty. 2 attestation, a to demonstrate cruelty b to oppress
affirmation I attest that , I affirm that akaitb m. cruelty, ferociousness, severity
irrnm f. Arabic law contract (written), agreement; ukb m. grandeur, greatness
obligation ikb r m. a kind of buckthorn
irravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to akbr Arabic 1 greatest, most high 2 m. proper name
admit, confess, acknowledge 2 to attest, affirm Akbar
irredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to akbarj f. regional kind of candy, kind of sweetmeat
have admitted, have confessed, have acknowledged 2 to have akpk
attested, have affirmed; be attested, be affirmed iktis b m. Arabic 1 acquisition; gain; money-grubbing 2
arb preparation, training
arib m. Arabic plural [singular: ]relatives, iktisb 1 acquired; earned, gained 2 preparatory,
relations; kinfolk preliminary academic training idiom
rab t m. Akrabat (city, northern Afghanistan) naturalization
as t m. Arabic plural from iktish f m. Arabic [plural: iktishfna Arabic
as m m. Arabic plural from 1 plural: iktishf t] 1 discovery, invention 2 research
42
3 intelligence, scouting, reconnaissance 4 development, aksizhn m. oxygen

progress akseler m. pedal, accelerator to
iktishf Arabic 1 attributive research 2 attributive depress the pedal with the foot
intelligence; reconnaissance reconnaissance akl m. Arabic food, nourishment foodstuffs
aircraft akll m. Arabic coronet
iktif f. Arabic contentment, satisfaction ikm l m. Arabic 1 completion, end 2 execution (e.g., of a
to be contented, be satisfied with something commercial order) 3 military replenishment
to be enough for something replenishment of ammunition 4 supply compound
aktbr m. October verb compound verb
aktf active, aggressive ikmlt 1 military pertaining to resupply 2 attributive
a m. 1 theatrical presentation, act 2 acting, stage acting supply, of supply
kng m. performance, acting (on the stage) ikml kavnkaj 1 attributive supply, of supply 2
to act, perform (on stage) m. member of supply services
aksr Arabic 1 the many; the majority, the greater part
ikmlavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
in the majority of countries 2 principally, for complete, finish, end 2 to fill an order 3 military to replenish,
the most part, mostly, in the majority of cases, mainly; in resupply 4 to supply
general; often, usually it usually happens thus 3 ikml
higher, highest the maximum ikmledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
aksrn 2 to be completed, be finished 2 to be filled (of an order) 3
aksra 1 feminine of 2 principally, for the most part, military to be replenished, be resupplied 4 to be supplied
mostly, in the majority of cases, mainly akml Arabic 1 completed 2 maximal; highest possible
aksarijt m. Arabic majority a simple akumultr m. storage battery
majority an absolute majority a akn f m. Arabic plural from idiom
majority of votes to have a majority personal plot, land allocation (of a collective farmer)
akr m. giddiness, dizziness aknn literary at once, now
kr f. Akkra (city) ekv dr m. Ecuador
ikr m m. Arabic respect, esteem with great akuv n m. plural children's speech little children, children
respect, very respectfully to treat someone with ku-bku m. 1 kind of bird 2 kind of children's game 3
respect dialect person with protruding eyes
ikrh m. Arabic aversion, repugnance, disgust, loathing akorden accordion
akrb 1 poor a poor man, poor person 2 m. ak m. [plural: ako n] walnut
poor peasant akokhl 1 m. plural Akorkhejli (subdivision of the
akrabtb m. poverty, want Khammok tribe) 2 m. Akorkhejl (tribesman)
akarbakr m. plural regional 1 expression, look 2 ako f. Akora (capital city of the Khammok tribe)
character, spirit (of a time, epoch) akoj m. Morocco
akrba feminine singular from 1 akoz m. plural Akozai (a subdivision of the Yusufai
akrm Arabic 1 most generous, most bountiful, most tribe) 2 akozj Akozai (tribesman)
gracious 2 m. proper name Akram akk m. plural 1 unripe fruit to set
akram-ul-makhlu t m. Arabic crown of creation, (as of fruit) 2 the juice of unripe fruit; a seasoning made from
mankind unripe fruit
akrma f. dialect fourth finger ekonom f. economics
akarj f. plural ruins ekonomst m. economist
1 k m. oh dear uncle (as a form of address) ekonomk m. economics
2 ak 1 childless; fruitless, barren 2 despairing ik f. obsolete iki, pice (i.e., 1/30 of a rupee)
ks jd m. oxide akaem f. regional academy
iksrz m. eksrz plural 1 x-rays 2 x-ray room agav
ksidzhn m. oxygen g h 1 experienced, learned, informed to inform,
aksr m. Arabic 1 elixir 2 alchemy aksr-i a notify to be informed, know 2 conscious
panacea ghmn
43
agh regional 1 sharp-sighted; farsighted 2.1 beforehand, 2 ill Arabic 1 excluding, besides, aside from 2 however
in advance, in good time 2.2 earlier somewhat al -al heave-ho, all-together (or similar expression used as a
earlier nine years ago cry in unison when doing heavy work)
gh f. information, notification al-bal 1 all, altogether 2 quite, completely idiom
agb m. agb regional steamboat to worry, to be disturbed, be alarmed
agdr strong, robust al p m. regional solo part, melody to lead
1 ag r m. 1 base person, low person; toady, sycophant 2 the singing, strike up a tune, begin to play
slave l t m. Arabic plural
2 agr conjunction if, though although al dzh m. aldzhgr m. 1 skutcher, operator of a
3 agr m. regional 1 kind of perfume 2 aloe combing machine in a cotton mill 2 hand combing flax, beating
agr-bagr m. regional bustle, turmoil cotton
agramj m. al dzha feminine of
1 ugr f. 1 aldzh f. wooden gin or spike revolving barrel (for
2 agra feminine of separating the cotton from the seeds of the cotton plant)
agrem n m. diplomacy agrment (i.e., the granting of to skutch, gin cotton, free the cotton from the seeds
diplomatic recognition to a diplomatic representative by the state 2 aldzhi plural of
to which he is to be accredited) to accord alch f.
agrment to someone ilch f. cardamom (the plant or the spice)
gst m. agst August alrgh m. falcon (bird)
agl m. ditch, drainage ditch al sti indeclinable disappearing; unseen
agn m. mirafra cantillans (a kind of lark) alsk f. Alaska
agvj f. reins alsh f. jaw, maxilla
agchi a to be exhausted (with), break down alghbahd f. manufacture of silver and gold, lace, braid,
from b to strive to attain (something) etc.
gh Let me know what the story is. alkulng m. swings
Let me know what is happening. al l
agj f. singular & plural dialect egg, eggs 1 l m m. Arabic plural from
omelet idiom an innocent baby 2 al m
literal to sing while in the egg figurative to be very adroit, be al v m. flame; bonfire
dexterous alvrti f. plural 1 ill-considered action
agejl agjl transitive [past: ] 1 to irritate, to act rashly 2 nonsense 3 improvisation a to
annoy 2 to incite, instigate 3 to abrade, rub sore 4 to sew up speak rashly b to talk nonsense c to improvise; make
(i.e., a sack) something up
1
l m. Arabic singular & plural children, posterity ljsh m. 1 profanation 2 soiling, defilement, spoiling
the human race posterity elb m. the Elbe River
household and property elb f. the Island of Elba
2
al cord connecting the yoke with the main beam of a plow albnij f. albnij f. Albania
3
l scarlet, red albnijj Albanian the Albanian language
4
al interjection hey, look, look here albtta Arabic of course, undoubtedly; to be sure; without
5
al Arabic the definite article in the Arabic language; before fail
the "sun" letters it is elbrz m. elbrs m. Mount Elbrus
assimilated by these sounds, and is read accordingly with them; albis m. Arabic plural [plural: albis] dress (in the
i.e., the phoneme /l/ of the article preceding a "sun" consonant general sense), clothing
is not only assimilated but has the effect of doubling the albush ka f. token, sign, indication
consonant phoneme in question; at-tarikh; ar- albm m.
rahman etc. It is pronounced in Pashto in borrowed compound ilbnd m. summer pasture, mountain pasture
words as "ul," "ur," "ut," etc. e.g., abdurraham albng mute
1
al f. run; running; rush to run up to someone, albm m. album
rush up to someone albumn m. chemistry albumen
44
lp m. the Alps the Alps alhsl Arabic in a word, in one word, in short
alpi-al indeclinable ruined; bereft of resources in short
to ruin to be ruined ilh m. Arabic 1 joining, annexation 2 appendix,
lt m. Arabic [plural: lat na Arabic plural: supplement 3 contiguity, junction
l t] instrument, tool, device, apparatus, contrivance ilhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
military entrenching tool musical instruments join, annex 2 to apply; supplement; adjoin
machine tools machine-tool ilhaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
manufacture; toolmaking; instrument manufacture be joined, be annexed 2 to be applied, be supplemented
alt j m. 1 Altai the Altai Mountains 2 paws ilhj f. 1 appendix, supplement 2 extension, wing (of a
of a fox pelt building)
iltib s m. Arabic confusion, vagueness to alh n m. Arabic plural from
confuse, muddle up to avoid confusion, avoid alhamdulillh Arabic thanks to God, glory to God, praise
vagueness to Allah
iltidzh f. Arabic running for shelter; seeking asylum ilkh Arabic and so on, and so forth, etc.
to run to shelter; seek asylum to turn to alr m. Eastern penholder (for letter-writing)
someone for assistance arrij z m. Arabic
iltiz m m. Arabic debt; obligation ilz m m. Arabic 1 charge, accusation; conviction
iltizm Arabic under obligation; obliged idiom Eastern law to accuse someone, charge 2 reproof, blame,
grammar present tense of the perfective aspect censure 3 shame, disgrace
iltif t m. Arabic 1 esteem; honor; courtesy 2 attention uls m. 1
to attract someone's attention a alsti unexpectedly, against all expectations to
to show respect, honor for someone b to pay attention to happen unexpectedly
someone elastik flexible; elastic
iltim s m. Arabic earnest request; entreaty; supplication elastikijt m. flexibility; elasticity
to entreat, supplicate as-salm 'aljkum Arabic Peace unto you, Peace be
someone to earnestly request, address a request with you; Hello, Goodbye
iltim s kavnkaj m. applicant, petitioner; one elsalvdr m. El Salvador
addressing a request alsin m. Arabic plural from
iltih b m. Arabic medicine inflammation 1 als m. plural Eastern flaxseed flaxseed oil
iltihb inflammatory inflammation 2 uls
ultimtm m. ultimatum ultimatum to alsh
present an ultimatum alishavl transitive
altimtr m. altimeter alishedl intransitive
aldzhazr m. Arabic plural aldzhazjr m. 1 ilgh f. Arabic cancellation, annulment; abolishment
Algeria (state, city) People's compound verb to cancel, annul; abolish
Democratic Algerian Republic 2 algh to make a noise, create a hubub
aldzhzajir 1 Algerian 2 Algerian (person) 1 alghs f. piece of bread taken in order to allay one's
aldzhazir f. Algeria (state, city) hunger
uldzh f. trophy, captured equipment, military loot, booty 2 alghs upset, saddened to feel upset over
compound verb to acquire as trophies, obtain as algh v-talgh v m. regional
captured equipment alghat n restless, active (of a child)
aldzhi n m. plural water plants algharz Arabic in a word, in short, in brief
aldzhirij f. Algeria (state, city) algh-talgh 1 noise, din 2 confusion
alchak n m. plural handcuffs, manacles algh f. ring, hoop idiom to dupe, deceive someone
alach f. alacha (spotted or striped cloth)
ilch alf m. 1 aliff (the name of the first letter of the Afghan-
1 ilh d m. Arabic heresy, atheism Arabic alphabet) idiom I am as poor as a church
2 alh d m. Arabic plural from mouse. to stand at attention
alf z m. Arabic plural from
45
alifb f. alphabet; ABC book according to the 1

alm m. Arabic [plural: alamna Arabic plural:
alphabet, in alphabetic order l m] 1 grief; sorrow 2 torment, torture idiom
alifbaj alphabetic, pertaining to the alphabet a to suffer from gluttony, be insatiable b to be impatient
alifb f. according to the alphabet, 2 alm m.
in alphabetic order alm -at f. Alma Ata (city)
ulft m. Arabic closeness, intimacy; affection; friendship almrj f. cupboard, cabinet with shelves
to enter into a friendship with someone bookcase wall cupboard the
to strike up a friendship with someone cupboard is open
luft indeclinable 1 upset, annoyed 2 unhappy a alm s m. singular & plural 1 diamond 2 small scissors,
to upset b to make unhappy a to be upset, be clippers
annoyed b to be unhappy lm n m. Germany
alifub f. alphabet; ABCs; ABC book lmnav 1
the Morse code, Morse alphabet almn lmnj 1 German lmni German
il f. Arabic persuasion; suggestion; incitement language 2 m. German (person)
to suggest insistently; persuade alamvr
al b m. Arabic plural from official titles alimpj olimpj f. the Olympic Games, the
il h m. biology impregnation, fertilization Olympiad
impregnation, fertilization artificial insemination alimpk olimpk 1 olympic 2 m. the Olympic Society (of
aliss Arabic 1 in a word, in short, in brief 2 finally Afghanistan)
alk m. alimpik olimpik olympic
elektrn m. [plural: elekrronna plural: almr m. the Order of the Sun,
elektron t] electron Second Degree the Order of the Sun, First
elektron electronic Degree
electronic theory electronic computer almar f. Almara (district, Khost)
elektronk m. electronics almaghrib m. almaghrb 1 Morocco 2 countries of the
elekrn m. Magreb (i.e., those in northwest African Arabic-speaking lands)
elektron almaghrib almaghreb 1 Moroccan 2 m. Moroccan
alkozj m. plural (person)
1 alkoz m. plural Alkozai (one of the Durrani tribes) 2 alam-ghalm 1.1 good-for-nothing, dissolute 1.2 reckless
alkozj m. Alkozai (tribesman) 2 m. .1 intriguer, plotter; cheat, swindler 2.2 nonsense,
alkl m. Arabic plural alcohol fiddlesticks 2.3 inarticulateness 2.4 dialect swindle, fraud,
alkuvjt m. Kuwait trickery
1 ulk f. obsolete 1 province 2 proprietorship alamn k 1 agonizing, painful 2 sad, melancholy;
2 alka vocative from sorrowful
alkj zhba f. alkj zhbj f. anatomy uvula almunijm m. plural almunijm m. plural
idiom I used all aluminum
my persuasion to get Ahmed to give me his book. ulm f. fine weather, clear weather
alga f. barren (e.g., of a cow) alamij sadly, dolorously
allh Arabic 1 m. God, Allah ! Oh my God! 2 aling r m. the Allingar River
interjection I swear proverb He is alang f. wall
destitute. He is poor as a church-mouse. 1 l m. [plural: lug n] plum
allahuakbr Arabic 1 Allah is great! 2 used as a battle 2 l interjection hello
cry by troops going in to attack 3 Thanks be to God; Glory to 3 al m. regional potato
God; Praise be to God 4 al
allah-khjr Arabic God forbid! 5 al m. proper name Alo
allahdd m. proper name Allahdad 6 ul m. kindling wood (i.e., dead brush, fallen branches)
allahjr m. proper name Alajar, Alayar 7 ulv m. 2
alv h m. Arabic plural
alv r m. plural wood; lumber; timber (logs)
46
alv n Arabic 1 m. plural of 2 m. cotton print, 1.6 to blow off, carry away (by wind) 1.7 to evaporate 1.8 to
brightly-colored cloth (used for shawls, dresses) separate, detach, chip off; chop off; break off 1.9 electrical
lubl m. singular & plural cherries engineering to burn through, burn out to burn out a
lubukhr f. Bukharian plum; prunes fuse 1.10 to break, break up to smash one's
1 alvt m. flight to fly away, take off skull 1.11 to kill, get someone out of the way 1.12 to spend
2 alvt imperative of frivolously; squander, waste, throw to the winds 2 m. plural .1
alvutk alvatk 1 flying 2 being fledged, becoming piloting (e.g., an aircraft) 2.2 explosion
fledged (of nestlings) alvuzavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. pilot,
aircraft
alvutka f. aircraft, airplane flier
carrier antiaircraft gun alvzi present tense of
bomber military aircraft uls m.
airdrome ground-attack aircraft ulus
fighter aircraft jet aircraft alvl 1 sinuous, tortuous 2 collapsing, tumbling down
alvutl alvatl Eastern 1 present tense past to collapse, tumble (in ruins) 3 disorderly
tense future perfective intransitive .1 to fly 1.2 to aluminijm m. plural aluminum
take off; be launched (in air) 1.3 to be blown up 1.4 electrical alun-baln m. concern, alarm
engineering to burn out 1.5 to fly away; be detached, be I spent the whole night in a state of alarm.
broken off 1.6 to blow; rise (of the wind) A alunj in hiding; disappeared from sight
cold wind is blowing today. A blizzard is blowing to be hidden from sight, disappear, vanish
up. 1.7 to evaporate, lose fragrance, go flat (of a concentrate aluvl
solution, perfume); disappear, volatilize, disappear into thin air alvojl transitive [past: ] 1 to burn 2 to fry, grill
1.8 to fade, lose color (of paint, dye) 1.9 to turn yellow; grow 3 to torture, torment
pale (a face) He grew uluhijt m. Arabic 1 deity 2 divinity
pale. 2 m. plural .1 flight, flying 2.2 explosion idiom 1 alvaj lvaj 1 fried, grilled 2 tortured, tormented
He died. a He lost his head. b He grew 2 alvj f. roasting of an ear of corn
pale. ! You have gone out of your mind. alvez n upset, pained, grieved
He has sunk down (morally). alvh m. plural light wind, breeze
alvutna f. 1 flight; flying 2 explosion 3 take-off l f. Arabic 1 device; tool, apparatus; contrivance; machine
alvutnkaj 1 present participle of 2 attributive tool musical instrument rangefinder
flying, pertaining to flight cruise missile radio transmitter 2 figurative a tool
alvut m. plural to be a tool in someone's hands 3 grammar agent
ludzh f. aluch f. alycha (a kind of damson) noun of agent
alvdz present stem of ilh m. Arabic God
alvudzavl transitive ilah Arabic interjection oh God
aluts f. altsa alycha (a kind of damson) idiom ilh m m. Arabic [plural: ilhm na Arabic plural:
to screw up one's eyes ilhm t] 1 suggestion; inducement compound
ld combining form stained, soiled, covered with blood verb to suggest to someone 2 inspiration to
gory, bloodstained inspire 3 stimulus, incentive
alvid' attributive parting, valedictory al-bal f. cry, howl
farewell, leave-taking to pay a farewell visit; alatsk m. thawed patch
go say goodbye alsti f. plural rashly spoken word
lud indeclinable stained, bloodstained la-gla f. al-gul f. 1 riot, revolt, sedition;
alvuzavl 1 transitive future prefective disturbances 2 noise a to rebel, revolt; instigate
present tense .1 to make to fly, arise, rise up; toss up, disturbances b to make a noise, be noisy
throw up to release pigeons 1.2 to pilot (an alhng m. regional 1 sorrowful weeping 2 torments,
aircraft) 1.3 to blow up to blow up a bridge agonies, sad experiences
to shoot one who has alavrti f. plural
been lashed to the muzzle of a cannon ( a form of capital punish alvaj interjection 1 ow, it hurts 2 ouch
in former times) 1.4 to fan (flames) 1.5 to winnow (grain) lih m. Arabic plural divinity
47
ilah Arabic 1 divine; celestial, heavenly 2 interjection oh amzn m. the Amazon River
God amkn m. Arabic plural from
ilahij t m. Arabic plural theology m l m. Arabic plural from 3
1 l attributive toolmaking; used for making tools umm-al-bil d f. Arabic history the Mother of Cities (i.e.,
2 alj interjection 1 oh, oh really, my God ! Balkh)
Oh! Oh! What have you done! 1 aml f. Arabic enema
ilj s m. Arabic proper name Ilyas 2 iml f. Arabic linguistics softening of a vowel sound
alj f m. Arabic plural from im m m. Arabic 1 imam; chief priest; spiritual leader 2
aljf Arabic fibrous a fibrous substance religious minister (leader of prayer) 3 figurative leader, teacher
ali-pal regional 1 turned head over heels 2 m. immt m. Arabic the rank of imam
disorders; disturbances am n m. to
Arabic 1 security; calm
li-dzli f. plural request for forgiveness, request for be protected from something 2 mercy; pardon, amnesty
absolution to spare, show mercy to to ask for mercy;
alesk f. Alaska throw oneself at the mercy of the conqueror to
alsh substituted, replaced spare, show mercy to, forgive someone, give amnesty to
alishng m. the Alishang River someone idiom ! Goodbye!
alishavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to amnt m. Arabic 1 honesty, conscientiousness, decency
change, exchange, replace to change (one's clothes) to be honest 2 goods or money put into escrow or
2 to change, alter to shed hair (of animals) loaned for temporary use 3 custody 4 guardianship, trusteeship
passive 5 power of attorney 6 finance deposit, account to
alishedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be make a deposit, deposit, deposit money into an account
changed, be exchanged, be replaced to alternate, the total assets deposited by a
take turns The water is turning to steam. population in banks 7 security; calm
alishednkaj 1 present participle of 2 amnatd r Arabic 1 honest, conscientious, decent;
changeable, unstable, inconstant worthy of confidence 2 m. trustee, custodian, guardian

alished m. plural 1 substitution; change a amnatdr f. honesty, conscientiousness, decency
change of address 2 change, alteration, transformation completely honestly
alf m. plural drying oil amnatk r Arabic
ilekshn m. regional elections; electoral campaign amanatkr f. devotion; honesty
aliushn the Aleutian Islands amnatgr
iljh Arabic combining form mentioned in passing, amnatgar f.
referred to amnat 1 deposited to an account 2 place in trust, given
alejl transitive into custody He has charge of my
1 m m. am m. 1 money. 3 under guardianship
2 um amndzhn sorrowful, sad
3 um f. umm Arabic mother 1 amn 1 relating to the rule of King Amanully-Khan 2 f.
4 um history amani (a coin minted in the time of Amanully-Khan)
amm Arabic conjunction however, but however 2
amn Arabic sound, worthy of confidence (of money,
am dzh m. am ch m. omelet with greens goods, property) to entrust, deposit, make a deposit
mdag f. 1 readiness, preparation 2 procurement a to keep money (in a safe place) b to put
procurement of fodder money aside
md indeclinable 1 ready; prepared 3 amn Eastern quite; all; entirely, in full
We are ready. 2 laid in, prepared a to prepare, make amb m. the Amb River
ready b to lay in, store, ready a to be ready, be umb f. bleating of sheep
prepared b to be laid in, be stored, be readied 3 susceptible (to amb r m. 1 sewage; manure 2 fertilizer
illnesses) agricultural fertilizer factory; chemical fertilizer plant
imrt m. Arabic 1 emirate, principality 2 power, to fertilize the soil
authority to be fertilized 3 storehouse, barn 4 heap, pile (of
umrg f. boil (on children) manure) 5 haystack, hayrick 6 trash, rubbish
48
ambrkhn f. 1 storeroom 2 warehouse 3 regional imtij z m. Arabic [plural: imtijzna Arabic

barn; grain-storage facility plural: imtijz t] 1 difference, distinction; peculiarity
ambrkh m. one who collects dung, manure, etc. for national traits to distinguish,
use as fertilizer differentiate a to be distinguished, be differentiated b
amblj f. seat with canopy (on the back of an elephant), to occupy the first places _ to be distinguished for, be
howdah notable for It is hard to tell them apart. 2
embrilodzh f. embryology advantage; privilege 3 economics concession to
amb-chamb regional 1 wound around, twined grant concessions
around, wrapped (i.e., with a blanket) 2 interlaced imtijznm f. Arabic economics concessive agreement
to interlace the fingers imtijz Arabic 1 distinctive, different from; special
ambr m. special rate; special pay rate 2 advantaged;
ambul ns m. ambulance privileged; preferred 3 economics concessional
ambh settlement, concession (e.g., the International Settlement in
amb f. mango (tree or its fruit) Shanghai in pre-1949 China)
impirtrs f. empress ams l m. Arabic plural from 1, 2
impirtr m. emperor imh f. Arabic destruction, annihilation
impirtur f. impirturijt m. empire destruction of the enemy
impirjlzm m. imperialism imhk r destroying, annihilating annihilating
impirjlst m. imperialist fire
impirjlist indeclinable imperialistic md m. 1 arrival 2 income, receipts 3 assets; resources 4
ampl m. ampule combining form capable of use useful, necessary; fit,
ummt m. Arabic religious community, flock suitable
imtis l m. Arabic following, obedience to someone imd d m. Arabic assistance, support first aid
in execution of the order pecuniary aid
imtih n Arabic 1 test, check-up to test imdd Arabic military auxiliary
someone 2 examination oral examination reinforcement
to take an examination to pass an madn m. plural 1 arrival 2 income; receipts
examination He failed the examination. income and expenditures
imtihnavl denominative, transitive 1 [past: madan f. income
]to check up on, test 2 to examine mad-u-rft m. 1 arrival and departure; traffic; regular
imtihn Arabic 1 attributive test, check-up 2 roundtrip traffic between two points 2 intercourse, connection,
examination communication a to ply (a route) b to visit,
imtid d m. Arabic 1 extent, stretch, duration frequent
for the duration of the journey, along the route 2 1
mr m. Arabic [plural: mir n Arabic plural:
prolongation, extension to prolong, extend mirn] 1 chief department chief 2 staff officer 3
imtidd Arabic continued, extended, prolonged leader; manager 4 sovereign 5 person who gives commissions
imtiz dzh m. Arabic 1 blend; blending 2 chemistry or instructions to others
combination 2
amr m. Arabic [plural: amrna Arabic plural:
imtin ' f. Arabic refusal, rejection; abstention from avmr] 1 order, instruction subordinate
something to reject, abstain from operational order under someone's orders;
something subordinate to someone to order
imtin' preventative, deterrent preventative someone, command someone to issue an order
measures medicine prophylaxis to command someone 2 grammar imperative mood
imtin n m. Arabic thankfulness, gratitude 3 mr m. mr Arabic [plural: umr] matter, affair, the
to thank someone, express gratitude to someone state of affairs, the circumstances It is
amt f. 1 reliance, hope, expectation 2 wish, desire understood that It is natural that
a to hope, entertain hope, have expectations b to wish umr umar m. Arabic plural from
amtad r 1 hoping for something 2 achieving, attaining amr z m. Arabic plural from
something amir n m. plural 1 from 2 senior officer complement
49
amrbr m. Arabic messenger, orderly, runner that , in view of the fact that , because
liaison officer for this very reason, that
amrbar f. Arabic the job of orderly, messenger or runner 2 aml m. drug addiction
amrt m. guava (the fruit) 3 aml m. Arabic [plural: amalna Arabic plural:
amras f. "amrasa" (a kind of a sweet dish made of flour, m l] hope, expectation
boiled butter and syrup) iml f. Arabic 1 dictation to transcribe diction
amrt m. amrd m. 1 2 pear (the fruit) to dictate 2 spelling, orthography standardized
amroz regional on the very same day spelling You write with errors.
mra f. head, chief (female) aml k m. Arabic plural from 2 chief of
amr Arabic grammar imperative mood the directorate of state property
mirijt m. Arabic 1 authority, supremacy imlj orthographic
to be under someone's authority 2 leadership; amlk m. amka f. plural a kind of persimmon
management a to lead, be chief b to command, have idiom saying He suffered along with his
someone at one's disposition 3 job, post, position pals.
amrik f. America 1 aml f. to attack someone
the United States of America 2 ml f. a kind of myrtle
South America North America 1 amal m. 1 smoker 2 drug addict 3 drunkard
Central America 2 imlj f. botany tamarind
amrik armikan regional 1 American 2 m. amlejl transitive [past: ] to hide, conceal
American (person) 1 amn m. Arabic 1 security, tranquillity, peace a to
amrik f. secure (e.g., tranquillity, peace) b to make secure
umj 1 to threaten the peace to
mzarj m. Eastern
tiger settle a question by peaceful means
proverb In one's own home the dog is a tiger. to live peacefully, live in tranquillity Eastern
proverb literal in the tiger's lair lie Complete tranquillity was reestablished. 2 order
tiger cubs figurative Like father, like son. 2 amn thoughtful, serious
saying Do not awaken a sleeping tiger. 3 imn calming, consoling
amzlaj m. 1 aman f. consent, assent to agree, assent
ams f. stick, walking stick, staff amnipasnd peace loving peace loving
amast f. 1 arrangement, adaptation 2 agriculture scion, people
graft aman f. snow mixed with rain, sleet
imz f. Arabic signature the place for a amank m. 1 asylum, refuge, place of refuge 2
signature compound verb to sign to be stronghold
signed amnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to calm,
mghn f. dialect groin soothe
umghaln 1 unripe 2 embryonic, incipient, rudimentary amna-amn f. peace, tranquillity
imk n m. Arabic possibly; feasibility aminijt m. Arabic 1 security, tranquillity
to the extent possible Security Council 2 military protection, security
if possible impracticable to aminijat pertaining to security
have the possibility It is possible that aminedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
to turn out to be possible; come true calmed
He could not even come. It amnij f. Arabic 1 security Security
will be difficult to bring this matter to fruition. Council 2 security police
imknbkhsh possible; practicable m m. the Amu Darya River
imkn Arabic grammar the amv dzh m. Arabic plural from electrical
potential form currents
1

aml m. 1 aim, goal, object, end, purpose amv l m. Arabic plural from
for defense purposes For the sake of amkht m. 1 habit to grow
attaining this goal. 2 reason, basis for the reason accustomed to something 2 practice, custom, wont
50
amokht amukht indeclinable 1 knowing something; amid m. & f. namesake

being accustomed to something I do not amr m. Arabic [plural: amir n Arabic plural:
have the smoking habit. 2 tamed; tame a to train umar ] 1 ruler; emir; prince; nobleman
to train for work b to tame, domesticate noblemen 2 military leader 3 proper name Amir
a to be trained; make oneself familiar with b to be tamed amir l m. amir-ul-bhr m. Arabic admiral
proverb It is hard to break bad habits. admirn Arabic princely
idiom folklore the serene falcon amirzd 1 m. son of an emir; prince; young son of a
amohtag f. 1 state of being tame, state of being prince 2 f. daughter of an emir; princess; young daughter of a
domesticated 2 knowledge of locality prince
1
umr m. Arabic plural from current amir 1 pertaining to an emir, princely 2 f. .1 emir's,
matters philanthropy, charity prince's court 2.2 emirate, principality mz
amr m. the Amur River
2
combining form being mixed up; mixed, blended
umur t m. second plural from 1 painted, colored
mz mz combining form instructive amez n m. the Amazon River
novice recruits mezsh m. blending, mixture
umumt m. Arabic 1 maternity 2 matriarchy aml m. 1 necklace 2 wreath; garland 3 proper name
amonij f. chemistry ammonia, ammonium hydrate Amel idiom to throw one's arms around
amonjk chemistry ammoniac someone's neck
1 ma f. mango (the tree or its fruit) 1
mn Arabic 1 amen; so be it 2 m. amen to
2 um from 2 say amen idiom ! Eastern I wish you the same!
3 um 3 2 amn Arabic 1 correct, reliable, conscientious
imh l m. Arabic postponement; delay, procrastination He is a very reliable person. 2 m. .1 confidential agent,
1 am m. ignoramus proxy 2.2 guardian 2.3 arbitrator 2.4 proper name Amin,
2 amm Arabic umm Eastern 1 illiterate, uneducated 2 m. Emin Aminuddin Aminulla
& f. ignoramus amintb m. guardianship; trusteeship
1 amjn f. handbag, purse, wallet, money belt amnki amen, so be it
2 amjn f. plural from 2 2 aminv laj m. reliability, faithfulness, conscientiousness
mb m. mb amoeba 1 n m. Arabic instant, moment all the time; every
mebk amebic dysentery minute in an instant, at once, instantly,
umd m. umd m. 1 hope, expectation immediately in a twinkling idiom to try with all one's
despite expectations I lost hope for might Western I tried to
this. He gave himself up completely to persuade him in every way, but he did not come.
despair. to nourish a hope, hope ... to Western He is at death's door. to submit to, be
hope that to nourish hope, hope to give reconciled with In the final analysis they
rise to hope, instill hope There is no submitted to their fate. In the end they were reconciled to their
hope that this matter will succeed. ... I hope lot.
very much that There is no hope 2
on 1 exactly; precisely 2 right up to even up
for his recovery. a I rely on you. b I to , right up to
expect you. proverb While there is life there 3
n plural suffix usually for animate nouns hawk
is hope. 2 proper name Umed plural hawks
umedafz umd bakhhnkaj giving rise to an f. [plural: ang ni plural: an vi]
hope, reassuring grandmother a to be a grandmother b to mature early;
umedv r 1.1 hoping for something ... I become mature early, become grown up (of a girl) c to grow
hope that 1.2 optimistic mood 2 m. candidate, competitor wise, be wise idiom This matter is
umedvravl denominative, intransitive [past: ] already a thing of the past.
to give rise to, instill hope nn Arabic instantly, at once, right away
umedv ra f. pregnant an b m. plural botany any member of low shrubs of the
1 umedvr f. 1 hope, expectation 2 pregnancy Buckthorn family
2 umedvri plural from antm m. anatomist
51
antom 1 f. anatomy animal anatomy 2 ant n m. history the Entente

plant anatomy 2 anatomical intib f. intib h Arabic 1 cheerfulness, courage 2
anatj f. blindman's-bluff (the children's game) awakening the Renaissance 3 vigilance,
ins Arabic feminine, woman's lis-ji circumspection
women's secondary school intibhnm f. appeal, leaflet, broadside
andl m. Anatolia intidzh ' f. Arabic foraging
an r m. singular & plural pomegranate intih r m. Arabic suicide
pomegranate (the fruit) pomegranate juice intih l m. Arabic plagiarism
pomegranate syrup intikh b m. Arabic 1 election, selection, choice
anrpst m. pomegranate rind reelection compound verb
anrdar f. Anardara (district) compound verb 2 biology selection
nrsh f. anarchy natural selection
nrchizm m. anarchism intikhb t m. Arabic plural from elections
nrshst m. anarchist secret ballot election statute
anrk f. electoral law electoral district
anrkzm m. 1 anarchism 2 anarchy general elections direct elections
anrvl m. seller of pomegranates reelection
antl intikhbt electoral, pertaining to elections
an feles m. anopheles mosquito, malarial mosquito the term of a convocation or session (e.g., of a parliament)
an ns m. regional announcement, notice intikh b kavnkaj m. elector, voter
anng f. cheek intikhbavl denominative [past: ] to elect
ananijt m. Arabic 1 egotism 2 arrogance intikhabvnkaj 1 present participle from 2
anv m. dialect 1 damage, loss 2 elector; voter
anv laj m. position of a grandmother (in a family) intikhb 1 electoral; voting 2 sports elimination
anv m. scrap business, scrap intikhbedl denominative [past: ] to be
1 un m. the Unai Pass elected to be elected
2 anji m. fool, blockhead He was elected chairman.
amb r m. intikhbednkaj 1 present participle from 2
ambrkhn f. person elected, candidate elected
ambravl denominative [past: ] 1 to put (down, intid b m. Arabic mandate
together, in, on) 2 to put or lay (in, on) to intidb Arabic mandate, pertaining to mandate
pile one on another 3 to drift (e.g., of snow) antrst m. plural anthracite
ambredl intransitive [past: ]1 to be put, be inters interest
placed, be piled (on one another) 2 to be drifted antrks m. medicine malignant anthrax
amblj f. interneshanalzm m. internationalism
inbis t m. Arabic 1 gaiety, joy, delight 2 broadening, antropolodzh f. anthropology
expansion antrshaj m. sneezing
ambr m. tongs, pincers intis b m. Arabic 1 relationship, connection; belonging 2
ambh 1 numerous 2 m. crowd, gathering (of people) origin, provenance 3 preface, foreword
amboh f. abundance, plenty intish r m. Arabic [plural: intishrna Arabic
amb f. mango plural: intishrt] Arabic 1 dissemination (e.g., of
anbij m. Arabic plural from rumors) 2 publication, promulgation installation
amb m. ambk m. still, distillation apparatus of radio receivers on a broad basis a to be
int dzh m. Arabic 1 production; creation 2 produce; disseminated (of rumors) b to be published, be promulgated 3
product 3 work (of art, literature, etc.) dispersion 4 finance issuance
antrktk m. Antarctica the continent of instis b m. Arabic establishing, fixing, setting,
Antarctica designating
1
int n m. festering, suppuration, abscessing to intisb having been fixing; set, designated
fester, suppurate intis r m. Arabic victory
52
intiz r m. Arabic 1 waiting, awaiting interneshanalzm internationalism

having waited for a while ansaj m. anshaj m. sneezing; sneeze
to wait, await andzh m m. 1 end, conclusion, outcome
For whom is he waiting? to end, conclude, complete; execute to be
I waited all day ... They expect that ended, be concluded, be completed How will
I am waiting for you. 2 hope, expectation this come out? compound verb
intizrkhn f. 1 reception room 2 waiting room compound verb 2 end, tip 3 extremity
intiz m m. Arabic 1 order organization, andzhmavl denominative [past: ] to end,
orderliness 2 administration, management 3 arrangement, finish, complete, execute to carry out his duties
organization 4 measure a to administer something, andzhmedl denominative [past: ] to be ended,
manage something b to adjust, put something to rights finished, be completed; be executed, be carried out
a to set up tea-drinking, arrange tea-drinking b to indzhiz b Arabic 1 attraction, gravity an
prepare tea to arrange something, attractive force 2 enthusiasm, bent, attraction
organize something, adjust something to be andzhart m. plural gum of milk vetch
arranged, be organized, be adjusted 5 regularity 6 installation; andzh 1 m. tangled skein 2.1 tangled, confused; in a
equipment idiom carriage, bearing tangle 2.2 complex literal to tangle the
intif ' f. Arabic utilization, use skein
inti d m. Arabic criticism literary criticism indzhksjon m. indzhekshn m. injection,
to criticize to be infusion; vaccination, inoculation to give an
subjected to criticism, be criticized injection; an infusion, an inoculation
inti l m. Arabic 1 transport, transportation 2 passage, indzhka f. moan (of a person who is ill)
transition 3 demise, passing, death a compound verb indzhim d m. Arabic 1 thickening, congealing, freezing
b to die 4 infection infection 5 freezing-point 2 hardening, thickening, callosity
transference (e.g., of energy at a distance) a to congeal, freeze b to harden 3 figurative state
intilavl denominative [past: ] 1 transfer; of being phlegmatic; apathy
transport 2 assignation (e.g., of property rights) 1 andzhumn m. 1 society, organization; meeting
intil 1 portable, transportable 2 transitional (e.g., of The Afghan Boy Scout Organization 2 commission;
period) 3 progressive (of a movement) committee preparatory committee; committee for
inti m m. Arabic 1 vengeance, retribution legislative proposals 3 literary society
to avenge someone 2 repression 2
andzhumn m. Andzhuman (valley, district in
antvrp m. Antwerp (city) Badakhshan) Andzhuman Pass
entomolozh f. entomology indzhn m. [plural: indzhinna plural:
intih Arabic 1 f. end, edge; terminal point 2 attributive indzhin n] 1 motor; engine internal combustion
extreme, last, maximum to the utmost degree, engine 2 locomotive railroad engine
to the extreme degree indzhinkhn f. 1 railroad depot 2 machine room,
intihpasnd m. extremist engine room
intih 1 final, extreme, last, maximum the indzhinr m. engineer mining engineer
ultimate speed, maximum velocity limit 2 senior, indzhinir 1 attributive engineering 2 technology;
older subject matter of engineering
entebb f. Entebbe (city) andzhor f. kind of vegetable
antitz antitz antithesis ndzha f.
antisjklon m. anticyclone andzhr m. medicine scrofula
antiserm m. anti-diphtherial serum 1 indzhl m. gospel
antk antique, ancient antiquities 2 indzhl m. Indzhil, Injil (district)
antik f. rarity, rare thing, rare object inch m. inch
antl the Antilles (Islands) inch rdzh m. regional manager; administrator, head, chief
antn m. antenna loop antenna inch f. distance equal to an inch
directional antenna indzr m. singular & plural fig fig, fig tree
inrni m. inrne intranet andzkj f. moan (of a sick person)
53
andzr m. 1 drawing, design to necessary excessively great to the

draw; cover with drawings 2 style extent possible excessive !
andzr khal wzla f. imaging device What good is this! to a certain extent
andzorshna f. drawing to the extent possible
compound verb a to measure something to
andzorgr m. artist; graphic artist
measure a distance b to weigh, evalute
andzoravl denominative [past: ] Eastern to
draw; cover with drawings
to undertake a task which is beyond one's strength or
capabilities to try to the extent of one's
andzorz drawn; covered with drawings, covered with
capabilities to overload, load down
designs; pictorial hieroglyphic letter, hieroglyphic
excessively compound verb a to be measured, to
document
come to b to be weighed, be evaluated 2 norm
andzrz dzh l m. computer science video network
ration scale 3 total (e.g., of a debt) 4 inner sole
indzr m. andzagir f. measuring, measurement
intsj f. woolen thread woolen thread measuring instruments
inhir f m. Arabic 1 deviation, digression to andz combining form throwing
diverge, digress 2 politics deviation 3 technology deviation; encroachment on someone's rights
derivation and m m. 1 body; frame, figure 2 extremity
inhirf 1 m. deviationist 2 evasive, deviational extremities, arms and legs
inhis r m. Arabic 1 monopoly andm n m. the Andaman Sea
foreign trade monopoly 2 siege 3 quota for a certain person; andmavr tall, big
reserving (credits, etc.) for an individual andkhj m. Andkhoj (city, district)
inhisr t m. plural 1 from 2 administration of
andar b m. 1 Andarab (district in Badakhshan) 2
state monopolies Andarab (embankment in Kabul)
inhisravl denominative [past: ] 1 to indir dzh m. Arabic 1 item, entry (e.g., in a periodical) 2
monopolize 2 to reserve something for someone an entry on a list
inhisr monopolistic monopolistically, andarpj f. staircase
on a monopolistic basis andrk f. andrkj f. short coat, short jacket
inhisredl 1 denominative [past: ] .1 to be andr-i-mi' d regional timely, on time
monopolized; be the object of a monopoly 1.2 to be reserved 1 and 1 m. plural the Andary (Gilzaj tribe) 2 m. Andar
for someone 2 m. plural .1 monopoly a tribesman 3 m. plural the Andar District
monopoly in fruits 2.2 reserving 2 and m. yellow-colored songbird
inhit t m. Arabic 1 lowering, fall 2 decline, depression indikj m. dialect
3 disintegration; breakdown, ruin
andor f. Andorra Andorra (city)
inhil l m. Arabic 1 liquidation, annulment 2 dismissal nds m. the Indus River
(e.g., of parliament) 3 economics decline, depression 4 endok rd m. anatomy endocardium
decline of forces, weakening 5 disintegration, decomposition andom n m.
1 and m. 1 thought, reflection 2 worry, alarm; anxiety, cares indonezij f. Indonesia
2 and m. 500-year time period indonezijj 1 Indonesian 2 Indonesian (person)
and kht m. shooting; firing firing from 1 nda f. nda f. thought, consideration
concealment artillery salute 2 ind m. 2
firing range 3 nda f. full gulp to gulp; gulp down (liquid)
andkht attributive military fire-; firing- andr m. 1 pitch darkness 2 misfortune
and z combining form 1 throwing, casting casting anderj f. crowd
anchor mortar 2 m. .1 style of expression, manner of nds m. plural the Andes
expression 2.2 regional pose andesh f.
andz f. 1 measure; dimensions andehhmn troubled, perturbed
to a considerable extent; on a large scale to what andehn f. 1 concern; anxiety; thought to be
extent? to what degree? to such an concerned about someone, be anxious about someone
extent some quantity to the extent to be extremely worried, be alarmed,
54
be very concerned to experience worry, to be ins n m. Arabic man primitive man

worried, to have apprehensions 2 foresight proverb Man is harder than stone, yet
indiktr m. more tender than a blossom.
anra f. anatomy large intestine insn ni plural from
an m. unripe boll of the cotton plant insnparst m.
anohar m. 1 2 figurative crowd, assemblage insnparast f.
1 anl m. metal mortar insnpezhandna f. anthropology
2 anvl m. 1 steadiness, equilibrium, balance 2 equal anthropologist
a to balance; equalize (in weight) b to compare insndst m. humanist
to measure oneself against someone 3 insndost f. humanism, philanthropy, love of
equivalent; equal amount mankind
anol 1.1 stable, brought into equilibrium 1.2 swinging, insnshins f. knowledge of people; life experience
rocking to and fro 1.3 equivalent, of equal worth 2 f. ins na feminine of
equivalence; equal in meaning insn 1 human (race, shape, form, likeness) 2 living,
inoneshj f. human manpower to
1 anj m. 1 bale, load to load up, load with 2 sustain manpower idiom the humanities
side insnijt m. Arabic 1 humaneness, humanity 2 mankind
2 anj f. soup inspetr m. regional 1 inspector 2 chief
anerj m. mat officer-in-charge of a police station
aniz m. plural instit m. & f. institt m. insiu m.
indikr m. log of incoming and outgoing papers; record institute
log a logbook for incoming and outgoing insidzh m m. Arabic 1 order, state of order 2
documents smoothness
andj-kunj f. entertainment; treating of guest to insid d m. Arabic 1 obstruction; blockage 2 medicine
refreshments embolism, thrombosis 3 figurative restraint
aniv l m. anevl 1 companion, friend; comrade 2 table ansiklopedij f. encyclopedia
companion 3 traveling companion; fellow traveler 4 insuler m. technology insulator
accomplice insule technology insulating insulating
aniv la anev la feminine of wire
andivl f. andevl 1 companionship; friendship, insij m. Arabic obedience
comradeship to take up with someone; insh f. Arabic 1 compilation, spelling; composition 2
enter into a friendship with someone 2 sharing food with; structure, construction 3 correspondence 4 style
dining together with (noun indicating a habitual or frequent handbook of style compound verb a to draw up, write;
condition) 3 figurative common dish compose b to structure, construct
inardzh f. enerzh f. energy inshi' b m. Arabic 1 branching off; ramification 2
inzidzh r m. Arabic aversion, disgust with branch
aversion ans b m. Arabic plural from
anzkj m. bright child ansr m. singular & plural the Ansari (an ethnic group
inziv f. Arabic 1 solitude, seclusion, retirement 2 isolation of sheiks among the Afghans and Pushtuns among whom are
isolationism found descendants of the original associates of Mohammed in
inzivpasnd m. politics isolationist Medina)
inzivpasand f. 1 politics isolationism 2 isolation a to be just to someone
ins f m. Arabic justice
anzr m. b figurative to give that which is due ...
inzheksjn m. justly speaking , justice requires that
uns m. Arabic 1 attachment, affection; sympathy; friendship This accusation is unjust. Judge for
2 sociability yourself. You are unjust. ...
ans b m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 familial relations I have justly judged that
3 pedigree, genealogy ins fn Arabic justly, in justice, in conscience
ans dzh m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 anatomy tissues
55
insfpasnd ins f khahavnkaj infil m. Arabic idiom

insfd r insfnav z just Patience is exhausted.
insfnvaz f. justice explosive
infita Arabic explosive
inzib t m. Arabic order, discipline substances demolition bomb time-delay
inzibt disciplinary fuse pyrotechnics
disciplinary punishment inib z m. Arabic 1 curtailment; decrease in scope,
intib ' f. Arabic imprint, impression pressure, compression or volume; crumpling, puckering 2
intib' t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 publication, medicine constipation 3 physiology systole 4 figurative
printed work 3 publishing house depression, despondency
publishing department, publications department anar f. Ankara (city)
intib' polygraphic inis m m. Arabic 1 division to divide;
intib m. Arabic 1 reference, allusion 2 adaptation, fractionate; dismember 2 biology division (of a cell); fission
adjustment to adapt, adjust iniz f. Arabic end, expiration (of a term, deadline)
in' m m. Arabic 1 favor, grace 2 reward, recompense init' f. Arabic 1 interruption; discontinuance
monetary reward, recompense to give to interrupt, discontinue 2 break, disruption
recompense, reward with minimal disruption
in'm land which has been deeded over or inil b m. Arabic 1 revolution social
settled upon someone revolution the Industrial Revolution
in'id m m. Arabic disappearance; absence; nonexistence the Agrarian Revolution 2 overthrow, coup 3
a disappearing b on the wane (of the moon) wrongness, falseness, variability idiom astronomy
in'i d m. Arabic convocation; opening solstice
opening of a conference to take place (e.g., a inilb Arabic 1 revolutionary revolutionary
conference) poet 2 m. [plural: inilbij n Arabic plural:
in'ik s m. Arabic 1 reflection; reflex to inilbijn] revolutionary
reflect 2 response literal a to be reflected b inij d m. Arabic obedience, submissiveness
to receive responses to be subordinate; be obedient, be submissive to someone
inf z m. Arabic realization, bringing into existence, ink r m. Arabic negation, nonrecognition; repudiation
execution, fulfillment of something to deny, not recognize, repudiate someone
infidzh r m. Arabic explosion; burst (i.e., of a shell) Eastern He refused to leave.
to explode; burst I cannot deny this.
infidzhr exploding; bursting; demolition inkr refusing, declining to refuse, decline
infir dn Arabic individually; personally inkis r m. Arabic 1 breakage; fracture 2 physics
infird Arabic 1 individual, personal refraction 3 figurative regret; repentance
individuality 2 regional separate; one-man; solitary inkish f m. Arabic 1 development; growth; upsurge;
solitary confinement progress economic and cultural
infirdijt m. Arabic individuality development compound verb to develop
anfs m. Arabic subject to be developed, grow; progress 2 discovery; research
anfus Arabic subjective inkishf 1 plan of development 2
infis l m. Arabic 1 separation 2 solution of a problem attributive research
to solve a problem 1 anka f. children's speech granny, grandmother
infi' l m. 1 shame; embarassment, confusion 2 grief, 2 nki 1 even 2 inasmuch as
vexation depression, depressed state 3 inkj m. 1 weeping of a bride (at the time of the plaiting of
experience emotional experiences 4 reaction, the braids) 2 weeping
response weak reaction ang m. 1 spirit of contradiction 2 sense, meaning
infi'l 1 depressed, despondent ing m. weeping of a newborn
depression, despondency 2 vexatious, painful; unpleasant, ang r 1 m. hot coals; hot ashes to cause coals to
irritating heat up; cause coals to flame up to flame of (of
infik k m. Arabic tearing, rending coals) 2 burning; sparking; sparkling idiom a
enflsijn m. economic inflation to worry b to sit on coals; be troubled
56
angr f. the Angara River 1

angr m. plural grapes vineyard
angrl transitive dialect grapevine proverb The jackal eats the best
angr f. stubble grapes.
1 angrj m. poor man who gathers wheat, etc. which has 2
angr m. agreement, adjustment, putting into order
fallen in the field after the harvest; gleaner 3
ngr f. [plural: ngnde] Eastern daughter-in-
angr plural from
2
law
3 angrj f. disease of camels angurtra f. black solanum
4 angrj feminine of 1 angur 1 attributive grape vineyard 2 m.
angz f. 1 rumor, common talk vineyard tax
However, this rumor has not been confirmed. angaj m. small pomegranate, miniature pomegranate
to spread a rumor, disseminate a rumor anguz f.
There are rumors to the effect that 2 echo to ring 1 angol f. 1 howl, howling (of a dog, jackal) to
out, resound (e.g., a song) howl, begin to howl (of a dog, jackal) 2 moaning, weeping
ang f m. chink, slit (in stonework, masonry) 2 angl f. Angola
angfkr f. patching chinks in stonework with lime angoll [past: ] to howl, begin to howl (of a
mortar dog, jackal)
angabn m. plural honey ing f.
angach f. intention ngah r m. Eastern groans
1 angr m. 1 angj m. cheek
2 angr m. 2 angj m. Eastern sneezing; sneeze
angarkj m. fire, campfire or bonfire which has been lit by 3 ingj leapfrog
children 4 ingj f. echo
angr-mangr angr-mangr to make angij f.
excuses for; shirk, elude angej f. brazier; hearth
angruz f. 1 angerl transitive [past: ] 1 think, suppose,
angurj f. assume 2 to imagine, fancy 3 to weigh, consider, reason
angrz angrz 1 m. Englishman 2 English through, assess 4 to calculate (e.g., losses)
angrez angriz 1 English regional the angerna f. 1 assumption 2 imagination, imagining,
English government 2 f. the English language notion 3 assessment, consideration 4 calculation (e.g., of
He knows the English language. I do not losses)
know the English language. angz combining form exciting, evoking
ang m. 1 fence 2 yard, court worrying, alarming
angsht m. finger ngnde plural Eastern from 3
angushtn f. 1 ring; seal-ring 2 thimble annd joy; delight; enjoyment
angushtzan f. interference, meddling 1 anng m. 1 pomegranate 2 cheek
angushtnum well-known 2 anng m. anng distance between the little finger and the
angl m. 1 confused affair; involved quarrel; slanderous thumb; span
affair 2 noise; confusion annguaj m. pomegranate
ingls m. regional history pension anangj m. cheek
inglishkhr m. regional history 1 person receiving a anann s m. pineapple
pension 2 one receiving a miserable pittance anv r m. Arabic plural from 1
inglist n m. England anv ' m. Arabic plural f. plural 1 from 2 biology
anglosksn 1 attributive Anglo-Saxon 2 m. species interspecific
Anglo-Saxon the Anglo-Saxons intraspecific
anglz m. ingls angls m. 1 Englishman 2 and m. physics anode
England anvr Arabic 1.1 brightest, most brilliant 1.2 most radiant,
inglis 1 English the English Channel 2 f. most shining 2 proper name Anwar, Enver
the English language anavl [past: ] to compel someone, quiet down,
ng m. pacify
57
anonm m. anonymous work; anonymous letter; anonymous 1

v ra 1.1 homeless, wandering 1.2 dissolute 2 m.
writer wanderer, vagrant
invjs m. invoice 2 av ra f. plain
1 n f. saddlebow, pommel vragrd m. wanderer, vagrant
2 n f. anna (Indian coin) stamp having a 1 anna vredl intransitive
value v z m. 1 voice, sound supersonic
3
n adjectival and adverbial suffix; indeclinable a loudly to lower the voice to
courageous, brave b bravely, courageously raise the voice, to intensify the sound; make louder
inh k m. Arabic exhaustion, depletion, attrition to cry out to someone to call someone ...
n-bahn f. trick, guile, evasion a to He whispered to me that ! Call him.
trick; elude b to make excuses to answer someone to
inhid m m. Arabic destruction, annihilation resound I became hoarse from
anan s m. shouting. Ahmed has matured; his voice
1 n Arabic 1 sudden, surprise a surprise fire b has deepened. proverb A pleasant voice is a
volley 2 momentary, instant pleasure. 2 rumor, talk, talking idiom He
2
n plural from 1, 2 was sentenced to death.
3
anj f. grandmother, grandma, granny vzkh n m. singer
4
ni f. ne suffix plural Eastern girls vzd r v z larnkaj 1 ringing; sounding;
carriages sound sound film 2 linguistics vowel
anjb m. Arabic plural from 1 vowel sound
an-bn f. plural regional tricks, evasions vz f.
anz combining form regional consisting of so many annas avst m. Arabic plural from
8 anna coin avmr m. plural from 2
ans m. Arabic 1 friend 2 comrade in arms av n m. Arabic plural period, time
aniln m. chemistry aniline v ns m. advance; payment on account
aagndzh m. ball game vns attributive advance an advance
al transitive [past: ] to pound; grind into powder; av m. plural the Avans (people of northwest India)
crush; smash to pieces; grind up avl m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 the first days of the
aavl transitive [past: ] 1 to gather, gather in (a month; the first days of the week
harvest) 2 to pick (flowers, berries) 3 to choose, select At the beginning of next week.
1
au av conjunction 1 copulative and Adam and 1 ub m. whim, caprice
Durkhani The boy came up and stood 2 ob m. Ob River

there. 2 adversative conjunction but avb z m.
Ahmed went to school, but Makhmud stayed home. avbz f.
but if or else avb sh 1 riffraff, rabble 2 tramp; vagrant
2 o 1 hey, oh ! Mamma!, Mommy! ! Hey avbsh f. libertinism, debauchery
Ahmed! 2 particle regional yes aub l ub l m. Arabic delinquency; sin, fault to
3
av 1 go on (or similar cry by which one drives a cow) 2 m. perpetrate a misdemeanor; to transgress, commit an offense
children's speech cow He committed an offense.
4 ou m. howl (of a wolf, jackal) to howl, begin to howl ublgr aublgr m. sinner
5 u Eastern indicator of the perfective aspect instead of ubtl m. obtl [plural: ubtal n] ubtala f.
avkhr m. Arabic plural from 2 for submarine
the last time ubdzhn
1 v r v r obch m. warrior
2 v r m. regional ore; stolen goods obl transitive [present: past: ] 1 1
vrag f. 1 wandering, vagabondage, travelling 2 loom 2 to knit (e.g., a scarf)
dissipation obdna f. 1 weaving 2 knitting
vravl transitive ubb m.
ubrj f. green algae
58
ubza f. moth (clothes) drink b to supply with water c to irrigate, flush d to temper
obzhn (metal) literal to take off one's shoes
ubspj m. otter without going into the water figurative to be in a hurry, act
obhht m. juniper rashly He lost all shame and conscience.
obln ubln 1 watery; liquid 2 juicy, fresh I was stupified.
oblntb m. 1 wateriness 2 juiciness; freshness proverb A drowning man will grasp even at a straw.
oblhaj m. tank (water) proverb Still waters run deep.
ubnj 1 watery; water 2 blue proverb literal Water grows turbid from its source.
uba f. anatomy placenta, afterbirth figurative A fish rots from its head. regional ocean
ubodz la f. botany river sponge, freshwater sponge to be sentenced to exile for life
ubkhta f. juniper 2 ob f. ob Obe (city, district)
obs m. howitzer obtal f. water level; level
ubsa f. 1 swampy place, bog; marsh; moist ground, ubkhr 1 subject to irrigation, requiring irrigation 2 m.
swampy ground 2 irrigated land .1 drinking bowl, fountain 2.2 figurative sources 2.3
obavl 1 denominative [past: ] to irrigate; flush regional irrigation; flushing to irrigate; flush 2.4
to irrigate the land with the help of kiarizes regional watering place
(i.e., underground irrigation canals) passive to be obrngaj light blue corundum; blue
irrigated 2 m. plural irrigation, flushing carbuncle
ubumr f. insect of the cricket family oblagavl m. plural irrigation; flushing
obavna f. irrigation; flushing obv raj m. obvarj m. regional street
1 ob f. ub plural 1 water boiling water cleaner (with water)
ground water saltwater warm water 1 bi f. the Ob (river)
hot water turbid water freshwater 2 ob present tense from
chemistry heavy water obedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be irrigated; be
pure water, clear water running water flushed 2 to absorb, take in 3 to drink, quench thirst (of
boiling water cold water, very cold water animals)
rainwater well water drinking vp sh m. worker engaged in watering (streets, flowers,
water melt water etc.)
on the shore of a stream or river flood, abundance vpsh f. flushing, watering street-
of water to conduct water, irrigation ditch watering truck to flush, water
to sprinkle water on one another, lap upr
to draw water from a well upi-pupi f. plural conversation about widely
to launch into the water (e.g., a boat) to scald divergent matters
oneself ! Bring water! The water was oper f. opera
rising. Many districts suffered avt d m. Arabic plural [singular: ]important people,
from floods. 2 liquid saliva big wheels
the saliva flows 3 juice (of meat, fruits) fruit juice 4 avt r m. Arabic plural from 3
temper (of metal) 5 veterinary (bone) spavin 6 figurative avtr 1 frightened 2 alarmed; downcast; distressed
honor, dignity a to stir up the water b to evade, avoid
something c to drag the business out to disgrace otr m. halt, stopping place
someone He disgraced himself. avtr-avtr scared, frightened frightened
I am ashamed. This appearance to look upon with fright
matter cannot be put to rights. to be careful utrj f. regional descent (from a mountain)
with someone f. compound verb a to irrigate, flush b avtartb m. avtarv laj m. 1 perturbation, panic
to melt, melt down c to dissolve d to sell, market 2 pain, distress
compound verb a to be irrigated, be flushed b to be melted, be avtaravl transitive [past: ] 1 to frighten 2 to
melted down c to thaw d to be turned into water (of steam) e alarm; distress, grieve
to grow thin You have grown very thin. avtar f.
to be ashamed a to give water, give to
59
avtaredl transitive [past: ] 1 to be frightened 2 to uchatd m. plural 1 raising (e.g., the flag) 2 rise,
be alarmed; be perturbed increase 3 intensification (e.g., of a noise) 4 rising, ascension
1
ut m. flatiron electric iron to press, 5 ascent sunrise 6 origin, emergence, appearance,
iron conception
2 vato vato past perfective Eastern from uchkaskr regional completely dry
avtobs m. bus 1 uchakj f. islet
technology autogenous autogenous 2 uchakj emaciated; lean
welding uchlaj m. Eastern forehead, brow
otomtk otomtik automatic 1 uchnaj m. six-month-old lamb
avtomobl m. automobile the 2 uchne f. young ewe (which has not yet lambed)
automobile industry 1 uch f.
avtomobilsz f. automobile manufacture 2 cha f. singular dialect from
automobile plant che-pche f. plural Eastern nonsense, drivel
avt ! May you know no rest! avts r apparent, evident; well-known
te-bte f. plural Eastern 1 2 delirium avtsravl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
the disconnected speech of an insane person, reveal, explain; make manifest, make evident
the delirium of a madman
avtsredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
ov f. Ottawa (city) come to light, turn out, be manifest, be apparent
akrop m. geology exposure of a stratum or deposit at avtskk m. botany fumitory, fumaria (annual herb
the surface whose dried leaves are used in the preparation of tonics and
uopj f. Utopia alteratives)
uopjj Utopian ukh interjection oy, oh
audzh m. Arabic 1 zenith; apogee 2 military leader of the okhtsk m. the Sea of Okhotsk
vanguard point of the vanguard; lead patrol of the kha f. Eastern 2
vanguard 3 aviation ceiling 1 vkhaj m. dialect 1
udzh idiom Damn you! 2 ukhj f. children's speech boogeyman, bugbear
udzhaavl transitive 3 khe plural from
udzh f. destruction, devastation vkhez high-water, flooding
udzhrj m. regional organ meats, entrails 1 od m. plaiting (of mats, etc.)
avdzhshi f. plural 2 aud m. reservoir, pond
1 dzha f. regional leech avd l m. saint; religious anchorite or hermit
2 dzha f. avdl m. plural
udzhj f. children's speech insect (small) avd n m.
uch Eastern udkhl 1 m. plural the Udkhejli (a sub-tribe of the Gilzai)
ucht 1 high to stand, jump up to 2 m. Udkhejl (tribesman) 3 Udkhejl' (name of various
rise; lift 2 loud (of the voice) 3 steep (of a road) 4 regional settlements)
afore-cited idiom to puff (quietly) odr m. the Oder (river)
uchattb m. uchattj f. uchatv laj m. 1 height 2 rise, udravl transitive Eastern
increase 3 loudness (of a noise) 4 steepness (of a road) udredl intransitive Eastern
uchatavl denominative, intransitive 1 [past: ] vds m. avds m. ablution, washing (body)
1 lift; raise 2 to raise, heighten 3 to make loud, intensify (e.g., to effect ablution, wash the body idiom to
a sound) 4 to emphasize; accent something 5 regional to clear urinate, answer the call of nature
away plates and dishes 6 to cause, occasion (harm, injury, etc.) avdasm t m. transitive to go to take
uchatj f. care of nature's call
uchatedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to avdasmtj f. evacuation (of the bowels), defecation
rise, rise above, heave up 2 to ascend 3 to be loud, be 1 odl udl 1 transitive [present: present: past:
intensified (e.g., a sound) 4 to rise up, get up ] .1 to weave 1.2 to twist, twine 1.3 to plait (braids)
I got up to leave. 5 to rise, ascend (of celestial objects) 6 passive a to be woven b to be twisted, be twined 2
regional to come into existence, appear, be born m. plural
60
2 avdl m. proper name Avdal avr m. Arabic 1 from 2 archive; office; registry
odna f. 1 weaving 2 twisting, twining 3 plaiting (braids) (office) chief of the archives
1 odnkaj m. weaver ur l m. the Urals the Ural River the
2 odnke f. weaver (female) Urals, the Ural Mountains
1 ud f. 1 conspiracy, charm, exorcism 2 witchcraft urnijm m. chemistry uranium
2 ud Eastern one who has fallen into a ororkaj m. glowworm, firefly
deep sleep orbatsraj m. 1 spark 2 hot-tempered person
3 ud f. singular from 2 orbsha f.
1 ud plural from 1 orbshi f. plural barley beer
2 ud present tense from 1 orbshn attributive barely barley bread
odes f. Odessa (city) 1 orbl Fire! (as a command)
odl transitive [past: ] to arrange, put right, adjust 2 orbl m. 1 lock, curl; bang, forelock 2 personal name
ovnaj m. small chador, small veil (for women, children) Orbal
or m. ur 1 fire; conflagration volcano orbalk m. 1 fire lighter 2 furnace man 3 steel (formerly
the fire suddenly blazed up 2 gunfire, used in lighting a fire) 4 syphilis
fire, firing line of fire a hurricane of fire orbalavnkaj incendiary incendiary bomb
to set something on fire a to catch orband f. cessation of fire, end of firing
fire, ignite b figurative to hurry, hasten c figurative to anger orbz m. muzzle, snout, (ugly) face idiom
suddenly, flare up a to set afire, start a fire b to open a to hang around someone What are you in a
strong fire to open up a strong fire on the enemy huff about? ! Be off! Get away!
c figurative to drive out of one's wits to open fire, fire orbsha f. Eastern In a month
a to set fire to b to spread discord c to evoke will be the barley harvest.
discontent d to spoil to orb f. heating chamber for a bath
extinguish a fire a to light a fire orbej f. steamboat
b to cause a fire, set a fire to fan the fire of war, orp laj m. fire worshipper
unleash war c figurative to enrapture the orpht m. [plural: orphtna plural:
house caught fire Fires broke out in several orpht n] nocturnal moth
places. proverb Whenever fire ortn m. temple of fire worshippers
breaks out there's no water to be found. a to 1 avrta f. 1 woman 2 wife
hurry, hasten b figurative to be stingy, be greedy 2 art f. anatomy aorta
to arrange one's affairs by oneself (without outside help) ork m. flint (of a flintlock rifle)
a to roast on a spit b figurative to torture, torment c urd m. & f.
figurative to worry a to be roasted on a spit b to urg m. plural 1 colostrum, beestings 2 milk of a cow
be tortured, be tormented c not to sit quietly, squirm which has just calved with spice added
a to subject to fire b figurative to torment, torture urs m. obsolete
to burn down to set on fire a to 1 urus obsolete
throw into the fire b figurative to torture, torment 2 urs f. window with frame which can be raised
to squander money, throw money to the wind a ursh f.
to hold to the fire b figurative to oppress orshnd ghar m. volcano
proverb It's all one to the fire, whether it's yours or another's orht m. orhta f. fall of showers, rain
literal Fire is incompatible with water. A heavy rain fell.
figurative These are incompatible things. orhtj f. 2
vr combining form bringing, possessing ludicrous, orgh laj m. 1 fireplace, hearth 2 heating box, chamber 3
laughable blast furnace
orakhist m. plural 1 fire, conflagration; burning; or ghurdzavnkaj volcano
ignition 2 figurative hurry, haste urvaj m. palm (of the hand)
avr d m. Arabic plural from urj f. soot
orr m. 1 1 orkzi m. plural the Orakzai (tribe) 2 orkzj m.
Orakzai (tribesman)
61
avark m. regional overcoat, greatcoat 1 ovr m. singluar & plural 1 cloudlet

orakj m. glowworm, firefly The sun is hidden behind the clouds 2 cataract
org a f. org aj m. org raj m. 1 train; 2 av ra imperative, imperfect from 2
rolling stock electric train, electric railway 2 1 ri ur present tense of 1
railroad org di railroad 2 vri present tense of 2
org di railroad station 3 aorj m.
org n m. press organ judicial 4 orj m. Eastern lamb
organ 5 orj f. 1 gum (mouth) 2 anatomy root bed of the nail
orgaj m. troublemaker idiom We (you, they) are inseparably
orlarnkaj fire (i.e., firearms) firearm linked with one another.
orlalaj troubled (e.g., times) 6 vrj Eastern second person plural of 2
orlanaj m. poker idiom troublemaker, orj f. rain
instigator, ringleader urijakhl 1 m. plural the Uriyakhejli (a subdivision of
orlagav unkaj incendiary incendiary the Gilzai) 2 m. Uriyakhejl (tribesman)
bomb orjmch m. rain gauge
orlagt m. urlagt singular & plural matches ri-pri to pass through
match factory box of matches orjdz f. urdz [plural: urjdzi] cloud; storm cloud
a match threatening storm-cloud grey cloud
orlagitvl m. singular & plural seller of matches cloud of dust It's very cloudy today.
orlagd m. Today it's overcast.
orlagedna f. 1 fire, conflagration 2 flash, outbreak 1 oredl intransitive [present: present: past:
orlbi f. plural fireworks ]1 to pour (of rain), come down (of rain, snow)
1 orm m. person in whose home there is a deceased It's raining. When it rains the
member poor peasants rejoice (in hopes of of a good harvest) 2 to strike
2 om m. the Ormur, the Baraki (nationality) (of lightning)
ormagk m. salamander avredl avredl Eastern transitive [present:
2
urml m. Eastern fig tree past: past: ] 1 to hear 2 to listen

ormeg m. neck passive to resound (e.g., of sound)
orang-ut n m. orangutan 1 ored m. plural falling of showers
ornsaj m. coal tongs formation of dew
oranj attributive fire volcano avred m. plural
2
crater Eastern It's one thing to hear , another to see.

oraj m. swaddling clothes orai 1 orz firey, pertaining to fire
proverb A brave son is discerned while still in swaddling 2 awrz m. awriza ghagz audio
clothes
3 urz f. dialect
orvl m. furnace man; stoker orgi present of 1
urup f. orinok f. the Orinoco River
orrkaj m. glowworm, firefly orjj f. dialect gum (of the mouth)
or vazhnkaj attributive fire av present stem of
firefighting company fire engine
uade Eastern
1 oravl transitive [past: ] 1 to throw, throw ud m. Eastern
down 2 to strew 3 to cause (rain) This storm
ud f. regional uniform; tunic
cloud will bring rain.
ul transitive dialect
avravl transitive [past: ] 1 to announce
2
1 vm Eastern
something, proclaim something; state something, express
2 m Eastern last year
something; read out something . I want to
uumbj dialect
say here that 2 to compel to listen 3 to issue (an order)
1 oanj m. small veil (worn by Moslem women)
idiom proverb He spoke but
2 onj attributive summery, summer
a word to me, I spoke a hundred to him; I am not in his debt.
62
uobj m. 1 mash (watery or semiliquid food) 2 syrup (in ugd 1 lengthy, long The road is not all that
jam) long. 2 protracted, prolonged to accomplish a
ukaj dialect 1 protracted journey
oavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to ugdbritaj
mustachioed, mustached
grind, mill 2 to pulverize, break in pieces; grind to powder ugdvg
aj
1 lop-eared, having lop-ears 2 m. abusive
o m. u plural 1 flour coarse-
1
dolt, lop-eared fool, ass
grained flour, coarse flour flour-milling ugdv
laj m. 1 length ugv
li
machine; milling equipment The dough has along the western shore 2 prolongation, extension (e.g., of a
turned sour. treaty); dragging out (e.g., of talks) idiom
proverb They don't even have flour in the house, but still they're To wish someone a long life.
installing a stove. 2 powder
compound verb ugdav
l denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a to pound, abrade, grind b to boil until soft lengthen 2 to extend; prolong (as in to extend a treaty); drag out
compound verb 1 a to be (talks) 3 to lead, conduct, lay 4 to extend, stretch out, pull out
crushed, be pounded, be transformed into powder b to be boiled a to
soft c to have learned by rote I stretch out the hand b to encroach upon
learned the lesson by heart. a to grind, mill They encroached upon our country.
finely b to hem and haw idiom saying Cut one's coat according to the cloth. idiom
We're even. What is there to thank me for? to grow a beard
2 va f. instrument, device, tool 1 ugd f. singular from
okhartsavnkaj m. ovl m. flour ugd
2
m. plural from
merchant, flour dealer 3 ugd m. plural length along the
1
aj m. 1 summer i summer place, vacation border
place 2 summer harvest ugd
megj na f. cayenne pepper
2 vi present tense of ugded
l denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
3 vi plural from 2 lengthened 2 to be continued, be prolonged; be extended (e.g.,
1 oedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be ground, be a treaty); be dragged out (of a talk, etc.) 3 to be conducted, be
milled 2 to be pulverized, be broken into pieces, be ground into laid, be applied 4 to be stretched, be pulled out 5 to reach or
powder occupy some space
2
avedl intransitive It is past ugrj
m. entrails, offal
midnight. ogm m. obsolete moon
avednkaj 1 present participle of 2 2 ogm j f. ugmj moon; moonlight
changeable og f. Eastern ug shoulder
1
1
uz m. goat shoulder to shoulder; side by side with a pitcher on
2
oz 1 m. negligible quantity, insignificant sum 2 several, the shoulder to shrug the shoulders
some to shoulder a rifle Lean on me.
avz r m. Eastern weapon, arm blunt weapon He is broad-shouldered. idiom to
sharp weapon help, be a help to somebody A
avz n m. Arabic plural from good son is help to a father a to get rid of something
uzbk m. b to shun, reject, avoid something to strive, bend
uzbak 1 the back to rid oneself of something
uzg r dialect to undertake the work
uzgaj m. uzgaj m. This matter is beyond my powers.
ozn m. chemistry ozone to help someone, lend assistance to someone; support someone
uz f. she-goat to strive tenaciously to take
1 zaj m. forearm something upon oneself, undertake something
2 zi Eastern to help, give assistance, support
uzhni f. plural goat's wool someone a to bear on one's shoulders b figurative
ozhj f. oilcake to make much of to help one another,
63
support one another to live at someone's osmahlawl compound verb update, to update
expense; be a burden to someone. osn
2 ga f. garlic usang quick, fast; high-speed
ogapk military Shoulder Arms! (as a command) osanj present, contemporary, existing
ogavr
broad-shouldered osavl transitive [past: ] to settle someone,
1 ogj m. oka (a unit of weight equal to about 14 kgs.) lodge someone
2 gaj Eastern 2 1
sa
3 og j f. ug j necklace (of silver and gold coins) 2
sa imperative perfective and imperfective of
os us 1 at once, now, at the present time a just Rejoice! ! ! Be forever vigilant!
now, now; not long ago b recently, lately now, just 1 osj m. male gazelle, Gasella subgutterosa
now just now They just now left. 2 si present tense of
up to now, until this time, so far better 3 se second person singular present tense of !
than before just now a just now b hence Be healthy! ! Be healthy! ! Live
forward, in the future right now, at the present time long! ! ! I wish you success!
just now still 4 osj f. female gazelle, Gasella subgutterosa
Get on with the matter immediately. 2 attributive at the 5 sj second person plural present tense of !
present time May reknown come to you! ! I wish you long
os life!
avs r m. bridle assembly (of a harness) osechj m. knucklebone (piece in a game, the bone of an
avsravl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 antelope)
to bridle 2 to subjugate; subordinate osed intransitive [present: past: present:
osk f. Osaka (city) ]to live, reside; abide; settle, take up one's residence; be,
avs n m. 1 feeling 2 presence of mind, self-control, be located He has lived in
bravery idiom reckless Kabul all of his life. idiom He
ospntgaj m. file should know that proverb You
uspntkaj m. roofing iron learn from your companions.
ospnkhaj m. slag; cinder
osedna f. osed m. plural life; residence,
uspnkh m. magnet domicile; sojourn place of residence; residence
uspnmzaj m. iron wire osednkaj 1 present participle from 2 m.
spna f. uspna iron iron ore resident
sheet iron obsolete pig-iron (low quality) avseldzhn 1 sighing 2 m. a whiner
high-quality iron avsell transitive [past: ] 1 to sigh 2 to grieve,
proverb strike while the iron is hot railroad be distressed 3 to whine, complain in a tiresome way
saying It's a very difficult matter. avselna f. 1 deep breathing, sigh 2 grieving 3 whining
ospnz adjective iron avselj m.
avast f. avesta osh whoa (or similar command to halt an ass)
ustrj Western 1 last; terminal; final, conclusive ush command to urge on a camel
ustr the latest news 2 m. end ushnl transitive [ past: ] to unwind;
at the end of the letter he wrote that idiom untwist; dismiss; untwine
the 6th month of the lunar year shi Eastern
avstrij f. avshn m. order
avstrij 1 uh m. camel five camels
ustak r m. saying literal Who dares seize a camel by the
ustakr f. neck? figurative Do not enter into combat with the strong.
avst Arabic 1 middle, average of Western proverb literal The
average (middling) size on the camel cries out in complaint before the load is on his back. He
average 2 intermediate is old but his former habits remain. saying
avsattalab f. moderation A sieve will not burden a camel. !
osl f. Oslo (city) saying literal Tell a camel: "Play a bit!" He'll
64
tear up a melon field. figurative Tell a fool to pray to God and refusal, repudiation of something idiom
he'll bang up his forehead. saying literal Tie with the passage of time
up a camel, and get out of the way. figurative Be careful. avuhtnkaj 1 present participle of 2 changeable
proverb literal You can't hide a camel avuht-ravuht m. plural 1 change 2
under a bridge. figurative Murder will out. wrongness, falseness
saying If you keep camels, build tall gates. uhghvajj m. [plural: uhghvji] giraffe
saying literal Observe what side uhka f. tear tear gas to
the camel kicks on. figurative Keep a sharp eye out and you'll lachrymate (of the eyes) Eastern
survive. She smiled through her tears. Tears
welled up in the eyes.
saying They asked the camel, "Why do you have a crooked uhkedzhn tearful, lachrymose
neck?" He answered, "And what do I have that is straight? uhkinj m. rancorous person
saying literal I sat upon a camel, but the uhln teary; lachrymal; full of tears (eyes)
dogs bit me. figurative I brought disgrace upon myself. uhmrgh m. 1 yellow griffon (vulture) 2 ostrich
2 uh interjection oh, ah uhmrghaj m. ushmlghj m. botany
uh ra f. zoology praying mantis haloxylon (small tree or bush native to Central Asian desert
1 ushbn plural from country)
2 uhbn plural from uhvl m. nomad who owns a camel
uhban feminine of 1 ha f. female camel
1 uhban f. camel herder (as an occupation) 2 ha f. Eastern tear to weep
2 uhban plural from bloody tears
uhbun m. uhba m. [plural: uhnan] 1
vhaj m. [plural: vhi plural: vshij n] 1
camel driver, camel herder wife's brother, brother-in-law 2 sister's husband
uhbtb m. ushbv laj m. camel driver (as 2 oh m. plural mane (of a horse)
an occupation) 3 uhi plural of 1
vuht past stem of 4 sh plural of 2
avuhtl [present: past: past: ]Eastern uhem f. female camel in heat
1 to overturn; turn; wallow (in mud) 2 to cross (a mountain); ohen eyes filled with tears
climb over (a fence); cross, get across something 3 to change, avs f m. Arabic plural of
switch; change into something; shift (to another situation) avz ' 1 m. plural of 2 f. position, situation; status
to change
the weather has shifted the internal situation the political
one's situation, undergo change The situation the situation is catastrophic
seasons of the year have come and gone. days social relationships
and nights have passed; time has gone by ot m. room; premises; chamber guardroom
His appearance has altered. 4 to abandon something; reject otr m. bivouac, halt
something; diverge from something, deviate from something av'ij m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 anatomy vessel
_ to reeducate oneself; break bad habits 5 to be inflicted blood vessels
(losses) They have inflicted heavy ughz m. [plural: ughzan] dialect walnut
losses. 6 to exceed 7 to turn (of a road) 8 to bump into, run ughm m. pride; honor to honor, do honor, render
into (someone) 9 to be translated to be translated homage
into the Pashto language 10 to flood (water) 1
av t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 times, moments,
In spring this place is flooded with water. 11 to be circumstances the usual circumstances
dislocated 12 to be circulated (capital) 2
av t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 2 produce, victuals,
saying Here is that which you have striven for. food
avuhtna f. avuht m. plural 1 turning, turn, av f m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 waqf, wakf
shift 2 wallowing (in the mud) 3 crossing (a mountain); (ecclesiastical property; an Islamic endowment of property to be
climbing over (a fence); passing over (anything) 4 shifting; held in trust and used for a charitable or religious purpose)
changing into something; a transfer over to another situation 5 the management or direction of one or more waqfs
65
ojns m. ocean okjns-i the Pacific avl d m. Arabic plural from [plural: avldna]
Ocean progency; children, descendants, offspring
ojnosij f. Oceania (island) to produce progeny
uij f. Arabic ounce avld f. 1 progeny 2 descent
uk 1 protruding 2 on end, erect, upright to be uln-ud f. Ulan-Ude (city)
placed on end, be made to stand erect uln-b tr m. Ulan-Bator (city)
ok f. the Oka (river) 1 uldzh f.
ukrn ukrjn m. the Ukraine 2 uldzh intricate, complex to tangle, embroil;
ukrin ukrinj 1 Ukrainian the complicate to be tangled, be embroiled; become
Ukrainian language 2 Ukrainian (person) complicated
ukalj f. wooden mortar uls m.
1 ka feminine singular of 1 ulsv la f.
2 auk conjunction 3 3 uls
3 ka dialect oll transitive dialect
okinv f. Okinawa (island) olimpk
avg r 1 m. sufferer 2 suffering; experiencing, going avlanj avalanj 1.1 previous, former, late 1.2 initial,
through Her parents have gone elementary, early 1.3 first, primary 1.4 ancient 2 m. avlan
through a lot on her account. plural ancestors
ugd Eastern 1 avl m. ol f. singular & plural syrup
ugrj f. Eastern 1 receipt of the cost of goods in 2 ulv m. horse (of a courier)
installment payments 2 payment, dues; share 3 ul Arabic possessing, having
to cook groats
ugr f. ogr f. groats; thin gruel ululmr m. Arabic plural commanders; chiefs; the
idiom saying One must wait leadership
proverb to blame one's failures ulula'zm Arabic resolution, resoluteness
on fate uls m.
ugj f. ulus
ug f. 1 avlvaj 1 fried, roasted, grilled 2 figurative worn out
ugnd f. ugn f. Uganda with suffering
avg m. regional steamship seagoing 2 ulav courier's; pertaining to a courier
steamship 1 ol m. [plural: olan] flock of nursing ewes all with
1 og Eastern lambs of the same age and development
2 ga f. Eastern 2 avvla feminine singular of
1 ogj m. 1 avlij m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 2 holy men 3
2 ugj f. kind of tree parents and guardians of children 4 leader, manager, person in
3 ogj f. Ogaj (city, northwest Pakistan) authority
avvl Arabic 1.1 first a first number; first place b ulj novsk m. Ulyanovsk (city)
paramount c excellent (appraisal) chairman avvalijt m. Arabic superiority; priority, advantage
He went to Kandahar at the beginning of the to have a prior right or advantage to
winter. 1.2 beginning; elementary 1.3 former 2 m. [plural: occupy first place
at the beginning of
avail] beginning oligrsh f. oligarchy
spring I had no luck from the beginning. avvaln the first, the very first
If he had done it that way 1 um om uma f. um m. plural um f.
at once, then 3.1 first, in the beginning, first off plural 1 raw, not fully cooked a bit raw 2 unripe,
Eastern He treated me well from the very green 3 unfinished, partly processed raw brick,
beginning. 3.2 in the first place 3.3 formerly, earlier 3.4 adobe raw material 4 undressed (of hide,
already He has already put the candle pelt) undressed hide raw leather 5 not
out. 3.5 before, earlier, until before leaving, well-adjusted; downcast 6 immature, inexperienced idiom
before departure to work underground (of miners)
avvln Arabic first of all; to begin with; before all else 2 uvm ovm
66
um n botany ephedra (a genus of jointed, nearly leafless avh m m. Arabic plural from
desert shrubs) avhm 1 vacillating, doubting 2 doubtful
mtkp a f. computer science datasheet ovzaj m. seven-shot rifle
mtkpe computer science ld datasheet view ovkaln seven-year Seven-Year Plan
umat f. snow mixed with rain, sleet uvakj f. uvnj f. week
umaj woven of raw silk to make raw-silk ovvradznaj weekly
thread
1 ov singular & plural 1 comb, fleshy crest (of a bird) 2
mane (of a horse)
umsvaj burnt (of food) to let food burn
to burn 2
av av irrigational; pertaining to flushing or watering
1
umghaj
umghaln semi-raw, not completely cooked 3 uj m. promise, word (of honor)
umv laj m. 1 state of being half or partly cooked 2 1 avj numeral seventy
unripeness, greeness 3 state of being unprocessed 4 state of
2 au j 1
not being in proper adjustment 5 immaturity, inexperience
vij n f.
1 um m. avdzha f. country, locality, territory
2 um m. plural 1 av m. medicine inhalation
3 um f. singular from 1 vz combining form document
4 ovma f. numeral singular from 2 avez n avez nd hanging
um-khul immature, inexperienced (of a person) avezndavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
to hang, suspend
umd m.
umedv r avezndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
to hang, be suspended
umedv ra f.
1 umedvr f. 1 uvht f. juniper
2 umedvri plural of ujn m. ojn singular & plural termite (insect)
ontrij f. Lake Ontario ji present tense of 1
auns m. ounce h 1 m. sigh heavy sighs a to
sigh b to gasp 2 interjection ah
avng m. mortar
na f. dialect ah particle 1 oh but aha 2 interjection my
1 unj m. onj idle talker, windbag My, but this is tasty!
2 uvanj f. ovanj week h r m. 1 starch to starch linen 2 textiles
to size
3 ne plural of
oneg f. Lake Onega h m. 1 intense heat, heat 2 regional hottest month of the
year
aus m.
uj m. diaper h k m.
ovark m. regional overcoat, greatcoat ahl m. Arabic plural from 1
avuhtl intransitive ihtim m m. Arabic 1 zeal, diligence 2 concern, attention
ovl transitive dialect a to try b to take care of, concern oneself about
ovvm uvvm ordinal seventh to give attention to 3 editing
uvnj f. week ihd f. Arabic 1 dedication (of a book) 2 gift, presentation
ovv uv numeral 2 astronomy asterism ihd d m. Arabic punishment to punish, chastise
consisting of seven stars history the Seven Nations
ahdf m. Arabic plural from
of the East (China, Turkestan, Hindustan, Turania, Iran, East-
ihdnm f. law settlement, deed
Rome, and Syria-Sham)
ahr m m. Arabic plural from
ovv 1 ah m.
1 ov f. 1 cut place, chipped place 2 blister; pimple
histag f. 1 slugishness 2 mildness
2 uv ov numeral seven thirty-seven seven hist 1 slow; quiet to delay, detain, stop 2
slowly, quietly
and a half
3
oh interjection oh
histag f.
hk m. plural lime
67
hak attributive lime horj m. 1 mustard hori mustard oil 2

ahl Arabic 1 m. [plural: ahl] people, population colza, cole-seed
heterodox people 2.1 predicative, attributive ah m. century; epoch
worthy 2.2 able 2.3 knowing something; trained to do hn m.
something 2.4 fit, suitable hingr m.
ahl-i-im n m. plural a believer hin f. mirror
ahl-i-hads m. plural Waqqabites, Mujtadhids (Muslim 1 aj eh interjection hey, oh ! Sonny! My Son!
sectarian religious teachers) ! Hey, Ahmed!
ahl-i-sunnt m. plural Sunnites 2 aj demonstrative pronoun dialect this, these
ahl-i-halm m. plural writers j particle really, indeed Is this really true?
ahl-i-k r m. plural office workers, employees, workers Really! What is this that they are telling me?
ahl-i-kasab m. plural craftsman Will something really happen?
ahl-u-'aj l m. plural goods and chattel, the entire j t m. Arabic plural from
household aj z m. proper name Ajaz
ahl Arabic domestic, domesticated, tame ijlt m. Arabic district; province; state
ahlijt m. Arabic 1 professional qualification, speciality 2 ijalat adjective district
ability aj m m. Arabic plural from 2
ahlijatnm f. driver's license aebr kil f. product key
ahm Arabic more important, most important ajbk m. singular & plural
the foremost and most important task ebont m. plural ebonite, ebony
ihm l m. Arabic negligence, carelessness ajt m. Arabic [plural: jt] Koranic verse
ahammijt m. Arabic significance; importance itlav 1 adjective Italian 2 m. Italian (person)
significant, important to have great
itlij f. Italy
significance to lose its significance
ajt m m. Arabic plural from
to take on significance, be important to
ajitarne m. ethernet
give great significance to give great
significance to not to attribute the slightest i'tik l m. Arabic geology washing, erosion
significance to itil f m. i'tilaf m. Arabic coalition, bloc
hn m. hn singular & plural iron i'tilf adjective coalition, coalitional
hinb b m. plural iron; article made of iron jtm m. point, item to
hn-i-chdr m. sheet iron, roofing iron introduce a specific point into the agend
hinrub f. magnet et possessive pronoun second singular Afridi familiar 1
hinkb m. hammer your 2 thy (all gender and number forms)
hng m. 1 melody, musical theme, tune 2 sounding, etso possessive pronoun plural Afridi polite your
sound to sound 3 tone, intonation idiom ilav
willy-nilly li f. ilij f. Italy
hangd r melodic, tuneful 1 tm m. atom
hingr m. hingr smith, blacksmith 2 jtm m.
proverb One is r m. Arabic 1 donation 2 generosity
hundred blows of the jeweler's hammer are equal to one of the idzh b m. Arabic [plural: idzh buna Arabic
blacksmith's. plural: idzh bat] 1 need, necessity 2 requirement
hingar f. blacksmith's work smithy, forge depending on the requirements of the

hin f. mirror moment 3 trade commission, order
hin adjective iron idiom He has idzhabvl denominative, intransitive [past: ]

1 to call for, stipulate 2 to demand, require (e.g., expenditures)
excellent self-control.
hu m. 1 antelope 2 wild goat 3 poetic gazelle idzhb Arabic required, necessary
hv z m. Ahvaz (city) idzh d m. Arabic 1 creation, foundation; organization 2
huchshm having the eyes of a gazelle invention 3 act of forming, act of organizing
ahurmazd m. Ormuzd (Zoroastrian diety) compound verb a to create, found, organize b to invent c to
68
form, design compound verb a to be avoid someone c idiom to sprinkle the head
created, be founded, be organized b to be invented c to be with ashes; grieve deeply to
formed, be designed make an error in calculation, miscalculate to
idzhdkar f. creativity, creative work embroil someone with someone else to fail to
idzh m. idzhgj m. idzhj m. 1 eunuch be awarded something, be passed over He
2 pederast grew pale.
dzhn m. 1 agent political agent 2 1 irj f. idle talk to prate, talk nonsense
representative 2 ir plural of
edzhan f. dzhens f. agency irij n m. Irian
edzhne doublet word to rijl m. antenna
edzhjn Aegean the Aegean Sea erev n m. Erevan (city)
ikhodl transitive dialect i m. obsolete fleet
ikhavl transitive [past: ] to compel a camel to i b m. kind of bitter shrub
lie down z za adjectival suffix place after vowels:
id d m. consisting of four points
idj l m. ideal izatj f. proper name Izati
idjl adjective ideal izotp m. isotope
emir l m. admiral izomr chemistry isomer
ajij f. idea eg m.
eik ng m. regional aide-de-camp igd present stem of
iz f. Arabic 1 damage, loss 2 anxiety, trouble a gdi present tense of
to inflict damage; harm b to trouble, disturb is r
1 ajr m. isrtj f. delay; stop
2 ir obtained; received isravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
3 er 1 delay, stop 2 to besiege, blockade 3 figurative to place in a
ir d m. Arabic 1 pronunciation, articulation (e.g., of difficult position 4 to limit, restrict, put restraint upon
speech); proclamation (statement, declaration, etc.) 2 mention isaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
3 production of proofs 4 objection; cavil be delayed, be detained, be stopped 2 to wait wait
It's impossible to find fault with him. here 3 to be beseiged, be blockaded 4 figurative to find
irdavl [past: ] to pronounce, articulate (e.g., oneself in a difficult situation 5 to be limited, be constrained
speech); proclaim (a statement, etc.) He made ist imperfective of
a speech. istd
ir n m. Iran istg m. & f. istg h m. [plural:
irn irnj 1 Iranian 2 m. Iranian (person) istghna f. plural: istg vi] stand, stop
irvd f. the Irawaddy River harbor
irb curved, crooked curved line istl Western 1 transitive [present: past: ]
erj m. 1 .1 to throw out, discard; chuck out 1.2 extract, take out
irktsk m. Irkustsk (city) to unsheathe a saber 1.3 to take off (a shoe,
jrlnd m. Ireland article of clothing) to take off someone's shoes
irm m. coral to undress 1.4 to rake out (e.g., ashes) 1.5 to extract,
irn ash grey obtain to mine coal, extract coal 1.6 to exclude;
iropz 1 base 2 cowardly dismiss to leave someone's name off ,
erodinmk m. aerodynamics to exclude someone from 1.7 to turn out, issue (production,
erodinmik aerodynamic money, etc.) to issue paper money to
erost t m. balloon publish a newspaper 1.8 to start, put into operation 1.9 to let
ir f. ir usually plural ash, ashes reduce to out (air from a tire, balloon) 1.10 to expell, evict; turn out;
ashes, incinerate a to be burnt up, to smoulder, be dismiss to put out of the house 1.11
reduced to ashes b figurative to burn with shame a to invent; think up, devise 1.12 to unharness
to strew with ashes b to deprive of something, figurative to ! Unharness the horse! 1.13 to show, extend something
69
(for inspection) 1.14 to tear out, pull out 1.15 to extract (e.g., ishn eshn f. 1 boiling 2 fermentation 3 figurative
a tooth) 1.16 chemistry & physiology to isolate, secrete 1.17 excitation; agitation; fit, paroxysm
to remove, get rid of, liquidate to remove, get rid ishnd 1 boiling 2 figurative aroused, excited, agitated
of, liquidate 1.18 to withdraw (e.g., troops from a country); ishavl transitive [past: ] 1 to boil 2 to bring to
evacuate 1.19 to send out, put in front (i.e., a detachment) fermentation 3 figurative to arouse, excite, agitate
1.20 to build (a road); dig (a canal) 1.21 to transfer (to another ishavlj boiled ishavli boiled milk
place) 1.22 to export 1.23 to drain (water) 1.24 to express soft-boiled egg
(i.e., gratitude) 1.25 to emit (a sound) 1.26 to come upon, get ish present of
on (the trail of) 2 m. plural eshj f. 2
silkworm breeding, sericulture ishedl eshedl intransitive [present: past:
istna f. 1 throwing away, rejection, chucking out 2 present: ]1 to boil; boil up 2 to ferment; be in a state of
extracting, taking out 3 taking off (shoes, clothing) 4 raking fermentation 3 figurative to be aroused, be excited, be agitated;
out (i.e., ashes) 5 extracting, obtaining, mining be irritated, be annoyed to flare up 4 to seethe
mining of coal 6 exclusion; elimination, leaving out 7 output, ishedlj 1 past participle of 2 boiled
issuing (production, money, etc.) 8 starting, putting into ishedli boiled water, boiling water (for tea)
operation 9 dispatch; eviction 10 banishment 11 invention; ishedna f. 1 boiling 2 fermentation 3 figurative
thinking up, conceiving 12 tearing out, extraction 13 removal, arousal, excitation; irritation
extraction (of a tooth) 14 chemistry & physiology isolation, ishikghs m. history master of ceremonies
secretion 15 elimination, removal, liquidation 16 withdrawal ehl ihl transitive dialect
(i.e., of troops) 17 forward emplacement (of a detachment) 18 ihov imperfective of
building, laying (a road); digging (a canal) 19 export 20 ihod imperfective of
draining, drainage (of water) idiom word ihodl transitive Eastern eshodl [present: Western
production past: ] 1 to put, place; stand, install; locate
eston 1 Estonian Estonian language 2 Place the chair there. to
Estonian (person) place a net on birds to put aside, move aside,
estonij f. move out of the way 2 to put in to install a
1 ist m. plural windowpane 3 to plant (i.e., trees) 4 to put aside (for a
2 sta at the side (of something) over here, on this reserve) 5 to create, develop 6 to lay or place upon someone
side a to remove; eliminate b to draw back (i.e., (i.e., responsibility) 7 to invest (capital) 8 to pay in (money) 9
curtain); clear (dishes away, etc.) c to get rid of, eliminate (a to lay, build (i.e., a road)
defect) d to satisfy (requirements, etc.) to move off, ihodna f. 1 establishment, putting, placing,
go away, withdraw the people stepped aside arrangement; location 2 planting (i.e., trees) 3 setting aside
! Be off! Get away! ! Get away from (for a reserve) 4 investment (capital) 5 laying, building (i.e., a
here! Get out of here! idiom From here on, in road)
future It's been twenty-three years 1 ihod ihod imperfective of
already 2 ihod m. plural
jslend m. Iceland ihavl ishovl transitive dialect
jslend 1 Icelandic the Icelandic ishvna f.
language 2 Icelander (person) ihaj past participle of
isnd fitting, suitable, proper is l m. 1 joining, conjunction; contiguity 2 assistance (i.e.,
esavl transitive [past: ] adorn, beautify in attaining a goal) 3 progress (in some matter)
1 se 2 jzn Arabic also, as well
2 se present of iz iz h f. Arabic m. [plural: izah t]
isedl intransitive [past: ]to seem to be, appear to explanation, elucidation, illustration to explain,
be, present itself as to be, seem to be, appear to be elucidate, illustrate
necessary to please; present a pleasing appearance itlav 1 Italian 2 m. Italian (person)
not to please; be unpleasant itlij f. Italy
ishla f. dance performed by females 1 egh pronoun Afridi 1
eshle f. pancake 2 egh protruding, sticking out
70
estrgaj 1 jolly 2 smart, quick, spritely 3 il f. liquid mud

eghngh 1 stiff with cold 2 stiff 3 figurative artificial, eledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
unnatural tamed 2 to be conquered, be subjugated, be subordinated
egh pronoun Afridi
eledna f. eledna m. plural 1 taming,
eghj pronoun Afridi domesticating 2 conquering, conquest, subjugation,
gha feminine of 2 subordination
if f. Arabic 1 execution (i.e., of an obligation); fulfillment elektronk m. electronics
(i.e., of a promise) 2 payment, clearing (i.e., of a debt) elektronik electronic
if d m. Arabic sending, delegation im f. Arabic sign, hint; nod
i z m. Arabic awakening ajm 1 m. people, tribe 2 m. plural the Ajmaks (a
ektr m. regional actor nationality) 3 m. Ajmak (tribesman)
ktrs f. regional actress ajm adjective Ajmak Ajmak sheep
ekr m. acre im n m. Arabic 1 faith, belief; persuasion deep
eksr f. eksrz m. plural x-ray, x-rays conviction to believe in something 2
x-ray apparatus x-ray room conscience; conscientiousness, honesty, decency to
ekvdr m. Equador confess honestly
1 ik f. copper coin, copper, penny a trifle imnd r 1 correct, true, devoted; reliable
2 ek only, sole devoted wife ! May they have faith in thee! (a wish)
ekemi f. regional academy 2 conscientious, honest, decent 3 convinced 4 devout, pious
1 el m. tribe, clan imndr f. 1 faithfulness, devotion; reliability 2
2 el il 1 quiet; tame; domesticated (of animals) 2 sincerity; conscientiousness, honesty, probity
submissive, obedient a to be faithful, be devoted b to be honest; be decent; be
3 jl m. plural 1 oil 2 petroleum sincere
el p m. snake plant (a medicinal plant) imn pertaining to religion, religious
il m. embulns m. regional ambulance; emergency medical
il relating to summer pasture a summer house vehicle
eln f. submissiveness emn quiet, peaceful; peace loving
ilbnd m. summer pasture, mountain medow emnv laj m. calm; peaceableness
ildzhr iladzhr emna 1 feminine singular of 2 f. proper name Emina
ilch m. obsolete 1 ambassador 2 herald, messenger em possessive pronoun Afridi my
jlsvch m. technology oil switch ajm f. history estate, fief
ilgh r m. ilghr m. attack, raid ajmad r m. history owner of a fief, feudal landlord
elv laj m. submissiveness ni-juni fran m. regional history movement
elavl denominative [past: ] 1 to pacify; tame 2 to opposing the creation of a single united province of West
conquer; subjugate, subordinate to Pakistan
il 1.1 free, discharged, released a to free; discharge, inch m. inch idiom Every inch of
release b to exude (i.e., gas) c to evacuate a to be one's native land.
freed, be discharged, be released b to be leaked out (i.e., gas) c indzr m.
to be evacuated 1.2 itinerant, wandering 2.1 hardly, barely ind ra f. 1 mirror 2 glass
I had a narrow escape. indtb m. indv laj m. reservation of an animal
It is just beginning to dawn. 2.2 just, only only now for productive or breeding purposes
... I just now noticed that 1 jand 1 future; approaching, coming 2 f. future
... We had only just sat down to at a future time; in the future in future
eat when 2.3 in all, in toto in the near future to put off to the
iladzhr 1.1 voluntary; pertaining to military volunteers future
1.2 partisan 2.1 m. volunteer; militia volunteer 2.2 a partisan ind m. [plural: ind n] agriculture sire, stud (ram,
2
ilagard f. vagabondage, vagrancy bull, etc.) to reserve for breeding to be

1 l li here, over here, this way reserved for breeding
2 ilj f. 1
71
3
nda f. drink, gulp to drink 2
bb 1 predicate suitable; widespread; brought into use;
off at one draught to drink a lot idiom accepted 2 m. spreading, dissemination 3 combining form
to dress up, dress smartly plurality, collectivity dried fruit groceries
4 ind f. colza, cole, rape 1
bb m. 1 vocative father ! Father! 2 vocative
ajnka f. usually plural ajnki glasses, spectacles Grandfather! 3 grandfather 4 [plural: bbg n] ancestors
a to wear glasses b to put glasses on idiom Kokhibaba Range
ing eng f. inga (the female companion of a new bride 2 bb children's speech ! Beat him!
chosen from among her relatives, and who lives in the house of bbdzh m. grandfather
her husband for some time after the wedding) bbz m. plural Babazi (a subdivision of the Momands)
in f. anatomy liver bb-al-mandb m. Bab-el'-Mandeb
ev dzaj iv zaj dialect Strait
1 ajv n m. colloquial 1 2 child bbh f. 1 fatherhood 2 figurative ironic good deed;
2 ajv n m. hall, gallery patronage Have you
ajv n-i-'m m. regional the House of Commons decided to be my benefactor with this?
ajb m. Arabic proper name 1 Ayub 2 proper name Job bbt m. Arabic question, problem relative to this,
1 ajubz m. plural the Ayubzi (tribe) 2 ajubzj m. concerning this; in connection with this relative
Ayubzai (tribesman) to, in relation to someone
j f. Arabic bbr m. 1 lion 2 proper name Babur, Baber Sultan
h interjection hey, look here, ahoy Babur the Garden of Babur (in Kabul)
n m. 1 rite, ceremony; custom, procedure 2 law; legal 1
bbu m. 2
code; statute; regulations unlawful 2
bb 1 m. plural Babyr (tribe) 2 Babyr (person) 3 proper
in f. mirror signal mirror to look in noun Babyr
the mirror bbk m. bbk m. bbk m. vocative father, papa
inakhn f. room, chamber; small room usually in the (as a term of endearment)
upper part of a dwelling bbl m. Arabic history Babylon
ainas z m. mirror stand, mirror holder 1 bb m. vocative father, papa
2 bb m. 1 clerk; office worker, employee (from local
inhabitants, in India) office workers 2 gentlemen;
chiefs
1
be 1 the second letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 2 in 3 bb f. older sister
the abjad system 1 bbuz m. plural Babuzai (tribe) 2 bbuzj Babuzaj
2
official abbreviation (person)
3
1
bbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to spread,
4
bi Arabic preposition or prefix used with Arabic words disseminate; bring into use
especially, particularly personally, in person bbul la f. wedding lament (a lamentation of the bride at the
1
b children's speech bah-bah (imitating sheep) wedding rite) idiom to speak nonsense
2
b 1 bbna m. plural of 1
3
b Farsi preposition or prefix indicating the presence of some 2 bbavna f. spreading, dissemination; bringing into use
quality or attribute well brought up important; 1 bb 1 m. plural Babi (tribe) 2 bbj m. Babi (person)
significant 2 bbj f. 1 bride (brother's wife) 2 mother, auntie (familiar
abbreviation the agency Bakhtar the form of address to an elderly woman)
news agency Bakhtar bbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be spread
badaba well brought up around, be disseminated; be used; be accepted, be usual
bins fa honorable, honest; just bbedna f. babed m. plural dissemination, spreading
bahamijt bahammijt important, significant bberj m. 1 recurrence, relapse (of a sickness)
1 bb m. Arabic [plural: bbna Arabic plural: He's sick again with a fever. 2 price increase
abv b] 1 door 2 number used when counting buildings, schools, He raised the price of grapes. 3 addition to bride
etc. 3 chapter, section (of a book) 4 question, problem, matter money, increase in the amount of bride amount (after bargaining)
relative to this; about this; for this reason
72
bbz 1 unimportant, mediocre 2 vain, futile 1 bdzh f. 1 brass band 2 music to play (of an
all of his efforts were futiles 3 bad, base (of a person) 4 orchestra) idiom harmonica harmonium
bad, nasty (of a word) 2 bdzh m. brother-in-law (wife's sister's husband)
bbezv laj m. low quality; mediocrity bch m. [plural: bchah n] 1 king 2 title of a sayyid
bbezkaj 1 bad (diminutive form) 2 thin, puny or descendent of followers of the prophet
bbezvl denominative, predicate [past: ] to spoil bchdzh m. vocative master, sayyid
something; break off some matter bch m.
btadzhrib experienced; having experience, practice bchha f. [plural: bchah ni] 1 queen 2 queen bee
btadbra bright, sharp, quick (on the uptake) bchah f. kingdom
btaklfa difficult, heavy, burdensome; full of grief, bhssa sympathethic; responsive
deprivation a bad year, difficult year bkhabr bkhabra informed, knowledgeable
1 btr btr 1.1 mighty 1.2 heroic; brave; courageous 2 m. informed circles
.1 hero; brave man 2.2 proper name Batur to be informed, be
2 btr m. btr pupil (of the eye) knowledgeable in something; to recognize, find out something
btur f. thorn-apple bkhtr m. history 1 Baktriya 2
btur f. btor f. heroism; courage, bravery, daring the Bakhtar (news) agency
to show heroism; be courageous bkhtar history 1 of or from Baktriya 2 person from
1 btj m. large saucepan Baktriya idiom Iranian languages
2 btj f. singular & plural 1 wick, fuse 2 medicine probe bkhh imperfect from
1 bterj m. quail bkhmalj f. 1
2 bterj f. female quail bkh f. fairy-tale witch
btingr m. 1 tomato 2 dialect asafetida (a gum resin) 1 bd m. 1 wind wind from the mountains
b m. whetstone, hone compound verb to sharpen (on south wind west wind north wind
a whetstone) east wind the wind is blowing a cold
b ra f. large hail wind blew a beaten by the wind b having caught cold c
br bk boastful figurative gone insane 2 air (in a balloon, ball, etc.) to
blj m. diminutive pail a pail of water inflate, pump up (a balloon, ball, etc.) 3 wind (intestinal), flatus 4
b m. braggart; haughty person, boastful person rheumatism (in the joints); arthritis b d-i a erysipelas b
bavl m. 1 denominative [past: ] to sharpen (on a St. Anthony's fire c syphilis 5 figurative breathing, blowing (of
whetstone) 2 [past: ] figurative to incite, arouse the wind) 6 figurative boastfulness, bragging compound
b a f. usually plural bi boasting, bragging verb idiom oppressive hot weather remained
to boast, brag a to brag, boast b to make a show of bravery c to
bhrs m. Baterst (a locality) pursue a useless task to beat the air, mill the wind
bedl intransitive and to brag, boast this is a vain undertaking to babble
big m. beg m. [plural: big plural: foolishness, speak nonsense to insult, humiliate, shame;
beg bing m. plural: bing n] tomato to degrade
bsarvta wealthy, well-to-do 2 bd colloquial after a while
bsamra fruitful; sucessful bd r m. master (in relation to a servant), sir (landed gentry)
bdzh m. history tribute, tax to pay tribute, pay tax bd ra f. [plural: bdr ni] mistress (in return to a
bdzhd r m. servant), ma'am
bdzhr f. kind of sorghum, Holcus spicatus bdr f. dominion to hold sway over
bdzh m. downpour someone
bdzhguz r m. history one paying tribute or tax bd m m. 1 almond tree almond with
bdzhgr m. history collector of tribute hard shell almond with soft shell 2 kind of
bdzhandzh la strained, tense; intensive embroidery 3 woman's adornment worn over the temples (in a
intensive year form resembling an almond)
bdzhav m. Badzhaur bdmch f. 1 wild almond 2 2, 3
bdzhavj m. inhabitant of Badzhaur, Badzhaurian bdm f. snowstorm
73
bdm 1 almond-like (of the eyes); oval 2 cream-colored; bdmng adjective fast
brown; beige bdindzh n m. eggplant
bdb n m. 1 sail 2 lampshade bdav m badv ma firm, solid; lengthy, lasting
bdbnd r bdbn adjective sailing coal burns a long time
sailboat bdv n m.
bdbark m. botany baby's breath bdr
bdbezj m. 1 ventilator 2 fan bdurn
bdph m. 1 bdur f.
bdphj m. fast runner bdvaj 1 knocked down by the wind 2 m. fallen grain,
bdpak f. fallen fruit
bdpuzhn haughty, arrogant bdkaj m. 1 breeze 2 figurative stupid person 3
bdpez f. nonsense, foolishness, absurdity to do figurative spineless person; someone lacking character
something stupid; behave thoughtlessly, act carelessly bdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to winnow
bdpajm swift as the wind a fast ship (grain) 2 to pour, spread (earth, etc.) 3 figurative to squander,
bddzhaj f. 1 downpour 2 snowdrift toss to the wind
bdkhr m. bdkhork m. kestrel, windhover (a bdavna f. winnowing (grain)
kind of falcon) bd f. wine
badkhor f. 1 tuberculosis of the skin, lupus vulgaris 2 bdhav f. snake (made of paper)
tumor 3 final stage of syphilis bd 1.1 filled with air or gas; aerial 1.2 wind (powered)
1
bdr m. period of time corresponding approximately to windmill 1.3 pneumatic 1.4 figurative flighty, empty-
February headed 1.5 figurative haughty (of a person) 2 m. .1 someone
bdr
2
suffering from rheumatism 2.2 agriculture winnower (of grain)
bdurn 2.3 swift camel to winnow (grain) a to be
bdrb m. snowdrift winnowed (of grain) b to suffer rheumatism
bdrng m. bdrng [plural: bdrng plural: bdj n m. star anise
bdrang n plural: bdrng n] cucumber bdh m. flue (in a stove)
1
bdrv m. 1 opening in the wall (for ventilation) 2 small bdign m.
hinged pane for ventilation b ska f. wave to be agitated, be covered
2
bdr m. regional second month of monsoons (August- with waves; to seethe, boil up
September) bd ski f. plural hide-and-seek (children's game)
bdur f. br 1 m. regional borderline (of tribes); border, boundary 2
bdsh h m. 1 king, padishah 2 sayyid, lord, sir 3 queen bee relating to a tribal boundary
4 proper noun Badshah bsi f. plural
bdshhn 1 regal, royal 2 in a regal manner bgl m. 1 reins 2 string; rope, cord
bdshhzdj f. princess bng m. 1 cucumber 2 figurative blockhead, stupid
bdshh 1 regal, royal 2 f. kingdom, realm to person
hold sway b m. 1 blockhead, stupid person 2 coward
bdghz m. airhole, vent (in a stove) bl m. teapot
bdghis t m. plural Badghisat (a region) b f. bj f. body (of a car); hull (of a ship)
bdghis adjective of or from Badghisat 1 br 1 m. .1 load, burden; pack a to fasten a load,
Badghisat wool secure a pack figurative b to succeed in something, obtain
bd-i-farang m. 1 erysipelas 2 St. Anthony's fire 3 something He'll hardly succeed in this. a to
syphilis transport a load, carry a load b m. plural transfer a load,
bdita attentive transport of a load a cart 1.2 figurative load;
bdkh m. 1 flue 2 ventilator oppression to load heavily to be
bdkob f. snowstorm subservient, to subordinate oneself to someone 1.3 fruit
bdkuj f. snowdrift to bear fruit to set (development of fruit after
bdgol f. medicine colic pollination) 2 predicate .1 loaded, laden 2.2 figurative
bdimgha sensible, clever, quick-witted; thoughful
74
overwhelmed (with worries) idiom to receive benefit brubun f. travel gear; pack; baggage
from someone brt m. plural gunpowder idiom literal
2 br m. one time, once often to try to shoot with no gunpowder figurative to undertake a
3 br m. 1 field; plain 2 combining form Hindustan useless venture; to act for no purpose
br n m. rain a fine and intermittent rain bruthkhn f. powder store
a heavy rain, a downpour brd m. plural
agriculture irrigation by sprinkling a light rain, a brudsz f. manufacture of powder
shower today is a rainy day it's raining br vnkaj adjective of a load; pack
Western it has stopped raining cargo ship pack animal
brnk m. 2 1 broz m. plural Barozi (tribe) 2 brozj m. Barozj
brngj m. rain shower (tribesman)
1 brn adjective rainy; monsoon rainy weather 1
bravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to load,
2 brnj f. umbrella; raincoat, mackintosh pack 2 to ship, send
3 brnj f. dry-farming land (i.e., without artificial irrigation) 2
bravl transitive [past: ] to stir up (against); to
brbard r adjective freight, cargo; cartage instigate
brbardr f. 1 transport, transfer of freight, cargo bromtr m. barometer
collective 2 animal-drawn transport; draft animals bravna f. 1 loading, packing 2 shipping, sending
brbnd m. enclosure, pen (for cattle) 1 br f. in this respect
brband f. 1 loading, loading up 2 packing a about, concerning something relative to the
to load b to pack same thing
brbelz stray, ownerless (of cattle) 2
b ra f. 1 fortification; rampart 2 large dam 3 barrier,
brbelza 1 f. singular from 2 unmarried, single obstruction, obstacle
(woman) 3
br particle 1 and behold 2 even a And behold
brtng m. botany plantain he has come b Even he has come
brar f. trade clearing (of accounts) brasingh m. regional deer
brdzhm f. 1 duck (a kind of sailcloth) 2 double bag or 1 br m. Arabic God; divine being, deity
sack 2 brj m. crowbar
brchln f. shipping of cargo; dispatching 3 br 1 draught (of cattle) 2 fruitful, fruitbearing (of a tree)
bts k m. gusset (in a shirt) 4 bri bre modifies force of imperative 1 come on let's!; one
brkh m. cheek time, once just let me 2 in a word, briefly, that is
brd r 1 of a load 2 fruit bearing 3 covered with fruit to say
brd ra 1 feminine singular of 2 f. pregnant brj b deserving of a reception or an audience
brid Arabic plural the Arctic brjbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
brz Arabic 1 apparent, obvious 2 successful (of a person) deserving of a reception or an audience
brselon f. Barcelona (city) bredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
1 brk m. proper name Bark (eponym of the Barakzi tribe) loaded up 2 to be packed, be wrapped 3 figurative to be
2 brk m. barracks; wooden barrack, hut burdensome, be a burden for someone 4 to migrate
brakall Arabic interjection bravo! well done! bredna f. bred m. plural 1 loading; packing 2
brakz 1 m. plural Barakzi (tribe) m. 2 Barakzj wrapping up; packaging 3 migration
(tribesman) brk 1 thin; narrow 2 tender; soft 3 figurative delicate,
brksh m. scoop, bucket (of a lifting wheel) sensitive (of a question) 4 figurative penetrating a to
brkh adjective 1.1 pack; cartage; draught 1.2 humble, refine; make thinner, narrow b to soften, make tender idiom
meek 2.1 rope for tying on a pack 2.2 beast of burden to go carefully into something; investigate
brkah f. carrying; transport of cargo a to something
work at carrying; transport cargo b to transfer, drag loads brikbn penetrating, shrewd, perspicacious; understanding
brka f. barka (a kind of wool fabric) something to a fine degree
brg h m. palace, mansion; royal tent brik f. 1 fineness; narrowness 2 tenderness; softness 3
brnm f. invoice, waybill bill of lading figurative sensitivity, delicacy 4 figurative acuteness,
brnts Barents Sea shrewdness to be penetrating, show acuity
75
b m. volley, salvo; firing to fire a volley to bs r madman

carry on firing bstn ancient
bkh m. bkh m. bsfos m. the Bosphorus the Bosphorus
bk m. botany saxaul (haloxylon) (strait)
bv k careless, negligent bsmach m. 1 basmach (member of anti-Soviet movement
1 b f. rent; freight charge; payment (for passage, in Central Asia) 2 adjective basmach
accommodations, etc.) to collect rent, bsm f. tightly-woven textile (used for curtains)
freightage, payment for something to pay in rent, bsna f. 1 conclusion 2 extracting; an extract
freightage; to make payment compound bsav d bsav da literate to teach reading
verb to rent, hire, charter to rent out and writing
2 b a f. 1 temporary fence 2 enclosure (for cattle) bsavd f. literacy
3 b f. the Bara (river) bara rice (a high-quality bs f.
rice) bs 1 not fresh, rotten 2 stale (of bread)
1
bj m. 1 pay, reward for work; remuneration 2 bribe 3 bsil bacillary
food used for a cow or goat when milking bsharfa 1 honest; noble 2 honored
2
b m. servant, worker to hire a servant or worker bshr m. Bashkir
3
bj f. 1 fence 2 front garden 3 garden plot 4 cultivated bshir adjective Bashkir the Bashkir language
earth 5 military parapet 6 society bshukh bshukha magnificent, luxurious
bem r m. hired worker bh m. steed with a white star on its forehead and white
1 bz m. [plural: bz n plural: bzna] 1 kind of stockings
hawk (usually the female, Accipiter gentilis) 2 hunting bird 3 bhagj f.
proper name Baz idiom Zejnb bkh f. kind of hawk (female)
doesn't want to marry Redj Gl. he doesn't bhagj f. hawk moth, sphingid
love us he's given over to bhn m. kind of hawk (male)
daydreams bsihhta well, healthy
2 bz m. dialect bamboo bsir f. Arabic sight sight
bz r m. 1 bazaar, marketplace to go to the bzbta disciplined
marketplace )( there's now a great btr f. btar
demand for raisins the demand now for btl Arabic 1 invalid, null, revoked 2 futile, vain, useless
wool is bad 2 figurative area, sphere, arena
bzr 1 of the bazaar, market m. 2.1 tradesman at a btl m. swamp; bog
marketplace 2.2 town-dweller 2.3 commonplace person btilnm f. letter about rescinding a warrant,
bzkh st m. making accountable; punishment notification refusing an assignment
bzd r m. hunting falconer btilv laj m. futility, vainness, needlessness
bzras f. btilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
bzl transitive [past: ] 1 to lose (e.g., money) 2 to annul, revoke, declare invalid 2 to make futile, vain, useless
squander, waste 3 theater to play (a role) 4 to give (a bribe) btiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
bzna f. 1 loss (e.g., of money) 2 wastefulness, extravagance invalid, be revoked, lose force 2 to be useless, needless
bz m. 1 hand, arm 2 side (e.g., of a bed) 3 hinge (of a door) btn m. Arabic 1 interior, inside 2 figurative innermost
4 military flank 5 small lever thoughts idiom nearby, limited
bzubnd m. bracelet (worn on the forearm) btin Arabic 1 internal 2 figurative hidden; innermost
bz f. 1 game toys playground btmi m. Batmi (city)
to play to play with someone 2 deception b's m. Arabic [plural: b'isna Arabic plural:
to deceive bav's] reason, cause because of something; due
bzich f. toy to something
bzigr m. bzingr m. 1 player 2 conjurer 3 ba'istj f. cause, (underlying) condition
rogue; swindler regional idiom tumbler pigeon b'id Arabic distant
1 bs m. latrine b'azamta majestic; magnificient; grand
2 bs present verb stem from b'amla energetic, active (of a person)
76
bgh m. 1 garden municipal garden bgh-i 2 bk m. Baku (city)

Bagibala (palace in Kabul) 2 kitchen garden, vegetable garden 3 bkasraj m. short-horned ram
Bagh (center of Tirach, region of the Aphridian tribes) bkj f. vomiting; vomit
bghb aj bghb gh quite satisfied; beaming bkjfa pleasant a life full of pleasures
to give great joy, make very happy bg zh m. baggage
he's beaming from joy; he's very contented bgr m. reins
the spirit rejoices unwittingly bgra f. bg f. bgolj f. bgva f.
bghb n m. witch; hag
bghch f. 1 flower bed; flower garden 2 vegetable garden bga f. bragging, boasting to brag, boast
bghd r m. 1 gardener 2 owner of a garden 3 market bl 1.1 above, from above; high up 1.2 higher 1.3 over,
gardener above, more than 2 upper, located in the upper part of something
bghdr f. gardening, horticulture to practice blb d m. southwest wind
gardening blph m. topcoat, overcoat
bghl m. bghul m. plural beans of the field bilidzhm l Arabic in short, concisely, in general outline
bghvl m. gardener, horticulturist blhis r m. Balahisar (fortress in Kabul)
bghv n m. 1 gardener 2 market gardener blkhn f. 1 upper story of a house; superstructure 2
bghvn f. 1 gardening, horticulture 2 market gardening balcony
a to practice gardening b to practice market gardening bilkhir Arabic finally, at last
bgh m. 1 medicine mumps 2 anatomy parotid gland blmurgh b m. Bala-Morghab, Bala-Murghab (town)
bghul m. plural blb l
1 bgh 1 garden, horticultural 2 market-gardening blbachd r adjective regional family, having a
2 bgh m. Arabic insurgent, striker; rebel _ to go on family I have a family.
strike, raise a rebellion; to rebel bilbadh Arabic suddenly
3 bghj m. reserve, preserve bilbadih Arabic ex promptu, without preparation
baghijn f. rebellious; unruly rebellion blt m. ballet
bghich f. bltk Baltic Sea
bghajrta Arabic valiant, worthy of glory bltik adjective Baltic
bft m. 1 weaving 2 knitting 3 braiding the hair 4 kind of blj f. [plural: bljg ni] 1 bucket 2 (galvanic)
woman's hairdo element dry element
b'id repaired, restored; regular blk
b'idag f. 1 state of good repair; regularity 2 blik
agreement; harmony a in good repair; regularly bilkhss Arabic especially, in particular
b harmoniously; in an orderly way blkhsh m. Lake Balkhash
b Arabic 1 remaining 2 m. .1 arrears 2.2 math bilkhuss Arabic especially, in particular
difference bizz t Arabic by its nature, in essence
bij t m. Arabic plural 1 arrears 2 survivals, relics blistk bllistk 1 ballistic
bimnd 1 remaining 2 m. remainder intercontinental ballistic missile 2 m. ballistics
bk m. 1 fear, fright; anxiety; unrest to be afraid, take blshevsm m. Bolshevism
fright; he's not afraid of this 2 concern idiom blshevk 1 m. Bolshevik 2 adjective Bolshevik
! no problem, it's all right! blht m. [plural: blihtn plural:
bkter f. & m. bkterij f. bacteria blihtna] pillow
bacilli blihtk m. blihtgoj m. 1 small pillow,
bkterjolozh 1 f. bacteriology 2 bacteriological cushion 2 padding, packing, separator (of wood or similiar
bkterij f. material)
bksng m. bizzarr Arabic certainly; without fail
bkifjt talented, gifted; capable, skillful bittb' Arabic in point of fact, in essence
bkifjta efficient, capable, qualified bil'ks Arabic on the contrary despite this
bkam la skilled; learned, erudite bil'umm Arabic generally, in general
1 bk m. 1 elder brother 2 proper name Bako
77
blgh Arabic 1 grown-up; mature; of age 2 m. grown man 1 bn m. regional missile, rocket
campaign against illiteracy courses to 2 bn m. Bonn (city)
end illiteracy 3 b n m. suffix doer of an action gardener
bilfrz Arabic let's suppose; supposedly bn m. part, a part (of a car and so forth)
bilf'l Arabic in fact, actually bndzhn violet, lavender
bl n m. [plural: bln t] Balkans bndzh m. [plural: bndzh] eggplant
the Balkan peninsula eggplant tomato tomatoes
bilkl bilkll Arabic altogether, absolutely, completely tomato juice
blkach m. blk m. follower of a fakir (learning bndzh m. newly-born puppy
from him and serving his needs) bnd f. military band
bilmsl Arabic analogous; identical, the same bndng m. Bandung (city in West Java, Indonesia)
bilmubil Arabic in reply; in exchange; in turn bndi bnde Eastern 1 combined with the preposition
binnatidzh Arabic as a result (Eastern )or without it .1 on (on the surface of something)
blng m. [plural: blang n] large wild orange tree my book is on the table to stand or
bl m. [plural: bl] 1 fuel 2 dung-brick fuel 3 kind put onto something, load onto something to be placed,
of roast (meat) put or loaded onto something 1.2 with, with the help of
bl m. regional beast of prey with the help of someone with the aid of
bln m. bln m. 1 balloon 2 rubber ball 3 balloon, something 2.1 adverb on him, her, it; on them; onto him, her, it
aerostat 2.2 to him, her, it; to them Ahmed shouted to
blon spherical him. 2.3 around him, her, it, them everyone
bl imperfect from to be called gathered around him
blj f. earrings bnditb m.
blistk bndinj 1 upper 2 someone else's, another's 3 external,
bligj m. foundling foreign
bln m. bndiv laj m. 1 height 2 figurative superiority
blijs m. Balijus (ancient name of the Kandahar Province) bn r m.
bm m. 1 roof 2 top (of a carriage) 3 flooring, planking 1 bn f. 1 pen for cattle (summer pasturing); fence behind
bmk f. Bamako (city) which cattle are driven 2 small village 3 camp of nomads, cattle
bmbr m. herders 4 settlements 5 body, torso 6 used in geographical
bmba f. flame place names Gudzharobanda (an inhabited locality)
bmb m. Brahmin 2 bn m. proper name Banda
bmba f. 3 bn destroyed, annihilated; killed, fallen
1 bmb m. buzzing (of insects) bnach m. bnaw l m. 1 one who is living at a
2 bmb m. bamboo mountain pasture 2 villager, peasant, farmer
bmbur f. top (the toy) bnechj m. bnesj m. 1 nomad herdsman,
bmb m. noise, uproar, commotion to make noise, shepherd; one who lives on the steppe 2 summer resident in the
make a racket country
bmra f. edge; border, hem, edging bnes f. summer camp, area where nomads make camp in
bml transitive [past: ] to strike up a friendship, the summer
maintain friendship, befriend bnr m. leaf of the date-palm tree
bma f. thick smoke bns m. bamboo
bmnkaj 1 present participle from 2.1 m. tutor, bnish ta adjective cheerful, buoyant, hale and hearty (of a
educator 2.2 friend person)
1 bm f. end of winter bnk m. bank bank of commerce, commercial
2 bm imperfect from bank agricultural bank
3 b ma singular oblique from national bank Afghan Bank, Bank of Afghanistan
bmij n m. sometimes plural Bamian (city) state bank, government bank
Bamian Pass Bamian Province bnkd r m. banker, bank owner
bmj f. okra, Hibiscus esculentus bnkdr f. banking business
78
bnkr m. bwar adjective reliable, trustworthy; earnest

bnks m. earnestly
bnks adjective bamboo 1 bwj f. plateau
bnk larnkaj m. 2 bwj f. large well
bnknt m. bank note bwsr m. singular & plural piles, hemorrhoids
bnkn m. bank note bwll transitive [past: ] to train for hunting (a bird or
1 bnk f. ankle bracelet a dog)
2 bnk m. 1 bnk m. bwlna f. training to hunt, training for hunting (a bird or a
1 bnk m. dog)
2 bnk adjective bank, banking 1 bwl adjective dull, stupid; ignorant
bnkj m. 1 dandy, fop 2 conceited person 2 bwl imperfective of
bng m. 1 crow, crowing (of a rooster) 2 muezzin's call to 1 bwlj m. bait (used in training hunting birds or dogs)
prayer compound verb a to crow (of a
rooster) b to call to prayer (of a muezzin) 2 bwlj adjective 1 feigning bravery, pretending to be brave
1 bngaj m. tongs (blacksmith's) 2 pretending to be business-like, efficient
2 bnguj m. cockerel, young rooster 3
bwl m. place where a bird or dog is training for hunting
1 bng m. 1 crowing rooster 2 muezzin 4
bwlj f 1 path or stairs leading to a well or kahriz 2
2 bng m. yoke (for carrying buckets, etc.) reservoir near a well, chute for water
3 b ng m. Bangui (capital of the Central African Republic) bw m.
bngej m. cockerel, young rooster bw m. syphilitic
1 bn m. 1 kind of insect 2 kind of apricot bhr in the evening I don't eat at
2 bn f. 1 lady 2 Bannu (city in northern Pakistan) home
bn f. pretext, excuse to look for an opportunity bham adjective collective, joint; common life
to harm somebody together
bn m. Arabic founder, initiator bahonr adjective skillful, able
bnn m. falcon bh m. bracelet (for arms or legs)
b m. rope made of palm leaves bj 1 m. .1 loss (in sports, gambling, etc.) 1.2 loss, waste 2
bs m. 1 bamboo 2 bamboo rod, pole first separable syllable of the verb !
bk f. ankle bracelet look out, don't get lost!
bu m. [plural: bug n] eyelash a bj m. computer science byte
to close the eyes b figurative to die c to blink b jd adverb should, must, ought to, is necessary
idiom to have evil designs towards someone a to What ought one to do?, What should be done?; sometimes
be insidious b to be sad to insult combines with the hortative particle it is
bok adjective tipsy, drunk necessary that we meet
b m. plural eyelashes b jd, b jid 1 should, must, ought to, is necessary
bechgh m. swing, seesaw He ought to go We ought not to
bw m. syphilis go 2 f. due, appropriate observe wedding rites
bwidzhd na adjective honest, conscientious, decent, b jskl, b jsicl m. bicycle
respectable b jskalsaw r, b jsklsaw r m. bicyclist
bwodzhd in spite of, despite, not withstanding, against bjskp m. regional motion picture projector
in spite of this b ' m. Arabic seller, vendor
bwr m. faith, confidence self-confidence bj l m. Baykal
to trust somebody, to rely on somebody bjk m. boycott compound verb to boycott
to believe someone's words ... I am sure bjk m. Salvadora persica (a kind of tree)
that bjl t m. 1 loss; defeat suffer defeat
bwarch m. 1 cook 2 messenger in war, in battle 2 loss, waste
bwarchikhn f. regional kitchen bjll 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to lose, to be defeated
bwar kr m. credit card 1.2 lose something; forfeit something 2 m. plural .1 loss; defeat
79
2.2 loss, waste of something idiom get lost ! butkh k m. Butkhak (inhabited place near Kabul)
Don't get lost! butkhn f. idol
bjlna f. 1 loss; defeat 2 loss, waste of something batr worst; very bad
bjlodl transitive dialect butshikn m. 1 history religion iconoclast 2 person who
bjldaj past participle of combats prejudice, outdated ideas, beliefs
They lost valuable time idiom a heart in love batk m. 1 batka f. flask; water bottle, canteen
bjlawl transitive dialect 1 batka f. flask; water bottle, canteen
bajlodzh f. biology 2 batka f. goose
biolodzhik adjective biological 1 batakj m. flask, water bottle
1 bj m. regional old chap, old fellow 2 butkj f. gold coin; gold piece
2 bj interjection well Well, you can batla f. young chicken, pullet
say what you want. bitn m. plural concrete compound verb to cover
1
babr m. lion with concrete, lay concrete
2
babr 1 tousled, shaggy, disheveled 2 hairy 3 dense, thick (of 1 bta f. goose
wood) 4 figurative angry, cross, irate 2 but f. type of embroidery
babrstnaj m. type of English rifle 1 bt, bat f. glue, starch; size, sizing
babrsraj adjective tousled, shaggy, disheveled 2 bat f. fallow land, fallow
babrghwgaj m. English 11-round rifle 3 bat, bt f. reproach, rebuke compound verb to
1 babrk m. proper noun Babrk reproach, rebuke
2 bbrk m. castor (textile) 4 batj f. 1 candle 2 wick

babrawl, babarawl denominative, transitive [past: ] ba m. 1 oven for baking brick, kiln 2 griddle for frying kernels
of corn or peas 3 hot, burning desert 4 figurative success, good
1 to tousle, ruffle, rumple 2 figurative to anger, to enrage
luck
1
babrj m. [plural: babrij n and babr] shaggy
hunting dog
bar, baar f. [plural: barj or baarj and
2
babrj, babrj m. basil
barig n or baarig n] battery storage battery
babredl, babaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] bastrgaj goggle-eyed, lobster-eyed
1 become tousled, become shaggy, disheveled 2 figurative,
basra f. coarse-ground flour
colloquial to snap at, bristle
basraj m. straw remaining after threshing; straw left on
the threshing floor
babghj, babghj poor; unfortunate
bibliogrf f. bibliography bak
1 babw m. elf, goblin (fantastic being that frightens children) bal m. motar (for grinding hashish or naswar)
compound verb to grind in a mortar (hashish or nasvar)
2 bab f. disease of horses
3 bab f. mother (form of addressing a mother or an old woman) bala f.
bbottaj m. bbotatj f. hoopoe ban f. regional button; push-button, call-button
bbdzaj m. damper (in a flue) baw f. regional bag, handbag (lady's, etc.)
bbzaj, bbuzaj m. 1 fan electric fan 1 ba f. 1 fish and rice 2 dialect unseasoned boiled rice
porridge
compound verb to fan 2 sail 3 kingfisher, halcyon
babkaj m. hoopoe 2 ba f. thumb thumb
1 babj m. snipe (bird) 1 ba f. barley juice, extracted liquid from barley
2 babj f. 1 older sister 2 sis (form of addressing an older
2 baj f. stove, kitchen range electric stove
atomic reactor compound verb to fry, to grill
sister) 3 wise and beautiful woman
babzna f. shivers, shivering, chill, fever 3 be f. barley porridge
bipr, bapr m. bebjb n hot, sweltering desert
1 but m. idol, statue bajrj m. baiwl m. 1 vendor of sweets and
roasted kernels 2 baker
2 bat m. stone masonry (the walls of a well, kahriz, etc.)
bat ra, bt ra f. club, cudgel 1
budzh m. [plural: budzh n] seed (e.g., of a melon,
watermelon)
batljn m. battalion
butparst m. idolater, idol-worshiper 2
badzh m. sound during milking
80
3
badzh m. log (a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of bachkaj m. 1 string, lace 2 toe (of shoes) 3 ribbon (for the
branches) hair)
budzh lazy bachawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to save,
rescue; defend, guard
budzh ngi f. plural rags
badzhz Arabic with the exception of, excepting, excluding, bachngaj m. 1 baby, child 2 the young of animals;
young birds
except
budzhl f. [plural:
budzhli]
bachwaj m. 1 2 ribbon (for the hair)
idiom to have success, be lucky in something
1 bach m. lad, fellow
. Just now Reday Gul is having luck 2 bcha onomatopoeia cry used in driving goats
in everything He was unlucky.
bachagrd m. critical age (of a boy)
budzhulb z m. player of the knucklebones game bachagta, bachagwta f. fourth finger, ring finger
budzhlka, budzhulka f. 1 ankle, anklebone 2 knucklebone; bachamrd 1 m. young man; young stalwart, brave man,
man of courage 2 adjective brave, courageous
compound verb to play knucklebones
1 bidzhl f. 1 electricity electric industry 2 bachamrda 1 m. young man; young stalwart, brave man,
man of courage 2 adjective brave, courageous
lantern, flashlight; lamp 3 spark
2 budzhuli plural of 1
bachj m. [plural: bach and bachij n] 1 child,
baby 2 sonny, lad (form of address) 3 young of animals and birds
badzh f. [plural: badzhe] hour What
time is it? eight o'clock
2 bchj, bachj f. base, foot of a wall
at eight o'clock an hour and a half 3 bachj f. darling, dear one (addressing one's child)
half an hour bachbach, bchbch onomatopoeia cry used in driving
goats
badzhj f. children's speech breast, chest
bach m. 1.1 border, edging; edge, rim 1.2 rescue, rescuing; bachedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to escape,
rid oneself of, shake off; to be protected
defense, protection 2 predicative defended, protected
compound verb compound verb
bachedna f. plural bached m. rescuing, saving,
deliverance
bachw, bach w m. f. 1 protection, protect
compound verb compound verb 2
budz f. termite, white ant
regional to save
butskhagj f. handbag
bachwkedna f. defense, protection butskh f.
bichw, bachwa m. f. large floor covering, canvas batsrkaj m. small spark
bachwawl denominative, transitive batsraj m. 1 spark 2 figurative little, few 3 figurative
particle grain (of gold, etc.) 4 spray
bachwedl denominative, transitive
bacht m. supply, reserve, savings compound verb to bahs m. Arabic [plural:
bahsna and Arabic
be created (of reserves, supplies) compound verb to

abh s] 1 argument; debate, discussion after
accumulate (of savings)
long debate a very heated argument
bachartb m. girlhood intervene in an argument 2 consideration (of an
bachar f. girl issue, of a question) to

discuss something; consider a matter
1 buchrj m. young donkey, foal of an ass
2 bachraj m. 1 tassel on the tail (of an ox) 2 bahr m. Arabic [plural: bahrna and Arabic
1 bachk m. 1 assistant, helper (e.g., of a irrigation system abh r] 1 sea ocean the
controller, miller) 2 apprentice

Arctic Ocean the Indian Ocean 2
meter (in poetry); rhythm; metrics
bachk m. tobacco wastage
2
bachkraj m. tip of a knout bahr-ul-khl m. Arabic the Pacific Ocean

bachakk m. [plural: bachki m.] 2 buhr n m. Arabic crisis economic crisis;
bachagn children's, child's political crisis
bachandr m. stepson buhrn Arabic critical, crucial; dangerous, perilous (of a
bach m. & f. slang my child (address) situation)
1 bachi m. plural stockings bahrpajmj f. navigation
2 bachaj m. 1 young of animals; young birds 2 mask bhr-u-br, bahr-u-br on land and sea
81
bahr Arabic marine, sea; naval navy bukhch f. bukhts f.

bukhtsagj f. 1 bundle
sea currents; ( sea) voyage (with belongings); bundle; packet 2 bag, pouch (with sewing
bahrjn m. Bahrain, Bahrain Islands articles)
bahrij f. Arabic fleet merchant fleet 1 bkhra f.
navy 2 bakhra f. dialect
bahir f. Arabic sea the Black Sea bakhrawr happy, fortunate
bukh r m. Arabic [plural: bukhruna and Arabic bakhsh m. part, portion, share
bukhr t] 1 steam; vapor ( charcoal) fumes, bakhshish m. bakhh m. 1 gift, present 2 award
carbon monoxide compound verb to evaporate compound verb a to give b to award 3 tip, gratuity 5
compound verb to be evaporated to steam, stew 2 rash forgiveness, pardon compound verb a to give a tip
bukhr f. Bukhara b forgive idiom idiom shib-i-bakhshish kind,
bukhrld bukhrd ra saturated with steam; water merciful; all-forgiving
vapor saturated air bakhhw 1 generous 2 kind, merciful; all-forgiving
bukhrst m. Bucharest bakhhh m. bakhhht dialect
1 bukhr adjective steam steamship bakhhl transitive [past: ] 1 to give, present 2 to
2 bukhrj f. oven; stove; hotplate; fireplace show mercy, grant pardon; forgive 3 to release from payment (of
iron stove electric hotplate taxes) 4 to exert influence
gas stove bakhhndj, bakhhndj 1 generous 2 m. benefactor
1 bakht m. luck, good fortune fortunately bakhhna f. 1 giving, donating 2 forgiveness
he was unsuccessful be a minion of fortune compound verb to beg forgiveness, pardon compound
Good fortune turned away from verb a to give a present b to forgive ! Pardon me! 3
him. He was unlucky; He was gift, present gift of nature
lucky He's started having good 1 bukhl m. Arabic stinginess, greed, avarice
luck.; to be the cause of one's own destruction or compound verb to be greed
ruin 2 bakhl transitive
2 bukht, bukht busy, occupied (with doing something) bakhula f.
We're occupied with the matter bakhml m. [plural: bakhmaluna and
We're busy with the case bakhmal n] velvet
bukhttb m. bukhttj f. and bukhtw laj m. bakhmla f. proper noun Bakhmala
(state of) being busy; occupation 1 bakhmal adjective velvet
bakhtawr, bakhtawr 1 happy, fortunate, lucky 2 bakhmalj f. bakhmal m. red bug
happy time I am happy. 2 joyous, festive bakhn, bakhun suffix -ish (or similar used with the names of
on this joyous, festive day colors) reddish
bukhtawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to be bakhnbakhn, bakhunbakhun parti-colored, variegated; of
busy, be occupied with affairs, with work; to enlist (someone) in different colors
participating in something bakhna f.
bukhtawna f. enlisting, involving (someone) in something bakhnaj m dyer
1 bkhta oblique singular of 1 1 bukhur m. Arabic incense
2 feminine singular of 2 2 bkhwr m. hunting feeding bird compound verb
bukhtj f. to be engaged in to feed (of a bird)
industry, work in industry bukhur-u-namr m. starvation ration
bakhtj r, bakhtij r 1 fortunate; satisfactory 2 m. .1 plural to live on short rations, be half-starved;
Bakhtiars (tribe) 2.2 proper noun Bakhtiar drag out a miserable existence
bakhtajr, bakhtaijr f. prosperity, success bakhuaj m. 1 1 2 stuffed calf (placed next to a cow
bukhtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be that has lost its calf)
busy with something, work at something; be enlisted in bakhwl m. anatomy diaphragm idiom to
participating in something desire something passionately
bukhted m. plural working in something bkhwla f. trouble, misfortune (one who has)
work in commerce gotten into trouble, (one who has) come to grief
82
bakhj f. type of sewing, kind of stitch baddzhawl indeclinable plain, homely; ugly, hideous
idiom to decorate; praise, laud badchrukaj m. villain, scoundrel
bakhl Arabic 1 m. miser, skinflint, stingy greedy person 2 badchalw badchalnd dissipated, dissolute, good-
stingy, miserly for-nothing
bakhil f. stinginess, miserliness to be stingy, badh la in poor condition
miserly, greedy badhl f. poor condition
bakhi f. badkhrtsa m. badkhrtsaj spendthrift, prodigal,
bad 1 bad, wicked ... ... the squanderer
trouble is that ... It wouldn't be badakhsh n m. Badakhshan Badakhshan
bad if you call first look with malice 2 m. plural .1 evil; Province
trouble, unpleasantness He has had a misfortune. badkhaslta having bad character, immoral
Don't wish anyone evil. 2.2 bad things badkhw h, badkh h 1 m. enemy, foe 2 unfriendly, hostile
He has treated you badly. You acted badly. badkhlaj swearing, using foul language
compound verb to swear; to scold to speak ill of badkhwnda 1 unpalatable 2 unpleasant
someone, give a bad report about someone mea badkhwnd f. 1 unpleasant taste 2 unpleasantness
culpa 2.3 fine to establish the size of a fine to badkhja 1 immoral; wicked 2 disobedient, unruly,
pay a fine idiom to be hateful to undisciplined
someone Please don't take offense at this badkhoj f. 1 immorality; malice 2 disobedience,
He was not at all offended. He is upset. lack of discipline
to be angry I don't like this hat. baddijnat f. dishonesty
badakhl qa 1 immoral 2 ill-bred, unmannerly badwla indeclinable 1 homely; ugly, hideous
boor compound verb to disfigure 2 bad, nasty
badakhlq f. 1 immorality 2 lack of breeding badz t m. scoundrel; mean, underhanded low person
badrw stingy, greedy badzt f. baseness, meanness
badrw j f. stinginess, greed, cupidity 1 badr, badr m. 1 2 cotton tree
badisti'm l m. [plural: badisti'ml t] abuse, 2 bdr m. Arabic full moon
misuse; abuse of power badruddrn m. Arabic proper noun Badruddin
badsl of low birth, of low origin badrd m. plural invective, abusive language; foul language
bed't m. Arabic innovation, novelty to scold someone
badmn f. breakdown, disorganization, anarchy badarrft m. outflow, runoff, drainage
badht m. Arabic obviousness to see badraqn f.
clearly, understand well badraq f.
bedjt m. Arabic undertaking; measure badarknd m. cotton tree resin
badbkhta 1 unfortunate, ill-fated 2 unfit 3 stupid badragn f. payment for escorting, fee for convoying
badbakht f. trouble, misfortune; haplessness; badrag f. 1 guard, convoy, escort, accompanying
unfortunately convoy vessel He was escorted by a
badbaj gloomy, morose; troubled, distressed convoy of Pashtoons 2 funeral feast
badbja smelly, stinking, fetid badrng unattractive, plain; ugly, hideous
badbuj f. stench, stink idiom to disgrace oneself
badbn 1 m. .1 pessimist 1.2 distrustful, untrusting person badrangawl denominative, transitive [past tense
2.1 pessimistic 2.2 mistrustful ]1 to shame somebody 2 to deceive, let somebody down 3 to
badbin f. 1 pessimism 2 distrust, lack of confidence in portray somebody in a bad light
badpraj unpunctual, tardy, late (of a debtor, for badrnga
example); unreliable (of a person)
badrang f. ugliness, hideousness
badpzaj gloomy; dissatisfied, discontented badrw m. water escape
badtr badr f. Arabic 1 sack of money 2 10,000 Dirham (monetary
badtarn worst, very worst unit of Morocco)
badtfhm m. misunderstanding
badt f. 1 malice, harm, trouble 2 depravity
83
1
badr f. 1 stumbling compound verb to slip, 2 badl 1 of poor quality 2 of low birth
stumble 2 Western harm, damage compound verb to 1 badlr f. waywardness, dissipation compound
suffer loss; ruin oneself 3 anxiety, uneasiness, worry verb to lead a dissipated life
2 badrj f. proper noun Badri 2 badl raj good-for-nothing, wayward, dissipated
bad m. Euphrates poplar badl maj
badzab na badzhabbaj cursing, swearing, using badlzn m. singer
abusive language badlamna immoral, lewd, debauched (woman)
badggha
badgghe
spoiled, ruined (of a woman who badlmch, badalmch m. rhyme
has had a miscarriage or who has had a still-born baby) badlawl, badalawl 1 denominative, transitive [past:
badstrgaj shameless, brazen, insolent ].1 substitute for something compound verb to be
badastr in order, OK; as before, as usual surmounted, be overcome 1.2 ... to turn into something
badsulk unsociable, treating somebody poorly, slighting 2 m. plural
someone badln m. badlawna f. 1 replacement, substitution,
badsuluk f. slighting, treating someone badly exchange in exchange for something 2
badshgm unfortunate, unhappy, ill-stared, hapless compensation, indemnity 3 change; transformation
badsurt unattractive, plain; ugly, hideous the situation has changed somewhat
badu' f. curse, damn compound verb to curse 1 badla f. song compound verb to sing a song
to curse at someone to lull someone to sing the praises of
bid't m. Arabic 1 innovation 2 religion heresy someone, laud someone
badghg 1 harsh-sounding 2 m. sharp sound 2
badl f. 1 revenge to take revenge on
badghnaj coarse, crude, impolite, discourteous someone 2 replacement, substitution, exchange
badf l ominous, sinister instead of that 3 regional compensation, indemnity
badf l f. misfortune, bad luck unfortunate, 1 badl m. singer
unhappy 2 badli plural of 1
badf'la 3 badl plural of 2
badqismt badledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
badqismat f. to be changed, to be substituted, to be exchanged 2 ...
badk r 1.1 sinful 1.2 wicked villain, scoundrel, to turn / change into something
fiend, monster 1.3 disobedient 2 m. villain, scoundrel, fiend, badled m. plural 1 substitution, exchange 2 change into
monster something; accompanying by something
badkr f. 1 sin 2 evil deed, crime 3 disobedience, state of 1 badmr f. simulation, sham, pretense
being out of control 2 badm raj m. malingerer
badkird r badm sh m.
badkirdr f. 1 badmkh f. ugliness, hideousness
badguzr na 2 badmkhaj 1 unattractive, plain; ugly, hideous 2
badguzrn f. 1 2 strained relations, discord, shameless
lack of harmony badmrhga unfortunate, unhappy failure (a
badgum na 1 suspicious, distrustful 2 dubious, person)
suspect, shady badmrgh f. bad omen, ill omen
badgumn f. 1 suspiciousness, mistrust, distrust 2 badmast f. drinking bout, binge drink heavily
doubt badma' sh m. 1 scoundrel, blackguard; bandit, thug,
badgj, badgj m. one who abuses, slanderer gangster 2 dissipated person
badguj, badgoj f. malignant gossip, scandal, reviling; badma' sh f. 1 banditry 2 dissipation
slander badma'rif f. portraying in a bad light, discrediting
1
badl m. Arabic 1 substitute, substitution instead to discredit someone
of to substitute something for something badma'milag f. unscrupulousness, lack of integrity, lack
exchange views with someone 2 revenge of conscientiousness
to take revenge on someone 3 compensation, badn m. body, trunk
indemnity 4 equivalent
84
badn m 1 to have a bad reputation, be in bad repute; disgraced, to cause harm b shame, discredit a he has
be dishonored 2 shameful, disgraceful become pitiable b he got lost c he lost consciousness
badn mus, badn mos f. shame, disgrace, dishonor; bad 2 bud f. textiles weft, woof
reputation 3 budh m. Buddha Buddhism
badnmawl denominative, transitive [past: ] bda-u-bir na f.
dishonor, disgrace, discredit bdawradz f. rainy day; trouble; need; difficult position
badnm f. bad reputation; shame, dishonor ! . Misfortune befell Walo-jaan.
What a shame! fall into poverty
badnmedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] be to pester someone with requests, importune someone
disgraced, be dishonored, be discredited; disgrace oneself bda-wir na f. disturbance, discord, sedition
badnasba indeclinable unfortunate a to create a disturbance b to make much mischief
badnumja badnumj unattractive; ugly, hideous a to be raised (of a disturbance) b to happen, occur
badan f. fuselage (of an aircraft) (of a misfortune)
1 badan physical, bodily, corporal physical culture 1
bd f. 1 evil, harm, misfortune 2 deadly hostility, enmity 3
physical exercises, calisthenics Eastern hatred, enmity
2 badnj, badanj f. small basin for washing, water container I hate his brother. compound verb to sin
with a spout (usually made of copper or aluminum) 2 bdi Eastern bade 1 feminine plural of 1 2 oblique case
badnijta 1 unfortunate, unlucky 2 ominous, sinister 3 ill- singular of 1 2
intentioned, malicious; unfriendly, hostile, ill-disposed 3 badj wicked, malicious; worthless, good-for-nothing (of a
badnijat f. malice, malicious intent, ill-will, hostility person)
bad cross, angry, bad-tempered 4 badj f. bank of a canal subject to erosion
badw laj m. poor quality; negative side 5 badj plural of 1
badod f. harm; damage badj f. 1 evil, harm, misfortune 2 depravity, perversity
badwrd hostile, inimical badj f.
badwrda indeclinable unfortunate, unhappy badid r m. deadly enemy, person who is in a state of
badwrga cross, angry, bad-tempered deadly enmity or who has committed an act of bloody vengeance
badwrgedl intransitive [past: ] to get angry (murder, wounding, etc.)
badraj m. badidr f. the custom of blood revenge
badw dangerous (of a person) badedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]1 to grow
badwawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to worse, spoil 2 to become unsuitable; be ruined 3 to perish
consider (to be) harmful, consider (to be) dangerous bad' Arabic remarkable, wonderful, wondrous
badwedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be badi' f. Arabic [plural: bad'] m. Arabic wonderful
harmful, be dangerous thing, amazing thing
badwgma
indeclinable fetid, stinking, bad-smelling badi' Arabic rhetorical
badk m. badkaj m. scoundrel, villain; worthless badih Arabic clear, obvious it is clear, it is obvious
person, a bad lot 1 ba equal, identical
badawl denominative, transitive [past: ] make bad, 2 bu one-armed, having one arm
worsen, spoil 3 b clear to speak clearly; speak bluntly
bidn Persian preposition combines with the postposition bu 1 old; aged, advanced in years 2 m. old man, elder
without, except to make someone (look) older
badaw m. Arabic bedouin, nomad bagar f.
badawijt m. Arabic nomadic way of life ba l m. wine
1 bda 1 feminine singular of 1 2 f. .1 harm; trouble, ba j 1 m. rich man 2 rich, wealthy
misfortune; distinguish good and evil; bajtb m. wealth, substance
to regard someone maliciously; to get into bajna f. enrichment, gain
trouble 2.2 bad; a to worsen, get worse (e.g., of the bajavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
condition of a wound) b to engage in nefarious business, take the enrich, make rich
path of wrong; go bad, become corrupted (of a person) a baj f. idiom to be proud of
something
85
babl truthful; righteous according to model 2.3 parallel, along

baboltb m. baboltj f. babolv laj parallel to something, alongside something 2.4
m. truth; veracity; truthfulness, uprightness uniformly 2.5 directly go directly home idiom
baag l m. fluff on the flower cluster of the cat-tail (used in in time twice as much
construction) brbartj f. barbartj brbarht m. barbarht
bg f. vagrancy brbarv laj m. barbarv laj 1 correspondence 2
ba m. bribetaker uniformity 3 equality, sameness 4 agreement; coordination 5
baaj m. anatomy kidney regulation, adjustment
bakaj m. kidney (of a sheep, goat) brbaravl barbaravl denominative, transitive [past:
buogj m. old boy, old chap ] 1 to balance; equalize, make even 2 to bring into
balaj m. clay pitcher agreement 3 to arrange 4 to fit, adapt 5 to supply; stock
ba f. 1 belt or cord worn with wide pants 2 target, goal 3 to lay in provisions 6 to prepare; create 7 to arrange,
waning moon 4 bribe idiom to roll up one's sleeves, organize 8 to fold, pack to fold clothing 9 to
get down to work to pursue someone fune (e.g., a radio) idiom to be engaged in
persistently 5 to take up something, take up some business
business brbaravna f. barbaravna 3-9
buh brbar f. barbar 1 equality 2 parallel direction
1 buj m. old man mountains which stretch along the shore
2 buj f. old woman 3 fitting, adjustment 4 correspondence, agreement 5 supply;
3 baj m. person with no arms, armless person stock 6 preparation; creation 7 arrangement 8 folding, packing
4 bi f. plural bribe to take a bribe 9 tuning (a radio)
to give a bribe brbaredl barbaredl denominative, intransitive [past:
baikhr bribe-taker ] 1 to balance; equalize, become even 2 to be sufficient,
baimr m. bribe-giver be enough there is not enough
bazr m. Arabic singular & plural grain for sowing, seed grass for pasturing the cattle 3 to come into correspondence, come
bazgr m. to an agreement 4 to be arranged, be adjusted 5 to be fitted, be
bazgra f. accommodated 6 to be supplied, be stocked 7 to be prepared, be
bazgar f. created 8 to be arranged, be organized 9 to be folded, be packed
bazl f. Arabic joke; witticism 10 to be tuned (e.g., a radio receiver)
bazlag m. bazlagj wit; joker, comedian 1 bar't m. bar t m. Arabic 1 remmittance (money)
bazlagu f. wit, wittiness check or order for receipt of pay or maintenance finance 2
1 bar f. barr Arabic dry land (as opposed to the sea) bill of exchange, transferable bill payment of a note;
2 bar m. breast, chest issuance of a note issuer of a
3 bar m. width (of fabric, etc.) promissory note acceptance of a bill of exchange
4 bar 1.1 upper Afghan living in the mountain region (in 2 bar t m. Arabic fourteenth day of the eighth month of the
Afghanistan) 1.2 having conquered, having come out on top lunar year when funeral banquets are customarily celebrated
a to ascend, go up b to conquer, win out 2 m. top a br dza f. tick (on a camel or great-horned cattle)
from above b from the mountains, from the north, from burd f. sawdust, filings iron filings
Afghanistan (with reference to Afghans) brkst m.
5
br m. astronomy eclipse eclipse of the sun idiom br r m. growth, development
a madman b sleepwalker brzvl m. Brazzaville (city)
6
br m. 1 branch with small leaves (e.g., of a tamarisk) 2 leafy barzandag f. honor, merit
top of root vegetables (e.g., of carrots) brzl m. Brazil
brbr barbr 1.1 equal, identical almost brzilij f. Brasilia (city)
equally, in equal parts 1.2 suitable, appropriate, fit, useful 1.3 barria'zm m. continent
favorable 1.4 proper, fitting 1.5 parallel 1.6 uniform barria'zam continental
uniform heat uniformly 2.1 burk m. embankment; rampart
equally, indentically in equal amounts; on a par (with), on barl 1 evident, open 2 manifestly, openly; (to speak) frankly
an equal footing 2.2 in accordance (with something) brlbv laj m. pregnancy; gestation; being in foal, etc.
86
brlba pregnant; gestating; in foal, etc. barbntb m. barbntj f. barbnv laj

brlbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be 1 nakedness, bareness 2 absence of vegetation (on mountains)
fruitful; be pregnant; become pregnant; be with young, in foal, etc.
barbnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to bare,
barmd discovered, revealed, disclosed to be uncover, strip, lay bare
discovered; turn up somewhere
barbnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
barmad f. regional veranda be uncovered, be laid bare, be stripped 2 to be denuded (of
burrn cutting; sharp vegetation on mountains)
brnch m. branch, section barbuzk m. mountaineer's bow
brna f. cry, scream to cry out, howl barp 1 raised, erected, constructed 2 established; founded,
brnsh m. gills; branchiae based a to raise, erect, construct b to establish, found,
brnshaj m. gill, branchia base 3 a to be raised, be erected, be constructed b to be
barngiznd provocative (of actions) established, be founded, be based
brva f. bragging, boasting a to boast, brag b to barp foolishly brave
lay claim to something c to pretend to be someone britnav British
barvrd m. 1 estimate 2 valuation britnij f. England Great Britain
barvna f. victory bartar f. superiority to be clearly superior
brhm-putr f. the Brahmaputra (river) bart f. boiled eggplant without butter
brhj m. Brahui (nationality of a people living mainly in brta f.
western Pakistan) bart f. 1 2 technology soldering
barhn m. Arabic plural from 1 burdzh m. Arabic brdzh [plural: burdzhna plural:
bar't m. Arabic 1 law acquittal 2 release (e.g., from burdzh n Arabic plural: burdzh] 1 tower; fort;
obligations) 3 purity, innocence stronghold; blockhouse 2 sign of the zodiac 3 month of the solar
barji-rst regional truly; in actuality, in fact year aviation (gun-) turret
barj barj yesterday evening last night 2
bardzh m. 1 thin bark of a tree (used for paper); birch-bark 2
late last night birch tree
barbd 1.1 ruined 1.2 annihilated; destroyed; crushed 1.3 bardzh v 1 full, filled 2 thickly populated
wasted, spent 2 down with! let perish! bardzht m. trouble-maker
barbdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bardzhd established, fixed, set up
ruin 2 to annihilate, crush, destroy 3 to waste, throw to the wind bardzhastag f. 1 protuberance, bulge, projection 2
barbd f. 1 ruin 2 annihilation, destruction 3 squandering superiority to surpass others
4 nonsense, foolishness bardzhast 1 outstanding eminent people
barbdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to for outstanding service 2 precisely,

perish, be lost 2 to be annihilated, be crushed, be destroyed 3 to distinctly a to speak distinctly b to emphasize (in
be squandered speech)
1 brbt m. haughtiness; pride bardzh regional bardzhk full, filled to fill
2 barbt m. guitar to be full, be filled; fill up the
burbur f. bubble (on the surface of water) room was filled with people
1 brbrj m. propeller (of a ship or airplane) burdzhagj m. turret
2 burburj m. 1 kindling 2 leaves (e.g., of the tamarisk) bardzh f. 1 whetstone, touchstone whetstone,
3 barbar 1 barbarian 2 m. a barbarian touchstone 2 cheek 3 kidney stones
4 barbar m. plural 1 brdz f. [plural: brdzi] peritoneum
barbs m. barbst m. 1 property; belongings, things 2 brachavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to anger;
success annoy, irritate
burbk m. thorn apple, hawthorn barch f. flat bayonet bayonet battle
burbkj m. military Fix bayonets! (as a command)
barbn 1 naked, bare 2 bare, without vegetation (of bartsr 1 evident, clear 2 raised (to the surface)
mountains) 3 obsolete easily armed, easily equipped, easily
instigated bartseravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
exhibit, show, display 2 to raise (to the surface)
87
bartsra feminine singular from barzkh m. 1 isthmus, neck (of land) 2 receptivity;
bartseredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to susceptibility
be exhibited, be shown, be displayed 2 to be raised, rise up (to the brz m. padded pants, quilted trousers
surface) burs m. 1
barh l existing, current (of a government, etc.) bars t m. 1 rainy season 2 monsoon monsoon
barkhst m. regional 1 closing (e.g., of a session) 2 firing, from India
removal (from a job) barst f. raincoat
barkhilf opposed (to someone, something) brest m. Brest (city)
despite that; counter to that (in defiance of that) barsar-i-itid r regional being in power, being in office
barkhlk m. fate, lot bursavl transitive
barkh m. 1 barsr obsolete
barkh st m. 2 barsr m. interface
barkhurd r 1.1 fortunate, happy, prosperous to barsern barsernj superficial, external
be happy, fortunate 1.2 making use of something 2 m. polite
barsra over, above, more than something; apart from, besides
son What is your son's name? something moreover, in addition
barkhna f.
brkha f. brkha f. 1 part; portion share; portion, 1 brsh m. barsh [plural: brash n plural: barash n]
lot shareholder; partner two
brush toothbrush compound verb
thirds in part, partially, by parts to
2 bursh m. cutting (out)
be a part of something to be divided in half, into
birisht roasted, fried, grilled to roast, fry, grill
two parts to divide into two equal parts,
brashavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to clean
split in half a to
with a brush
use something b to be worthy of something a to own a
britnav British
part; to be a shareholder b to promote, assist, be conducive to
britnij f. England Great Britain
something to play a large role to
bartarf dismissed (from a job), fired
be worthy of something to utilize something in full
measure to provide someone with something bartarafavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
to pass on to someone (inheritance); for someone to dismiss (from a job), fire
get what's coming to him 2 portion of land, allotment of land 3
bartaraf f. dismissal (from a job), firing
military flight (3-4 aircraft) sub-unit idiom to seek
bartarafedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
happiness
be dismissed (from a job), be fired
barkhakhr m. 1 co-owner 2 landowner 3 member of a
bar'ks on the contrary
commune
bar'alij contradictory
brkha larnkaj m. 1 participant 2 shareholder bragh m. 1 fold 2 layer
barkhamn having a portion burgh m. steppe cat (caracal)
bard r 1 a width of 2 wide, broad; of double width (of burgha f. steppe cat (the female) (caracal)
fabric)
barghuj m.
bard sht m. 1 patience 2 firmness, steadfastness 3 advance
barghazvi f. plural nonsense, foolishness
(in pay) a to endure, bear b to take an advance on
barghhaj m. upper jaw
your pay 4 introduction, forward (e.g., in a book)
barghn m. 1 notch (on a log, etc.) 2 wound (stab wound) 3
bardshtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] piece (of meat)
to endure, be patient
bargh m. 1 borer, drill, auger 2 bayonet
bardag f. slavery epoch of slavery burght m.
burdub j m. victory and defeat burcha f.
bard [plural: bardag n] 1 m. slave 2 f. female slave;
barghuj m. medicine mumps
female captive
barghvgaj m. earring
bara f. botany Periploca aphylla (a kind of bush)
barghlaj m. lid, cover (of a kettle, etc.)
barz l f. eyelid
barghnaj
88
barfpk m. snowplow barl saj strong, powerful, authoritative

barfd n m. reservoir for snow barlk m. scarecrow
barfk m. Barfak (village, town) barlh on behalf (of someone)
barfkch m. snow avalanche barln m. Berlin (city)
barf f. cream and sugar frozen in small bars (a kind of bram m. power to wear oneself out to
confection) grow weak (of a person)
bark m. Arabic 1 lightning 2 electricity electric barm f. Burma Union of Burma
light electric power station barm m. savage, barbarian
barkarr 1 established, founded bramat f. baramat (unauthorized) driving away of cattle, etc.
2 firm, hard compound verb to drive away cattle; to seize property
bararravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 barml m. Bar Mil (region in Paktia province)
to establish, found 2 to make fast, firm barmal
bararr f. 1 founding, establishment 2 firmness, hardness barmn
bararredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to barmntj f.
be founded, be established barmnavl denominative, transitive
bur' f. veil, yashmak (worn by Moslem women) barmnedl denominative, intransitive
barv l m. electrician birminghm m. Birmingham (city)
bur f. barm f. auger, gimlet auger (for drilling
bar 1 electric electric light stoplight wells) derrick a to drill b to cut through (air,
electrotherapy to electrify 2 m. electrician of an airplane propeller, etc.)
barakt m. Arabic [plural: barakatna Arabic plural: barmakr m. driller; drill operator
barak t] 1 blessing, benediction 2 influence barmakr f. drilling compound verb to
thanks to someone, because of someone 3 well-being, prosperity drill
barmaj used for or related to drilling, boring
Prosperity has left Zmaraj's house 4 proper noun Barakat bramjlj strong, great; mighty
barakat fruitful, fertile bern m. barn m. Bern (city)
barkun m. Barkunar (region) barnha barnhe in vain, for nothing
barka f. kind of fabric from camel fur birndzh m. brass
barakj f. large bag (for hauling straw) brand 1 cheerful 2 coquettish, playful 3 attentive 4 having
barak-bark m. Baraki-Barak (city) come out against someone 5 dialect opened wide (of the eyes)
barak-rdzh n m. Baraki Rajan (town or village) a to come out against someone; attack
1 brag 1 variegated, motley, many-colored; skewbald 2 m. someone dialect b to be wide-eyed
leper idiom to look at angrily brndavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
2 barg m. 1 leaf leaves are falling furrow one's brows; frown
leaves are are coming out 2 slice to cut into thin
brndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
slices (e.g., meat) 3 fighting equipment frown 2 to become angry
burgt m. proper name Burgut baran f. 1 veranda 2 deck
brigd m. birgd obsolete brigadier general 1 baranj 1 adjective yesterday last night, yesterday
bargandj m. evening 2 stale (of bread)
barguzid chosen, selected, elected; picked 2
baranj upper (living or located in the mountains)
bragstrgaj having a cataract on the eye mountain village
bargsht m. 1 return 2 turn, turning turning baranj volt f.
point 1 baroaj m. bundle of brushwood
bargta f. little finger, little toe 2 barvaj m.
1 barg f. 1 beam, girder 2 raft burdzh masculine plural Arabic from 1
2 brga 1 feminine singular from 1 1 2 feminine for 1 brok s m. radio broadcast; broadcasting
2 by radio, on the radio compound verb to
1 bragj m. leper broadcast over radio compound verb to be
bragjlj motley, variegated; spotted broadcast by radio
89
bara f. Ornithodorus (a kind of tick, carrier of typhus or tick bret m. moustache a twirl your moustache b
fever) figurative to make a show of bravery a to be
burz m. Arabic manifestation, disclosure, revelation; cowardly b to stint, grudge idiom a he
appearance to become manifest, be revealed; appear rejoiced (in) b he gave himself airs
bur m. britnij f.
bruksl m. Brussels (city) brekh m. Eastern 2
bronsht m. bronchitis 1 brid m. 1 attack, assault 2 beginning, starting point, access
barvaj m. 1 part of a bucket chain or noria 2 spot (of a a to attack b to approach something, begin something
wheel) 2 burd m. 1 separation 2 absence 3 border
barvj 1 sticky 2 figurative boring, tiresome a to briddzhenrl m. major-general
stick on, glue on b figurative to bore a to stick (to), briddzhenrl f. rank of major-general
adhere b figurative to be fed up, be bored baredl bredl intransitive [past: ] to grow (of living
bra feminine singular of 4 creatures, organisms)
burh n m. Arabic [plural: burhnna Arabic plural: bridlk m. foreward
barhn] convincing proof, argument to bridmn m. lieutenant 1st lieutenant
introduce convincing proof or arguments 2nd lieutenant 3rd lieutenant
bra khna f. bridman f. rank of lieutenant
baraga f. brez f. bug
barhm 1 mixed, mixed up 2 spoiled brezr m. morning, dawn
barezarj m. breakfast
brahmn m. Brahmin brezn m. breg n m. bleat, bleating to bleat
barhamavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1 breh m. 1 inflammation of the lungs, pneumonia
mix, mix up, confuse 2 to spoil 3 to ruin, destroy inflammation of the lungs, pneumonia 2 sharp pain in the side
barhamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to a to be ill with inflammation of the lungs, be ill with
be mixed, be mixed up, be confused 2 to be spoiled, spoil 3 to be pneumonia b to have a pain in the side
ruined 2
breh m. glitter, shine, gleaming a the glitter of
bra volt f. Upper Volta Republic of a sable figurative b flourishing arms a to shine, glitter,
Upper Volta gleam figurative b to flourish arms, threaten war
1
barj m. victory; success brhlik m. brehn lik ajiml e-mail
a to win a victory over someone, conquer, overcome someone b brhlik pta f. e-mail address
to overcome, master something
brehn
2
barr Arabic 1 land (as opposed to marine, air) brehn f. [plural: brehng ni plural:
ground army 2 continental continental climate
brehnv] 1 shine, glitter, gleam 2 lightning 3 electricity;
3
bar Arabic 1 innocent (of), not guilty 2 freed (from
electric light electric power station
obligations, etc.)
electric meter 4 proper name Brehna
barj f. brehnch m. electrician
barij-uz-zim Arabic 1 exonerated, found innocent 2
brehnv l electric
freed (from payment of a debt, from carrying out something) brehnd gleaming, shining, resplendent, dazzling
a to be justified b to be liberated, be freed (from
brehavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to shine,
payment of a debt, from doing something)
cause to glisten to admit rays of sunlight 2 to dazzle
barj la f. air hole, vent, safety value; smoke vent with brilliance figurative idiom to set the teeth on
barjlj 1.1 triumphant, victorious 1.2 succeeding in edge to flourish arms, threaten war
something; having achieved success a to triumph, win,
brehedl intransitive [past: ]1 to shine, glisten 2
conquer b to succeed, attain success to
to seem to be, be represented as something 3 to be visible
pass an examination 2 m. .1 victor; champion
I set my teeth on edge.
champion in racing 2.2 proper name Barjalaj
brehiz sawdgarj kr m. Electronic
barjlitb m. success, victory
Business Card
We wish them even greater success.
brek m. brake to brake, apply the brakes
90
barik b m. Barikab (town, village, region) busavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to

brikt m. brik m. brikt m. briquette anger 2 to annoy, vex 3 to upset, disconcert
briger m. colloquial brigadier general busedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
barilk m. certificate; diploma become angry 2 to be vexed, be annoyed 3 to be out of sorts, be
barajmn to conquer, achieve success disconcerted
ba m. banyan (tree) bavj feminine for
bs m. 1 vapor, steam water vapor, steam 2 bavjtb m. 1 looseness (of a woman) 2 procuring (said
evaporation fumes to be of a woman)
poisoned by charcoal fumes compound verb to bu f. 1
evaporate baaga f. greeting; inquiring after someone's health
ba na f. flame with smoke to greet someone, say hello to someone
baba 1 loudly; authoritatively, angrily to 1 buj m. Eastern rifle, gun; ten-shot rifle
speak loudly, angrily, with authority 2 Eastern often, constantly 2 buj f. rectal prolapse a to slip out of place (the
Come more often! Glad to see you! rectum) b figurative to (over) strain oneself; tire; be played out
bbj 1.1 loudly conversing 1.2 angered (of a camel) 2 figurative c to grow decrepit d figurative to become poor
m. roar, noise (of water) baj f. payment compound verb to pay, make payment
babs m. magnificence, grandeur compound verb to be paid
bubuhkj f. whirlwind; sandstorm, tornado bajjna f. payment
bubng 1 m. .1 horsetail, Equisetum 1.2 ruler, ferule (used bats 1 m. plural Baretsy (tribe) 2 m. Barets (tribe member)
for punishment in school) 2 figurative shallow, stupid 1 bets m. plural 1
babza f. violent trembling 2 betsj m. 2
babuzj m. insulting talk to say insulting things budl intransitive [past: ]to bellow, snort (of an angry
to insult, humiliate; offend with words; mock, scoff at camel)
babkiza f. pop-up (e.g., ads, menus) bainchgh m. 1 gyroscope; top (the toy) 2 swings 3
merry-go-round
bbukj f.
bch m. 1 wraith 2 sneezing a to bz m. buz m. [plural: bzna plural: bzna
buzna] goat
become angry at someone b to sneeze
bchavl transitive [past: ] to cause to sneeze bazz z m. Arabic trader in cotton textiles
bchedl intransitive [past: ] to become angry bazzz f. cotton textile trade cotton textile shop
bastn f. [plural: bastni] 1 blanket 2 figurative baz Arabic salivary glands
cover snow cover
bzbz m.
ba to laugh loudly, guffaw Everyone buzdl fainthearted, cowardly
laughed.
buzdil f. faintheartedness, cowardice
bagandj m. bagandj m. exchange of greetings buzrg bzrd 1 large, big; great; grandiose, mighty 2 m.
saint idiom Rajab (seventh month of the lunar year,
to exchange greetings, say hello
Muslim calendar)
bang word paired to
ba m. weaver's beam buzurgv r 1 respected 2 great
bav m. 1 profligate, libertine 2 procurer, pander, pimp buzurgvr f. buzurg f. greatness; mightiness
bavtb m. bavj f. 1 profligacy 2 pandering 3 buzghalj m. sprout, shoot
baseness a to be profligate b to pander c to commit
buzghndzh m. gall on the pistachio (tree)
some base act
bzghandzhr feeble, sickly; frail, puny; thin, emaciated
but m. botany Cyperus
he is frail; he's thin
bus bos 1 morose, gloomy; angry, sullen 2 irritated,
buzk m. karavajka (a kind of bird, ibis family, Plegadis
falcinellus)
annoyed 3 out of sorts very angrily, sternly
bustb m. bustj f. busv laj m. 1
buzkash f. buzkashi (literally: goat wrestling, a national
sport in which horsemen compete to carry the headless body of a
sternness, sullenness 2 vexation, annoyance 3 discomposure
goat to the goal)
bus-mus very angry, sullen
buzkj m.
91
bazgr bazgr m. [plural: bazgr plural: bazgar n bagaj

m. spasm; convulsion bgi a to be
plural: bazgr n] 1 peasant, farmer 2 sharecropper seized with convulsions or spasms b to get a cramp
bazgra f. peasant girl, peasant woman I've got a cramp in my leg. c figurative to be frightened d
bazgar f. 1 farming 2 sharecropping figurative to be nervous e figurative to be beside oneself
buzl transitive verb [past: ] 1 to quilt 2 to mend, figurative to burn with impatience
patch, sew on a patch l intransitive [past: ]1 to buzz (like insects) 2 to
buged
bazl f. drone (e.g., like an airplane) 3 to babble (a brook)
bazm m. feast, banquet bugednkaj
m. (electrical) buzzer
bazm lyric (of poetry) lyric poet 1 bas 1 indeclinable sufficient to end, finish; cease
biz f. 2 enough ! ! Enough! That'll do!
bzvl transitive [past: ] to play (on the violin, etc.) Okay! 3 conjunction only ... I have
1 bza f. she-goat idiom to shame someone, only one wish 4 particle and only, that's all! ! !
disgrace someone 2 that's the whole story for you; there you are, that's the whole story!
2 buz f. patch (on garments) 2 bus m. plural 1
3 bza f. moth bas often
4 baz f. fault, guilt; sin to sin bus a f.
5 bza bis t m. Arabic 1 bedding; thick broadcloth 2 furnishings,
buzh r m. buzzing (of insects) furniture 3 chessboard
bazag r m. culprit, sinner bas k m. botany anther (the part of the stamen that contains
bazag ra f. culprit, sinner (of a female) the pollen)
1 bizj m. knucklebone (of cattle) baslt m. Arabic bravery, courage, daring
2 bze plural of 1, 5 baslatmnd brave (in the title of a lieutenant)
3 buz plural of 2 bsbs f. botany mace
4 buz plural of 3 bspn m. bspna f. 1 donation, offering
5 baz plural of 4 to collect donations 2 material aid to a suffering kinsman 3 help
bazraj m. flag, banner (of a material sort) 4 grant, subsidy a to make an
bzhrkv laj m. offering b to render material assistance to a suffering kinsman c
bzhrkaj to help (materially) d to give a grant
buzh 1 indeclinable .1 torn, torn off 1.2 cut off 1.3 basp f. crumb
slaughtered 2 f. slaughter, massacre 2.2 sacrificial offering 1 bast m. personnel; staff permanent personnel
a to tear, tear off b to cut, chop off c to slaughter d to make 2 bast m. refuge, sanctuary
a sacrificial offering a to be torn off b to be cut off c to 3 bust m. Bust (city)
be slaughtered d to be brought as a sacrifice bust n m. 1 2 proper noun Bustan
bug m. bistar m. bistar f. 1 bed, couch 2 bed (of a river)
bugbug nk m. top (the toy) bistaraz bistarajz rated for a certain number of
bugdngj
m. mountain finch, brambling beds (of a hospital, etc.)
bgrkv l aj m. 1 energy, decisiveness 2 fury bistar pertaining to a bed; bedridden (of a patient); recumbent
bg rkaj 1 energetic, decisive 2 infuriated 1 bast f. 1 bunch, bundle; sheaf; pack 2 bolt, catch 3 leather
bglg
a f. shout, scream to shout, cry out briefcase (for books, writing materials)
bugnav
l transitive [past: ] 1 to frighten; cause to 2 bsta enough, that will do
tremble 2 to depress, cause extreme distress; disturb, upset, worry bastak r m. assembler, installer (of equipment)
bugned
l intransitive [past: ]1 to be frightened; be bastakrkhn f. assembly shop (in a factory)
startled 2 to be depressed, be extremely distressed; be worried bastakr f. assembly, installation
bugav l transitive [past: ] to fling, throw, chuck bastj f. sufficiency to be sufficient; to satisfy
bg va f. Afghan fox, vixen, Vulpes nana basr f. hawk used for hunting
bug bisk masculine plural
bugah r m. 1 2 drone (e.g., of an airplane) 3 baskib l m. basketball
babbling (of a brook) baskr m. avenger
92
baskra f. voluntary help (e.g., during wheat harvest, road bshptb m. bshptj f. 1 fullness, sufficiency
building) 2 completeness, finish 3 perfection; superiority 4 full value 5
biskt bisk biskt m. plural 1 cookies 2 maturity 6 satisfactory (e.g., of requirements)
spongecake, biscuits bshpk clever, bright, quick-witted to
basked m. plural completion, end, conclusion; cessation talk like an adult (of a child)
bismill Arabic 1 in God's name in the bshpv laj m.
name of God (who is) the most gracious and the most merciful bshpavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
(words with which Muslims begin some activity) 2 f. beginning make full, make exhaustive; to exhaust 2 to finish, complete;
to begin something, undertake something fulfill 3 to satisfy (e.g., requirements) 4 to develop
basmk m. murrain, cattle plague bshpavna f.
bismll Arabic 1 slaughtered (of cattle) 2 brought as sacrifice bshpedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a to slaughter (cattle) b to bring as a sacrifice be full, be exhaustive 2 to be completed, be fulfilled 3 to be
a to be slaughtered; to be brought as sacrifice satisfied (of requirements) 4 to be developed
basnl m. trickery; deception to trick, deceive
bshpena f. m. bshped plural 1
basna f. completion, end 2 development
bisvs f. bisvasa (a unit of area equal to 1/20 of a bisva or 1
bashr m. Arabic person nu'-i humanity,
488 square meters) humankind, the human race
basv l m. bus driver 2 bashr m. body
basv laj m. sufficiency, satisfactoriness bashr plnkaj humane, philanthropic
bisv f. bisva (unit of area equal to 1/20 of a jerib or 975 basharpezhandna f.
square meters) bashardst m. humanist
basj 1 sufficient 2 regional processed, cultivated, tilled 3 bashardost f. humaneness, philanthropy
regional populated, settled a to satisfy b regional to humanism
cultivate, work, till c regional to populate, settle a to basharshins f. 1 anthropology 2 ethnography
be sufficient b regional to be cultivated, be tilled c to be bushruj f. bushruya (a kind of handcrafted fabric)
populated bashr f. Eastern 1 face, physiognomy; exterior; (outward)
bisj r a lot; very appearance 2 biology thin skin, epidermis
bisjrkhr voracious, gluttonous bashar Arabic 1 human human society 2
basjv laj m. satisfaction with something humanitarian idiom work force
to be satisfied with something basharijt m. Arabic humanity, mankind
basedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be bush b m. dish
enough, to suffice 2 to end, be ending, be completed; to cease bshak l m. regional 1 rainy season 2 monsoon
baser f. 1 twilight (when birds return to their nests) 2 nest; bshakl f. regional harvest year, good year (for a crop)
perch, roost to sit on a perch 3 stay of a bird at its perch bshka f. botany 1 lepidium (a genus of herbs) 2 Erophila
4 night's lodging (usually of bird hunters) bshl m. bushel
bast Arabic 1 wide, broad 2 simple, uncomplicated, bashndzh m. reputation, fame, honor
elementary bashr suffering night blindness
basitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to bahv
be wide, be broad 2 to be simple, be elementary; become simpler buhtna f. 1 quagmire, bog, swamp 2 being stuck (in a
bash m. main beam, girder quagmire, swamp)
bashsh sh Arabic cheerful; animated, lively buhtavl transitive
bashshsht m. Arabic cheerfulness; gaiety, merriment; buhtedl intransitive
animation, gusto cheerfully; in a lively or animated bakhak l m.
manner bahak l f.
bush l m. honeysuckle bahkla f. unpleasantness; misfortune, disaster
bshp 1 full, complete, exhaustive 2 finished, completed, bhglav f. 1 security 2 quiet, calm
fulfilled 3 utmost, every possible 4 perfect, absolute; superior 5 bahl transitive
of full value 6 adult, mature, grown up 7 satisfied (e.g., of
requirements)
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bahna f. forgiveness, pardon He said baghdr m. 1 [plural: baghdr] hammer [plural: ]

he was sorry, but he must leave religion to pray 2 [plural: bughdarna] dumbbell (for exercise)
for the repose of the departed bgharg dialect
basrt m. Arabic sharp-sightedness; perspicacity bghargavl transitive
basr m. Arabic plural from bghargolj twin, one who is a twin
basr f. Arabic Basra (city, Iraq) bghrga f. 1 valley between two mountains 2 woman who
basr Arabic 1 seeing 2 penetrating, perspicacious 3 clever; has borne twins bghargedl intransitive
knowledgeable bughrndzh complicated, mixed up
basirt m. Arabic 1 vision, sight 2 perspicacity 1 bughr f. veil, yashmak; shawl to wear a veil,
to show one's perspicacity 3 knowledge, (possession of) put on a veil
information 2 baghra f. burrow (of a rabbit)
basirmn observant 1 bagharj m. swearword procurer, pander, pimp
basir f. Arabic 2 baghrj f. 1 mortar 2 mortar for husking rice
batr f. batrij f. battery bughz m. Arabic enmity, hatred; malice hatred
butl n m. Arabic 1 vanity 2 worthlessness, uselessness 3 of enemies
annulment, invalidity bughzijt m. bitterness, animosity
batn m. Arabic 1 anatomy ventricle heart ventricle to embitter someone, arouse someone's animosity
2 belly, paunch baghl m. 1 armpit 2 side, edge on the side (of a
batn Arabic anatomy abdominal, visceral swim road, etc.) 3 edge (of material); curb 4 embrace idiom
bladder a to avoid someone b not to support someone
bta f. duck baghl n m. Baghlan (city) Baghlan Province
bat Arabic slow slowly to slow down baghalkashh f. baghalgir f. embrace
(of movement) to embrace (someone) to hug one
batit f. larva, grub; maggot another
ba's m. Arabic 1 incitement 2 reason, cause 3 religion bughm f. envy
resurrection baghan f. lambskin
ba'sunshr m. religion resurrection bughavl transitive [past: ] to force someone to cry
ba'd bd Arabic after, afterward in future, out
henceforward after every six months bughah r m. shouts, cries, wails
ba'z Arabic certain, some sometimes; from time to 1 bughj f. horn
time 2 bagh Arabic rebellious
b'zn sometimes, at times, from time to time bughedl intransitive [past: ] to shout; begin shouting,
b'zi b'ze certain months cry out
ba'd Arabic far, removed, distant shar-i the Far baghjr preposition besides; except; without
East grammar pluperfect, past perfect tense except us
ba'ajna regional exactly, precisely Besides women, there was no one in the house
1 bgh m. heron bagh suspicious
2 bugh m. roar, howl; cry, shout bu open to open (e.g., the eyes)
bghrg ba f. Arabic 1 duration, length 2 eternity, immortality
bugh ra f. cry; outcry to cry out, shout; to howl, a to last, continue b to be eternal, be immortal 3 existence
wail he cried out, he started wailing bakk l m. Arabic grocer; greengrocer
baghvt m. Arabic insurrection, strike, revolt, mutiny baj m. Arabic plural 1 from scraps,
baghbagh sandpiper leftovers, remnants 2 survivals
bughbughj m. 1 honking (of an automobile) 2 horn, bugle; bab m. 1
trumpet, pipe buch f.
baghd d m. Baghdad (city) ba f.
baghddj baghdd adjective (of) Baghdad idiom baij f. [plural: baij Arabic m. plural: baj ]
turtledove Arabic 1 remainder 2 debt, arrears
94
1
bak m. chatter, gossip; nonsense to speak bug m. gadfly
nonsense bugavl transitive
2 buk 2 bga f. blackberries; bramble, blackberry bush
bak f. frog bungdl
bak raj m. courier 1 bogur f. attack of dog (with howling and snarling)
bakvl m. regional cook 2 bagur tousled, dishevelled (of the hair)
bakj m. bakja f. Indian ash-tree, Indian lilac, bago f. curds, cottage cheese
melia azedarach bgo f.
bakbakj m. chatterbox, gossip bgoj m. buffalo calf
baktr m. armor; armor-plating bagva f.
bakter f. & m. bakterij f. bagj f. carriage, buggy, two-wheeled cart
bakterjolozh f. bagjkhn f. building or place where carriages are kept
bakterij f. bgl m. 1 quail that has been defeated in battle 2 deserter
bakra f. bakrj f. flint bagin m. plural
1 baks m. handbag, purse; drawer; box briefcase bagjv l m. bagjv n m. 1 coachman 2
( change) purse, wallet military map case drayman
2 baks obsolete 1 insignificant 2 a few, not many 1
bal burning, on fire
bakskaj a few, not many, a little 2
bl 1 other, different a other, different b in another
bksing m. boxing way someone else another time one
bakalore f. baccalaureate, bachelor's degree after another by one another, at one another's
bakv f. bakv f. 1 dry, parched earth 2 regional they are living together they are in love
Bakva with each other di they love each other; they
baka f. kurkut (dried balls of strained sour milk) are dear to one another mutual respect
1 bukavl denominative, transitive mutually, with each other mutual agreement
2 bukavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make they have gathered together
hunchbacked; arch, hunch; make prominent, make protuberant, Eastern from one another to depart, go
make hunched up away from each other to each other 2 next, following
bukj a f. (day, year, etc.) a (on) the next day b the future
1
bukedl denominative, intransitive day after tomorrow next year next week
bukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be 3 another's saying literal don't burn
hunchbacked; be arched, be hunched; be protuberant, be prominent your ears in someone else's soup figurative don't interfere in
bg bread, crumbled into ajran (a drink made from sour milk) someone else's business idiom ... it must be added
bug h m. mediation to be (a) mediator; settle a that ... ... and here's something else ,
conflict; reconcile moreover
1 bugt m. means, way in such a way, in this way 3
bal Arabic conjunction and particle 1
2 bgt stupid; shallow (of a person) 1
bal f. Arabic 1 misfortune, disaster to
bgat singer of folk songs (in particular the bagati) encounter misfortune ! let all your misfortunes fall on
bugta f. business, matter me!; I'm ready to do anything for you! (an expression of
bagat f. bugt folk song (performed by two singers) obedience, agreement) a to suffer misfortune b to
bagr m. custom, habit grow poor, become impoverished 2 witch, hag
bagr m m. Bagram (city) the Evil one devil; wood-goblin !
bagrm m. plural Bagrami (town near Kabul) saying one hag said to another: Aaghh! (both are pretty) 3
bagj f. turban a to put on a turban b to wear a (conversational) piece, item, gimmick What sort of
turban idiom to disgrace oneself a thing is that? What is it? idiom Sanak is very
! I wish you success! greedy ! I wish you success!
bagjgl m. camomile ! He was lucky; he might have drowned!
bigl m. regional music horn, bugle to be outstanding in something !
bagalolj f. 1 You have shown (us) wonders!
buglj m. baglj heron 2
bal word paired with
95
3
bil Arabic preposition, prefix without without blkh f. textiles warp
exception without delay bald m. Arabic 1 m. .1 guide; conductor; escort 1.2 country,
bilihtir z Arabic carelessly, incautiously, imprudently nation 1.3 city 2.1 being knowledgeable about something;
bilistisn Arabic without exception, making no exception knowing something; being acquainted with someone or something
balbatr m. 1 odds and ends, all kinds of things 2 rubbish, he knows these people very well 2.2
trash, junk accustomed; mastered; having adapted to
baltn m. Balaton (lake) buldozr m. bulldozer
biltavaf Arabic urgently baladavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
blrbv laj m. acquaint with, familiarize 2 to train, school (in)
blbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 1 balad f. Arabic small town, locality
fertilize; impregnate; to cover 2 balda f. feminine singular from 2
bl rba 1 balad Arabic municipal, (of the) city; communal
blbedl denominative, intransitive 2 baladj m. Baladaj (village near Qandahar)
bul ra f. hunting decoy (bird) balad saying the same thing happened to him as to the
bilshat Arabic unconditional unconditional shepherd from Baladi (this shepherd was known for his greed,
surrender which always turned out to his disadvantage)
bal gh m. Arabic communication; notification baladijt m. Arabic knowledge of something; familiarity with
balght m. Arabic eloquence someone, with something he is familiar
balghn m. [plural: balghunn] botany Bengal with this work
quince, marmelo baladedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
blk m. 1 politics bloc to create a bloc 2 informed, be knowledgeable; be acquainted with someone or
group (of settlements) something; become acquainted 2 to get used to; familiarize
bilkamukst without a pass (oneself); adapt (oneself)
bilngh Arabic bilngh regularly, without baladij f. Arabic municipal authority; municipality; city
change; without fail council municipal authority, municipality, city council
bl nda f. girl who has come of age rasi-i head of the municipal authority; mayor of the
blngaj m. dormouse city; chairman of the city council
bila f. moan, groan baladijav municipal, (of the) city; communal
bilvsit Arabic direct, straight bilng m. tall building
bal vahlaj 1 remaining idle, loafing 2 m. loafer, idler, blrzv laj m. distinction, difference
sponger blargh m. not in agreement
1
bulbl m. 1 nightingale nightingale 2 blsab m. day after tomorrow
"bulbul" (name given a number of birds with bright plumage or blsh nta in another way, a different way, otherwise
which sing beautifully) bolshevzm m.
2 balbl shining, gleaming, lustrous bolshevk m.
3 blbl 1 varied, diverse 2 different, all kinds bulagh Arabic eloquent; expressive
1 bulbla f. female nightingale bulgh r gentle breeze, zephyr (in the spring)
2 balbal f. dance of the Wazirs bulghrist n m.
balbalj m. torch, flare bulghr 1 Bulgarian the Bulgarian language 2 m.
bildzhik m. Belgium Bulgar, Bulgarian (person)
bildzhik bildzhukj 1 Belgian 2 m. Belgian (person) bulgh rij f. bulghrij f. Bulgaria
bildzhijm m. bulgh ka f. 1 noise; shouting; wailing 2 mourning
bl chri in another place a to make noise; to shout; wail b to mourn (over)
bldzjg another's; strange, alien balghm m. Arabic phlegm; mucus (e.g., from the nose)
balkh m. Balkh (city and region) Balkh province bal m.
Balkh river bils f. proper noun Bilkis, Belkis
balkh b m. Balkhab region 1 blk
balkh sh m. Lake Balkhash 2 balk m. dialect glistening, shining to glisten,
blkhv Eastern 1 in the other direction 2 on the other side sparkle
96
blkmshr m. baluchist n m.
1 blki 1 adversative conjunction but, but also baluch
not three but four pupils came 2 emphatic 1 balts m. 1 Baluchi (person) 2 proper noun Baluts
particle (and) even 2 blots m.
2 balka f. dialect campfire 1 baltsa f. 1 Baluchi (female) 2 proper noun Balutsa
balg m. leaf (of a tree, etc.) 2 bltsa f.
belgr d m. Belgrade (city) baluts
bl gadz m. day after tomorrow in the morning (morning blodl transitive
after next) blvda f. stumbling; getting stuck to stumble
ball transitive [present: past: ] 1 to name, bulr m. Arabic 1 crystal 2 cut glass, crystal
enumerate 2 to call; invite; convoke bulur bulurn Arabic 1 (of) crystal, crystalline 2 (of)
I was invited to dinner 3 to consider, suppose, crystal, cut glass
think to consider it better, prefer something 4 to blos m. blaus 1 collision; touching, contact 2 insulting;
announce 5 to sing loudly, sing cheerfully to sing (folk) causing distress
songs blosl blausl [past: ] 1 to touch, brush against 2
blalgj f. 1 woman who gives birth each year 2 cattle which to rub, rub down, massage 3 to cause revulsion; alienate
give increase each year (someone); irritate 4 to bite (of a dog)
blmgaj blmnga tasteless, flavorless blosv laj m. blausv laj hostility, enmity; repulsion,
blndza f. saxaul (Haloxylon, a small tree or shrub of Central antipathy to nourish a hatred, nourish an antipathy
Asia) blosavl blausavl transitive [past: ] to evoke
bilnd bulnd 1.1 high, tall; exalted 1.2 loud, resounding 1.3 enmity; to alienate (someone); to irritate
figurative successful, unusual 2 m. proper noun Biland, Buland blsa f. 1 2
bilandpj excellent, outstanding blosedl blausedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to
bilandparv z flying high, soaring collide, run into; brush against; touch 2 to be distressed, be out of
bilandparvz 1 high-altitude flight 2 (upward) flight, sorts 3 to hate; nourish hostility, nourish antipathy 4 to interfere,
take-off idiom literal & figurative the meddle 5 to encroach upon (someone, something), infringe 6 to
empyrean, the highest reaches of heaven offend, insult (someone)
blndra f. Afridi 1 invitation 2 blndra f. reception; blosedna f. 1 collision; brushing (against), grazing 2
entertaining (as by a host) distress, disorder, confusion 3 hatred; revulsion, enmity, hostility
bilandhimmt 1 valiant 2 noble; magnanimous balt m. Arabic 1 oak (lithocorpus) 2 acorn
bilandhimmat f. 1 valor 2 nobility; magnanimity bulgh m. Arabic maturity, manhood; ripeness; majority
1 biland f. height, altitude (coming of age) before coming of age
2 bilandj m. proper noun Bilandaj blk m. bulk military platoon sapper
blang 1 fresh, young, green 2 bright (of colors) 3 beautiful, platoon
attractive buluk t m. plural suburbs suburbs of Kabul
balnlk m. (written) invitation blok d m. blockade, encirclement economic
balna f. 1 naming, enumeration 2 invitation; summons; call 3 blocade to blockade, encircle, surround
announcement; pronouncement 4 reception evening blukmshr m. bulukmshr military lieutenant
reception bluk buluk adjective military (of a) platoon
1
bal m. proper noun Balo proverb literal platoon column
When there were no brave men, even Balo became a leader balavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to set on fire
figurative When there are no fish, even a crab is a fish baln m.
2 bilv m. bilngaj m. kind of polecat, Vormela peregusna
balv f. disorder; disturbance; sedition, revolt to create 1 bal f. regional bayonet; pike, lance
disturbances; instigate rebellion 2 bla feminine singular of 1
baludzhist n m. Baluchistan (province, Iran) 3 bla feminine singular of 2
baludzhi 1 adjective Baluchi 2.1 m. Baluchi (person) 2.2 bulhavs Arabic capricious, whimsical, fickle;
f. Baluchi (language) greedy, stingy, miserly
balch m. 1
97
1
balj f. 1 cornice; eaves 2 pole (for pushing a boat) 3 bolt, 1
bin f. Arabic 1 building, structure 2 basis
bar 4 roof on this basis on the basis of something
2 bal Arabic particle yes, certainly a to plan, contemplate, undertake; decide;
bilj rd m. billiards; billiard table he decided to go b to undertake something a to be
blechn m. history sling (weapon) built b to be based on something 3 philosophy
baledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to burn; catch superstructure
fire 2 bann m. Arabic mason; builder
bleghdl intransitive 1 to be wrapped in swaddling clothes 2 ban t m. (heavy, coarse) cloth
to become entangled, become confused bant-un-n'sh m. Arabic plural astronomy the Big and
bleghadavl transitive bleghadavl 1 to swaddle, Little Bear (i.e., Ursa Major and Ursa Minor)
wrap in swaddling clothes 2 to entangle, confuse bant of (coarse) cloth
bilt m. ticket banrs m. 1 Varanasi (India) 2 proper name Banaras 3
balgh Arabic eloquent; expressive striped silk
baligh considerable, large, big binjt m. Arabic building
1 bum m. 2 bin'aljhi Arabic in view of what has been said, in view of
2 bam m. [plural: bamna plural: bam n] bomb the foregoing
atomic bomb hydrogen bomb bambl m. plural dialect 1 awn, beard (of corn, grain) 2
high explosive bomb incendiary bomb sheaf (of wheat); tuft (of grass)
to drop bombs, bomb; bombard bint f. [plural: bnti] Arabic plural daughter
3 bam m. low tone; bass (voice) bink m. flick (of the fingers); insult, slight, blow
bam achavnkaj adjective bombing 1 bandzh m. 1 horse chestnut 2 henbane
bombardier 2 bandzh m. bandzh trade
bamand z m. 1 obsolete bomb-thrower 2 depth-charge gun bandzhrag f. fancy goods, haberdasher's trade
bomb m. 2 haberdashery, fancy goods
bamb r m. bamb rd m. bombardment 1 bandzhr f. haberdashery; fancy goods
compound verb compound verb 2 bandzhr m. regional tradesman in grocery items
to undergo bombardment to subject to bandzhkh m. thick branches
bombardment 1 bundzhj m. 1 person with a small nose 2 person with a
bambrdmn adjective bombardment collapsed nose (due to syphilis)
bambrdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 2 bandzhj f. botany cassia
bomb, bombard bench m.
bambr f. bombardment to bomb, bombard bunchk m. basis, essence
to subject to bombing to 1 bundzj m. son of one wife (under polygamy), stepson
undergo bombing 2 bundzj f. daughter of one wife (under polygamy),
bambr kavnkaj stepdaughter
bambra f. hornet band 1 m. .1 bonds, ties, nets 1.2 incarceration 1.3 captivity,
bambl m. plural 1 botany ear without seed, seedless ear 2 bondage to
inflorescence of corn 3 panicle of a reed 4 thick beard free from imprisonment, free from captivity 1.4 dam, weir 1.5
bambolj m. wicker corn-bin anatomy joint rheumatic fever 1.6 node (on the stem
bamb f. pump of a plant) 1.7 bandage, binding 1.8 spell, incantation 1.9
bamba f. Bombay (city) measure; size 1.10 geography mountain range, ridge a to
bampr m. 1 bumper, buffer 2 shock absorber build a dam, dam b to take measures c to decide, make a decision
bamlj f. balmy (a small drum held under the arm) ... they have decided that d to prepare
1 bum f. pike, lance (something) 2 predicate .1 blocked (of a roadway); closed, cut
2 bma f. dialect 2 off (of movement); closed (e.g., of a border) 2.2 cut short,
1 bin m. Arabic son stopped; held back, restrained 2.3 forbidden (of a custom, etc.)
2 bn f. one of the wives (in relation to another under polygamy) 2.4 arrested, imprisoned 2.5 captured 2.6 stuck (in a swamp,
3 bon m. bonn Bonn (city) mudhole) 3 attributive stuffy, close, sultry, stifling
a stuffy room
98
band m. punishment bandij t f. imprisonment to pardon

band zh m. 1 tire, band (of metal) 2 bandage 3 dressing; bandijnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
binding military individual field dressing, first-aid arrest, imprison
packet to apply a dressing, dress (a wound) banditb m. arrest, imprisonment
bandubst m. bandikhn f. prison
bandbnd by part, in parts bandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to close,
bandpsor m. bandwidth be closed he became silent 2 to be blocked (of a
roadway); be closed off (of movement) 3 to be cut short, be
banddzh m.
stopped, be restrained 4 to be prohibited (of a custom, etc.) 5 to
bandkh m.
be arrested, be imprisoned, be thrown in prison 6 to be captured 7
bandkhn f.
to fall into, get caught in (e.g., a net, a snare) 8 to get stuck (in a
bandr m. 1 port, harbor 2 approach, access (road), pass (in
swamp, in a quagmire) 9 to shut oneself up; close up
the mountains) 3 parking place; halting place; moorage 4 center
(e.g., for trade)
bandz m. 1 obstacle, hindrance; limitation
bandara'b s m. Bender-Abbas (Iran, city) economic limitations to remove the obstables,
limitations 2 struggle, campaign (e.g., against rumors) 3 dialect
bandarg h m. port; harbor
medicine constipation
bandar 1.1 adjective port 1.2 obtained through the Persian
Gulf (of goods) 2 f. kind of imported chintz
bandigar f. slavery, enslavement
bandzh m. dressing station bandiv n m. 1 prisoner, person under arrest 2 captive
bandsh m. 1 obstacle 2 blockade (e.g., economic) 1 ban r m. feast, banquet to arrange a feast, feast
bandht m. 1 stagnation, standstill 2 dead-end (e.g., in 2 ban r m. chat
negotiations) banrkhna f. chatroom
bakd m. history musket banr m. carouser; convivial fellow
bandakj m. botany mare's tail, Equisetum banl m. 1 bundle, bunch, pack 2 skein (of thread) 3 bale,
bandag n masculine plural from package
bandag f. slavery bna f. part, portion, share
bandv laj m. 1 interment, arrest 2 captivity 3 jamming 1 bnzj m. 1
the lock is beginning to jam 2 bnzj f. 2
bandubs m. colloquial bandubst m. bandobst 1 benzn m. plural gasoline
measure 2 organization, arrangement a to take bnz m. 1 foundation 2 figurative basis, foundation 3
measures; put through a measure b to arrange, organize philosophy base, basis
bandkh m. benghz m. Benghazi (city, Libya)
bandavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
1
binfsh
barricade (the roadway); cut off (motion, movement); close (e.g., a binafsh f. violet
border) 2 to cut short, suspend, halt; restrain, hold back binafsh adjective violet (color)
to hold back payment to halt an attack bank m.
3 to forbid (a custom, etc.) 4 to arrest, incarcerate, imprison 5 to bank k m. Bangkok (city, Thailand)
capture 6 to drag in, suck in (of a swamp, mudhole) 7 to imprint, 1 bang m. 1 Indian hemp 2 hashish
impress idiom to expound, set forth; describe 2 bng m. bung 1 buzzing (of insects) 2 jingling; strumming
bandavl denominative, transitive to log off

2 3 whispering
band m. [plural: plural: bandag n] 1 slave,

3 bang combined with
slave-laborer; bondsman 2 religion God's slave; simple person,
bang l m. Bengal Bay of Bengal
otherworldly person
bangatj f. 1 desert brambling (a kind of finch) 2 kind of
children's game
bandag f.
1 band 1.1 arrested, imprisoned 1.2 taken captive 2 m. .1 bang f. dance (among the Hataki, a tribe in the Kandahar
region)
person under arrest; prisoner to arrest, imprison, lock up
2.2 captive to take prisoner, capture
bangj m. bracelet
2 bandj f. 1 (female) person under arrest, prisoner 2 bangj-bangj collapsed, in ruins; destroyed
(female) captive 3 neckerchief 4 regional bracelet
99
bangiv l m. 1 trader in bracelets 2 magician 3 bunerv l m. inhabitant of the Buner region

traveling showman with a trained monkey binj f. Arabic 1 build, frame, (bodily) constitution 2 bunj a
bangh 1 m. plural the Bangashes (tribe) 2 m. Bangash structure b position, situation
(tribesman) 1 ba m. garden, orchard
bangah t m. plural history area of the Bangash 2 b m. 2
bangha 1 feminine for 2 proper noun Bangasha 3 bu m. rope (made of rush, etc.)
bangal f. 1 bungalow, villa; little house 2 palace brzh m. brezhn m. moult, moulting (of birds)
banga f. 3 bas t m. gardener
bangraj m. 1 bustrgaj weak-sighted, having poor eyesight
bangok m. fortuneteller, soothsayer 1 baka f. feather a to fight (e.g., of fighting
bngavl bungavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to cocks) b figurative to quarrel
buzz, cause to hum 2 to cause to jingle 2 bak f. 2
bung
1
f. 1 bukj m. 2
2 bnga f. 1 2 bakj f. (small) garden
1 bang m. 1 drug addict 2 figurative person drunk with bav l m. gardener
love; someone in love buavl transitive
2
bang m. sweeper, yardman 1 ba f. 1 face; aspect, appearance a to grow pale,
3
bungj m. harp change countenance he grew pale; he changed
4
bungj m. 1 buzzing (of insects) 2 jingling, strumming countenance b to fade, turn yellow, wither c figurative to show
idiom to be shy cowardice, take fright 2 aspect, image, form
5 bangj m. roan horse a to change, change countenance he has
6 bang m. Bangi (city) changed greatly; he's completely unrecognizable b figurative to
bungedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to buzz (of insects) 2 a to change, to be transformed b to
be lost, be confused
to jingle change (one's clothes) to take on the appearance or
1 ban f. Banow, Banu, (town, region) the form of something 3 nature (of a person) idiom
2 ban m. Arabic 1 a to die b to grow weak, weaken (of a person) idiom
3 bno oblique plural from 2 ! I wish you a long life!
banuchj m. banutsj m. Banuchi (inhabitant of 2 ba f. 1 feather (of a bird) to moult (of birds) 2
Banow) fin (of a fish)
binavh m. [plural: binavh n] ash tree buh r m. 1 buzzing (of insects) 2 whispering 3 muttering
ban m. bann 1 ba alvtaj 1 grown pale; having a changed countenance
1 ban m. Arabic singular & plural son; sons; descendents 2 faded, turned yellow; withered 3 figurative having shown
people, mankind the whole human cowardice, having been frightened
race Jews baaba various, diverse; all kinds of to vary,
2 banj f. bellows (of a blacksmith) idiom to diversify to be varied, be diversified
become poor, impoverished idiom saying to 1 bj m. weeping willow
perform some worthless task; to dress up an old woman 2 baj m. gardener
bunj d m. Arabic foundation, basis compound verb baj half-opened, slightly opened to open slightly
idiom to eradicate; destroy right down to the to be opened slightly
foundation his whole family perished baj r m. dyer
banidm m. Arabic singular & plural people, mankind bajlj beautiful; bright; well-dressed, elegant
banidamtb m. human qualities baechgh m.
bunjd basic; fundamental buedl intransitive [past: ]1 to buzz (of insects) 2 to
bunjdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be whisper 3 to mutter
created, be founded bazh m.
banj n m. 1 knitwear, knitted item 2 jersey 3 t-shirt, baj m. [plural: plural: bajag n] shopkeeper,
(sailor's) striped vest petty tradesman
banjnbf f. knitwear production 1
bav m. 1 scarecrow 2 boogeyman (an imaginary being used to
bunr m. Buner (region) frighten children)
100
2
bau bo interjection goo-goo! (interjection used to make a baby budz m. shoemaker, cobbler
smile) bu rangavnkaj m. bootblack (a person who shines
3 bu m. 1 boots or shoes)
4 bu m. 1 thorn, prickle 2 syphilis busur m. plural chaff
5 bo separable part of the verb buka f. girl
bo m. boa (constrictor) bukj m. 1
buvraj m. 1 young animal weaned from its mother 2 skin, ban botanical gardens
hide, pelt buvrbuz f. dissatisfaction to
bavsr m. Arabic plural hemorrhoids express your dissatisfaction to someone
bav's m. Arabic plural from 1
baj m. 1 bush 2 plant (general designation)
bulhavs Arabic 1.1 capricious 1.2 lightheaded 1.3 bi weeds bi medicinal plants botany
sensual 2 m. .1 capricious person 2.2 lightheaded, flighty botanist a to uproot; root out b figurative to
person 2.3 sensual nature extirpate, eliminate 3 brushwood 4 [plural: bi] thickets 5
bulhavasnk f. bulhavas f. 1 capriciousness pattern, design (embroidered or drawn) idiom ! Go
2 flightiness 3 sensuality away! Get lost! idiom Poor Ahmed is
bob pure, unadulterated pure Pashto altogether ruined.
bobavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to clean, 2 buj m. 1 crop-eared animal 2 miscarriage
free from impurities 3 boj m. fillet (steak)
1
bob f. money in the money-box (saved at home and put to no buipoh nd m. botanist
use) bud wearing European footwear
2 bba feminine singular of bodzh m. 1 burden, weight 2 volume, dimension
bobj f. sister (addressing an older sister or an elderly woman) bavudzhd despite, in spite of
bobedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be 1 budzh f. 1 stopper, plug 2 gag
cleaned, be freed from impurities 2 bodzh m. regional burden, weight
1 but m. young man budzhj f. bag, purse
2 but m. 2 buch m. 1 animal with a clipped ear or ears; animal with a
3 bot past of 1 mutilated muzzle 2 person with a flattened or sliced nose
but m. snout, muzzle; mug buchkhj m. scarecrow (in a garden)
1 butkj 1 m. lad, youth 2 having grown a bit to buch m. kind of small melon
grow up (a bit) 1 buchaj m. sluice gate (of an irrigation ditch)
2 butkj 1 f. girl 2 feminine singular from 1 2 2 buchj m. young snake
3 butkj f. 2 buchk m. kind of melon
butl m. [plural: butalna plural: butal n] 1 buchaj m. miller's helper
Western bottle 2 buchu f. portion of ground flour (a remuneration for the
botll transitive [past: , imperative perfective ] miller's helper)
perfective of 1 buchj m. 2 1
botlaj past participle from budz buts 1 angry, enraged 2 insulted 3 sticking out
1 bot f. (usually refers to the ears) 4 having pricked up one's ears
2 bta f. girl a to be angry, be infuriated b to be offended c to stick out,
3 bot past from 1 protrude a to bristle; get into a fight b to be shy, be
4 bta feminine past of 1 timid; feel uncomfortable (of a woman who has caught sight of
1 botj m. young camel outsiders)
2 btj Western past of 1 bodzl m. stone wall, stone fence
1 bu morose, sullen He is morose. buts
2 bu m. [plural: buna plural: bu n] Western butsakj m. 1 2 pommel (of a saddle)
shoe, footwear a pair of shoes a butsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to anger,
shoe factory a shoe factory infuriate 2 to insult 3 suspiciously to prick up one's ears
bub m. person who collects brushwood for fuel butsedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
bup lish m. regional boot polish become angry; be enraged 2 to be offended 3 to protrude (said
101
usually of ears) He listened carefully. He 2 bavr m. 1 leopard 2 proper name Bavr

pricked up his ears. 3 bor m. fruit 1 3
bukht bukht 2 4 bur m. 6
bukhtavl transitive 5 bor m. caliber
bukht f. to marinate, soak for shish kebob (meat) 6 bor m. waist, loins idiom ! Out of my sight!
bukhtedl intransitive he's very tired
bukhtsj f. 1 bavr 1 m. moth 2 f. butterfly
1 bud m. 1 being, existence, life 2 exaction, (money) recovered 2 bur f. cellar; basement
3 proceeds (from selling something) compound verb born f. bornj f. dish made from eggplant with
meat and sour milk
2 bud m. storehouse for hay (plastered with clay) borbukj f. burbukj f.
3 bud m. 1 quick-wittedness 2 bright, clever person bordzhl m. [plural: bordzhalna f. plural:
clever person, sensible person to know the point of bordzhli] 1 dwelling; habitation 2 trench 3 ambush
something burchan f. woman whose baby died in infancy
bud m. 1.2 burkhng m. tub, trough (for mixing dough); kneading
budpst m. Budapest (city) trough; unleavened dough
budj bord m. bor m. 1 sign, signboard 2 commission,
budtn m. (heathen) temple council
buddzhav budget-related, budgetary; relating to a financial borvl m. member of a commission, council member
estimate burzhu 1 m. bourgeois 2 adjective bourgeois
buddzh f. budget; (financial) estimate burzhuz 1 f. bourgeoisie 2 adjective bourgeois
bodlna f. stupid; dullness burs m. exchange exchange operations
bodl bodlaj stupid, dense, dull-witted burgh m. pipe (for smoking)
budavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bur f.
receive; exact 2 to gain, make (when selling something) idiom borks m. chemistry borax
to achieve your rights born f. bor f. flour (for breading fried foods)
1 bud f. woof (of a fabric) burund m. Burundi (country, Africa)
2 bod m. singular & plural [plural: plural: 1 bur f. sawdust, filings sawdust
bodag n] cattle (beast or beasts of burden) 2 bur f. granulated sugar
3 bud f. amount received, proceeds; amount exacted 3 bua f. woman who has lost her son ! May your
bodarv m. cart track; caravan trail son die and your brother too!
budedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 4 bra feminine singular of 1
received, be exacted 2 to be gained (at the sale of something) 1 bavrj m. 1 anatomy gall, bile 2 bitter taste, bitterness
bu 1.1 m. old man 1.2 m. Buddha 2 attributive adjective 2 burj 3
old old man to grow old 3 bri fright (object inspiring fear); witch, hag
bugj m. (little) old man
1
4 bur f. borj f. bag, sack jute
2 bugj f. old woman 5 bavrj f. corn, callus
buj Buddhist, (of) Buddha burij f. mat, matting
1 buogj m. 1 bork boric, boracic boric acid
2 buogj f. 2 1 bo m. roast (meat)
1 buj m. 1 (venerable) old man, elder; spiritual advisor 2 2 bo unintelligent
bad omen bubk slow-witted, muddle-headed
2
buj f. 1 old woman, old lady 2 f. attributive adjective bobukj f. bubukj sandstorm, whirlwind
old old woman idiom rainbow 1 bva f. ba plateau, tableland
idiom astronomy the Great Bear (Ursa 2 bo 1 unfinished, uncompleted 2 out of order a to
major) idiom to grow numb (e.g., of a foot) be unfinished b to be out of order, not working properly
3
boj f. 1
buj f. 3
4
boj f. skull, cranium 2
buj m. projection, protuberance, prong.
1 bor brown
102
3
buj 1 with a cut off or mutilated nose, lip, ear, etc.; with a bus f. propaganda _ to conduct propaganda,
dull or stupid face 2 with a chipped edge (of dishware) 3 broken, propagandize
smashed bost n m. flower bed; array
4 boj m. plug, stopper; plugging, stopping up buskhusj m. stuffed calfskin
5 boj f. bunch of lucerne bus m. smoldering ashes
6 bi nonsense to speak nonsense buskrl transitive [past: ] to urge on, drive (a
7 boj m. pattern on felt hoarse, mule, etc.)
bi-bi a to stretch out, spraw b busms m. toady, lickspittle
figurative to achieve something; strive toward something, dream busavl transitive
of something He dreams about bus inflated, swollen
this work. boht stuck (in mud), bogged down (in a swamp, in a
buz m. 1 buzzing (of insects) 2 crack, crackle, crackling mudhole)
(sound) bohttb m.
buzb m. owlet bohtna f. getting stuck (in mud), getting bogged down (in a
buzbuzka f. buzbuzj m. 1 2 grumbling, swamp or mudhole)
muttering bohtv laj m. 1 flabbiness, limpness; inertia,
buzghlj m. sprout, shoot sluggishness 2
boz f. 1 bouza (fermented beverage); koumiss (fermented bohtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
mare's milk) 2 soured food drag in, suck in (of a swamp, mire) 2 to plunge (into), dig (into)
2 boz f. glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (of claws, etc.)
3 boz one who does not observe fasting bhta f. 1 mire, bog, swamp 2 figurative stagnation,
4 bza perfective imperative of 1 standstill; swamp
buziband 1.1 guileless, openhearted 1.2 silent, taciturn bohtedl denominative, intransitive to get stuck (in the
2 m. .1 guileless, openhearted person; simpleton 2.2 taciturn mud), get bogged down (in a swamp, quagmire)
person buhnd sad, depressed, dispirited
buzedl intransitive 1 to buzz (of insects) 2 to sour, be bvha f. barren desert idiom to be a hermit, be
suitable (of dough) a recluse a to go crazy b to be a hermit, be a
bozin f. morocco (leather) recluse
buzhumbur f. Bujumbura (capital of Burundi) 1 bugh m. bowl, saucer (made of wood)
1 bog 1 indistinct, hoarse, husky (of the voice) 2 sore (of the 2 bogh 1 rough (of a voice) 2 unpleasant; ugly
throat) boghtb m. boghtj f. 1 roughness, coarseness 2
bog collected, located together to go together
2
ugliness
boggh
aj 1 with a muffled, hoarse voice 2 with a sore boghd f.
throat bughlj m. bright kerchief (such kerchiefs are given by the
bugnav
l transitive bride's family to guests at the wedding)
bugned
l intransitive boghm f. edema, swelling (in the throat)
bog f. 1 secluded place 2 neighborhood 3 bugh m. music trombone
1 bus m. plural, less often singular 1 finely cut straw, boghv laj m.
chopped straw 2 chaff, bran, siftings, peels bran boghavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make
idiom to deceive with flattery to coarse, make rough (of the voice)
trick bogh f. intoxication from smoking hashish or strong tobacco
2 bus boghedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to grow
bus t m. influence, effect to influence; have an coarse (of the voice)
effect, have an influence on bu m. Arabic pipe; horn
1
bus f. 1 stack of hay or straw which has been plastered bualamn m. Arabic 1 chameleon 2 Himalayan pheasant
with clay 2 hollow object 3 figurative lazybones idiom bo f. regional
to strut, to be puffed up, be important 1 bok m. 1 hump (of a camel, zebu) 2 rise, raising; eminence
2 bus f. blow, stroke 3 protuberance, prominence, bulge
103
2
buk 1 fallen into ruins 2 overturned, toppled to 2 buli m. plural urine to urinate
topple, overturn to be toppled, overturned 3 bli present tense of
bok n m. 1 bolj taj f. command button
bukbk a to dissemble, play the hypocrite b
bolivij f. Bolivia
to pose, act
1 bum m. native
bokr conic, conical 2 bum m. owl; tawny owl (Bubo bubo)
1 bokr f. 3 bum 1 m. nation; land; region 2 familiar (with the territory,
2 bukr f. the road, etc.)
bukraj weaned (of a baby) 4 bom slack, lazy (of willpower)
bksing m. boxing to engage in boxing
bum local, indigenous
bukavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to knock
bumj m. 1 guide, escort 2 imam, leader of prayer 3 basis
down, bring down; to overturn, topple
to substantiate, base
bok f. bucket (of leather or wood) bumjgalv f. 1 the title of imam 2 leadership
bukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
bumj f.
knocked down; be overturned, be toppled; overturn, topple
bon m. bonn m. Bonn (city)
bog rotted within; hollow, empty bundzhj m. 1
bograj m. 1 land given to the clergy for their use free of bund m. a drop
charge 2 parcel of land allotted to farm workers as payment 3
bun 1 short 2 clipped, trimmed
land use whereby sharecropper and owner split produce fifty-fifty
bna: index finger
1
bug 1 slaughtered (of cattle) 2 slaughtered (by a predator
bunj 1 m. .1 truncheon, baton 1.2 cattle with docked tails
or plunderer) 3 figurative victim a to slaughter (cattle)
2 quite short
b to tear apart (said of a predator) c figurative to torment, torture
bons m.
a to be torn to pieces, be slaughtered (of cattle) b to be
bong f. bung f. ransom (from imprisonment, etc.)
torn to pieces (by a predator) c figurative to be victimized, suffer
to pay ransom (for a captive, etc.)
harm
bongj with nose cut off
2 bug f. chickpea bungedl intransitive [past: ] to growl, curse; mutter
bognavl transitive Eastern 1 bun f.
bogot Bogata (city) 2 bun f. 1 anus 2 seat, buttocks
bug f. watermelon 3 bun f. hunting lying low (as by a grouse or quail at the
1 bol m. 1 word, promise 2 speech 3 rumor, talk; fame, repute appearance of a bird of prey)
2 baul m. Arabic plural 2 4 bun f. slaughter, massacre
3 bol present tense verb stem from 5 bun filled, with a full stomach
bol n m. the Bolan Pass (West Pakistan) bonj acquainted, familiar
bolni f. small pie with vegetables bunj k
bol m. 1 bolt 2 latch to latch the door bonedl intransitive
idiom to loosen someone's tongue
1 bo m. medicine atrophic rhinitis, ozena
bulzr m. bulldozer 2 bu m. 3
bolshevzm m. 3 bu m. bo m. 2 to whisper to
bolshevik m. someone not to utter a word; not to make a sound
bulgh f. bubasr weak-sighted
bul f. buavl boavl transitive
1 bolk bu f.
2 bolk consignment of goods buh r m.
boll transitive 1 buj m. cartilage (of the nose)
1 bla f. female relatives of bride treating groom's relatives to 2 buj nasal
boiled rice
buedl boedl intransitive
2 bla imperative, imperfective from bav m. 1
3 bol word paired with buvrj m.
1 bolj f. command; instruction, ordinance
104
buh r m. 1 bih m. [plural: biha n plural: bihna] foal,

buhrj m. 1 small child who has been weaned 2 young colt
animal just weaned bihgj m. small colt, foal
1
buj m. smell bad smell, odor pleasant smell; bih a f. filly (foal)
aroma a to smell, give off an odor b behbd 1.1 healthy, well 1.2 regulated, organized, arranged
figurative to indicate ("smack of") the approach of something 1.3 flourishing, thriving 2 m.
1
to be fragrant a to sniff, smell (at) b behbud f. 1 health 2 arrangement, organization 3 well-

1
figurative to be greedy, envious to go bad, go rotten being; prosperity

a to gain a bad name; be scandalized b to be caught in 2 behbud f. large knife, dagger
adultery bbj f. proper noun Babi
2 bvi blending of the particle and the linking verb buht n Arabic lie, slander to lie, slander
buj f. botany licorice behtr behtra better What could be
bujr f. 1 insignificant or hardly noticeable trace 2 model, better? ( it will be) better, if
specimen a to prefer b to consider a blessing
bujkh greedy, envious behtar f. 1 improvement 2 advantage; preference 3 well-
bujn smelly, foul-smelling being; prosperity
bujn k 1 giving off an odor 2 smelly, foul-smelling behtarn the best; of superior quality; outstanding idiom
3 regional fragrant in the best sense of the word
bunos- jres m. Buenos Aires (city) bahr 1.1 from without, externally, on the outside
bujavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to sniff, at a distance of several miles from a outside,
smell (at); sniff around beyond the limits of something outside the city
1
bja ought, should, must He should behind the door b at, beside, near 1.2 abroad
now go to town. a from without, externally, on the outside b from abroad
2 boj f. grass and straw used for fertilizer, green fertilizer to go out (from somewhere)
buj f. 1 a to be led out; be expelled, be driven out, be exiled b to go
bujedl intransitive [past: ]1 to smell, give off an odor out, leave (from some place) c to be extracted, pulled out d to be
2 to go bad, become rotten released, be freed a to send b to send abroad
1
b ba particle 1 forms future tense I shall write a to go out (from somewhere) b to come forward,
I shall write (something) I'll go I'm project; appear (publicly) 2.1 external, outer outside door
going 2 expresses repetition of an action when used with forms of 2.2 foreign 2.3 going beyond the frameword (of something)
the past tense he would call on, he would come bhar s m.
he worked (usually) 3 expresses modalities bahr-p-bahr 1 from the outside; on the outside, from
he ought to come; it's a pity he hasn't come without 2 far from something; beyond the limits of something
If you had said (it), he would have come bharat f. recruitment compound verb to recruit
2 beh f. better compound verb to be recruited, be enlisted, be won
1 bah f. price, cost over
2 bah f. brightness; sparkling baharanj 1 outer, exterior gates 2 done,
bahdp expensive; valuable produced outside the home 3 another's; alien, foreign
bahdr 1 brave, valiant 2 m. .1 brave man, hero 2.2 baharavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to lead
Bogatyr (fabled hero) out; drive out, banish, expel 2 to extract, take out 3 to release,
bahdurn 1 brave, valiant 2 bravely, valiantly free 4 to thrust out, display on the outside
bahdur f. bravery, valor, heroism 1 bahr f. 1 share, portion 2 wealth 3 use; advantage; profit
he displayed valor while defending his native land 2 bahr m. regional waiter
bravely, valiantly; heroically bahrabadr f. use, utilization; exploitation; operation
bah r m. spring bahramn bahramnd fortunate, happy; flourishing,
bhnd 1 running, flowing 2 liquid liquids thriving to be happy; fourish
bahn f. pretext, cause; excuse; evasion, trick, subterfuge bahramand f. happiness, good fortune; prosperity; well-
to seek a pretext, seek an excuse being
bahnj valuable, expensive
105
bahravr bahraj b 1 flourishing 2 deriving profit or immediately, quickly, without delay with the
benefit from; gaining 3 having been awarded something; having exception of several people
received something 5
be bi prefix without, not recklessness, foolhardiness
behz d m. proper noun Behzad inappropriate, useless, empty
bihsd m. bejsd Bikhsud, Bejsud (region in the Dajizangi 1
bj bij 1 again, anew When shall we meet
district and in Nangarhar) again? again again and again, repeatedly 2 after
bihsht m. paradise that, then then I go to school 3 back to
bihisht 1 heavenly 2 m. jocular water-carrier return idiom still, nevertheless, however all the same;
bihiht m. (and) what is more especially; all the more
bihiht especially, particularly to be continued
bhag m. gadfly It happened just as you said.
bahll m. proper noun Bahlol 2
bj prefix re- (or similar indicating renewal or repetition of an
bahm together, with one another action) a to find again b to acquire, gain c to return d
1 bahn f. top (the toy) to restore to reorganize
2 bahna f. lock of hair left with children as a vow or promise bjintikh b m. reelection
bhut m. regional evil spirit, demon be b 1 shameless 2 disgraced, dishonored, shamed
bhut n m. bhu n m. Bhutan (region in Indian) to disgrace, dishonor, shame
bhu 1 adjective (of) Bhutan 2 native of Bhutan bib n m. bejb n desert, wasteland
bhudzh m. Himalayan birch tree, Betula utilis bibn uninhabited, deserted, desert
bhudzhpatr m. 1 birch bark 2 papyrus bebr disgraced, dishonored, shamed
bhus m. plural 1 bebru f.
bahavl transitive [past: ] 1 to turn on, run (water) 2 beibr barren, sterile
to spill (blood) 3 to send regularly (e.g., food, provisions) bebavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
1
bih f. improvement; development to improve, disgrace, dishonor
develop be ba
2 bih m. quince, quince tree f. disgrace, dishonor
3 bhj f. 1 steps down a well 2 well with steps bj bj bj hunter's cry used to summon falcon
bahj a bebedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
bahed f. disgraced, be dishonored
bahedl baedl intransitive [past: ]1 to flow, run; flow bj pjln m. reboot
out 2 to flow, be shed (of blood)
bj ta' mr m. restoration (of something destroyed)
bahedna f. baedna 1 current, course (of water) 2
beittif a unfriendly; disunited, separated, alienated _
shedding, spilling (of blood)
to separate, alienate
bahr m. 1 transport and equipment of an army 2 large
beittif f. 1 disagreement, divergence; disharmony 2
accumulation; great many, horde, multitude 3 line, stream (of
contradiction
people); caravan 4 chain (of events) 5 race; dynasty 6 process,
bj t f. [plural: bjatj plural: bj tig ni] scissors
development
compound verb to cut with scissors; cut (out)
bahrgr m. processor to cut a dress out
bahimijt m. cruelty, savagery beasra 1 without leaving a trace; futile, unsuccessful;
1 bj children's speech 1 f. & m. sore to hurt, make ineffective; fruitless (e.g., of one's efforts) 2 ineffectual, vain,
painful to be hurt 2 watch out, be careful useless
2 be f. name of the letter beasar f. futility; ineffectiveness; fruitlessness (e.g., of one's
3 be combination of the particle and the pronoun efforts)
Will you see him (her, them)? beidzhr unfulfilled
4 be bi preposition usually in combination with or beadzhla sudden, unexpected
without; except, with the exception of without me beihti ta 1 careless 2 carelessly
without interruption, unceasingly, continously beihtit f. carelessness
beikhtij ra 1 involuntary 2 involuntarily
106
beadb 1 ill-bred 2 disrespectful beinsf f. 1 unscrupulousness 2 injustice

bead f. 1 poor breeding 2 disrespect They treated him very unfairly.
bj rta beinkish f undeveloped; underdeveloped
bjraghe khadzlnj f. recycle bin bajnnm f. announcement, declaration
berz unreliable bajnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
explain; to expound, tell, describe I told
berza
what else was the matter with him/it. 2 f. to express; announce
bearz f. disrespect, lack of respect
beas sa without any basis, unjustified, groundless, unsound bajn f.
bj sta f. cable; cord, rope bajnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
clarified, be explained; be set forth, be told; be described
beasr 1 pitch-dark 2 hopeless 3 deprived of one's share;
unfortunate
bij m.
beusla disorderly, without system (of life) bevz linguistics consonant consonant sound
bajz 1 m. Arabic .1 whiteness 1.2 notebook 2 white beba waterless, arid waterless lands, arid
lands
bei'tib ra 1 not to be trusted, untrustworthy; discredited
to deprive of trust; discredit 2 ineffective; invalid bjvadnavl 1 denominative, transitive [past: ]
to restore (something destroyed) 2 m. plural restoration (of
bei'timd f. distrust
something destroyed)
bei'tin inattentive, careless, negligent
bei'tin f. inattention, carelessness, negligence beavlda childless
beitidr f. 1 incompetence 2 lack of skill, clumsiness beavld f. childlessness
beljsha disinterested; unselfish beahammijta insignificant; unimportant
That is of no importance.
beiltif t inattentive; impolite
beiltift f. inattention; discourtesy beimn
bajlodzh f. biology beimntb m. 1 treachery; dishonesty; baseness 2
cowardliness a to behave treacherously b to be
bajlodzhiph m. biologist
cowardly
bjlozhik dzhang m. biological warfare
beimna 1 untrue, treacherous; dishonest; base, mean 2
bjl f. dialect cowardly a he's a dishonorable person;
bem n merciless, relentless he's a scoundrel b he's a coward
bemn f. mercilessness, relentlessness beimn f.
mercilessly bijn present tense of 1
bjmundl transitive [present: past: ] bibkhl m. plural Biba-khel' (a clan of the Djadran tribe)
bjmindl [present: past: ] 1 to find bebr barren, fruitless
again I looked for him a long bebka 1.1 careless, carefree 1.2 incautious 1.3
time, but again I didn't find him 2 to return 3 to acquire, obtain 4 unsuitable; unscrupulous, dishonest 2.1 carelessly, without a care
to restore (e.g., independence) 2.2 incautiously
baj n m. Arabic [plural: bijnna Arabic plural: bebk f. 1 carelessness, lightheartedness 2 lack of caution
bajn t] 1 explanation, exposition; description to 3 unseemly behavior 4 reckless bravery, foolhardiness
explain, expound 2 utterance, pronouncement; appearance; bebl-u-par helpless
statement, declaration to have a right to speak 3
bebl-u-par f. helplessness
story, narrative compound verb bebvra uncertain
beintiz m undisciplined, disorganized; disorderly; bebkht unfortunate, unhappy
disordered, unsettled bebakht f. bad luck
beintizm f. lack of dicipline; disorganization; disorder, bebudj f. 2
confusion, upset, derangement bebrkhi deprived (of something); disinherited; unfortunate,
beintih endless, limitless hapless
beintih f. endlessness, infinity bebra
beandz extreme, extraordinary, excessive bibka f. diminutive of 1 3, 4
to throw one's money about, squander bebah priceless
beinsf 1 unscrupulous 2 unjust, unfair bebahr
107
1
bib f. [plural: bibijni] 1 lady 2 princess 3 betrkha undated
elder sister 4 grandmother, grandma idiom praying bajtulkhal f. Arabic bathroom, toilet
mantis 1 bajt-ul-ml m. Arabic 1 treasury 2 escheat
2 beb f. children's speech 1 book 2 lesson 3 paper bajt-ul-muaddas m. Jerusalem (city)
bepr m. client (purchaser) Jerusalem (city)
bepma betbf f. manufacture of wicker furniture
bepjba bepjva bottomless (of the sea) idiom betadzribag f. inexperience, innocence
to destroy, liquidate someone betadzhrib inexperienced, innocent
bepja 1 limitless, endless 2 of unknown origin, without betartb betartba disorderly, untidy; irregular
clan or tribe 3 uncertain, unreliable, inconstant betartib f. disorder; irregularity
bepatabl denominative, transitive [past: ] to betrs
disgrace, defame, discredit betr f.
bepta 1 dishonest; untrue, treacherous, insidious 2 beta'alim f. illiteracy; lack of education
unworthy of respect betakallfa 1 simple, plain 2 unconstrained, natural
bepat f. 1 disloyalty, treachery, craftiness 2 shameful betakalluf f. 1 simplicity, plainness 2 naturalness,
business freedom from constraint

bepatedl intransitive [past: ] to be disgraced, be betaklfa simple, plain a simple treat
dishonored betamz reckless, rash, hasty
beprta 1 shameless 2 talkative betamiz f. recklessness, hastiness, rashness
1 bepart f. 1 shamelessness 2 talkativeness to behave recklessly, behave hastily
2 beprtaj gluttonous, voracious betavadzhdzhh 1 inattentive 2 discourteous
bepardag f. 1 failure (of woman) to wear a veil 2 open betavadzhdzhuh f. 1 inattention 2 discourtesty
face, uncovered face 3 disgrace, dishonor betava' unreliable
bepard disgraced, shamed a to disgrace b to bitman m. plural shale, slate
ruin a to be disgraced, be shamed ! betn m. plural concrete
Don't shame yourself, Preserve your honor! b to fall into poverty, bet m. dialect spy, scout
be ruined 1 be m. 1 reinforcement, help, assistance to help,
bepardag f. send reinforcements 2 good tempering (of steel)
bepard 1 without a veil, uncovered (of the face) 2 be m. steppe
to uncover the face 2 close (of relationship) close ber f. battery
friend bek m. 1 male half (of a home) 2 Eastern living room
beparv 1 careless, unconcerned 2 hasty, rash, unconsidered 1 bejan m. plural Betani (tribe) 2 Betanaj (member of
3 inattentive; discourteous Betani tribe)
beparv f. 1 carelessness, lack of concern 2 hastiness, ba f. foot (of a mountain)
rashness 3 inattention; discourtesy besabt unstable, inconstant, changeable
bipl m. besabt f. instability, inconstancy, changeableness
bepul f. lack of money, impecuniousness besamra fruitless, vain, futile
1 bajt m. Arabic [plural: bajtna Arabic plural: besamar f. fruitlessness, futility, vainness
abj t] Arabic 1 couplet (verse of two lines) 2 song bedzhn inanimate; dead; lifeless
2 bet m. reed, rush bidzhk m. way bill, invoice; bill
3 bajt m. Arabic house, heart, family bidzhli f. plural a game of babki, knucklebones
4 bet m. dialect espionage to play babki, knucklebones
betb 1 weak, grown weak 2 impatient 3 aroused, bedzho incomparable; superlative, remarkable
disturbed, upset bech m. bich m. possibility
betba uneasy, restless, agitated bechrag f. 1 poverty, need, destitution 2 helplessness
betbi f. 1 powerlessness, weakness 2 impatience 3 idiom with great difficulty, just barely
uneasiness, agitation 1 bechr 1.1 poor, destitute 1.2 helpless; powerless 2 m.
1 betr wireless [plural: bechrag n] .1 poor man 2.2 poor devil
2 bajtr m. 2 bechra out of work, nothing to do
108
bechrag f. bekhdr root plants

bicha f. Eastern bichua f. bed to bekhraj m. unconsidered behavior, rashness
make (up) a bed to behave recklessly
bechrta thoughtlessly, rashly bekhrtsa moneyless, impecunious to be
bechurt f. thoughtlessness, rashness ruined, be left without money or means
bechejn f. regional agitation; uneasiness, alarm bekhatr bekhatra safe, secure
bedzna insensible; lifeless bekhatar f. safety, security
bedzja 1.1 unsuitable, useless, empty bekhkan f. ruin, destruction, extermination
to be idle, loaf, do nothing 1.2 knocked out, forced out bekh larnkaj
to knock out, force out 1.3 to move, bekhnvaj m. literal establishing bases; laying a foundation
shift, displace 2 in vain, for nothing; out of place, not to the point bekhb sleepless
to interfere inappropriately (into someone else's bekhb f. insomnia, sleeplessness
affairs, in a conversation) ! ! Don't bekhba
chatter to no purpose! It's not out bekhbaj
of place to mention that 2 bekhob f.
bedzna urgently, quickly, without delay bekhda 1 having lost consciousness, fainted 2 drunken 3
betsahtna ownerless having lost self control a to cause to faint b to make
betsk drunk, intoxicate c to drive to distraction a to lose
betsoktj f. consciousness, fall into a faint b to get drunk c to lose one's self
betska control
1 btsa f. kind of grass used as fodder; fodder grass behud f. 1 loss of consciousness, unconsciousness 2
2 bets useless intoxication
behsla fruitless, futile, (in) vain, idle 1 bekhvhaj unwillingly, without wanting to
behla 1.1 feeling ill; weakened 1.2 faint 2 insensible, 2 bekhvah f. unwillingness, reluctance
fainted bekhul 1 meek, uncomplaining, submissive 2 stumbling
behl f. 1 ill feeling; weakness 2 faint (in speech); confused, distracted a to be meek, be
behdda 1 limitless, unlimited; huge an enormous uncomplaining b to stumble (in speech); to be confused, be
quantity, a whole lot 2 boundlessly, infinitely distracted
behapakta motionless, unmoving, immovable bekhvnda 1 unpalatable; tasteless 2 poor; (having been)
behapakat f. 1 immobility 2 passivity ruined 3 disordered, out of order a to grow poor; to
behurmt 1 not respected 2 shamed, disgraced ruin oneself, to be ruined b to become disordered 4 absurd,
behurmat f. dishonor, disgrace senseless, foolish to talk nonsense, talk
behisba countless, huge foolishness
behssa grow numb; insensible, unfeeling bekhvand f. lack of taste, bad taste
behavsil 1 impatient 2 unbearable 3 sluggish (of a bekhsh without kith or kin; homeless, stateless
person) 4 downhearted, depressed bekh bikh 1 altogether; absolutely; very
behavsilag f. 1 impatience 2 intolerability 3 That's an out-and-out lie 2 (with negation) not at all, not in the
sluggishness 4 depression, downheartedness least
behaj immodest, shameless, bold; cynical bekhajr f. uselessness
behaj tb m. behaj f. immodesty; bed m. willow tree 1
shamelessness, boldness, cynicism bedr 1 vigilant, unsleeping 2 watchful, indefatigable 3
bekhvnda ownerless conscious; deliberate; aware
bekhabr bekhabra unknowledgable, uninformed, bedravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ignorant They didn't know of the danger. awaken, wake (someone) up 2 to urge caution, watchfulness 3 to
to ignore something idiom foster awareness
to take someone unawares bedr f. 1 vigilance; keeping awake; awakening; (military)
bekhabar f. 1 ignorance to claim ignorance 2 reveille blowing of reveille 2 reality
rudeness, bad manners That was in a dream, and not in reality. 3
bekhdzhn well-founded, sound, serious
109
awakening, appearance (of a feeling) 4 vigilance 5 awareness 1 ber m. botany jujube, Zizyphus
a to show watchfulness b to show awareness 2 bir m. plural beer a bottle of beer
bedredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to ber m. 3
wake up, awaken, arise 2 to awaken, appear (of a feeling) 3 to be bern 1 having lost consciousness, unconscious 2 frozen in
vigilant 4 to be aware 5 to beware (of), be careful (of) one's tracks, gone dumb, stunned
bedgh unsullied, clean bernavl denominative, transitive [past:
1
] to
bedn seedless (of raisins, berries, etc.) render unconscious, cause to faint
bedrda hard, callous, pitiless 2 bernavl transitive
bedard f. callousness, ruthlessness berna feminine singular of
bedrka not covered by income, exceeding income (of an 1 bern f. 1 loss of consciousness 2 stupor, stupefaction
expense) 2 berni feminine plural of
bedirnga quickly, without delay 1 bernedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
bedl 1 grieved, distressed, sad, depressed 2 poetic lose consciousness, faint
passionately in love 2 bernedl denominative, intransitive
bedimgha bedamgha hot-tempered, irritable berh 1 good-for-nothing, dissipated; undisciplined 2
bedimgh f. bedamgh f. shortness of temper, mistaken, in error 3 unprincipled, unscrupulous
irascibility, irritability berch f. 1 uselessness, dissoluteness; lack of discipline 2
bedmshk m. Egyptian willow tree error, delusion 3 unscrupulousness
bedma 1 lifeless 2 disobedient brta brta 1.1 back back to take back,
bed 1 the same 2 exactly, to the letter take away to lag behind (in
bedav incurable movement, in study, in development, etc.) to return
bedod f. inobservance of a custom to look back a to force back b to remove; to send
bidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to put to away c to dismiss d to clear away, clean up
sleep, lull clear this book off the table e to remove (e.g., difficulties) f
bedavlt 1.1 not wealthy, poor, propertyless 1.2 to open (the door; a shop, courses, etc.) g to take off (clothing)
unfortunate, unsuccessful 2 m. .1 poor man 2.2 failure, unlucky ! As you were! (military command) a to retreat,
person back off; to go away b to resign, relinquish a post
bedavlat f. 1 unluckiness 2 poorness, poverty a to move backwards, go from b to return c
bidavna f. putting to sleep, lulling figurative to back out of (one's word or promise) to
1 bid bid f. m. [plural: bid f. plural: bid] 1 give back, return 1.2 at some distance, a little way off 1.3 again,
sleeping 2 figurative dozing; latent, unused anew 2 away, off ! Off the road!; Stand Aside!;
bed f. dried green forage in bunches; hay
2
Away! 3 predicate .1 forced back 3.2 removed, sent away 3.3
3 bid feminine singular of 1 cleared away 3.4 open (of a door or window; of a shop, courses,
bedj f. plain; steppe etc.) 3.5 removed (of clothing) 3.6 behind (in movement, in
bedjnj 1 adjective of the plain, steppe 2 unpolished, studies, in development, etc.)
uncouth brtapte 3
bidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to sleep; bertaptetb m. backwardness
to fall asleep 2 figurative to remain in ignorance bertatg m. bertartg m. return
bidedna f. m. [plural: bided] dream; sleep berahmn 1 cruel, ruthless 2 cruelly, ruthlessly
bedclothes berhma stern, cruel, ruthless bleak time,
bedn 1 unbeliever 2 m. godless person, atheist bleak times
bedin f. godlessness, atheism berahm f. sterness, cruelty, ruthlessness
beba absurd, senseless very sternly, cruelly, ruthlessly
bevla 1 shapeless, formless 2 ugly 3 ill-bred birkhn f. alehouse, pub
beavn uncouth, unpolished ber m. lark
bev f. fearlessness berisr m. regional lawyer
bej f. knucklebone (of an animal, used in games) beriz willy-nilly, against one's will; reluctantly
bezva 1 tasteless, bad tasting 2 insipid, vapid, flat; bajrgh m. banner, flag; signal flag to hoist a flag
unsalted to raise the flag
110
bajraghv l m. standard bearer 1 bej f. vessel, ship; barge; boat on board

bajrk m. freighter ferry (boat)
berg l m. water skin from ox hide tanker aircraft carrier
berl m. barrel, cask landing boat passenger ship
berl f. attack minesweeper idiom spaceship
berlov l m. aggressor He was unlucky. He had bad luck.
berndkaj cowardly, fearful 2 bej m.
1 berng Bering Straits buhajr-ji 3 bej f. regional shackles, chains; hobble
Bering Sea bej chlavnkaj m. captain of a ship
2 berng m. bearing bejv l m. bejv l m. boatman, ferryman
3 bajrng berng relating to additional payment bezr dissatisfied; upset, angered
bernga colorless bezravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to repel,
ber m. wild clover call forth enmity, disgust
ber bezr f. dissatisfaction, irritation
bejrt m. bajrt m. Beirut (city) bezredl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
berh berha 1 lifeless, unanimated, inanimate 2 figurative to experience, feel repulsion, hostility; to turn away
apathetic, listless 3 heartless; soulless from someone They all turned from him.
berozgra without income, without pay; needy bezv f. need, want
berozgr f. absence of income, absence of pay; want, bezabna bezubna speechless, dumb
need bez 1 downcast, gloomy 2 weak-spirited, cowardly 3
beravl transitive [past: ] to frighten, scare idiom timid
to be afraid of flying into a rage beztb m. bezv laj m. 1 despondency,
birn bern outside, from without; on the outside depression 2 faintheartedness, cowardliness 3 timidity
from without ! regional Get out! idiom bezl transitive [past: ] to darn; mend; sew
to go out of print to weed inconspicuously
birunnavs berunnavs written out (of a word, phrase, bezamn bezamng landless a
etc.), copied out to write out, make an excerpt landless peasant b the landless peasantry
berun external, exterior biz 1 f. [plural: bizog ni] monkey 2 m. [plural:
berj shameless; bold, coarse; uncouth bzog n] male monkey idiom a to
1 bra f. fear, fright to be afraid, to take fright exaggerate some matter b to drag out some business
2 bra f. 1 bezra weak, powerless
3 ber m. [plural: berg n plural: berag n] bez f. dailect 2
regional 1 servant; lackey 2 waiter 1 bezhbaj 1 dumb, speechless 2 untrustworthy, treacherous
berj sincere, straightforward 2 bezhbi f. breaking a promise, treachery
berj f. sincerity begd n m. weathercock; fickle person, changeable person
beredl intransitive [past: ] to fear, take fright; be beggha linguistics consonant
afraid of begvg 1 noiselessly, without noise 2 without a murmur
a
beril m. plural beryl (mineral) to agree without a murmur
berljm m. plural beryllium bes inanimate inanimate objects
be m. crowd (of people) grammar inanimate nouns
be 1 stupid; ignorant 2 m. stupid person, dumbbell; besbi besbi unusual, unheard of, without
simpleton precedent
bekj f. boat besraj unusual, unprecedented; without equal
1 ba f. 1 hurry, rush; urgency quickly, hurriedly; besri of unusual proportions
urgently very quickly, most urgently trouble, besh
efforts to hurry with something 2 striving bestrgo eyeless, blind
to strive for, seek to gain (something) bestra 1 uncovered; bare, naked 2 dishonored, disgraced
2 be f. raft besatr f. 1 baring, uncovering, denudation 2 figurative
dishonor, disgrace
111
bestj f. besatj f. kind of fabric, coarse calico betl'a unfortunate, unhappy

besdtj f. loss of consciousness; faint betabato classless classless society
besdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to betarf neutral
cause to faint, render unconscious betarafn neutral, neutralist policy of
besda 1.1 having lost consciousness, fainted, insensible 1.2 neutrality
stupid 1.3 figurative inebriated a to cause to lose betaraftdr impartial, unbiased
consciousness, cause to faint b to drive insane c figurative to betarfa
make drunk a to lose consciousness, faint b to betaraf f. neutrality to violate neutrality
become foolish c figurative to get drunk 2 unusually, to observe neutrality
unbelievably He is an exceptionally fine betm'a disinterested; unselfish
person. betam'a f. disinterestedness, unselfishness
besd f. fainting fit, unconsciousness, loss of consciousness bj' f. bj'a f. Arabic 1 deed of purchase
besirjt disinfected to disinfect bj'-i document concerning sale
besar-u-smn 1 disinherited, deprived of a livelihood, baj'n f. deposit, advance
needy 2 stupid baj't m. Arabic history recognition of authority (of a feudal
besar-u-smn f. 1 need, a difficult material situation lord); vow to serve faithfully; oath of a vassal (to his suzerain)
2 stupidity, foolishness to acknowledge someone's authority, pledge loyalty
besra neglected; stray, homeless; leaderless (to a suzerain)
a neglected; stray a tramp b be'adlat f. injustice, unfairness
disorderly, chaotic, poorly organized be'izzt
besarav laj m. neglect be'izzatavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
besar f. 1 2 disorder to dishonor, disgrace
besavda illiterate be'izzta dishonored, disgraced to dishonor,
besavd f. illiteracy disgrace
besd bearing no interest non-interest-bearing be'izzat f. dishonor, disgrace
loan be'l stupid; foolhardy, reckless saying
besijl A stupid person goes
beska weak, powerless; feeble ahead and doesn't look back; a clever person goes ahead, but looks
besm wireless radio-telegraph back
beshna unusually, extraordinarily, exceptionally be'altb m. stupidity; foolhardiness, recklessness
beshbha undoubted, indubitable; definite be'la
beshrma shameless; obscene, indecent; immodest be'al f.
to become insolent be'al unconcerned, neutral, indifferent
besharm f. shamelessness; obscenity; immodesty be'lma ignorant; uneducated
beshk beshkk beshka beshkka 1 be'ilm f. ignorance; lack of education
undoubted, irrefutable, indisputable 2 undoubtedly, indisputably, baj'nm f. deed of purchase
absolutely, certainly ! ! Certainly! bj'a f. 1 a expensive, dear b at a high price,
beshumra innumerable, countless dearly to sell to someone
beshamdzj invertebrate be'jb be'jba perfect, irreproachable
beshmra beghho toothless
behdzi unmarried, single, bachelor begharz 1 disinterested, unselfish; uninterested 2
beh useless, futile; needless, good-for-nothing carefree, unconcerned; careless
besbr besbra impatient begharazn 1 unselfish (of behavior) 2 unselfishly
besabr f. impatience begharza
bezarr harmless, inoffensive begharaz f. 1 unselfishness, disinterestedness; lack of
bezarar f. harmlessness, inoffensiveness interest 2 unconcern, lightheartedness; carelessness
bajtr m. Arabic veterinarian baghga 1 noiseless; quiet 2 noiselessly; quietly
bajtr f. veterinary medicine
betta 1 grown weak, collapsed; weak 2 impatient
112
beghma 1 carefree, unconcerned; peaceful in a beki 1 non-nomadic, non-migrating 2 adjective

carefree manner; peacefully ! Don't worry! 2 secluded; unmarried, single, bachelor
sheltered; cozy beks beksa 1 without a breadwinner
begham f. lightheartedness, lack of concern; peacefulness (of a family) 2 without close friends or relatives; lone, solitary 3
spiritual tranquility very lightheartedly, in defenseless, unprotected
a most unconcerned manner bekas f. 1 lack of a bread-winner (in a family) 2
baghvra 1 rashly, without thinking 2 negligently, loneliness, being alone 3 defenselessness
carelessly bekamla uneducated; undeveloped; ill-bred
beghavr f. 1 rashness 2 negligence, carelessness bekn m. beacon
to have a careless attitude toward bekra 1 homeless 2 single, unmarried, bachelor, without
something family
beghajrta 1 shameless; disgraceful, dishonorable 2 timid; beg m.
fainthearted, cowardly 3 mean, base beg 1 last night, yesterday evening last night;
beghajrat f. 1 shame, dishonor 2 timidity; yesterday evening this evening, tonight since
faintheartedness, cowardice 3 meanness, baseness evening night before last 2 m. yesterday evening, last
befid 1 useless That's no help. 2 of night
no use, in vain begr m. 1 forced labor, hard labor; labor obligation
befar invertebrate invertebrate animals to recruit to a labor obligation 2 corve
befkr 1 carefree, unconcerned; frivolous 2 inattentive, bagr 1 mobilized for compulsory labor 2 m. worker
careless, negligent recruited by force or one fulfilling a labor obligation
befikr f. 1 lightheartedness, lack of concern; frivolity 2 beg nag f. estrangement; separation, alienation
inattention, negligence to exhibit inattentiveness, beg n 1 alien, unfamiliar; strange, foreign
carelessness; to neglect, disregard 3 thoughtless, inability to think unfamiliar people, strangers to shun
things out 4 rashness someone 2 foreign, from another country
befhma slow-witted, dull, dense beg nj adjective (of) yesterday last night
be'idag f. irregularity, incorrectness; anomaly begh
be'id incorrect, irregular; anomalous begtt m. Begtut (village near Kabul)
be'idav laj m. begi 1.1 useless, vain 1.2 unsuccessful, having no
be'id result 2.1 uselessly, vainly 2.2 unsuccessfully, futilely
bedra 1 unworthy, contemptible 2 useless, good-for- beguzarni f. need
nothing begr m. monal (Himalayan pheasant, Lophophorus)
beadr f. 1 unworthiness, contemptibility 2 uselessness begrza 1 without dust 2 dust-free, clean air
bearra 1 uneasy, anxious _ to worry 2 inconstant, free of dust, pure air
unstable, changeable beg languid; lazy
bearr f. 1 uneasiness, anxiety 2 inconstancy, bigl m. bugle, horn, trumpet
instability, changeableness begm f. Miss (in addressing foreign females)
beusr innocent (of), not guilty begunh innocent
bejd bejda undisciplined; unbridled, begunh f. innocence to prove one's
ungovernable innocence
beajd f. lack of discipline, dissoluteness; unruliness beganj
1 bjak m. 1 harpoon 2 oar begj f. cards the queen
2 bek m. younger brother of a khan; bek 1 bel particular; separate; another particularly;
bekr bekra 1.1 idle He sits idle. 1.2 separately that's another matter, that's a special
apathetically 2 unemployed sa the question
unemployed 3 m. unemployed person 2 bel m. shovel; spade sapper shovel
bekr f. 1 unemployment 2 idleness 3 bel m.
bajkl m. Lake Bajkal belbel
bekch unmeasurable, unlimited, infinite
113
1
belri 1 without roads; impassable 2 figurative erring, belors White Russian, Byelorussian
mistaken a to wander, roam b figurative to err, to belorus adjective 1 White Russian, Byelorussian
be mistaken 3 figurative unprincipled 4 figurative lawlessness the White Russian language, Byelorussian 2 White Russian,
2
belr f. 1 absence of roads 2 figurative error, delusion Byelorussian
3 figurative unscrupulousness 4 figurative lawlessness belorusij f. Byelorussia
biln m. bilnas m. finance balance (sheet) belavz f. breaking one's word or promise not
yearly balance to compile a balance to keep one's word, to break a promise
belv m. touchstone; whetstone belavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
bel-bl 1 various, different a in different separate, divide, disconnect 2 to distinguish, differentiate 3 to
places b in special cases in different ways wean 4 to part, separate
to appear in various forms 2.1 in detail; point by belavna f. 1 2 weaning
point 2.2 especially; individually, separately for each 1 bel f. 1 trough, gutter (for draining of water) 2 branch (of a
one individually each has individually river) 3 small island; sandbar, shallows
beltn oblique singular of 2 bl preposition 4
beltn m. beltj f. 1 separation, parting 3 bel f. whistle
Separation, the serpent, lay in his path (from a song) 4 bla feminine singular of 1
folklore Separation has consumed me; beledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
grief has turned me to ashes. 2 distinction 3 alienation, separated, be divided, be disconnected 2 to be distinguished, be
separation 4 regional divorce (from one's wife) differentiated 3 to be weaned 4 to be diverted (of a canal) 5 to
belch f. small shovel part, separate (from someone)
belihz crude, coarse, impolite 1 bim m. 1 fear, fright, scare, apprehension 2
beldr m. 1 unskilled laborer (who uses a shovel) 2 sapper, 2 bim m. 1 root of the cattail 2
combat engineer bimr 1 sick; feeling indisposed 2 dejected idiom
blng m. tall building a languid eyes b sleepy eyes idiom I'm sick
beluzm superfluous, excessive, leftover at heart.
beluzma excessively, unnecessarily, superfluously bimrparast f. care for a sick person to
be lg-u-r
1 irreproachable 2 fully, completely, look after a sick person
altogether bimrkhn f. hospital
belafz f. bimravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
belk m. 1 gifts sent by a bridegroom to his bride's home 2 cause (someone's) illness, make sick; provoke (someone's)
rival, competitor indisposition
belg f. 1 (piece of) evidence; trace, track, sign to bimr f. sickness; indisposition
find evidence; to hit upon a trail 2 sign, mark, indication bimredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to get
bell transitive sick, be sick
belmz 1 (someone) not completing his prayers 2 bemlgi indeclinable fresh, unsalted
menstruating bemla indigent, poor
belmndztj f. bemjag f. poverty, indigence
belmndz bemublti f. carelessness, lack of concern; improvidence,
belmndz f. 1 noncompletion of prayer 2 menstrual lack of thrift
period bemtri weak, powerless
belna f. 1 to be separated, be divided,
1
bemisl bemisla unexampled,
be disunited 2 separation, parting 3 distance, space, interval unparalleled, incomparable
2 bilna belna f. rolling pin (for rolling out dough) bemadzhla powerless, weak, helpless
3 bajlna f. loss bemahlla 1 inappropriate, irrelevant 2 inappropriately,
belnaj m. botany mint inopportunely
belv la f. belv laj m. 1 separation, division, bemkhtb m. 1 shamelessness, impudence 2
disconnection distribution or assignment of inattentiveness, rudeness 3 indifference
obligations 2 difference, distinction 3 weaning 4 parting, bemkha 1 shameless, impudent 2 inattentive, impolite 3
separation indifferent
114
1 bemkh f. 2
bajn Arabic preposition, prefix between, among
2 bemkhaj international among people
bemarm blank (catridge), dummy 3
bn used as the second part of a compound verb
bemuruvt 1 inhuman, cruel, heartless 2 uncultured 3 pessimist optimist
mean, base bin sighted (not blind), seeing; sharp-sighted
bemuruvat f. 1 inhumanity, cruelty 2 boorishness, bengh strictly, rigorously, necessarily
uncivilized ways 3 baseness, meanness bajn-ul-avm bajn-ul-dul Arabic
bemni inhuman, cruel bajn-ul-daul bajn-ul-mill Arabic bajn-ul-
bemazag f. 1 absence of flavor (in a food), tastelessness 2 milal international; world (wide) world war
colorless, inexpressiveness 3 coolness, discord (between friends) international law
bemaz 1 tasteless, bad-tasting 2 colorless, inexpensive 3 the 'Internationale'
unpleasant 4 grown wearisome; become boring bajn-an-nahrjn m. bajn-un-nahrjn m. Arabic
bemzi besm wjarlis wireless Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian lowlands (between the Tigris and the
radio telegraph Euphrates Rivers)
bemzija khabreatre plural wireless benm inglorious, infamous
communication benms dishonorable, disgraceful
bemasrfa unsuitable, unnecessary
benmus f. dishonor, disgrace
bema'n bema'n 1 senseless, absurd; stupid 2 vain,
bin f. 1 vision 2 sharp-sightedness
foolish, futile
binbdzh f. bagpipes
bemghza 1 stupid 2 insubstantial; emasculated bent m. 1 reed, rush 2 stick; cane to strike, beat
with a stick to be beaten with a stick
bemulhaz 1 hasty, precipitate, unconsidered 2
impartial, unbiased
benatidzh futile, unsuccessful, vain, purposeless
bemunsba 1 inappropriate, irrevelant to prove to be unsuccessful, futile
it won't be out of place 2 unsuitable (of food) bench m. bench
bemn'a 1 free, clear, unimpeded 2 freely, without bend f. colored mark between the eyebrows (worn by Hindus)
hindrance
binj f. regional okra, Hibiscus esculentus
bemudzhb 1 causeless; pointless 2 without cause, without
benazkat f. tactlessness, indelicacy
reason
binsh m. bench technology main girder
bemaurd inappropriate; unsuitable It won't be
benasba 1 done out of, disinherited; deprived of 2
unworthy of 3 unsuccessful the greedy person
inappropriate (to announce, to say, etc.)
is unsuccessful idiom to perish
bemau' 1 inappropriate, unsuitable 2 inopportune,
untimely 3 excessive (of expenditures)
benasib f. 1 haplessness; deprivation (of one's share) 2
lack of success
bim f. insurance insurance company
insurance payment accident insurance benzm unregulated, unorganized; disorderly
freight insurance life insurance benazm f. lack of regulation, disorderliness; disorder
idiom restless sleep
insurance against natural disasters in agriculture fire
insurance theft insurance health insurance
benazra without equal, unusual, unheard of, unprecedented
property insurance compound verb to insure bing m. root of the erianthus (plume grass)
compound verb to be insured, take out insurance bingj f. botany loofah
bemhr unfriendly, hostile benamk
bemihr f. unfriendliness, hostility bennga 1 shameless, impudent 2 base, mean, low 3
cowardly
bim kavnkaj m. insurer
bim kednkaj m. insured benang f. 1 shame, dishonor 2 disgraceful behavior,
lowdown behavior 3 baseness, meanness 4 cowardliness,
bemajl f. unwillingness, disinclination
faintheartedness
bemni unfriendly, reserved; unobliging, discourteous
beminitb m. unfriendliness, reserve; discourtesy benav binav poor; very needy, unfortunate
1 bn m. whistle, pipe, flute benav f. poverty, indigence
benma nameless, unknown
bajin f. Arabic irrefutable proof
115
benihjta boundless, infinite bevta inopportunely, not in time (late); at an ill-advised

bin used in names of populated areas Bini Hissar time
benij za 1 well-to-do, well-off; not needing (anyone or bevuf 1 stupid, slow-witted, senseless 2
anything); independent to make indepedent, provide uniformed, ignorant, lacking culture, uneducated
for to become independent 2 well-to-do bevuuf f. 1 dullness, stupidity, senselessness 2
benijz f. 1 independence (from someone, something) 2 ignorance
independent nature 3 well-being biogr f m. biographer
binihisr m. Bini Hissar (suburb of Kabul) biogrf f. biography autobiography
bevd adjective unmarried, single, bachelor 2 bajavl transitive
bevra suddenly, unexpectedly bajolodzhst m.
bevsit direct, straight bajlodzhi f.
bevk bevka 1.1 weak; helpless, bajolodzhiph m. bajolodzhid n m.
powerless 1.2 involuntary 1.3 indecisive 2.1 weakly;
helplessly, without power 2.2 involuntarily 2.3 indecisively biolozh 1 f. biology 2 biological
bevk f. 1 weakness; helplessness, powerlessness biolozhiph m. biolozhid n m. biologist
2 indecisiveness, indecision biolozhik biological
biv j potential form of verb 1 bevla artless, unsophisticated; sincere
beva pure, unadulterated 1 biv imperfect of 1
bevidzhd na unscrupulous, dishonest 2 biv m. plural 1 taking away, carrying off, stealing 2
bevkhta inopportunely; at a bad time building, breaking (e.g., a road)
bjurokrtiki bureaucratic 3 bev f. widow
bjurokrs f. bureaucracy bevri brave, fearless
1 bevr f. 1 oppression 2 injustice 1 bja f. 1 price, cost at a low price at
2 bvra 1.1 obvious, evident 1.2 candid, frank (of a a very high price at a matching price
conversation) 2.1 obviously, evidently 2.2 candidly, frankly to set a price to ask a price, price a to
beva unsuitable, inappropriate depreciate, be devalued b to be priceless; be without equal
bevzla figurative a to beat down the price b to spoil (something)
1 bevzli 1 poor, indigent, destitute beggar to sell 2 sale and purchase; business, transaction
woman 2 helpless trade closing a deal to close a deal
2 bevazl f. bevazal f. bevazlitb m. to cancel a deal 3 subsciption price, payment
bevazliv laj m. 1 poverty, need, indigence 2 helplessness 2 bij f. growth
bevazn f. weightlessness condition of behnd m.
weightlessness beh 1 wild 2 frightened a to make wild b to
bevs bevsa powerless to force, compel frighten a to be wild; run wild b to be frightened
bevasl unarmed to disarm a to be tactless, be rude b to do something incompetently
(intransitive) to disarm behudag f. uselessness, superfluousness, superfluity;
bevasl kavl m. plural disarmament senselessness, absurdity
bioshim f. biochemistry behud useless, unnecessary, superfluous; senseless, absurd
bevatna banished, exiled; without a homeland, homeless, behudagoj m. chatterer, windbag, idle talker
stateless to banish, exile behudago f. foolishness, idle chatter, nonsense, idle talk
bevatan f. banishment, exile behsh behsha without feeling, unconscious, in a
bevaf not keeping one's word, not fulfilling one's promises; faint dialect He has lost consciousness.
untrue, untrustworthy; traitorous behosh f. loss of consciousness, fainting spell
bevaf f. betrayal of one's word, breaking a close to fainting
promise, infidelity, untrustworthiness, treachery, betrayal behh behha
to betray one's word, to break a promise, act treacherously; to behoh f.
betray behuv laj m. 1 wildness, savagery 2 fright
biofizk m. biophysics behajbta brave, fearless, intrepid
116
behtsa to no purpose, without cause, for nothing; not for attend rites for the dead b to pray for the deceased; attend
anything memorial services for the dead
behli disillusioned to disillusion ptkh n m. person who reads the first chapter of the Koran
to be disillusioned at service for the dead
bajedl intransitive ptlozh f.
bajr m. ptlozhik
pt n stairway, staircase
pt v m. Western large irrigation ditch
ptkha f. step; rung; tread (of a stair)
1
pe the third letter of the Pashto alphabet ptrn m. boss, supervisor
2
p combining form of the preposition in him, in her, ptr f. scab
in them, a necessary, indispensable b utilized ptakavl transitive
1
p m. foot, leg ptnda 1 remaining 2 durable, stable 3 constant
2
p 1 a separable prefix in the verbs and in short 1 p to f. dialect 1
phrases He did not arise 2 pt f. pt m. 1 pat m. red caterpillar red
pbnd 1 m. chains; fetters 2.1 connected, linked, bound; caterpillar 2 name of a bird 3 pt f. proper name Pato
fettered 2.2 linked with something, depending on something; ptotsa f. usually plural ptotsi maidenhair
limited, constrained by something 2.3 taking something into fern, Adiantum capillus veneris
account; observing something
punctual ptavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to stop;
He is very precise. He is very puntual. detain
observing the law pbnd to ptolozh f. pathology
take something into consideration; observe something ptolozhik pathological
pband f. 1 linking, fettering; chaining 2 link or connection 1 p ta 1 adjective singular & plural remaining, rest of
with something; depending upon something; limitation, constraint Seventy-five Afghans are left. to be
upon something 3 consideration, investigation, observation (of continued 2 lagging behind; being behind My
something) a to make dependent upon something; b to watch is slow. to disturb
consider something; investigate something; observe something someone, prevent someone from working
pp m. pp m. Pope (supreme head of the Catholic 2 pt f.
Church) The Pope of Rome ptamaj m. inheritance; property, that which is left as a
pp-pp-pp interjection the call of a hen or a sound of legacy
endearment made when chucking someone under the chin 1 patavaj m. heir, inheritor
ppr m. thin cookie made from groundpea flour and cooked in 2 ptave f. heiress
hot oil proverb literal A single stick of 1 p te Eastern 1 to lag, be behind
firewood is sufficient to bake a hundred pea-flour cookies 2 ptj m. bozbash (dish made from peas, evoking extreme
figurative He works best who knows his trade. Work goes with a thirst) saying If you eat bozbash, you'll
swing under the master's hand. stay drinking at the brook awhile.
ppka f. botany Scorzonera (black salsify) ptedl denominative, intransitive [past: past: ]
ppli f. plural first uncertain steps of a child to Eastern 1 to stay, remain to remain at home 2
walk unsteadily (of a child) to be abandoned, be forgotten I left a book
ppu f. Papua on the table. 3 to miss (also in combination with and
ppokr decent, honest in various meanings) to miss a train
ppsh m. regional ppsha f. shoe My watch is slow. idiom Not to have
ppka f. caraway root the possibility of doing something. to stop, get
ppj f. children's speech foot, paw stuck
pt f. 1 prayer for the dead, rite for the dead to read ptednaj lasting, protracted
the first chapter of the Koran at the rites for the dead to pted m. plural
conduct the service for the dead 2 prayer for the dead, ceremonial pteshn m. pteshnkaj m. leftovers (food)
meal on occasion of death a to conduct rites pteked m. plural 1 delay 2 a lag
for the dead b to arrange a funeral meal a to ptekedl intransitive
117
ptemaj m. 1
pdshh f. 1 kingly, royal the
1 p m. section of field 50 meters long and 60 meters wide Royal Government of Afghanistan; kingdom 2 f. .1
2 p m. theater part, role kingdom 2.2 royal power; throne
pkh m. shoebrush pdv m. messenger; boy who runs errands
pk m. regional pdav n f. job of messenger
1 pkj m. 1 small place (town); nook 2 small piece 3 pdo-kl Pas de Calais (the Straits of Dover)
scrap, fragment 4 verse, poem 5 witchcraft, sorcery 6 pd f. herd of cattle a herd of buffalo
fortunetelling to work as a herdsman
2 pkj m. tread of a stairway pdav n m. herdsman
paj m. p f. 1 leather loop (of a sling, slingshot) 2 ring on pa f. 1 ribbon 2 bandage 3 tailoring basting; act of basting
the bow-shaped tool of a wool-beater 4 sinew (in the neck)
pdzhm f. 1 wide trousers 2 pajamas 1
pr m. attention (paid) to someone idiom !
pch m. [plural: pchh n plural: pchj n] 1 ! for goodness's sake, for God's sake
king, shah 2 queenbee idiom to be addicted 2
pr m. 1 incitement, instigation 2 will, power, authority
to impractical dreams, build castles in the air a to incite b to give someone free rein c to dismiss
pchakhzk m. 1 breed of short-legged roosters 2 kind of someone
fireworks 3 pr doublet
pchgl m. botany Malcolmia pr f. 2
pchvazirk m. kind of game przt m. parasite
pchj f. przit parasitical
pch f. 1 sheep's feet (food) 2 przitolozh f. parasitology
pchah 1 f. colloquial to rule over, prshut m.
govern 2 kingly, royal idiom highway, main roadway prshut
ptsavl transitive [past: ] 1 to raise, awaken pr f m. diplomacy to initial a treaty
He did not awaken him 2 to turn against someone or prgvj m. Paraguay
something 3 to incite or induce to do something 4 to evoke or prgvaj 1 Paraguayan 2 m. Paraguayan (person)
elicit (feelings of some kind) prmarib f. Paramaribo (city)
ptsedl intransitive [present: future: 1 prt adjective history Parthian
past: ]1 to get up, rise He did 2 prt history 1
not get up Eastern proverb prtij f. history Parthia
literal If you can't stand up why bother to arise. figurative One prtizn m. partisan
should not undertake this work 2 to wake up 3 to come out prtizn adjective partisan the partisan
against someone or something He movement
came out against Roshan. to oppose, resist 4 to pr m. theater part, role to play a
spring up, arise, appear to engender (of some feeling) idiom part
Eastern The doctors refused to treat him. pr f. 1 politics party 2 regional evening affair, party
ptsed m. plural 1 rising, lifting; awakening 2 coming out, 1 prch v m. drain, drainpipe
speaking against someone or something 2 prchav 1 empty the shop was empty 2
pkhs f. inactive, inoperative, non-working, out of action, operation
pkh masculine plural of prchvavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
pd sh m. 1 compensation 2 reward; recompense 3 stop, hold up, detain
retribution 4 revenge prchvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
pdr m. 1 priest, minister bishop 2 [plural: be stopped, be held up 2 to be inactive, do nothing, be out of
pdrijn] the clergy operation (e.g., of a machine)
pdzhr m. plural bezoar from Persian pad-zar (protecting prchl m. crushed fruit, bruised fruit, rotten fruit
against poison, an antidote for snakebite) prchng m. 1 wooden staircase 2 stair tread
pdish h m. [plural: pdish n plural: prchangj m. short flight of stairs
pdishj n] 1 king; padishah 2 the title of a Sayd 3 proper prch f. [plural: prch] [m. plural:
name Padishah prchadzh t] piece; fragment; part compound verb a to
118
divide into parts b to split (the atom) compound verb a 1 p m. scaffolding; scaffold
to be divided into parts b to be split (of the atom) 2 cloth 3 2 p
splinter, fragment shell fragment, piece of shrapnel 4 pbndzh m. chestnut; chestnut tree
bucket (of a noria or waterwheel) ps m. 2
prchab b m. cloth, woven fabrics, textiles ps f. ps f. 1
prchabf 1 f. weaving 2 weaving, weaver's psov n m.
1 prs m. history Persia psb m.
2 prs m. philosopher's stone philosopher's stone psibn m. psiv n m.
prs 1 abstinent, temperate 2 chaste 3 pious, devout pakj f. verse, poem; song (short)
prs taj attentive p m. 1 charm; witchcraft, sorcery 2 snake charmer; fakir,
prs f. 1 abstinence, temperance 2 chastity 3 piety, conjuror; sorcerer; magician; shaman, medicine man
devotion pugr m. 2
prsl m. [plural: prsalna Arabic plural: pugar f. charm; magic, sorcery; primitive medicine
prsal t] sending (herbs, ritual, etc.)
prsng m. 1 makeweight (something thrown onto a scale 1
p f. 1 baker's paddle, baker's shovel (for handling hot
to bring the weight to a desired value) 2 counterweight, baked goods) 2 board or paddle for moving wash around in a
counterpoise laundry tub 3 part of a corn-husker
prsa f. Parsee woman 2
p f. 1 agriculture blemish, flaw 2 figurative unfinished
1 prs 1 f. Farsi; the Persian language; the Tajik language; work
Farsi; the Persian language; the Tajik language 2 m. pachin r m. Parachinar (settlement in Pakistan near the
Parsee (person) Afgban border)
2 prsj f. pzv l m.
prsikh n m. prsiv n m. Farsi speaker, pza f. 1 affair, matter; activity; work to set in
Persian speaker, Tajik speaker motion; use, employ 2 counsel, advice, admonition 3 boldness,
prk m. 1 park cultural park 2 pool (i.e., place courage 4 quickness, promptness, efficiency 5 attention to
where fleets of various motor vehicles are kept or stored) someone a to act b to give advice, give admonition c to
automotive pool, motor pool demonstrate courage d to show promptness, demonstrate
prk l m. 1 grandeur, greatness, glory 2 power, strength, efficiency to produce an effect, influence
force to achieve power, come to power pza f. dim, weak light
to become weak, become decrepit pzav l m. worker, colleague, employee, functionary
prgn m. cesspool pzik
prlm n m. Parliament pzhol f. stocking of goat's wool
prlmn parliamentary parliamentary pg m. swelling, tumor
delegation pgavl transitive
prlemn m. Eastern pg f. 1
1 pr m. 1 rake 2 oar, paddle to row, rake (with pged
l intransitive
rakes, paddles) 1 ps 1 up, upward; above, overhead; higher above
pr m. manure, fertilizer
2
something; from above something; over, beyond something
prusz f. production of fertilizer excessively, beyond measure 2.1 upper 2.2 above-
prukj f. comb mentioned, above-indicated; aforesaid
paravl transitive [past: ] 1 to incite; provoke 2 to 2
ps m. 1 ointment (for treating mange in animals) 2
tease (an animal) 3 figurative to arouse, excite (feelings of one application of ointment (to animals suffering from mange)
kind or another); to stimulate, agitate 4 figurative to inspire; fill 3
ps m. 1 guarding, protection 2 nursing, tending, looking
with enthusiasm; encourage after; care, concern; attention 3 esteem, respect
1 pr f. piece; part 4
ps m. 1 passing a course (of instruction)
2 pr f. chemistry mercury compound verb to take an examination; to finish school 2
prachin r m. acceptance, adoption, confirmation (e.g., of a law) 3 sports pass
prs m. Paris (city) to pass, execute a pass a to pass a course (of
pris prisj 1 Parisian 2 m. Parisian (person)
119
instruction) to finish school b to accept, adopt, psv l m. ruler, padishah

confirm (e.g., a law) c sports to pass, execute a pass psvalzj m. prince, ruler's son
5 ps present stem of psv laj m. 1 predilection, inclination 2 guard 3 care,
psbn m. sentinental, guard charge, tending, taking care of
psp m. Eastern psprt m. passport psv n m. 1 watchman, guard 2 herdsman
passport officer to stamp a visa on a psv n f.
passport ps vnkaj m. elevator; hoist
psport adjective passport psugalv f. 1 modesty, humility 2 lowness, baseness
pspr m. 1 psavl transitive
pspor 2 psavl
pst m. gratitude psedl intransitive
pstl m. art pastel, pastel drawing psf passive (of measures)
1 pst 1 masculine plural of 2 2 oblique singular of psifk m. the Pacific Ocean
2 to speak affectionately, softly psh
2 psta feminine doublet pshn sparse, scattered, diffused
pstaj m. 1 chapati (a sweet flat cake) 2 dewlap (of an to dissipate (one's energies), disperse, scatter; be scattered, be
animal) dispersed
pskh m. answer to answer pshte f. plural stairs, staircase
psd r f. 1 guarding, protection, defense 2 care; charge; pshtk m. ceiling beam, rafter
concern a to guard b to care for; have charge over; pshtk m. crossbeam, ceiling plank
to concern oneself about pshl transitive [past: ] 1 to pour (water on) 2 to
psr f. 1 economy, savings to effect economies, spurt, splash 3 to strew; scatter; spill 4 to sow to sow
save 2 reason, cause seed, disperse seed 5 to disperse, drive away
psragr psrav l thrifty, economical the wind dispersed the clouds passive a to be poured b
psl transitive [past: ] 1 to tend to someone, care for to be watered c to be splashed d to be strewn, be scattered e to
somebody; concern oneself about someone; pay attention to be sown, disintegrate, be destroyed, be torn down
someone 2 to treat an (animal) for mange pashlaj 1 participle from 2 uncoordinated, odd
psll transitive 1 a to take care of oneself, pashli uncoordinated notes, uncorrelated notes
look after oneself b to dress up, dress in a showy or ostentatious psh f. second element in compound watering,
fashion flushing
pslna f. pslodna f. 1 gratitude 2 reproach pghund f. 1 mass, bunch (of cleaned cotton or
pslavl transitive [past: ] 1 to turn something wadding) 2 flakes (of snow) 3 puffs (of smoke)
over for custody or trust; to have confidence in, trust someone 2 pfishr f. insistence, persistence to insist on
something; persist in something
psln m. 1 watchman, guard 2 1 pk 1 clean, neat 2 holy, sacred; sacred land 3
pslavna f. 1 care; concern; charge (as to have charge or innocent
responsibility for children); attention 2 reproach pk m. 1 (official) package, envelope 2
pslojna f. reproach pkana m. plural packets
pslejl transitive [past: ] to remind of a service
pkdmn
rendered; to reproach
pk f. packsaddle
psng m. pkzaj 1 pure; chaste, innocent 2 modest
psna f. 1 1 2 fattening up (of cattle) pk sk pure and immaculate, absolutely pure
psnj 1 upper 2 attributive mountain, living "up there" pkist n m. Pakistan
(from the point of view of Peshawar i.e., living in Kabul, Gazni,
pkistn pkistnj 1 Pakistanian 2 Pakistanian (person)
Kandahar, etc. and for residents of Kandahar, i.e., living in Kabul,
pknafas f. 1 purity, chastity, innocent 2 sincerity, candor
Gazni, etc.) 4 3 aforementioned, above-

3 decency, honesty
indicated; above-mentioned; wind from the mountains
pknavs pknavsa clean, fair, written in a clean or
(chinook, foehn)
fair copy to write a fair copy, write a clean copy
ps 1.1 humble, meek 1.2 low, base 2 m. scoundrel, villian
120
to be written out in a clean copy, be written out in a 6 to look after, tend to show hospitality 7 to feed,
fair copy nourish, suckle (a child) 8 to observe (e.g., a law)
pknavisavl denominative, transitive [past: ] pllaj past participle of adopted daughter
to write out in a clean copy, write out in a fair copy plndj m.
pknavis f. execution (writing) of a clean copy, execution plng m. large wooden bed (with painted legs)
of a fair copy plngr m. khidam ti kampjr sarwr
pkv laj m. 1 1 2 tidiness (premises) server
pkavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to clean, plangph m. bedspread, counterpane
clear; wipe, wipe dry to brush the teeth to
plna f. 1 development; education 2 instruction; training
clean shoes to tidy the premises 2 to wash; wash clean;
universal military training 3 care
wash thoroughly 3 to pay off (a debt); settle an account
to care for; be concerned about someone 4 bestowing of gifts
to pay up, settle, settle an account upon a new bride at the time of the first visit to her home by her
1 pak f. wide cotton cloth parents
2 pka feminine singular of plv l 1 abstemious, moderate 2 devoted, loyal
3 pk imperfect of 2 plv n m.
1 pk f. cleanliness, neatness, tidiness plud f. sweet jelly dish; jam
2 pk f. razor 1 pla f. plowshare
pkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 2 pl f. wedge (wooden)
cleaned; be cleaned up; be wiped up; be wiped clean 2 to be
pl-padr without fail; willy-nilly
washed; be washed thoroughly; be washed clean 3 to be paid up
plj m. 1 agriculture lapse, balk (in plowing) 2 diet 3 kind
(debts); be settled (accounts)
of children's game
pked m. plural 1 cleaning up; cleaning; wiping clean,

plz m. melon field; kitchen garden
wiping dry 2 washing; washing clean, washing thoroughly 3
plezkr f. melon farming, truck gardening
payment (debt); settlement (account)
plezv n m. melon grower, truck gardener
pkizag f. 1 cleanliness, tidiness 2 chastity 1 plis f. policy, politics
pkiz 1 clean, pure; tidy, neat 2 chaste 2 plisi f. insurance policy
pkiz-khaslt chaste pm m. attention attentively, with attention
pgl m. regional 1 abnormal person; psychopath 2
I didn't pay attention. I didn't notice. to divert the
extravagant person; spendthrift
attention to be distracted (of attention) to pay
pgalkhn f. regional psychiatric hospital, clinic attention to something; look after something Pay
1 pl m. 1 abstention to abstain; be wary of 2 attention! Look out! Watch out! Don't fall!
agriculture blemish, flaw; lapse, balk in plowing 3 beginning,
to be riveted, drawn (of the attention) to be
commencement 4 concerned about something to be left without attention,
pl
2
be forgotten, be unnoticed
3 pl m. hollow pm l
4 pl m. plowshare pmlavl denominative
pl n m. pl na f. packsaddle pm n vice ! So long! Au revoir!
p lish m. plural 1 polish; action of polishing pmtad r 1 expecting something; counting on something 2
compound verb to polish compound verb to be
regional reproaching, rebuking
polished 2 polishing agent, varnish
pmtadr f. expectation of something; reproach for
1 plk m. plural spinach something
2 plk m. foster child, ward
pmlarna f. care for something; concern about
plkn f. smoke vent, window in roof, skylight something, attention to something; seeing to something
plkraj m. storeroom (for agricultural implements) care of public health looking after the
plkj f. elephant saddle, howdah sowing (of crops) to tend to something; be concerned
pll transitive [past: ] 1 to protect, care for, guard 2 about something; pay attention to something; see to something
to bring up, raise to bring up children, rear children 3
pm larnkaj attentive, concerned
to cultivate, develop someone or something to
pamavl transitive
instill or inculcate a love for work 4 to cherish, foster 5 to caress
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pmjlj 2 po oblique plural of

pmedl intransitive 3 p oblique plural of 1
pamr m. 1 the Pamir the Pamir 2 [plural: podzj m. 1 bookstore 2 book trade
pmir t] the Parmirs pa f. 1 leaf, leaflet (of a plant) tea leaf, leaflet
pnm f. pnm f. Panama (country and city) a petal The trees are starting to be covered with
the Panama Canal leaves. The trees are growing green. to
pnd n m. box for betel (Asiatic plant whose leaf is chewed tremble like an autumn leaf 2 sheet (of paper) 3 page
with betel nut as a narcotic) to turn over the pages; look at every page 4 note, document, paper
pndrj f. silk and gold threads, braided into the hair (braids) 5 leaflet; newspaper 6 7 card (playing)
of a bride You have won. 8 [plural: pi] a leaves, foilage b archive
p na f. firewood basket Archives (the institution) the Annals of
pnsm n m. bandage, dressing attributive History c playing cards
bandage to bandage, dress 1
pe f. 1 fate, good fortune His luck has
pns f. betrayed him. 2 leaflet 3 sterile flower
pnsijn m. boarding school 2 paj f. knocking out a nut with a nut (a game)
pnkri s m. anatomy pancreas pairzhn m. fall (the season)
png m. 1 pi razhavnkaj fall, autumnal (of trees)
pngv l m. capitalist pz 1 foliate; composed of thin layers or flakes 2 consisting
p nga f. 1 capital private capital of so-many pages or sheets an 8-page newspaper
industrial capital bank capital financial 1 pu m. po m. regional 1 fourth, fourth part of something
capital basic capital constant capital a quarter past four a quarter to
variable capital working capital seven 2 "sir"
concentration of capital to invest capital 2 pu m. pound pva two pounds
to have capital, possess capital 2 figurative property; 3 po vice
value; wealth; resources natural resources, wealth putl m. sediment, deposit
idiom One should be patient. pverhus m. regional electric power station, powerhouse
pnga larnkaj m. capitalist pvara f. 1 footnote, note 2 feature article (in a
pngavr m. capitalist newspaper)
pngavar f. capitalism paulj m. coin in a necklace
pns m. pviljn m. pavilion
pn f. 1 wedge (wooden) 2 stocks, rack (for torture, ph f. cotton batting (which is placed under a bandage when a
punishment) a to drive a wedge, split, cleave b to lock dressing is being made)
up in stocks pj regional pe m. 1 leg a pj-i human leg b
panj t m. lesson; conclusion, moral to figurative flight, escape 2 end, termination final
extract a lesson from; draw a conclusion from to serve decision (of a Supreme Court) at the end of the
as a lesson year finally, in conclusion, at last until the end
pnjti 1 instructive 2 learning a lesson from something 3 In the final years of his life
exemplary, model; serving as an example for others (of a person) What will this end with? to finish, complete,
1 p m. precipice; steep bank; abyss bring a matter to its conclusion; execute a piece of work
proverb literal Above I see a leopard, below I see an to be finished, be completed, be brought to a conclusion 3
abyss. figurative Caught between a rock and a hard place. consequences (of an illness) idiom compound verb to
a standing at the edge of an abyss b at the edge of the plumb, measure the depth (e.g., of a river)
grave figurative nar a to stand at the edge of an pj b 1 m. .1 ford; shoal 1.2 proper name Payab 2
abyss b to be extremely quick-tempered, not to control oneself; to shallow, not deep, suitable for fording
be unstable pj n m. end, conclusion
2 p m. starch pj v m.
parzh m. 1 fall 2 autumn pjv cheerful, joyous, buoyant
paakj f. (small) leaf pjbnd m.
1 pa m. salad lettuce pjp m. pipe to smoke a pipe
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pj-pj children's speech quietly, softly, gently pjmledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
to walk softly to direct gently, conduct gently, carry be suppressed 2 to be destroyed 3 to be violated, be infringed
gently upon 4 to be suppressed (of feelings) idiom !
pjpchi f. plural pjtav f. leg May your enemies disappear!
wrappings, puttees pints f.
pjtkht m. capital (city) pjnkh m. fruit-bearing branch of a grapevine
pjta vice pjand 1 durable; constant; enduring 2 proper name
pjtsr m. 1 end, completion, termination 2 person bringing Payanda, Painda
up the rear 3 remains or remainder, left-overs (food) pjndj 1
pjts f. 1 trouser leg 2 hems of the legs of wide Middle- pjnk m. rim or edge of the scabbard of a saber
Eastern trousers; trouser cuffs 3 wide Middle-Eastern trousers pnv inundated low place, depression, flooded
idiom to be on friendly land, marshy land
terms with wife's relatives pjna f. strength; duration; constancy
pjd r steady, stable; strong, firm pjnj last, final, conclusive
pjd r f. steadiness, stability; strength, firmness pjv m. float, floating structure
pjd n m. running board, footboard (of a vehicle, carriage, pjavl transitive [past: ] 1 to prolong life; sustain
etc.) life in someone 2 to settle 3 to conclude, complete 4 to measure
pjdv m. the depth (i.e., of a river)
pjz r m. shoe pj f. 1 foundation, groundwork, basis 2 column; mast 3
pjzb m. ankle bracelet supporting member; pier (bridge) 4 step 5 wheel; wheels 6
pajht m. durability, immutability, stability to be piece, item (a counting word for machines, equipment)
durable, be immutable, be stable to last, endure two pieces of machinery (i.e., two machines) 7 dignity;
silence did not last long; the silence did not grade, rank 8 figurative level (of development)
long endure 1 pj f. 1 rein; reins; bridle 2 hobbles
pjk f. pjkb m. rice huller; grain huller; treadle- 2 pj present of
operated rice huller, crusher, huller for rice and other grains 3 p f. regional pice (small Indian coin, worth a quarter anna)
motor-driven rice huller to pjedl pedl 1 [present: intransitive past:
hull rice ].1 to last 1.2 to be strong, be firm 1.3 to live, exist 2 m.
pjk m. rice cleaner, man engaged in the cleaning of rice plural life, existence
pjkil f. boundary, limit (of a plot of land) pjedna f.
pjg v m. paygav (a measure of land equal to half kul'ba, pjk m.
amount of land that can be plowed in one season by an ox-team) pbb vice 1
pjg f. pjg h f. 1 foot (of a mountain) 2 military 1 pab 1 m. plural Pabi (settlement between Peshawar and
bridgehead; springboard for attack Naushera) 2 m. plural Pabi (tribe) 3 pabj m. Pabi (tribesman)
1 pjl m. corn bread 2 pabj 1 f. 1 1 2 feminine of 1 3
2 pjl m. electronics battery atomic reactor pap m. small scoop (of a shopkeeper)
pjl t m. disturbance; mutiny to create a papkha papkha f. "papkha" (a tall hat, usually of sheepskin)
disturbance; incite to mutiny pap adjective big (of ears)
pjlt mutinous to rebel, revolt pap ghvag m. burdock
pjlm f. 1 sign, symbol, token 2 banner pupn destroyed, annihilated to destroy, annihilate
pjl m. to be destroyed, be annihilated
p jla f. bracelet with bells (for the ankle, leg) 1 pps m. lungs
pjm l 1 crushed 2 destroyed 3 trampled 2 pps m. 1 coward 2 dawdler
pjmlavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1 papj f. kiss
crush 2 to destroy 3 to crudely suppress, infringe upon, violate 2 papj f. diminutive children's speech foot
to violate or infringe on someone's rights 4 to 1 pat m. honor, dignity; respect idiom
suppress (feelings) to remain a widow
pjml f. 1 destruction 2 crude violation; infringement 3
suppression (of feelings)
123
2
pat m. plural 1 fine goat's wool 2 undercoat (the fine wool patlk m. diploma
growing beneath the outer wool of goat's, sheep) 3 nap, pile pitnsaj m.
(textiles) patng m. 1 nocturnal moth; moth, butterfly; clothes moth 2
3 pit flat; flattened, flattened out a kite 3 moth (used as a synonym for one who is in love)
4 pit m. core, pith, heart, pulp (e.g., of elder wood) folk saying The moth falls in love
5 pt doublet with the candle and is burned up in its flame. 4 proper name
pt vice What happened to you? Patang
ptrj f. board upon which the body of a deceased person is patns m. [plural: patnus n plural:
washed a to wash the body of the decease b patnusna] salver, tray
figurative to teach a lesson, punish severely patnm m.
pt m. large basket with a narrow opening patanna masculine plural of
pats f. Eastern 1 piece (of sugar) 2 kind of candy or pitn f. 1 riot, mutiny; disturbance 2 enmity; struggle;
sweetmeat proverb literal Sweets do not vengeance family feud
fall from the sky forever figurative Good things do not last 1 pat m. 1 wheel (of a spinning wheel) 2
forever. 2 pat m. 1 ferrying, crossing by ferry (river) 2 landing, dock,
pat f. cap, percussion cap wharf lighthouse beacon
patn oblique singular of patv f.
pitv 1 sunny 2 m. sunny side patr m. brassiere, bodice
pitvaj m. 1 sunny side (of a mountain) 2 warm and sunny patn m. [plural: patanna] thigh, haunch
winter day pitvi to sit in the sun, bask patunj m. botany petunia
in the sun pataj lagging behind all, last
patkhavl transitive [past: ] to cause to perspire 1 pat f. branch, offshoot (of a tribe)
freely 2 pat f. 1 sign; trace to get on the track of;
patkha f. revolver track; shadow 2 pta address
patrk small-eared (used for a particular breed of sheep) 3 pta f. silt, mud, ooze
patrakj m. 1 scab 2 1 3 shaving, chip 4 pta f. playing card to play cards
petrl m. plural pat pa f. computer science address bar
petrolkash f. extraction of oil, output of oil 1 pti 1 estimable, honorable; respectable 2 honest; decent
patr f. 1 2 pat f. feminine plural of 1, 2
1 patrj m. 1 crampon (iron, brass) to fasten together 3 pti plural of 4 and 2 2
with crampons; rivet, clinch 2 adornment, decoration
4 patj m. 2
patrj f. double hepatic duct (of sheep) 5 patj f. division of property
patrivl m. 1 trader in hardware, iron-monger 2 kind of
6 patj f. alphabet
German-made rifle
7 pitj m. regional 3
patr m. 2 patr
1 patk m. flask, water bottle 1 patra 1 feminine singular of 2 f. unleavened bread
2 patk m. paper (card on which thread is wound) unleavened bread
3 patk bald 2 ptra especially
1 patkj m. wool, hairy coat, hairy covering patjl transitive
2 patakj m. diminutive form of 1 patil f. 1
3 pitkj m. 1 bird 2 squab, shorty (of a person) patejl transitive [past: ] 1 to divide; divide up 2 to
patln m. [plural: patlunna plural: patlanna] decide, make a decision
trousers, breeches a to wear trousers b to be clothed
1
pa m. 1 step, rung 2 panel, element (of a door) 3 layer (of
in trousers
cloth) 4 pan (of a scale)
patlunpsh dressed in European style 2
pa m. 1 bark of a tree; bark stripped from a tree to
patlz m. patls m. 1 agriculture graft to
remove bark from a tree, debark 2 tanning extract from bark
graft 2 organization, arrangement
3
pa m. delirium; fever He is delirious. He is in a
patlesavl denominative, transitive [past: ] state of delirium. He has a fever.
agriculture to graft, make a graft
124
4
p pu 1 hidden, concealed refuge; secluded place 2 pakj m. small turban idiom the position of
secret, clandestine, covert a secret agreement leader or head to throw oneself at
secretly, clandestinely; surreptitiously This is someone's feet; to beseech someone for assistance
not a secret. The fact ought not to be concealed 2 puakj tiny, small; insignificant
that to conceal, keep secret to 3 ptki 1
disregard, pay no heed to He pretended that puganj f. ambush to set up an ambush
nothing had happened. 3 latent, hidden, inner, secret 4 closed, plamsa f. computer science blind carbon copy (bcc,
private closed session 5 clothed, covered (of parts of e.g., of email)
the body) 6 regional stricken by misfortune idiom palj f. singular & plural rail, rails; railroad tracks
Not to allow to learn, to keep in ignorance.
pam m. sluice gate of a yaryk (i.e., irrigation channel)
5 pa doublet pan m. dock, landing
6 pa doublet pang m.
ptp m. blindman's bluff (the game) pans m.
pa f. plural potato
panm m. password
pakh f. 1 military percussion cap 2 regional fly-swatter
paakhed r muzzleloading rifle puna f. 1 2 secret
par piebald, skewbald; spotted, stripped; having white socks 1 pa m. [plural: pau n plural: paug n] patu
(of a horse) (woolen shawl or rug) to weave a patu
para f. 1 ribbon, strap 2 stripe (leather, bark) 3 stripe (on 2 pa oblique plural of 1
uniform trousers) 3 po oblique plural of 4
p s m. chemistry potash pav r m. patvr m. regional 1 rural accountant,
ps f. waste material from sugar cane village accountant; rural clerk, village clerk 2 land surveyor
pataha f. Eastern ptv laj m. 1 2 secret

panist n m. obsolete pakh
p p secretly, clandestinely; furtively, surreptitiously pkaj m. leather trunk (for transporting load on pack
ppnaj m. regional ppnaj m. blindman's animals)
bluff (the game) to play blindman's bluff pkaj m. 1

ppinhm 1 completely hidden, concealed 2 top secret pavl puavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ppohnd m. magician, wizard hide, conceal, take away, remove 2 to cover, cover up 3 to
ptj f. conceal (from), keep secret to conceal the truth, hide
pkh pkh rude, cruel, harsh the real state of affairs 4 to classify (documents, etc. as secret) 5
pukhv laj m. rudeness, cruelty, harshness Eastern to steal a to hide, conceal oneself b to cover
ptukhav [past: ] to cause to become rude or cruel; oneself up, muffle oneself up (in something) to
cause to become harsh cover or wrap oneself up properly c to conceal or not tell one's
pkhlaj taciturn, not talkative; reticent real name, be incognito to lie in hiding, lie
pukhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to grow low a to shut one's eyes (to) b to disregard, ignore;
coarse, grow rude, grow cruel; grow harsh fail to notice I want to
perl pirl 1 m. plural gasoline gasoline pump go away and never see you again.
2 oil
pn m. cover, concealment; sanctuary, refuge (for wild game,
perol pirol adjective 1 gasoline 2 oil wild fowl, etc.) This is a very secluded
parj f. track (of a railroad) place.
pakr m. plural aluminum pavna f. 1 hiding, clearing, taking away 2 covering,
1 paka f. young hen, pullet screening 3 concealment
2 pak f. 1 threat 2 reprimand, scolding a to

1 pune f. ambush
threaten b to reprimand, scold 2 panaj m. woolen shawl, woolen rug
3
pka f. cottage cheese pav f. 1 galloon, braid, lace 2 cord 3 purse
4
pak f. 1 belt, sash 2 kind of noose, snare, lariat pavagr m. pavagr m. maker of gold lace, braid, etc.
1 pa 1 f. secret behind someone's back 2 feminine
plural of 4
125
2 pa f. 1 board 2 panel puchkhlaj foulmouthed

3 pu f. 1 strip (of bark, cloth) 2 metal fastening or clamp pachk m. eyehole in a belt
4 pa f. 1 complaint 2 deed, document puchkulm f. large intestine (of animals)
pakhul taciturn, uncommunicative; reclusive puchk m. having set its fruit (cucumbers)
He sits there in silence. a to compell to be pchmoz f. mockery, ridicule
silent b to neutralize (the enemy's fire) pchn 1 weak, puny 2 ugly, not good-looking
pah n m. regional Pathan, Pushtun pachna f. 1 lancet 2 cut, scratch
pahnist n m. obsolete pichvj f.
paad r striped pchraj m. regional
pa dn f. regional shashlik made from ram's kidneys and pachnaj regional tiny, minute
heart pachvaj m. tail-tuft (of a cow)
pak m. barcode 1 pcha f. pcha f. 1 dung, droppings (of sheep, goats, etc.)
1 paj m. area which has been sown, field under crops to defecate (of sheep, goats, etc.) 2 pertaining to lot
a small field; a bed prepared for a crop by lot Western a to draw lots, win b to become
the owner of something, pick up or acquire something to
2 paj f. 1 bandage a to apply a bandage, dress
cast lots to draw lots to effect the casting of
to bandage the leg b to calm, soothe 2
lots to have a drawing, a lottery idiom a to
suspenders suspenders 3 garters garters 4
perform a stupid action, get involved in a dumb operation b to act
strip (of cloth); ribbon, tape 5 board 6 strap, belt
in a conceited manner, put on airs
3
patj f. 1 model, example (for correspondence or practice) 2
ABC book, primer
2
pcha f. ripples (on water) to cover with ripples,
trouble (water)
pa plural of
4 2
5 pi 1 f. plural secret 2 feminine plural of 4 3 pcha f. kiss

6 pa masculine plural of 1 4 pach f. branches (used in covering a roof)
1 pachj f. woven basket (of reed)
paj d m. cache
2 puchj f.
p-pl 1 secret, concealed 2 disordered, distressed 3 pchi feminine plural of 1, 2
pakh pachz m. pachs m. pachisi, parcheesi (ancient
paed r having a stripe of contrasting color on the neck (of boardgame resembling backgammon, played on a cruciform board)
animals) pdzj 1 on the spot, at the location 2 executed, carried out
pedl puedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be hidden, be
concealed 2 to be covered; cover, wrap oneself to be pdzjavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
covered with snow 3 to hide, lie hidden, set (of heavenly bodies) fulfill (e.g., an obligation)
pedna f. 1 m. [plural: ped] hiding; concealment padzavl transitive 1
to have nowhere to hide, have no place of pts 1 dull, blunt dull knife 2 dull,
concealment stupid, slow-witted 3 crude, rough 4 steep, preciptous
para f. 1 main beam of a building 2 boards (collectively) 3 ptsnaj 1.1 insignificant, small; tiny, scanty 1.2 rare,
log, beam fortuitous 2 m. small piece, fragment of something; crumb, pinch
pael m. textiles weaver's beam ptstb m. ptsj f. blunting, dulling (of a knife, etc.)
pem m. damnation ptsng vice
padzh m. patsnaj
padzhna f. 1 scratch 2 cut ptsv laj m.
pdzhavb vice ptsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to dull,
padzh f. 1 oven (for firing bricks or pottery, for the blunt, obtund 2 figurative to confuse idiom
manufacture of glass) 2 furnace, forge 3 blast furnace They dealt with the enemy.
padzhav l m. bricklayer ptsavna f. dulling, blunting (of a knife, etc.)
1 puch unfit, unsuitable, bad 1 ptsa f. stitch
2 pach m. flower pattern on glass, iron, etc. 2 ptsa feminine singular of
pchj f. 1 hobbles, chains 2 outer cord of a woven cot or 3 pts vice
bed patsj f.
126
ptsedl [past: ] 1 to be dulled, be blunted, be obtunded pukhltb m. [plural: pukhlked] m.

2 figurative to grow dull, sink into torpor pukhlv laj m. reconciliation
ptsr vice 1 like, resembling 2 similar pakhlvaj m. cook
1 pkh m. tetter, mange; scab pakhln m. cookery, culinary work
2 pkh m. 1 sniffing (of a cat) 2 exclamation or cry by which a pakhlndz m. kitchen
child is frightened pakhlng m. cooking, preparation of food
3 pakh m. 1 trap, snare 2 fetters, manacles pakhlzj m. kitchen
4 pkh m. loud guffaw; burst of laughter 1 pakhlj m. 1 cooking, preparation of food
pikhi f. plural pikhaj m. wool clotted with dung pakhl cooking equipment pakhl kitchen
(at or near the tail of a sheep) 2 cookery 3 baking (bricks) 4 maturity; wisdom
pkhpla pkhpla 1 (my, thy, his, her, etc.) -self; personally 2 pkhli f. plural
I will go to him myself. 2 willingly; voluntarily, 3 pukhle f.
of one's own free will 3 by oneself, spontaneously pakhldzj m.
pukht m. Eastern 2 1 pkhn 1 downy, having a nap 2 rug or shawl with nap or
pukhtag f. 1 ripening 2 figurative maturity; wisdom; pile
experience 2 pakhn m. mineral
pukhtavrgaj m. Eastern pkhndj m.
1 pukht 1 2 basic, fundamental (of a structure, pkhv 1 before before this, before this time
construction) 3 training (of a falcon, a hawk) before this first of all,
2 pakht f. cotton first and foremost before their arrival 2 earlier,
pakhtakr m. cotton grower before; in former times, in the past a long time ago 3.1
1 pakhtakr f. cotton growing, cultivation of cotton previous, former in former, previous times
2 pukhtakr f. paving, tarring since former times, dating from former
pakhs k m. 1 grief; sorry; melancholy; chagrin 2 envy times in comparison with what used to be, in
pakhsavl transitive [past: ] 1 to grieve; upset 2 comparison with the previous circumstance more than
to anger, enrage 3 to invoke envy, cause envy before as before, as
1 pakhsvaj Western boiled, cooked previously 3.2 ancient Eastern
2 pkhsav present tense of from ancient times 4
pakhs f. layer of a pis (beaten clay) wall pis pkhvtrpkhv beforehand, in good time
wall to lay, put in place, make a pis wall pkhv laj m. 1
pakhsedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grieve (for); be pkhv nj 1.1 old, ancient; very old pakhv n
sad; be melancholy; be distressed 2 to strive for something; try to antiquities of old, from ancient times 1.2
get something 3 to envy, covet He envies me. previous, preceding, foregoing, early 1.3 former, ex- 2.1 person
He covets his (i.e., another's) wealth. living in ancient times 2.2 pakhv n plural ancestors
pakhsedna f. 1 grief, sadness, melancholy 2 striving after pkhv najtb m. antiquity
something 3 envy pkh m. juice, extract
pakhsij adjective liquid, fluid pkhoavl m. [past: ] denominative, transitive to
pakhshk m. squeeze out, press out
pakhsh quiet pakhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to cook,
pakhshvaj 1 prepare (food) 2 to cause to become ripe; facilitate ripening 3 to
pakhkaj compound past participle of bake, fire (brick) 4 to pave, tar 5 figurative to cause to be, make
He cooked a good meal. experienced, make mature; make wiser through experience idiom
pkhl m. preparation of irrigated land which is under a rice to acquire a good eye
crop pkhol regional
pukhl reconciled a to reconcile b to come to an 1 pkhla f. whooping cough
agreement, settle (a question, etc.) to be reconciled 2 pkhul vice 1
They reconciled them with pkhvalj m. pakhn m. 1
great difficulty. pkhvandj m. 1 joint (of an animal's leg) 2 knot 3
buttonhole
127
pakhavnkaj 1 present participle of baker 2 2

pr pur Western 1 preposition usually in compound with the
m. cook; baker suffix ;feminine nouns in (a, a) may not be subject to
pakhavnaj m. cook; baker inflexion; 1.1 on (to designate location on the surface of an
1 pkha f. 1 wool undercoat (wool-bearing animals) 2 down, object, the direction of an action, and also places and expanses)
pile on the table on the chair
2 pakh feminine singular of 1.2 in (to indicate the location where some action is taking place)
1 pkhj 1 mangy; suffering from mange (or similar skin literal to sit in a shop figurative to trade 1.3 to
disease); scabby 2 person suffering from the itch or other skin (to indicate direction toward) the road from Burma
disease characterized by scabs 3 lousy fellow to China 1.4 at, during, in etc. (in designating time) at
2
pkhi f. plural dandruff, scruff midnight during or in the midst of the storm
pakhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be in his/her 30th year of life 1.5 in, into (to convey
cooked, be prepared (of food) 2 to be fired, be baked (of brick) 3 the general sense of distribution) divide 3 into
to be prepared, be mixed (of cement) 4 to be paved, be tarred 5 1.6 by (to indicate the route or means of travel) by
to ripen, mature 6 figurative to become experienced, become sea He went by road (i.e., land travel) 1.7 on (to
wise 7 to come into one's own (of seasons of the year); come on, indicate the direction of an action upon a specific object)
begin, fall (e.g., of night) They to beat on the head 1.8 over, above (to indicate the location of
arrived in the settlement when night had far advanced. 8 someone, something higher than something else, above it)
figurative to be tormented, suffer over, above us the aircraft circled over
pakhed m. plural 1 the city 1.9 after (to indicate the sequence of events or objects)
pkhjr vice ! All the best! question after question 1.10 for (to indicate the
pkhl m. 1 employment or use of a sudorific 2 sweating, reason, cause, or goal) for the sake of honor
profuse sweating to induce sweating, evoke perspiration the battle for the city competition for land
pkhev laj m. sweating, profuse perspiration For what reason? 1.11 at, with (to indicate a person
pdsi vice associated with an action) to study with a mullah
pidar padar paternal hereditary land to work at a tailor's (shop) 1.12 used to designate
patrimony (inheritance) dates June 15th 2.1 on him, on her, on it, on them
pdgha vice 1 Take this chair and sit on it. 2.2
padl m. padl m. 1 influence to influence something concerning him, about her, concerning it, about them
2 fear, terror idiom a to break from being write something about him 2.3 for him, for her, for it, for them
too shy, wean from being too shy b to make more adroit ... the day will come for him (her, them)
pdnna pdnnakhi inside, within when 2.4 according to him, according to her, according to it
pdd like, as, how 2.5 for him, for her, for them
padl m. 1 gossip, scandalmonger 2 deceiver, cheat 3
pr sound imitative of the flight (take-off) of birds (whirrr)
padla f. 1 gossip, scandalmonger (women) 2 deceiver, cheat to take wing, fly up, take off
(woman) pur combining form full, filled filled with alarm, uneasy
padul f. 1 fraud, deception 2 (unauthorized) disclosure of a pr separable initial prefix of the verb in laconic
secret phrases Eastern I didn't open it
pdj vice 2 prt masculine plural of
pd vice 2 prtk m. practice
padd clear, evident, manifest par f. layered pastry
png m. pudding parch m. [plural: plural: parchag n] 1
pul vice 1 cotton textiles trader; peddler 2 1
pa f. 1 species of willow (lit. the old willow) 2 species of parch 1 m. singular & plural Parachi (a nationality) 2 f.
popular (lit. the variegated-leafed poplar) Parachi (language)
pazir f. meeting; reception to meet pr kh pir kh 1 wide, extensive, spacious 2 open (i.e., a brow)
1 par m. 1 sail of a windmill 2 blade or flat board of a water prkhpzaj having a flattened nose
wheel 3 wing 4 fin (of a fish) idiom a to knock one's prkhtj f. 1 2 military deployment, dispersal
ankle together while walking b to stretch, stretch out c to procede
(from) to be afraid of someone, fear someone
128
prkhv laj m. 1 extensiveness, spaciousness 2 territory, 5 untwist, unreel 6 figurative to explain passive a to
area 3 broadening, increase 4 development to be opened b to be opened (i.e., to found or establish, e.g., a school
widen; increase; develop (i.e., trade) or enterprise) c to be untied (e.g., a knot) to make a
prkhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to living
widen, increase 2 to develop (i.e., trade) idiom a to prnidz present stem of
expand the chest b to accomplish a feat; perform a feat of valor pranistl transitive
pr kha pirkha feminine singular of parvz m. regional eaves (of a roof)
prkhb n m. broadband prh f. Prague (city)
prkh f. pirkh idiom quiet,
prjmari regional primary (of a school)
tranquility
purjna f.
prkhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be

prbndi a compound of the preposition and the suffix or
postposition 2
widened; be increased 2 to be developed (i.e., trade)
1 pirr m. parpa m. botany colocynth
2 prr m. 1 prpr quickly, animatedly to flow, stream, roll (i.e.,
of tears); to flow in a stream or current
pirravl denominative, transitive
pirra f. prprakj m. screw, propellor (i.e., of an aircraft)
pirredl denominative, intransitive purpj caught, captured
prz vice 1 1 prat prt 1 shallow, empty, useless 2 inappropriate, out of
place 3 distant, remote 4 maimed, disfigured 5 flabby, flaccid,
parzitolozh f. parasitology
weak
parzit parasitic
przhektr searchlight 2 prt connected, linked, attached
purasrra mysterious, full of mystery, enigmatic part b m. range (of an arrow, bullet, etc.)
purshb uneasy, anxious; tense uneasy time, partg oblique singular of
time of anxiety
part v m. throwing, flinging, hurling compound verb
to throw, fling, hurl compound verb to fall, fall down,
parsht m. parachute parachute jumping (as
collapse
sport)
parshut 1 adjective parachute parachute
partug l m. Portugal
units 2.1 m. parachutist 2.2 f. parachute jumping
partugl partgalj 1 Portuguese 2 m. Portuguese (person)
prg m. Prague (city) partl m. 1 equipment, outfit 2 gear of a horseman or nomad
(which is carried on a horse, camel, etc.)
pargandag f. diffusion, sparseness
pargand diffused, dispersed to diffuse, disperse partal f. 1 equilibrium, equipoise, balance 2 weighing 3
pargvj m. figurative evaluation a to balance b to weigh c
purmi purmna calm, equable figurative to consider, think over; evaluate a to be

balanced, be evened up b to be weighed c figurative to be
prntl transitive
considered, be evaluated
prntna f. prnst m. opening (the act)
to open
partm m. horror; terror; fear from terror, from fear
parch in horror
pranstl transitive partg m. wide, Middle-Eastern trousers idiom
prnstaj 1 open with open eyes 2 wide,
to take off one's belt; to grow insolent
spacious
prtug h prtugsh belt, girdle (used to hold up wide
Middle-Eastern trousers) idiom to overtax one's
prniste sarchin f. computer science open source
strength, overtax oneself
prns f. colloquial the French language partugh partugh wearing wide Middle-Eastern
parn second element in compounds exploding, pants, dressed in oriental fashion
blasting 1
1 1. 2 foolish, stupid,
prta 1.1 feminine singular of
prnt past of to be opened nonsensical, confused to talk nonsense 2 f.
prnitl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to open
quarrel, discord He is at odds with him/them.
2 to open (i.e., to found or establish, e.g., a school or other
2 prta preposition Eastern without; except, apart from, over
establishment) 3 to untie, loosen (i.e., a knot) 4 to unfold, unroll and above aside from this, apart from this
129
3 prat feminine singular of pard z m. execution; fulfillment; finishing (work of final

prta-varta confused, chaotic nature in craft, etc.)
prti f. plural 1 of 1 2 nonsense, gibberish to pardz f. second element of compounds
talk nonsense, speak rubbish composing; writing letters
1 prch m. regional plate; dish; saucer purdl 1 bold, brave 2 m. proper name Purdil
2 prch m. 1 sneezing 2 snorting (of an animals) 1 prad oblique plural of
parch v 2 2 pard oblique plural of 1
parchatj m. 1 straw awning or eave on a beaten-clay (pise) 1 pard f. 1 curtain; bed curtain; jalousie, blinds 2 screen
wall (protection from weather) 2 hut with a straw or wooden roof smoke screen 3 covering, casing, membrane
3 coating of clay mixed with straw membrane anatomy pleura anatomy
1 parchl unsuitable, bad; below quality standard pericardium 4 layer stratum of earth 5 screen
2 prchl transitive [past: ] to sneeze cinema screen 6 figurative cover (of night, etc.) 7
parchm m. 1 lock, curl, ringlet; forelock 2 banner, flag 3 secret to reveal a secret to
botany stamen raise a curtain, expose I have nothing to hide from
prchavl causative [past: ] to cause sneezing, you. He told me in secret. 8 seclusion, solitary
evoke sneezing life; seclude life (of women) 9 secluded life 10 part, action,
parchn m. groceries activity, act (of a play) 11 picture 12 frame (of film) 13
parch f. 1 issue (of a magazine, newspaper) 2 excerpt, figurative camouflage compound verb
clipping (from a magazine, newspaper) to hide, cover up compound verb to be hidden, be
prchj m. sneezing covered up
prchedl [past: ] to sneeze 2 prd 2
prdz j purdzj 1 fitting, proper 2 appropriate 3 executed, paraband f. seclusion, secluded life (of a female)
carried out 4 living somewhere a to execute, carry out pardaph 1 keeping a secret; concealing 2 m. custodian
b to settle a to be executed, be carried out b to be of a secret, keeper of a secret
settled pardapoh f. paradapohi f. keeping a secret;
prdzandn (of a pregnant woman) near her time, in the last concealment
month of pregnancy pardad r secret, confidential
prdzavl transitive pardad ra f. female leading a secluded way of life (for
prdzedl intransitive cultural and traditional reasons)
prtsxangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] pardad r f. 1 trust, confidence 2 concealment,
to stand aside, make way dissimulation
purhartt passionate, ardent (of feelings) pradj prdaj 1.1 foreign, strange, alien, another's
1 parkh m. injustice to act unjustly foreign body to plow and sow for another; work
2 prkh m. severe cold, hard frost as a farm laborer proverb One can use
prkhilaf against, contrary to another's bed till midnight 1.2 foreign foreign
1 prkhm m. brush or tuft of the tail (animal) tongue prad foreign goods prad
2 parkhm m. 1 2 fan 3 fly swatter abroad to alienate to become alienated 2 m.
purkhv supporting someone, something; siding with someone .1 foreigner; alien; stranger to deliver from
the foreign yoke foreign domination 2.2 great-great-
purkhvv laj m. help, assistance, support grandson
parkhavl transitive [past: ] to squirt water, spurt prdajtb m. alienation; estrangement
water (with the mouth); to sprinkle; to moisten, wet pards m. 1 wanderer 2 traveller 3 visitor
prkha f. 1 dew dew has fallen 2 light shower pardesna f. pardes f. 1 wandering; journeying;
parkhz unjust journey 2 vagrancy
prkhl m. pardesitb m. the wandering life
parkdkht m. 1 expense 2 payment 3 use of something pardesedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
application, employment (of force) wander; roam; travel 2 to be a tramp; be on the road
pardkht adjective payment pri
pard r 1 winged 2 having blades, fans, paddles, etc. priv laj m.
130
purzahmt hard, difficult; troublesome a parshak l m. rainy season, monsoon season

difficult experience 1 purshr 1 animated, lively (e.g., a city) 2 energetic (of an
1 pirz action)
2 purz oblique plural of 2
parshr m. Parshor (the ancient name of the city of
przavl transitive [past: ] 1 to throw down on the Peshawar)
ground; to overcome (in wrestling) He threw me. He piriht f. piriht f. 1 angel 2 proper name Pirishta,
wrestled me down. 2 m. plural wrestling sports to Firishta
wrestle prha f. prha f. mushroom, Russula foetens idiom
pirzav f. feminine singular of 1 to harden, become hard idiom to stint, grudge,
purz f. [plural: purz plural: purzadzh t] skimp idiom What has gotten into you?
Arabic part; component parts for a car What has happened to you?
purzafurush f. sale of components, parts, etc. (e.g., of przd przdd Western against, opposed to someone or
machines, cars) something
przedl intransitive [past: ]to fall, topple purghurr ambitious; arrogant
pres m. pressing, compressing a press (machine) parghz m. 1 arrow with an iron tip (for children's games) 2
compound verb to press compound verb to be fainting fit, swoon compound verb to lose
pressed consciousness, lose one's senses, fall in a swoon 3 rage, fury
purs n 1 asking, inquiring about 2 m. inquiry, request, a to lose consciousness, be deprived of one's senses, fall in a
questioning swoon b to get into a rage, fly into a fury
perspektf m. perspective (in architecture, drawing, parghaztj f. irritability, edginess
painting) pargaz 1 nervous, irritable, edgy 2 convulsive, spasmodic
parst 1 worshiping something; bowing, making obeisance to purimt valuable valuable instructions
something 2 paying court to someone taking care of, troubling 1 park r 1
onself about someone 3 the second elemental of compounds 2 purk r 1 full, filled, crowded; stuffed (with) 2 well-made,
fire-worshiper well put-together
parast r m. 1 person who is taking care of or showing purkr f. 1 stuffing (of a stuffed animal) 2 technology filling
concern about another 2 hospital attendant, hospital orderly in with rubble
parast ra f. nurse; female hospital attendant; child's nurse 1 park l m. compasses, dividers
parastri 1 care of the sick 2 hospital work 2 park l regional weak, sickly, puny
training courses for hospital attendants parkltj f. parklv laj m. weakening, debilitation
parastsh m. worship, veneration; cult to bow parklavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
down before someone, venerate someone; honor someone weaken, debilitate
to worship something parkaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
parast combining form worship of something grow weak, become sickly
idolatry 1 prkaj m. stepson
prestzh m. prestige, authority to lose 2 prkaj f. stepdaughter
prestige, lose face, lose authority to purkah purkah pulling the bowstring to its limit
undermine one's authority, cause the loss of or damage to one's parkn parkn m. landmark
authority or prestige 1 park f. bread baked on a stone
pursd 1 state of being conscious, aware 2 intelligent 2 purkj m. taking wing (birds)
pursza full of emotion, heartfelt parg r m. 1
person l m. personl m. personl m. staff, prgaj m. 1
personnel experts, technical and engineering workers prgaj f. 2
parsh m. 1 beating, throb, palpitation heartbeat pargan f. Pargana (general term for district or state in India)
to beat, throb, palpitate 2 flight, flying purgu f. gossip, idle talk I began to
prsh adverb back, backwards a to drive off b to chatter idly.
lead back, take back to step back, retreat to parg f. tribe, nationality
beat back (the enemy) prgj pirgj m. acorn
prishtj vice prl transitive 2
131
prla Western 1 placed alongside, located alongside; adjoining parnv f.

2.1 around, round my head is going around prandzh m. sneezing
Bibo has begun to whirl about from joy. 2.2 prndzhl transitive [past: ] to sneeze
continuously, all the time 2.3 entirely, completely prndzhavl causative [past: ] to cause sneezing
His character has completely changed. prndzhavnkaj sternutatory sternutatory
prlabndi 1 folded 2 placed one upon the other (sneezing) gas
prlapac Western 1.1 successive, consecutive 1.2 prndzhj m. sneezing
continuous, uninterrupted, unbroken 2.1 successively, prndzhedl intransitive [past: ]to sneeze
consecutively 2.2 continuously, uninterruptedly, unbrokenly prhdzhedna f. sneezing
idiom latest issue, current issue (of a newspaper) prndzl transitive
prlapasev laj m. Western 1 sequence, succession 2 prndzj m.
continuity prndzedl intransitive
prlapuri 1 connected; attached (to) 2 sequential 3 fit parand m. [plural: plural: parandag n] bird
(for), suitable 4 well-built; beautiful Zejnab was pr regional
good-looking. prins m. prince
prlapuriv laj m. Western 1 joining; contiguity 2 prncipl m. regional principal (chief officer, dean of a
sequence 3 fitness, suitability 4 beauty, comeliness college)
prla vahlj Western portly, fat prinsp m. principle out of principle
prlika pkarha computer science online purnufs populous
prm prangj m. 1 Englishman 2 European
parm n m. pr 1 turning sour; curdling 2 coagulating, clotting (of blood)
parm jl transitive pri f. sweet thin gruel, kissel (a kind of blanc mange)
prmkh purmkh Western 1 before someone, in front of 1 par par m. hot wind, simoom
someone, ahead of someone 2.1 forward, ahead to
2 par oblique plural of 1
successfully develop, execute something dialect a to
3 par oblique plural of 2
go ahead, move forward, advance b to develop, make progress
4 pur useless, empty, void
2.2 completely, entirely, fully to forbid absolutely, parv f. 1 attention; concern to
pay attention to someone or something He
ban categorically a !
paid no attention to this. 2 agitation, anxiety !
saying Go and have a look around! b to disappear, be missing,
get lost My book is missing.
! It doesn't matter! ! Don't worry!
prmkhtg m. purmkhg 1 movement forward, parv z m. 1 flight, flying flying machine, aircraft 2
figurative (upward) flight, ascent
attack ! military Forward! (as a command) 2
development, progress
parv n m. Parvan, Parwan (a city, former name of Jebel-us-
prmkh tllaj developed, advanced (e.g., of a

Siraja) Parvan Province, Parwan Province
country)
parv nag f. commission, errand; instruction, directions
prmkhtl m. plural prmkhtb m. 1 parv n f. 1 nocturnal butterfly, nocturnal moth (usually in

poetry) 2 propellor, screw (e.g., aircraft)
prmkhtj f. prmkhjn m.
permang n m. potassium permanganate 2
parv n f. history 1 instruction, directions; writ; patent 2
pass, safe-conduct document; passport
parmuhr f. hunting divination (used by those hunting
wildfowl) to cast spells, predict through
parv f. obsolete
paranormal means or charms
propg nd m. propgnd m. propaganda
parme f. mushroom
to conduct propaganda; propagandize
1 parn f. drowsiness; lassitude to nod (in sleepiness);
propgandch m. propagandist, propaganda specialist
cause sleepiness
propgand propagandistic
2 paran f. the Parana River propgn m.
parnl f. gutter, drainpipe propganch m.
parnvaj 1 sleepy, drowsy parnvi sleepy
propgan
eyes 2 sluggish, flaccid 3 pensive
propgna f. regional propaganda
propller m. propellor, screw (e.g., of an aircraft)
132
prot m.
prat f. 1 m. [plural: prat f. plural: parsa Eastern a last year b (sometime during) last
prat] .1 lying The book is lying on the year
table. I was sick in bed for three days. prusk prussic acid, hydrocyanic acid
1.2 living, being somewhere prushij f. Prussia
The Utmankhejli live in the Tirakh district. 1.3 standing (of prohavl prohavl transitive [past: ] to twist,
furniture) 1.4 consisting of something; inherent in, characteristic twirl, revolve, rotate
of something or someone 2 m. military prone position proghr m m.
the prone position ! Prone position! (command) pruf m. printing galley proof
protst m. protest to make a protest profsr m. professor
to someone; protest to someone profesor f. 1 teaching in an institution of higher learning
protest n m. Protestant 2 professorship; the rank of professor
protst m. profesr m.
protoplsm m. protoplasm profl m. profile, side view
protokl m. 1 minutes, record of proceedings, report 2 peroksjd m. peroxide, hydrogen peroxide
agreement, understanding 3 protocol unit; ceremonial usage, progr m m. 1 program; plan; rough draft 2 order, routine 3
protocol intention, purpose
prta f. act of lying down, being in a prone position paravl transitive [past: ] 1 2 to make
adverb lying down, in lying or prone position kind of run, drive, urge on 3 to steal
Afghan round dance prolddaj m. 1 mediation, the action of performing as a
protn m. proton commercial broker or middleman; commission (commercial) 2
1 perte f. adjective commission
2 prtaj proll transitive [present: past: ] to sell,
parv m. 1 strong man; husky fellow 2 hero market
parvatb m. parvav laj m. strength, might prolna f. sale, marketing
prodshektr m. prodzhikr m. searchlight prolg m. prologue
parvr m. second element of compounds for the soul, prolet r m. proletarian
spiritual proletri proletarian
parvardig r m. God, the All-High proler m.
parvarsh m. parvarh m. parvarhh 1 prolearijt m. proletariat
nourishment, feeding, fattening up 2 breeding, cultivation, raising parn yesterday a last night b yesterday night
cotton farming animal breeding a the day just past b yesterday
silkworm breeding, sericulture 3 tending, yesterday morning lately; in our time the day
care, charge, fostering a to breed, multiply; be before yesterday until yesterday
cultivated b to be cherished, be fostered 4 training (e.g., of parunj 1 adjective yesterday, yesterday's the night
specialists) before last 2 preceding, past; former
parvarl transitive [past: ] 1 to feed, nourish 2 to provl transitive Eastern
breed; cultivate 3 to rear, educate, foster provna f. Eastern
pro m. [plural: prouna plural: prana] parvdzaj m. sieve
Western straw saying literal to conduct saying literal The sieve does not see its hundred holes,
water under straw figurative to be very shrewd but sees the two openings of a water pitcher. figurative To see a
provl m. singular & plural person trading in straw; mote in the eye of another, and not to see a beam in one's eye
fodder merchant parvz m. proper name Parviz
pra f. coarse rice straw parvzaj m.
prozh f. project, scheme, design parvn 1 m. plural astronomy the Pleiades (star cluster) 2
prozhektr m. searchlight proper name Parvin
parosg 1 m. last year 2 in the year past, during last year 1
par f. 1 blade, paddle (of a water wheel, etc.) 2 edge, rim 3
parosg n parosganj
paroskalanj row, line; column; rank to walk in columns, march, walk
parosganj Eastern last year's a last year b or move in extended rank order to be placed standing
in the year just past in a row 4 grouping, group; company clique-formation,
133
cliquishness a to place in a row b to group c to parjd m.

create a grouping to join, adjoin someone or parj l m. 1 enclosed place where nomads live 2 curtain; blind
something a in groups b in rows c on end, upended parij n m.
to place in a row; spread out in a chain 5 peak (of a preistl transitive
mountain) preihka preihka divorced woman, divorcee
2
par f. search; raid, roundup to seek prbs present stem of
for, make a search; organize a raid prebdl transitive
1
purh r parh r m. 1 wound ulcer 2 blow, prebl transitive [present: past: ] beat, strike
injury a to be wounded b to be beaten severely pretorij f. Pretoria (city)
2
purh r m. noise made by the flapping of a bird's wings at 1 pare m. Eastern 1 parade assembly area (for a
take-off military operation) to organize a parade 2 roll-call
purhrbd m. monetary recompense for a wound 2 par m. 1 kind of haircut 2 pleat (in clothing)
purhrpa f. plantain; plantain leaf prech m. saucer
purhrdzhn purhrz purhrzhlaj 1 predl transitive Eastern
purharzhn wounded; injured to wound; injure 2 paradl intransitive [past: ]to run, retreat, chicken out
to be wounded; be injured prda Eastern vice
1 purhrj m. surgeon par m. 1
2 purhr pri pre thick, fat to consolidate, thicken to
paraband f. 1 grouping 2 squabbles; spats condense, thicken, become thicker
1 parad r furnished with blades, equipped with paddles pritb m. pritj f. priv laj m. fatness,
2 parad r m. supporter, participant, member of a group thickness, compactness
parhr m. 1 priavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
purharpa f. consolidate, thicken
prhosg m. priedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
prhosganj condense, thicken, become thicker
paravl transitive Eastern prz parz m.
parhj m. auger (for drilling stone) parezn f. diet
parhz m. 1 abstinence, moderation; restraint 2 diet 3 fast pregd present stem of
(from foods forbidden to be consumed during a fast) a to pregd l transitive
abstain from something b to observe a diet c to observe a fast preg starving, suffering from hunger, having or suffering from
a to violate a diet b to break a fast crop failure
parhezhn f. diet pris f. idle woman; woman who loafs
parhezk r 1 abstinent, moderate 2 devout, pious parsh paresh n presh n 1 upset, distressed 2
parhezkr f. 1 abstinence 2 observation of a diet 3 agitated, alarmed; worried 3 absent-minded, incorherent
observation or keeping of a fast a to be upset over, grieve b to be worried,
1
pre 1 cut off; cut; chopped off 2 clipped, trimmed 3 broken be agitated c to become absent-minded, become incoherent
off, torn off to worry about home 4 sorrowful (of thoughts,
2
pre Eastern a combination of the preposition and the meditation) 5 tossed about, disordered (of hair)
pronoun 1 on him, onto her, on them; on top of something pareshnh l 1 disturbed, grieved; alarmed 2
on him, on her, on them 2 concerning, about him, her, embarrassed, confused
them; in relation to him, her, them 3 for him, for her, for them 4 preshnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
with his, her, their help; thanks to him, her, them, this; because of to upset, grieve 2 to disturb, agitate 3 to scatter, spread
this He pitied him (her, them). preshna 1 2 feminine singular of
3
parj f. shovel (for digging irrigation canals) preshn pareshn f. 1 disorder, grief 2 melancholy; sorry
4
par f. fairy, peri (mythical being in Persian folklore having 3 worry, agitation 4 distraction, innattention 5 unpleasantness
female form, but formed of fire and descended from the fallen prikht periht f. angel
angels) prehka prehka f.
5
pre a separable verbal prefix, accented in the perfective prehl prehl transitive Eastern
aspect to leave to fall
134
prehodl preshodl transitive [present: past: prin m. 1 anatomy diaphragm 2 kind of children's game
]1 to leave, abandon 2 to let pass; let go; admit, allow 3 to parj m. arrangement, organization, setting something in
release (e.g., on bail) 4 to curtail, call a halt to to motion
break off the battle, curtail military operations 5 to allow, 1 parajj m. organizer, arranger of something
authorize Allow me to leave. Let 2 pri f.
him go. Let them go. 6 to desert, leave (a wife); give a divorce (to prv parv m. dialect
a wife) 7 to give up (a place) idiom Not to prevt m. plural 1 fall having fallen; at the
mention grown-up people. fall, drop (of) 2 the going down (of), setting (of the sun)
prehodna prehodna f. [plural: prehod The sun has set.

prehod] m. 1 leaving, abandonment 2 stopping, cessation 3 pariv r fairy-like
permission, leave, authorization 4 desertion (of a wife), divorce 1 prev n m. anatomy placenta
prehvl transitive prehovl transitive 2 prev n abundant, abounding in
prehovna prehovna f. prevn f. abundance, plenty, profusion
preh preh imperfective dialect prevatl intransitive [present: past: ]1 to fall,
prefbrik prefabricated (of houses) drop 2 to lie down (to sleep) 3 to flow into (of a river) 4 to set,
prefks m. prefix go down (of the sun) 5 to be perpetrated (of a raid)
perikrd m. anatomy pericardium, pericardial sac A raid was carried out on our village. 6 to be
prektn m. military tribunal, court owing from someone, impose upon someone (of a tax, fine) 7 to
prekn m. 1 solution, answer (to, of a problem) 2 fall upon, go for, fling oneself at Eastern He
understanding, arrangement 3 break (i.e., in diplomatic relations) jumped into the car. 8 to be lacking, not to have (appetite) 9 to
prka f. 1 a verbal understanding 2 set up camp, arrange a rest stop 10 to descend, ride down (from a
handsome or good-looking face; beautiful exterior, appearance mountainous locale to one lower down; e.g., from Kabul to
prekavl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to cut; cut off; Peshawar)
sever 1.2 to clip (the nails) 1.3 to interrupt (e.g., a speech) 1.4 prevatna f.
to cut down, fell 1.5 to break off (e.g., diplomatic relations) 1.6 prevta f.
to pay, pay off (a debt) 1.7 to solve, answer (e.g., a question, a prevtaj 1 past participle of 2 backward a
problem) passive 2 m. plural backward nation
prekn m. 1 answer, solution (e.g., to a question, a problem) prevdl transitive
2 betrothal, engagement betrothal, engagement 3 prevll 1 [past: ] transitive .1 to wash; wash
agreement concerning the wedding expenses thoroughly 1.2 to launder 1.3 to clean, brush (the teeth)
prekavna f. 1 cutting; severing; cutting off 2 clipping passive a to be washed out, be washed, be thoroughly
(nails) 3 cutting down, felling 4 breaking off (e.g., diplomatic washed b to be laundered c to be cleaned, be brushed (teeth) 2
relations) 5 paying off, paying up (a debt) 6 answer, solution m. plural washbasin
(e.g., to a question, problem) prevln m. prevlna f. prevl m. plural
1
prekavnaj m. cutting tool; chisel washing (out); bathing 2 laundering 3 brushing, cleaning (teeth)
prekedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be cut, cut off 2 to previndzl transitive
be cut off, be severed 3 to be clipped (nails) 4 to be cut down 5 prejst m. plural 1 throwing down, dropping, throwing off
to be broken off (of diplomatic relations) 6 to be paid up, be paid 2 flinging, throwing, throwing away 3 shooting, firing 4
off (of a debt) 7 to be answered, be solved (of a question, overturning 5 lying down to sleep 6 divorce (of a wife by
problem) husband)
pregd Eastern prejstl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to
1 premn m. 1 throw down, drop, throw off 2 to fling, hurl, throw; throw away 3
2 premn 2 to shoot, fire 4 to compel to lie down, put lying (an animal) 5 to
premishtl intransitive topple, overturn 6 to abandon, desert (a wife); divorce, grant a
premindzl transitive divorce (to a woman)
premishtl intransitive [past: ] to be settled; prejhtl prejhtl transitive dialect
live; dwell 1 p pa f. p plural pe plural 1 guilty, culpable
premindzl transitive [past: ] 1 to wash; 2 overcome, conquered
he washed himself 2 to launder 2 p m. 1 layer 2 story, floor
135
3
pa m. bridge prghsha f. knot in a sash (for holding pants up)
4
pu m. wedging, fastening with a wedge 1 pa m. strop (for sharpening a straight razor)
5
p intensive particle completely turbid; dark-brown 2 pa m. 1 crack, crash, crackle (as a noise) 2 smack, slap,
very greasy blow 3 cuff, box, clout
pat f. pastry or flour product similar in size and composition 3
p m. regional sparkling, glittering to sparkle,
to a tortilla but made with wheat flour glitter lightning flashed idiom I
pkh suddenly remembered. It suddenly occurred to me.
pk m. regional 1 tap 2 knock pakp m. rustling (of silk cloth, etc.)
pkj m. quick-tempered man, hot-headed man paraavl transitive
png m. snow leopard, Uncia uncia; leopard idiom paraedl intransitive 2
He likes to chatter. He is a gossip. 1 pak m. 2
pngpsh m. wild cat 2 pak m. 1 group of people (10-20 persons) 2 military half of
1 p nga [plural: pngi plural: png ni] a platoon (an eighth of a company) 3 crowd 4 flock, pack 5
feminine of flock of sheep (numbering 5 to 20)
2 pa nga f. thin stripe (e.g., in cloth) 3
pk m. 1 oscillation; agitation; trembling to
p na-v na f. 1 game of chance 2 bet shake to and fro; be agitated; tremble 2 sparkling, twinkling 3
pa v m. 1 rest stop, discount 2 stop (e.g., for a bus route) summer lightning 4 seething, bubbling
by stages, by phases 4 pk m. string of pearls
paps m. 1 pluck (i.e., the heart, liver and lungs of a pak m. 2
slaughtered animal, especially as used for food) 2 figurative pakmshr m. military noncommissioned officer;
scoundrel sergeant; company quartermaster sergeant
patb m. 1 guilt 2 defeat, loss pkavl transitive [past: ] 1 to disturb, shake; sway
patugh h m. partugh sh m. 2 to pull, tug 3 to set to trembling 4 to be in the grip of a fever
patug m. idiom to applaud, clap
pta f. net, snare pak f. puka f.
ptj f. 1 pakah r pakah r m. summer lightning
patsb m. dialect 2 pakah r m. 1 crack, crash, crackle 2 shuffling, smacking
pad f. regional secrets, mysteries (or similiar sound)
in secret, secretly 1
pakj m. 1 shinbone, tibia; bone into which avian
padaph padapsh metatarsals insert 2 ankle I've dislocated my foot.
pasmn 1 rotten, spoiled 2 blown up, swollen up 2 pkaj m. cord
psnda 1 swollen, inflated 2 sulking, angry 3 pakj f. trap, snare (for birds)
He sat sulking. pakajt m. puttees
pasb m. swelling to swell The 1 pakedl intransitive [past: ]1 to shake to and fro;
swelling is not going down. be agitated; tremble 2 to vibrate 3 to seethe, bubble up 4 to fear,
psavl transitive [past: ] to inflate, fill up (with be afraid of
air, with gas), blow, fan to blow air through a bellows 2 2
pakedl intransitive [past: ] to sparkle, twinkle,
to cause a swelling, swelling; cause the development of a swelling shine, beam
or tumor 3 to rise, arise (waves) 4 figurative to anger someone pam m.
5 figurative to incite against someone idiom to paambj f. bubble (in water)
become conceited, become swellheaded pmkh pmkhi 1 lying face up, lying prostrate on
psavna f. inflation, filling up (with air, gas); blowing one's back to fall flat on one's back; to
psedl intransitive [past: ]1 to swell, swell up, sprawl on one's back 2 turned over (on the back), toppled over
become inflated; become distended 2 to be inflated, be filled to turn, topple over a to fall sprawled on one's
(with air, gas); become inflated; get distended 3 to puff up 4 to back b to be turned or toppled over on one's back
rise (of dough) 5 to surge, make swells (of waves) 6 figurative 1 png m. 1
get huffy, grow angry 2 pang m. 1 mischief, prank, trick 2 a leper
psedna f. 1 swelling, swelling up; tumescence 2 filling 3 png m. hypocrite, two-faced person
up (with air, gas); blowing (i.e., bellows, fan) 3 distention pangj m. leper, person ill with leprosy
136
pna f. 1 compulsion, coercion 2 censure, blame pin doublet

pna-vna f. 1 ping m. 1 sobbing to sob
pv laj m. moaning, whining weeping (of children) 2
papaj m. exclamations of "Oh" and "Ah"
psti f. plural cooked grains of the maize or corn plant 2 ping doublet
1 pkaj m. 1 cord 2 ribbon, tape; thin braid pingh r m. continuous crying (of children)
2 pakaj m. small bridge; ship's bridge pajvl m. rope merchant
3 pakaj small herd of sheep prevlng m.
pavl denominative [past: ] 1 to find guilty; convict pazprekaj 1 having the nose cut off
2 to defeat, conquer, overcome proverb If he-who-was-deprived-
pumb f. pumb usually plural serum of-his-nose experienced shame, he would not recall the knife. 2
pavnd strong, robust shameless
pavna f. 1 finding of guilty; conviction 2 infliction of a pz vice 2
defeat, gaining of a victory pazghamj m. nose ring
panj m. shawl, veil, large chador to be pazakj f. small nose
covered with a chador; wear a chador 1 pazavl transitive [past: ] to smell, sniff, sniff
pvahna f. surveying of lands around; snuff
p vahnkaj m. surveyor 2 pzavl transitive dialect [past: ] to wound
1 pa paa f. dialect 1 censure, condemnation, (legal) pznaj m. lancet
conviction a to censure, convict, accuse b to inflict pazvahl transitive [past: ] 1 to squeeze out; press
defeat, conquer, overcome 2 fine 3 compulsion, coercion 4 out 2 to press; mash 3 to bleed, cause the flow of blood
injustice a to consider someone guilty b to paa f. Western 1 nose flat nose, snub
consider someone unjust nose to blow the nose; to clear the nasal
2 pa f. lining passages by blowing to become sharp,
3 pa f. feminine singular of 1 become pointed (of the nose, from thinness, etc.) to cause
4 p m. masculine plural of 1 a nosebleed a to cut off the nose b figurative to
patki f. plural fluttering (of a bird) to flutter disgrace, shame 2 muzzle, snout idiom full up to the
(of a bird) neck (food) idiom a to eat to satiety, stuff oneself b
paatsamkan m. plural 1 Parachamkani (tribe) 2 m. to grow angry, become wrathful idiom to be in very
Parachamkanaj (tribesman) difficult straits, be reduced to extremities to
palk m. obligation get angry, pout a to be without a nose b not to have a
paavl transitive regional conscience, be shameless, be brazen c to be ashamed of
pah f. dialect shoe, slipper to have one's nose in the air, be proud to
1 paj m. rope, cord, string saying literal to be arrogant, be haughty, be proud a to be inferior,
braid rope from sand figurative to mill about, beat the air submit to someone b to apologize to someone
to subordinate someone, enslave someone 1 pzi plural of
2 puj f. horse-drawn scoop (for leveling a field, scraping earth 2 pazj m. flair, feeling (for)
from it, or spreading something evenly over it), horse-drawn 3 paz f. portliness, corpulence
device for cleaning irrigation channels 1 pzedl [past: ] to be wounded; receive a wound; get
3
pj f. 1 construction materials (stone, etc.) prepared for the wounded
building of a house 2 planks or poles which compose a roof 2 pzedl intransitive [past: ] to boil, begin to boil
pikh flat-nosed; flattened puzn adjective made of matting, bast matting, matting
pikhpzaj snub-nosed; having a flat nose pzhrkaj 1 energetic, enterprising 2 ready to attack 3 angry
pedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be guilty, pazhmurdag f. 1 fading, drooping 2 figurative
be to blame; commit an offense 2 to suffer defeat 3 to be unjust depression, grief
4 to lose (in sport) pazhmurd 1 faded, drooping, withered 2 figurative
pis 1 fat, stout; corpulent 2 ugly (of a face) depressed; sad
pisv laj m. stoutness; corpulence pazhv k m. echo
pim m. 1 clot (of blood) 2 ball, lump pzhaj m.
137
pug m. 1 pstn back, backwards a to return,

pgaj m. body, trunk, torso come back b to step back, recede, depart to return, give
1 pas 1.1 after, later, after that, afterwards three back, turn back to return, step back
months later, after three months several days later, past m. back room, storeroom; pantry
1
after several days 1.2 subsequently 2 preposition, postposition 2 past oblique plural of 2
.1 after after that, after pstv laj m. 1 softness, tenderness 2 figurative gentleness,
after noon, in the afternoon after me meekness
in the future 2.2 beyond something, beyond the limits of pastu m. plural finely-ground flour, the finest wheaten
something beyond Gazni flour
2
pis m. arrogance, haughtiness; pride pstkaj m. ear lobe
3
pus m. ps whisper idiom to release gas; blow a pastavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
fizzer soften 2 to knead 3 to grind, pulverize 4 to loosen, hoe, dig all
4 ps dialect over again (earth) 5 to boil soft 6 figurative to render gentle,
pst m. 1 evil 2 mutiny, revolt; riots; disturbance 3 schism, tender, tractable
split a to cause harm, harm somebody b to stir up pastavnaj m. Indian lime-tree, Grewia oppositifolia
mutiny, revolt; cause a disturbance c to introduce a schism pastavr m.
pst m. rebel; rioter 1 pist f. pistachio (tree)
psr singular oblique of 2 past 1 feminine singular of 2 soft bread
1 psn m. grindstone, whetstone soft clay 2 f. liquid, fluid
2 psn Western plural of 1 3 psta after, later; after that, then, afterwards 1
pasnd z m. economy, savings compound 4 post f. 1
verb to save, economize, put aside as a reserve 5 psta feminine singular of 2
compound verb to be saved, be put aside as a reserve 6 psta interjection Giddyap! Get going!
national economies pastavr m. light rain
savings bank 1 past meanness, baseness to stoop to the
pis aj m. performance of base acts, act basely, do a mean, or base thing
ps v m. 1 leftovers from soup 2 brushwood, driftwood 2
post postal post-office line package
swept to the banks by a river current sent by parcel post
pasp withdrawing, departing to withdraw, depart 3
past 1 feminine plural of 2 soft wool 2 f.
paspard secret, hidden; suppressed; undercover posterior part of the tongue
1 pspas more rarely; rarely 4 post plural of 1
2 pusps: whispering back and forth to one pastedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
another to whisper, whisper in someone's ear soften, grow soft 2 to be kneaded 3 to be ground, be pulverized
they were whispering to one another 4 to be loosened, be hoed 5 to be boiled soft 6 to be gentle, be
puspusj m. pspsj m. whispering, tender, be tractable
whispering back and forth pastz soft, tender
1
post m. 1 pos m. posa f. 1
2
past 1 low low mountains road running posi 2
on a slope 2 figurative low, base paskh k m.
3 pust doublet paskhna f. 1
post l postcard pskhnd m. mockery; gibe to mock (at); to jeer
pistnd r mammals (at)
pastr f. pastries pskhand 1 m. scoffer 2 f. scoffer (female)
1 pastakj 1.1 soft, yielding 1.2 mild, tender 2 m. lobe of paskhurd f. leftovers; remains of a meal
the ear, earlobe paskh f.
2
pustkaj m. paskhedl intransitive
3
pastakj f. 1 sweet child, my dear (form of address to a psarlanj spring, vernal
little girl) 2 proper name Pastakaj psarlj m. spring, springtime psarl in spring
spring has come, spring has arrived
138
psarl proverb A fire in winter is better than the flowers psoledl intransitive [past: ] to be dressed up, be
in spring. proverb literal One flower does well-attired, dress oneself up, deck oneself out
not make a spring figurative One swallow does not make a psna plural of 1
summer. 2 proper name Psarlaj pasnaj m. 1 ambush pasni to lie in
pasrv 1 m. follower 1.2 [plural: pasrav n] ambush to set up an ambush for somebody
followers; suite, retinue 2 dependent; successive, sequential to hide oneself in ambush, conceal oneself
psravr wide, broad, expansive, spacious pasni to come out of ambush 2 man lying in ambush
psaravl denominative, transitive [past: ] dialect 1 ps m. [plural: psna] Western [plural: ps n] 1
to don, put on (headgear) to put on a caracul cap, ram, sheep sheep breeding
wear a caracul cap to crown (a king) wild mountain sheep (ram) ram of the Gissar breed
passab the day after tomorrow ram of the Gilzaj breed ram of the Khazar
puskv m. 1 one who emits gases 2 coward, faint- breed 2 dialect small horned domestic animals in general (sheep
hearted, pusillanimous fellow and goats collectively) 3 figurative blockhead, dimwit
pskava f. hawthorn 2 pus f. bread made from the seeds of the mastic tree
1 pskj m. whisper 3 psa after in the future we will try
2 pskj puskj f. gases (intestinal) to emit gases ps roznkaj m. shepherd, one who raises or breeds
idiom crow sheep
pasl m. time of the year, season pushr m. push raj m.
psla 1 1 pis arrogant, haughty; proud
pasmndag f. backwardness 2 ps pas pse dialect pas 1 postposition, either in
pasmnd 1 f. leftovers, remains of a meal 2.1 remaining; conjunction with the preposition or without it, and sometimes
surviving 2.2 backward with .1 after, immediately after one after the other
pasmn f. 1 incompleteness 2 lag After whom? one after the other 1.2 for (to
pismn arrogant, haughty, proud designate a purpose or goal) to go for a doctor
pasmanzr m. background to go on business Come pick me up
pasnd 1 selection, choice, approval 2 combining form a at the office 1.3 for (to designate a person from whom it is
approved, pleasing pleasant, nice b approving, necessary to obtain something) Write this down
acknowledging peaceful, pacific for me. 2 for him, for me, for them go after them, go for
pasandavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to them 3 after, afterwards proverb literal One's
approve 2 to prefer, select shirt is rather close to one's body. figurative Charity begins at
pasandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to home. Self comes first. 4 in connection with verbs
be approved; to please 2 to be preferred, be selected a to follow someone; pursue some one; chase
pasandid 1 approved 2 preferred, selected 3 pleasant; someone Follow after Bibo! b to track down,
pleasing keep a watch on someone
psnaj m. a to go after, follow someone b to pursue
psnedl intransitive [past: ] to whisper, speak in a someone a Ahmed follows Mahmud b
whisper Ahmed imitates Mahmud; a to undertake some
pasv behind the back of, in someone's absence work or other b to plan, conceive something
psor m. width, breadth in depth ... They planned that they would do thus to
psoravr follow someone to obtain something to look
psorz landscape for, search for 5 verb intensifier to increase all the
more, develop; increase, augment
1 psol m. 1 necklace of coins; necklace 2 adornment,
decoration
3
pse f. 1 entertainment and refreshment (on the occasion of
the birth of a daughter) 2 recompense (to a shepherd in
2 psavul transitive dialect
connection with the lambing time with sheep, and the seasonal
psoll transitive obsolete
bringing forth of kids by goats)
psolna f. decoration (the action)
psolavl transitive [past: ] to adorn, attire
pusedl intransitive [past: ]to whisper, converse in
1
whipers
someone
2
psedl denominative, intransitive dialect
139
psra besides, moreover besides a to pashmka f.

put aside, defer as less important b to place on top, put on the 1 pashmj m. two-year-old camel
surface c to display something a to turn out to be 2 pashm pashmn woolen woolen fabrics
superfluous b to be placed on top, be located on the surface c to pashmin 1 2 2 f. 2.1 (heavy, coarse) cloth;
appear woolen cloth 2.2 fine sheep's wool
pasesh behind the back pashminabf f. wool weaving
psikolozh f. psychology woolen mill, cloth factory, textile mill
pasn 1 subsequent 2 late; last pishng m. lead horse (in a caravan)
1 pasin f. grammar affix, suffix pishngraj m. kitten
2 pasin f. late sowing, late crop pish f. cat saying literal to send a cat to
pasj f. 3 2 watch the milk figurative to send a fox to watch the chickens;
psh vice in back of me; behind me send a goat to watch the cabbages
psh n pesh ni like as before, as formerly pishopj f. game played with a ball
pish-pish interjection Pussy! pussy! (to call a cat) pishokh m. galls (abnormal growth on plants)
pash-pash-pash used to call a camel pishrma f. marmot
1 pusht m. 1 back 2 1 3 pool, reservoir (for pishogj m. kitten
irrigation system) 4 support, prop pshavl transitive 1
2 psht m. laying (of eggs) pisholmj f. botany hedge-mustard, Sisymbrium
3 pusht Eastern pishngaj m.
4 psht interjection Shoo! (to a cat) 1 pash f. usually in compounds 1 gnat, mosquito 2 cards
pushtr f. 1 basket (of flowers) 2 armful; burden spades queen of spades
pushtrd m. Pushtrud (district) 2 psha psha 4
pishtk m. regional 1 short and tubby person; dwarf 2 pashabnd m. mosquito netting
resourceful person pshah r m.
pushtgr m. assistant pashakhn f. elm (tree)
pushtgra f. assistant (female) pashakhurk m. flycatcher (bird of the finch family)
pishtvl m. pasha 1 m. plural Pashai (nationality) 2 m. Pashai
1 pusht f. 1 foothills 2 hillock 3 ridge (of mountains) 4 (member of the nationality group) 3 the Pashai language
low ridge 1 pish f. [plural: pishij ni] kitten, cat idiom
2 pshta interjection 4 to exaggerate, drag out or
1 pusht f. 1 support, prop, assistance to support, complicate a matter to be extremely stingy, be
help 2 dust cover, folder 3 prop, support niggardly idiom a to fawn upon, truckle to b to
2 pishtj 1 undersized, stunted 2 m. terrier (breed of dog) pretend to be wretched or unhappy
pushtib n m. 1 patron, protector, defender 2 assistant 2
pishj m. [plural: pishij n] cat
pushtibn f. 1 patronage, protection 2 help; assistance 3
pshj f. handfuls of unripe wheat, (small) bundles of unripe
psharlj m. 1 wheat
pish b m. plate 4
pshe interjection scat to drive a cat away; to say
pishk m. 1 medicine ringworm 2 carrion crow (bird) "Scat!" Scat!
pishk b m. 5 pshj m. ram or goat with short ears
pashak l m. Eastern the period of time from July to pshedl intransitive
November; the rainy season psherl m. 1
pshkl m. plural hay, dry grass pshrla f. 2
pishkanj m. kitten 1 psherlj m. [plural: psherlij n plural:
pshkj m. 1 psherl] young ram in the second year
pshl behind the back, in the absence of to talk psherlj f. [plural: psherlij ni] young ewe in the
2
behind the back of, gossip second year

1 pashm m. singular & plural wool pshesh dialect vice
2 pashm m. light rain pasha
pashmk m. kind of halvah
140
ph m. 1 Western blacksmith pahtunisht n m. Pushtunistan

saying literal Once burned down, the smith's house is rebuilt pahtunistnj pahtunistn 1 adjective Pushtustanian
better. figurative Good can come out of evil. 2 smith's bellows 2 m. native of Pushtustan, Pushtun
2
puh m. hissing (i.e., of a snake); rustling (of leaves); the pahtunk m. Pashtunkot (district, admininistration
noise of the wind center)
phrtav l m. fianc pahtungalv f. pahtunv laj m.
ph rta f. phtunval f.
ph nga f. 1 angle, corner 2 angular part (of a water skin, puht f. 1 hillock 2 low ridge
etc.) 1 puhtj f. rib; ribs idiom I felt relieved, I
phanj smith's bellows felt as though a weight had been lifted from me
1 peht m. 1 family, clan, tribe Their family has 2 puhtj f. dust cover, folder
died out. 2 generation, posterity from generation to puhtedl transitive
generation unto the seventh generation 1 puhkj m. 2
2 puht m. phi dialect
pahtan m. oblique singular of phandaj m. 1 bracelet (worn on the legs by children up to
puhtl transitive the age of seven) 2 leg irons
puhtunkh f. puhtunkhv pahtunkhv f. phnga f. wooden pitchforks with two tines
Pushtunkhva (the ancient name for the country of the Afghans); phkhb f. south
Afghanistan and Pushtunistan phki f. plural boot leg, stocking leg
phtnv la f. phtnv laj puhtunv laj m. the puhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause hissing,
Customs and Conventions of the Afgans; the Code of Honor of the cause sputtering, cause sizzling 2 to inflate (blacksmith's bellows)
Pashtoons 3 figurative to anger
1
puhtna f. phvandj m. leg irons
2
pahtna puhtan 1 f. [plural: pahtan] Afghan phja f. grammar; spelling, orthography
woman, Pashtoon woman 2 f. adjective Afghan pha f. 1 foot a foot in the stirrup b ready for the
Afghan woman, Pashtoon woman road unsteady, unstable
1 pahtan plural of 2 folk saying literal He had two legs and used two
2 pahtan Afghan, Pashtoon more figurative May God give him (extra) legs 2 leg (e.g., of a
pht paht puht Eastern 1 f. .1 the Pashto language, chair) 3 branch (of a tribe), clan; generation 4 technology hammer
the Afghan language a to speak Pashto b to teach (in a crusher) to kick a to begin to walk,
Pushtu 1.2 1.3 honor, dignity; decency; modesty 2 walk (of a child) b to walk, stride quickly
adjective Afghan the Pashto language, the Afghan to authorize the fianc to visit the bride-to-be (literally: to take the
language " Pushtu Tolana", the Pashto Academy (in hobbles off) a to step in, enter b to go forward, stride
Kabul) the Pashto Academy (in Peshawar) a to look through the fingers at something
to observe or abide by the Code of Honor of the Afghans b a to move the feet away b to refuse something a
compound verb to translate into Pashto compound verb not to go somewhere b figurative to look for grounds, seek a
to be translated into Pashto pretext c to halt; linger; loiter d figurative to waver, show
pahtoplna f. interest in the Pashto language indecision to try to arrange a match, propose a
pahtopoh nd m. pahtod n Afghanist; specialist young man as a husband to stamp with the hoof (of a
in the Pashto language horse) to hasten, hurry a to ride
puhtavrga f. puhtavrgaj m. anatomy kidney roughshod over someone's rights b to trample, press down c to
pahtozhbaj adjective Pashto speaker enter, step in to be run off one's legs looking for
pahtn pkhtn Eastern puhtn 1 m. .1 [plural: something a to develop a callous on the foot b
paht n] Afghan, Pashtoon the Afghan figurative to be in a great hurry c to seek, make an intensive
people 4 1 1.2 1 2 1.3 proper name search, run off one's legs looking for something a to
Pashtoon, Pakhtun 2 adjective Afghan, Pashtoon the stamp the feet b figurative to hurry to resist
Afghan people Afghan Youth Pukhtun to be very careful a to be
Dzhirga (the Organization of Pushtuns living in India) obstinate, insist upon b to refuse Eastern
pahtunkhv f. to be beside oneself with joy; be walking on
141
air to prepare to flee, prepare to depart phedna f. hissing (e.g., snake)

a to stretch, extend the legs figurative b to loaf, idle phelts adjective barefooted, barefoot
a to move the legs aside b figurative to avoid, shun phem n regretting; repenting
someone a to be tottering on one's legs (from phem ntb m. phemntj f. repentance,
exhaustion), to strain one's strength to the breaking point b to regret
resolve not to go to have no desire to go to see phemnavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
someone to compel to repent or to regret (something)
to grow bolder to go on foot phem na f. 1 2 feminine singular of
a to stand on the feet (e.g., a child) b figurative to put phemn f. repentance, regret
someone back on his feet; help someone c to set someone against do not regret the past
another to incite against someone a to phemnedl denominative [past: ] to repent
stand upright b figurative to be independent (of) be sorry, regret
to fall down at someone's feet, entreat to wear pihn m. Pishin (city)
boots; put on shoes phjabl barefoot, barefooted
to throw oneself at someone's feet; bow the head pitrl petrl m. plural
to someone's, beseech someone a to throw pitrol petrol oil deposits
beneath the feet b to cross, traverse (e.g., a desert) c to trample patrijark m. patrijk m. patriarch
on someone's right d to ignore (advice, etc) a to patln oblique singular of
be thrown beneath the feet b to be trampled (of someone's rights) patln m. trousers (European type)
idiom south side, south idiom to have p'ivz vice instead of
been through a lot in life idiom to be devoted (introducing adverbial clause)
to someone to sit idly by a paghm n m. Pagman (city and district of Kabul province)
to treat someone meanly b to slander, calumniate idiom the Pagman Mountain Range
to subordinate oneself to someone idiom paghn f. hoeing soil, loosening soil compound verb
to lead nomadic life idiom He was to hoe compound verb to be hoed
squirming. He couldn't sit still to be tottering on pufk m. air rifle
one's feet (from fatigue, etc.) a to strain one's par m. Eastern vice
strength to the breaking point, get tired b to grow decrepit, 1 pk 1.1 bald, hairless 1.2 mangy 2 bald man; hairless man
become weak folk saying Two bald men and still they
phah r m. phah raj m. 1 noise, roar (of the don't get along.
wind) 2 heavy nasal breathing 3 hissing (e.g., a snake) 2 puk m. regional 1 opportune time; propitious moment
pha-artn m. pha-rta f. pha-art f. not to use, to allow a propitious occasion to slip by 2
1 visit by a fianc to the family of the bride-to-be (after the turn (as in "it's your turn") 3 fate, lot, portion, destiny 4 pak time
betrothal) 2 fete or celebration in the home of the bride-to-be 3 vesl m. oar, scull, paddle
(after the betrothal) 4 pak m. dandruff, scuff
phasraj m. chicken tied to the leg of the horse of the 5 pak
bride-to-be (it is slaughtered at the entrance of the house of the pk r necessary, needful, requisite What do
fianc) you require? I don't need anything.
pha-nivlaj 1 lingering 2 hesitatingly I would have to go.
He entered hesitatingly. pkravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to use,
phavndj m. hobbles; leg irons, fetters employ, utilize
1 phj f. botany rhubarb literal (white rhubarb) pkredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
edible rhubarb literal (red rhubarb) medicinal rhubarb used, be employed, be utilized 2 to be necessary
2 phe plural of pakt m. pact defense pact
phe-ble Eastern 1 barefoot paktij f. history Paktia the Province of Paktia
They (women) went barefoot 2 adjective barefooted pikang m. picketing to picket
phedl intransitive [past: ]1 to hiss (e.g., of a 1 pkar m. 1 begging, beggary 2 alms to beg; ask for
snake) 2 figurative to be angry, be in a bad temper to alms to give alms
be angry with someone 2 pkr
142
3 pkr clash; quarrel pagj f. large turban idiom to elect or

pkaravl transitive verb [past: ] 1 to scratch 2 choose as khan
to disturb (i.e., wasps) 3 figurative to anger, irritate pagjvl m. man wearing a turban
pkaredl intransitive [past: ]1 to be scratched 2 to pag m. pag regional Pagan (the eleventh month of the
be disturbed (e.g., of wasps) 3 figurative to be angered, be Indian calendar, February-March)
irritated paga f.
1 pk 1 poor 2 m. pauper 1 pal m. 1 sole (of foot) to identify
2 pk m. wood, timber (pine) footprints 2 footprint a to
pkaa feminine singular of 1 stride, step b to step in, enter a to follow in the
pkst pksta on purpose, intentionally, deliberately steps or tracks (of) b figurative to imitate to cover up
to do something on purpose or intentionally tracks; to hide, cover to follow the tracks, shadow
paksimt m. rusk to lose someone's trail to be on the track of (e.g., a
pkhi pkhe Eastern 1 in him, her, it, them thief) literal to take a step forward
... He wrote him a letter to pursue idiom
in which it was written that 2 among them to nourish a fierce hatred
1
pakl m. 1 light screening (of reed, rush, matting) 2 wattle 2
pal m. millstone
fencing 3
pul m. [plural: pulna plural: pul n] Western
pkl transitive [past: ] to take up with the tongue
2
bridge pl bridge toll to throw a bridge (across
from the palm of the hand (i.e., medicine) a river) proverb literal You can't
pek hide a camel under a bridge figurative "Murder will out" idiom
pkv laj m. baldness to display endurance, demonstrate patience; stand one's
pk m. winter cap ground
pkav f. ground haricot or French beans cooked with onion 4
pil m. 2
and red pepper 5
pl m. pil 1 moment, instant 2 minute
pkl m. 6
pl 1 liberated from something 2 forgiven 3 justified,
pkm vice vindicated 1
pkuj f. divorced woman who has remarried 7
pl castrated, neutered 3
1 pak pakk f. 1 fan to fan 2 damper, stove door 8
pal 1 doublet 2 doublet
2 pak f. 1 small handful of something 2 fine powder pl f. 1 time, occasion once, one time several
(medicine) to take up on the tongue from the palm of the times, repeatedly colloquial at once, at one go
hand (i.e., food medical powder) the first time, at first for the first time,
3 pka feminine singular of 1 for the fourth time more than three
4 pek f. bran, siftings (e.g., of maize) times another time this time 2 end, terminal,
pka bha f. carrion crow terminus, one-way trip idiom to travel on
pka tga f. business
paka pakka pakashkl pakkashkl fan-shaped (of pltn m. plural platinum
an antenna) pl m. idea, topic
1 pakj m. 1 fan 2 ventilator fan electric fan 1 plar m. [plural: plarna Eastern plural: plrna
2 pkj pukj diminutive somewhat bald, a bit thin on top plural: plr n] father ancestors from
3 pki generation to generation 2 founder idiom
4 pek present tense of 2 ! Eastern You have the best of automobiles!
5 pak plural of 1,2 2 plr vice
6 pk plural of 4 plrtb m. plrtj f. fatherhood
pkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to grow plrkhl m. father's tribe the tribe of the
bald; have one's hair grow thin or fall out bride-to-be on her father's side; the bride's patrilineal tribe
paga m. plrgalv f. fatherhood
paga f. 1 collective work; assistance; to work to make a paternal admonition
collectively, work together, work jointly 2 obsolete to plrmaj 1 deprived of a father, having lost a father,
exterminate a hostile tribe to the last man orphaned 2 m. orphan
143
plrv laj m. plrval f. platj f.

plra vice pla m.
plz m. throne platl [past: ] 1 to look for, search for, seek out, trace
plzmnaj m. capital to ferret out deficiencies 2 to search 3 to investigate
1 pl s vice plamn
2 pls m. pliers pln f. regional military 1 infantry regiment 2 infantry
plstr m. 1 plaster (construction material) 2 medicine pland 1 2 inquisitive, curious
plaster 1 plana f. 1 inquests, inquiries 2 search 3 investigation
plstk m. plastic scientific investigations a to look for, search
plstik adjective plastic for b to find something c to do research to carry
plsm f. biology plasma out an investigation; to subject to an investigation 4 military
plsent f. anatomy placenta reconnaissance encounters of local importance 5
pl l m. pl la f. straw (usually rice) examination; check
1 pln m. plan according to plan, 2 palna f.
in accordance with the plan plan for plnj m. Eastern colloquial soldier
developing the national economy Five Year Plan 1 plan m. inquiry
Ministry of Planning attributive 2 plan m. regional military platoon
planning, plans to carry out a plan, execute a plan plankaj 1 present participle of 2 m. investigator
to draw up a plan, plan pulchk m. little bridge
2 pul n Western plural of 3 plts long and thick (of goat's wool, etc.)
3 pln pronoun pltse f. plural long, thick wool (e.g., goat's)
pl nda f. sports wrestling pltsevr having long wool
plnkj pronoun pul-i-khumr Pul-i-Khumri (city)
plnguzr f. plnng m. planning plrganj f. relatives, relations (on the father's side)
plnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to plan, plaranj paternal fatherland
draw up plans pils m. scales (fish)
1 pl na oblique of 1 puls z 1 adjective bridge-builder 2 m. bridge construction
2 pl na feminine singular of 4 pulsz f. construction of bridges, bridge construction
plnj pronoun plstr f. stocking
plnr m. glider plshta f. prostitute
1 pl a f. 1 water conveyed in a water-skin from afar 2 large palgh plagh 1 fast walk, quick pace to walk
water-skin full of water quickly 2 dialect quickly, at once
2 pl a f. 1 threshing floor 2 packsaddle I quickly urged the horse on (after him), but did not
pul v m. 1 pilaf 2 groats idiom to build castles overtake him.
in the air; fantasize palgha f. swiftness, quickness
palp m. antenna, palpus palghal 1 good-for-nothing, useless 2 hypocritical 3 base
palp f. eradicating tracks; concealment to 1 plk m. blacksmith's hammer, sledgehammer
eradicate tracks, eliminate footprints; to hide, cover up 2 pilk m. 1 eyelid 2 instant, moment
palp 1 hidden, secret 2 hushed-up (of an affair, mater) 3 plak tautological with
to eradicate tracks; hide; cover up palksh m. scraper, scoop, shovel
pulpajs f. bridge toll 1 plka f. 1 nail 2 button, knob 3 botany fruit stalk idiom
plat m. 1 plot, small piece of ground 2 sketch 3 project, idea to beat up, pound, beat to be beaten up,
platrj f. squatting on one's haunches, sitting cross-legged pounded on
to squat on one's hunches 2 plk f. hilt (of a saber)
paltg m. following someone; pursuing someone palakj f. iron pintle locking the plowshare to the plowbeam
pltnd tossing restlessly (of a sick person) plag m. electronics plug
Yesterday he came down with a fever, and he tossed palgv ha f.
restlessly all night.
palt f. palit 1 fuse, wick 2 cord
144
palm f. pretext, occasion, excuse, subterfuge, ruse palv ha f. pulv ha 1 loop, frog (for a button) 2 hobbles 3
to seek refuge in excuses, resort to ruses; use lasso, lariat
cunning, use guile idiom to slander, discredit plv laj m. forgiveness
1 pln plan 1 broad, wide, expansive in depth 2 obtuse pulv n m. bridge builder
(angle) idiom to play the simpleton pltsa f. paltsa botany Indian acacia, Acacia modesta
2 paln obsolete pedestrian, related to walking, on foot plor m. 1 price 2 selling, sale; buying and selling (i.e.,
plnp aj m. cabbage trading); transaction
plnpzaj flat-nosed, snub-nosed plortn m. market
plntb m. plntj f. plorlaj m. company
plandr m. [plural: plandarna] stepfather plrdzj m. shop; place where something is sold
plandj f. 1 marsh, swamp 2 figurative betrayal, cheating, bookstore
swindling plorl 1 [past: ] transitive to sell
plna f. 1 load, burden 2 kit; knapsack to sell to someone passive to be sold 2
plan m. porter; stevedore m. plural selling; sale sales agent
plnsraj m. 1 wooden spade 2 blockhead, fool manager of a (the) commercial section
1 plnghvagaj m. elephants plorna f. selling, sale
2 plnghvge f. cow, female elephant plornkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. vendor
palng m. bed plorj merchant; trader
palangph m. bedspread, coverlet plorna f. selling, sale
plnv laj m. 1 width; breadth; expanse 2 square, plaza pla f. anteroom, hall, lobby
plnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to widen; m botany purging cassia, Cassia fistula
make extensive, extend 2 to throw down and pound someone plsa f.
plnadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be palvash f. 1 ray sunbeam, ray of the sun
widened; be extended to sparkle (diamond) 2 tongues (of flame) idiom
1
palv m. palu plv 1 side, direction, flank south luminary of science
side to the south, on the south right side pulvha palvh
on the right, to the right left side plavgha f. palavgha 1 money given by the head of a
on the left, to the left across, on the other side household to relatives (on the occasion of a family celebration) 2
(of) look here (this way) money given by a financ to his bride (at the first meeting)
! Put this book alongside of that one! 1 plavl plavl pulavl denominative Eastern [past:
literal & figurative to stand aside a from the ]1 to release, liberate 2 to forgive to forgive someone
point of view of b the subject of the action in the passive voice for sins or an offense (upon setting out on a journey); bless
is expressed with the assistance of this location someone for the road 3 to justify
Measures were taken by the government 2 palavl denominative, transitive [past:
2
] to pace off,
figurative relationship in an economic relationship measure by pacing (i.e., land)
3 width, panel (i.e., of a tent, pavilion); side, lateral wall 4 3
plavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to castrate,
border, edge the edge of a forest glade to neuter gelding castrated ram, castrated buck
cover the face with the edge of something; cover up with the edge palvn 1.1 fat, portly, stout 1.2 stupid; dimwitted, obtuse 2
of something idiom to ask someone for help, m. .1 fat person 2.2 blockhead
assistance a to support someone, be on someone's side b palvantb m. palvantj f. palvan f. 1
to ask for forgiveness to be on stoutness, obesity 2 stupidity 3
someone's side so and so is on my side, so and 1 plavna f. 1 liberation 2 forgiveness 3 justification
so supports me a to ask for help (a woman) b to 2 palavna f. pacing off, measuring by paces (i.e., land)
ask forgiveness (a woman) 3 palna plural of 1
2 plo oblique plural of 1 4 pulna plural 3
3 pul oblique plural of 3 palva oblique of 1
4 plo oblique plural of 1 1 plav palav 1.1 being alongside, neighboring, adjoining
palv raj m. palv aj m. tea rose 1.2 having contiguous plots of land 2 m. partisan, supporter
145
to be a supporter (of a person, idea, etc.), support someone or 2 plet m.

something palitka f. 1 fuse, wick 2 flame, (small) light
2
palavj m. the outside or further ox (of a team engaged in palitavl [past: ] 1 to soil, muddy 2 to defile
grinding grain on a circular threshing floor) plitnaj f. bobbin, spool
3
palavj f. 1 fully-grown girl 2 palavj ni women, the 1 palt f. 1 fuse, primer (of a weapon) 2 corn ear with husk
women's half of the house which has just formed
4 palav m. kind of mulberry 2 palta feminine singular of 1
plavdz m. neighbor palit f. 1 mud 2 manure 3 figurative vileness, baseness,
1 pl f. pl 1 tendon; sinew, ligament 2 nerve loathsomeness
to hold oneself in check; to display self-control 3 palitedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be soiled, be
muscle 4 vegetable fiber idiom to nourish a fierce muddied 2 to be defiled
hostility or hatred; to hate ple 1 photography plate 2 regional dish, plate
2
pul f. [plural: pul] cooked corn kernels plef rm m. railroad platform
3
pal f. pall pl pan (of scales) to outbalance, plen m. weaver's beam
weigh (all or a quantity) 2 panel (of a door), half a double door 3 pald 1
convenient occasion; auspicious moment 4 advantage palid f.
to overcome, overpower puls m.
4
pal f. dialect edge; flank, side idiom to plek m. water-powered rice huller
support, help polign firingrange
5 pla pl oblique singular of 3 pll m. plural
6 pla f. cow, female elephant plevr m. anatomy pleura
7 pla f. feminine singular of 7 pam m. 1 scab; itch; mange 2 dandruff 3 bran, siftings 4
8 pl oblique singular of 1, 3 crumbs
plailj f. coot (the bird) pumbach f. pumbach f.
plapas 1 pumb f.
plapasetb m. plapasev laj m. 2 pamb f. crumbs
sequence; continuity; uninterruptedness pambachin f. pumbachin
pla-pri pla-pre Eastern 1.1 adjoining, situated pambj m. 1 cattle shed; stable 2 2
alongside 1.2 closed, shut (e.g., doors) a to join, pumbech m. pumbech f. 1 stalk of cotton plant,
connect b to close, shut 1.2 a to be joined, to abut Asiatic cotton plant, Gossypium asiaticum 2 dry cotton boll
(upon) b to be closed, be shut 2 nearby, with one another, near, pamp m. pump
right up against close by the city pumdn f.
platga f. asbestos pamn scabby; mangy, suffering from the mange
1 plaj 1 m. [plural: pli] .1 pedestrian sidewalk pamnk m. regional 1 scab; itch 2 leprosy
a to set down b to dismount a to alight; come pamnko m. regional 1 mangy, scabby 2 leprous
off of b to dismount 1.2 infantryman 1.3 [plural: pli] pamnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to infect
infantry Infantry Officers Training School 1.4 with scab, infect with mange
chess pawn 2 on foot idiom stupid, dimwitted, one pamna f. regional scab; itch
who has lost possession of his faculties pamnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2
plj f. 1 pod pod of Phaseolus aconitifolius (a infected with scab (rash); be covered with mange
kind of bean) 2 clove (of garlic) 3 bundle of cut willow withes pamech pumech
3 palj f. spoke (of a wheel) pun m. dialect
4 pluj f. 2 1 pan f. 1 refuge, asylum, shelter, safe haven, cover 2
5 pulj f. blister, bump protection, guardianship, patronage a to request asylum;
6 pl pl plural of 1 seek asylum b to request protection, patronage compound
7 pul plural of 2 verb a to give shelter, grant asylum, hide b to defend, act as
8 pal pall plural of 3 patron a to seek asylum; lie in hiding, be hidden b to
9 pal plural of 4 be protected to conceal oneself, hide oneself, disappear
1 palt 1 muddy, soiled 2 defiled 3 disgusting, nasty, base The sun was hidden behind the mountain
146
to be out of sight (hidden from pandzhar f. pandzhr pandzharj f. 1 (window)

the eyes) to seek protection a to be lattice, grille 2 (latticed) window 3 cage (for birds); open-air
concealed, be hidden, be out of sight b to come running for cage; voliere
protection or patronage c to avoid (something) idiom pandzhshamb f. Thursday
! God protect us from this! ! God forbid! pandzhshr m. Pianjshir (district)
2
pan to remove, eliminate, take away pandzhsher pandzhsherj 1 Pianjshirian 2 Pianjshirian
3
pn f. 1 pouring; sprinkling to pour, sprinkle 2 (person)
drizzling rain a to flow b to drizzle pandzhsum f. 1 five-sum (i.e., monetary unit) 2 history
pandz j m. pang h f. gold 5 sum coin
pnmkh behind someone's back, in someone's absence pandzhghishj m. pandshghahj m. 1 rake 2
pnm vice wooden pitchfork
pan h f. 1 pandzhk m. history tax amounting to one-fifth share of a
panhdz j m. 1 harvest to levy or collect a tax
panhg f. panhg h 1 shelter, asylum gas- amounting to one-fifth part of a harvest
proof shelter 2 military dugout bomb shelter 3 pandzhkor f. Pandzhkora (district, Peshawar)
fence to fence in 4 figurative asylum, shelter pandzhakj m. 1 crossbar of sling (weapon), sling grip 2
last refuge, shelter to find shelter door handle, door knob
panhguzn m. panhgr m. refugee 1
pandzh f. 1 hand (from the wrist to finger-tips), hand and
pan h varkavnkaj m. patron five outstretched fingers 2 foot, sole 3 paw 4 claw, talon
pan h vnkaj 1 appealing for help 2 m. refugee to seize with the paws or claws 5 fork (eating utensil) idiom
panhi f. 1 shelter, asylum 2 protection, patronage to measure one's strength
a to seek asylum b to seek protection, seek patronage to deal with a subject, treat a theme
pumbdn f. to cut slashes into bread dough (to bake it more thoroughly)
pumb pamb f. cotton raw cotton attributive 2 pandzh f. the Pyandzh River b-i the Pyandzh
cotton cotton plant turning over River
of cotton, delivery of cotton cotton procurement pandzhabb f. crab
harvesting of cotton planting of pandzhachin r m. plane tree
cotton cotton grower cotton production pandzhhazr f. history post or function of chief of a
sowing cotton, planting cotton detachment of fifty men
cotton mill attributive cotton procurement pandzhag f. military cartridge clip
attributive cotton-planting attributive cotton panchr puncture (tire)
growing pundz m. obsolete creation, origin
pumbabf f. cotton weaving cotton- pindzakz five-shot (of a rifle)
weaving mill pindztsn pentagonal
pumbachin f. cotton picking, cotton harvesting pindzrupagz m. five-rupee bank note
pumbakr f. cotton growing, cotton production pindzsavz m. 500-afghan, rupee, etc. bank note; five-
pumba cotton, of cotton hundred denomination bill
cotton fabric pindzkblza f. obsolete a five-Kabul-rupee coin
pandzh b m. Punjab pindzokaln
pandzhb pandzhbj 1 adjective Punjabi 2 m. Punjabi pandzko f.
(person) pindzgvaj pentagonal
pandzhlj f. small window pindzgn pindzgnaj
pandzhp o m. pandzhp j m. Pandzhpao (one of the pindzlas number fifteen
two principal branches of the Durrani) pindzlasm ordinal fifteenth 2
pandzhpul f. panjpuli (Afghan 5 pul coin) pindzlasvradzanj every two weeks, semi-weekly;
pandzht r m. panjtar (five-stringed musical instrument) fortnightly pay
pandzhdh m. & f. Panjdeh (a district) pindzm ordinal fifth idiom fifth
column
pindzs number fifty
147
pindzospulj m. pindzospul f. fifty-pul coin, half pundn f. cottonseed

afghani pandtj f. 1 wisdom 2 opinion; cleverness
pindzosmshr m. history commander of a fifty-man pandnm f. 1 book of advice; instructions, precepts 2
detachment testament
pndzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to create 2 to fill pand varkavnkaj m. preceptor
up (e.g., a bag) 3 to cause to be successful 4 to increase, multiply pundk m. bud; blossom
pndzn m. 1 nature, creation 2 origin, provenance pandl m. pendulum
pndzavna f. creation (the act) 1 pnda f. 1 2 2 decorative mountings on a saber
pindz 1 number five a five days b figurative scabbard
human life (shortness, etc.) 2 group of five, fivesome 2 pnda f. 1
proverb literal If the matter is delegated to 1 pndj f. botany Erophila verna
five, then it will go wrong. figurative Too many cooks spoil the 2 pundj f. 1 2 2 steel or iron tip of a spear or javelin
broth. pandr m. plural
2 pndza f. pandirk m.
pindz ban m. plural religion the five principles of Islam pan m. 1 pack, bale 2 load, pack (animal), burden (head)
(Kalima: Recital of the Creed; Namaz: Performance of Divine bundle of hay 3 figurative burden, incubus
Worship (prayer) five times daily; Fasting: Fasting in the month of 2 pan m. large dam, weir to build a dam
Ramadan; Zakat: alms (legal and determined); there are also pn m. pun [plural: pnd n pun n] 1 detachment;
voluntary alms (sadaqat); Hadj: Pilgrimage to Mecca) group 2 tumor, swelling; lump 3 anatomy vagina
pindzpa five-story five-story building 4
pn m. pun 1 steel (for striking fire from flint)
pindztsnz m. 1 pentagon 2 pentagonal steel 2 firing pin, hammer (of a flintlock rifle)
pindztsukz five-pointed five-pointed 5
pn 1.1 fat; fatty; stout fat person thick
star needle 1.2 rude; sharp 1.3 rounded up; assembled 1.4 Waziri
pindzzaj five-shot (of a rifle) mustered, assembled (people) 2 fat person idiom
pindzghahj m. six-year-old camel (i.e., one entering ! May your house be a full goblet! Live in wealth!
the 6th year, being fully 5-years old) pn r m. crowd
pindzkasz five-man (consisting of five men) pnra f. payment; collection (for musicians)
pindzkaln pindzkalanj five-year pn v chrg m. fighting cock, gamecock
five-year plan panvr covered with down (of a fledgling)
pindzgn pindzgnaj 1 quintuple, consisting punbakrj f. steel (for striking fire from flint)
of five parts panchashila (the five principles of pant m. pundit (title of an educated Hindu)
peaceful coexistence) 2 five-fold pntb m.
pindzlas number pntn m. 1, 2
pindzvsht number twenty-five panta f. mockery, ridicule, gibe
pindzjak one-fifth pntj f.
3 pndzj f. sack (for smoking materials) 1 pngh laj m. cattle shed; pen (cattle) sheep pen,
pndzedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be created 2 to sheepfold
be filled (with) 3 to have success 2
pngh laj m. place where guests are received and
pindzs consisting of five parts, quintuple entertained
pants f. pndghalj m. piece of leather attached to the heel for
1 pand m. 1 advice, instructions, moral admonition to walking
give advice to derive a lesson for oneself punk m. blossom
from something 2 wisdom 3 rule of conduct 4 dialect ruse, 1 punkj f. bandage; piece of cloth applied with adhesive to
deception, guile to deceive a wound to bandage a wound
2
pand m. 1 distance 2 removal; departure; leaving; exit 3 2 panakj m.
journey to go away; to leave; to depart; to exit pngr m. craftsman engaged in making steels (for striking
3 pnd m. enmity fire from flint)
pind r m. 1 imagination; opinion 2 conceit to panl m. 1 boundary strip; berm of road 2
speak haughtily 1
pn f. assemblege, mob, crowd (people)
148
2 pno oblique plural of 1 pansr m. pansrj dealer in paints, oils, and related
3 pn oblique plural of 1-4 sundries
pnv laj m. 1 obesity 2 stoutness, embonpoint pnsraj m.
corpulence pansaj m. dialect
pnavr having thick calves, fat-legged pinsl m. pansl pensl [plural: pinsalna pansilna
pns m. pns [plural: pndos n plural: pensilna Western plural: pinsal n pansil n pensil n]
pnosna] ball to play ball 2 ball, clod pencil pencil
to play with snowballs, have a snowball pinsalp k pensilp k m. eraser (pencil)
fight 3 pns [plural: pnus n] fat man penisiln m. plural penicillin
pnoska f. pnskaj m. pnsa f. ball, pinsn m. Eastern
small ball to play ball pinshn m. regional pension
panukm r m. 1 porter 2 petty thief pinshan m. regional pensioner
pankaj m. panke f. 1 small load, burden; 1 png m. hum, buzz, drone
knapsack; bundle 2 sheaf (e.g., of letters) 2 pang tautological with
pnavl punavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 pingp ng m. ping-pong, table tennis
to make fat, fatten 2 to make look fat, overfill 3 to drive cattle punglj f. punglj native wind instrument similiar to the
(into a herd); bring together (people for a feast, for conversation) 4 Persian zurna
to round up (cattle into a herd); bring together (people for a feast, pngavl transitive
for conversation) 1 pnga f.
pnolgr m. cotton harvester 2 pung f. bud to bud
1 panolj m. share of cotton given by the owner of the field 3 pnga f. deep-bedded river (flowing through a plain or a
to a hired worker for harvesting the cotton forest)
2
panol f. picking, harvesting cotton or fruit for pay pangav l m. capitalist
to pick or harvest cotton or fruit for pay 1 pungj f. 1 reed (for native wind instrument similiar to the
3
pnolj f. sheet, bedding (onto which fruit is dumped Persian zurna) 2 smooth depression, hollow
from the tree) 2 pungj f. peddler's wares
pnn m. 1 1, 2
2 round-up, drive (of cattle) 3 pungj f. door hinge
pna f. 1 burden; bundle, sheaf 2 alms, charity
1
4 pungj f. budlet, small bud
2 pa feminine singular of 5 5 pngj m.
3 pnda f. 1 heated iron 2 piece of clay taken up by a spade pungjfursh m. peddler, travelling, itinerant merchant
4 pna f. party of guests served in turn pinl transitive
1 panj m. [plural: panij n] porter; stevedore pinhm 1 concealed; hidden 2 secret, secure, mysterious
2 punj f. 1 anatomy shin; calf (leg) 2 technology funnel, 1 pinj panj m. botany 1 Western agnus castus, Kochia 2
cone 3 wooden trunk, chest, box panj Eastern beard-grass, Andropogon muriaticum 3 dialect
3
pin f. regional colloquial Rawalpindi (city) vetiver, Cuscus-Vetiveria zezanoides
4
pni feminine plural of
5
plump-kerneled 2 1 m. pan plural Pani (tribe) 2 panj m. Pani (tribesman)
rice, mealy rice panr m. plural cheese
5 pnj f. iron tip, point panirk m.
pnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to panirmj f. clabber, curds (for cheese)
become thicker, condense, thicken 2 to grow fat, put on weight, paner 1 garden 2 attributive flowers
grow stout 3 to swell up; become swollen 4 to be rounded up (in pank m. panic
a herd, flock); stick together (in flocks) 5 dialect to assemble (of p full, filled
people); throng pu ki f. plural bounds, leaps (of an animal) to
panirk m. mallow, hollyhock, marsh mallow leap, bound (of an animal)
panerj m. wicker corncrib pa v m. competition, contest
pnevr long-legged pasj m. dialect
panr m. pul m. soft inner seed portion of the pit of a fruit
1 puns numeral five hundred padz j m. panodzaj m. entrance hall, lobby
2 pens m. penny (coin)
149
pavl transitive [past:

1
] to pour (on, upon); water, potj f. 1 face, image 2 stitched book 3 notebook; blank
irrigate notepad
puavl transitive [past: ] to skin, pare, peel; clean
2
1
po m. 1 hide 2 skin, rind a to skin, flay b to
(seeds) peel, debark, decorticate
1
pa f. slippers (Middle-Eastern type) 2
po m. 1 misfortune, grief 2 disagreement, discord;
2
pa f. 1 pouring; irrigation, watering compound verb dissention
to pour (on); irrigate, water to be poured; be irrigated 2 3 po social gathering, party
initial irrigation (of a field) 4 pu 4
3
p pa gathered around, forming a group around 5 pu tautological with
somebody; surrounding somebody to be assembled po s m. plural
or grouped around somebody; surround somebody puskaj m. 2,3
1 pa m. paj 2 1 pokaj m. 1 skin pelt 2 hide to
2 pa plural of 1 skin, flay 3 skin, peel, rind, pellicle poki a to
pa gannkaj m. slipper maker, shoemaker clean; remove, strip off (hide, etc.) b figurative to thrash, beat up
1 pu m. no plural form 1 blowing, breathing someone idiom to worry about, torment oneself
2 linguistics aspiration idiom saying the man is hardy
incantation 2 pokj small hill, hillock
2
pu light, lightweight pokajvl m. singular & plural tanner
3
pu m. raids, investigations, searches puganj f. 1 shelter; asylum; secluded place 2 ambush
4
pu children's speech 1 m. fire 2 hot compound verb puavl transitive dialect
to burn up pune f. ambush
5 po f. the Po (river) 1 poj m. [plural: poi plural: poij n] hill, small
6 po dialect 1 mountain
puvr f. fountain 2
paj m. paj 1 small piece 2 fragment of some substance
pv 1 dirty, unclean, foul to be dirty, be unclean 2 3 crumb (e.g., bread) compound verb to
m. guttersnipe cut up carelessly; crumble to be
pv a feminine singular of crumbled; be divided into bits 4 pigmy, dwarf
puptanj m. hoopoe (bird) 3 puj m. Eastern small box
1 pupk m. [plural: pupakna plural: pudzh f. 1 weeding; thinning out 2 pruning (of branches)
pupak n] Western air rifle a to weed; thin out b to prune (branches)
2 popk m. pompon puch 1 stupid, senseless, absurd; frivolous to talk
pupka f. popka 1 bump; swelling 2 pompon nonsense, talk drivel ! No nonsense! to use
popl m. 1 Popal (branch of the Dur(r)ani tribe) 2 Popal foul language 2 bad, evil (of a disposition) 3 spent (cartridge
(tribesman) 3 proper name Popal case)
popalz m. plural Popalzai
1 popalz m. plural puch t m. plural empty words, mere words, absurdity
(branch of the Dur(r)ani tribe) 2 popalzj Popalzaj puchkhultb m. puchkhultj f. foul language
(tribesman) puchkhlaj swearing, using foul language
popln m. poplin (cloth) puchk m. empty cartridge casing, spent cartridge casing
pupn annihilated, destroyed to annihilate, destroy puchk g m. cartridge-case ejector
a to be annihilated, be destroyed b to die out, be extinct puchka f. freshly-set melon-fruit
pupj m. 1 bat 2 puchg m. windbag
1 pot m. thin felt (used for oriental robes) puchgo f. idle talk to talk nonsense; engage
2 put m. son in idle talk
pot s m. plural potasijum m. plural potassium puchurd m. 1 nonsense, rubbish 2 verbal abuse
potassium permanganate to use foul language
potakj f. necklace puchavl denominative [past: ] 1 to dupe, make a
pavtl m. garbage, waste fool of 2 to fire (cartridges) 3 to bring to naught (e.g., someone's
potlj f. large doll; puppet, marionette action)
pta f. ox hide (without the head, and legs) 1
pcha feminine singular of
150
2 pcha f. Western puar powdered, pulverent

puchj f. unripe melon pung pudding
paudz m. 1 por m. 1 debt; credit; loan extended credit;
pavdz long-term loan bond, debenture commercial
putsk f. potska corn which has reached a state of milky credit cash, monetary loan; credit history
ripeness Lend-Lease on loan, as a loan, on credit as a
1
potskj m. ear lobe loan, in the form of a loan Who is in debt to
2
potsakj f. mushroom you? I owe ten rupees.
1 ptsa f. cottage cheese; cheese of curdled milk to To whom are we in debt? to take out a loan, incur a
curdle debt, obtain credit to recover a debt
2 pots f. garbage, waste to pay off a debt to ask about the granting of a
1 potsj f. ear lobe loan to demand payment of a debt to
2 potsj f. skein of wool (for yarn-making) recover a debt compound verb to be in debt to
3 potsj m. cotton ball lend, make a loan, offer credit He is up to his
pokh pakh f. [plural: pkh f. plural: pakh] 1 neck in debt. to sell on credit
ripe, mature 2 ready, prepared (for the table), cooked 3 to buy on credit
experienced, able, skillful proverb saying debt on the back and the sheep is dying (descriptive
literal With a good cook, the meal is prepared slowly. figurative of the hopelessness of a situation) saying Debts
Haste makes waste. 4 wordly, having a view tempered by life 5 spoil relationships. 2 blood-feud debt vengeance
well-considered, well-thought-out (e.g., an answer) 6 elderly; old; for one killed to take revenge for a
of a ripe or mature age 7 reliable, tested (e.g., method) 8 not murder ! saying Ah blood feud, thou has
liable to fade (cloth); fast (dye) 9 paved paved road, ruined two houses! idiom to die
paved highway 10 learned by heart, learned 11 active (e.g., of 2 pore Eastern 1 2, 3
trading) finished articles fire-baked bricks 3 pr used in geographic names Sultanpur (settlement
firm friendship a sworn enemy; fierce foe near Dzhalalabad)
capital construction regional stamped paper; purjna f. pur f. 1 execution, implementation 2
(official) form well-written article to be creation of reserves (i.e., of provisions) to
seriously wounded create reserves (i.e., of provisions)
to take a decisive step, take decisive measures porttf portable; transportable
pokhtb m. pokhtj f. 1 ripeness, maturity port-af-spn m. Port-of-Spain (city)
2 experience, skillfulness 3 fastness (of dyestuffs) portrt m. portrait
pukhj tautological with portugl m. Portugal
pukhl portugl portuglj 1 m. Portuaguese (person) 2
pukhle f. plural 1 adjective Portuguese
pukhle-tukhle f. Eastern whooping-cough portanj 1 upper, higher, topmost 2 above-mentioned,
pokhn well-developed, mature, smart (of a child) above-cited, foregoing idiom portan literal
pokhv laj m. In the Upper Heaven figurative in the Other World, in Heaven
pokhvl transitive dialect portoprns m. Port-au-Prince (city)
pkha f. leather strip prtonovo f. Porto-Novo (city)
pokhedl intransitive prta 1.1 above, overhead from above
pudr m. singular & plural 1 powder tooth from top to bottom 1.2 upwards, to the top
powder 2 any substance consisting of ground or pulverized upwards, upwards from 1.3 above (of a quoted text, etc.) 2.1
particles upper 2.2 higher 2.3 above-mentioned, above-cited, foregoing
pudarpsh f. pulverization, sprinkling The foregoing does not evoke doubts.
1 pud f. textiles woof, weft a to rise up, climb up b to grow, increase, rise (prices)
2 pud putrid, rotten; worm-holed to let rot a to hoist up b to increase (e.g., prices)
to become rotten; putrify c to take, attract, draw to oneself d to close
pudav laj m. 1 rotting 2 rottenness; putrification (e.g., a book) a to ascend, climb up b to rise up, tower,
pur m. singular & plural raise, elevate c to grow, increase, rise (e.g., prices) d to arise,
151
spring up, appear a question such as this bank b the other side, the opposite side
arose ! Raise the banner higher! idiom There are large fields on the other side of the road.
to toady this bank of the river c beyond the Amu-Darya (from the
portatg m. 1 ascent 2 climbing heights (e.g., aircraft) Afghan's point of view) He lives in a
portaked m. plural portav laj m. 1 height, settlement beyond the river. the transriparians,
altitude 2 rising, ascent 3 rise (e.g., prices) 4 superiority inhabitants of Central Asia (from the Afghan point of view) 2
porch m. regional porch; portico postposition .1 in combination with ( Eastern ), without it
pord r m. creditor (indicates that an action is directed at someone or something to)
porzhnj 1 exiled 2 m. .1 exile 2.2 wanderer (i.e., I tied the horse to the tree. 2.2 in combination
religious pilgrim) with 2.2a by (indicates the person or object which one is
porgh m. porgh joint working of land by two or more touching) I took him by the hand. 2.2b
families about (indicates the subject or theme of a conversation)
por kavnkaj m. debtor We were talking about farming.
por larnkaj m. lender, creditor 2.2c at (indicates the direction of an action with reference to
prnm m. alias someone) to laugh at someone, mock

someone 2.3 in combination with ( Eastern )or without it
porv l m. porvl m. singular & plural creditor
2.3a to, up to (indicates the limit or boundary of something in
por varkavnkaj m. lender, creditor
space) up to the knees
lender state, creditor government
poravaj 1.1 in debt to somebody; obtaining funds on credit It is three kilometers to the city 2.3b until, before
(indicates a time limit) until the present time
from somebody 1.2 obliged to somebody 2 m. .1 debtor 2.2
avenger; one engaged in a blood fued
prior to five o'clock 3 through (used in combination with
the particle " ra" which is used as a verb prefix having a
poravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to borrow;
directional sense) to pass through 4 to him, to us, to
assume a debt, take on a loan; obtain on credit
them This will be a surprise to us all.
pur 1 full, whole, entire 2 executed, effected; implemented 3
finished, completed 4 satisfactory, exhaustive (of an answer) 2 pre contraction of the postposition and the preposition
He delivered an exhaustive response to

my questions. 5 sufficient (e.g., of a supply of air) in
3 pori separable verbal prefix (accented or stressed in
perfective verbs) 1 trans- to procede across (some
full; completely a to execute, effect, implement b to
obstacle, space, barrier) 2 indicates direction of action beyond a
finish, complete c to satisfy; exhaust to satisfy
given point or continuation of an action to excess 3 action of
requirements d to cover, defray (i.e., expenses) e to supplement
f. to compensate (e.g., losses) a to be executed, be
attaching, direction of action from above downward a to
close b to enclose c to sew on
effected, be implemented b to be finished, be completed c to be
satisfied, be exhausted d to be covered, be defrayed (e.g.,
pori-ri
expenses) e to be supplemented f. to be compensated, be made
pori-istl transitive [present: past:
good (e.g., losses)
]to procede across something

puraked m. plural 1 execution, putting into effect,
pri-rpori pri-rvori there and back, back
and forth
implementation 2 finishing, completion
in two week's time, in two weeks 3 satisfaction (e.g., of
porezhnj
requirements) 4 covering, defrayment (e.g., expenses) 5
pori-kavl transitive [past: ] 1 to close; close
down ! Close the door! 2 to affix 3 to place against;
supplement 6 compensation (e.g., for losses)
purav laj m. 1 fullness, state of being full 2 execution,
move up to 4 to sew onto to sew a
sleeve onto a shirt 5 to glue, affix, stick onto 6 to attribute (a
putting into effect, implementation 3 finishing, completion 4
satisfactoriness (e.g., answer to a question)
writing) to someone 7 to crumble (make crumbs)
1
pri pri pre Eastern 1.1 abutting, bordering something
! Crumble the bread into sour milk! 8 to lubricate, anoint
1.2 closed, covered 1.3 affixed to something, presented along

to color the eyes
(with grease, ointment)
with kohl idiom to set fire to
with something 1.4 connected with, depending upon something
1.5 located on the other shore, on the other side prikunaj m. Western porekavnaj m.
Eastern food, victuals
beyond the sea a the other (river) bank, the opposite
152
pori-kedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be closed, be 2 pu f. grain shovel

closed down the door was closed 2 to be affixed, be 3 pa feminine of 3
placed against 3 to be moved up to 4 to be sewn on to 5 to be 4 pa oblique singular of and with number of 2
attributed to someone (a piece of writing); to cast (aspersions) poazr calm, peaceful, confident, satisfied
to be communicated (of a disease) poaztb m. poazv laj m. calmness,
porikednkaj 1 adjective adhesive 2 infectious confidence; satisfaction
epidemic, epizotic poh 1
porivt m. porevt plural ford, crossing (river, 1 puj f. pauj 1 Western step, rung 2 Eastern stairs
etc.) I came downstairs. 3 stool 4 figurative level, stage
porivatl porevatl 1 [present: past: gradually
]intransitive to cross, traverse (rivers, etc.) 2 puj f. 1 medicine 2 powder
to swim across, float, sail across 2 puz poz combining form three-storied
m. plural ford, crossing (river, etc.) multi-stage rocket, multi-stage missile
porivatna f. pozprekaj
pri-vri 1 through; right through pza f. Eastern 1 nose, prow (of a ship, rocket)
to pierce something to pass snub nose to clean out the nose, blow the nose 2
through 2 alongside Our villages are cape, promontory idiom He's very poor; He's
side by side 3 on all sides poor as a church mouse; idiom He has digraced
pori-vahl transitive [past: ] 1 to push, nudge himself. He has brought shame upon himself. idiom
to shove underwater ! Don't push He is very hot-tempered. idiom This bored
me! 2 to bring up to something me. I'm fed up to the eyes with this. idiom a He
pore-vestl transitive Eastern exasperated me. b He made my life unbearable. idiom
1 po m. 1 large mat, mat 2 sugar-cane waste He stuck to me like a leech. idiom
2 pu m. po 1 layer, stratum a in layers b gradually He is growing. He's not a child any more. idiom !
a to become stratified b to Walk erect! He's in a critical
disintegrate; collapse c to unravel (cloth) 2 story, floor state. He's so frail.
one-story two-story house 3 deck ship's 1 puzj m. small mat (for sleeping); mat
deck 4 figurative stage (e.g., of development) 2 pze feminine plural of
3
po 1 m. juvenile 2.1 almost ripe (fruit) 2.2 undercooked pozitrn m. physics positron
(food) pozishn m. regional 1 position 2 posture, state
4 pu m. hobbles puzh f.
5 po tautological with 1 pug m. Western 1 puff, breath 2 splashing, spraying
6 po tautological with to spurt (from the mouth) 3 noise (made by a smith's bellows) 4
pu calm, confident steam
pujna f. 1 confidence, tranquility; calm ! Calm 2 pug m. dregs; remains; waste
him! 2 reassurance pug l pog l transitive [past: ] to spray, sprinkle
pdzhagawl compound verb to upgrade (from the mouth); spray (from a sprayer)
punda f. 1 hot ashes 2 friable, loose, powdery soil pugalaj

m. pump; sprayer
friable soil pugav

transitive
l
pundatb m. pundtj f. pundtj pos colloquial 1 2 2 fat, plump (of cattle)

f. pundv laj m. friability (of soil)
pupusk m. forest bettle (plant parasite)
ponaj m. ponaj 1 feminine covering; chador 2 cover 1 post m. 1 hide to shed hair, moult (of animals)
2 bark, rind 3 pelt 4 skin, peel (of fruit) 5 head, pod (of poppy)
(e.g., of night)
puuntb m. puundtj f. a to flay, skin b to peel (fruit, vegetables) c
puundv laj m.
to peel, skin (bark, rind) d to beat up, thrash idiom
ponaj m. to consider something impossible or unrealizable idiom
1 po calm, tranquil tranquilly to calm, to be penniless idiom
to insinuate, worn oneself into someone's confidence idiom
pacify be calm He became calm.
to reproach, reject a kind act idiom to
153
oppress, torment about a favor which has been done to or by posll transitive
someone idiom to put on weight, grow heavy poslv laj m.
2
post pasta' f. m. [plural: past f. plural: posna f. pusna nursing, tending (e.g., a sick animal)
past] soft; tender 1 pus dialect
postbb m. furs, pelts 2 pos f. garbage
postr m. 3 psa f. dish made from the fruit of the khinjak tree, Pistacia
1 postghaj obedient, quiet, submissive khinjak
2 postgha f. obedience, humility, submissiveness posh Take care! Look out!
postk m. piece of leather poshk m. clothing, attire
postk l m. plural software poshid 1 secret, clandestine, unknown
postkaj m. 1 pelt 2 lamb-fleece pelt This has not been known to us up to now. 2 in
secret, surreptitiously
caracul lamb-fleece pelt 3 peel, skin (of fruit) 4 bark, rind 5
shell (egg) 6 Eastern lobe (ear)
poh m. poh 1 covering; sheathing; puttees; cover
postv laj m. softness, tenderness pillowcase machine-gun barrel-jacket
1 postavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
sheath 2 armor steel armor-plate 3 tablecloth
skin, flay 2 to peel (fruit, vegetables) 3 to strip off (bark)
to set the table; spread the tablecloth 4 clothing,
clothes, dress; attire 5 costume and finery (of a bride) 6 binding
2 postavl transitive
(of a book) 7 figurative shielding, hiding, concealing
1 post f. 1 mail, postal service airmail
by mail post-office box postage pohak m. clothing, attire
stamp 2 post; outpost outpost, battle outpost
puhtl transitive [past: ] 1 to ask (about),
question to put a question to 2 to ask (for), request,
aviation communications outpost 3 military
require An answer from them is required.
combat team 4 post command post
2 psta oblique singular of 1 puhtnpna f. questionnaire
postabsh m. chief of a border outpost detachment puhtna f. 1 question to ask, put a question to
postakhn f. postal service; postal administrative office; to ask about, inquire about someone
post office
to answer a question to work out a
problem, try to find the answer to a question to
postarasn m. postman, mail carrier
visit, call on someone; go and inquire about someone
1 post postal
2 post m. drug addict, opium smoker to visit a sick person
proverb If he keeps inquiring a man will find his way to Mecca
3 post m. 1 mollycoddle 2 loafer; lazybones, idler
(e.g., one should not fear to ask questions)
1 postedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
be skinned; be flayed 2 to be peeled (of fruits, vegetables) 3 to
puhtna-utna f. questions, questioning to
question
be stripped off (of bark)
2 postedl intransitive 1 puht f. 1 low mountain 2 hillock
postn m. [plural: postinna plural:
2 puht imperfective aspect of
postin n] Western (sheep's) skin, fleece coat puhtj f. rib upper ribs lower ribs
embroidered sheepskin coat idiom puhtedl transitive
to say spiteful things about pohh m. 1 clothing, attire 2 sheathing, covering 3 roof,
roofing
postinch f. pustincha, sleeveless fur jacket
postinch m. postindz pohl transitive
postinduz furriery, the fur business pohna f.
postn gannkaj m. furrier (fur craftsman), fur pohavl transitive [past: ] 1 to dress
to dress oneself, put clothing on (oneself) 2 to cover, lay a cover
dresser
on, cover up 3 to bind (book) 4 to put, put away (i.e., a sabre into
posr m. poster; advertisement colored poster
a sheath) 5 construction to put sheathing on, install cladding
puskj m. 1
posl transitive [past: ] 1 to tend (e.g., a sick passive a to be covered, be laid (a cover), be covered
up b to be bound (a book) c construction to be sheathed; have
animal) 2 to calm, comfort 3 to raise, nurse, foster
exterior cladding installed (e.g., a house, a ship)
posltb m. posltj f. ornamentation, decoration
phj f. folder
154
pohed pold poldinj adjective steel

pusul f. compass; surveying compass pul v m. Eastern chicken pilaf
puka f. pulph m. small bridge
1 puk m. 1 politik political political and social
2 puk m. 1 problems
puka f. 1 bubble (e.g., in water) 2 (urinary) bladder politbjur Politbureau
swim bladder (in fish) 3 inflated (leather) bag idiom pauls m. medicine poultice, embrocation
to burst like a soap bubble polikal regional political
pukaj f. 2 puld r rich, monied (of a person)
pukl transitive proverb pols m. singular & plural
Once burned, twice shy. pulk m. double-wedge (for attaching the iron plowshare to
to inspire, encourage (someone) the frame of the plow)
poklr m. folklore plnd m.
1 pukaj m. music 1 pukanay (native wind instrument poland polandj 1 Polish 2 m. Pole (person)
similiar to the Persian zurna) 2 clarinet polonij f.
2
pukaj f. 1 urinary bladder 2 bubble (e.g., in water) 1 pla f. 1 edge, boundary (of a field) 2 earthen wall;
pukavl [past: transitive past: ] 1 to blow embankment 3 boundary strip 4 border, frontier; state frontier
on something, cool something 2 to blow up, inflate to to violate the frontier 5 barrier, obstacle
inflate a wineskin 3 to fan, kindle (fire) to fan a fire 4 2 pul f. 1 cooked grain 2 lump, bump
to blow out, extinguish to blow out or extinguish the 3 pla oblique with numerals from 1 50 pul
lamp 5 to play (a wind instrument) to play reed pipe 4 pla oblique of 2
6 to blow away (e.g., dust) 7 figurative to inspire (e.g., a life) 5 pol f. cataract
He put a bit of heart in us. 1 pulj polj f. 1 armful, pile (thornbush, brushwood) 2
pukavna f. 1 inflation (e.g., of a ball) 2 fanning, kindling bound sheaf (e.g., of lucerne, clover)
(e.g., a bonfire) 3 blowing out (e.g., a fire) 2
pulj f. 1 bump 2 ulcer, sore
puk vahnkaj music wind wind folk saying My heart is covered with wounds. 3 corn, callus
instrument 3 pulj f. sparkles
pukj m. 1 1 to play the reed pipe 2 4 pul monetary monetary policy
music trumpet 3 blowtorch politekhnk m. polytechnic school
pukedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be inflated, be polytechnic institute
blown up 2 to be fanned, be kindled (e.g., a bonfire) 3 to be polik m. regional politics, policy
blown out, be extinguished, put out 4 to be blown away (e.g., poliik regional political, policy
dust) pols m. singular & plural 1 attributive police
pukajv l police regional colloquial police chief
1 pog hollow, empty secret police 2 police officer, policeman
2 pug m. 1 polisvl m. singular & plural colloquial police officer
3 pog m. 2 polis 1 adjective police bloodhound 2
pugr m. [plural: pugr] 1 bellows 2 blowtorch 3 adjective detective
bellows operator poliklink m. polyclinic
pug f. 1 polign m. firing range
1 pul m. 1 money to regulate the plnd m. pln m. Poland
currency rate to spend a good deal of money 2 polen polenj
pul (Afghan coin, worth 1/100th of an afghan) a brass pul polinezij f. the Polynesian Islands
2 pul m. 3 polij f. poliomyelitis anti-
3 pul m. cataract poliomyelitis vaccine
4 pol m. Pole (person) pumb f.
pol d m. pul d 1 plural steel 2 proper name Polad, Pulat pun m.
poldsz f. steel-smelting business a pundn f. a in the nature of play or a
steel mill game b empty talk, idle talk
155
pundghlj m. heel (of a shoe) povna f. pasturage, pasture

pavandgalv f. pavandgal f. nomadic economy; pov pov 1 povaj Western imperfective aspect of
cattle raising
1
pavand povand m. singular & plural 1 povindah, 2 pov interjection Aha!
nomadic cattle herder; nomadic trader 2 steppe dweller 1 poh 1.1 intelligent, quick (on uptake), clever; sensible 1.2
2
pnda f. 1 heel compound verb to spur, wise 1.3 expert, able skilled craftsman 1.4 erudite,
put spur to He put spur to his horse. a knowledgeable experts one
to spur (on) b to move on with a job, get on with a matter; should know that 2 m. .1 sage; scholar 2.2 expert
determine to do something a to use the heel (spur) 2
poh m. regional tenth month of the Hindu calendar
b to get to work, get on with it 2 technology socket; coupling (December - January)
element 3 stern (ship) 3 puv f. moist, arable land
pavandatb m. 4 puh m. 1
1 pun m. 1 poh interjection Aha! Well, well!
2 paun m. 1 pound sterling 2 pound (measure of weight) poh n plural of 1 2
punka f. greens, vegetable poh nd Western 1 m. .1 scholar sociologist
punkj f. 1 Pashto specialist 1. 2 expert; expert in
punj f. 2 his field 1.3 professor emeritus 2.1 erudite, knowledgeable 2.2
punj f. 2 prudent, reasonable
puns pnsu numeral colloquial five hundred phv imperfective aspect of
pung m. bank (the financial institution) puhpan
pungpaj m. bank note 1 puh m. large mat
1 pung f. 2 2 puh poharaj 1 stupid, imbecilic 2 crude,
2 pnga f. uncultivated, uncouth 3 dirty, slovenly 4 clumsy, ungainly
1 pungalj m. 1 reed pipe 2 reed, oboe, hautboy pohht m. knowledge, state of being informed
2 pungalj m. pungj f. 1 table-top (of a mountain) pohlanj dull-witted, unskilfull
2 merchandise (of an itinerant peddler) pohntn m. university; academy (educational
pun f. 1 light rain; rain showers 2 spraying (from the mouth) establishment); institute Kabul University
to spray (saliva from the mouth) pohndzj m. 1 institute (educational establishment)
1 pau m. Eastern 2 conservatory female university
2 pu m. kind of match used in former times student 2 university department
puka f. puka f. pohnd intelligent, erudite
ponaj m. pohndj m. 1 scholar 2 (academic) specialist; expert
punavl transitive [past: ] 1 to hollow out 2 to pohnml m. senior lecturer, docent
gnaw out, eat away pohnv l m. professor
pua f. leap, amble pohna f. 1 knowledge, cognition knowledge is
1 paj m. light to have learning 2 learning; science
2 puj f. skein, hank (of woolen yarn) natural history Academy of Sciences 3 education
literal Out of a ser of wool, he did not twist even one Ministry of Education 4 instruction; training
skein. figurative He did not do 1/100th of the task he was to do. military training
puedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be hollowed out 2 to pohnj r m. teacher (in an institution of higher learning);
be hollow; be eaten out 3 to leap, bound; amble assistant (junior member of a teaching or research staff)
pujavl transitive [past: ] 1 to gnaw (e.g., of a pohnj l m. expert, specialist, authority

mouse) 2 to crack, crack (with the teeth); shell (nuts, seeds, etc.) poh interjection oho, aha
pva f. lazy woman pohv laj m. 1 comprehension, cleverness; intelligibility 2
povl povl puvl transitive Eastern [present: past: wisdom 3 ability, skillfullness
] to graze idiom to act independently, not pohvatlaj understandable, accessible to understanding
seeking advice pohavl 1 [past: ] transitive .1 to explain,
pavn m. dialect English pound elucidate, explicate; make understand to make out,
povand m. 1 understand 1.2 to teach (students) 1.3 to inform, let know,
156
acquaint 1.4 to let know beforehand, warn 1.5 to give a few tips, on the other side b on (used to designate the place or
advise 2 m. plural surface on which something is located) on the
pohavl-rapohavl m. plural mutual understanding; shoulder They live on our street.
relationship mutual understanding; relationship to sell in the bazaar in this
pohavna f. 1 explanation, elucidation 2 teaching (students) meeting c at; at the time of something in; during (indicates time or
3 information, intelligence, data 4 warning, admonition 5 term) last year in March
exhortation, homily on Friday at the examination; at the
pohoh interjection ah-ha-ha time of the examination psarl in spring
1 pha f. 1 reason, intellect 2 comprehension 3 realization, at the time of the retreat, during the retreat at
understanding a consciously b reasonably 4 each stage d into (indicates the general meaning of distribution)
knowledge; learning practical accomplishments, to divide into two parts e for, in the course of, in
learning (indicates duration of time) for these three
2 pha feminine singular of 1 days for a day, in one day
pohjlj 1.1 clever, bright 1.2 circumspect 2 m. teacher for four hours, in the course of four hours f from to
(in a higher institution of learning) (indicates transfer from one to another analogous object,
pohedl poehdl 1 [past: intransitive past: forming a bound form) from house to house, in each
past: ].1 to understand, comprehend, grasp house from hand to hand g from to (indicates a
Did you understand me? 1.2 to know, understand constant repetition in time, making a bound form) from
to understand foreign languages ... year to year, annually from month to month,
It is well known to him that How do you know monthly h along (indicates the object or surface over which
that? Everybody knows that someone or something is moving or proceeding)
He doesn't know anything. He doesn't understand He could not go along the road i among, with (indicates
anything. 1.3 to find out; notice No one location or stay among or with someone, a group)
found out about this. Nobody noticed this. 1.4 to know how to among the Pashtoons, with the Pashtoons among us,
Do you know how to write? 1.5 to find out about, with us j used to indicate multiplication and short numerical
inquire into He didn't find anything out about correspondences 2x2=4 by 2 times,
it. He didn't inquire into it. 1.6 to notice, feel something twice as much k indicates percent (by) thirty
We did not feel the cold. 1.7 to resolve, sort out, percent, (by) 30% 1.2 Eastern in conjunction with the
analyze (some problem) We'll figure it out postposition and without it: a on; at (indicates the place or
tomorrow. Tomorrow we'll come up with the explanation. 1.8 surface where someone or something is located, or where some
ironic to settle up with, get even with someone ! action is taking place, and also indicates the person or object to
I'll get even with you! I'll show you! 2 m. plural which the action is directed) He went up on the
pohedl-rapohedl m. plural mutual understanding; roof. Put the book on the table.
intercourse They are eating at the table.
pohedna f. cognition, learning, study to control oneself b at (indicates the time or term of
the study of folklore something) at 10 o'clock c for so much; for such and
pohed m. plural familiarization, informing such amount (indicates compensation, reward, or price received for
1 poj dialect 1 something) to sell for money
2 poj m. 2 to sell for ten rupees d indicates the person or object by means of
pujng m. vine (grape) beginning to bear fruit which an action is accomplished to wash
pojavl transitive 1 the hands with soap to have clothing made
1 pja f. dialect 1 by a tailor Don't crack the almond with your
2 puj f. clothes moth teeth. The letter writer wrote a letter
3 poj f. trot, amble for me. I had a scribe write a letter for me. e indicates the person
1 p dialect pa 1 preposition in several cases the noun governed or object to which something else relates or pertains
by it is not inflected .1 in combination with the postposition I'm responsible for this. I'll take this upon myself. f indicates the
or without it: a in (used to designate place, direction, or limit of an action, the attainment of a goal
location) in the house in the They kept going and going and they got to Bara-Bazdary.
room to put a handkerchief in the pocket 1.3 in conjunction with the postposition or without it: a with
157
(indicates the means or method by which an action is accompany someone b to strive after something 2 afterwards,
accomplished) to write with a pen after something And he left afterwards.
to write with a pen Buy wheat with this p pori p puri adverb to something; in the presence of
money. b at; at the time of (indicates the time, or beginning of an something
action or process) with the advent of the phatan regional Afghan, Pathan 2
New Year; at the beginning of the New Year at the pach f.
arrival (of); having arrived c with; in (indicates the p dz j 1.1 settling, populating 1.2 setting, reducing (of a
condition or character of the action accomplished) fracture, dislocation) 1.3 executed, completed, brought to a finish
with great interest to live peacefully a to settle b to reduce, set (of a fractured, dislocated
in turn, in its turn in great quantity joint) c to execute, complete, bring to a finish a to be
(scope) with force firmly, with firmness d in the settled b to be set, be reduced (of a joint) c to be executed, be
presence of; when there is a (indicates the presence of completed, be brought to a finish 2 opportunely, apropos, at the
something) It is light at night when there is a proper time You spoke to the point.
moon. e according to (in accordance with something, on the basis pdzjkavna f. 1 settling, colonization 2 reduction,
of something) on the basis of the election setting (of an injury to a joint) 3 execution, completion, bringing
according to nomination, appointment f hundreds, thousands to a finish
(indicates a large quantity, in general round numbers) pts tlnkaj very backward, reactionary, retrograde
hundreds of thousands of automobiles ptsng 1 secluded, solitary a secluded place
thousands of Pashtoons 1.4 in conjunction 2.1 alongside, near, close by Eastern He sat
with the postposition a for, after (indicates the goal or alongside. 2.2 along
purpose of an action) I am going to the ptsangavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
market for fruit. Boy! for whom have to push aside, remove, move to one side 2 to set apart 3 to set
you come? to send for someone aside, grant a postponement
to strive for improvement b following, behind (indicates ptsangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
following after someone) Ahmed is coming 1 to stand aside, withdraw to the sidelines 2 to be set apart 3 to
behind me. Ahmed is following me. 1.5 in conjunction with the be postponed, be set aside
postposition a to (indicates an object which is attached or p ts how much, for how much How
fastened to something) tie the horse to a tree b much does a pack of cigarettes cost? How
indicates belonging, dependence; relationship to someone or much are you selling these melons for? How much
something not to belong to any party; does this cost?
to be non-party to depend on the environment ptsaulv laj m. 1 quantity 2 circumstances (of a
a indicates location close to or near something a at matter)
the entrance (to a cave, etc.) b to the mouth (to bring nearer) c p hl conscious, comprehending
with (indicates consumption, eating together with something else) pkhpla
Eat some bread with these grapes. 2 p d ki p d ke Eastern 1 now then; at this time 2
adverb .1 for it, for them Also get some glass among, including 3 in the meantime, meanwhile
for this (i.e., for this money). 2.2 with the help of this or these; by 1
pahr m. Eastern 1 watch (e.g., sentinel, guard) 2 time,
means of this or these 2.3 because of this; about this occasion
I am very glad about this. I rejoice because of this. 2 puhr indecent
2 pa f. 1 plaster 2 splints 3 phr vice everywhere
phk m. regional 1 entrance 2 gate prangavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
pamn f. farewell, parting paint, color
phns f. gallows compound verb to hang prangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
compound verb to be hung be painted, be colored
pb nde adverb Eastern 1 on it (any gender); on them; on pahravl transitive Eastern
this 2 by means of this; it pahr f. regional pehr 1
p pas adverb 1 after him, her; after them to pahrad r m.
send someone after a to follow after someone; pahrad rkhn f.
pah m. slanderer
158
pehj f. regional 1 ph interjection aha, oho ! Oh, how far

p z puri 1 pleasant (e.g., a smell) 2 interesting, away he is!
entertaining; attractive 3 sincere, cordial phh interjection

pzkavl m. plural pzkavna f. phav vice
memorization, learning by heart phrta
pzkavnaj m. instruction, aide-mmoire, note pvrvro little by little, slowly
p zj ta 1 especially; particularly 2 moreover 3 also phavl transitive
p stn phoh interjection oh-ho-ho
m. analog pah f. 1 coating (substance) 2 bandage, binding 3 ointment
pshlikna f. endorsement (of a promissary note) pj d memorized, mastered, studied
pshn pshn like, similiar (to) pjdavl denominative [past: ] 1 to remember,
recall 2 to memorize, learn by heart
pshnokavna f. maintaining cattle on green fodder or
pasturage
pjdedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be
remembered; be recalled, come to mind 2 to be memorized, be
p h p h for good, favor, benefaction to
learned by heart
be useful to someone, go to someone for a favor
pghahavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
phedl intransitive
to seize something with the teeth, bite
phelavl transitive [past: ] 1 to spread, spread out
2 to unroll 3 to scatter, strew 4 to disseminate; expand

pravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
anger, enrage
pheledl intransitive [past: ]1 to be spread, be
spread out 2 to be unrolled 3 to be scattered, be strewn 4 to be

pkredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
disseminated; be expanded
angry, be enraged
pkr 1
paj m. [plural: pajuna] .1 tendon, sinew 1.2
foundation, base 1.3 print, track (feet) 1.4 ford, crossing 1.5
1 pkravl denominative, transitive
place between two rivers 1.6 cutting; chopping 1.7 layer of earth
2 pkravl denominative, transitive
1 pkredl denominative, intransitive dug up by shovel to shovel, dig compound verb a
to cut a tendon b to chop, chop down c to leave tracks, footprints
2 pkredl denominative, intransitive
d to cross (a river, ford) e to measure, plumb the depth (e.g., of a
pki Eastern pke
pk river) 1.8 possession, ownership to transfer into
pgrda 1 in entirety, fully 2 collectively, together, jointly someone's possession to belong to someone, to be
in someone's possession 2 behind, immediately after idiom
plsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
deliver, entrust
to understand, apprehend the sense, get the hint; find out the
meaning
pahl m. side (of a question), aspect to have
various aspects
2
pj f. plural m. plural Eastern 1 milk 2 milky juice (plant),
pahlvaj m. regional botany white dog-rose latex 3 dialect idiom They

are very friendly. They always keep together.
pahlav n m. 1 sports wrestler; athlete 2 champion 3 hero;
folk-hero
3 pe pe, name of the letter
pahlavn f. 1 sports wrestling 2 heroism 4 pe Eastern 2
pahm m. Eastern military abbreviation of 2
pmi interjection aha, oho 1 pj tsa f. rice or wheat bread, rice or wheat flat-cake
pmkh 2 pj tsa f. 1 part (hair) 2 bell-bottoms (trousers)
pmkhtg m. 1 pj khla f. 1 silk cuff 2 piping (on collar, sleeve)
pmkh tllaj advanced, developed (i.e., of a country) 2 pj khla f. 1 preparation of vegetable extract 2 sweating (of
a sick person) to make sweat, cause to sweat (a patient)
pmkha toward to meet halfway
I went to meet him. pj d
pmkhah f. pmkhah leave-taking, farewell pijdag f. the work of a courier or deliveryman to
work as a courier, be a delivery man
to say goodbye
pahmavl transitive Eastern pjdavl denominative, transitive
pahand r wide, expansive, broad pijd 1 adjective .1 pedestrian 1.2 adjective military
infantry infantry infantry unit 2 m. .1
159
pedestrian 2.2 courier, deliveryman 2.3 infantryman 2.4 chess strong, developed (economically) to develop,
pawn 3 on foot strengthen to be developed, be strengthened 7
pijdap pijdap j on foot talented; skillful, expert
pijdarv m. sidewalk pjvajtb m.
pijdarav f. going on foot, walking pjj present stem of
pjdedl denominative, intransitive 1 pip m. 1 can (i.e., for gasoline) 2 barrel
pjrzhnd f. watering land at night 2 pajp m. 1 pipe (smoking) 2 pipe
pjgnda f. pip f. lean meat
pj rma f. 1 crupper (harness part) 2 rope (specifically that piplj m. kind of elongated pepper
which laces the netting of a bed to the frame) 3 drive belt (of a pepnj f. dress, gown
spinning wheel) 4 figurative property obtained by dishonest pit 1 flat 2 shallow (e.g., of a dish) 3 flat-bottomed (of a boat)
means 2
pjmakhr m. extortionist pajtv f. puttees
pjmarvr having a large fatty tail (sheep) pitvaj m.
ram with large fatty tail pitpzaj pitpzaj having a flat nose; snub-nosed
pij z m. usually plural onions, onion spring petaj m. warehouseman; superintendant of a depot or
onions proverb literal Even if it's only warehouse
onions, let them be (given) with kindness. figurative It's not the pitl m. tin plate
gift, it's the thought that counts. pitnsaj m.
pjzkj m. wild onions pitavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to flatten,
pj za 1 f. miscarriage, abortion 2.1 missing, disappeared; flatten down 2 to press down to press
perished 2.2 damaged, spoiled a to abort; have a oneself to the earth, flatten oneself to the ground
miscarriage b to abort, destroy, damage, spoil a to be 1 pjta f. usually plural pjti deposit, film (on the teeth)
aborted b to be missing, disappear; perish c to be damaged, be 2 pta feminine singular of
spoiled 3 pit f. tape measure; tape (for measuring)
pjz reddish 1 pit f. pajt Eastern 1 petj m. Western 2
pjsa f. channel (of a river, stream) 2 pitj flat-nosed, snub-nosed dialect Snyder rifle
1 pj ghla f. 1 1 2 scarf, muffler 3 pti plural of 2
2 pj ghla f. 2 4 pit plural of 3
pj gi f. knee tendons pitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
pj lkha f. dialect embroidery, needlework flattened 2 to be pressed down
pijl f. 1 piala (footed teacup), cup cup of tea 1
pi m. plural peat
to fill cups with wine 2 basin, bowl 3 pan (of a 2
pe 1 m. .1 damnation ! May he be
flintlock rifle) damned! to curse 1.2 shame, disgrace 2 interjection
pijlj f. small teacup phooey 3 quite, on the whole
2 pijl plural of 3 pe m. 1
pajm m. per m. 1 woven basket with a top 2 woven cage, woven
pj nda 1 lock (hair) 2 beautiful container (for snakes kept by fakirs)
ping-j ng m. Pyongyang (city) pek m. 1 gift from relatives of the bride-to-be given to the
pj n f. piano to play the piano young man (on the occasion of the unveiling of the fianc's face) 2
pj no vahnkaj m. pianist gift to a child from relatives (soon after its birth) 3 woman's
pjvrkaj m. botany spurge, Euphorbia decoration worn at the temples
pjv pel transitive [past: ] to curse
pjvtb m. pjvtj f. pjvv laj m. 1 pelaj damned
courtesy, good breeding 2 mind, quick-wittedness 3 pen m. 1 aversion 2 indignation; displeasure
development, strengthening 1 pe m. cursing someone
pjvaj 1 courteous, well-bred 2 quick-witted, 2 pe plural oblique of 2
understanding, able 3 outstanding 4 vigorous 5 able, excellent pevr m.
(i.e., a marksman) 6 strong, powerful, robust
160
pej m. 1 load; pack; bale 2 figurative burden; weight 2 pech present tense of
burden, weight excessive burden, burden too 3 pech plural of 1
great to bear proverb literal They are pechidag f. 1 complication 2 intricacy 3 complexity
picking up the burden. figurative There is no other way out. pechedl intransitive [past: ]1 to move around,
idiom You gave assistance to no one. revolve 2 to be wound around; be wound up 3 to coil
2
pej f. 1 sword belt 2 belt, girdle 3 bale, pack pechid
pedzh v pure, unalloyed to purify to be pechidag f.
purified pets m. 1 patience, endurance 2 dialect evil
pedzhmkhv laj m. beauty pets aj
pedzhmkhaj ptska f. pitskj f. 1 hem (of a shirt) 2 cuff (e.g., of
1 pech m. 1 bend, twist; turn 2 crookedness 3 screw; wood trouser leg) 3 tip, corner (of a shawl, chador, etc.) 4 figurative
screw 4 dysentery amoebic dysentery 5 regional side, aspect (of a question, etc.)
cramps a to wind, coil; turn b to screw in; twist in c to petsl transitive [past: ] to bear, endure (e.g., grief)
pin down with a hold (wrestling) d figurative to betray e petsna f. patience, endurance, long-suffering
figurative to complicate, muddle up to revolve, twist, petsvl m. 1 side panel of a tent 2 screen; partition
turn round and round petsnaj m.
2
pech m. Pech (river, district in Nuristan) the Pech 1 pets f. 1 portion, part 2 lot 3 to bear,
Valley suffer, endure
pechtb m. 1 difficulty 2 emotional agitation, anxiety 3 2
ptsa f.
screwdriver 3
ptsa f. annoyance, pestering, bothering to
pechtv m. screwdriver annoy, bore, pester
pechdarpch winding, tortuous 4 ptsa imperative imperfective of
pechsh m. 1 dysentery 2 colic 5 pets imperfective aspect of
pechk m. 1 skein, hank (of thread, yarn) 2 spool; bobbin pekh m. spur (of a rooster)
pechkr f. 1 injection, shot, hypodermic pikh a f. dung, droppings (of sheep, goat)
injection to give a shot, give an injection, administer pikh la f. droppings (of a bird)
a hypodermic injection 2 syringe, hypodermic syringe pekhr m. large quantity; profusion to become
pechl transitive [past: ] 1 to revolve, turn 2 to abundant
wind round; wind to turn away, turn to one side pj khartsavnkaj m. milkman, one who sells milk
passive pekhedl intransitive
pechlaj 1 twisted 2 turned; wound; wound around 3 pejd 1 created; produced 2 born 3 appearing; forming;
complex; complicated; involved; unclear (e.g., of a problem) arising 4 discovered, found 5 obtained; acquired 6 evoked,
a to wind round b to be twisted; be wound; be wound endangered (e.g., difficulties) a to create; produce b to
around c to be complicated; be involved; be unclear discover, find c to acquire, obtain, get d to evoke, engender, give
pechmzi f. plural pechmj f. mockery a to be created; appear, arise
rise to (i.e., difficulties)
to laugh, laugh at someone Disagreements arose between them.
pechvj f. hobbles, fetters b to be discovered, be found c to be obtained, be gotten, be
pechutb m. 1, 2 extracted d to appear, show itself e to turn out, prove to be, arise
pechukhm winding, twisting f to be born illegitimate, born out of wedlock
pechor f. the Pechora River In what city were you born? g to be
pechma f. rise, ascent, upgrade slope (e.g., in the found, be met It is rare to encounter such
mountains) people. h to breed (cattle) i to be produced, be manufactured
pechmaj 1.1 winding, twisting 1.2 roundabout pajd kavnkaj m. 1 creator, maker 2 producer
a roundabout road 2 m. .1 rise, slope; uphill grade 2.2 turn, pajdked m. plural 1 creation; appearance, origin 2
bend (in a road) 2.3 figurative turning point, crisis discovery 3 acquisition, obtaining 4 descent 5 birth
1 pech f. little pigtail (braided lower than the ear) pedgozh f. pedagogy muassas-ji
2 pch imperative of pedagogic institute
3 pech imperfective of
1 pche dialect closed, shut ! Shut up! Be quiet!
161
pajdvr m. plural 1 production, output; product; goods 1 perakj m. pirakj small pie (with vegetable filling)
mineral riches 2 mining, extraction coal small pie baked in a tonur (i.e., earthen oven)
mining small pie cooked in a skillet
pajdvnht m. pajdvuht 1 provenance, descent; origin; 2 pirkj m. diminutive of 1
birth by descent 2 living creature; creature pergr imitating
pajdjsh m. 1 pirgj m. acorn
pajdjish inborn, innate, congenital 2 piragj m. wooden shovel (for shoveling snow)
pajdjh m. pajdajh pajdjht m. pajdjht 1 3 pirgj m. diminutive of 1
creation; appearance, beginning 2 birth 3 output; product 4 1 pirl transitive
production 2 perl transitive [past: ] to braid, plait (e.g., a net, a
pajdarpj 1 sequential; uninterrupted 2 successively; mat)
uninterruptedly pir muhammd m. proper name Pir Muhammed
1
pir m. 1 old man, elder 2 pir (Muslim spiritual guide) permkhaj
2
per m. 1 turning; turn The horsemen perng m. 1 the Christian world 2 Europe
immediately turned back. 2 bend, twist a to revolve; perangj m. 1 Englishman English officers 2
turn; turn around b to coil 3 figurative falseness European (person) 3 Christian (person)
3 pir m. Monday pirin Pyrenees, the Pyrenees Mountains
perhn m. 1 shirt, blouse 2 dress (female's) 1 perna f. plainting, braiding (e.g., nets, mats)
piraja f. 1 adornment, appointments; attire 2 embellishment 2 perna f.
3 figurative appearance 1 pajrv m. 1 follower, adherent 2 member of a sect
perdz Eastern 2 pir m. affectionate
perdzojna f. 3 per m. Peru
prdzj m. post, place of assignment 1 perv n m. anatomy placenta
per 1 2 pajrav n plural of 1
pertb m. perv laj m. corpulence; stoutness pervtaj m. pervtaj pervte f. 1 bindweed (plant) 2 lianas
pirzd m. offspring of a pir (i.e., spiritual guide) (general term for climbing plant in tropical climates)
perz 1 proper, fitting, worthy to award, favor, perd m. buying; procurement
consider worthy of something to be worthy, deserve perodl pirodl transitive [present: past: ] to
something I consider you worthy of this buy, procure, stock up
reward. No, I do not want you perodna f. purchasing; procuring; stocking up
to suffer so. 2 desired, wished a to consider worthy, perodnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. purchaser
deserving of something b to desire someone (to have) something perdaj bought (up); procured
3 pleasant, pleasing idiom He doesn't peroz f.
wish you evil. I don't want to disturb 1 peruz f. victory
you any longer. However, time ordained 2 perozj m. strainer, filter (of cloth, muslin)
otherwise. I don't wish to burden anybody. perozh f. turquoise
perzonk m. perzovnkaj m. well-wisher pernkaj 1 present participle of 2 2 m. weaver (of
perzov laj m. perzovna f. perzojna f. 1 nets, mats)
awarding 2 wish, desire good wishes pervna pervne f. 1 singular & plural astronomy the
to wish (someone) all the best 3 favor, Pleiades 2 f. proper name Pervyna idiom
inclination, consideration to someone; courtesy Autumn came on.
considerately, courteously perzojni to pervaj pervaj m. cream sour cream
show consideration to someone 4 advantage, preference 5 idiom a to grow dark before
indulgence, favor, goodwill, kindness to ask a one's eyes b to get into a rage c to be angry with someone idiom
favor, ask for indulgence a he became blind b he became intensely
perzojnaj 1 kind; well-wishing 2 gracious 3 kind, hungry
considerate pajrav f. 1 emulating someone; escorting, accompanying
prs m. regional Paris (city) someone in company with someone 2 imitating
162
someone 3 observing, maintaining something (as a law or custom, 2 pa feminine singular of 1 2

tradition) 4 law conducting a trial a trial 1 pej f. 1 century, age from century to century,
per f. pajr 1 guard (body of men); protection, security from one century to another for centuries, in the course
advance guardpost to set up a guard, institute of centuries to last for centuries 2 generation (30 years)
security to guard, protect 2 pej f. stool; bench
They were under increased security. 2 Eastern time, occasion pez m. repairing; darning, mending
He came and went two times. 3 case idiom pajz r m. slippers; payzars (a kind of Afghan footgear with
to travel on business turned-up toes)
perad r m. pajrad r sentry, guard pajzr f. pedestal
perad rkhn f. sentry box pezl transitive [past: ] to repair; darn, mend
perad r f. guarding, carrying out security measure, 1 pez f. peso (monetary unit)
performing the duties of an armed-guard detachment 2 pez present tense first person singular of
guard duty, guard service pezv n m. 1 nose ring (female adornment) 2 single
perakj m. 1 (swingle)- tree (for harnessing horse to a plow) 3 ring or wooden
peravl m. plug threaded through a camel's nostril to control the animal 4
1 perj m. evil spirit, jinn, demon idiom a muzzle (for a calf)
to grow dark before one's eyes b to go into a rage c to be angry pezv nj m. pezv n 1 bullock or ox with muzzle 2
with someone per Are you losing your mind? figurative docile person, meek person 3
Has the evil one bewitched you? 1
pza f. 1 ledge (on a mountain) 2 pinnacle (mountain), peak
2 per pir 1 present of 2 m. purchase, buying 3 dialect nose 4 crown 5 point, spike to sharpen
buying and selling, trading to buy, procure 2 pez f. medicine incontinence of urine
3 pir f. 1 old age; declining years 2 the position of a pir (i.e., 1 pze pzi plural of 1
spiritual advisor), or a murshid (i.e., spiritual counsellor) 2 pez pezj faded, withered to fade, wither
4 perj f. fairy 3 pezj f. reading haltingly ABC's, alphabet
5 per f. plural imitating, mimicking a to read haltingly b to write or pronounce haltingly
perj n perij n plural of 1 idiom mirage pezitb m. 1 flabbiness 2 fading, withering
perjn f. wicked fairy, witch pezedl intransitive [past: ] to droop, fade, dry up
perjan perjnj 1 devilish; demoniac 2 possessed, peziv laj m.
dominated by an evil spirit pezh nd 1 familiar 2 m. connoisseur; expert
perin f. pezhndgalv f.
pirinz m. plural the Pyrenees pezhndl transitive
1 pe 1 m. .1 mortar (wooden) 1.2 press (for obtaining must pezhnd m. plural pezhnd f. 1 cognition, understanding
from berries) 1.3 squeezing (juice from berries) 2.1 stout; of something 2 familiarity with someone or something
corpulent; fat 2.2 large, big a large apple 2.3 coarse, pzhan present stem of
thick (e.g., of cloth) pezhantn m. military directorate of personnel
2 pe tautological with pezhnd m. military personnel, cadre
petb m. pezhandgalv f. pezhandgal f. 1 familiarization
peza f. pile of earth or acquaintance with something; cognition or knowledge of
pem r m. worker engaged in the cooking of must something I am not acquainted with him.
pemkh turned over, overturned to invert, overturn friendly relations 2 recommendation 3
pemn m. lazy fat man, lazy fatso registration; inventory-taking
1 pe pe m. pay of a herdsman or shepherd pezhandl 1 [present: past: ] transitive .1 to
2 pe oblique of 1 know someone, be acquainted with someone Do you
3 pe oblique plural of 1 know me? to acquaint someone with
pev laj m. 1 stoutness; corpulence 2 coarseness (e.g., of someone or something; to present to someone
cloth) Permit me to introduce my friend to
peda coarse, harsh you. 1.2 to recognize someone
1 pa f. 1 lump, ball (of dough) 2 sweet dish made of cream They knew one another well by this time. 1.3 to
and sugar understand, get to know, grasp 1.4 to know something 1.5 to
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recognize someone or something to recognize pesh n 1 forward, front 2 advanced

officially (e.g., a government) to distinguish something peshn f. 1 sitting room 2 dialect pantry, storeroom
to be presented to someone peshn f. 1
to distinguish one from another 2 m. plural peshahng m. 1 pioneer, member of the pioneer
organization 2 vanguard, advance party
pezhandna f. 1 acquaintanceship peshbnd m. 1 martingale (harness component) 2 apron
to become acquainted with someone 2 peshband f. 1 prudence, foresight 2 care, caution
appelation, designation 3 description, depiction 4 knowledge; a to be prudent, be foresighted b to be careful, be
study climatology self-knowledge cautious
pezhandv l m. military chief of the personnel directorate peshbn 1 prudent, foresighted 2 careful, cautious
pezhandn m. peshbin f. prevision, foresightedness; prudence
pezhndj pezhndj 1.1 knowing, informed 1.2 familiar compound verb to foresee, envisage compound verb
acquaintances 2 m. acquaintance a to be foresighted, to have envisaged b to have anticipated
pegl transitive Western [past: ] 1 to make a cut or pishp ng m. panther
notch 2 to cut; chop, chop off, cut off 3 medicine to amputate pish-pish-pish interjection here kitty-kitty-kitty
1
pes m. 1 m. leprosy 2 leprous 1 pisht tautological with
2
pis m. vanity; arrogance to be vain; be 2 pisht interjection Scat!
arrogant peshtr 1 former, previous 2 earlier, before
pisaj m. pishtraj m. kind of sweet green vegetable
pes m. paste toothpaste pishtvl m. 1 lintel (of a door) 2 ceiling 3 main ceiling
pes ugly; unattractive a to consider ugly, think beam
unattractive b to despise peshkhn f.
pska f. peshkhabar f.
piskj f. peshkhr extravagant, living on credit, living beyond one's
pislj m. section of land over which water passes at the time means
of irrigation peshkhor f. 1 life on credit, extravagance 2 grain on loan
pismn vain; arrogant against a future harvest (as collateral)
pajs pes f. Eastern 1 small coin, pice 2 usually plural peshkhajm f. 1 tent sent ahead of a military unit on the
pajs pes Eastern pes 3 money rich man, march 2 herald, harbinger
monied person a to take money b to take bribes peshd r m. military vanguard; advance party
pajsad r monied, well-to-do peshdst 1 outstripping the others, running ahead 2 swift,
pajsadost f. avarice, greed quick, adroit
1 pes m. leper peshdast f. 1 outstripping, running ahead 2 swiftness,
2 pisj m. fop, dandy quickness, adroitness
pajs pes Eastern plural of peshr n m. breechblock (of a rifle)
pesevl m. Eastern rich man, monied individual peshrs early, ripening early, early-ripening
1 pesh 1.1 in front, ahead; before 1.2 forward 1.3 earlier, peshrft m. 1 moving forward, progress 2 success,
formerly, first first of all a to bring forward; advancement 3 military offensive, attack a to move
advance; present b to adduce, offer (an example, a quotation) 2 forward b to produce successes c to attack
m. linguistics pesh, zamm (the supralinear symbol ' for the short peshrft ghuhtnkaj progressive
vowels /u/ or /o/) peshrv 1 m. .1 advancement, moving forward to
2
pish m. dialect cat go forward 1.2 doubt, fear 1.3 preface 1.4 person who is
pish a f. 1 mockery to laugh at someone 2 advancing 1.5 predecessor 2.1 front, anterior 2.2 preceding
attack 3 smirk, grin peshrav f. advancement, moving forward to
pish k m. scab; mange move forward, advance
peshmd m. 1 event, occurence 2 approach, behavior peshfikr f. foresight to be foresighted
They were rude. They conducted themselves peshbza f.
rudely. to conduct yourself in relation to
someone else, behave toward someone
164
peshkadm 1 advanced, vanguard, moving forward pishompj f. game with a ball

figurative forward, advanced detachment, vanguard 2 m. pishngaj m. pishongaj m. kitten
herald, precursor, forerunner peshavna f. 1 presentation; delivery 2 closing, locking
peshkadam f. 1 advance, advancement, moving ahead 2 (e.g., a door) 3 attaching, joining (to) 4 bringing forward (e.g.,
offensive 3 initiative conditions) 5 proposal, overture
pesharvl m. military 1 vanguard, advance units 2 peshvj f. ladle, scoop
patrol 1 pesh f. 1 trade, craft; profession 2 practice; habit
peshvza f. peshkavza (a kind of large double-edged 2 pesh f. regional 1 testimony, evidence to take
knife) to stab with a peshkavza down testimony 2 appearance (in court)
peshk m. medicine leprosy, Hanson's disease peshavr m.
peshk r m. 1 manager (e.g., of property) 2 overseer 1 pish f. cat a to try to ingratiate oneself
peshkr f. 1 direction, management 2 the work of an with, make up to, fawn upon b to make up to
overseer 2 pishj m. cat
pishka f. pussy, pussycat 3 pesh f. 1 precedent 2 conduct, conducting (of a trial)
1 peshak f. at the time of the (courtroom) trial
2 peshkj m. leper, Hanson's disease sufferer 4 pishj f. 1 small nose ring (female decoration) 2 hairy
peshgo f. peshgu prediction, forecast, prognosis caterpillar 3 purse
I can say nothing in advance. 5
pshi f. plural children's speech pee-pee, urine
weather forecast a to predict, forecast to pee-pee, urinate
b to make a prognosis, make a forecast (e.g., of the weather) peshadl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be delivered;
compound verb to predict, forecast present oneself to someone 2 to be closed, be locked, be bolted
peshg f. peshag advance, advance money, deposit (e.g., of a door) 3 to be attached, be joined 4 to be closed up (of a
peshl transitive [past: ] to cool (stirring with a wound) 5 to join, converge 6 to be put forth, be proposed
spoon) (conditions)
peshlra f. pishlraj m. peshn m. 1 the afternoon 2 namaz (Muslim prayer offered
peshlamj m. Western after noon)
peshmanj f. mockery 1
peh m. peh 1 2
peshmanj m. meal completed before daybreak 2
peh peh 1 going on, occurring happening to
(during Ramadan) me, happening to us; experienced by me, experienced by us
peshnih d m. [plural: peshnihdna plural: What kind of misfortune befell? 2 predicative
peshnihd t] Arabic proposition, suggestion front, anterior to, first, moved up front
a to introduce a proposal, propose b to submit proof 3 peh peh tautological with
to submit evidence to a court pehv pehv m. 1 humorous prank, trick; eccentricity; to
peshan fashionable fashionable clothing be engaged in pranks, perform practical jokes 2
pish f. cat proverb to set a cat to mockery, ridicule to ridicule 3 occurrence, event
guard meat, set a goat to watch the cabbages pehvr pehvr m. 1
peshv m. 1 leader, chief 2 history peshwa (title of the pehv pehv m. 1 imitator 2 scoffer
leader of the Mahrattas in India) pehkh pehkh m. pehkah pehkah f.
pishobz f. toadying, bootlicking to toady, gift; present to give a gift
be a bootlicker peh peh m.
pishopj f. tug-of-war (the game) 1 pehavr m. pehavr Peshawar (city)
peshavr m. artisan; workman Peshawar District
peshvrz m. overskirt (worn by a dancer) 2
pehvr m. carpet maker, weaver of palases (a kind of
pishogj f. 1 kitty, pussycat 2 hairy caterpillar napless carpet)
peshavl denominative [past: ] 1 deliver; bring to 1
pehavrj pehavrj 1 attributive Peshawar 2 m.
someone 2 close, lock, bolt (e.g., a door) 3 to fasten to, join, resident of Peshawar
unite 4 to bring forward, set (e.g., conditions) 2 pehavrj feminine singular of 1
He placed the following conditions before them. 5 to pekhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
present (with) cause, provoke to destroy to inflict harm,
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cause damage to trouble, disturb someone 2 to peghoravl denominative [past: ] 1 reproach;

render assistance; create (conditions) to facilitate reprove; judge; 2 reprimand, censure; rebuke
something peghoradl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
pha pha f. 1 occurrence; happening; incident
1
judged; be reproved
conflict What happened? What's the matter? 1 pajk m. fan to fan a fire 1
Yesterday the following incident occurred 2 pik m. funnel for pouring oil
a sad event Everything is from God. 3 pik m. peak (of a peak cap, military service cap)
You can't do anything about it. There's nowhere to pikp m. pickup (vehicle)
go. 2 occurrence, appearance In the pikatb m.
event of the occurrence of danger a to begin b to appear pik m. picket; outpost
by chance, arise by chance pajkr m. 1 figure; body 2 figurative personality traits;
2
peh peh f. 1 mimicking; mocking character
Stop teasing. to imitate someone; mock someone pajk f. 1 chains, shackles 2 hunting nooses, snares (for
2 imitation to mimic someone trapping birds) 3 figurative knotty problem; scandalous,
3 peh f. regional 2 maliciously litigious affair
peham r pehamr 1 imitating 2 m. mimic, imitator pajkl m. 1 chain 2 clothesline 3 roller of spiny or thorny
1 pehj m. material (used in threshing)
2 pkhi plural of 1 pajk m. 1 2 tool or device for cutting noodles
3 peh plural of 2 pekn m. pekng m. Peking (city)
pehedl 1 intransitive [past: ] .1 to happen, occur; pekvaj m. ribbon (for the hair)
go on; arise It rarely happens that pek pik 1 disordered; confused a to disorder;
I don't know what happened to me. embarrass, confuse b to spoil c figurative to poison (e.g., a life)
This will lead to sad consequences. to be disordered; be embarrassed, be confused 2 pale
It is a surprise to you that 1.2 to be found, find (color) 3 tasteless, unpalatable 4 unpleasant
oneself, happen to be; run into He met him. pektb pikatb m. pikav laj m. 1 confusion;
How did you happen to get here? 1.3 to come into bashfulness; shyness 3 paleness 4 bad taste, tastelessness
sight; appear 1.4 to be caused; cause, inflict (e.g., losses) 1
pekj m. bangs (cut straight across) a to cut of
Considerable injury was done him. Considerable the bangs b to announce to a young unmarried woman that she is
injury was done them. 2 m. plural occurrence, appearance to be engaged (married)
pehednkaj 1 present participle of 2 possible, 2
pik f. dive (of an aircraft) to pull
probable an aircraft out of a dive
pehed m. plural occurrence, appearance pekj lj wearing bangs
pehegr m. clown, buffoon 1 pajl m. beginning, initiative
pajgh m pegh m m. message; utterance to begin something; set about something; undertake something
to address someone with a formal message to start a job, begin a task
pajghmbr m. He is in his twelfth year.
peghltb m. 1 virginity, chastity 2 girlhood, girlhood 2 pil m. elephant
years in girlhood years folk saying Even after death an elephant has a barrel of water in
peghltn m. girlhood, girlhood years his belly. folk
peghlke f. dialect little girl saying A live elephant is worth a hundred thousand rupees, and
pghla f. unmarried girl, unmarried woman, spinster when he dies is worth twice as much. idiom Eastern
old maid twigs (a pastry) to doze, look stupid, look
pajghm m. dumb; yawn
pajghambr m. prophet arnebia (a kind 3 pejl transitive
of decorative plant) pajl t m. 1 disturbance; disorders, riots 2 fraud, swindling,
peghr m. reproach; judgement; censure, rebuke, reproof cheating
to reproach; censure; pass judgement; rebuke, reprove pajlt m. troublemaker
to blame one another to be ashamed pajltitb m. 1 stirring up trouble, sedition 2 cheating;
of something This is a great reproach to us. cheating at games
166
pel r m. curtain; blind to pull the blinds, close the pajmn f. 1 measure; dimensions; scale in a
curtains certain quantity in large proportions
pajlm f. 1 basis, foundation, base 2 sign, token 3 on a terrestrial scale compound verb to measure
disposition, temper 2 cup, goblet
pelb pelab f. lightning to flash (as lightning) pajmjsh m. 1 measure, standard 2 bound, limit
pilp f. 1 elephantiasis sufferer 2 medicine elephantiasis pajmjish f. metrology
pilpilka f. praying mantis (insect) pjmkhtb m. pjmkhv laj m. beauty,
pilkhn f. stable or stall for elephants attractiveness; good looks
proverb He who would keep an elephant must pay for a pjmkhaj 1 beautiful, attractive; good-looking 2
stable. beardless
pilr m. pillar, column frontier marker peml transitive [past: ] to measure
pelstaj growing up, growing stronger to grow 1 pemj m.
up, grow stronger 2 pem present tense of
pilghvga f. twigs (pastry) 1 pin m. powder (medicine)
pilmrgh m. turkey, Tom turkey 2 pin m. pin
pelna f. farewell, leave-taking to say good-bye, take pajn m. regional 1 point 2 sports point (in counting scores)
leave pindz 1
pelv f. pna f. 1 common dish or bowl 2 dinner party, party at table,
pilv n m. elephant keeper, mahout table-mates
pilt m. pilot, flyer automatic pilot penj f. stone base, buttress of a column
pilta f. [plural: pilo ni] female pilot, woman flyer pensl m. pencil
female aviator pajngh m. appendicitis
pilo f. the profession of flying, piloting pujng m. 1 vine 2 support for a vine
flight school flying school students, pingpng m. ping-pong
flight cadets pingn impatient; unable to endure
pelvdzaj m. pelvzaj m. brush, kindling; kindling peng f. 1 child's swing 2 cradle
wood pinl transitive [past: ] to lick up from the palm of the
pajl m. pelum m. 1 effort, diligence 2 care, hand, take up from the palm of the hand with the tongue (e.g.,
concern medicine)
pajln m. boot, launch 1
pin f. 1 trough (for dough); wooden basin 2 patch (e.g., for
pajln chalz m. computer science boot drive a shoe) to patch 3 brace, support (for a wall)
1 pelvna f. pna f. dish

2
2 pajlavna f. undertaking, initiative pinadz m. itinerant cobbler; cobbler

1 pel f. cocoon (of a silkworm) silkworm breeding, pin f. world, universe
sericulture silkworm to spin a cocoon
pingh m. medicine 1 constipation 2 colic 3 volculus (a
twisting of the intestine upon itself that causes obstruction)
(of the worm)
pla f. cow, female elephant
2 pe f. 1 turn 2 time
pelakash f. silkworm breeding, sericulture pev m. the Pevar Pass, the Pewar Pass the Pevar
Valley, the Pewar Valley
pelavr m. silkworm breeder
pelavar f. pjv z m. temporary cooperative operation for the collection
of milk for making butter and cheese for the winter
1 pajl f. plural leg bracelets, ankle bracelets
2 pel plural of 1 pevch m. pine tree
pelj r m. pevdl transitive
pajm l m. occupation, trade pevdna f. 1 composition; composing 2 arranging, setting
going; regulating 3 stringing, threading together; planting, seating
pajmlv l m. artisan, handicraftsman
in place
pajm n m. 1 promise; assurance; consent 2 obligation
to make a commitment to promise; assure pevdn m. order
to be obliged idiom the Atlantic Charter pevd m. plural
167
pjvra pjvra milch, milk (of a cow) This

cow gives much milk.
pajvst pevst Eastern 1 affiliated, adjoining, contiguous
His house is right next to mine. 2 te 1 the fourth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 400 in
m. .1 conjunction; contiguity; junction 2.2 friendship; closeness the abjad system
2.3 dialect gap; crack; break 1
t oblique form of the pronoun 1 used as an object with
pajvastag f. conjunction; contiguity; connection transitive verbs in the present and future tenses, and also in the
to join, conjoin; connect; affix imperative mood I came to see you. 2 used as a
pajvastn pevastn m. Eastern 1 joining; contiguity 2 subject with transitive verbs in the ergative "you", "by you"
friendship, closeness 3 merging, unification you killed him you said 3 used with
you laughed
pajvast 1.1 joined; affiliated 1.2 close 2 always, prepositions, postpositions and adverbs on you
constantly; continuously a beyond you b about you Eastern to
pajvast-abr having eyebrows which are joined you Eastern to you
pajvastedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 in you by
to join; adjoin to join someone, be on someone's you; from you Eastern for you Eastern with you
side 2 to become close friends, start a friendship Eastern like you, similar to you Eastern
pevkaj m. beneath you, under you
pajvl transitive [past: ] 1 to chop down (a tree) 2 to 2
t f. 1 layer; sheet single Eastern double 2
plumb, measure the depth (e.g., of a river) fold, crease 3 bend, twist
pajvnd m. 1 joining; coupling 2 repairing, mending, 3
t f. 1 sound 2 noise; roar, rumble
patching 3 agriculture grafting 4 rapprochement, friendship 4
t to set down, land (e.g., a plane); land, disembark
idiom blood relationship (troops, etc.) to alight (e.g., of a bird); land (e.g., in a
pajvandavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to plane); disembark
join, adjoin 2 to mend, patch 3 agriculture to graft 5 t 1 up to something 2 conjunction in order to
pajvand 1 patched 2 agriculture grafted tb m. power, might not to have the strength
pajvandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to to do something I don't have the strength to
join; interlock 2 to be patched 3 to be grafted fight with him. I don't have the strength to fight with them.
pionr m. pioneer (member of the Pioneer Organization) 2 tb m. 1 2 2 brightness, radiance, sparkling; light
1 pja f. bandage, dressing (for the eyes) 2 tb m. bend, twist
2 paj f. moth, clothes moth tb n shining, radiating, sparkling
pajedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be cut tbakhn f.
down (of a tree) 2 to be plumbed, be measured (e.g., the depth of tbd r winding, twisting
a river) 2 tbd r
pjr tbd n m. 1 window (glassed-in, e.g., in a roof); small
pejkaj m. window 2 small hinged pane for ventilation
pejl transitive [past: ] 1 to put together, make tbist n m. poetic summer
up; gather, assemble 2 to arrange, organize, regulate, adjust 3 to tb' tb' Arabic 1.1 subordinate; dependent 1.2 submissive,
plant, seat, string to string pearls on a string obedient to be subordinate, submit to 1.3 agreeable,
to thread a needle in agreement with something; corresponding to something 2.1 m.
pejlaj 1 made up; gathered 2 arranged, regulated 3 planted, [plural: tbe'in m. plural: taba'] supporter, adherent;
seated, strung; pulled through, threaded follower 2.2 [plural: atb' plural: taba' plural:
pejnd m. pejna f. tavb'] subject, national
pejvaj m. tbe'd r [plural: ]1 subordinate; dependent 2
submissive, obedient 3 devoted He obeys me
without question. He is devoted to me.
tb'dr f. 1 subordination; dependence 2 submissiveness
3 devotion a to submit (to), obey b to show one's
devotion
168
tb'galv f. tbe'v laj m. tbe'jt m. tdzhik adjective 1 Tajik the Tajik language 2 f.
Arabic allegiance; citizenship the Tajik language
tbe'n m. Arabic plural from tdzhik m.
tbl f. 1 picture; poster 2 view, panorama 3 table, plate 4 tdzhikist n m.
list tdzh ika f.
tblt m. tablet, pill tdzhik
tbt m. Arabic coffin tdzhl m. Arabic 1 postponement, delay 2 law suspended
tbutgr m. coffin-maker, undertaker sentence
1 tb imperfect of 1 t dzni t tskha 1 3
2 tb oblique of the suffix under direction tkh m.
tbakhn f. tkht m. 1 gallop at a gallop to urge on,
tbj ready, made, done whip up to a gallop to go at a gallop 2 attack
1 tbn m. a to gallop, race b to attack, carry out a raid on someone
2 tbn m. arrangement, adjustment to arrange, adjust tkht-u-tr dzh m. wholesale pillage
to be arranged, be adjusted compound verb to plunder, pillage, ravage
tbij f. tkhch f. shelf; niche (used as a bookshelf) idiom
tp m. top (of a carriage) to shelve, put off some matter
t pase 1 3 tkhm m.
1 tp f. tkhn m. 1 alarm, uneasiness 2 heartache
2 tp imperfect of tkhr m. Arabic slowdown, delay, procrastination;
tt r m. Tatar postponement to put off, delay; linger with something,
tt ra f. Tatar (female) stall
ttr adjective 1 Tatar the Tatar language 2 the td v m. tdj m. foundation (of a building)
Tatar language a to lay a foundation (for a building) b
ttrn m. hell, the underworld, the nether regions to found, create (a school, a direction in something)
ttml m. ttml m. strong desire, dream a 1 td f. 1 hurry, haste 2 quickness, swiftness, promptness
to experience a strong desire; dream b to feel sympathy, a to hurry, rush b to be prompt
sympathize 2 ta'add f. Arabic
t ta 1 3 tdb m. Arabic 1 punishment, means of exerting pressure 2
tt f. decrepit old woman correction, rehabilitation a to punish b to correct,
ta'assr m. Arabic [plural: ta'assurt] 1 rehabilitate
impressionability 2 impression 3 grief, sorrow 4 regret, chagrin tdij f. m. Arabic [plural: tdij t] payment (of taxes,
tsr m. Arabic [plural: tsirna Arabic plural: dues); payment (of a check) solvency
tsir t] 1 impression, effect; influence, action compound verb to pay (taxes, dues) to pay (a check)
to influence, affect someone; make an compound verb to be paid (of taxes, dues); be paid (of a
impression on someone to impress someone check)
to have an influence 1
tr m. 1 thread 2 string 3 anatomy chord, ligament
to influence, affect 2 physics induction vocal chords 4 warp (of a fabric) 5 yarn, thread 6 wire;
tdzh m. 1 botany crown 2 comb, crest (of a bird) conductor 7 colloquial telegram to
telegram
t dzh-i cock's comb b Amaranthus, amaranth 3 bookshelf receive a telegram to send a telegram a to issue
tdzhbkhsh m. emperor, suzerian a telegram, send a telegram b to call, phone idiom
tdzhposh f. coronation, accession to the throne a to be friendly with b to have a love affair with
tdzhd r 1 crowned, enthroned m. 2 king, monarch 2 tr m. plural
tdzhr 1 m. Arabic [plural: tdzhir n Arabic plural: tr dzh m. theft, pillage; plundering; robbery, piracy
tudzhdzhr] merchant tradesman petty tradesman compound verb to rob; plunder; destroy
2 attributive merchant, trade merchants (as a group) tr n m. botany knotweed
tdzhk m. Tajik trbark f. Eastern colloquial telegraph
tdzhikist n m. Tajikistan trpt r
tdzhka f. Tajik (female) trptravl denominative, transitive
169
trptredl denominative, intransitive trikhv r on certain days

trpt r 1 separately, apart 2.1 scattered, thrown about trikh Arabic historical
2.2 dispersed, strewn about 2.3 wind blown (of hair); fluffed up trz stringed instruments
(of feathers) 2.4 tossed, sprawled (of a sleeper, sick person) trik 1 dark, somber 2 m. history Tarik (name given to
Bajazid Ansari, founder of the Roshani sect, by his enemies)
denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to trka 1 feminine singular of 1 2 f. darkness, gloom
scatter, throw about 2 to disperse 3 to dishevel (hair); fluff up trik 1 f. darkness, gloom 2 m. history the Tariki (name
(feathers) for followers of the Roshani sect)
trptredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] trn
1 to be scattered, be thrown about 2 to be dispersed 3 to go t m. 1 gang, band of robbers Bandits fell upon
away, disperse, break up (e.g., from a meeting) 4 to be disheveled the village. 2 robbery to rob 3 boulder; large rock
(of hair); be fluffed up (of feathers) 5 to toss about (of a sleeper or t to plunder, rob
a sick person) 1 t k m. misfortune
trped f. military torpedo 2 t k m.
trt r 1 t
trkh m. Eastern plural of 2 t unfortunate
trk Arabic 1 leaving, abandoning 2 m. deserter 3 t imperfect of
trik-ud-dunj 1 having turned away from this world 2 t f. plural hand-clapping, applause to
m. hermit, anchorite, recluse thunderous applause to clap, applaud
trkh m. spider tz m. cicada
trkl m. plural tar tarred road tzd exclamation really and truly
trkj f. small spider tzr m. bath towel
trgr m. regional telegraph tzk m.
trlma f. snares, traps tzag f. 1 freshness 2 newness; novelty
1 tr m. francolin (a kind of patridge) francolin idiom tz indeclinable 1 fresh fresh bread 2 new, fresh
saying the one who is bold is the What news is there today?
one who has eaten This book is hot off the press. 3 glowing (of health)
2 tr m. Eastern collar beam (part of a harness) fresh and flowering 4 succulent, unwithered a to
trut r freshen, renew b to change, replace c to wash up (hands and face
1 trugj m. hawkmoth, sphinx before prayer) d to promote good health a to be
2 trugj feminine of 1 refreshed, be renewed b to be changed c to perform ablution
travl transitive [past: ] 1 to put in (e.g., to thread a (before prayer) d to be health, be in the pink e to liven up, cheer
needle) 2 up in recent days Be well! Good luck!
trun r thin, frail a to be thin, be gaunt b (God) bless you! newborn to inspire,
figurative to wither, be consumed (from grief, bitterness) rouse, hearten
trv Eastern masculine plural of tzadm fresh, new fresh troops, new units
tri attributive cotton cotton fabrics tzadim gh Eastern satisfied Ahmed
trkh m. Arabic [plural: trikhna Arabic plural: remained satisfied.
tavrkh] 1 date on the twentieth (day) tzag f. tzav laj m.
on the appointed day 2 chronology Christian tz m. borzoi (dog) male borzoi
chronology Muslim chronology 3 history tzijn f. lash, whip to lash, whip
history of Afghanistan historians tg dialect
trikhph m. historian 1 ts m. copper bowl; basin
trikhch f. concise history 2 ts m. Tass (Russian news agency)
trikhd n m. historian, history expert tspni f. plural card game
trkh liknkaj m. trikhnig r m. 1 tssf m. Arabic regret to regret,
historian 2 chronicler, annalist deplore to express regrets in
trikhnigar f. history connection with something
trikhnavs m. tslj m. basin, wash basin
170
t su t so Eastern tsi Eastern tse proper name 3 tk 1 odd (-numbered) 2 solitary 3 odd (not paired)
second person plural 1.1 you (used as subject of an action in all tk v m. cellar, basement
tenses and also in the imperative) Where are you tktk m. tactics
going? 1.2 you (as object of an action in an ergative construction) tkdr f. wine growing, viticulture
Who beat you? 2 oblique .1 you (as a direct tkar 1 at your house, at your home 2 to your house, to your
object with transitive verb in the present or future tense) home
When will we see you? 2.2 you (as subject of an tkist n m. vineyard
action in an ergative construction) What were you ta'kd m. tkd Arabic affirmation; confirmation; emphasis
doing? 2.3 with preposition, postpositions and adverbs to affirm, confirm; emphasize
on you, at you a behind ta'kdn Arabic categorically, persistently
you b about you to you to you ta'kid Arabic final, categorical, peremptory
by you, from you peremptory decision
Eastern for you Eastern with you Eastern 1 tl m. 1 copper basin 2 salt pit
like you, similar to you Eastern beneath you, under 2 tl hand-clapping (in time to music) to clap hands
you 3 you (used as a polite form in place of ) tl 1 f. robbery 2 robbed, pillage, destroyed
Eastern When did you arrive? compound verb to subject to robbery compound verb to
tss m. Arabic [plural: tsisna Arabic plural: be robbed
tsis t] 1 foundation, institution, creation, organization tl b m. 1 pool, reservoir 2 pond
compound verb compound tl-trgh f. plunder, pillage
verb 2 organization; institution 3 gathering, meeting tltb m. tltj f. robbery; plunder, pillage
tsis t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 institutions; tl r m. large hall
facilities military sites tl kavnkaj m. robber
tsisavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tlgr m. robber
found, create, organize 2 to build, erect tl n m. robbery; burglary to rob

tsisedl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] .1 tln amassed by robbery
founded, be created, be organized 1.2 to be built, be erected tl v m.
Several large dams have been built. 2 m. tlvl f. tlv laj m. tljna f.
plural foundation, creation t lara Eastern 1 3
tsh regional card game tli n m. colloquial tlikh n m. plural Talikan (city)
tshpt sh scattered, sparse, thrown about tlgr m. composer
tshurgh n m. Tashkurghan (city, also called Kholm) tllm m. Arabic suffering, torment; grief
tshknd m. Tashkent (city) tllin m. Tallin (city)
tshla wide and shallow (of dishes) t lnda f. thunder peals of thunder
th f. lisle thread tl m. palate to have a sore palate idiom
tgh r m. 1 clay trough, clay tub 2 kneading trough 3 bowl He very much wanted to complete the journey.
for fruit 4 lime pit 1 tl f. 1 small stream, brook 2 narrow and shallow gully
tghrk m. person with dropsy 2 tl f. meadow grass
t ghga f. 3 t la Eastern 1 3
t ghunde Eastern 1 3 4 tl f. 1
t gha f. hackberry, hackberry tree 5 f. Tala (populated place)
tft f. taffeta (material) 6 tl oblique singular of 1
t unpaired, odd tl-u-barfk m. Tala barfaq (Bazar-e Taleh, region)
tch f. 1 tlj f. Eastern round dish (of copper, etc.)
t banded (of a bird) 2 tl
1 tk m. steep incline, precipice idiom to 3 tl plural of 1
deprive of shelter to be homeless; be without tlf m. Arabic [plural: tlifna Arabic plural:
shelter tlif t] 1 composition writing; compilation (of a textbook, etc.)
2
tk m. [plural: tkna Western plural: tk n] 2 work (of literature), composition compound
grapevine verb compound verb
171
tlifavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tad r m. regional chief (of a border outpost or a police
compose, write; compile (a textbook, etc.) security detachment)
tlifedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be ted r m. regional district police chief
written, be composed; be compiled (of a textbook, etc.) 1 tv 1 m. .1 bend, twist; distortion a to bend, twist b
tlm m. to be dislocated 1.2 twisting, winding to rotate, spin,
tlemn happy, fortunate whirl compound verb compound verb
tm tmm Arabic full; complete full independence to walk around, circle a to
tm s m. proper name Tohmas bend, twist (something) b to wind, wrap c to spin, rotate, whirl
1 tmb f. copper red copper (something) 2.1 predicate bent; distorted 2.2 rotated, twisted
2 f. tent 2
Zejid has a high
tv m. 1 heat, temperature
tmbe m. 1 large smooth rock 2 cliff temperature. It's very hot, the
tmbej f. oar earth is blazing hot. 2 sunstroke affected by sunstroke
tmml m. Arabic thought; consideration a to think; 3 ardor, passion fervid imagination 4 anger 5
think over, consider, weigh b to ponder, hesitate, linger power, might idiom quickly, soon to
tmn ta'mn m. Arabic securing, providing (with); guarantee fade, wither away
tminavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tv n 1 m. .1 harm, injury; loss material damage
secure, provide (with); to guarantee to inflict a loss on someone;
tminedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be cause someone harm to suffer injury, incur losses 1.2
secured, be provided (with); be guaranteed compensation, indemnity reparations to
1
tn m. piece, item (manufacture) receive compensation to indemnify, compensate 1.3
2
tn m. 1 melody, harmony 2 creation, arrangement 3 burdening compound verb 2 predicate
regional disposition, temperature burdened (with something) idiom risk
tmb f. 1 tvndzhn
tnd 1.1 fresh, young 1.2 green, turning green, sprouted (of tv n rasavnkaj harmful; injurious; unprofitable
grain) 1.3 fresh, cool fresh breeze 2 m. growth (of tvnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
plants) cause harm, inflict injury or loss 2 to burden 3 to spend, use up
tndtj f. freshness, greenness (of plants) tv na 1 oblique singular of 2 feminine singular of
tndlb n tndlbnd died young, died prematurely 2
to die young, die prematurely tvn 1 unprofitable 2 maimed, mutilated

tndba river-irrigated land tvnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
tndavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to freshen, unprofitable
refresh (literally and figuratively) tvt v crooked; twisting, winding
tndla f. botany goosefoot, orach tvt f.
t nda f. 1.1 green shoot 1.2 cow which has calved (for the tvkhn f. heating device placed under the floor
first time) 2 feminine singular of 1 tvd m. plural from a to get excited, become
tnist f. 1 warp (of a fabric) 2 spider's web idiom impassioned b to take up some matter heatedly
to take to going somewhere (e.g., going for a walk) tvd s m. plural tvdj m. onion soup
tnk m. 1 tank 2 cistern 3 gasoline pump tvr m.
tnkd r adjective tank tvrt v crooked; winding a to twist, wind;
tnk mtavnkaj military anti-tank b to tack (a boat) to twist, wind idiom
anti-tank gun That shout echoed through the canyons.
tnkt m. military light tank, tankette tvz m. proper noun Tavuz
tng m. saddle-girth, belly-band ts m. peacock
tnganik f. Tanganyika tvavl Eastern tovl denominative, transitive [past:
tns m. Arabic 1 grammar feminine gender 2 biology ]1 to bend, twist; distort 2 to wind, wrap (around) 3 to twirl,
female sex turn, whirl 4 to roll (up), coil to roll down 5 to wrap (up) 6 to
t f. 1 outpost, security detachment (border, police) 2 entwine 7 to wind (up) in quantity
regional police station idiom regional to stay tvn m. tvunj m. plague; widespread death
too long as someone's guest, wear out one's welcome
172
1
tv f. 1 small barrier (to keep moisture in a field) 2 small tab r m. family, clan, trade
parcel of land tabrz m. Arabic 1 clearing up; clearness, clarity 2
2 tv 2 appearance, origin, beginning
1 tvj m. 1 screwdriver 2 screw tabshr m. chalk
2 tv tab h perished, destroyed to destroy to be
3 tv colloquial for perished; be destroyed
tvitk m. golden amulet, talisman tabhh l annihilated; destroyed
tvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to bend, tabhkn
twist; be distorted 2 to turn to the side (of a car, a road) 3 to be tab h kavnkaj destructive, ruinous; pernicious
wounded, be wrapped 4 to rotate, wind, circle around 5 to be tabh f. destruction; ruin; death
rolled (up) 6 to be wrapped up 7 to be entwined, twine oneself tabjn m. Arabic 1 antagonism; contradiction 2 opposition;
round 8 to be wound up (in quantity) 9 to hover (e.g., of smoke) antithesis
10 to turn toward someone tibt m. 1 Tibet; the Tibetan region 2 angora wool
tved m. plural action noun from tibat 1 Tibetan 2.1 m. Tibetan, inhabitant of Tibet 2.2 f. the
tvz m. Tibetan language
1 tvl m. ta'vl Arabic plural [plural: tvilna tabdzhn someone sick with fever
plural: tvil t] explanation, interpretation, commentary tabahhr Arabic in-depth knowledge of something
false rumors to explain, interpret, erudition
clarify That can be taken two ways. tabx m.
2 tvl m. tabakhk m. black-throated thrush
tvild r m. 1 tbkhj m. tabakhj 1 iron sheet (for baking bread) 2
tvilavl intransitive anatomy pelvis
th f. 2 2
tabakhj f. raven
thr 1 m. plural Takha (Tahar) tribe 2 m. Takhar (person) tabkhr m. Arabic 1 steaming, evaporating 2 smoking,
tb Arabic repenting, penitent, repentant fumigating
tjg f. taiga tabaddl m. Arabic [plural: tabaddulna Arabic
tjv n m. Taiwan plural: tabaddul t] change, alteration
tj f. tabdl m. Arabic 1 change, substitution 2 change,
tad m. tjd m. Arabic 1 confirmation, corroboration 2 transformation to turn into something 3
strengthening; support with his support move, transfer (in one's job)
compound verb compound verb 3 tabdln Arabic on the basis of a transfer ( in one's job)
thesis tabdilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to change, substitute, replace 2 to change, transform, alter 3 to
confirm, corroborate 2 to support, lend support move, transfer
tid 1 confirming, corroborating 2 providing support, tabdil f. 1 change, substitution, replacement 2 change,
supporting transformation 3 move, transfer (in one's work)
tajdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be tabdiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
confirmed, be corroborated 2 to be supported be changed, be replaced 2 to be changed, be transformed 3 to be
tiln m. moved, be transferred (in one's work)
tab m. 1 antidote 2 poultices 3 grinding; massage 4 liquid tabzr m. Arabic squandering, wastefulness to
ointment squander, spend senselessly
tb colloquial for 1
tbr m. tabr [plural: tbrna plural: tabarna
tabdulav economics exchange exchange Western plural: teber n plural: tabar n] axe idiom
value to incur expenses out of proportion with one's income
tabdul f. Arabic exchange on the basis of 2 tbr pocket (in the top of a dress)
exchange an exchange of opinions an tabarr f. Arabic forgiveness, pardon
exchange of books trade barter tabarzn m. history halberd; pole-axe
compound verb to exchange for something tabarr' f. Arabic m. [plural: tabarro' t] gift; giving
to trade with someone in the form of a gift
173
tabargh n m. marmot tablighavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to

1 tabarrk m. Arabic religion asking a blessing announce something, report something; to notify about something
2 tbrk m. 1 2 pillar of the water-lifting wheel tabligh propagandistic to propagandize,
tbrgj m. small axe, hatchet conduct a propaganda campaign
1 turbj m. notch on an arrow tablighedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2 tabarr f. Arabic announced, be reported
tabrz m. Tabriz (city) tabna f. 1 application of poultices 2 massage (with ointment)
tabrk m. Arabic [plural: tabrikna Arabic plural: 1 tabaj m. flat fragment of rock
tabrik t] greeting, congratulation 2 tubj f. board (for dough)
to greet someone with a holiday wish tabr m. brassiere
to wish (someone) a "Happy New Year" tabn m. compensation for being wounded or crippled
I congratulate you. to send greetings (provided according to the adat, traditional law of an Islamic area)
tabrik Arabic of or related to a greeting tba f. fever I have a fever. I'm
message of greeting, message of congratulation sick with a fever. Yesterday I was feverish.
address (written greeting) intermittent fever
tabassm m. Arabic smile to smile malaria malaria-carrying
tabsir f. Arabic note, comment; explanation, commentary mosquito, anopheles shivering, chills
to make a note typhus idiom
explaining something; clarify, comment on something feverish movements
judging by commentaries in the tbabrh m. inflammation of the lungs
foreign press to refrain from comment 1 tbj tubj m. 1 pouring hot oil (over food) 2 preparation of a
tab' m. Arabic [plural: atb'] follower; supporter, sauce a to pour hot oil (over food) b to prepare a sauce
adherent He is his supporter. religion friends 3
2
of the followers of Mohammed 2 tabj f. clay frying pan bread baked on

taba' m. Arabic plural from 2 a clay frying pan idiom ! children's speech It's hot! (said
tab'd m. Arabic exile compound verb to exile when an object being sought is nearby)
compound verb to be exiled 1
tap m. crowd, assemblage, mob
tab'idg h m. place of exile 2
tp m. Western 1 birthmark birthmark 2 wart
tab'z m. Arabic discrimination racial 3
tap perished; destroyed 2 1
discrimination 4
tap exclamation Go get him! (cry to dogs on a hunt when
tab m. tabak m. veterinary foot-and-mouth disease closing in on a wild animal)
tubakj f. 5
tap combining form with adjectives which indicate color
1 tabl transitive [past: ] 1 to make poultices 2 to absolutely black, pitch black outer darkness, pitch
massage (with ointment) darkness
2
tabl m. 1 embarrassment, confusion; shame to be 6 tap
embarrassed; be ashamed 2 fear, apprehension to fear, be tp f. agitation, excitement; uneasiness, disturbance
afraid of tap s m. 1 searches, inquiries 2 trying a to seek,
tablavl transitive [past: ] to embarrass; to shame search for b to try
tablj f. tambourine tap m. 3
tablledl intransitive [past: ] to be embarrassed; be tap k m. 1 zeal, fervor, diligence 2 mad, passionate love 3
ashamed greed, avidity His greed know no limits. 4
tablgh m. Arabic [plural: tablighna Arabic plural: agitation, excitement; unrest, disturbance a
tabligh t] 1 propaganda 2 announcement, report; to be filled with zeal; try very hard b to love madly, love
notification a to propagandize b to announce, report passionately c to be greedy d to be agitated, upset a to
something; notify about something compound verb love someone b to respect someone idiom to
compound verb race, run swiftly to shake someone's
tablight hand firmly
tablighch m. propagandist tap l m. clay (for plastering walls)
1 tap nd m. trowel (mason's, plasterer's tool)
174
2 tap nd 1 blazing 2 excited, upset 3

tt 1 to lose one's head; become confused or
1 tp nda f. 1 embarrassed 1 to freeze, be rooted to the ground
2 tap nda feminine singular of 2 tatabb' f. Arabic m. [plural: tatabbo' t] research;
taptp exclamation Go get him! (hunter's cry to his dog at the inquiry; study (of some problem) to engage in research;
lair of a wild animal) to research, investigate, study (some problem)
tptpanj m. popgun (children's toy) tatr m. proper noun Tatar
taprkaj m. scab, scabs tatrj m. tatarj porphyry (rock)
tap f. tapa burnisher (potter's tool) ttj ttaj tutj ttaj mumbling, speaking
tapk m. 1 beating of a drum, drumbeat 2 blow to the back of incomprehensibly
the head tatimm f. Arabic supplement; enclosure, appendix
tapl transitive [past: ] 1 to mold, form (from clay, etc.) 1 ttv laj m. 1 thickness; denseness (of sowing) 2
2 to coat (with) besmear 3 to glue (on), glue together 4 to stockiness; rootiness
accumulate, amass; collect, gather 5 to thrust (something on 2 ttv laj m. 1 faintness, weakness (of light) 2
someone) against his will to force an agreement incomprehensibility, unclearness (of a sound)
on someone ttavl denominative, transitive [past:
1
] to make
tpnd greedy compact, compact, thicken, make dense
tapndj m. 1 ttavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to make
2
tapna f. action noun from faint, weak (of light); to lower, dim (a light) 2 to muffle, lower,
tap f. tapan turn down (a sound; e.g., in a receiver)
tpo exclamation whoa (or similar to stop horses) tatva f. turtledove
tapr m. 1 brassiere 2 embroidered sleeveless blouse (worn by 1 tta feminine singular of 1, 2
young women) 2 tt 2 1
tps m. taps Eastern tapas Eastern question 1 tti feminine plural of 1, 2
to ask someone to ask after, inquire about 2 tatj f. 1 dewlap (of a camel) 2 front, belly (of reptiles)
someone idiom to grieve
1
tpavl transitive [past: ] to upset, disturb maliciously to avenge someone
2
tapavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to destroy, 3 tatj f. wooden measure for grain
ruin, annihilate 1 ttedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
tapavl denominative, transitive [past:
3
] to urge on, compact, be thick, be dense; thicken 2 to be stocky; be strong-
drive (a dog into the lair of a wild animal) rooted
1
tp f. 1 mountain, hill, mound; high place 2 family, part of a ttedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
2
tribe 3 region, province 4 used for designation of populated faint, be weak; grow dim My eyesight has
places Karatapa dimmed. 2 to be muffled, be incomprehensible (of a sound) 3
tpa feminine singular of
2 3, 5
figurative to be erased (from the memory)
tapaz r m. mountainous, hilly locality
tasbt m. Arabic 1 confirmation 2 establishment
1 tapj m. 2 compound verb compound verb
2 tapj f. pressed dung (used as fuel) tasbitavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
3 tap present tense of confirm 2 to establish 3 to make firm, make steady
1 tapedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to perish, tasbitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
die 2 to be destroyed confirmed This report has been confirmed. 2 to
tapedl intransitive [past: ]to beat, flutter (of the
2
be established
heart) tudzhdzh r m. Arabic masculine plural of
1
tt 1 thick, compact; dense (of crops) thick clouds tudzhdzhr n m. second plural of
dense sowing of wheat 2 with strong roots; stocky tadzhrb m. Arabic plural of
2
tt 1 faint, weak faint light 2 muffled (of a sound); tidzhrt m. Arabic trade, commerce foreign
inaudible, poorly heard 3 dark (of a color) 4 pale (of the lips) 5 trade internal trade
figurative faint (of a hope) idiom a cheerless life, a drab ministry of foreign trade to trade
existence tidzhratpew trader, person occupied in trade
tidzhpatdzj m. store
175
tidzhratkhn f. trading company, trading house tadzhrd m. Arabic 1 isolation; seclusion 2 abstraction;
tidzhrat Arabic adjective trade, commercial abstracting
trade agreement, commercial contract trade tadzhridavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
operation, business deal to isolate, separate 2 to abstract
tadzhns m. Arabic uniformity, homogeneity tadzhrid 1 isolated; secluded 2 abstracted
tadzhvz m. Arabic [plural: tadzhvuzna Arabic tadzhridedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
plural: tadzhvuz t] 1 encroachment, infringement 2 to be isolated, be separated 2 to be abstracted
border violation, intrusion, aggression 3 excess, exceeding (e.g., tadzhzij f. Arabic 1 analysis; breakdown (into component
exceeding one's authority) exceeding one's parts) chemical analysis 2 division (into parts)
commission a to encroach (upon) infringe compound verb a to analyze to break down (into
to encroach upon another's rights b to violate component parts) tadzhzij f. b to divide (into parts)
borders; invade, commit aggression c to exceed d to commit a compound verb a to be subjected to analysis; be broken down
misdemeanor (into component parts) b to be divided (into parts) c to fall apart,
tadzhvuz t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 disintegrate
misdemeanors; violations tadzhzijdzj m. tadzhzijakhn f. laboratory
tadzhvuzkrn tadzhasss m. Arabic 1 investigation; search; prospecting 2
tadzhavz kavnkaj m. aggressor military conducting reconnaissance 3 tracking, shadowing 4
tadzhvuz 1 encroaching (upon something) 2 violating secret service, spying, espionage a to investigate; look
borders; aggressive 3 exceeding (e.g., authority) for, search for; prospect for b military to conduct reconnaissance
tadzhvz m. Arabic plural from c to track, follow, spy upon
tadzhhl m. Arabic bookish to feign ignorance, tadzhassm m. Arabic embodiment, personification
pretend not to know to be embodied, be personified
tadzhaddd m. Arabic 1 renewal, renovation 2 novelty, tadzhall f. Arabic 1 shine, brightness; radiance; sparkling 2
newness figurative glory
tadzhaddudpasand f. love for everything new tadzhamm' f. Arabic accumulation, gathering, collection;
tadzhdd m. Arabic 1 renewal, resumption (e.g., of concentration to amass, gather; concentrate; accumulate
negotiations) 2 rebirth, revival tadzhamml m. Arabic luxury, elegance
tadzhid-i-nasr m. revision, review (e.g., of a court tadzhn m. Tedzhen River (in Russia; in Afghanistan and Iran
decision) called the Harirud River)
tadzhdidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 tadzhvz m. Arabic [plural: tadzhvizna Arabic
to resume (e.g., negotiations) 2 to revive plural: tadzhvz] 1 proposal to introduce
tadzhdidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 a proposal 2 decision, decree; resolution zr-i regional
to be resumed (e.g., negotiations) 2 to be revived, to revive law one awaiting a decision to decide, decree
tadzhribav tadzhhz m. Arabic [plural: tadzhhizna Arabic
tadzhrib f. Arabic [plural: tadzhrib Arabic m. plural: tadzhhiz t] equipment; arms; ammunition
plural: tadzhrb] 1 experiment, test a to munition factory compound verb to
perform an experiment, experiment b compound verb to check, equip, arm
test verify compound verb to be checked, be tested 2 1 tich m. sheath (of a sword, dagger)
experience, skill ... It has been shown in 2 tch dialect
practice that to have great experience taht Arabic 1 m. bottom, lower part of something 2
a to pass through a test b to gain experience, preposition lower (than something); under (something)
acquire skill tht-i below zero (of temperature) 3 forms part of Arabic words
tadzhribak r experienced experienced a underwater b submarine
person taht-ul-arz Arabic underground
tadzhribakr f. experience depths (of the earth)
tadzhribag f. tadzhribag h m. experimental taht-ul-bahr Arabic 1 underwater 2 f. submarine
station, testing station taht-ul-himjag f. protectorate
tadzhrib experimental as an taht-ul-himj mandated, under protection, under
experiment wardship
176
tahtn Arabic lower tahaffz m. Arabic 1 maintaining ( a discipline) 2 keeping

tahdd m. Arabic 1 limitation (e.g., in one's rights) 2 (a secret) 3 defense, safeguard 4 caution; precaution
establishment, determination (of something) 3 demarcation (of tuhf Arabic 1 f. gift, present a to give
borders) someone a present or tribute b to treat someone 2.1 rare,
tahdidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to uncommon 2.2 beautiful, excellent
limit (e.g., in rights) 2 to establish, determine something 3 to taha m. Arabic confirmation of something, certification of
demarcate (borders) something
tahdidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to tahr m. Arabic contempt; scorn; degradation; humiliation
be limited (e.g., in rights) 2 to be established, be determined 3 to compound verb
be demarcated tahiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tahrr m. Arabic [plural: tahrirna Arabic plural: despise; scorn; humiliate; insult
tahrir t] 1 writing, written account to write tah Arabic 1 m. [plural: tahina Arabic
down, jot down to be written (down) 2 language, style plural: tahi t] .1 investigation, legal inquiry; inquest
(of a writer) 1.2 check, verification 1.3 study, research a to
tahrrn Arabic in writing, in written form investigate, conduct an inquiry b to check out, verify c to study,
tahrir t m. plural Arabic 1 from 2 official papers; perform research 2 attributive true, correct; verified 3 .1 truly,
correspondence; paperwork (in business) office correctly 3.2 really
office chief, boss tahit tahi 1 investigative 2 of or relating to
tahrir written in written form, in writing an inquiry 3 verified, checked
tahrs m. Arabic inducement; incentive; instigation, tahm m. [plural: tahkimha plural: tahkimha
incitement idiom grammar hortatory particles Arabic plural: tahkim t] strengthening, reinforcing,
tahrf m. Arabic distortion making firm
tahrk m. Arabic [plural: tahrikna Arabic plural: tahll m. Arabic [plural: tahlilna Arabic plural:
tahrik t] 1 putting into motion 2 movement (political, tahlil t] 1 analysis; parsing analysis of blood
religious, etc.) 3 urging; incitement to urge parsing of a sentence 2 chemistry solution
someone, force someone; incite someone 4 stimulus compound verb compound verb
tahrikavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tahlilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
urge, motivate; incite to incite to murder make analysis (e.g., of blood) 2 to analyze, investigate, look into;
tahrm m. Arabic prohibition to parse 3 to dissolve (something)
tahassr m. Arabic grief, affliction tahliledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
tahsn m. Arabic approval; praise to approve; have completed an analysis (e.g., of blood) 2 to be analyzed; be
praise to praise someone parsed 3 to be dissolved
tahsinnm f. certificate of merit tahamml m. Arabic 1 patience, endurance
tahshd m. Arabic military assembly (of troops) compound verb to be patient; endure to
tahsl m. Arabic 1 receipt, acquisition endure difficulties to show endurance 2
receipt of information 2 collection, levying (of a tax, etc.) 3 submissive, obedience, humility
study, learning; education educational supplies; tahml m. 1 burdening 2 imposition (e.g., of an agreement)
textbooks to receive an education 4 regional section, tahmilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
region (tax collection) burden, load, make difficult 2 to impose to impose
tahsild r m. 1 regional head of a region 2 tax collector by force 3 to lay on
tahsildr f. 1 position as a tax collector 2 collection of tahmil imposed (e.g., of an agreement) an
taxes agreement imposed by force
tahsilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tahavvl m. Arabic [plural: tahavvulna Arabic
levy (a tax); receive, recover (a debt) plural: tahavvul t] 1 change, transformation, evolution
tahsil adjective educational, school; training to change something, transform something 2
school year turning point, transition to turn into
tahsiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to something; be replaced by something
be collected (of a tax); be recovered (of a debt) tahavvulavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
change, transform 2 to re-work, process (e.g., raw materials)
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tahvl m. tvl Arabic 1 transfer for safekeeping, handing tkharg m. arm-pit He was greatly
over for safekeeping 2 what has been hand over for safekeeping; shamed. He was embarrased. to take without
pawning, mortgaging 3 change, transfer (to another system of permission; take with oneself
measurement, etc.) tkhrgj m. gusset (in shirt)
tahvilkhn f. storage, storage room; warehouse takhrb m. Arabic 1 destruction high-explosive
tahvild r m. 1 keeper, custodian 2 manager of a bomb biology products of decomposition 2
warehouse or storage facility manager of a storage sabotage, wrecking 3 spoilage, breakage
warehouse or depot 3 military quartermaster 4 cashier; takhrib adjective of a wrecker, of a saboteur
paymaster cashier wrecking activity, sabotage
tahvilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tkhz f.
transfer, submit for storage 2 to change, transform 3 to change, takhasss m. Arabic 1 specialization 2 specialty
transfer (to another system of measurement, etc.) a to have a specialization b to be a specialist, have a specialty
tahvoledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to takhassus special; specialized
be transfered for storage be given over for storage 2 to be takhss m. Arabic [plural: takhsisna Arabic
changed, be transformed 3 to be changed, be transfered (to plural: takhsis t] 1 purpose, earmarking, setting apart
another system of measurement, etc.) (for something); assignment (under something) 2 assignation,
tahijt m. Arabic [plural: tahij t] greeting compound verb
appropriation, allocation
to greet someone compound verb
tohk r m. takh r Takhar Province
tokhrist n m. Takharistan (region in northeastern takhsisavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
Afghanistan in former times) 1 to intend, earmark, set aside (for something); to assign (under
takhlf m. Arabic 1 difference, distinction 2 contradiction something) 2 to appropriate, allocate
takht m. throne to ascend to the throne takhsisedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
saying either the throne or the slab 1 to be intended, be earmarked, be set apart (for something); to be
tkht-i-rav n m. sedan chair assigned (under something) 2 to be appropriated, be allocated
takhtk m. small board takhsisij f. Arabic appropriation, allocation
takhtg h m. appropriation for education
takhtnishn m. king takhatt f. Arabic 1 aggression 2 encroachment,
takhtnishin f. accession to the throne; succesion to the infringement 3 error, mistake a to commit aggression
throne b to encroach (upon something) c to err, be mistaken
takht 1 f. .1 blackboard to write on the board takhtt m. Arabic 1 outline 2 sketch, draft
1.2 sheet (of paper) 1.3 slab (e.g., of a marble) 1.4 technology takhatt kavnkaj m. aggressor
shield 1.5 piece (used in counting rugs, hides, sheets, etc.) 2.1 takhff m. Arabic 1 relief, softening, weakening 2 discount;
densely woven (of a fabric) 2.2 densely packed lowering (of a price) 3 curtailment (e.g., of arms)
compound verb 2.2 a to level, flatten b to weave densely c to a to relieve, soften, weaken b to make a discount; to
cram in, stuff lower (a price) c to curtail (e.g., arms)
takhtaband f. veneering with boards; lining, facing takhalls m. Arabic 1 takhallus (a literary pseudonym) 2
takhtap k m. rag (for wiping the school blackboard) nickname
takhtaph m. 1 wooden flooring, planking 2 platform takhallf m. Arabic violation, non-observance, non-
takhtasng m. 1 flagstone (shale) 2 stone stab fulfillment
takhtanrd m. game of cards takhli m. Arabic 1 creation, making to be
tkhtaj kampjr m. computer science table PC, created 2 upbringing, education compound verb
desktop
takhtj f. 1 small board 2 small tabular listing; small plate
takhliavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
make, create 2 to bring up, educate
with inscription
takhdz f. takhli creative
takhlij f. Arabic 1 evacuation 2 unloading
compound verb a to evacuate b to unload 3 isolation, solitude 4
deviation; evasion
178
1
tukhm m. 1 seed (of fruit) 2 seed, grain tkhavl transitive
a to sow b figurative to sow the seeds of dissension 3 breed (of tkhunj voracious, gluttonous
cattle) idiom to die out to destroy, 1 tkh f. curds, cottege cheese curdled milk
exterminate ! May your family grow and prosper! 2 tkh f. tkhj m. tickling
2 tkham m. 1 spit 2 steam (e.g., from a pot) tkhedl intransitive idiom
tukhmpk f. cleaning of grain grain I'm ashamed to look at him.
cleaner, grader, screening machine takhajjl m. Arabic 1 imagination, fantasy power
takhmkh 1 interjection pah, phooey 2.1 shamed, of imagination 2 supposition, assumption 3 idea
embarrased 2.2 scattered; disconnected, incoherent takhajjul 1 imaginary; assumed 2 fantastic 3 romantic;
tukhmd n m. botany ovary dreamy
tukhmrz sown sown land tadbr m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 plans
tukhmrez f. 1 sowing, crops 2 spawning a tadrk m. Arabic [plural: tadrukna Arabic
to sow b to spawn plural: tadruk t] 1 preparation; stock-piling 2 supply
tukhm shindnkaj a to prepare; stock up b to supply, fit out
sowing machine, seed drill tadruk t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 half-finished
tukhmguzr f. laying of eggs products, billets, blanks 3 military rations, pay and allowances
tukhmv l flowering (type) flowering plant tad' f. Arabic psychology association
1 tukhm f. 1 origin 2 breed 3 seed-bud sperm tadf' f. defense
to shoot up (of crops) tadf' Arabic defense; defensive defensibility,
2 tukhm f. Arabic medicine indigestion, dyspepsia defensive capability
tukhm 1 seminal, seed to go to seed 2 tadv f. Arabic medicine treatment; therapy
uninoculated; ungrafted 3 productive (of a hen) compound verb to treat (with something)
takhmr m. Arabic fermentation; figurative ferment tadabbr m. Arabic judgment, good sense, reasonableness;
tukhmz foresight, prudence
takhmn m. Arabic 1 supposition, guess 2 estimate, tadbr m. Arabic [plural: tadbirna Arabic plural:
approximation (of something), calculation; draft, preliminary tadbir t plural: tadbr] 1 measure
outline compound verb cautionary measures, precautions 2 means 3 inventiveness,
compound verb resourcefulness
takhmnn Arabic approximately, about to show resourcefulness 4 good sense a to take
takhminavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 measures b to carry out some measure c to show resourcefulness
to suppose 2 to estimate, make an approximation, calculate d to be sensible
takhmin 1 imaginary imaginary point 2 tadkhn m. Arabic smoking
conjectural; hypothetical; approximate tadarrdzh m. Arabic gradual movement; gradual transfer
according to an approximate count, approximately tadrzh m. Arabic 1 gradualness
supposedly; approximately gradually, by degrees 2 gradation
tahkminedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 tadrdzhn Arabic gradually
to be proposed, be intended 2 to be determined approximately, be tadridzh gradual gradually
calculated tadrs m. Arabic [plural: tadrisna plural:
takhanns m. Arabic delicacy; softness; effeminacy tadris t] teaching, study (of something)
tkhmavl transitive [past: ] to tickle idiom Directorate of Institutions of Learning (in the Ministry of
to stimulate nerves Education of Afghanistan) compound verb
tkhnedl intransitive [past: ] to feel a tickling compound verb
sensation tadrisavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tekhnk m. technique, technology, engineering teach, give lessons
tekhnikd n m. technician, technically qualified person tadris Arabic adjective learning; teaching
tekhnik technology technical textbooks, educational aids director of studies
machinery, technical equipment technicians, tadrisedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
technologists, engineers studied, be taught (in schools, etc.)
tkhg m. strong desire, strong wish; attraction tadfn m. Arabic burial, funeral
179
tad m. Arabic [plural: tadina Arabic plural: put your arm under your head to be
tadi t] 1 careful study, meticulous research 2 check, struck by a car to be covered by snow 1.2b in
verification a to study in expressions with the verb to examine, take
detail; search thoroughly b to verify under observation to educate, bring up;
tadvr m. Arabic 1 starting, start up starting a cultivate, foster 1.3 out of, from (indicates direction of an action
factory 2 work, functioning from somewhere, from within something)
tadvn m. Arabic 1 composition, compilation (e.g., of a Zalmaj went out of the house. Tears
collection of stories, of a textbook) 2 codification poured from my eyes. 1.4 with someone, with something (with
legislative department (in ministries of Afghanistan) 3 the postposition with my father
entry, writing in compound verb to mix with one another 1.5 above, more than, over (indicates
tadvinavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to exceeding some number or quantity) more
compose, compile (e.g., a collection of stories or articles, a than one kilometer; it exceeds one kilometer
textbook) 2 to codify, classify, systematize no more than ten thousand meters ...
tazabzb m. Arabic indecision, uncertainty, vacillation more than two years have passed since 1.6 than (indicates
uncertainty about something to comparative and superlative degrees) Ahmad is
vacillate, be indecisive to carry out something older than you. Today I came later than you.
unwaveringly 2 adverb .1 from him, from her; from them
tazkhr m. Arabic accumulation accumulation of But in their studies Gulbashara overtook him. 2.2
water reserves without him, without her; without them; without it
tazk r m. Arabic reminder; remembrance; reference (to) It's not necessary, we'll get along without it. idiom
to make mention of someone; recall someone to the point that; as much as, to such a
tazakkr m. Arabic 1 reference (to); reminder (about); degree first of all
information, notification 2 discussion a to remind; 2 tre Eastern 5
inform, notify b to discuss 3 tar damp, wet
tazkir tazkar f. Arabic 1 passport passport; tr suffix showing comperative degree in borrowed words
personal identification; residence permit 2 certificate 3 note; worse
reminder dismissal notice 4 short biographies (of 1
tr
famous people, poets, etc.) biographies of poets with 2
tr f.
examples of their poetry; anthology 3
tar suffix indicating comperative and superlative degrees
tazkr m. 1 grammar attributing masculine gender to a word better, best greatest
2 grammar masculine gender 3 biology male sex tar b used with
tazll m. Arabic humiliation, degradation, abasement tarb' m. Arabic plural of
tazmm m. Arabic obligation to undertake an tr pi present tense of
obligation, pledge oneself, undertake 1 tr m. Eastern trot (gait); fast pace at a run
1
tr 1 preposition in Western dialect words of feminine gender to ride at a trot
ending in "o" may not be inflected 1.1 independently or in to drive a horse to run swiftly
combination with : 1.1a to, up to (indicating a distance) 2 tr m. 1 1 2 spur
up to Kabul
I'm going (as far as) to the city. tr a f. 1 zig-zag emboidery (on silk) 2 edging, piping 3
1.1b to, up to, till (indicating an interval of time)
from morning till evening Until what time? tr aj brittle, fragile
How long? up to this day until death 1.1c tradzhed f.
to, up to (indicating a quantitative limit) count tarhm m. Arabic plural of
up to twenty 1.1d across (e.g., going across something) trkh onomatopoeia bang, boom
to jump across a stream to trkh dialect masculine plural of
cross a river 1.1e through; past (e.g., through or past something) tr a 1 stripe, streak to cut off a strip 2 ribbon,
to go through town; go past a town; pass by a town 1.2 tape
in combination with 1.2a under (e.g., lower than something, trr 1 upset; disturbed 2 perplexed; in confusion; in a panic
from the lower part of something) under the table trr f. 1 agitation, anxiety 2 perplexity; confusion; panic
under the earth; subterranean to confuse someone, upset someone
180
tr m. three-year-old camel tr m. beginning

tr a 1 f. .1 pebbles, shingles 1.2 rocky place 1.3 foot (of a tr a f. anger; malice to fly into a rage; be angry
mountain) 2 attributive .1 pebbly 2.2 stony, rocky trvrs m. sleeper (railway car)
tarz m. scales; spring-balance cup on a set of tr sa tr sa pri until now
scales to outweigh (on scales) idiom trv f. woven bag, woven sack (for transporting dirt)
He has huge ears. He is lop-eared. trv f. tarvh f. Arabic plural additional prayer or
tarzuv n m. weigher service (performed during Ramadan)
1 tarz f. 1 chunk, bit, piece to cut a tar h m. 2
melon into pieces to cut in slices 2 shred, scrap; tur f. loofah, luffa
string (e.g., of fabric) to tear into shreds, tear into strips trb turb [plural: trb n plural: turb n] 1 radish 2
to be torn, be shredded horseradish
2 tr za f. large dam (for irrigation) tarb raj m. clothes rack; cloak-room
trzhed 1 f. tragedy 2 attributive tragic 1 turbt m. Arabic 1 grave; tomb, burial vault; mausoleum 2
trzhk tragic used in geographical names turbt-i Turbat-i Haidari
tar sh m. 1 cutting 2 forming, shaping 3 chopping knife, (town)
chopper 4 form, shape, aspect 5 shaving tarbt 1.1 compressed, squeezed 1.2 stuffed a to
2
trshl tarshl transitive [past: ] 1 to cut 2 to press, squeeze b to stuff, pack in a to be pressed b to
wipe off, scrape off 3 to shave 4 to trim 5 to confine, limit 6 to be stuffed, be packed in 2 m. .1 stuffiness, closeness 2.2
sculpt 7 to scrape (parquet) idiom to compose, think maladjusted person, disturbed person
up to pretend to be a fakir trubch f. radish
tarsh f. 1 shaving, filing 2 piece, bit of something turbd m. turbd turbd botany jalap (root, a laxative or
tarshj m. scraper purgative)
tarshedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be trburna plural of
cut, be trimmed, be cut off 2 to cut one's hair, have a hair-cut 3 trbr oblique singular of
to be polished 4 to be carved (of stone) sculpture, trabgan f. 1 relationship through grandparent (as cousins) 2
statue enmity, rivalry (usually between close relatives) to
tar gh m. 1 fold, wrinkle 2 bend, twist 3 circle, ring show hostility, show rivalry 3 relationship, similarity
trfk m. traffic (on the street, etc.) regulation turbuts f. radish leaves, radish tops
of street traffic Department of Traffic Regulation tarbkhta f. something which smells bad, something which
(in Afghanistan) gives off a foul odor bad smell, foul odor
trfik road, highway; transportation-related trbkhti f. plural stale air, stuffiness
road signs trbr m. [plural: trburna Western plural:
trk m. 1 crack, split 2 cracking noise 3 cut, groove, notch trburn] cousin (on the father's side) saying
(e.g., on the barrel of a gun) A cousin is a snake in one's bosom.
trktr m. [plural: trktorna plural: trburgalv f. trbur f.
trktor n] 1 tractor 2 truck tractor trbuzk m.
tarkm m. Arabic 1 accumulation, concentration 2 pile, tarbza f. kind of silk embroidery
heap tarbijt m. Arabic 1 upbringing; teaching the
trm m. upbringing of children, teaching of children 2 breeding (of
trmbj f. stairway animals) animal husbandry compound
trmvj m. streetcar, tram verb a to be raised, brought up, taught b to be bred (of animals)
trm f. 1 sheet metal for roofing 2 lampshade idiom physical education
tr ndza f. stickiness, adhesiveness tarbijat 1 2 preparatory
trnzt m. transit tarb' m. Arabic [plural: tarb'] 1 phase (of the moon)
trnzit adjective transit 2 square 3 squaring, quadrature
trnsprt m. transportation, transport, conveyance tribjn m. tribune; platform, chair (at a university);
passenger conveyances, passenger conveying department (of a university)
tarn f. 1 song 2 hymn state hymn a to tarbijav educational; pedagogic
sing b to sing a hymn
181
tarbij f. Arabic development of mental traph r m. 1 stamping, trampling 2 beating (e.g., of wings),
ability educational work teachers, clapping
pedagogues trapj m. 1 gait, step, walk 2 sound (of steps); tramp (of feet)
tarbijkhn f. farm trapedl intransitive [past: past: ] 1 to beat,
1 trap 1 onomatopoeia .1 clop, clop-clop 1.2 bang, crack, tremble, pound, shake 2 to jump; hop, skip 3 to stamp, tramp; tap
boom 2 .1 jump; leap, bound to jump; leap, bound one's foot 4 to tremble, shake, quake (e.g., from fright) 5 to
to leap up from one's place 2.2 flight, escape twitch convulsively, shake, flutter (of a wounded or dying animal
to flee, run saying Either a blow from the or bird) 6 figurative to bustle about, run around, fuss
saber or flight tread, tramp, clatter (of hooves) idiom tarped f.
to weaken, lose one's strength, wear oneself out 1 trat m. whip; history knout
trp m. turp 2 turt 1 instantly, momentarily, in a flash 2 quickly, hurriedly
trp f. 1 tramp, clatter (e.g., of camel's hooves) 2 convulsive tart b m. 1 regret; sorrow, sadness to regret;
twitch, shaking, quivering (of a wounded animal or bird) 3 grieve, be sad saying You can't get back
slaughter (of an animal, bird) what's been lost.
tarp l m. tarpln m. canvas top (of a vehicle), awning tartr male borzoi (dog)
trp m. botany plantain tartaj m. 1 stammerer, stutterer 2 stammering, stuttering 3
trpuch f. turpuch kind of bird
traparj-traparj children's speech clippety-clop trtlo m. trtla eternally, forever
to stamp one's feet tartb m. Arabic [plural: tartibna Arabic plural:
1 trap m. [plural: trap] 1 rags, old clothes; rubbish 2 tartib t] 1 order, routine; arrangement a in
garbage, waste 3 defective goods, rejects that order b in such a way order of the day
2 trp m. loafer, idler, lazy-bones in order by years; in chronological order
trpka f. [plural: trpki] 1 stamping, treading regulated, put in (good) order 2 disposition, arrangement;
a to stamp, tap one's foot b figurative to insist, distribution 3 measure
persist Do you continue to insist on your tartib t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 measures
own way? to come hopping 2 fluttering, quivering to take measures
1 trpl transitive trpi [present: past: ] 1 to oil, tartibv r in order, by turn
grease, lubricate 2 to lay in, lay on, pack; stack in a pile tartibavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
trapl transitive [present: past: trapll
2
arrange, put into order 2 to organize, regulate 3 to compile (e.g.,
transitive past: ] 1 to jump; to lists); write (a report) 4 to dispose, arrange, set out 5 to deploy 6
gallop 2 to run swiftly 3 to run off, disappear to form (units)
literal I don't run from the saber. figurative I'm not afraid of tartib ordinal
battle. tartibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
traplna f. 1 jumping; galloping 2 fast running 3 running put into order, fall into order 2 to be arranged, be organized; be
away, ducking out regulated 3 to be compiled (e.g., a list); be written (of a report) 4
trapl past tense stem of to be disposed; be deployed 5 to be formed (of units) !
trapld past tense stem of Fall in!
1 trpla imperfective imperative of taratezk m. singular & plural watercress, Lepidium sativum
2 trpla f. military movement at a run across some area, rush, tra m. 1
bound tar p m.
trapandj m. trapnkaj m. 1 rock thrown into tral transitive [past: ] 1 to swear, curse; scold,
shallow water (for going across) 2 [plural: trapand reprimand, tell off 2 to banish, drive off
plural: trapnki] river crossing of stones or rocks trana f. 1 scolding, reprimand 2 banishment, exile
trapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to jump,
1
tra f. woven corn-bin (shaped like a barrel)
cause to gallop 2 to cause to run swiftly 3 to put to fight 4 to tardzhum n m. Arabic 1 translator, dragoman 2 one who
pull (by the tail feathers, of a bird) expressed others' wishes, opinions, feelings, etc. 3 representative,
trpavl transitive [past: ] 1 to oil carelessly,
2
envoy, messenger
lubricate carelessly 2 to beat, strike, thrash, drub
trap f. 1 jump; gallop 2 dance, dancing
182
tardzhumn f. Arabic 1 work of a translator, work of a trkha torj f.

dragoman 2 expression of someone's wishes, opinions, feelings, 1 trkh 1 feminine plural of 2 f. plural figurative
etc. bitterness, a bitter feeling
tardzhum Arabic translation (from one language into In life he saw much grief and joy.
another)
word-for-word translation 2 trkhj f. chamomile
compound verb to translate 3 tarkh f. frosts, cold spells
to translate into Pashto translated book trkhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to become
tardzhh f. tardzh Arabic preference right of bitter, have a bitter taste, turn rancid; be over-peppered
preferential acquisition to tarkhs m. Arabic 1 dismissal, disbandment 2 military
prefer someone, prefer something to surpass transfer to the reserve
someone, surpass something; be preferred to someone, be preferred taraddd m. Arabic 1 indecision, vacillation, doubt without
to something hesitating 2 running regular trips a to be indecisive,
tardzhhn Arabic preferably hesitate b to run (between), make regular trips
tardzh f. Arabic 1 return 2 repeating, repetition tardd m. Arabic 1 declining, refusal; denial, refutation
tardzhi'bnd m. ballad (with a refrain of two rhymed half- incontestably, undeniably 2 indecision, hesitation, doubt
verses) undoubtedly
trch 1 m. sneezing 2 interjection ah-choo tardidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
trchl intransitive [past: ] to sneeze decline, reject, turn down; deny, refute
trcha f. trchah r m. sneezing tardid declining, rejecting; denying, refuting
1 trdz m. trts m. interval of time along tardidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
with this, at the same time as this; by the way, incidentally refused, be denied; be refuted
in one's own speech in the tardf m. Arabic 1 movement, proceeding 2 to string, thread
course of life tr ra
2
trats m. Eastern 1 edge; side a obliquely, slantwise b 1 tr m. plural small clouds
sideways 2 edging, border, hem 3 crude word, sharp word idiom 2 tre f. plural Eastern combining form with
to look askance at someone, look suspiciously at tarz m.
someone to speak secretly tarzub n talkative
trtskn attractive trznaj m. cattle which have just been purchased and brought
tr ts tr ts pori tr ts chi until home
tarahhm m. Arabic pity, sympathy to be sorry (for), taragmj f. Western
feel pity, have sympathy to be sorry for 1 tars m. 1 fear, fright 2 sympathy, pity I
someone; take pity on someone felt sorry for him.
tarhm m. Arabic [plural: tarhm] prayer for the 2 trs m. 1 2 2 inclined, sloping
repose of the soul (of the dead) funeral gathering tars m. non-Moslem; pagan; Christian
1 trakh m. tarsn timid, skittish
2 trakh m. tarassb m. Arabic settlement (of alluvia)
1 tarkh n m. history person freed from payment of tribute or geology alluvium
taxes trast m. trust (industrial or business)
2 tarkh n m. trastishp m. 1 guardianship, trusteeship 2 patronage,
trkhdz f. wedge, gusset (in a shirt) sponsorship
trkhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make tr sra
bitter; over-pepper 1 tarsrj m. bridle; headband
tarkhn m. botany tarragon 2 trsri m. tarsri plural freckles
1 trkha f. botany wormwood to be covered with freckles
2 trkh 1 masculine plural of 2 m. plural pepper trsri-mkhaj freckled
black pepper red pepper traskn somewhat salty
3 trkh feminine singular of traskunavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
4 trkha f. crack, split; slit, crevice to crack, make salty, salt slightly
split traskn
183
trsnd keeping away, avoiding something; indifferent, someone (responsibility); obligate someone; thrust upon someone,
apathetic, unconcerned foist upon someone
trsndv laj m. avoidance (of something); indifference, to be assigned to someone (responsibility); to be
apathy obligated
trsndavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to targh k m. 1 storm 2 waste (plot of) land, waste ground
remove, free trghalnaj m. medicine mastitis
trsndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to 1 trghne 1 f. darkness, dusk 2 attributive
keep away (from something); be indifferent, be unconcerned when it got dark, when twilight fell
tarsb m. Arabic geology sediment (of a rock layer), 2 trghnaj ancient, old; antique
sedimentation trgh 1 sparse, scattered, thrown about 2 diffused, dispersed,
tarsib geology sedimentary driven away a to scatter, throw about b to disperse,
trsijari geology tertiary, ternary drive away a to be scattered b to be driven off, be
tarsm m. Arabic image, representation, description; dispersed
exposition, account targhb m. Arabic encouragement, incentive
tarsimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to to encourage someone, inspire someone
represent, describe; expound 2 math to describe to targhj - targhj
describe a circle taraff' f. Arabic haughtiness; arrogance
tursh 1 sour (to the taste) 2 figurative unsatisfied, dissatisfied; tarf' f. Arabic [plural: tarfi'gni m. Arabic plural:
irritable 3 figurative gloomy, morose tarfi' t] promotion (at work) edict on
trsh 1 postpositive behind, after; in a back of promotion (in one's position, profession) promotion in
He followed slowly after him. 2.1 behind to rank to receive a promotion (at work)
lag behind to lag behind others 2.2 back tarf'n Arabic by way of a promotion (at work)
to put off, postpone ! About face! (as command) tara f. Arabic [plural: taraj m. Arabic plural:
to repel, fight off (e.g., an attack) to retreat, fall taraij t] 1 forward movement 2 progress, development;
back to throw back (an opponent) success attainment to strive for progress
trshp te backward (of a country) to further the progress, further the development of
trshtg m. [plural: trshked] m. withdrawal, something, develop something 3 growth, increase (of taxes, etc.)
retreat, departure a to progress, develop; be successful b to
tarashashh f. Arabic m. [plural: tarashshoht] 1 grow, increase (of taxes, etc.)
physiology secretion 2 leakage (of rumors) a to ooze taraiparvr taraikhh progressive; striving for
out, exude b to leak (of rumors) progress
turshrj turshr dissatisfied, having a sour taredl intransitive [past: ] dialect to double up
expression; sullen, gloomy (from pain)
turshru f. dissatisfied expression, dour expression; tarm m. Arabic numeration, numbering
sullenness, moroseness taraijft progressive, advanced; developed
turshmaz sour (to the taste) 1 trak m. germination, sprouting; growth to
turshv laj m. sour taste germinate, sprout, grow
tursh f. 1 salted food(s) 2 chemistry acid 2
trak m. 1 knock, thump; blow 2 tread, tramp a to
trkhdz f. trhza f. trhza 1 adze 2 wedge, knock; to strike b to tramp, tread
gusset (in a shirt) 3
trak m. reservoir (of a churn or press)
trhka f. path, small road 4
trak m. decorative edging of a rug (made of woolen threads)
tarassd m. Arabic [plural: tarassudna Arabic 5
turk m. 1 Turki (member of ethnic group with Turkic a
plural: tarassud t] 1 observation aerial language) 2 Turk 3 history soldier 4 poetic handsome youth
observation 2 waiting; temporizing 3 shadowing 6
tark m. Arabic 1 leaving, abandoning 2 refusal of
tarassudg h m. observation point something a to leave, abandon b to refuse something
targh combining form with 7
tark m. 1 crack, split; cleft, fissure 2 crack, crackling
trgh a 1 serving as a debt, serving as an obligation; laid (sound) 3 hoof disease (in horses, mules, etc.)
upon someone, entrusted to someone (literally: around the neck) trk f.
to assign tarkr f. verdure; vegetable, vegetables
184
tarkrivl m. greengrocer 4
tarakj f. cluster of rocks (apart from a mountain ridge)
tark m. carpenter to be a carpenter; do carpentry 5
1 trki m. plural Taraki (tribe) 2 trkaj m. Taraki
work (tribesman)
tarkk m. woodpecker 6 trakj f. (young) goldfinch
1 tark f. carpentry; carpentry work tarkb m. Arabic 1 compilation 2 chemistry compound,
2 1 tark m. plural Tarkini (also called Tarkanis, composition 3 linguistics sentence, phrase, combination of words
Tarkalani, Tarkalanis, name of a tribe) 2 tarkj m. Tarkini 4 philosophy synthesis
(tribesman) tarkibbnd m. literature verse form with a refrain at the
traktr m. end of each stanza consisting of two rhymed half-verses
1 tarakz m. plural the Tarakzi (a subdivision of the tarkib Arabic 1 composite, complex, complicated 2
Mohmands) 2 tarakzj m. Tarakzi (tribesman) synthetic
turkist n m. history Turkestan trakedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to strike (against),
tarkh m. history quiver knock oneself (against), bump (against) 2 to grow, sprout
1 tarkal m. plural Tarkalani (tribe) 2 tarkalnj m. trki-vrki scattered, thrown about, dispersed
Tarkalani (tribesman) turkij f. Turkey
tr kla tr kla pori until what time, until when, targ m. perforation of the bladder (in cattle)
how long trgmj f. Eastern It was
turkm n m. [plural: turkmn n Arabic plural: pitch dark.
tarkim] Turkmen trl slndi subordinated, subordinate, subject to
turkm na f. Turkmen (female) trlslndiv laj m. subordination
turkmn 1 Turkmen Turkmen (language) 2 f. tr l ndi 1 adverb underneath to put under
Turkmen (language) something, shove under slip your hand under
turkmn m. to crawl under something, stand under 2 under
turkmanist n m. Turkmenistan something
turkmna f. tarlghnaj m. veterinary foot-and-mouth disease
turkman 1 trl f. trl [plural: trl plural: trleg ni]
tr kma tr kma pori until what time, till when, cousin (female), daughter of an uncle on the father's side
how long children's speech to consider as a cousin; to call cousin
trk m. tradesman (one who has come to a village from the 2
trla Western with one another; from one another to
city) make peace with each other; to reconcile
trkopra 1 often, frequently 2 a lot, much proverb However dark the night, you can still
trakdaj m. plant tell the mother from the daughter. to be reconciled
1 trakavl transitive [past: ] 1 to strike, hit, knock idiom a to become angry Why did you get
2 to whip, lash angry? b to overdo it, try too hard (e.g., when treating someone)
trakavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 1
turm m. trumpet, horn; bugle
abandon, leave (behind) 2
turm m. [plural: turumna plural: turum n] 1
tr kma tr kma pori stallion 2 stud-horse, male (of species)
tarknaj Eastern diseased (of a plant) 3 trm m.
1 tarik f. tark Arabic inheritance, inherited property tarmz oblique of
2 turka f. 1 Turkish female 2 f. poetic beloved, sweetheart, trmj m. grapes of the last harvest
girlfriend tramb z m. ox closest to the center of the threshing floor
3 tark f. twig, shoot (of a tree) (during the threshing of grain)
trkh r m. trkh raj m. 1 tramping, clatter (of turumtj m. hawk or falcon used for hunting
hoof beats) 2 crack, cracking (sound) turumch m. trumpeter, horn-player, bugler
1
turki 1.1 Turkic 1.2 Turkish Turkish (language) proverb The trumpeter's business is only to blow.
1.3 gizzar (breed of sheep) 2 f. the Turkish language tr mkh tr mkha 1 postpositive in front of
to speak Turkish something, by something in front of the house, by the
2
trkj dark-complexioned house 2 earlier, already
3
trakj f. soured milk trmla f. rice water, water in which rice was washed
185
tr mndz tr mndza 2 trandzj f. stream of water

trmna f. 1 moist arable soil 2 swamp; swampy hollow, pool trandzedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to grow
(in a bog) thin, wither away
tarmz m. thermos, thermos flask trnd
trma f. 1 sediment 2 clay; dirt 3 4 crack, cracking trand ra f. aunt (on the father's side)
tarm exclamation cry shouted by shepherds when driving trndtb m. trndtj f.
sheep trndi plural of 1
tr mj ndz tranj f. 1 attack, assault 2 influx of guests 3 cry, shout
tarm-tarm tarm-tarm Eastern 1 scattered, tranz
dispersed 2 fragmented, broken up, disrupted a to tranzka f. snapping the fingers
scatter b to break up a to be scattered b to be tranzkj
broken up tranzavl transitive
tarmiz trmiz history of Termez (city) 1 tranzj m. 1
tarmir f. watercress, Nasturtium officinale 2 tranzj f. 2
` tarmm m. Arabic [plural: tarmimna Arabic tranzedl intransitive
plural: tarmim t] 1 repair auto 1 tarnk m. 1 rage, anger, wrath 2 figurative the appetite of
repair shops 2 recuperation; strengthening, fortification (of the a wolf
organism); correction (in a law, etc.) compound verb 2 tarnk m. Tarnak (River)
compound verb tranktsa f.
tarmimkr f. repair works trnk angry, raging
tarmimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1 trng m. 1 strumming, playing (on the rabab) 2 knock,
repair, fix 2 to revive (health); fortify (the organism) 3 to knocking; crack, cracking (noise)
introduce a correction, introduce an amendment (into a law, etc.) 2
trang m. 1 diminutive (little) hour 2 striking (a gong);
tarmimedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to striking (of a clock)
be repaired, be fixed 2 to be revived (of health); be fortified (of 3
trang with a hanging (drooping) spike (of grains ready for
the organism) 3 to be corrected, be modified, be amended (of a harvest) to ripen
law, etc.) 4 trang m. area for games
tr mjndz tr mjndza postpositive 1 between 2 trng f.
across in a day turungch m.
tarminal airport terminal trang m. string bag for carrying hay or straw
tarn v m. 1 chute, gutter (for drainage of water) 2 aqueduct 3 tringlaj m. 1
channel, groove, trough 4 technology water cooling tower 5 pass trang m.
between mountains trng m.
1 tarndzh m. singular & plural camel's thorn trangtsa f. sling (as a weapon)
2 turndzh m. botany citron, citrus medica trngavl transitive [past: ] 1 to play (on the
3 turndzh 1 wrinkled, creased; folded 2 tough, coarse rabab) 2 to knock; produce a crackling sound
tarandzhubn m. singular & plural manna, sugary juice on trang f. smooth and level board
the camel's thorn trngah r m. trngj m. 1 strumming, sounding, the
trandzhukj f. skein of silk, skein of yarn sound (of a rabab) 2 tapping; crackling
trandzh f. sharp stone (used by shepherds instead of a knife trangedl intransitive [past: ] to jingle, sound (of a
when slaughtering sheep) rabab)
trandzhj f. trna dialect 5
trandz 1 thin, gaunt 2 stunted, poor (of crops) trnik m. great-great-grandfather
trandzkj skinny, thin tarj m. regional customs (duty)
trandzavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tro 1 hence, therefore 2 then, thereupon
torture, exhaust, dry up turv laj m. sourness, acidity; acid
trndza 1 feminine singular of 2 f. darkness, gloom trobj m. vinegar
(during an eclipse) trup combining form with 1
1
trandzj m. emaciated person
186
tarutzag f. 1 freshness, newness 2 figurative liveliness, trohavl transitive [past: ] 1 to spend

gaiety economically, spend frugally; be stingy 2 to steal, appropriate
tarutz 1 very fresh 2 figurative lively, cheerful another's possession
a to freshen b to come to life, revive, become cheerful trohedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be spent
Shadi revived, Shadi grew cheerful economically, be spent frugally 2 to be appropriated
tro m. loss, injury to incur a loss trvka f. turvkaj m. trvkaj m. botany sorrel
to be detrimental for someone kind of sorrel with tubers
tromn detrimental, unprofitable trogj m. botany spurge, euphorbia
tro 1 f. loss, injury I incur a loss on travl transitive
this to incur a loss 2 attributive unprofitable 1 trm m. 1
unprofitable commodity compound verb to prove 2 trm m. 2
unprofitable trmaj m. sip of water
trchi dialect 1 turungz m. plural Turungzi (tribe) 2 turungzj m.
1 tror f. [plural: trndi plural: trnde plural: Turungzi (tribesman)
trorni] 1 aunt (on father's side) children's trna plural of 1
speech 1 children's speech to be considered an 1 trv turv 1 masculine plural of 2 m. plural .1
aunt, be called an aunt beh proverb there is something sour to the taste, sour (-tasting) stuff 2.2 ferment;
no friend like your mother 2 aunt, auntie (direct address) leaven to leaven dough
2
trr 1 confused; distracted, dismayed, perplexed 2 out-of- 2 trv turv 1 feminine singular of 2 f. vinegar
sorts, upset, disordered 1 tarvj m. 1 botany spurge, euphorbia 2 jalap (root)
3 terrr m. terror 2 trv f. turv 1 feminine plural of 2 f. plural
trurtb m. trurtj f.
trordzj m. Eastern 1 tarvt m. astrology
trordzj f. Eastern 2 1 tarvetj m. astrologist
1 trorzj m. cousin (son of an aunt on father's side) 2 tarvetj f. fortune-teller
2 trorzj f. cousin (daugther of an aunt on father's side) tarvdzh m. Arabic 1 spreading, dissemination; inculcation,
trorke f. auntie indoctrination; implanting 2 development
trorme m. uncle (husband of aunt on father's side) development of industry
trurv laj m. 1 confusion; dismay, perplexity 2 upset, tarvidzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
discomposure spread, disseminate, make available; inculcate, introduce, implant
troravl denominative, transitive [past: ]
1
2 to develop to develop industry
children's speech to consider as one's aunt; to call aunt trvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
truravl denominative, transitive [past:
2
] 1 to salty 2 to be sour; turn sour; turn (sour)
confuse 2 to upset, distress tarvr m. 1 deception, fraud 2 depression, sadness
1
trorj m. fox; vixen 1 tr m. [plural: trna] uncle (on father's side)
trorj f. tror f. [plural: trorj plural:
2
children's speech to consider as an uncle; be called uncle
trorj ni] auntie 2
tra f. 1 repulsion 2 fear a to have an
truredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to aversion for something b to fear, be afraid of something idiom
become confused, become flustered; get lost 2 to become upset, He can't sleep
become distressed tr f. mill-race
3
1
tro f. storm (when the whole sky is covered with dark rain 4 tar f. musk melon
clouds) 5 tr f. body (of a person, animal)
2 tra f. golden thread (for women's shoes, slippers) 6 tra suffix
taroj f. fox tarh f. trah 1 fright, fear 2 fearfulness, timorousness
trogm j f. trogm
j dark and moonless night; darkness to be afraid, take fright
idiom the power of darkness tirh v m. Eastern one-third, a third
trska and here trap f. rag; waste
trush word paired with taratezk m.
turshi dialect salty water
187
tarakhl 1 m. plural Tarakheli (tribe) 2 m. Tarakheli stern 4 figurative heavy, difficult, bitter
(tribesman) Life is hard for him. 5 figurative bitter, unpleasant (of words) 6
tarhar f. hot-headed, temperamental to speak the bitter truth
tarha f. dangerous moment idiom difficulties of the time a
tr hagh tr hagh pori tr hagh tso to suffer a little; to master something
tr hagh tr hagh pore That distressed us terribly.
tarki m. plural Taraki (a subdivision of the Gilzaj) trikhbkhn 1 somewhat bitter 2 somewhat salty
trhagrj zd counter terrorism trikhtb m.

trhnd 1 fearful, timorous 2 restive (of animals, esp. horses) trikh torj f. kind of vine
trhndtb m. trhndtj f. trhndv laj trikhtj f. trikhv laj m. 1 bitter taste, bitterness 2
brackishness, saltiness (of water) 3 figurative strictness, sterness
m. 1 timidity, timorousness; fearfulness 2 restiveness (of an
4 figurative bitterness (of words) 5 figurative distress, grief 6
animal)
figurative tiff, disagreement
1
trhr 2
trhurtj f. trhur f. 1 uneasiness, unrest;

trikhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
make bitter 2 figurative to spoil (a mood); poison (one's pleasure,
commotion, confusion 2 fright, alarm
trhavl trahavl transitive [past: ] to frighten;
one's life) idiom to try still harder
scare away
trkhaj m. 1 bile, gall 2 malice to feel malice
trha f. 1 fear, fright 2 fearfulness, timorousness 3

toward someone, be inclined against someone 2 idiom
uneasiness, anxiety, alarm a to
to inspire terror in an enemy to
be decent, be honorable
be afraid b to be uneasy, be alarmed
trhedl trahedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be afraid,
trikhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
become bitter; have a bitter taste 2 figurative to be spoiled (of a
take fright 2 to be uneasy, be alarmed
mood); be poisoned (one's pleasure, one's life)
trhed m. trahed plural 1 fear, fright 2 uneasiness,
anxiety, alarm
tredl intransitive
1
tar m. plural Eastern granulated sugar
1 tria f. 1 scorching of earth from intense heat 2 1
2
tar f. 1 water (as contrasted to the dry land) 2 waterway 3
2 tra f. history transport and equipment of an army
moisture
triz m. botany chicory
3 traj m. 4 triga f. flat cake fried in oil
4 traj m. water from the mountains for irrigation tarl f. regional tray
5 tre Eastern 1 adverb from him, from her, from them tre l nde Eastern
Take your book from him. He trelr m. trailer
went away from them. 2 out of it, out of them 3 across it, across
trelj m. pool, reservoir
them; through it, through them
1 tarn 1 m. plural Tarini (tribe) branches
of the Tarini 2 m. Tarin (tribesman)
6
tarj f. stilling pit of a mill
7
trj f. tarj 1 gorge, ravine 2 road along a precipice 3
2 tren m. train electric train
stream between mountains
tarjn k wild, unbridled
8 tarj secretly, on the sly to speak in secret trend ra f.
tarj k m. plural 1 opium preparation (used against snakebite) tring m. music triangle (the instrument)
2 opium
1 tringlaj m. 1 moody person, morose person 2
dissatisfied person Don't stand in front of
tarjki m. opium smoker
me with a sour look on your face.
tripol f. Tripoli (city)
trt m. soaked oil-cakes (feed for cattle) 2 tringlj f. finger snap to the forehead
tarj-tam disappeared, vanished, lost trna dialect 5 He couldn't stand it.
His patience wore thin.
to vanish, disappear, be lost ! Get lost! The devil
take you!
triv
trv f. turv f. m. [plural: trv plural: turv
Eastern plural: trv f. plural: trv plural: turv] 1
trikh trkh m. [plural: trkh f. plural:
trkh] 1 bitter (to the taste) 2 salty, brackish (of water)
sour (to the taste) 2 salty, brackish (of water, soup) a
sea a sea water b the sea 3 figurative strict,
salt water b sea water 2
to look at someone with a dissatisfied expression
188
tarjv laj m. secrecy tapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to wave, cause to

trivbkhn trivbakhvnd 1 somewhat sour; acidic flutter 2 to strike 3 to force to jump, force to gallop 4 to throw
2 somewhat salty, brackish (of water) upward 5 figurative to disturb
triv tandj m. 1 dissatisfied expression, sour expression 2 taph r m. 1 hoof beats (of an animal) 2 knocking, noise
gloomy expression, sullen expression triv tand sullenly tapedl intransitive [past: ]1 to sway, flutter, flap 2
a with a dissatisfied expression, with a sour expression b sullenly to strike (against), hit 3 to jump, gallop 4 to be thrown, be tossed
a to be dissatisfied b to be sullen 5 figurative to be anxious, show impatience
trivtb m. trivtj f. taturj
trivkhvgaj m. sweet-and-sour drink, syrup (made from tatk m. impatience
water, honey, vinegar and lemon) tazhbaj stammering, stuttering
trivkhvndaj tas onomatopoeia crack
trevj m. cucumber 1 ta m. 1 2
trivkj m. marinade; pickles 2 ta m. regional heat, heat of day
trivmkhaj sullen, morose; dissatisfied 1 tak 1 onomatopoeia bang 2 m. .1 knock; crack 2.2 clap,
trivn k 1 slightly sour 2 slightly salty bang a banging, slapping, clapping b cracking
trivnglaj m. trivnglaj (sound); crackling a to knock b to clap 3 blow
trivv laj m. 1 sourness, acidity; acid to strike 4 clicking (with the tongue)
This lemon is unbelievably sour. 2 chemistry acidity 2 tak m.
trivvzma tak f. tak r m. taktk m. 1 2
trivavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to make 1 tka f. 1 lightning 2
sour; 2 pickle, ferment idiom to take on a dissatisfied 2 tuk f. heated oil
expression; to become angry; gaze angrily takh r m.
trivedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to become tal transitive [past: ] 1 to connect, tie, bind 2 to
sour; sour, turn sour figurative to become apathetic fasten, secure; reinforce Tie the horse to the
trj cry used when driving sheep tree. 3 to harness to harness a horse to a cart
1 ta m. 1 conclusion (of a treaty, of an alliance) 2 agreement, 4 to combine, unite; knock over, knock down to
treaty, alliance 3 condition 4 knot (in thread, rope, etc.) 5 dam knock down boards 5 to put on (a veil) 6 to fill in, close up (a
6 refuge, sanctuary 7 hole, etc.) 7 to build (a bridge, a dam) 8 to close, shut 9 to
2 ta m. large rock obstruct (a roadway); to close off (movement, traffic) 10 to close
taz f. 1 down (a plant, institution, etc.) 11 to conclude (a treaty, contract,
tk 2 agreement) to make a bet
tj f. Eastern band or bandage on the thigh to tie He made a bet with me and lost. 12 to fix, set, appoint (a time,
the thighs with a band or bandage etc.) 13 to call, convene to call a session 14 to ascribe
1
ta k m. 1 row, column; string (e.g., of horses), series 2 to ascribe another's services to oneself
side 15 to dedicate to dedicate to someone
2 tk onomatopoeia bang (sound of firearms) to join someone, associate (oneself) with someone
tagj f. passive a to be harnessed b to be closed, be shut c to be
t nga f. 1 strip (of fabric, leather, etc.) 2 piece, small piece; concluded
slice 3 patch of land 4 talaj 1 past particle from 2.1 closed the
t nga-t nga tngi-tngi 1 torn into door was closed 2.2 dependent, depending (on someone,
strips or pieces (fabric, leather, etc.) 2 cut into pieces or slices something) My departure
a to tear into strips or pieces b to cut into pieces; depends upons his arrival. 3 obligated, obliged 4 of one piece,
slice, cut up a to be torn into strips or pieces b integral, solid
to be cut into pieces; be sliced, cut up talk m. agreement, contract
t v m. 1 string for measuring land 2 relationship, connection 1 tam tm 1 warm warm weather 2 hot, burning (of
tabkha f. tabukhj m. stuffiness, stale air; heat tears)
Today it's stifling. 2 tam first person present of
tap 1 onomatopoeia bang, boom 2 m. .1 muffled blow, tumb f. 2
muffled knocking 2.2 haste; impatience tamtb m. tamtj f. tamv laj m. tepidness
189
tamavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to heat up; tazkij f. Arabic purification, cleansing, cleaning; to
to make warm, warm clean, cleanse, purify
tamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to warm tazalzl m. Arabic oscillation, wavering (literally and
up, be heated 2 to be warm figuratively); instability to shake the will
1 tang m. unassailable cliff tuzn
2 tng 1 tuznedl intransitive [past: ]to be upset, be distressed,
tang f. tangah r m. grieve
tana f. 1 binding, linking 2 reinforcement 3 harnessing 4 tazavvdzh m. Arabic marriage to enter into
joint, connection, compound 5 filling in, covering up (a hole, etc.) matrimony, get married
6 closing (of some institution) 7 conclusion (of a contract or tazvdzh m. Arabic marriage, matrimony; giving (someone) in
agreement) 8 convocation (of something) idiom marriage
to nourish affection toward someone tazvr m. Arabic 1 deceit, forgery 2 dissembling, pretense,
taubj m. pump hypocrisy, falseness
tup onomatopoetic bang, smack tazvir feigned, hypocritical, false, insincere literal
tuk word paired with 1 2 to be camouflaged, be disguised
tumb f. plural warm buttermilk tzaj m. 1 centerpost of a tent 2 inflorescence of corn
1 tan m. 1 conclusion, ratification (of a treat, contract, tazjd m. [plural: tazjidna Arabic plural:
agreement) written formulation of a contract tazjid t] addition, supplement; increase, multiplication
2 contract, agreement to conclude a contract or to add, supplement; increase; multiply
agreement; reach an agreement 3 convening (of a legislature, etc.) tazjn m. Arabic ornament, decoration compound
4 connection, interconnection; relationship verb to decorate compound verb to be decorated; adorn
to connect your life with someone 5 measure (action to be taken) oneself
6 knot (thread, string) 7 string 8 dedication (book) tazjin Arabic decorative decorative plants idiom
2 tan m. computer science protocol decorations
tanaj m. 1 band; bandage 2 strips of bast tagl m. dialect outfitting, equipment, supplies
1 ta f. path; way, road ! Go home! Get out of tgm m. smell, foul odor
here! Go away! idiom a to walk about looking

tagmdzh
n smelly, foul-smelling
important b to make a show of bravery
tgaj 1 tormented by thirst I'm thirsty.
He wanted both to eat and to drink. to cause thirst 2
2
ta f. 1 promise; obligation to make conditional
thirsting (for something) striving (toward something) a
(upon); cause, bring about 2 intention
to thirst, be thirsty, be tormented by thirst b to thirst for, desire
3
ta f. 1 rock, cliff 2 rocky place 3 watershed 4 steep
hillock
(something), strive (toward something) He very
ta imperfective imperative of
4 much wants to learn. idiom
1 taj m. stammerer, slutterer to deceive, dupe, swindle; twist around one's finger
2 ta present tense of tgajv
laj m. thirst
3 taj present tense, second person plural of ts 1 1 2 thrown, tossed, strewn to throw, toss
1
tski f. plural experiences (esp. those endured, suffered to be thrown, be tossed

through); difficulties
2 ts m. exclamation cry used for getting a camel to rise up
tism r m. intense heat, sultriness tasmh m. Arabic condescension, indulgence, leniency;
softness
tka f. 1 uneasiness, anxiety 2 pain
tzr m. czar, tsar tasnd m. Arabic solidarity
tzr adjective czar, tsar tasv f. Arabic equality, equal amount (e.g., an equal
number of votes)
tazjd m. Arabic 1 growth, increase, increment,
augmentation 2 development a to grow, increase,
tasbk sticking out, sticking up
multiply b to develop, be developed
tasb f.
tazr m. Arabic medicine injection; infusion tasb f. tasbh [plural: tasbh] Arabic 1 religion
praise of God 2 rosary, prayer beads, tasbih
compound verb to make an injection; make an infusion
tasp f. rosary bead; prayer beads to recite
a prayer going through a rosary (prayer beads)
190
taskhr m. Arabic conquest; subjugation; mastery taslimed m. plural 1 surrender, capitulation 2 handing
conquest of space compound verb to conquer; over, passing along 3 reception, receipt (of goods)
subdue; master compound verb to be conquered; be tasm f. 1 leather strip 2 belt
subjugated tasmaghvr m. wax for boots
taskhn m. 1 warming, heating 2 heating tasmij f. Arabic name, designation compound
central heating a to warm, heat (up) b to heat verb to name, call
tusr m. tussah silk tasns tas-u-ns to eat (food)
tasr f. Arabic acceleration, speeding up tasvd m. Arabic sketch; draft (of an executive decision, etc.)
tast f. tasth Arabic smoothing out, leveling compound verb
tas'r m. Arabic 1 economics conversion tasvidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
conversion of a loan 2 evaluation 3 finance course, rate of make a sketch; compile the draft (of an executive decision, etc.)
exchange tasvij f. Arabic 1 leveling; smoothing out; tamping down,
taskar f. sedan (chair); litter; stretcher flattening 2 regulating, arranging; resolution (of a question) 3
taskarach m. hospital attendant, medical orderly repayment (of a debt) compound verb a to level,
tskra f. 1 curved shovel, crooked shovel to equalize; smooth over; tamp down, flatten b to regulate, arrange;
dig 2 dialect wedge axe, wood cleaver resolve (a question) c to pay back (a debt)
taskn m. Arabic 1 calming, reassuring tashl m. Arabic 1 facilitation, advantage 2 [plural:
compound verb to calm, reassure tashil t] advantageous, favorable conditions a to
compound verb to become calm, calm down facilitate, grant advantages b to create favorable conditions
to act reassuringly 2 linguistics marking a "sokun" 1 tsh 1.1 empty; hollow empty jug or pitcher
tasalsl m. Arabic 1 sequence; consecutiveness saying an idle hand you're my enemy 1.2
a chain of events to interrupt unloaded proverb an unloaded
someone's speech The conversation was weapon is twice feared (both by the owner and by his enemy) 1.3
deteriorating. to continue speaking 2 series 3 blank (of a cartridge) 1.4 deprived (of something), free (from
numbering of pages, pagination something) an unselfish friend 1.5
tasallt m. Arabic 1 dominion, sway 2 force (e.g., of a law) empty, pointless empty words, pointless words
natural change to speak empty or pointless words; jabber nonsense
tasall f. taslijt m. Arabic consolation, reassurance to deceive with empty promises 2 only; just,
to console, calm, reassure someone hardly 3 military Unload! (a command) idiom Saturday
But that did not reassure me. a false, self-styled so-called; fictitious; nominal
tasallibkhsh 1 consoling, reassuring 2 satisfactory 2 tash m.
taslh m. Arabic arms; arming to arm, equip with tashkl m. Arabic similarity, resemblance
weapons tshb aj m. unarmed person
tasliht relating to arms, armament tashabbs m. Arabic [plural: tashabbusna Arabic
taslkh m. Arabic slaughter (of cattle) compound plural: tashabbus t] 1 initiative, beginning 2 trying,
verb to slaughter (cattle) endeavor, zeal, diligence 3 attempt 4 address (to someone)
taslm m. Arabic 1 surrender, capitulation a to begin b to try, show zeal c to make an attempt d to
unconditional surrender 2 submissiveness, obedience 3 handing adress (someone)
over, passing 4 delivery (of some goods) 5 [plural: tashbh m. Arabic [plural: tashbihna Arabic
taslim t] greeting 6 recognition, acknowledgment plural: tashbih t] 1 comparison to compare; to
taslimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to liken to be similar 2 allegory; metaphor
hand (over), transmit, pass (along) ! Give up! 2 to tshp aj m.
deliver, turn over (an item) tasht m. basin; wash-tub (for laundering)
taslim f. 1 handing over, passing (along) 2 receiving, tashtp k m. toady, lickspittle
reception receipt for delivery of a letter tashattt m. Arabic 1 complication; mix-up
taslimedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to to mix up someone, confuse someone 2 complication,
surrender, capitulate 2 to be transmitted, be handed over 3 to be confusion (of an exposition) 3 absentmindedness
supplied, be delivered (of goods) tshtor 1 absolutely empty 2 devastated, laid waste
to devastate, ruin, lay waste 3 with empty hand,
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empty-handed to come back with nothing, come someone for something; express one's gratitude
back empty-handed to express one's gratitude to someone
tshtj f. emptiness; void tashakkurnm f. letter of gratitude
tashtin f. meat on the jawbone of a sheep or other animal tashakkl m. Arabic
tashdzh' f. & m. Arabic incentive; encouragement tashkl m. Arabic organization, foundation, creation,
to encourage someone, cheer up someone formation, arrangement chief of the administrative
tashkhn f. primer, igniter, detonator department land-tenure regulations
tashakhkhs m. Arabic 1 importance 2 distinction, administrative division to be
peculiarity, characteristic 3 determination, establishment formed, consist of something to compile,
tashkhs m. Arabic 1 recognition; identification 2 make, constitute something
establishment, determination 3 diagnosis tashkilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
diagnostics organize, found, create; form to form a cabinet
tashkhisavl denominative, transitive [past: ] tashkiledl 1 [past: ] .1 to be organized, be
1 to recognize; identify; get to know 2 to determine, establish 3 founded, be created, be formed; form to be created,
to make a diagnosis be organized anew, be reorganized 1.2 to consist of something, be
tashkhis 1 diagnostic 2 distinctive made up of something 2 m. plural
distinctive features tshl saj 1 poor, indigent, penniless 2 with empty hands,
tashkhisedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] empty-handed, with nothing
to be established, be determined tshmghza hollow
tashaddd m. Arabic 1 strengthening; aggravation tashml m. Arabic enclosing, enveloping, taking in; scope,
the illness was aggravated 2 cruel treatment; force range
to resort to force tashn b m. tashn v m. washroom; wash basin
tashdd m. Arabic 1 strengthening; aggravation 2 grammar tashanndzh m. Arabic spasm; convulsion
doubling a consonant by using the tashdid tashng m. medicine dropsy
tashr f. tashrh m. Arabic [plural: tashrih t] 1 tshv laj m. 1 emptiness, void 2 anatomy cavity
description; explanation, commentary to give an tashavvsh m. Arabic 1 confusion; commotion 2 disorder,
explanation, provide clarification; describe in detail 2 analysis 3 upset medicine functional disorders
dissection; post-mortem 4 anatomy anatomy idiom nervous disorder, nervous shock
conventional sign, symbol tshavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to empty
tashrihavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 (out), free 2 to unload 3 to discharge (a firearm) 4 to pump out
to describe; explain, clarify, comment upon 2 to analyze, figure (e.g., air) 5 to deprive of something, leave without something
out 3 to dissect idiom a to become angry b to lay bare one's heart
tashrih 1 anatomical 2 analytical analytical teshavna f. action noun from
linguistics 3 explanatory tashvsh m. Arabic unrest, agitation, alarm
tashrihedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 That causes no alarm.
to be described; to be explained; be commented upon 2 to tashv m. Arabic encouragement, incentive; assistance, help
undergo analysis 3 to be dissected to encourage, urge (on); render assistance to
tashr' f. Arabic legislation; issuance of laws someone
tashri' Arabic legislative legislative authority tashviavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tashrf m. Arabic 1 to do an honor 2 polite visit; arrival encourage, urge on
to pay a visit, deign to come tsha f. 1 air, atmosphere 2 physics vacuum, void
to deign to attend, be present; honor by one's presence 3 polite tashhr m. Arabic 1 publication, promulgation, proclamation
departure, leavetaking to deign to leave, depart 2 history form of punishment where the criminal was put on
tashrif t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 ceremonial, display at a pillory or astride a donkey a to publish,
ceremony; formalities 3 protocol section promulgate, proclaim b history to put into a pillory or seat on a
protocol department donkey (as a punishment for crime) to be put into a
tushkrl transitive pillory or seated on a donkey
tashakkr m. Arabic gratitude, expression of gratitude tshaj m. 1 side; iliac region 2 groin 3 empty place, free
with deep gratitude to thank place 4 physics vacuum, void
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tshedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be

1
tash f. tashh Arabic correction; correcting
emptied, be freed, become empty regional compound verb to correct, put right; make corrections, read
The train emptied out. 2 to be unloaded (of cargo) 3 to be proofs, correct proofs compound verb to improve,
unloaded (of firearms) 4 to be pumped out (e.g., of air) 5 to be reform; be corrected idiom to level a road,
deprived of something, be left without something straighten a road
all his teeth fell out 6 to be worthless, be useless tasdr m. Arabic export
tshedna f. action noun from tasdk m. Arabic 1 confirmation; affirmation 2 ratification
tht present tense stem of 3 attestation, certificate compound verb a to confirm;
thtn m. affirm; to certify b to ratify compound verb a to be
thtnd unsociable, introverted, withdrawn confirmed; be affirmed; be certified b to be ratified
unsociable person, introverted person; lone wolf, loner tasdkn Arabic to witness, certify (a
1
thtavl transitive [past: ] 1 to drive off, steal document)
(cattle) to steal a horse 2 Eastern to steal, abduct, tasdinm f. 1 testimonial or certificate given upon
hijack 3 to put to flight 4 to abduct, kidnap, carry off (a girl, completion of studies at an institute or school
another man's wife) 5 to be engaged in smuggling, be engaged in certificate 2 ratification document 3 witness, testimonial;
the movement of contraband document; certificate insurance policy
thtavna f. action noun from contraband tasarrf m. Arabic [plural: tasarrufna Arabic
(goods) plural: tasarruf t] 1 ownership, possession; use of
tht present tense of something under someone's authority; at
thtedl intransitive [present: past: ]1 to run; someone's disposal 2 seizure to
to run away, make off to save oneself by flight seize something, possess something; get hold of something
run for all you're worth 2 to desert 3 to shirk (work, compound verb to seize, take
studies); to avoid idiom Let's sit possession of a to turn out to be under
by the fire to warm ourselves. His lips someone's authority b to be seized by someone
grew pale. tasarrufavl transitive [past: ] 1 to possess,
thtedlaj 1 past participle from 2 m. deserter own; use something 2 to seize, take possession of
thted m. plural action noun from tasr f. tasrh Arabic explanation; clear, precise instruction;
thl intransitive clarification, amplification compound verb to be
thavl transitive explained, be cleared up; be clarified, be made precise (of a
tashb m. Arabic possession, ownership; mastery, seizure; deadline, etc.)
taking possession (of property, etc.) compound verb to tasrf m. Arabic grammar 1 inflection 2 declension 3
take possession of, master; acquire as your own property conjugation
tasdf m. Arabic 1 meeting 2 incident, chance tasrif Arabic grammar morphological; relating to inflection
(happening), coincidence compound verb a to meet b morphological distinctions
to find, discover by chance compound verb 2 a to tasghr m. Arabic diminution, lessening, decrement
meet with b to be found by chance c to coincide sm-i grammar diminutive
tasdfn Arabic by chance, unexpectedly, accidentally tasfij f. Arabic 1 clarification 2 solution, resolution (of a
tasduf Arabic chance, unexpected, accidental, problem, question) 3 liquidation, removal (e.g., of disagreement)
unintentional by chance, unexpectedly, abolition commission 4 cleaning, cleansing;
accidentally idiom encounter battle purification; filtration; refining petroleum distillation
tasdm m. [plural: tasdumna Arabic plural: 5 payment (e.g., of a share) 6 politics purge
tasdum t] 1 clash collision, accident 2 compound verb a to clarify b to resolve (a question, problem) c
skirmish, encounter aerial encounter a to to liquidate; remove (e.g., disagreement) d to pay (e.g., a share) e
collide, run against, run into b to take place (of an encounter, to clean, filter, refine f to concentrate (ore) g politics to carry out
skirmish) a purge compound verb a to be clarified b to be
m. Arabic math progression geometric resolved (a question, problem) c to be liquidated, be removed
progression (e.g., disagreement) d to be paid (e.g., a share) e to be cleaned,
tasnf m. Arabic plural from be filtered, be refined f to be enriched, be concentrated (e.g., of
tasvb m. Arabic plural from ore) g politics to pass through a purge
193
tasfijakhn f. petroleum refining plant tazmn m. Arabic 1 guaranteeing; guarantee

tasmm m. Arabic [plural: tasmimna Arabic to guarantee something 2 use of a quote from the work of one
plural: tasmim t] decision to poet to another when writing verse
make a decision tazminavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tasmimnm f. resolution; decree guarantee; vouch for; ensure
tasann' f. Arabic pretense; affectation, artificiality tazminedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
tasanno' feigned; affected, artificial insincere be guaranteed; be assured
feelings tazj m. Arabic 1 squeezing; pressing (upon) 2 physics
tasnf m. Arabic [plural: tasnifna Arabic plural: pressure 3 oppression 4 limitation
tasnf plural: tasnif t] 1 compliation, tatbk m. Arabic correspondence, similarity, likeness;
composition, writing (of books) 2 composition, work 3 coincidence to adapt to one's environment
distribution 4 biology classification tatbk m. Arabic [plural: tatbina Arabic plural:
tasavvr m. Arabic [plural: tasavurna Arabic tatbi t] 1 observation of something 2 application, use 3
plural: tasavvur t] 1 imagination; representation; realization, fulfillment a applicable b realizable,
supposition 2 idea compound verb fulfillable 4 practice 5 adaptation 6 collation, comparison
compound verb tatbi t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 applied studies;
tassavvuravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to practical training 3 military exercise
imagine; suppose, presuppose tatbiavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tasavvur Arabic 1 imagined, imaginary 2 philosophy observe something 2 to apply, use 3 to realize, fulfill 4 to
subjective practice 5 to adapt to adapt oneself 6 to coordinate,
tasavvurijt m. regional imagination bring into correspondence
idealism tatbik Arabic 1 applied; practical 2 comparative
tasavvuredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be applied,
be proposed, be intended; be represented ... it is be used 2 to be realized, be carried out, be fulfilled
proposed that to be realized; be applied in actuality 3 to be
tasavvf m. Arabic religion 1 Sufism 2 mysticism practiced; practice, have practice (in) 4 to be observed 5 to be
tasvb m. Arabic [plural: tasvibna Arabic plural: coordinate, be brought into correspondence 6 to be collated, be
tasvib t plural: tasvb] 1 approval, acceptance, compared
sanction 2 decree, resolution compound verb a to tatarrf m. Arabic 1 excess 2 extreme
approve, accept, sanction b to decree, make a resolution tatm' f. Arabic inducement, prompting; encouragement,
compound verb a to be approved, be accepted, be sanctioned incentive
b to be decreed tatavvr m. Arabic [plural: tatavvurna Arabic
tasvibnm f. decision (regarding confirmation of a plural: tatavvur t] 1 change, transformation, conversion
government proposal); decision (of legislative body) to change, undergo a change to
tasvr m. Arabic 1 description, representation 2 picture, change, alter (something) 2 improvement, change (for the better)
portrait compound verb to tatvl m. Arabic 1 lengthening, elongation 2 tightening
paint landscapes delay, procrastination
tasvirvl m. artist; portrait painter tazhr Arabic [plural: tazhurna Arabic plural:
tasviravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tazhur t] 1 manifestation, disclosure to be
describe, represent 2 to draw revealed, be disclosed 2 showing, demonstration for
taz d m. Arabic 1 opposition; contrast 2 contradiction, show, ostentatious to be puffed up
antagonism 3 literary antithesis, contrast 4 philosophy about one's knowledge
antithesis ta'dl m. Arabic 1 equilibrium to preserve an
tazmn m. Arabic 1 reciprocity 2 collective responsibility; equilibrium 2 balance, proportion; conformity 3 balance (sheet)
collective guarantee; solidarity balance of trade 4 figurative moderation, restraint
tazmuniv laj m. 2 ta'rz m. Arabic contradiction; counteraction, opposition
tazarr' f. Arabic 1 entreating; humble supplication 2 to contradict, act counter to something
humility, meekness ta'rf m. Arabic 1 treat, regalement to treat
someone, regale someone 2 exchange of courtesies 3 custom 4
194
acquaintance acquaintance by correspondence out (a line, road, etc.) 3 regulation; adjustment

Are you acquainted with him? compound verb
to acquaint with someone to present someone, acquaint, ta'dilnm f. amendment (to a law, etc.)
introduce someone ta'dilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ta' t f. Arabic exchange exchange of correct; improve 2 to straighten (a line, a road, etc.) 3 to
opinions mutual assistance regulate; adjust
ta'b m. Arabic 1 following one another 2 succession, ta'azb m. Arabic 1 torture, suffering 2 punishment
sequence 3 replacement, alternation, interchange ta'azibavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
1
ta'l f. Arabic 1 eminence, elevation, raising 2 high torture
praise, extolment ta'azibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2 ta'l Arabic religion Most High (epithet for God) tortured, suffer
ta'ml m. Arabic 1 interaction 2 chemistry reaction ta'arrz m. [plural: ta'arruzna plural Arabic
chemical reaction 3 reaction to react 4 plural: ta'arruz t] attack; offensive
custom customary law, adat law to attack someone, move against someone to go
ta'vn m. Arabic 1 mutual assistance 2 interconnection, on the attack, cross over to the offensive
interdependence 3 cooperation ta'arruz Arabic 1 adjective offensive, attack
ta'vun Arabic cooperative to cooperate offensive battle 2 aggressive (of a pact, etc.)
ta'abbd m. Arabic 1 slavery, imprisonment 2 religion f. Arabic 1 tariff 2 time-table, schedule 3 list
asceticism ta'rf m. Arabic [plural: ta'rifna Arabic plural:
ta'br m. Arabic [plural: ta'burna Arabic plural: ta'rif t] 1 description; definition; characteristics 2
ta'bir t] 1 expression, turn of speech incorrect eulogy; praise; honorable mention to praise
expression 2 explanation, interpretation 3 description, someone compound verb
representation expressiveness compound verb compound verb
compound verb 4 term ta'rifnm f. military instructions, manual
ta'biravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ta'rifavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
explain, interpret 2 to describe, represent 3 to formulate describe; determine; characterize 2 to praise, eulogize
ta'bir phraseological phraseology ta'rifedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
ta'abiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be desecribed; to be defined; to be characterized 2 to be praised
be explained 2 to be described, be represented ta'z m. ta'zz Taizz (city, south Yemen)
to be named, be designated, be called ta'zijt m. Arabic 1 sympathy, condolence letter
ta'bijav Arabic military tactical tactical with an expression of sympathy 2 mourning
maneuvers ta'zijatnm f. letter with an expression of sympathy
ta'bij f. Arabic military tactics ta'zr m. Arabic 1 punishment (not provided by the sharia, but
ta'bijad n military tactician determined by the judge) 2 punishment (of a criminal)
ta'adzhdzhb m. Arabic astonishment, amazement ta'ziravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
to be astonished, be amazed ... Here's impose a punishment (not provided in the sharia, but determined
what's amazing to be astonished, be amazed by the judge himself) 2 to punish (a criminal)
to amaze, astonish ta'zir not provided for by the sharia but determined by the
ta'adzhdzhbvr ta'adzhdzhubn k amazing, judge himself (of a punishment) punishment
astonishing (determined by the judge himself)
ta'dzhz m. Arabic causing unrest military ta'ziredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
harrassment undergo punishment (not provided by the sharia, but determined by
ta'd d m. Arabic number, quantity circulation of a the judge) 2 to be punished (of a criminal)
publication ta'zij f. Arabic 1 2 tazia (a Shiite mystery play)
ta'add f. Arabic 1 encroachment, infringement 2 violence; ta'assb m. Arabic 1 fanaticism 2 impatience 3 passion
oppression a to infringe, encroach (upon) b to commit (for something) 4 prejudice, bias
an act of violence; oppress ta'tl Arabic 1 m. .1 time of rest non-working
ta'dl Arabic [plural: ta'dilna Arabic plural: day, holiday 1.2 cessation, suspension (of work, etc.); break
ta'dil t] 1 correction; improvement 2 straightening, straightening official removal from a job for three years (as
195
a punishment) 1.3 closing (of an enterprise) compound ta'lil causal reason, justification
verb 2 predicate adjective .1 stopped, suspended (of ta'lm m. Arabic 1 teaching; learning to study,
work, etc.) 2.2 closed (of an enterprise) learn to teach 2 military drill training
no institutions were working, all institutions were closed ta'lim t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 preparation;
ta'tilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to training, schooling general preparation
cease, suspend (work, etc.); have a break, have a recess 2 to close higher education
(an enterprise) ta'limtnm f. instructions; manual; regulation
ta'zm m. Arabic greetings; rendering homage, doing honors ta'limt
military saluting They greeted ta'limkhn f. educational facility; study room, auditorium;
him respectfully. They paid him great honors. riding school
ta'affn m. Arabic decay, rot, putrefaction ta'limg f. ta'limg h regional institution of learning,
ta'al m. Arabic 1 reason 2 understanding, awareness educational institution
ta'aul reasonable, judicious, intelligent ta'limnm f. military regulations field
ta'b m. Arabic 1 following after someone manual
one after another to follow after someone, not to ta'lim Arabic 1 educational school year
lag behind someone, not to lose touch 2 pursuit, chase 3 training received; education received
realization, fulfillment (of hopes, aspirations) idiom educational aids military drill cartridges,
to share someone's fate official to rounds 2 instructive, didactic
confirm in writing ta'limjft 1 learned; educated
ta'ib t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 prosecution, educated in France 2 military senior soldier
being taken to court answering before the law ta'amm m. Arabic immersion (e.g., in thought);
instituting criminal proceedings (against) thoughtfulness thoughtfully
ta'ibavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ta'mr m. Arabic [plural: ta'mirna Arabic plural:
carry out, fulfill (a policy, a course, etc.) 2 to pursue someone, ta'mir t] 1 construction 2 building 3 figurative
follow (after) someone 3 to keep track of something creation, construction building a new life
to keep track of world events ta'mirt ta'mir 1 adjective building, construction
ta'ibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to the construction industry
be carried out, be put into effect (of a policy, course, etc.) 2 to be construction workers, builders 2 figurative creative, constructive
pursued 3 to be realized (of hopes, aspirations) ta'ml m. Arabic carrying out, fulfillment, realization
ta'd m. Arabic 1 entanglement, complexity, vagueness, compound verb compound verb
obscurity 2 tying of a knot
ta'm m. Arabic sterilization ta'milavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
ta'all m. Arabic [plural: ta'alluna Arabic plural: carry out, fulfill, realize
ta'allu t] 1 relation, connection diplomatic ta'miledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
relations to bear a enacted, be fulfilled, be realized
relationship to something to support relations with ta'mm m. Arabic dissemination, popularization; inculcation
someone 2 acquaintance 3 history taluk, taluka (administrative to be disseminated, be popularized; take root
region in India) compound verb to disseminate, popularize; inculcate
ta'allu t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 questions compound verb to be disseminated; take root
relating to a matter ta'vz m. Arabic amulet, talisman
ta'allm m. Arabic philosophy cognition ta'vz m. Arabic 1 substitution, replacement 2 recompense,
ta'l m. Arabic 1 hanging, suspending, fastening 2 compensation
postponement 3 talik (a style of writing) ta'vizavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ta'li f. Arabic 1 appendix (to a book, etc.) 2 note (in the subsitute, replace 2 to make up for, compensate
margins), marginalia ta'vizedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
ta'li 1 postponed, delayed 2 conditional (of a verdict or be changed, be replaced 2 to be compensated
sentence in court) 3 overhanging, impending ta'vk m. Arabic postponement, delay, procrastination
ta'll m. Arabic 1 clarification of a reason ta'ahhd m. Arabic 1 obligation 2 contract, agreement (for
to explain a reason 2 reference work, supply of something) a to obligate oneself, pledge
196
b to reach agreement (on work, supplies of something) c 2 taghr m. colloquial change, alteration
compound verb to make conditional (upon), cause, bring about taghiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
compound verb to be conditioned (by) change, alter 2 to replace
ta'ahhdn Arabic on an oath to promise on an oath taghir f. tagired m. plural 1 change, alteration 2
ta'ahhudnm f. written pledge, obligation in writing replacement, substitution
m. Arabic definition, determination; establishment, fixing; taghiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
appointment setting a price change, be changed m. 2 to be replaced
position finding taghjr m. Arabic
ta'ajjunavl denominative, transitive 1 taf m. steam
ta'jn m. Arabic determination; establishment; fixing, setting 2 tuf m. 1 spitting 2 spit, spittle
compound verb to tafr m. Arabic plural from
orient oneself to the terrain compound verb tafsr m. Arabic plural from
ta'jin t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 military one day's tufl f. oilcakes; concentrates (for cattle)
ration tafvt m. Arabic difference, distinction to differ,
denominative, transitive [past: ] to determine; to stand out
establish; to fix, set taftsh m. Arabic 1 audit; inspection audit
denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be defined, be commission 2 customs inspection; checking (of passports at a
established; be fixed, be set border)
1
tgh m. helmet tafahhs m. Arabic 1 interrogation, interview; search 2 test,
2
tgh m. 1 whistle (of a bullet) 2 crackling (of meat being trial
fried) tafahhus ti adjective test, trial
3 tugh m. 1 tafarr' f. Arabic 1 branching, forking 2 branch (of industry,
taghd f. etc.)
tagh r m. tafarru' t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 particulars;
tghrk m. medicine dropsy details
tghr m. person suffering from dropsy tafri f. Arabic 1 division, separation 2 disagreement; split,
tghdar f. zoology Chlamydotis undulata (large crane of the schism schismatic; separatist; sectarian
steppe) to create dissent
taghzij f. Arabic nourishment; feeding to tafr tafrh Arabic [plural: tafrig ni plural:
cause indigestion tafrihg ni] m. Arabic [plural: tarfih t] 1 distraction,
taghazzl m. Arabic lyric poetry; lyrics amusement, gaiety 2 leave, vacation official leave
taghazzul lyrical (of poetry) for rest 3 rest, vacation school interval, break idiom
tughlu history relating to the Tughluq Dynasty (of India) culture and rest park
taghm f. blow from a whip, blow from a stick tafrihg h m. resort
tghnd tafrih amusing, entertaining to write
tghndaj m. basin, bowl in an entertaining way
tghnavl transitive [past: ] to roast; burn, scorch tafrkh m. Arabic medicine incubation incubation
taghanni f. Arabic singing period
1 tghavl transitive [past: ] to roast badly tafrt m. Arabic carelessness, negligence from
2 tughavl transitive carelessness, from negligence
tughundj m. tafrk m. Arabic 1 distinction, difference 2 discrimination 3
1 taghajjr 1 m. Arabic .1 change; alteration math subtraction
philosophy qualitative changes philosophy tafriavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
quantative changes to introduce changes distinguish, tell the differnce (between) 2 to discriminate, practice
to change, be transformed discrimination 3 math to subtract
the situation has not materially changed tafri f. Arabic f. [plural: tafri m. Arabic plural:
to change, alter 1.2 dismissal (from a position) 1.3 tafr] interval, distance (between)
difference, distinction 2 predicate .1 changed, altered 2.2 tafsr m. Arabic [plural: tafsirna Arabic plural:
replaced tafsr plural: tafsir t] 1 explanation, commentary
197
to set forth one's own position 2 religion taz f. Arabic [plural: tazg ni m. Arabic
commentary on the Koran 3 description (of something) plural: taz] requirement; demand to require; to present
tafsiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to a demand, submit a demand to need something
explain, elucidate, provide commentary ta'd m. Arabic retirement with pension
tafsiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be tald m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 tradition; custom
explained; explain oneself; to be provided with commentary tabh f. Arabic condemnation, censure, criticism
tafsl m. Arabic [plural: tafsilna Arabic plural: tabihavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tafsil t] 1 detailed account detailed condemn, censure; discredit, defame; criticize
account of the speeches, detailed account of presentations taadds m. Arabic 1 holiness; piety 2 respect, reverence
to expound in detail, give a detailed account 2 detail taaddn Arabic 1 movement ahead, movement forward; an
in detail, exhaustively offensive 2 figurative progress a to move forward; to
tafsln tafsilv r Arabic in detail, thoroughly advance b figurative to develop
tafsil Arabic detailed, thorough in detail; 1
tadr m. Arabic evaluation to put a
thoroughly high value on something
tafzl m. Arabic 1 superiority 2 preference 3 grammar 2 tadr m. Arabic 1 proposition, hypothesis 2 condition
superlative (degree) on the condition that 3 fate, predestination
tafakkr m. Arabic 1 reflection, meditation; deliberation 2 tadrn Arabic in fact, actually
thoughtfulness, pensiveness 3 worry, concern 4 thought, thinking tadirnm f. certificate of progress and good conduct (in
a to reflect upon, think over b to fall into deep thought c school)
to worry about d to think tadiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tafkr m. Arabic deliberation, consideration; reflection, value, appreciate; render (someone) his due
meditation tadir fate, lot, predestination
tafkk m. Arabic 1 division, separation, fragmentation 2 tads m. Arabic sanctification, consecration; deification,
physics splitting, fission splitting the atom, worshipping
nuclear fission tadm m. Arabic 1 presentation, presenting; delivery,
tufng m. rifle handing (over) 2 present, tribute compound verb
tufangch f. revolver, pistol
tufangs z m. gunsmith tadimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tufangsz f. manufacture of hand guns, manufacture of present, give; hand over, deliver 2 to present with idiom
rifles to send one's respects to someone
tafannn m. Arabic 1 erudition, learning 2 study of the to send greetings
sciences with cognitive purposes 3 art, skill, ability tar m. astrakhan (fur)
tafavv m. Arabic 1 superiority taarrb m. Arabic approach, drawing near, closing in
to excel, stand above (someone), stand out (among others) to draw near, draw together idiom to lay
to gain ascendancy over someone 2 supremacy claim to something, have pretensions to something
military air supremacy taarrr m. Arabic 1 appointment official to
tafvz m. Arabic handing over, delivery, transmission be awarded an appointment to be appointed 2 function,
compound verb to hand over, transmit, deliver responsibility, appointment
tafahhm m. Arabic understanding, comprehension, grasp tarb m. Arabic 1 drawing near, approach 2 coming (e.g.,
tafhm Arabic 1 official information, notification 2 of a holiday) idiom on this account, in connection
explanation, elucidation; annotation with this
tabl m. Arabic 1 meeting, reception tabl 2 tabl tarbn Arabic approximately, about about
m. astronomy opposition 3 conflict (of views, interests) 10 years ago
tadm m. Arabic antiquity, olden times tarib Arabic approximate
tarb m. Arabic 1 rapprochement 2 poetry kind of a tarr m. Arabic [plural: tairna Arabic plural:
meter in verse tarr] 1 confession, declaration 2 announcement,
tarr m. Arabic plural from pronouncement; speech, word; public appearance, speech
introductory word freedom of speech a
to confess, declare b to speak out; to come forward with a speech,
198
make an announcement; appear to give someone become strong; be fortified; become firmer, be consolidated;
your word develop (e.g., of trade)
tarr kavnkaj m. orator tai Arabic pious, devout
tarz m. Arabic 1 review 2 criticism rubric, taajd m. 1 trying, diligence, industry; effort, endeavor 2
heading, section of criticism (in a newspaper or magazine) 3 worry, concern
praise taij f. Arabic piety, devoutness
tasm m. Arabic [plural: tasimna Arabic plural: 1
tak m. run, running, race to run; bustle, fuss
tasim t] 1 military .1 division; partition, section; 2
tak m. locust
distribution, allocation 1.2 math division 3
tk combining form with colors for intensification jet
solve the following problems using division 2 military black, black as tar very white, white as snow
deployment garrisoning; disposition 3 classification, classification blood red, scarlet
scientific idiom tasm-i order of the day 4 tak m. supposition
administrative division takp m. 1 bustle, fuss, bother 2 search a to run
tasimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1.1 around, fuss, bother b to run around, ransack in search of
to divide; partition, separate; distribute, allocate 1.2 math to something
divide 2 military to deploy idiom ! taksr m. Arabic abundance
Divide and conquer! taksf m. Arabic thickening; concentration
tasimedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to taksl m. Arabic 1 laziness 2 carelessness, negligence
be divided; be separated; be distributed 2 math to be divided takf m. Arabic 1 equivalence, identity 2 authenticity,
tasimed m. plural division; separation, parting; trustworthiness 3 payment, covering (of expenditures)
distribution, allocation math plural division taklf m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 responsibilities,
tasr m. [plural: tasirna Arabic plural: obligations (e.g., of an employer)
tasir t] 1 omission, negligence 2 fault, blame, transgression, sin takml m. Arabic 1 improvement; development, progress
through one's own fault to commit a evolution to improve; develop 2 finish,
sin, be guilty of an offense completeness
tasir tasird r having committed an offense, takmul evolutionary process of
(having been) guilty of wrongdoing improvement, process of development; evolution; progress
tat' f. Arabic 1 format (of a book) 2 scansion (of verses) tak n m. 1 push, shove to rock or
to scan (verses) sway while walking 2 shaking to shake; rock, stir up
taallb m. Arabic deceit, deception, cheating (at games), takhl m. Arabic carelessness, negligence to
swindling display carelessness, display negligence
taallub false, fake takabbr m. Arabic conceit, haughtiness, arrogance
tald m. Arabic 1 imitation; copying takbr m. Arabic religion pronunciation of the formula
to imitate; copy 2 following (a spiritual leader) ! God is great!
talid 1 imitative 2 false, counterfeit, unnatural tikt m.
tall m. Arabic 1 diminution, lessening, decrease tikatpul f.
to lessen, decrease, get smaller 2 insufficiency, lack, deficit taktk m. knocking, tapping to knock, tap
tanin Arabic legislative to knock at the door
taninija f. Arabic legislative body tak-tanh absolutely alone; all by oneself
tav f. Arabic piety hl-i God-fearing people takassr m. Arabic 1 biology reproduction 2 increase,
tavijt m. Arabic growth; development a biology to reproduce, multiply b
tavm m. Arabic 1 evaluation, valuation 2 device; to increase, grow; develop
regulating, putting into (good) order 3 astronomy calendar 4 taksr m. Arabic multiplication; increase in quantity;
almanac augmentation in number, augmentation in personnel strength
tavij f. Arabic 1 strengthening; reinforcing, making firm; taksf Arabic thickening, condensing
development (e.g., of trade) fortifying one's health takzb Arabic refutation; being caught in a lie, exposure (as a
compound verb to strengthen; fortify, reinforce, make liar, etc.) compound verb
firm; develop (trade) compound verb to compound verb
199
takzibavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to moral duty idiom simple food,

refute 2 to catch in a lie, expose modest refreshment
takzibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to tukm m. race; breed, species
be refuted 2 to be caught lying, be exposed (as a liar, etc.) tukm f. 1 button 2 medicine hemorrhoid 3 knob (e.g., of a
takr r m. Arabic 1 repetition repetition of doorbell)
lessons 2 renewal compound verb m. Arabic 1 completion; fulfillment 2 perfection
a to repeat, be repeated; learn by rote b to be renewed, a to be completed, be finished; be fulfilled b to be improved, be
resume 3 Eastern argument; altercation What perfected; improve
caused the argument? takmilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
takrravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to complete, finish; fulfill 2 to improve, perfect
repeat; learn by rote, memorize 2 to renew 3 Eastern to argue takmiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
takrr tikrr 1.1 repeated; recurring 1.2 Eastern peevish, be completed, be finished; be fulfilled 2 to be improved, be
shrewish 2 m. Eastern squabbler, wrangler; debater perfected
takrredl denominative, intransitive [past: ]1 to takmiled m. plural 1 completion, ending 2 improving,
repeat, be repeated This incident has occured perfecting
again. 2 to be renewed, resume teknlodzhst m. technologist, engineer
m. technology shock-absorber teknlodzh f.
tukr f. 1 basket 2 chute, gutter, trough teknlozh f. technology
takrm m. Arabic 1 esteem, respect 2 [plural: teknlozhik technological
takrim t] honors technological process
takht m. sport teknk m. technique; engineering; equipment
1 tuk f. pebble tak-u-p m.
2 tak indeclinable 1 healthy, strong ! Be well! To takvn m. Arabic 1 creation 2 forming, organizing 3
your health! 2 hale and hearty; full of strength and energy, conception; origin
energetic a to make healthy, make strong; fortify b to 1 tik f. piece
invigorate, fill with energy to encourage oneself, spur 2 tik f. 2
oneself on a to be healthy, be strong; fortify b to be 3 tk ungelded (of a ram, billy goat)
vigorous, be energetic 3 healthy, not infected by disease (of tka-tap rka f. hurry, haste, rush
crops) tikad r m.
takatb m. takatj f. takav laj m. 1 tkj 1 paired, forming a pair 2 to prick up
health; strength, power 2 heartiness; cheerfulness; vigorousness one's ears, be on the alert
takj f. patch (for garments) takj f.
takfn m. Arabic wrapping in a shroud (the deceased) takajjf m. Arabic accommodation, device, fitting
takl m. 1 intention; aspiration 2 attempt; trying takinb d m. Takinabad (city, ancient name for the city
a to intend; to strive (for) b to try, attempt 3 exercise idiom Kandahar)
I was going to sleep. takiv n m. prop (for fruit trees)
tak-l saj 1 energetic; active 2 quick, agile; takj f. Arabic 1 leaning (against) 2 support, rest, prop
adroit; cunning compound verb a to put, place to put a
takallf m. Arabic 1 ceremoniousness; constraint; artificiality rifle on your shoulder b to lean, rest (against) to
2 ceremony; etiquette; formality 3 efforts, work(s) to lean against the wall c figurative to hope, count on
try, make an effort to rely on oneself to rely on others d
takallm m. Arabic conversation, speech to carry on military to based (on) 3 pillow; head of the bed 4 dwelling of a
a conversation, talk, chat fakir (i.e., dervish) idiom on the basis of this
taklf m. Arabic [plural: taklifna Arabic plural: report He has made himself at home here.
taklf] 1 difficulty; uneasiness, constraint; labor, efforts to pause for breath, take a breath
without difficulty, without fuss takjakal m m. Arabic saying, catch phrase; popular
I caused you a great deal of worry. to worry, expression
fuss to feel uneasy, worry to make takjag h m. military 1 base airbase 2
difficult; cause worry 2 ceremony; etiquette 3 obligation, debt bridgehead; beachhead 3 fortified post, strong point
200
takjf m. Arabic 1 forming; organizing 2 adapting, tlst Western imperfect, second person plural of 1
adjusting 3 regulating tl sh m.
tag m. 1 movement on the move; in motion tlsh f. Arabic Eastern
movement ahead, forward movement gait tl h m. 1 trouble, fuss, worry 2 Eastern search a
(of horses) 2 conduct, behavior 3 relationship, conncection 4 to fuss, bustle, trouble about b to search, enquire (into)
action, act, deed a to walk, go, move b to behave c to tlh f. search to search (the premises, etc.)
maintain relations, maintain communications taltm m. Arabic 1 splash, splashing (of waves) 2 agitation,
to maintain friendly relations d to act, take action 5 gait, anxiety, worry
walk, step 6 dispatch; departure to request talf m. Arabic 1 compensation; replacement 2 catching up,
permission to leave idiom repairing (an omission)
the truck broke down talkj f. divorced wife
tig f. patience to endure, bear idiom to be out tal nga f. literal & figurative echo
of breath; puff, pant tal u m. man-made pool; reservoir; basin
tag b m. talvt m. Arabic reading (usually of the Koran)
tagv m. 1 Tagab, Tagao (city, region) 2 used in geographical tlv f. oppression
names Shirin Tagab (river) tl vaj m. sugar molasses storage tank
tagr tg m. 1 coming and going; arrival and departure 2 tlj conditional and potential form of 1
movement (back and forth, to and fro); communication 1 talb
travel here and there (of automobiles); automobile traffic, 2 talb combining form with
automotive transportation 3 exchange of visits; acquaintance, talbr m. 1 large chute, large gutter 2 figurative surface (of the
familiarity; contact a to come and go b to go back sea, ocean)
and forth (of transport) c to associate (with) talbar m. glutton, gormandizer
tagaj m. 1 scrap, piece (of material) to tear off a talbs m. Arabic deception, deceit, swindling, cheating
piece to tear into pieces 2 1 idiom tlp taj eternal, everlasting
to exploit unscrupulously, oppress talpch f. overhang of a roof, eaves
tekusigalp f. Tegucigalpa (capital, Honduras) tlkk m. [plural: tltakna Western plural:
taglaj m. trampled area, tamped (down) area tltak n] 1 blanket 2 Eastern bed idiom a covering
taglj r m. regulation of snow, a blanket of snow
tag-u-p m. tag-u-dv m. talkh bitter
to rush about; fuss, bustle about talkh n m. ground mulberrys and walnuts (baked and sliced
1 tagj f. board, bulletin board into squares)
2 tgaj Eastern tlkha exclamation go away, scat (used when chasing away
tagr m. dam (for disturbing water during irrigation) dogs)
1 tal m. 1 bottom; bed (of a river) on the bottom talkh f. 1 bitter taste, bitter substance; bitterness 2 figurative
of the sea to drown 2 level area, smooth area 3 basis, grief, sorrow
foundation (of something) 4 depths in the lower talazzz m. Arabic 1 amusement, pleasure, enjoyment 2
regions of the earth 5 cavity, hollow 6 precipitation; sediment savoriness, relish
idiom in the depths of one's soul, deep in one's tiliskp m. teleskp
heart tl shn evergreen
2
tal m. tall Arabic 1 hill, rise, raised place m. 2 Tal (city) taltf m. Arabic goodness, kindness; favor, charity; attention
3
tl 1.1 always, constantly He is constantly talgh k m. 1 noise, din 2 thunder storm
occupied. saying You won't go far on a lie. 1.2 talf Arabic 1 m. [plural: talafna Arabic plural:
forever, eternally obsolete talaf t plural: atl f] .1 destruction, death 1.2 loss;
forever, eternally ! Let there be lasting peace! 2 m. casualty to sustain losses to
eternity to be reowned through the ages inflict losses to suffer losses, sustain
4 til m. losses 1.3 annihilation, destruction compound verb
talabb m. Tel Aviv (city) 2 predicate .1 perished; killed 2.2 annihilated, wiped out
tltb uneasiness, agitation, anxiety 2.3 spent, exhausted (of assests, means) 2.4 lost (e.g., of time)
tl ga f. shred, piece (of fabric, etc.)
201
talaffz m. Arabic pronunciation, accent compound 2

tall transitive [present: past: ] 1 to weigh;
verb to pronounce, articulate figurative to consider to be weighed 2 to determine the
talafavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to weight of something by tossing it up; to estimate the weight of
destroy; kill to destroy oneself 2 to something 3 figurative to test someone, put someone to the test
annihilate 3 to squander, waster (means) 4 to lose (e.g., time) I have tested him, he is true to his
talafedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be friends 4 to compare 5 figurative to weigh, consider
killed 2 to perish, be lost all the seeds tlo Eastern
perished 3 to be annihilated 4 to be squandered (of means) 5 to 1 tllaj past participle of 1
be lost (e.g., of time) 2 tallaj [past: ]past participle of 2
talafed m. plural 1 death, destruction, ruin 2 annihilation 3 1 tm first person past of 1
loss (e.g., of time) 2 talm first person past of 2
talfk m. Arabic grammar combination; composition; word tulumtj m.
order word order in a sentence tlmud m eternally, forever
talai f. Arabic meeting; reception, receipt (of some report, tilmz m. talmz Arabic pupil
news, etc.) compound verb to meet; receive (some tilmiz talmiz Arabic adjective school, pupil's
report, news, etc.) idiom position with respect to, tlndzj m. appointed place, meeting place
relationship towards talnga f. 1
tal f. talh Arabic 1 inoculation 2 impregnation 1 talngi f. usually plural sole (of foot, boot) idiom
talin m. Arabic 1 exhortation, admonition, inspiration to run your feet off looking for something
compound verb to edify, exhort, inspire 2 tiling 1 m. regional Indian soldier 2 m. plural
compound verb to inspire fear 2 religion sermon, homily Telugu (Dravidian people of India)
talka f. mousetrap; trap; snares tlnl r f. 1 line of movement; course; track 2 figurative
tiligr f m. telegr f 1 telegraph by telegraph direction
to communicate by telegraph 2 1 tlna f. 1 2
telegram 2 talna f. action noun from 2
tiligrfch m. telegrfch telegraphist 1 tlo Eastern imperfect of 1
tiligr fkhn f. telegrfkhn telegraph office 2 tlu feminine plural of 1
tiligrf telegrf 1 adjective telegraph, telegraphic 3 tlo oblique plural of 4
radiotelegraph 2 m. telegraphist, telegrapher talv r m. hurry, haste hastily, hurriedly
tililgr m m. telegr m telegram I'm in a hurry. Where are you
to telegraph, send someone a telegram going in such a hurry? to hurry, rush
1 tll 1 intransitive present tense imperfect proverb in the good hurry, in the bad be slow
imperfect tense past tense future tense tavrgndaj precipitate, rash, hasty; hurried
imperfective imperative perfective imperative .1 to go tavr fast, swift, quick; skillful, dexterous
They are going to town. 1.2 to go, run (of a talw l computer science default
mechanism) My watch is fast. 1.3 to leave,
talotark m. agitation, uneasiness to disturb,
depart, go away, set out; fly away (of birds, a plane)
agitate
Haven't you left yet? to come and go 1.4 to lead, talavvc m. Arabic pollution, contamination (of water, food
go (of a road) Where does
products)
this road lead? 1.5 to flow (of a river) 1.6 to flow out (of sap,
tavas f. 1 uneasiness, deep agitation to disturb,
etc.) 1.7 to pierce, penetrate (of a thorn, sliver) 1.8 to pass (of
agitate, upset 2 strong desire I would
time) youth has passed years (have)
very much like to see you. a to be impatient, be upset;
passed 1.9 to disappear 1.10 to be spent, be exhausted (of
worry b to have a strong desire c to await
money, materials) 1.11 used with adverbs and adjectives: tlavl transitive [past: ] 1 to roast, fry (in butter,
1
to return to advance, move on 2 m. plural .1

oil) 2 to toss, throw, fling 3 to release from one's hands, drop
walking, going 2.2 leaving; departure, flight (of birds, a plane)
2
tavl m. 1 swiftness; haste 2 agitation, uneasiness
2.3 passage (of time) 2.4 loss, expenditure (of money, materials)
a to hurry b to worry, to be upset
2.5 fading away, disappearance idiom He turned
3
talvl abundant, plentiful
pale. He died. He has departed this world.
202
4
talvl roasted, broiled; fried, grilled taledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to settle;
2
tlavl denominative, transitive [past:

5
] to form a sediment 2 to slide, slip 3 to be thrown about, be
immortalize, perpetuate dispersed, be scattered
talavl denominative, transitive [past:
6
] 1 to tlz constant, perpetual
immerse (in liquid) 2 to drown talisk m. seed (of a grape)
talvla f. worry, anxiety, agitation taln m. taaln tlna f. 1 anniversary to
1 past participle of 1 celebrate an anniversary 2 funeral banquet held a year after
2 tlvalj 1 dismayed, perplexed; stunned 2 m. lively person, someone's death
active person idiom I was quite tlev r talev r m.
upset, I was nervous. tlevrgndaj adjective hurrying, making haste
1 tlun m. 1 2 1 tam 1 m. constancy 2 predicate adjective lingering; residing,
2 taln m. weighing, weighing out spending time, being someplace
3 talavvn m. Arabic inconstancy, fickleness 2
tam word paired with
Eastern You are fickle. 3
tm colloquial contraction of the pronoun and the
1 tlnkaj 1 present participle of 1 2 m. passerby, conjunction
traveler tam ar m. regional tomato
2 talnkaj present participle of 2 tamsl m. Arabic likeness, resemblance, similarity
talavna f. roast, roasting to be similar, resemble; look like
1 tlnaj 1 tamsul similar, like
2 talnaj 2 timsl m. Arabic plural from
talvs m. Arabic 1 contamination, pollution (of water) 2 tamch f. tumch Arabic Eastern pistol
spoiling; damage 3 soiling, dirtying, staining six-shooter
televizjn m. tilivizjn tamd f. Arabic time period, interval of time
1 tl f. 1 scales pointer on scales 2 standard, tamrz m. Arabic feigning an illness
criterion level (geodesy) 3 5, 6 1 tam s m. Arabic 1 contiguity 2 contact, connection
2 tla f. sole (of the foot) idiom a to to
gloss over, conceal (defects) b to settle (an argument, quarrel) c establish or maintain communication or contact with someone
to practice witchcraft, practice sorcery to establish contact with one another
3 tl imperfect plural of 1 contact has been established with them 2 grammar
4 tl m. plural 1 2 agglutination
5 tla imperfect feminine of 1 2 tam s m. proper noun Tohmas
tl-rtl m. plural movement, running (back and forth tamsh f. Arabic
between points) walking, going tamshbn m. tamshch m.
1 taj m. 1 sole sole 2 foot 3 palm to lick tamshkhn f. tamshg h m.
(off) one's palms (e.g., powder) 4 bottom (e.g., of a river) 5 tamshgr m. Eastern
peritoneum 6 agriculture threshing floor 1 tamsh f. tmsh spectacle, entertainment a to
2
tilj f. 1 shank (of an arrow) 2 straw 3 stalk (of a reed, etc.) watch a spectacle b to admire 2 tmsh tumsh attributive
3
tali present tense of 2 adjective strange, odd He's a strange one.
4
tlj 1 Western imperfect of 1 2 Eastern imperfect strange talk, unaccustomed speech
second person plural of 2 tamshabn m. tamshach m. 1 spectator,
5
tle 1 imperfect second person singular of 1 2 imperfect observer 2 idler, scatterbrain
feminine plural of 1
tamshakhn f. place of spectacles, spectacle (theater,
6 tl plural of 1 circus, etc.)
7 tli plural of 2 tamsh kavnkaj m. spectator, observer
8 tlaj past participle of 1 tamshag h m.
talip m. pan (of a scale) tmgh f. 1 fur cap with ear flaps 2 cowl (worn by hunters
1 tledl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be roasting, be frying of fowl)
2 figurative to be in torment tamk m. plural tobacco
203
tam m Arabic 1.1 all, the whole, the entire all day, predicate adjective .1 pressed against 2.2 put against, leaned
the whole day 1.2 finished, completed 2 m. end, completion, against
finish compound verb compound tambedl intransitive [past: ]to fall away, fall off, slip
verb idiom I shall take care of this matter. tambza f.
That's something I can handle. tambzaj m. bridge (of the nose)
tam mn Arabic altogether, in full; for once and all, finally, Eastern word paired with
completely, definitely tamtar m. greatness, grandeur, magnificence; pomp
tam m-tamt completed, finished to end, tamtarj
finish, be completed tamatt' f. Arabic 1 trial, touch; taste, experience 2 use
tammtb m. tammtj f. finish, completeness compound verb a to try; feel, touch; to taste, experience b to
tammshd economics cost use, make use of
tammht m. tammv laj m. 1 completion, end, tims l m. Arabic plural [plural: timslna Arabic
ending 2 finish, completeness plural: timsl] image; portrait
tammavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tamsl m. Arabic 1 comparison; likening to make
end, finish, complete 2 to complete one's schooling a comparison 2 allegory; fable a to make a comparison
1 tam maj 1 b to speak in allegory 3 play, representation compound
2 tammi f. end, completion, finish verb compound verb 4
tammijt m. Arabic wholeness, integrity representation
territorial integrity tamsilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tammedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to compare; liken 2 to represent, be an example, personify 3 to
end, conclude, come to an end the end (e.g., of a book) 2 play, represent
to expire, elapse (of a time period); become invalid (of a contract, tamsiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
etc.) 3 to run out, be sold out (e.g., copies of a book) 4 to turn compare; be likened to 2 to be personified 3 to be represented
out, turn out to be to prove (to be) useful tamdzhd m. Arabic 1 praise, eulogy to praise,
a to prove harmful; cause harm b to prove unprofitable; laud, eulogize to praise something 2 prayer
bring a loss 5 to cost, come to That (made an hour and a half before sunrise or sunset)
costs a great deal. tamch m. bolt, catch, bar, lock
tammed m. plural tamdz j m. parking, stop (for buses, etc.)
tamnch f. tumnch 1 2 clamp, vice (used by a tamdzraj m. Indian partridge, Francolinus
potter) tamaddn m. Arabic civilization
tamgl m. Arabic inclination; predilection (for); aspiration; tamdd m. Arabic time extension, prolongation (of an
tendency agreement, etc.)
tamb m. camp, nomad encampment tamdidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
tambk m. plural tobacco extend the time period, prolong (an agreement, etc.)
tambraj m. board for rolling out dough tamdidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
tambka f. beehive extended, be prolonged (of an agreement, etc.)
tambagj f. shutter (of a door, window) tamarrd m. Arabic 1 stubbornness 2 disobedience,
tumbl m. 1 tambourine 2 drum insubordination
tumbulb z m. drummer tamarkz Arabic concentration concentration of
tamb m. 1 tent 2 wattle fencing, wooden fencing (at the concentration of production
capital
entrance to a house, tent) 3 snares to concentrate to concentrate capital
tambr m. compound verb to be concentrated, to
tambuzk m. 1 snout (of an animal) 2 muzzle 3 bridge (of concentrate (intransitive) to be concentrated
the nose) tamr-i-hind m. tamr-i-hind tamarind
tambzaj m. bridge (of the nose) tamrn m. Arabic 1 exercise 2 repetition
tambugj m. 1 small tent 2 spider web tamrin t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 training
tamb f. 1.1 bolt, catch, bar, lock 1.2 shutter (of a door, tamazz m. Arabic 1 tearing; break, gap, rupture, severance
window) 1.3 crowd, gathering, throng; group, bunch (of people) tims h Arabic African crocodile
in groups, in bunches 1.4 pillar, building support 2
204
tamaskhr m. Arabic 1 ridicule, gibe; irony 2 smile, grin appeals department (in the Afghan Ministry of Justice) idiom
a sarcastically, with irony b with a smile, with a grin to be reasonable, be sensible
tamaskhurmz sarcastic; ironic 1
tan [plural: tanna with numbers plural: tna] 1
tums m. kind of apricot with a reddish color body to dress 2 person There are
tamassk m. Arabic promissory note, receipt for a debt three of us. four women idiom
tamkn m. Arabic 1 solidity; steadiness; worthiness 2 to engage in hand-to-hand combat
restraint, unflappability, coolness a to be attentive to someone b to reckon with someone;
to be always unflappable, keep one's cool a agree with someone c to yield to someone to
to be very solid, be very steady b to possess great self-control, fail to resolve something a to be exhausted,
have great coolheadedness be worn out b to lose one's head, be taken aback
tamall m. Arabic 1 2 tan m. ton
1 tamalk m. flattery, servility; toadying, bootlicking tan f. thunder
to love flattery tanr oblique of
2 tamallk m. Arabic ownership, possession tanz' f. Arabic 1 argument, dispute 2 battle, struggle
tamlk m. Arabic law 1 coming into possession 2 granting struggle for existence
ownership tans f. delicacy, softness
tumn m. 1 tribe (among the Baluchis) 2 crowd, throng 3 tansb m. Arabic proportion; symmetry; correlation
detachment in detachments 4 twenty (in counting in accordance with this proportionately;
money) symmetrically proportionality
tumand r m. leader of a tribe (among the Baluchis) tansub proportionate, symmetrical
tamann f. Arabic 1 request 2 wish, desire a to tanskh m. Arabic religion metempsychosis, passing of the
request b to wish a to have a request b to have a wish; soul at death into another body
to have a propensity toward something idiom tansukh believing in metempsychosis
grammar optative subjunctive mood tans m. Arabic
tamanch f. regional tansl m. Arabic reproduction, propagation
tamann f. Arabic wish desire to tansul Arabic sexual sexual
wish someone the best of everything organs
tamavvdzh m. Arabic [plural: tamavvudzhna tanzr m. Arabic symmetry
plural: tamavvudzh t] agitation, vacillation; vibratory tanfr Arabic mutual repugnance
movement idiom electric waves tans m. Arabic 1 lessening, cutting short, abbreviation 2
tammz m. tamz Arabic 1 summer heat 2 July insufficiency, lack
tams m. 1 itch; figurative urge 2 summer heat tanz m. Arabic 1 contrast; opposition 2 contradiction
1 tamavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tan v m. 1 string; rope ferry (-boat) 2 tanb tanab
restrain, hold back Hold this (a measurement of ground which varies in different regions:
fellow a little while, I have some business with him. 2 to support between one-fourth and one-half acre) 3 vine (of a melon, squash)
someone to help someone to put forth vines 4 figurative fetters, bonds idiom
2
tamavvl m. Arabic 1 wealth; well-being 2 enriching, distance no longer has any meaning, there no
enrichment longer are great distances
tma f. idiom His life was tanvb m. Arabic 1 attention, interchange, rotation 2
hanging by a thread. agriculture crop rotation
tamhd m. Arabic 1 introduction; foreword 2 arrangement, tnvj m. rope for fastening tent sections to stakes
settlement 3 spreading (out) 1 tambl m.
tamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be held 2 tambl lazy
up, stand (idle) I waited for him a tambal f. laziness
long time, but he didn't come. 2 to bear, endure; stand one's tamb m.
ground tambr m. 1 tambur (stringed instrument like a mandoline);
tamz m. Arabic tamjz m. Arabic 1 preference tambourine 2 dialect drum
to show one's preference 2 distinction to tamburch m. 1 tambur player; tambourine player 2 dialect
distinguish, single out 3 law cassation head of the drummer
205
1
tamb f. tindaj cartilage (of the nose)
2
tanabbh f. Arabic m. [plural: tanabboh t] 1 tundavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to make
forewarning, forestalling 2 inducement, incentive fast; speed up, hasten 2 to make sharp, make caustic 3 to behave
tambez f. rudely 4 to make irascible, make hot-tempered
tambezj m. tandlaj m. botany portulaca
tanb f. tanbh Arabic 1 teaching, homily, sermon 2 warning, tandaj m.
caution; reminder a to teach, preach b to tandvj m. tandvj 1 anatomy diaphragm 2 cartilage (of
warn, caution, forewarn; remind the nose)
tanparvr 1 soft, effeminate, delicate 2 lazy; not mobile, 1 tnda f. 1 thirst I'm overcome by thirst.
slow-moving idiom glutton, gourmand I'm thirsty. 2 lack of water, lack of moisture 3 figurative
tanparvar f. 1 softness, delicacy; effeminacy 2 lazineess, desire, wish a to quench one's thirst b figurative to
idleness 3 gluttony satisfy a desire idiom thirst for gain
tanptan f. obsolete self-preservation, self-defense longing for glory
tantaj adjective stammering, stuttering 2 tand f. botany camel's thorn
tantan f. 1 cries; shouts 2 glory 3 news; novelty 4 echo 5 3 tnda feminine singular of 1
grandeur, luxury, pomp tndaghaj m. Eastern person sick with dropsy
tantsh m. grocery bag 1 tandj m. 1 forehead, brow He has a broad
tant f. textiles warp to stretch the warp forehead. 2 slope (of a mountain) 3 upper jamb of a door 4 part
tandzraj m. of a wall under a cornice 5 level (of water in a river, stream) 6
tankh f. tankh h pay (from work), salary heading, title idiom tand with a content expression;
1 tund 1 fast, quick 2 caustic, acrid (e.g., of food, a smell) 3 joyfully tand with a dissatisfied, sour expression;
coarse, sharp coarsely, sharply coarse words, morosely a morose person to make a
sharp words 4 irascible, unrestrained, hot-tempered 5 irritable, dissatisfied expression; frown; be angry to be
short-tempered a irascibility, lack of self-control b affable and affectionate with everyone
irritability 6 strong, heavy (of the wind, rain) that was pre-ordained for him, that was
idiom to show ostentatious zeal or fated for him to contemplate evil
ardor to be satisfied, be content he
2 tand flourished; he grew cheerful to grieve, regret
tind ra f. aunt, wife of an uncle (on the father's side) 2 tund f. 1 swiftness, speed quickly, hurriedly
tundkhj 1 irascible, unrestrained, hot-tempered 2 irritable to hurry someone to quicken the
tandr m. lightning pace He began to hurry. 2 sharpness;
tundr f. tundra causticity, sarcasm 3 crudeness, harshness 4 irascibility,
tandurst healthy, strong, robust touchiness
tandurustv laj m. tandurust f. health, strength 3
tandj 1.1 young unweaned lamb baby,
1 tndra f. 1 elipse an eclipse of the moon infant 1.2 immature; unripe 2 m. .1 young (of animals) 2.2
took place 2 figurative misfortune, calamity a young tree 2.3 sprout, shoot
disaster befell him 3 4 tndj round
2 tundur f. tandj ra f.
tandraj m. new bark (of a pine tree, etc.) tundedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
tundzab n 1 eloquent, expressive 2 caustic, coarse fast, be swift; hasten, speed up 2 to be sharp, be caustic 3 to be
1 tinadk m. coarse, be harsh 4 to get excited, become impassioned 5 to grow
2 tundak nervous, irritable stronger (e.g., the wind, rain)
tandl transitive tanl transitive [past: ] 1 to make; form; prepare 2
tundmiz dzh hot-tempered, irascible to arrange 3 to fix, correct; repair
tundv laj 2 tan colloquial big-bellied, pot-bellied, large-waisted, chubby
tundba f. tundbaj m. fountain tanarna plural of
1 tandr m. tanznij f. Tanzania
2 tindr f. tanzraj m.
tundur f. 1 cascade, waterfall 2 steep slope
206
tanazzl Arabic lowering, reduction, fall (of prices) to time before noon, morning 2 m. .1 baby, infant 2.2 suckling;
go down, fall (of prices) whelp
tanzl m. Arabic 1 lowering, letting down 2 reduction (in tankajtb m. tankajtj f. tankajv laj
prices); discount 3 finance discounting (of bills, etc.) 4 m. 1 tenderness; fineness, delicacy 2 freshness
reception (of guests) 1
tung m. [plural: tung n] plural jug, pitcher
tanzilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 2
tang 1 narrow; cramped, crowded; tight, 2 insufficient,
lower, reduce (prices) 2 finance to discount (bills, etc.) scanty, limited 3 constrained, straitened, difficult
tanziledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to go to be in straitened circumstances, live in need

down, to fall (of prices) 2 finance to be discounted (of bills, etc.) a to wind up in a difficult situation b to be in torment, suffer
tanist f. 1 fabric, material 2 spider's web 3 textiles warp 4 He was excruciatingly sleepy. c to
frame (of a rug weaving loom) become confused; become upset to be in
tansh f. splendor, glory torment, suffer from something it become very
tanshn m. tenshn physics tension difficult for him to oppress someone
tanzm m. Arabic 1 organization, arrangement; regulation, tungch f. 1 bench 2 platform; scaffold
putting in order organizational department 2 tangtrsh very tight, narrow
compilation (of a document, etc.) 3 composition (of verses) 4 tangtb m. tangtj f. 1 narrowness, tightness 2
military correction (of firing), adjustment compound insufficiency, lack, scantiness 3 difficulty, straits 4 need, poverty
verb 5 physics, chemistry tangchshm 1 miserly; greedy 2 envious
structure tangchashmv laj m. tangchashm f. 1
tanzimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to miserliness; greed 2 envious
organize, arrange; regulate, set in order; adjust to tangh l poor, needy
regulate relations 2 to compile (a document, etc.) 3 to compose tanghl f. need; straited circumstances
(verse) 4 military to adjust (firing) tanghavsil talkative, unable to keep a secret
tanzimedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to tangkhlaj m. jug or pitcher with a narrow neck
be organized, be arranged; to be regulated, be put in order; go well, tangdst 1 poor, needy 2 miserly, stingy
come right 2 to be compiled (of a document, etc.) 3 to be tangdast f. 1 need, indigence 2 miserliness, stinginess
composed (of verse) 4 military to be adjusted (of fire) tangdl miserly, stingy
tanzimj f. Arabic organizational committee tangdil f. miserliness, stinginess
(for enacting reforms and the reorganization of the provincial tangstn chemistry tungsten
bureaucracy) ras-i chairman of the tangs f. tangsj f. 1 poverty, want 2 difficult
organization committee situation; straits at a difficult time
tanaffs m. Arabic breathing tang-i-ghr m. Tangigaru (a ravine near Kabul)
respiratory organs trachea, windpipe tangl saj poor, needy
compound verb to inhale, breathe in to inhale tangn f. ravine, gorge
fresh air, breathe fresh air tangnazar f. shortsightedness; narrowness (of views)
tanfz m. Arabic setting in motion, carrying out; confirmation tangv laj m.
(of a verdict) idiom People's Court tangavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to make
tanfiz Arabic adjective executive executive narrow, narrow; make (too) tight; to pinch 2 to disturb; burden;
authority constrain, hamper 3 to presecute; oppress
tand m. Arabic criticism 1 tang f. 1 tree trunk 2 bodice (of a dress)
to criticize, subject someone to 2 tang f.
criticism ! Don't condemn me! 3 tnga feminine singular of 2
tanid critical critic 1 tang f. tang f. 1 narrowness; tightness 2 narrow part of
tans m. Arabic reduction, abbreviation something 3 insufficiency, lack, scantiness, limitation 4 difficult
tant m. Arabic grammar punctuation rules of situation; straits 5 need, poverty to fall
punctuation into want, be very needy
tankj 1.1 tender; fine, delicate small twig 1.2 2
tangj m. 1 ravine, gorge; narrow valley; pass 2 pouch for
fresh 1.3 early morning sun, sun at sunrise dried cheese 3 used in geographical names: Naraj-
Tangaj Ravine
207
3 tang plural of 1, 2 tavl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat up; slaughter 2 to

tangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to grow slaughter, butcher (cattle)
narrow; become crowded 2 to be tight, be constrained; be in a th r m. 1 thunder 2 roaring (of a tiger, lion, etc.)
tight or difficult situation 3 to be in torment, suffer 4 to be bored, 1 taj m. bellyband (of a harness)
experience boredom 2 taj f. 1 lace (shoelace, drawstring of a dress); bands,
tangighr m. ribbons 2 belts, straps (of a pack-saddle, etc.) 3 button 4 button
tangiv l made in local Afghan workshops (small arms, etc.) (e.g., on a doorbell) to press a
tanmij f. Arabic growth, development button a to lace up, tie ! Tie your shoelaces!
tanr m. Arabic [plural: tanurna plural: b to tie (bands, ribbons) c to button (up)
tanarna] tanur (i.e., an oven built in the ground) a to tear off (ribbons, bands, a button) b
bread or flat cakes baked in a tanur idiom a figurative to shame, disgrace c figurative to labor, strain, (over)
beneath a sultry sky b in the heat to oppress tax oneself I overtaxed myself at work.
someone, create intolerable conditions for someone d figurative to entreat, request e figurative to cry, wail, moan f.
tanurp k m. shovel for digging ash out of an underground figurative to toil, endeavor; puff, pant
oven (i.e., a tanur) 1
tu m. 1.1 spittle; spitting to spit 1.2 steam, vapor 1.3
tanavv' f. Arabic 1 variety, diversity; heterogeneity 2 scornful relationship 2 interjection phooey, pah !
biology formation of species; differentiation by species Confound you! Be damned!
1
tnavl transitive [past: ] 1 to rumble, roar (with 2 to oblique plural of 1
laughter, etc.) 2 figurative to resound (of glory, etc.) 3 tav m. 1
2 tnavl transitive [past: ] to draw out into thread 4 to
tanumn tanumnd fat, obese; full 5 to Western 2
tanvr m. Arabic 1 illumination, lighting gas for tavb' m. 1 plural from 2 2 possessions
lighting 2 enlightenment, instruction general tvtv m. 1 gaining money underhandedly 2 pocketing
education, schooling money a acquire money dishonestly b to pocket money
tanviravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tavch m. helper of the village elder
illuminate 2 to enlighten tavrs m. Arabic heredity
tanvir 1 adjective lighting, illuminating tvr f. wicket or wooden fence at the entrance to a house or
expenses for lighting 2 educational tent
tan f. 1 body, frame, torso 2 trunk (of a tree) 3 fuselage (of tavrkh Arabic masculine plural of
an airplane) 4 hull (of a ship) tav zn m. Arabic equilibrium, stability, steadiness
tanh 1 solitary, lone 2 only balance of power rest, calmness a to
tanh f. loneness; loneliness; isolation destroy the equilibrium b figurative to lose one's temper
1 tn tn Eastern tavz' f. Arabic 1 humility, meekness humbly,
2 tan plural of meekly 2 attention to someone 3 refreshments
3 tanj stammer(ing), stutter(ing) to treat someone to something
1 tanedl intransitive [past: ]to peal, rumble (of thunder) tavf m. Arabic unanimity; agreement a to
2 tanedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be drawn out into a reach agreement b to accommodate oneself to be
thread 2 figurative to become nice, become dear, become lovable in agreement to accomodate oneself
tnajn f. tult m. 1 toilette 2 toilet
1 t m. song; verse, poetry tv n tuv n tavn m. 1 power, might, mightiness
2 ta m. ta f. 1 thunder 2 roaring (of a tiger, lion, etc.) according to one's strength 2 armed forces, troops
to roar (of a tiger, lion, etc.) regional air force armed forces idiom
ta ka f. blister, bump; corn, callus to develop to be consumed by desire; to be unable to refrain from something
calluses to be covered with blisters; be covered with tvn tuvn tavn 1 mighty, powerful, energetic 2 all-
corns idiom to live by one's own labor powerful
a to calm, quiet, soothe; bring to reason; bridle, curb b to tvn f. tuvn tavn might, power, mightiness
despair (of) tvnavl tuvnavl tavnavl transitive [past: ] 1
tat f. to make strong, make powerful; fortify 2 to enforce; support;
tk r m. chemistry borax, sodium borate
208
encourage 3 to nourish, fortify (with food) to topsz f. production of guns

nourish a child with milk topk m. plural Eastern [plural: topk plural:
tvn f. tuvn tavn might, power, strength topakna Western plural: topak n] rifle; gun; handgun
tvnedl tuvnedl tavnedl intransitive [past: ] 1 sportsman's rifle to fire from a rifle
to be able, be capable, have strength (to) 2 to fortify oneself (by He shoots well. !
eating, drinking something) saying Rifle, you should get lost for good!
tb suffix forming abstract masculine nouns topakgraj m. gunsmith
whiteness humanity topaklch m. butt of a rifle, butt-stock of a rifle
tuberkulz m. tuberculosis topakvl m. military gunner (in a plane, tank)
tobr f. tubr purse; bag, sack top larnkaj (person) having a gun or guns
1 tubrj m. 1 point (of an arrow) 2 quill (of a feather) gunboat
2 tbri f. plural cross-shaped embroidery topanch f. Western topangch f. pistol, revolver
tobag r m. top m.
1 tob taub Arabic 1 f. .1 repentance; plea for forgiveness topoghrf topogrf 1 f. topography 2
! I repent! May I be forgiven! I won't do it again! topographic
to repent, be sorry, ask forgiveness 1.2 used tpa f. Eastern gun, cannon
with or they have now repented of that tavpr m. taupr difference, distinction
2 exclamation .1 I'm sorry!, I won't do it again! they are not at all distinguishable from one another to
! proverb I don't need your alms, just call off differ (from), stand out
the dog! 2.2 I can't express , I can't find words idiom 1
tut m. [plural: tut Western plural: tut n]
! Ugh! I was so overjoyed that I can't mulberry tree, mulberry (fruit) mulberry tree
even express it. kind of mulberry tree mulberry without seeds
2 tob f. Toba (mountain, village in Baluchistan) black mulberry kind of
tobag r m. penitent person, repentant person mulberry literally He's not worth two
tavbkh m. Arabic scolding; rebuke; censure, reprimand mulberries. figuratively He's not worth two cents.
tavbikh reproving; disapproving grammar 2 tavt fried in oil, roasted in oil
form of the perfect expressing a shade of blame or censure 1 tot m. [plural: totj n] parrot
tobn m. infringement of the law, offense 2 tot f. regional vitriol
1 top m. military piece of ordnance, gun, cannon tutkhvr f. finch (the bird)
antiaircraft tavattr m. 1 tension 2 exhaustion
gun long-range gun a to fire from a tavatturijt m. Arabic medicine emaciation; asthenia (loss of
cannon b figurative to shoot off one's mouth, boast bodily strength) neurasthenia
to fire from a cannon tutj m. stammerer, stutterer
2 top m. 1 piece, item; piece (of textile) 2 ball, small ball totha f. flat and soft stone
1 tup n m. 1 storm, hurricane 2 figurative great totakarkj m. totakarj m. 1 male swallow 2 kind
achievements, remarkable matters 3 figurative misfortune, of fringe (girls' hair style)
disaster; unpleasantness idiom energetic person 1 tutka f. 1 larynx 2 conduit for millstones 3 reed pipe
2 tutka f. fascine, faggot, bundle of sticks
2 tup n m. colored trim (on a dress) 1 totakj m.
tupnch f. 2 totakj f. [plural: totakj plural: totakj ni]
tupn by the piece (of textiles) to sell barn swallow
textiles by the piece totlaj m. rag, cloth, pad (for removing a kettle from the fire)
topnj f. nonsense, foolishness totnaj m. small shovel of a salt worker
topbz f. game of ball to play ball totkaj m. totaj m. 1 shaving, filing 2 gold filings
topch m. military gunner, artilleryman tut 1 interjection cry used when calling chickens 2 m.
topkhn f. 1 artillery artillery fire 2 children's speech hen, bird
battery (artillery) totot cry used when calling a dog
top m. blow, jolt tut f. 1 bobbin, spool 2 1
tupk m. sheepskin coat, hareskin coat 1 tot m. [plural: totij n] parrot
209
2
ttaj ground, ground off, rounded off inflame a to warm up, be heated up b to become
totij f. chemistry zinc oxide zealous, liven up to encourage, incite someone to
tavadzhdzh f. tavadzhdzh Arabic attention with something 6 figurative to enliven, activate (e.g., trade) 7 to
great attention worthy of attention make tense, make bitter (a battle, struggle)
to turn your attention to something to 1
tud f. 1 heap, pile 2 embankment (of railroad, road) 3 hill;
devote proper attention to something burial mound 4 mountain-mass 5 mass (of people), crowd 6
You should pay attention to this question. to mound of sand (used as archery target) 7 the Tude party (in Iran)
attract attention to oneself 2 tavd f. onion soup
tavdzh tavdzhh Arabic 1 military laying (gunnery), aiming 3 tavd feminine singular of
(small arms) 2 settling (e.g., an argument) 3 regulating denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be warmed, be
(accounts, etc.) compound verb a to aim (guns) b to heated, warm up Heat the oven so that I
settle (e.g., an argument) c to regulate (accounts, etc.) can warm up. 2 to be heated (of a house, room) 3 figurative to
tavhd m. Arabic 1 unity, unification 2 standardization be warm, be cordial (e.g., of a reception, meeting) 4 figurative to
tavkhn f. be zealous, be arounsed, be agitated; grow lively; become inflamed
tokht f. calmness, restraint to become active; undertake some matter ardently 5
tokhraj m. tokh f. butter-milk, whey figurative to liven up, grow active (e.g., of trade) 6 figurative to
1 tokh m. plural the Tokhi tribe 2 tokhj m. Tokhi flare up, intensifly, become more bitter (of a battle, struggle)
(tribesman) tavde-sa f. plural trials, difficulties
tavkhr m. combing; scratching to experience a great deal in one's lifetime
tod tavd f. [plural: tvd m. plural: tavd] f. tavd' f. Arabic 1 deposit; depositing compound
1 hot a hot wind, sultry wind a burning verb to deposit 2 farewell, parting
wind hot water It's hot out today. 2 warm tavd' kavnkj m. depositor
(of clothing) 3 figurative warm, affable, cordial to m. loss
to greet someone warmly 4 figurative hot; fiery; 1 tor m. net, netting to catch a fish with a
animated; agitated They are arguing net a to cast out a net b
heatedly. animated conversation 5 figurative lively, figurative to arrange intrigues, set a trap for someone
boisterous (e.g., of trade) 6 figurative tense, heated, bitter (of a 2
tor m. 1 fear, fright 2 stubbornness, obstinacy a to
battle, struggle) a heatedly to take something fear, be frightened b to be stubborn, be obstinate, be
up b to become excited idiom a to take to someone, disagreedable
visit often, inform someone b to work earnestly 3
tor 1.1 black; dark blackboard dark night
tavdh m. tavdht m. 1 heat, sultriness 2 heating 1.2 dark-complexioned; sunburnt, brown; tanned
(up) 3 figurative warm greeting to He is very dark-complexioned. 1.3 covered (with clothing, of
greet someone very warmly parts of the body, in common law) 1.4 figurative guilty 1.5
tavdne f. oven, furnace figurative disgraced, shamed 2.1 m. [plural: torna]
todv laj m. 1 heat, sultriness 2 heating; heating up something black, black object [plural: torna] pupil
heating apparatus 3 figurative warmth, affability, cordiality pupil of the eye 2.2 ! You, my beloved!
4 figurative zeal; passion; liveliness; anxiety 5 figurative 2.3 [plural: tor n] dark-complexioned person, very dark
liveliness, activity (e.g., of trade) 6 figurative tension, bitterness skinned person 2.4 [plural: torna] figurative slander
(of a battle, struggle) to slander
tavdobn m. tavdobj m. bathhouse He is slandering me unjustly.
tavdkha f. tavdkha f. tavdkhe f. tavdkhe 1 On what charge did they arrest him? idiom
heat, sultriness; stuffiness It's hot today. 2 heating thick smoke a black day black market
(up) black earth obsolete numerous troops
tavdkaj 1 moderately hot 2 close, stuffy, stifling to be not
tavdavl denominative, transitive; past [past: ] 1 to overfond of, not to like someone to grow dark in one's
heat (up), warm to heat water 2 to fire up (e.g., an eyes to begin to
oven) I fired up the oven. 3 to heat, provide heat turn gray; age to oppress someone
4 figurative to make warm, make cordial (e.g., a meeting, tor f. obsolete slander, calumny
reception) 5 figurative to stimulate, arouse; upset; animate; 1 tur n m. history Turan
210
2 tor n m. black Kandahar grape torgraj

with a black beard
3 tor n plural of 3 2, 3 tor-spn m. 1 secret, something mysterious, suspicious
1 tor na f. Something's not right here. 2 literacy
2 tor na f. proper name Torana (ability to read and write) He can't read at
tornj m. 1 peevish person 2 scandalmonger; tale-bearer all. Thanks to my mother, I learned
torj f. to read.
torbkht unhappy, unfortunate torstrgaj black-eyed, dark-eyed
torbakhtv laj m. torbakht f. misfortune torsarka f. scarecrow
2 torbkhtaj torsre f. widow
torbkhn torbkhn blackish, somewhat black torsk dark-bay (horse's color)
torbkhj f. seam, stitch torsh n blackish, somewhat black
turbrh m. 1 saber rattling 2 bragging a to torghr Towr Ghar (mountain range)
rattle sabers, threaten war b to brag torghaj m. forearm
turburgalv f. torghunj f. Towraghondi, Tor Ghundai (a border
turbn m. turbine settlement)
torpostkaj torpstaj 1 black, colored 2 m. torghv m. oil for lamps; rape-oil, colza-oil
Black (person) torghvgaj 1.1 uneducated; stupid 1.2 disobedient 2 m.
torpekj f. proper noun Torpeki .1 uneducated person; stupid person 2.2 disobedient person 2.3
torpl m. military torpedo to torpedo caracal, steppe lynx, Felis caracal
turt m. direct person, candid person 1 tork m. proper noun Torak
tor-trk absolutely black, pitch-black, blacker than black 2 tvrk m. dismantling, unscrewing (of a gun)
black storm clouds 3 turk m. Turk
tortvd m. plural onion soup torki m. 1 soot, lamp-black 2 blight (disease of cereal
tortp m. grains)
tortpaj having a black birth mark torka f. black starling (the bird)
tor-talb 1 absolutely black, pitch-black, blacker than black 1 tork m.
2 burned to the ground to burn to the ground 2 torkj 1 black 2 m. .1 lure (for catching starlings) 2.2
the shish-kebab has burned idiom proper noun Torykaj 2.3 wheat infected with blight
With all my heart I pitied my friend. With all my heart I 3 torkj m. syllable ! Read by syllables!
became sorry for my friend. torg m.
tortm 1 darkness, elemental darkness torgl m. proper noun Torgul
The candle burned out, immediately darkness ensued. 2 torgamj m. obsolete
completely black, blackest black; very dark thick forest torl l m. variety of grape
tortp m. 1 torlshi m. plural variety of wheat with a black awn
tortejlaj very dark-complexioned to be very torlmaj m. 1 marten 2 dialect badger
dark-complexioned; get a deep suntan turm m. horn 1
tor-dzh n m. proper noun Torjan tormkhka f. custom where children carry an animal skin
torkhm m. Towr Kham (border point near Pakistan) stuffed with rags around the village and collect alms for the poor
torkhl m. [plural: torkhelna] plural male slave tormkhaj guilty; to blame, at fault
torkhla f. female slave 1 turn m. turn military captain; staff captain
tor darj b m. obsolete the Black Sea captain lieutenant-general
tordalj m. 1 small black bird related to the stonechat 2 2 torn m. obsolete 3 2
proper noun Tordalaj turndzh m. 2
toraj f. black wheat-ear (bird, member of chat family) tornagaj
torzaj pernicious; noxious turan f. rank of captain, title of a captain
turzm m. tourism torv laj m. 1 blackness 2 darkness of one's complexion
turzn 1 m. fine swordsman; brave person 2 brave, noble, torv ndzha f. nutmeg flower, Nigella sativa
courageous
turzntb m. courage, nobility, bravery
211
tor-u-br m. colloquial essence of the matter, heart of the tra tehta f. strong repulsion, strong adversion
matter to explain the heart of the matter to tra ukhla f.
someone tra drbil f. tra drb f.
tr-u-spn black and white (printer, TV) tra shma f. black tent (of nomads)
1 toravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tra gh a f. whooping cough
blacken; make dark, darken 2 figurative to discredit, blacken,
tra ghunj f. Towraghondi (border village)
smear; shame, disgrace 3 to write;
tra lhta f. botany round-leaved cotoneaster
cover with writing 4 to dye, darken (the eyebrows) idiom 1 1 tur m. tor plural Turi (tribe) 2 turj m. torj Turi
(tribesman)
to be guilty (of) to desolate a country, ravage a
nation
2
traj m. 1 letter to read letter by letter; read
toravl transitive [past: ] 1 to frighten away,
2 haltingly tri p tri ... to read carefully 2
scare off 2 figurative to repulse (by one's looks, by one's actions)
word to confirm one's own opinion
1
sword-belt
tra f. 1 saber; sword
3 tavri m. plural 1 home furnishings; household goods
hand-to-hand combat to draw (your) sword
to lead a nomadic life, migrate 2 mats
who lives by the sword, dies by 4 traj m. spleen
the sword a to draw one's sword b to rattle one's
5 torj m. torj f. botany loofah
saber, threaten war to fence to take up
6 tor restive; balky; shy This horse is restive.
the sword to be cut down, be chopped up
7 tri plural of 1
to cut up with swords to cut down, chop up; 8 tri f. plural 1 from 3 1 2 from 4, 5
slaughter to surrender, lay down arms
9 torj 1.1 black 1.2 dark-complexioned 2 m. dark-
complexioned person
to rattle with a sword 2 figurative valor, courage, bravery
He's a brave man. to be strong and brave; 10 torj f. horn (trumpet)
be valiant, be brave a to show valor, demonstrate
11 tre go away (or similar cry used to chase away a dog)
courage, exhibit bravery b to excel in something a to cut
12 tor plural of 2, 3
with a sword proverb
turjltj f. valor, courage, bravery
literally The young men cut with their sabers, but Sado receives
turjlj 1 valourous, brave, courageous 2 m. proper noun
Turjalaj
higher rank. He lets someone else do the dirty work. b figurative
to show valor, demonstrate courage, exhibit bravery idiom turjlitb m.
a heated argument was taking place a to torjj f. martin, swift (the bird)
boast, brag b to make a show of bravery c to grind water in a
tri ob f. plural 1 dark sea water 2 sea; ocean 3
regional exile, penal servitude 4 glaucoma
mortar; be engaged in a useless business
2
tor f. 1 detachment of warriors from the tribes to
tori ikj f. plural change, small change (coins)
have armed forces, have soldiers 2 nomads' camp 3 small village
1 tort tavrt m. Arabic religion Torah, Pentateuh
3
tor f. 1 concern; sadness 2 enmity, hostility 3 bile, gall
2 tavrt m. astrology
4
tra f. 1 obsolete coin with a value equal to 2 "paise"; penny
tri-tpi Eastern tre-tpe to beg, entreat,
request
2 wedding expenses (payment for musicians, etc.)
5
tra f. 1 hill, mound 2 agriculture fallow, land lying fallow
tavretn m. study of astrology, work in astrology
3 rain-cloud, storm-cloud
tavrtaj m. astrology
6 tra feminine singular of 3 1 tavrd m. Arabic import
tra an f. black drongo, Dicrurus 1 toredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1.1 to
blacken, grow dark, darken 1.2 figurative to be accused, be
tra buhajr f. the Black Sea
blamed 1.3 figurative to be disgraced, be shamed 2 m. plural
tra ba f. pitch darkness, outer darkness
tra bal f. 1 witch, hag 2 misfortune, calamity .1 darkening, dimness 2.2 eclipse lunar eclipse
2.3 figurative shame, disgrace
tra p a f. violet
tra tba f. 1 brucellosis 2 dialect typhus, spotted fever toredl intransitive [past: ]1 to be frightened 2 to
2
run away, flee (after being frightened) The quail

tra tatj f. blackbird
tra tj r 1 f. full darkness 2 attributive took fright and flew away. 3 to be stubborn This
horse is very restive.
dark cloud
212
tavridavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tavsedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to become

import impassioned, become excited; become irritated, become annoyed
turl m. military turret; ring mount 2 to strive for, wish for passionately 3 to fade (crops, due to lack
torijm m. plural chemistry thorium of precipitation) 4 to dry up (of milk in the breast)
turjm r m. horn-player, trumpeter toshd n m. regional military cartridge pouch
tushk m. reproach; blame, censure toshk m. 1 mattress 2 reversible rug
1 toj f. 1 aunt (on mother's side) to consider as an tavshl 1 shallow (of a dish, saucer) 2 flat-bottomed (of a
aunt; call auntie 2 aunt, auntie (as a familiar form of address) boat)
2
tuj 1 stammering tui to stammer, slutter 2 toshavl transitive [past: ] to set a dog onto
m. stammerer, stutterer tosh f. provisions for the road
tojzj m. cousin (son of mother's sister) toshakhn f. storeroom, pantry
tozj f. cousin (daughter mother's sister) tavshj m. 1 wooden bowl, wooden dish 2 fruit carried away
tuzn 1 base, ignoble 2 cowardly 3 figurative vain, futile, by the groom as he departs from the bride
unavailing a vain hope, futile hope 1
tavh m. steam; vapor water vapor; steam;
tavz' f. Arabic 1 spreading, dissemination 2 delivery, steaming
distribution, allocation (of income, etc.) compound verb 2 toh paying attention, attentive
a to spread, disseminate b to deliver, distribute; allocate 3 th m. computer science source, resource
compound verb a to be spread b to be allocated toh f.
tzhna f. meadow, (forest) glade tavhj f. stove, oven
tog l transitive [past: ] 1 to plane, shave; cut, hew 2 tavassl m. Arabic setting up of communication(s),
to grind, round off, machine 3 to scrape 4 figurative to sharpen,
establishment of contact to set up communication(s)
whet; polish, perfect
tavsf m. Arabic definition, characterization; description
tog le f. shaving, filing to define, characterize; describe
tog nd m. lathe operator, turner tavsij f. Arabic 1 recommendation, advice 2 will,
togndj m. plane (tool for planing wood)
testament a to recommand, advise b to leave (to),
tog na f. action noun from bequeath
tognaj m. scraper
tavsijanm f. letter of recommendation
tog j f.
1
tavazz Arabic religion ablution before prayer
2 tog present tense of tavz m. & f. tavzh Arabic m. [plural: tavziht] 1
1 tus m. sniffing of a track by a dog explanation, clarification 2 observation, note
2 tavs m. 1 powerful thirst 2 heat, sultriness, hot spell compound verb to explain, clarify compound verb to
3 tos m. slice of white-bread toast become clear, be explained to provide
tavasst m. Arabic mediation, assistance, aid explanations
with someone's help
tautij f. Arabic intrigue; machinations
tavsi' f. Arabic 1 spread, dissemination; broadening 1 tugh m. togh 1 banner 2 hackberry tree, Celtis
to be spread, be disseminated; broaden 2 togh m. entertainment arranged by an intermediary to
to develop, broaden, expand something 2 extent, stretch 3
reconcile hostile parties
expansion to strive for expansion
tughl m. toghm m. 1 sweat-cloth, saddle-cloth 2 long
tavassl m. Arabic fastening, uniting; connecting, linking drawn-out rain
1 tosn reason, cause tughm f. anger, wrath to put into a rage, anger
2 tosn m. spirited steed to fly into a rage, become angry
3 tusn m. 1 bloodhound 2 greedy person tughman k enraged; angry
1 tavsnd burning from the heat (hot weather) tughandj m. rocket, missile space rocket
2 tusnd 1.1 greedy 1.2 voluptuous 2 m. bloodhound rocket carrier
tusandk m. 1 bloodhound 2 greedy person; grasping 1 tughavl 1 transitive; past tense [past: ] .1 to
person, money-grubber
drag along the ground 1.2 to throw away, toss 1.3 to put (into
tavsavl transitive [past: ] to evoke a strong desire
orbit, e.g., a spaceship) to put into orbit 2 m. plural
tsa f. means; facilities; rememdy
213
.1 dragging along the ground 2.2 throwing away, tossing (away) Eastern proverb one should not be
2.3 putting into (orbit) rocket carrier reproached for a good deed
2 tughavl transitive dialect [past: ] to steal, rob 1
tavakkul chance, accidental; done at random chosen at
tughavna f. 1 2 random
1 tgha f. expiation of guilt 2 tuklaj past participle of 2
2 togh f. fig, fig tree 1 tukm m.
1 tughedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be dragged along 2 tukm first person present of 2
the ground 2 to be thrown, be tossed (away) 3 to be put (into 1 tuk f. swearing, verbal abuse, bad language
orbit, e.g., of a space ship) 2 tukaj f.
2
intransitive [past: ] 1 to be stolen 2 to leave tukavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 2
surreptitiously; slip away figurative to speak inopportunely
tavf m. Arabic [plural: tavfina Arabic plural: 1 tka f. advantage, profit, use
tavfi t] 1 favor; mercy; charity 2 success; realization of 2 tok f. corn-cob
one's desires 3 settlement, arrangement, agreement 4 proper 3 tuk imperfective imperative of 2
noun Tevfik 1 tokj m. 1 kind, type 2 thing
tava' f. Arabic m. [plural: tava' t] expectation, 2 tki f. plural computer science elements
hope despite one's expectation 3 tuk present tense of
in spite of all expectations tki-tki 1 curled in ringlets (of hair) 2 different,
to hope (for)
various, varied
tavaf m. Arabic stop, delay tukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be spit
quickly, without delay to linger, tarry
out
tavaufg h m. stopping-place; stop, parking space tkj f. Tokyo
tavf f. Arabic 1 arrest 2 hold-up, delay (of baggage, tog m.
goods, etc.) 3 stopping, delaying compound verb
1 tog f. Togo
compound verb military idiom 2 tgo oblique plural of
defensive fire togolnd m. 1
tavifavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to tga f. 1 method, way; type, kind in such
arrest 2 to delay (baggage, goods, etc.) 3 to stop, hold up
a way, thus What sort of a person is he?
tavfedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
regularly, evenly, directly good, fine in a
be arrested 2 to be delayed (of baggage, goods, etc.) 3 to be
different way, variously for example, as an example
stopped; stop
2 part; component this medicine consists of
1
tuk m. spit, spittle to spit idiom to
three components
endure, bear, suffer, stand
togj m. 1 group, row, line (of people) 2 part; component
2 tok m. 1 tol m. weight atomic weight by weight,
tukj f. 1 spittoon 2 kind of children's game according to weight to weigh idiom astronomy
tkbns m. computer science database the Scales, Libra to weigh, consider, think over
tkpa f. computer science toolbar each word
tokrkaj m. tavkrkaj 1 broken piece of pottery 2 fragment 2
tul m. 1 grain (almost ripe) 2 field; melon patch 3 fixed
to crack; fall to pieces property rich man, person of property
tokraj m. tavkraj fragment to break off a tul m. 1 2 rolling down (from a hill)
3
fragment 4 tval 1 equal (in weight) to balance 2 m. balance,

tokaj m. scraper equilibrium to preserve a balance
1 tavakkl m. Arabic 1 hope to hope (for), tul n m. literally the walk of a partridge figurative graceful
count on (someone) 2 proper noun Tavakkul walk
tukl transitive [past: ] to spit, spit out
2
tulj mattress
to spit idiom to commit a tavalld m. Arabic birth compound verb to be born
blunder, play the fool tulk m. molt, molting (of birds)
to reproach for some good that's been done tulka f. whistle, pipe
214
tolgr m. weigher tumb r m. instigation to instigate, incite

tulnd adjective rolling down tumbskaj m.
tulnda f. widgeon (a kind of duck) tomt m.
tvalv laj m. equilibrium, balance 1 tumn m.
1 tolavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to weigh 2 tumn m. warm milk
2 tvalavl transitive [past: ] to balance 3 tumn m. grain for sowing
3 tulavl transitive [past: ] to roll (something) tvmna f. tmna 1 ferment, leaven a
1 tolavna f. action noun from 1 ferment for cheese to ferment, leaven 2 figurative
2 tvalavna f. action noun from 2 essence, substance 3 3
3 tulavna f. action noun from 3 tomnagij tomnagij h f. botany ascomycetes (a class of
1 tul f. 1 siren, horn, whistle 2 pipe, fife 3 anatomy fungi)
auditory passage 4 tube, pipe tubular tumaj warm, lukewarm
2 tol f. tola (an Indian measure of weight equal to the weight tm f. 1 2 falcon feed 3 fatty piece of meat
of a silver rupee, 180 grains) 1 tun m. obsolete 1 homeland, motherland 2 dwelling, abode
3 tvla feminine singular of 4 1 without kith or kin, stateless; homeless
1 tulj m. inflorescence, plume of a reed or rush 2 tvan m. hut, shack, hovel
2 tul plural of 1 3 tun m. toona, Cedrela toona
3 tol plural of 2 tn suffix of masculine nouns 1 indicates abstract notions and
4 tulj f. 1 fife, reed pipe 2 flue 3 spent cartridge idiom condition widowhood 2 dwelling-place, receptacle
windpipe ant-hill sheath, scabbard kindergarten
5 tolj f. 1 scales (for weighing silk) 2 root of paddy rice ton zh m. tonnage
6 tavlj f. cup, piala (i.e., Asian handleless cup) tonbi m. singular & plural 1 thread of combed (refined)
tavlij f. towel cotton 2 combing of cotton (before spinning) to comb
tavld m. Arabic 1 production, manufacture cotton (before spinning)
production of electric energy 2 birth tnda f. 1 food, dish 2 enmity, hostility
tavlid t m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 product; 1 tauns m. wrath, anger, rage
production social product 3 birthrate 2 tuns m. Tunisia the city of Tunis
tavlid t industrial enterprises 1 tavng m. 1 basket with a cover (for clothing); cardboard
productive forces box (for ribbons, etc.) 2 pan, tray (of a baker)
1 tvaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to 2 tung m. tuvng 1 storehouse, depository 2 clay pitcher
balance, be balanced 3 tung sparse, scattered, strewn about
2 tuledl intransitive [past: ]to roll (somewhere) tnga f. maiden
tavlidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 1 tongj m. tavangj basket, purse, small case
produce, manufacture 2 tngi plural of
tavlidavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. .1 tunl m. tunnel
producer; sire 2.2 technology generator tvna f.
tavlid 1 production; productive means of to f. exterior, outside
production industrial relations 2 figurative fruitful toj f. 1 suitcase 2 cupboard, enclosed shelf
tavlidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to tovl transitive
be produced, be manufactured 2 to arise, spring up, be created 1 tva f. dregs of milk
tavlij f. towel 2 tva f. small bank, small earthen wall (for holding back water
1 tum r m. in a field)
2 tum r m. 1 itch; urge 2 scab, rash 3 tav f. mulberry tree
tumsh f. 4 tav f. taste (for something); desire, inclination
tum n m. 1 twenty rupees one hundred toh m. upas-tree, Antiaris toxicaria
twenty afghanis 2 toman, tuman (Persian, Iranian monetary unit) tavahhm m. Arabic 1 imagination 2 supposition; suspicion
3 history ten thousand 4 history region, province 3 superstition
tumnch f. pistol, revolver tauhn m. Arabic insult
tumnd r m. leader of a tribe (among the Baluchis) 1 tvaj m. herd of goats
215
2
toj 1.1 poured (out); spilled 1.2 strewn, scattered 1.3 we sit at the table everyone sat at the
knocked down (of fruit from trees) 1.4 dropped (e.g., of a bomb) table h indicates the time of an action or a certain period of time:
1.5 cast (of type-face) 2 m. .1 stream 2.2 channel, bed (along (on) the next day; (on) the next morning; next morning i
which runs a stream) idiom to be lost, perish for nothing indicates appearance, likeness with someone or something:
3 toj m. 1 He takes after his mother.
toj lka f. kettle, boiler He's the image of Asaf.
toj-tj interjection oh-oh tahdzhm m. Arabic [plural: tahdzumna Arabic
tojnd pouring (forth), spilling (out), flowing (out) plural: tahdzhum t] attack; invasion; intrusion
tojavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to pour; to attack; invade; intrude
spill 2 to stew, scatter 3 to knock down (fruit from trees); shake tahtr m. Arabic clearing (of accounts); clearing account,
down (leaves) 4 to drop (e.g., bombs) 5 to cast (type-face) idiom paper transfer
to spill one's blood for the fatherland thn m. 1 2 cattle-shed, cow-house, pig-sty
tojavna f. 1 pouring out; spilling 2 strewing, scattering 3 tahn f.
dropping (e.g., of bombs) 4 casting (type-face) tahnad r m.
tojedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be tah f. 1 gate; barrier; outpost 2 border post, police post
poured, pour, spill, overflow 2 to fall, flow (into, of a river) 3 to tahad r m. chief of an outpost, head of a border station
scatter, be scattered, be strewn 4 to be knocked down (of fruit); to tahadzhdzh f. Arabic reading by syllables, reading haltingly
fall (of leaves) 5 to be dropped (e.g., of bombs) 6 to be cast (of to read haltingly, spell out
type-face) 7 to fall out (of teeth) 8 to wear out (of clothing, tahkhn f. cellar, basement
shoes) tahd b m. tad v tahd j m. 1 foundation (of a
tojedna f. action noun tojed m. action noun plural building) the ceremony of laying the cornerstone (of
from bloodletting, bloodshed a building) 2 figurative basis, foundation
1
tah f. 1 fold, bend 2 bottom, underside idiom feet up a to lay the foundation (of a building); lay a foundation, establish a
to dig up, to dig across (a garden, etc.) basis
2
t Eastern imperfect of 1 tahdd m. Arabic [plural: tahdidna Arabic plural:
3
t proper name second person singular you (direct form) a as tahdid t] 1 threat; scare despite threats
subject of an action with intransitive verbs in all tenses and with to threaten 2 danger
transitive verbs in present and future tenses, and also in the tahdidmz tahdidmza threatening
imperative mood: What are you saying? tahdidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
Will you leave? You go! You, probably, threaten
are our teacher? b as object of the action in an ergative tahzb m. Arabic 1 culture, civilization 2 improvement in
construction: Who woke you up? manners; moral upbringing
4
ta postposition in connection with the preposition ;or without tahzib Arabic cultural, cultured cultural ties
it; a indicates the addressee of an action: I am speaking a cultured life, refined life; cultural life
to you. I sent Ahmed the letter. b indicates the tehr n m. Tehran (city)
place to which an action is directed: They are going tahlik f. tahluk 1 destruction, ruin; death 2 agony, death
to Paghman. Take this letter to the post pangs
office. I am going to work. to go out tahlikad r destructive, perditious; dangerous
onto the street We are going home. c indicates the tuhmt m. tomt tohmt Arabic 1 accusation, blame 2
location of something: south of the Pamirs slander a to accuse (of something)
Tajikistan is located north b to slander (someone) to blacken, censure, critize 3
of Afghanistan. d indicates the person or object toward which an suspicion
action is directed: he came to his father tuhmat tomat tohmat 1.1 suspicious 1.2 defamed,
to lift bread to your mouth e indicates the object for which discredited; slandered 2 m. slanderer
some action is undertaken tahn deep (e.g., a gully, river)
for each grain and plant the ground is plowed differently f thna f. 1 hollow area, low-lying area; swampy region 2
indicates the goal or purpose of an action: I came slope; inclination, descent
here for water. I came to inform you. g
indicates the place near which something is happening:
216
tih 1 empty 2 figurative vain, idle idiom make obscure b to darken, cloud to grow dark, become
a to refrain from something b to move away, keep aloof from dark, darken idiom depression, dejection, despondency
something tajrj m. tajr f. 1 preparation preparation
tihidim gh 1 stupid 2 vacuous, shallow (of a person) for an examination preparations for a holiday
thedl intransitive [past: ]to tremble, shiver
tahj f. tahij Arabic 1 procurement, purchase (of provisions) to prepare, ready (oneself) train He
2 finding (of means) 3 preparation, training (of personnel) prepared for his examinations. 2 preparedness 3 procurement
compound verb a to purchase, procure (provisions) b to (e.g., of produce) 4 provision, fitting out (with); acquisition (of)
obtain acquire (means) c to prepare, teach (personnel) (something needed for a household)
to prepare teachers compound verb a to be tajredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
purchased b to be obtained (means) c to be trained; train, prepare prepare (oneself), get ready, train ! Western At ease!
oneself (personnel) (command) 2 to be manufactured, be processed 3 to put on
1
taj m. [plural: ti plural: tajna] nipple (of the weight, grow stout
breast); breast to suckle ti ti tajred m. plural 1 preparation 2 manufacture, processing
to wean she has lost her milk idiom tj lka tj lka f.
to fraternize with someone tj nsh n m. Tien Shan (mountains)
2
te f. te, name of the letter tebn m. religion ablution with sand to perform
3
te contraction a the pronouns and Do you ablution with sand
see him? b the postposition and the pronoun 1
tip m. 1 row to form rows, line up in ranks 2
Take this book, carry it to Omar. detachment; squadron
4
te Eastern 5 2
tip m. 1 type (model) a new model car 2
5
tj Western dialect imperfect of 1
literature type
tj suffix of feminine nouns, indicates abstract concepts or an tipch f. hunting bird-call (for quail)
abstract condition a facilitation; relief b lightness; tit 1 scattered, dispersed 2 widespread, instilled
easiness c privilege; advantage 3 military line (formation), extended order (formation)
tjtr m. theater tit n m. titanium
taj r 1 ready, prepared Dinner is ready. 2 tetns m. tetanus

finished, completed 3 agreeable, ready (for something) ... tit-patrk tit-park 1 dispersed, driven off 2
We are ready to go in order to ; We agree that 4 routed, defeated a to disperse, drive off b to rout,
stout, full; obese, corpulent idiom He has gone defeat
completely mad. That's sure death. titrj f. marinated mushrooms
tijrkhr m. 1 parasite, sponger, idler 2 person provided titv laj m. 1 scattering, dispersing; disseminating 2
with full support (lodging, food and sometimes clothing) 3 spreading, instilling 3 absent-minded, inattention
regional servants (of a khan, etc.) tit-u-park
tajravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to titavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to scatter,
prepare (food) 2 to train, prepare someone, prepare something disseminate 2 to spread, instill 3 to determine, regulate (the flow
to be prepared, be trained 3 to stock up, procure 4 to of gas, steam, etc.)
force, encourage Love for his son forced 1 ti-t interjection cry used when calling chickens
him to go to all lengths. 5 to feed (cattle) 2 titj f. children's speech baby chick
tajravna f. 1 preparation, training 2 procurement titedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
tir tj r tir 1 f. darkness full darkness scattered, be disseminated 2 to be spread (around), be instilled;
tir it became pitch black, it was pitch black spread, take root 3 to be determined, be regulated (of a supply of
Everything grew dark before her eyes. gas, steam, etc.)
. titikk f. Titicaca (lake on the border of Peru and Bolovia)
proverb literally in part it was dark, in part grandma herself was tedzl transitive [past: ] to force to run, to drive,
late figurative there were a lot of different reasons 2 attributive chase
adjective dark; immersed in darkness dark evening tetsl transitive [past: ] 1 to pierce, run through 2 to
until late at night a to darken, make dark, drill, bore through 3 to stab, spear (someone) 4 to stuff, fill 5 to
devour
217
tetsna f. 1 piercing, running through 2 drilling 3 stabbing trsu numeral obsolete three hundred
(of someone) 4 stuffing, filling tersulj m. leftovers, scraps (of fodder)
1 tetsj f. auger; drill terghaml m. terghamj m. oppression; violence,
2 tets present tense of force
tekhnk m. tirk m. axle (of a millstone)
tekhnikd n tirksh m. tirkh m. architecture embrasure;
tekhnik military loophole, embrasure
tajkhraj m. nursing baby trga f. 1 partition 2 rope with which the crupper is attached
1 tir m. [plural: tir n] 1 arrow; shaft 2 log; beam, girder to the saddle blanket
3 mast 4 firing, shooting; a shot termtj m. pony
2
ter 1.1 past; last last year
last time terna f. 1 passing, going past 2 forgiveness, pardon 3
late evening; late in the evening last night, oppression
yesterday evening last week old times, times tjar regional oblique plural of
long past These are matters of days long tervt m. plural 1 deception 2 error; oversight; mistake
past. 1.2 passed, spent (of time) 1.3 devoted, loyal, true 1.4 ter-u-br 1.1 more or less suitable; approximate 1.2
near, close close; dear ! Dear father! changing, alternating to change, alternate 2 sooner or
1.5 sacrificing sacrificing everything later
He is sacrificing himself in the name of the terwat pa f. computer science error bar
Motherland. 1.6 renouncing (something), denying oneself
tervatl intransitive [present: past: ] 1 to be
(something) 2 m. regional deception to deceive idiom deceived; err, be mistaken 2 to examine, look over; over look
notwithstanding; moreover tervatna f. action noun from
1

proverb you cannot turn back the past to finish with
misprints, errata
the past, bury the past exceptional, unusual; huge
2 tervatna f. computer science bug (i.e., error)
let bygones be bygones terr m. terror
3 tir m. bare mountain-top tervarj m. very light load sent well in advance during a
tir f. move (by nomads)
1 ter n 1 permitted; accepted, usual; popular, current 2
teravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to spend
1
current
(time) to spend one's leave in the
2 tir n plural of 1 mountains He spent three days there.
tirn f. Tirana (capital, Albania) to have fun, amuse oneself 2 to lead across
tirnd z m. shot from a bow to lead cattle across the river 3 to suffer, endure, bear
tirndz f. shooting from a bow to endure difficulties, suffer deprivation 4 to
tirv l m. invariable plural inhabitant of the Tirah region introduce (facts, data); to quote to give examples
(western Pakistan)
to quote a proverb to tell tales 5 to swallow
tir h m. Tirah (region in western Pakistan) He swallowed the pill. 6 to strain, filter 7 to pass
teristl transitive [present: past: past: off as something to pass something off as
] to deceive, fool; delude, mislead one's own idiom to scrutinize; look over
teristna f. error, delusion the sins of He told how the matter stood.
youth
2 teravl denominative, transitive 1 and 1
terist m. plural deception, swindling, cheating tern m.
tir 1 of Tirah, from Tirah population of Tirah, ternaj near, close, native, own; dear He
inhabitants of Tirah 2 m. inhabitant of Tirah
is dearer to them than I am. terni close relatives
terbalj f. end of a beam which juts out from a porch or wall tajrvaj m. 1 nursing baby 2 suckling
terbzaj m. kind of stitch idiom to do tervestna f.
somehow or other, do any old way
1 ter ter f. m. [plural: ter f. plural: ter] 1
tirpart b m. 1 distance an arrow flies 2 sharp, biting ter sharp knife ter sharp
tiradzhmr m. Tirajmir (mountain) saber 2 penetrating; fixed, intent ter intent look 3
tirrs sharp, caustic ter He has a sharp
tersarj m. bridle
218
tongue. 4 harsh, coarse ter a harsh word 5 bold, surpass to be excessive, exceed 1.9 to forgive
decisive 6 clever, quick a bold person, decisive person He forgave him his fault. 1.10 to be acknowledged;
b clever person a to sharpen ter to sharpen be famed, be renowned 1.11 to ignore, forget about (something)
a saber b to make penetrating; make intent c to make sharp, You have forgotten about honor.
make caustic d to make harsh, make crude e to make bold, make Everyone was telling the truth. 1.12 to
decisive f. to make clever, make quick a to be sharp, be be swallowed 1.13 to be in foal, be in yean 2 m. plural
biting; become sharp, become pointed ter a idiom He has died, he's departed
the knife has been sharpened well b to be penetrating c to gaze this world.
intently d to be sharp, be caustic e to be harsh, be coarse f. to be teredna f. selflessness
clever, be quick terednkaj 1 present participle of 2 passing,
2
tra 1 feminine singular of 2 in the past, changeable, transitory, liable to decay 3 m. passerby
formerly 2 oblique singular of 2 since last year terednaj 2
idiom particularly, in particular; tered m. plural 1 passing, proceeding, movement
especially (since) particularly from movement along a canal
the day when in the course of six months 2 outstripping;
3 tir 1 dark (in color) 2 gloomy, dismal, somber forestalling 3 infringement, encroachment 4 refusal (of
tertb m. 1 sharpness (e.g., of a knife) 2 intentness (e.g., something) self-sacrifice
of a gaze) 3 sarcasm 4 harshness, coarseness 5 boldness, teraj kavnkaj m. 1 transgressor 2 user of force;
decisiveness 6 cleverness, quickness violator 3 aggressor
terkv m. plural sharpening terajv l m. aggressor
terv laj m. tre-vre rags
ter-hr long-past, forgotten 1 tez m.
terj m. 1 exceeding, excess 2 violation 3 outstripping; 2 tez 1 sharp, pointed; cutting 2 caustic, burning hot 3 fast,
forestalling 4 violence; oppression 5 encroachment, infringement swift 4 quick-moving 5 harsh, coarse; persistent 6 bright (of
(e.g., upon someone's rights) 6 aggression a to go color, light) bright light 7 sharp (of thinking, hearing,
beyond what is permissible, do something uncalled for seeing) He had a sharp mind. He was smart.
You spoke with him harshly and went He's sharp. He hears well. He
too far. b to exceed, surpass c to violate d to outstrip, overtake has keen eyesight. 8 penetrating, sharp 9 deep (of feelings)
to overtake someone in studies e to 3 tiz m. vulgar farting to fart
commit violence; oppress f to infringe, encroach (e.g., upon tez b m. 1 nitric acid 2 mordant; pickle, dip
someone's rights) to infringe upon tiz rtaj tizv
someone's rights; make an attempt on someone's life g to commit tezpr 1 swift in flight 2 m. pratincole (a swallow-like shore
aggression idiom a to be bird of the genus Glareola)
impertinent (to) b to say too much I teztgaj swift, rapid (of a current)
suffered greatly. I endured much. tezraft r passenger (conveyance) passenger car,
teredl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] .1 to pass automobile
(of time) a year passed 1.2 to go past, cross tizrg m. 1 ankle-bone 2 military tumbler (part of the lock
to go along the street, pass down the street ! of a machine-gun)
Pass! to cross the border go tezs m. 1 thesis 2 dissertation to write a
along the left side, keep to the left He dissertation
passed by and didn't notice me. to move back and tezfkr quick (to understand), bright, clever
forth, scurry about; travel about, move around 1.3 to flow (of a tezfhm intelligent, bright, keen-witted
river) The Arghandab flows through tezfahm f. intelligence; brightness, quickness (of wit)
Kandahar. 1.4 to occur, take place 1.5 to cross something tezalm m. ironic hack writer
to cross a river 1.6 to sacrifice tezl transitive
to sacrifice life and property, sacrifice everything tizn 1 vulgar one who fouls the air 2 m. coward
to sacrifice oneself 1.7 to decline, turn down (something); tezandj m. tezandj f. 1 noose (for hanging) 2
renounce to renounce one's own demonds lasso
He has renounced the throne. 1.8 to exceed,
219
tezv laj m. 1 sharpness (e.g., of a knife) 2 causticity, tegh m. 1 scimitar; sword; blade 2 edge (of a knife, etc.) 3
hotness 3 swiftness, impetuousness tezv li very sprout, shoot a to cut with a saber b to sprout, put out
quickly 4 harshness, coarseness 5 energy, drive, push 6 sprouts
brightness (of light, color) 7 keenness (of mind, hearing, sight) 8 tghna f. 1 iron frying pan (for baking flat cakes) 2 sword,
sharpness, ability to penetrate 9 strength, intensity saber 3 shoot, sprout to sprout, put out sprouts
tezavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to sharpen 1
tujghn m. 1 white hawk, white falcon (or similar bird of
2 to make caustic 3 to quicken (steps); speed up; drive faster prey with white coloration) 2 albino (animals)
(e.g., a car) 4 to make harsh, make coarse 5 to sharpen, intensify; 2
teghun tighn 1.1 golden-winged 1.2 shining 2 m. blade
strain (thought, hearing, sight) 6 to refresh one's memory, repeat of Damascus, patterned steel; sword (of Damascus steel)
to report one's lessons 7 to make sharp, make 2 tegh f. 1 edge (of a knife, etc.) 2 blade
penetrating 8 to increase, add on (light, fire) tif f. tifod m. typhoid (fever)
tza 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. rapid reading tajjan m. Arabic affirmation grammar
tez f. affirmative words, particles
tezedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 1
tjak 1 sticking up, sticking out 2 tall, strapping 3 extended,
sharp, be pointed 2 to be caustic, be burning hot 3 to quicken the stretched 1
pace, speed up 4 to hurry 5 to grow stronger (of the wind) 6 to 2 tek ! military Return sabers! (as a command)
increase, grow brighter (of light); flare up (of flame) 7 to be tjakv laj m. 1 tallness, height 2 quality of being stretched
sharp, be keen (of thought, hearing, sight) or drawn out
tigka
f. sharp wooden strip or chip (used as a knife) tjakavl denominative, transitive [past:
1
] 1 to
tga f. 1 stone; cobble-stone; boulder mill-stone stand on end 2 to stretch out, draw out, extend
granite coal a stone house tekavl transitive [past: ] to put into its sheath (a
2
a stone in the road b figurative obstacle, hindrance saber)

precious stone a to turn over a stone b figurative to take 1
tik f. 1, 2
an important step c figurative to rejoice, be glad to 2
tjka feminine singular of 1
lay a stone (marking the ending of military action and a peace 3
tka f. tkaj m. 1 sheath, scabbard 2 biology shell,
agreement, a practice in former times) to put a membrane
stop to some business a to throw a stone; toss a stone tjakedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to stick
(as a sport) b figurative to get something out of your head, forget out 2 to grow (of people, animals) 3 to stretch, extend
about it to break up a stone (indicating a resumption of tekr m. 1 searching for lice 2 pursuit, chase
hostilities) Eastern to squeeze butter from to purse someone 3 attention
stone, do the impossible Eastern proverb tig f. 2
to kill two birds with one stone 2 rock sedimentary tigrs m. Tigris (River)
rock 3 medicine stones stones in the urinary tract tegusiglpa f. Tegucigalpa (capital, Honduras)
He has stones in his liver. 1 tga f. Eastern
tes m. 1 dissertation doctoral dissertation 2 2 tig f. shortness of breath to be short-winded idiom
thesis to be impatient; be nervous
tes f. economy, thrift tel m. usually plural 1 oil
tesh m. plowshare vegetable oil cottonseed oil rapeseed oil
teshkhvlj m. cone-shaped hood, cowl linseed oil sesame seed oil 2 petroleum
tesh f. adze idiom to work for oneself (oil) crude oil a buttermaking, dairy work
tehtavl transitive dialect b extraction of crude oil oil-carrying ship
thta f. flight, escape to oil-processing plant 3 fuel; gasoline; kerosene
run, flee to put to flight to gasoline pump to turn off a motor
save oneself by flight idiom proverb literally telpka f. cap
cannot be passed by figurative whatever will be, will be teld r 1 oil-bearing 2 oily; relating to butter or crude oil
tehtidz j m. refuge, harbor teldn f. oil can, lubricator
tehtedl intransitive dialect ti larnkaj ti larnki mammals
teliskp m. telescope
220
telifn m. telifn 1 telephone by telephone timbuzk m. tembuzk 1 bridge (of the nose) 2 snout,
radiotelephone 2 conversation over the phone muzzle; figurative mug 3 bridle
You're wanted on the phone. to talk by phone; timbzaj m. tembzaj snout, muzzle; figurative mug
telephone call him by phone tinterk m. dragon-fly
telifunnkhn f. telifonkhna telephone central office, tind ra f. aunt (father's brother's wife)
telephone exchange tindk m. 1 jump, skip, hop 2 stumbling to

telifun telifon 1 adjective telephone stumble a to jump, leap b to stumble
telephone communication radiotelephone to run bending to the ground from time to time; make a
telephoned message, phonogram to rush 3 colloquial snag, obstacle; failure
telephone 2 m. telephone operator tindka f. 1 stream 2 fountain to gush out (in a
telkash f. butter-making; oil manufacture stream), well up
teligr f m. 1 telegraph 2 tindlk stumbling, halting
teligrf 1 adjective telegraph, telegraphic 2 m. tindbaj m.
telegraphist, telegraph operator tindraj m. tindaj m. nose cartilage, nose septum
teligr m m. telegram tindaj m. anatomy helix (folded rim of cartilage around
tel f. 1 binding the teats of the ewe or she-goat (so that the the outer ear)
lambs or kids will not take milk) 2 bandage or dressing on the tindvaj m. cartilage
breasts of a nursing mother (so the baby will not feed there) tens m. tennis
tel vnkaj tank truck; (gasoline) fueling tenkj m.
truck tanker teng m. 1 coffin; grave 2 burial
televizjn m. tilivizjn 1 television 2 television set 1 tingj m. dish, plate
to turn the TV on to turn the TV off 2 tingj m. blow (flick of the fingers) to the forehead
til f. cord of golden thread, golden lace; golden braid tenavl m. Tanaol (khanate of Amb)
tilad ra gold-embroidered skull cap (as worn in tjub m. 1 tire inner tube 2 tube (of toothpaste, etc.)
Central Asia) tajvr having nipples
1
tilj m. Eastern 1 match to light a match teor f. [plural: teorig ni] theory
2 box of matches 3 tvza f. cave
2
tel 1 m. Eastern dealer in dry or salted foods (and also tjerr del-fugo f. Tierra del Fuego (archipelago,
chemicals) 2.1 adjective kerosene kerosene lamp 2.2 southermost tip of South America)
adjective oil tejl transitive [past: ] to fry, simmer (in oil)
3
telj f. small bag, pouch (for money); purse tejli f. plural fried liver; fried giblets
4
telj f. oil-can, lubricator tejnkaj m.
5
tilj f. Western 1 1 tejnaj m. quantity of peas, etc., cooked at one time in a
6
tilj f. 1 large flat-slice (e.g., of a melon) 2 match 3 frying-pan
splinter, chip (of wood) 2 tejni f. plural
telefn tilifn m. tejnivl m. seller of liver, vendor of giblets
telefonkhn f. tilifunkhn tajj f. wet nurse
telefon tilifun
tjam colloquial contraction of the pronouns , and the
conjunction ! You also ask!
tim r m. timrdr f. 1 caring for a sick person 2 e the fifth letter of the Pashto alphabet
tending a horse (covering it with a horse-cloth, etc.) a to b m. regret, repentance
care for a sick person b to tend a horse blet m. tablet, pill
timbuzk m. 1 p m. 1 2
timch f. handbag, rug (given by villagers to a bride) 2 p m. regional 1 top, top part (of a carriage) 2 lid, cover
tajamm m. Arabic religion ablution with sand to pp m. pp m. 1 sluggishness; inertia 2
perform the ritual of ablution with sand shuffling (slippers, etc.) 3 man of declining years; old man, elder
tajman m. plural Taimani (a tribal group) pl transitive [past: ] 1 to mark, note, mark off 2 to
timr m. proper noun Timur stamp, brand 3 to emasculate, castrate
221
plaj 1 past participle of 2 marked, branded m. 3

pndz j m. r tr
pna f. 1 stamping, branding 2 emasculation, castration, 1 k m. Bengali quince, Aegle marmelos
gelding 2 k m. 3
p m. [plural: pug n plural: pu n] 1 island 3 k sour
2 bank, sandbank 4 k marked, branded (of cattle)
pra f. washboard, scubbing board (for laundry) kk m. utensils, household goods and chattel; decor,
poj f. crutches furniture to obtain utensils
pavl transitive kr 1 old, decrepit 2 m. old man, elder
puvzma f. peninsula ks m. regional tax; assessment
p f. 1 seal, stamp to seal 2 mark, brand 3 trace tkl transitive [past: ] 1 to establish, fix; determine
design (for embroidery) a to fix a time b to set a watch, clock 2 to
pars m. sunflower appoint (e.g., to a post); choose 3 to select, pick (people) 4 to
1 paj m. 1 time, period pi in one's time 2 assign to do something, designate for some duty or other 5 to
medicine crisis 3 friendship, connection with someone stamp, brand, mark a to be established, be fixed; to be
2
paj m. seal engraver, engraver of seals determined b to be destined for something
pj f. 1 1, 2 2 mark or seal on a pile of threshed
3
tklaj past participle of kli at the
grain (placed in order to guard against misappropriation) appointed time according to a
pi- pi packed, chock-full, full to overflowing predetermined (worked out in advance) program; according to plan
pedl intransitive knda diurnal solar maximum; hottest part of the
1 m. .1 boasting, bragging 1.2 foppery, dandyism day; extreme heat
a to brag, boast b to be a fop, play akna f. 1 establishment, determination 2 assignment (to a
the dandy post, duty)
2 m. 1 canvas; sacking 2 oilcloth 1
k m. 1 thief 2 robber
ka f. 2
ak m. 1 foot-and-mouth disease 2 cattle plague, cattle
tv laj m. 1 incline, declivity 2 curvature murrain; epizootic 3 figurative misfortune, disaster
ob m. 1 rest, peace to rest 2 life, existence 3
k 1 importunate, tiresome, troublesomely insistant (of a
a to rest b to quiet c to live, exist person) 2 intriguer, schemer
ba f. baj m. 1 home, residence ak-u-k m.
orphan asylum; children's home 2 base (e.g., aviation) 3 bed (of kr m. 1
a river) k imperfective of
ka f. 1 kj f. 1 patch (on footgear, of leather or rubber) 2 cork 3
avl denominative [past: ] 1 to coddle, care for 2 ripened boil, furuncle 4 overfed person 5 overfed, surfeited cattle
incline, bend 3 to bow, bend, curve _ a to swell, swell up b to overeat 6 reservoir, water
suitable, proper, appropriate storage basin
m. fop, dandy 2 k present tense of
2 atj 1 f. .1 lullaby, cradle song 1.2 cradle, crib 3 kj present, second person plural of
to rock, be rocked; be lulled to sleep in a cradle 4 ki f. plural bangs, cracks (noises)
to rock, rock back and forth; to lull 2 interjection hush-a-bye, 1 l m. swings (children's toy) to swing,
lullaby rock a to swing on swings b to flutter in the wind (curls)
3 aj f. 2 3 idiom rainbow a rainbow
aedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be inclined, be bent appeared to become pensive, become
2 to be bowed, be curved thoughtful to vacillate, be indecisive
kh m. l m. delay; postponement 1
raj m. 1 tower (of a fort) 2 branch (of a fir tree) 2
to delay, check (i.e., the advance of troops)
2 ts 1 m. .1 crack, crackling 1.2 clap, bang 1.3 shot 2 to notify, inform without delay
interjection snap, bang, bam 3 l m. 1 knot (in a tree) 2 commercial scales
2 s m. large turban 4 l m. 1 cobweb to spin a web 2 lariat, lasso
agh tahgj 1 goggle-eyed 2 ox-eyed 5 l tautological with
222
lv imperfective of 1, 2 ngri f. plural

lma l m. guile, trick to dodge, evade, ngtur f. botany thorn apple, Datura stramonium
shirk ngr m. residue of corn (maize) straw (e.g., on the threshing
lmatlav denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 floor)
to deceive someone, mislead somebody 2 to use guile, trick, try to ng m. wild pear (tree)
get out of 1 nga f. domestic pear (tree)
lmatlavunkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. .1 2 nga f. tanga, two-wheeled carriage
deceiver 2.2 sly, cunning person; dodger, shirker ngav l m. ngavl m. cabbie, tanga-driver,
lmaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] tanga-wallah
to be deceived; swallow the bait, be a sucker 1 ngj m. table mountain; flat-topped hill
lmal m. 1 verbosity 2 2 ngj f.
1 lavl transitive [past: ] to swing, swing back and ngev l m. ngevl m. regional
forth n f.
2 lavl transitive [past: ] 1 to delay, hold back vr m. turret, watchtower
Why are you delaying me so? 2 to delay, drag out, h m. 1 pronounciation, accent 2 speech, converse,
put aside; extend, prolong to delay, put off the execution conversation
of something jp m. 1 printing; typewriting typewriter
l f. wholesale sales compound verb to print (on a typewriter)
1 ledl intransitive [past: past: ]to rock, rock compound verb to be typed up 2 type, typeface
back and forth jpst m. typist (male)
ledl intransitive [past: past: ]1 to delay;
2
jpsta f. typist (female)
linger; slow down 2 to stand idle (e.g., of the transport) 3 to be tjr m. tire (automobile)
put aside; be dragged out; be prolonged, last jl m. tile
led m. plural 1 to delay, halt a two-hour jm m. 4
delay 2 postponement a f. necktie to tie a tie, knot a necktie
tmbri f. plural cries, wails; howl, loud weeping ailend m. Thailand
to cry, wail, howl; bawl, weep loudly abar m. abr 1 family (often wife) 2 clan, tribe 3 people
mbsaj m. sleet the Afghan people 4 dynasty, (dynastic) clan
m f. stalk (corn) abard r m. family man
n re f. plural Eastern ab m.
ns dull-witted, of limited intelligence; stupid ubakj m. tbakj 1 dimple, hollow 2 hole (used in a game)
nobj f. throng (of people), crowd to throng, ubak-ubak uneven, having pits or potholes, bumpy
crowd 1 ubalj f. balj
n f. to compete, contend, vie (with 2 ablj f. children's game played with marbles
someone) 1 ap 1 m. .1 clap; clapping, clattering
nk m. 1 tank 2 reservoir; cistern; vat cistern, saying Clapping takes two hands 1.2 knock; stamping, tramping
water-tank 1.3 blow, smack 1.4 slap (in the face) compound verb
nkd r adjective military tank; armored 2 interjection Smack! Slap! Bang!
armored (tank) troops 2
ap m. 1 wound, wounding; maiming, mutilation
nk mtavnkaj military antitank His wound is very deep. to suture a wound
antitank gun By what means was this wound inflicted? to
1 nkj f. military tank; small tank receive a wound 2 indemnity for mutilation, wergeld 3 mark,
to fuel up an airplane brand, scar 4 spot, blemish
2 nk military tank tank unit 3
ap 1 tautological compounding element for adjectives and
1 ng m. rumor, talk participles quite, completely, extremely (indicates an extreme
2 ng m. 1 lambing time 2 figurative appropriate time, right degree of the quality) a very low b very flattened,
moment m. 3 definite time, definite term pressed down completely spoiled This
3
ng m. column, post serving as a buoy woman is totally blind. I am utterly at the end of my
4
ng m. forces. wet clear through, wet to the skin right up
223
next to scared to death 2 predicative quite, entirely ap m. tower, turret, watchtower

Don't let him dam up the irrigation ditch completely. apup m. 1 clap, clatter (noise) 2 (act of) clapping,
a to come to a halt My affairs have slapping (e.g., on the shoulder)
come to a standstill. b figurative to stop short (speech), not to apts m. 1 kite (the bird) 2 sluggard 3 flabby person,
know what to say next sluggish person, dawdler
4 ap thin, gaunt aps m.
ap f. apk m. fur coat
p l m. 1 [plural: pl n] history herald, harbinger 2 apk m. slap (in the face)
[plural: pl n] postman, mailcarrier 3 [plural: apavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to close,
plna] message, communication a to convey news; slam to, close with a bang (e.g., a book) 2 to turn off, switch off
communicate, deliver a message b to gossip, spread gossip (e.g., radio) 3 to stamp the foot, tamp 4 to knock 5 to hit, strike
tplk pl 1 communicating something 2 _ to clap, slap on the back (condescendingly) a to cast
gossiping aspersions on someone b to throw all of the work and
ap-pt petty; trivial trifles responsibilities of the household on someone
to rack your brain, knock your brains out over trivialities 1
ap f. 1 2 note 3 card (playing) 4 working of
app m. 1 knock, rap (caused by two objects hitting miracles
together) 2 figurative threat a to knock, rap b 2 pa f. singular of 3, 4
figurative to threaten, intimidate 3 pa f. skylight, window (in the ceiling of a lower floor room)
apapj hide-and-go-seek (the children's game) pa-aghra f. destitution, extreme powerty
apapanj m. motorcycle to leave someone without the means of subsistence
apr sequential He fell into destitution.
1 apar m. 1 wanderer 2 person uprooted from his home 3 apah r m.
rolling stone, rootless wanderer 1 pj m. 1 birthmark 2 black mark, black star (on an animal's
2 apar f. shivering, chill; shudder forehead) 3 gout
3 apar f. assumption of responsibility, assumption of guilt 2
ap 1.1 wounded to wound someone to be
4 apar 1 circumspect, cautious 2 broken-spirited, scared wounded 1.2 pitted, pockmarked 2 m. wounded man
aparedl intransitive [past: ]1 to walk blindly; grope 3 apj f. pressed dung (used as fuel)
one's way 2 to reel (e.g., from weakness) 3 to tremble, shiver 4 ap plural of 1
to be agitated, be distressed, be grieved, be shattered 5 to be p plural of 2, 3
circumspect, be careful apn
tap m. 1 sailcloth; canvas, sacking 2 cloth woven from t m. 1
artificial fiber 3 straw rope or braid for tying sheaves t r m.
apa f. 1 potter's burnishing tool 2 trowel; smoother tp m.
aps m. 1 m. 1 boasting, bragging 2 conceit, arrogance
aps raj apsraj 1 dependent on someone; needing 2 m. Eastern copper
someone; something 2 cowed, downtrodden (of a person) 3 i
apk m. a r m. coppersmith
pkj sick, powerless, weak 1 raj m. sandpiper
1 apgj m. slight wound ri f. plural noise, cry
2 apgj m. 1 burrow, hole 2 ditch v m. [plural: v] 1 braggart, boastful person,
apl transitive bragger 2 arrogant person
apln 1 spotted, stained 2 pitted, pockmarked p m. idle talk, verbiage
1 laj m. 1 spot 2 stamp, mark, brand; sign 3 freckle akha f.
ar m. ar m. 1 breast 2 paunch, belly (e.g.,
2 aplaj 1 tired; sluggish, weak 2 m. castrated cattle of a fish) 3 crown (of the head) idiom
1 apn Eastern Mardzhana burned within.
2 ipn m. light breakfast, light lunch 1
arj m. brassiere
pn f. 2
arj f. sleeveless jacket, vest
apna f. idle wandering, idling 3
arj 1.1 boastful 1.2 garrulous 2 m. .1 braggart, boaster
ap m. 1 bag 2 3 2.2 loquatious person, gabby person, babbler
224
ang m. 1 desert burning desert 2 Tatang (region 2 as 1 m. .1 crash; crackle to crash; crackle 1.2 blow
in Nangrakhar) to receive a blow to strike to hit
ang f. shrike (the bird) someone on the back 2 interjection knock; bang
at m. 1 pony 2 bridge (of a violin) as f.
ghaj m. vaj m. kite (the bird) ass m. 1 exchange of fire, clash 2 skirmish; collision 3
a f. 1 bragging, boasting 2 chatter, idle talk confusion; uproar, rumpus 4 crackling a to have an
1 j m. 1 braggart, boaster 2 loquatious person, idle-talker 3 exchange of fire, skirmish b to fight, struggle c to make an
dandy, fop 4 coward uproar, make a racket d to crash, crackle
aj f. [plural: ajni] 1 small caravansarai, guest
2
sk m. 1
house 2 enclosure made of matting 3 toilet, latrine 1 skj m. 1 coward 2 scoundrel, villian
i plural of 2 sk f. isk 1 laziness 2 slowness
1 ch m. 1 clap, bang 2 blow 3 faint shot (sound) 3 skj m. 1 hissing, snorting 2 sobbing
2 ch m. strength, force to grow faint, weaken skedl intransitive [past: ]1 to hiss, snort 2 to
3 ach 1 insignificant, of little importance 2 cheap sob
1 akh tautological with slk m.
2 ukh m. sms flabby, apathetic, sluggish
khkh loud, booming loud laughter; guffaw asah r m. crack, crackling
akhkh m. sedl intransitive
ukhla f. gh m. 1 squawk (e.g., of a trapped bird) 2 bellow; crying,
ukhalj f. 1 cap with earflaps 2 nightcap with earflaps scream (of a child) a to squawk b to bellow, roar, weep
akhmkh scattered; dispersed gh m. jay (the bird)
akhukh m. slight cough He/she has a agh m. eyelid
slight cough. ghpgh m. 1
ukhavl transitive aghaghj m. 2
kha f. ukhj m. aghr m. 1 palas (napless carpet), coarse carpet to
ukhedl intransitive weave a palas (napless carpet) 2 saddle cloth 3 rag idiom
ukhedna f. cough; slight cough to carry out extensive investigations
r m. r f. aghra f.
r k m. r k garden warbler (the bird) ighakaj m. 1 epizootic disease (of chickens) 2 head cold
rm m. streetcar (trolley) aghan 1 m. [plural: ghn] .1 person of weak character
rm chalavnkaj m. streetcar (trolley) conductor 1.2 coward 2.1 coughing, suffering from a cough 2.2 noisy
rn m. uproar, rumble ghavl transitive [past: ] 1 to make whine, cause to
rt m. whimper 2 to torture 3 to make weep 4 to gnash the teeth 5 to
rtprt m. nonsense, rubbish, absurdity to express unwillingness
talk nonsense, spread drivel abroad ghh r m. plural 1 wheeze, wheezing sound 2 cough
rth r m. 1 ghi with wide eyes, eyes popping out
rr m. 1 chatter 2 fuss; uproar, rumble to open the eyes wide (from surprise); goggle, gawk
arm m. regional semester 2 gaj m. epizootic disease (of birds)
ravl transitive [past: ] to have a laxative effect, ghedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to squawk (of trapped
cause a bowel movement birds, etc.) 2 to weep, behave capriciously (of a child)
ravna f. diarrhea, loose stools a m. regional 3 to clap, strike the
rh r m. 1 nonsense, rubbish, absurdity to talk hands together
nonsense, spread drivel 2 vulgar fart ar m. tread, tramp
re f. regional tray al sharp-witted, clever, astute clever man
redl intransitive [past: ]1 to talk nonsense, spread aa m. regional 1
rubbish; talk drivel 2 to suffer from an upset stomach, have taavl transitive [past: ] 1 to censure; criticize (from
indigestion a hostile point of view), run down 2 to swear at, tell off 3 to
az m. 2
punish
1 s m. 1 dull noise 2 hissing aavna f. abuse; censure
225
aah r m. knocking, crackling; continued sharp sound as of 2

akak 1.1 knock, tap 1.2 tramp, tread 1.3 tick,
something breaking, rapping, etc. ticking (of a clock) 2 interjection .1 knock-knock 2.2 tick,
1
ak m. 1 border, frontier, boundary 2 border region; border ticktock
territory, border zone 3 inherited land akak na f. 1 woodpecker 2 cam (in a mill-apparatus)
2
ak m. 1 stitch; basting, tacking to sew with large akak naj m. 1 children's game 2
stitches; tack 2 hole (in the earth for setting in a plant) ak-ak-k interjection drip-drip-drip
3
ak m. [plural: akna Western plural: ak n] 1 akka f. stitch
knock, tap (in driving nails etc.) to knock, strike, hit 2 1 akkj m. cam (as part of the apparatus of a flour-mill)
noise of a shot 3 firing, shot to fire, effect firing 2 akakj f. 1 1 2 wryneck (bird)
a to fire blanks b to act to no purpose 3 akki plural of
this rifle misfires 4 to die suddenly, die ikaghr m. regional ticket office
unexpectedly figurative censure; reproach; criticism idiom tatk m. exchange of fire
to attain immediate success, succeed 1 akr m. 1 collision; blow 2 stumbling a to collide
from the very beginning with something, strike against something; to fall upon something b
4
ak m. 1 2 2 large boil, abscess (e.g., on the throat) to stumble against something to fall upon a
5
uk m. 1 mine to push, push off 3 detriment, loss
6
ak m. wooden sun-clock (for determining times for irrigation, to inflict a loss proverb one
etc.) experienced man is worth more than two greenhorns
7 ak m. enigma, mystery, riddle 2
ukr m. [plural: tukrna Western plural:
1 ak f. ukr n] 1 piece, part 2 cloth, fabric cotton cloth, cotton
2 uk growing to grow (of grass, etc.) fabric to tear, cut in pieces to be torn
ak rkaj m. 1 bald spot, bare place (e.g., in a meadow) 2 apart, be cut up into pieces
barren ground akargr m. technology shock absorber
k la f. tautological with ukr f. 2
k n m. 1 stumbling (e.g., a horse) 2 1 ikrj m. 1 shawl; kerchief for wear on the head 2 chador
ak n plural of 3 2 ukrj f. tray, basket
akngr m. thresher (e.g., of corn, maize) ukr plural of
1 akn f. 1 size, dimensions 2 border, limit uk m. 2
to a certain extent; in a certain measure 3 uk f. 2
region, area iks m.
2
ikn f. regional 1 habitation, home, dwelling place, aksra f. house sparrow, Passer domesticus
residence to live, reside to settle, settle aksraj 1 suffering from an epidemic disease 2
oneself a to settle, settle (elsewhere) b to determine, scabby, worthless, rotten 3 shameless, impudent 4 stubborn,
decide c to arrange, organize a to settle, take up persistent idiom ! May you drop dead! May you rot!
residence b to be determined, be decided 2 border, limit aks m. & f. [plural: aksij n f. plural:
ik v m. regional abode, location compound verb to aksijni] taxi taxi
settle, settle (elsewhere); quarter, billet compound verb aksivl m. chauffeur, taxi driver
ikk full to overflowing, full to the brim
1 kv imperfective third person singular of akka f. 1 crossbar, projecting piece on a spade providing
2 kv m. plural 1 thrust for the foot; crossbeam 2 pedal
ikvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to settle, akl s akl staj 1 adroit, smart, quick 2
take up residence businesslike, efficient 3 well-aimed, accurate (of a shot) 4 bold,
ik m. [plural: ikauna Western plural: ika n] brave
1 ticket railway ticket invitation card aklstajtb m. taklstajv laj m. 1
ticket window, ticket office 2 note 3 stamp (postage) adroitness 2 efficiency 3 accuracy 4 boldness, bravery
ikapul f. economics 1 dividend 2 rate (e.g., currency ikla f.
exchange) ikmkhaj pockmarked, pitted
1
akk m. kn speckled, spotted
knda
226
1 kna f. 1 seal, stamp 2 mark, brand akvahna f. 1 beating; banging up, battering 2 shaking up
2 kna f. singular of 3 affixing with nails, driving in 4 clapping the hands
1 akanj 1 obstinate; retarding; balky balky horse 2 1
ka f. 1 meteorite 2 lightning 3 figurative misfortune,
fearful 3 vacillating to cause to be timorous, cause to be disaster a misfortune is occurring
indecisive a to be obstinate, be restive, be jib; be balky What has happened to you? taki a Lightning struck
saying although the horse be restive, him. b figurative Misfortune befell him. idiom to
there's not far to go to overcome the reluctant lender b to be perform miracles to express surprise, be surprised,
indecisive, to act indecisively be amazed
akanj
2
Where are you 2
ak m. [plural: akag n] 1 ibex, mountain goat 2
going in such heat? male goat (leader of flocks)
aka 1 2 adjective midday 3 meridional 3 uka f. shaft (of the karez irrigation system)
akup died unexpectedly, passed suddenly kah r m. 1 exchange of fire 2 knock, persistent rapping 3
akuk m. 1 exchange of fire 2 knock, persistant rattle, crackle 4 tramp 5 figurative hard freeze, frost 6
tapping figurative intense heat, sultriness
kch m. stitching, basting, tacking akapst m. leather from the hide of a mountain goat
1 akr m. poultices, fomentations compound verb takach l 1 m. sleepy person 2 drowsy, sleep _ to
doze, slumber
2 akr m. 1 song; melody to sing 2 beating (of a ka mast f.
drum) 1 kaj m. 1 period, point dotted line 2
akr m.
3
linguistics diacritical mark 3 speck, spot; mark 4 letter 5
ukurukravl denominative, transitive [past: mouthful, drink (of water) 6 point, place 7 question, issue
] to tear apart, tear into pieces ki He has no understanding of this issue.
akoravl denominative [past: ] to make poultices I understand this. idiom ki then and
korj m. there, at once exactly, precisely dream
akoredl denominative [past: ] to be applied (of a 2 ikj m. leather circular piece at the end of a spindle or
poultice) spinning device (e.g., a distaff)
kavl transitive [past: ] 1 to pound, crush, grind; 3
ikj m. 3
husk to grind turmeric 2 to thresh, beat out grain 4
kj f. 1 flat cake 2 disk (solar, lunar) 3 target (archery) 4
from the husk to thresh grain 3 to forge, hammer (e.g., distych, couplet, landay 5 loop (of a sling) 6 red spot (in nettle
iron) 4 to scutch, swingle (wool, cotton) 5 to beat, clean (e.g., rash) idiom proverb
carpet, clothing) 6 to beat, thrash someone 7 to knock to charity begins at home
knock on the door someone is knocking at the door 8 5 kj f. guffaw to guffaw
to stamp 9 to click to make a clicking sound with the 6 ki plural of 1
tongue 10 to beat (a drum) 11 to chop (meat) idiom to 7 ki plural of 1
live in poverty, endure extreme want 8 uk plural of 3
kavlaj 1 past participle of 2.1 pounded, crushed 2.2 kjlj 1 spotted, speckled 2 linguistics having a diacritical
ground 2.3 forged, hammered 2.4 beaten clean (e.g., carpet, mark (of a letter)
clothes) 2.5 minced, chopped meatballs, chopped ki-uki ki-ki 1.1 rent, torn into rags 1.2 spattering,
meat (a food dish) drizzling (of rain) 1.3 2 exactly, precisely
akavna f. 1 pounding, crushing 2 threshing, beating out akedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be beaten, be
grain from the husk 3 forging, hammering 4 scutching (wool, hammered 2 to resound, be heard (of a knock) There
cotton) 5 beating clean (e.g., carpet, clothes) was a knock at the door. Someone knocked at the door. 3 to be
akna plural of 1-7 beaten clean, be beaten out (of clothes etc.) 4 5 to walk
akvahl transitive [past: past: slowly, shuffle, drag along, trudge slowly along 6 to be forged
]1 to beat, beat clean; beat (carpet) 2 to shake, swing kaj larnkaj
to shake a tree 3 to affix, hammer in to impale, ki-mki colloquial to study reading and
drive a spear in 4 to clap the hands They writing
clapped their hands. to bang up, batter (of 1
ag m. 1 petty thief, swindler, cheat; fraud 2 robber
kitchenware) 2
ag m. 3
227
agl transitive [past: ] 1 to cheat, swindle; defraud, amerj m. shorty, person of short stature
dupe 2 to rob 1 aml m. 1 snipe (the bird) 2 sandpiper
agm r m. 1 1 2 aml m. assemblage of people, crowd
agna f. amil m. 1
ag f. cheating, swindling; fraud, sharp practice to imk m. 1
cheat, defraud to pretend amavl transitive [past: ] to make bark, make growl,
agj-orj to cheat, swindle; defraud, make snarl
dupe amedl intransitive [past: ] to bark; to snarl, growl
1
al m. 1 log raft to fasten or bind logs together in a raft an m. ton 10,000 tons
2 batch (of goods) 3 traveling companion, fellow traveler ambka f. 1 wasps' nest; beehive 2 oven for extraction of tar
to be united, be in an association with some other umbl transitive
person to unite with, join someone 4 tribe ambs tambel 1 swelling, swelling up 2 fat, stout,
2
al m. 1 quarter (of a town, village) 2 crops; area under crops; chubby
patch, strip 3 thicket 4 meadow meadow in bloom 5 1 an f. stalk (of corn, maize)
the fourth part of a settlement's land idiom to inflict 2 an f. uproar; confusion, agitation
defeat on someone an 1.1 stout, portly; corpulent _ a fat man 1.2 swollen;
3
al m. Tal (city) swollen up 2 m. .1 steer; buffalo calf 2.2
4
al 1 thick, dense abundant crops 2 figurative antb m. obesity, stoutness; corpulence
plentiful, rich a to make thick, thicken; make dense, tantt m. kind of large white Kandahar mulberry
solidify b to make plentiful a to be thick, thicken; be anghrkaj anakj diminutive somewhat obese; a
dense, become dense b figurative to be plentiful, be rich little paunchy; a bit chubby
altb m. concomitancy, accompaniment an 1 m. fat man; pudgy fellow 2 fat; pudgy
ilifn m. anv laj m.
iligr f m. 1 telegraph 2 telegram anr m. 1 roasting of pine kernels on red-hot sand 2 piling
iligr m m. telegram up of things, accumulation of things
algj m. 1 diminutive of 2 2 small farm 3 small anavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to put on
cultivated field weight 2 to inflate, blow up; pump up idiom She
talv laj m. 1 thickness; density 2 figurative abundance, became pregnant (out of wedlock)
plenty anvk m. span
1
am m. 1 barking; growling, snarling to bark; growl, 1 na f. 1 assembly; meeting to organize an
snarl 2 smacking the lips assembly to meet, assemble 2 crowd, assemblege
2 am 1 thick; dense 2 figurative abundant, plentiful What is this assembly? 3 award; prize
3 im m. barrel 2 na f. brow idiom affably
4 im tin 3 na 1 singular of 2 pregnant pregnant (out of
mgh f. officer's service cap wedlock) 3 with calf; in foal idiom
tamb ri f. plural weeping; wailing to weep; cry kind of game bumblebee
out anedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to put on
ambka f. candlestick weight, grow stout 2 to swell up, swell m. 3 to become pregnant
1 ambl 1 fat, stout, chubby 2 lazy, sluggish idiom (out of wedlock)
grasshopper 1
ang m. ng 1 knock 2 sound (of metal vessels, etc.) 3
umbl transitive
2
jingling a to clink b to jingle 4 music sounds, notes
ambs ung m. Eastern posterity
2
amb f. 1 assemblage, throng 2 medicine constipation 3 ing

compound verb a to assemble, gather (of people) ang f. ang r m.
people gathered in a crowd b to suffer from ang-kr m. 1 music sounds, notes (of music) 2 party,
constipation 3 bolt, bar; lock idiom ... My carousal
heart is sinking because angng m. 1 tapping (of a hammer) 2 jingling;
amm m. Eastern 1 light carriage, cart 2 motorcycle strumming (e.g., on a violin) 3 noise (made by a knife and fork);
amj m. 1 short-handled shovel 2 brief topic clanging (of pots)
228
angs l m. mint (where money is struck) 3 bowl (of a tobacco pipe) 4 ridge, hill 5 small hill, mound (on a
angavl transitive [past: ] 1 to clink, tap with grave) 6 hooded cloak (of a bird hunter) 7 idiom
something 2 to strum with something 3 to strum or pick at wig camomile
something 4 to play (on stringed and percussion instruments) 2 op m. 1 obsolete groom 2 jumper
ang f. 1 obsolete tenga (coin equal to Afghan) 2 money; opid r regional muzzleloader (rifle)
riches, substance to r m. knife (butcher's)
angah r m. 1 knock; persistent tapping 2 sound (of rifle, ok f. 1 spell, incantation to charm away (an
pots and pans, etc.) 3 jingling 4 noise (of music) illness) 2 amulet 3 gift made by the bridegroom's family to the
angedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to clink 2 to squeak relatives of the bride
3 to jingle 4 to sound (of musical instruments) okach m. tokam r m. sorcerer, witch doctor,
ann 1 cowardly 2 lying, mendacious quack; exorcist
ubkhj m. high sand dune tokj f. 1 kneecap, patella 2 wooden bowl 3 femur
ubkj m. 1 hole 2 pit, abyss o f. 1 piece, small piece; part compound verb to
ubj m. sand dune overgrown with grasses tear, tear to pieces a to cut up carelessly, tear into
1 op m. 1 jumping; jump; leap triple jump small pieces b to break up, pulverize a to be torn
high jump broad jump pole vault up, be torn up into small pieces b to be broken up, be pulverized
a to jump; to leap to 2 sector, plot plot of land 3 note; chit 4 patch
jump for joy b to jump, do competition jumps to do to apply a patch, patch 5 fabric, cloth
the high jump c to recoil, jump away, jump aside to cotton fabric, cotton cloth idiom a cruel battle
begin to jump to run hopping and skipping, hop and had arisen idiom to trouble, grieve
skip proverb Don't bite off more than 1 uj m. thigh
you can chew. Pride cometh before a fall. 2 beating 2 uj f. [plural: uj plural: ujg ni] 1
the beating of a heart, heartbeat wooden goblet; bowl 2 tankard
2
op m. 1 heap; pile 2 stack, rick, straw stack 3 built-up 3 u f. 1 boasting, bragging 2 slander
pile, arranged stack woodpile 4 trade premium, bonus 4 avj m. box
(added to goods purchased) 5 stupa (a hemispherical or ol m. 1
cylindrical tower serving as a Buddhist shrine) 6 cap with earflaps ukh 1 m. cough to cough to have a
up tautological with
3 1
slight cough 2 clearing of the throat
oppnj m. competitive jumping (high jump) ukhl transitive [past: ] to cough
upkhn m. pile, heap (i.e., of earth) 1 ukhla f. ukhlaj m. whooping cough
opk m. musket flintlock He has whooping cough.
musket rifle shotgun 2
ukhalj f. quilted, hat, padded cap
regional military to come to present arms ukhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to cough 2
opakch m. regional 1 rifleman 2 sniper to have a tickle in the throat
opakgraj gunsmith kha f.
opakvl m. rifleman; man armed with a rifle ukhh r m. intermittent coughing, slight coughing
opakj f. clumsily covered arch or vault of an irrigation ukhj m. cough a dry cough He has a
system cough tukh I have a cough.
opl m. 1 crown, coronet 2 headgear; cap 3 peak (e.g., of a ukhedl intransitive [past: ]to cough I
mountain) have a bad cough.
opn m. world, universe 1 urj m. small ear of corn
opn j m. traveler, wayfarer 2 orj m.
1 opanj f. pile (of earth, etc.) 3 orj tautological with
2 opnj m. 1 man-of-the-world; well-traveled person 2 1 os m. piece of toasted white bread
children's game 2 us tautological with
opogrf f. topography us n m. large hailstones (in spring)
pa f. dialect miracle, performance of a miracle ugh 1 bent, curved, distorted 2 stooped, kyphotic,
1 opj f. 1 cap, helmet fez caracul cap; hunchbacked
high conical lambskin hat 2 crown (of a hat); upper part of a cap
229
ughtugh 1 extremely curved, distorted 2 markedly ukl transitive [past: ] 1 to pound; crush, grind, husk
hunchbacked 3 hunched up a to sit with hunched (corn, etc.) 2 to cut into chops (meat) 3 to hew, cleave asunder
back; hunch oneself up b to huddle oneself up c to sneak silently (with a stone, sledgehammer) 4 to hem (cloth) 5 to hit, strike,
past beat someone
1
ughak m. ughakj m. plague, epizootic (of birds, 1
uklj m. sewing (by hand)
poultry) 2
uklaj 1 past participle of 2 chopped off
2 ughkj diminutive of a chop (cut of meat)
ughavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bend, okm r m.
curve, twist 2 to arch, hunch ukavl transitive [past: ] 1 to grow, cultivate 2
ughedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be figurative to evoke, bring forth (e.g., sympathy)
bent, be curved, be distorted, be twisted 2 to stoop, become bent 1 ka f.
to m. blacksmith 2 uk f. dry cow
tu m. 3 ka f. well shaft (of a kariz, or irrigation system)
tom r m. fool; jester, joker, clown 1 ok m.
a f. joke; anectode fun and games to 2 kaj m. 1 part, piece to break in half 2
joke, jest to ridicule somebody idiom length (piece of cloth) 3 cloth, cotten textiles tki
Why has this happened to you? silk fabrics
ta-tk la f. 1 joke, pleasantry 2 humor 3 ukj m.
1 o m. 4 ki plural of 1
2 i e Eastern plural of 5 uk plural of 2
1 tuk m. [plural: ukna plural: tuk n] Western 6 ki plural of 3
1 piece, part to cut into parts 2 charity, alms 7 uk m. cotton fabrics dealer
to beg, live by begging, live on charity 3 ukj f. large knife, large butcher's knife; kitchen knife
volume Volume One idiom to rebuff ki-kli f. plural jokes, pleasantries; humor
someone (in a dispute) ukedl intransitive [past: ]1 to grow, germinate, put
2 ok thick (of cloth) out shoots, sprouts 2 to swell, swell up 3 to ripen (of ears of
3 uk tautological with corn, etc.)
1 uk m. growth, germination (of seeds) ukedna f. 1 germination 2 swelling, swelling up 3
2 uk m. ripening (of ears of corn, etc.)
uk r m. 1 aversion; hostility to grow cold towards, okj f. Tokyo
lose interest; feel an aversion to something 1 aul m. val towel (Turkish, terrycloth)
This matter bored me. This had become repugnant. 2 2 ol m. obsolete 1
knife, butcher's knife 3 ol pronoun 1 all the entire city the entire
ukkh r m. lickspittle, toady world All are working.
1 ukr m. 2 Everyone left for home. better than everyone
2 ukr m. cage (for birds) more than everyone 2 predicative those who have gathered
3 okr old person, one who has lived a long life The people have assembled.
1 ukr f. 1 4 ul m. tulle (cloth)
2 okr f. large basket ol- l as soon as, all-in-all
1 ukrj m. 1 piece, small piece of something to oltn m. meeting place; collection point
fall to pieces, disintegrate 2 length (of cloth) 3 blanket, coverlet olzrmaj m. state treasury
2 okrj f. 1 basket 2 peddler's tray olgr m. [plural: olgr plural: olgr n]
3 ukr plural of 1 beggar, pauper, mendicant
4 okr plural of 2 olgj m. olgj f. 1 class (in school); year (in a
ukrejl transitive [past: ] to cut (carelessly) up university) 2 group, small detachment; formation
into pieces; cut into pieces, cut into bits forward flock 3 small flock 4 association, society, organization
ok 3 olgjv l m. classmate, schoolmate
uk f. ukj f. 2
ollk m. 1 office 2 ledger
230
olmshr m. olmshr 1 commander (commanding general uns m. Tunis

officer) Commander-in-Chief 2 emir, ruler ung m. ong 1 irritation, arousal, excitement a
olmshr f. 1 command group 2 control element, to irritate; excite b to instigate, incite 2 advice, counsel
leadership 3 governing, government to negotiate about something; decide jointly 3 lancet;
olnpha f. social science scapel
olna f. 1 meeting; conference; council ung ra f. 1 pinch 2 peck 3 irritation; excitement 4
extraordinary session to meet; arrange a meeting incitement, instigation, provocation
We met at my place. 2 society; ungr f. 1
organization the Pashto Academy ungrejl ongrejl transitive [past: ] 1 to

Friendship Society 3 population 4 biology society 5 pinch 2 to peck (of a bird) 3 to irritate, rouse, arouse 4 to
commission control commission 6 [plural: instigate a quarrel, incite a quarrel, provoke to a quarrel 5 to play
olni] circles, spheres political circles idiom dirty tricks in an underhanded manner 6 to curse, abuse, revile,
the Diplomatic Corps Friday insult
lo f. oblique plural of 3 ungl transitive [past: ] to get someone's attention
olv k m. olv kmn m. monarch, ruler, king (by beckoning with the finger, or a slight wink)
olvki f. monarchy, kingdom ungra f.
olavl denominative [past: ] 1 to gather ungavl transitive
to gather flowers to collect information 1 nga onga f. Eastern beak to peck
to assemble a collection 2 to take in, bring in to peck to death
(harvest) 3 to convene, convoke 4 to join, unite 5 to pile up, 2 nga f. 1 joint, phalange (of the finger) 2 back of the leg
accumulate, amass (wealth) 6 to lift up, retract (hand, leg, landing hik regional 4
gear, etc.) ! Pull your legs in! idiom to hik k hikh k regional I am
decrease, contract, shrink to decline not hurt. I'm OK. All is in order.
(something) hka 1 feminine singular of 2 f. regional rightness
1
la 1 feminine singular & masculine plural of 3 2 in all, I am right.
sum, total In all, five men came. e f. name of the letter
2 ol f. begging, mendicancy eb f. regional tuberculosis He is ill with
la- la feminine singular of tuberculosis.
1 olj m. 1 group, detachment 2 company ipch f.
2 olj f. 1 group 2 detachment (100 to 200 men) 3 epr m. [plural: eprna plural: epr] Eastern
company; batallion (i.e., artillery) squadron turnip, rutabaga
oledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be eprkaj f. short person
assembled; be mustered; be convoked ! Fall in! 2 to be epj f. stomach, craw (of a bird)
gotten in, be gathered (harvest) 3 to be acquired, be amassed 4 to i 1 low, low-lying; undersized, stunted plain,
be retracted (e.g., aircraft landing gear) 5 to be depression 2 bent, stooping to steal up on, sneak up
compressed (lungs); be contracted (muscles) on; creep, slink 3 crooked, bent 4 lower, located below 5 lowest
oljmshr m. oljmshr captain (army) in tone (of sound) 6 figurative base, mean, low (of a person)
oljmshr f. captaincy, rank of captain to scorn, despise 7 vile, debased
um m. Eastern 1 instigation, incitement lower appetites, base cravings
He did this at Ahmed's instigation. 2 advice, counsel i raj m. lapwing, pewit
umb m. 1 prick, jab 2 i kaj m. land holdings, property
umbl transitive [past: ] 1 to nail, affix (with a pin, i l m. 1 meanness, baseness; degradition (moral) 2 cunning,
tack) 2 to plunge in, stick into 3 to dig into, pick (e.g., the teeth) fraud to be deceived, be cheated 2 a to act
4 to extract (a splinter, etc.) 5 to beat an opponent (e.g., of a cock basely, act viley b to cheat, swindle, deceive
in a cockfight) ip s m. flattery, adulation, servility; cringing
umbnaj m. toothpick i-p 1 quite low 2 bent down
umbedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be nailed, be itb m. shortness, smallness of stature
tacked, be pinned 2 to be plunged into, be stuck into ar m. regional theatre
unna f. ear, cob (of corn) istrgaj ashamed, with downcast eyes
231
itsh nta rather low, rather short; small of stature, small of 2

ek m. 1 temple wearing the cap askew,
height low mountains wearing the skullcap askew 2 ornament worn on the temple 3
itk f. medicine nettle rash, contact dermititis of vegetative kind of embroidery
origin 3
ik m. 1 decoration or ornament worn on the forehead 2
1
iakj 1 short, short of stature 2 m. short person gold ornament worn in the nostril
2
itki f. plural 1 jerking 2 twitching, kicking a 4
ik 1.1 true, correct; extract This
to jerk the legs, twitch the legs b to kick, kick one another communication is perfectly correct. 1.2 fitting, appropriate 2.1
3 iakj f. kneecap precisely, exactly We left at
4 ike plural of precisely five-thirty. 2.2 fully, completely
itmiz dzha m. low, mean, base ikl f. lark (the bird)
itv laj m. 1 short stature, shortness 2 bend, curvature 3 ekn m. true state of affairs
fall, lowering, reduction reduction of prices 4 ekan f. 1 lease 2 order, job (at work) 3 lodging, dwelling,
submissiveness, humility 5 degradation (moral) abode
itavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to incline, ek v m. 1 stop, rest stop; halt, (bus, tram, etc.) stop; shelter
bend, bow 2 to curve, distort 3 to lower, hang (e.g., the head) 4 to stay at someone's house 2 existence;
to bring down, reduce 5 figurative to be little (e.g., the role, the residence 3 peace a to be uneasy, be alarmed;
significance) not to find a place for oneself b not to have the means of
a 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 low place, low country, subsistence idiom I gradually
lowland; depression, hollow The river collected myself.
is flowing below in the lowland. 2.2 baseness, lowness 2.3 ekvavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
unpleasantness to say unpleasant things to somebody settle 2 to call a halt, arrange a stop 3 to arrange to stay overnight
a-pa 1 f. worship, adoration to bow down, with someone 4 figurative to calm
bend low 2 feminine singular of ekvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
ij hunchbacked, kyphotic
1
settle 2 to stay overnight, arrange to stay the night 3 to calm
2 i Eastern e 1 feminine plural of 2 plural of 2 down, compose oneself
3 ij 1 f. singular of 1 2 f. clay bowl ekt ka f. rug with a nap
e-e- cry to call a buffalo jakkhulaj ikkhlaj antiaircraft gun
iedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to stoop, ekad r m.
bend, bend down to bow to bow ikrj m. [plural: ikr] Western [plural:
down before someone 2 to go down, set (of the sun) 3 to fall; ikrij n] shawl, chador
sink, descend 1 iks m.
ajr m. 2 eks m. regional
erj m. Teraj (city) eks m. & f.
iz m. 3 ikla f. 1 bread; flat cake wheat bread
isps sluggish, lazy corn bread millet cake 2 phonograph record
esn m. 1 station railroad station 1 ikalj m. 1 circle; disk (of the sun, solar) 2 phonograph
trip after trip 2 center (e.g., tourist center) record
egh m. belch to belch, burp 2 ikalj f. flat cake; small loaf
igh m. small ball, marble ikzi m. quilted cover for a teapot
ighamb 1 suffering from indigestion 2 figurative ekavl transitive
disordered, grieved, sad 1 ek f. agreement to deliver something; contract
ighstrgaj google-eyed, popeyed, exopthalmic to conclude an agreement to deliver something; undertake a
ighka f. shrike contract for something
ighkaj m. ighj m. 2
ik f. 1 tika (red mark on the forehead of Hindu women,
1 ek m. 1 stop bus stop, tram stop to formerly with religious significance) to place
stop, halt, take a break There is nowhere for us a tika on the forehead 2 tag, label idiom to be a
to stay. Wait a bit! 2 peace, rest 3 break, intermission heathen, be a pagan
idiom ancestral homestead 3 ka feminine singular of
ekad r m. supplier, contractor
232
ikj f. diminutive of 3 idiom to put verses

1
ing r m. 1 steadfastness; firmness in a
from another song into a ghazal (i.e., Arabic verse form) manly and steadfast manner a steadfast person,
2 ek plural of 1 manly person 2 persistence, decisiveness
3 ik plural of 2 very persistently to display
ikedl intransitive [past: ] to settle, take up residence persistence in some matter to emphasize, point out 3
ig f. gaunt or emaciated cow, cow in poor condition resistance, counteraction 4 toughness, strength
egj m. kind of elongated yellow melon ing v m. order; organization, arrangement
el m. push, shove; nudge; pushing through ingtb m. ingtj f.
1 el l m. jumping; game, pastime; diversion, recreation ing m.
to jump; amuse oneself, have a good time ingj f. blow to the brow, slap on the brow to
2 il l m. 1 delay, hold-up; procrastination 2 din, uproar strike the brow, slap the brow
elefn m. ingl m. shoenail, cobbler's nail
eligr f m. ingv laj m.
eligrf ingavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
eligr m m. make firm, make stiff, make rigid 2 to strengthen; fasten, secure;
elml m. 1 crush, crowding; mass of people fasten together 3 concentrate 4 to hearten, put heart into
to push, shove; push or shove one another 2 vanity to hearten into people in the face of
worldly vanity threatening danger a to get stronger,
elm r m. 1 shoving, pushing (e.g., a wheelbarrow) 2 become stronger b to counteract not to
yield to fear 5 to strengthen, enhance, develop (friendly relations,
elvahl transitive [past: ] 1 to push, etc.)
shove; push, shove one another 2 to give up, reject, push aside ingn m.
idiom I lowered my voice. nga 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 persistence,
el f. 1 trees and bush (carried down by a river) 2 mash 3 decisiveness I became decisive. I
stone dam 4 flotsam (any object carried down by the current of a firmly decided. to reject decisively ...
river, etc.) We require We insist that 2.2 craw, stomach (in
elam r m. parasite, sponger, freeloader birds)
elj m. 1 mower, one who mows 2 dialect groom ing m.
eleprinr m. teletype ingedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
1 im m. sports team harden, become hard, set 2 to become strengthened; be fastened
2 im m. tin tight, be consolidated; be fastened together 3 to be concentrated 4
3 im m. [plural: imna Western plural: im n] 1 to intensify 5 to be thickened, be condensed 6 to insist, persist
(metal) barrel 2 can, tin can (in) 7 to be enhanced, be strengthened, be developed (of friendly
4 tajm m. regional sports half, period relations etc.) 8 to resist, hold out, endure
1 imk m. main member of a hipped roof, strut, support jub m. jup m. 1 inner tube inner tube
2 imk m. 1 small barrel, small keg 2 small metal container, (automotive) 2 tube
can
enkhj m. 1 boaster 2 poseur
tnis m. tennis tennis court
enk m. se 1 the sixth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 500 in
ing 1.1 firm, stiff, rigid 1.2 thick, strong, tough the abjad system
thick fabric strong rope 1.3 forceful, intense sbt Arabic 1 established, proven; inconvertible, irrefutable,
an intense desire 1.4 viscous (e.g., a syrup) 1.5 reliable, worthy clear It has been
of trust 1.6 persistent, persevering a to be established that 2 sure, firm, steadfast 3 steady, stable 4
stubborn, be unyielding b to stint, grudge 1.7 firm, decisive 1.8 fixed idiom captive balloon
stable, constant (of a rate of monetary exchange) 2 firmly, sbtadm Arabic 1 sure, firm, steadfast 2 loyal, devoted;
strongly; energetically to affix firmly to constant a faithful wife, devoted wife 3
oppose, resist; stand up firmly for one's own idiom consecutive
stringy, misery, tightfisted; greedy, grasping
233
sbtadam f. 1 stability, firmness, unshakability 2 sarvat natural resources

faithfulness, devotion, constancy 3 sequence suraj f. Arabic astronomy the Pleiades
sbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to sa'labmisr m. Arabic singular & plural botany salep
make sure, make firm, make steadfast; consolidate, strenghten 2 saaft m. Arabic culture ancient culture
to make steady, stabilize 3 to establish, prove, confirm 4 to make safat sakf cultured
immoveable cultural ties
sbit Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. Arabic m. salt m. Arabic gravity, weight; weightiness
[plural: savbt] astronomy fixed star sit m. Arabic
sbitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be sil m. Arabic [plural: as l] 1 gravity, mass, weight 2
sure, be firm, be steadfast; become firmer, be strengthened 2 to be load
stable, become stabilized 3 to be established, be proven; be si Arabic 1 f. trust, confidence 2 deserving of trust, reliable,
confirmed; be incontrovertible, be indisputable 4 to turn out to be loyal, trustworthy reliable information
to result in destruction, prove fatal to turn sal Arabic 1 heavy 2 difficult (e.g., of languages) 3 lazy;
out to be unsuccessful, fail 5 to result in, follow from, to be the phlegmatic 4 difficult to digest, indigestible 5 hard, burdensome
consequence of something It follows idiom medium machine gun, MMG
from this that sal s Arabic numeral literary three
sls Arabic 1 numeral third obsolete junior suls m. Arabic third part, third two-thirds of the
lieutenant 2 m. arbitrator, arbiter, umpire votes
slsn Arabic thirdly, in the third place samr m. Arabic 1 fruit 2 produce, foodstuffs 3 benefit,
slis f. Arabic arbitration, arbitrational tribunal advantage 4 progeny 5 results, issue
snav Arabic 1 secondary secondary education samard r m. 1 bearing fruit, fruitful 2 productive 3
2 second 3 secondary, minor, subordinate to have producing progeny, prolific
a secondary meaning samarnd m. Samarkand (city)
sn Arabic numeral second lieutenant colonel samar f. Arabic [plural: samar m. Arabic plural:
idiom to be unrivalled, have no competitor samar t] 1 fruit 2 results, issue the results
snjn Arabic secondly, in the second place of carelessness 3 progeny, offspring 4 proper name Samara
1 snij f. Arabic second (unit of time) samn Arabic 1 valuable, expensive; precious 2 m. proper
2 snij numeral feminine of name Samin
snijagrd m. second hand (clock, watch) samin 1 feminine singular of 2 f. proper name Samina
sab t m. subt Arabic 1 firmness; constancy to san f. Arabic praise, eulogy; panegyric to praise,
show firmness; constancy persistency in the eulogize; extole
attainment of a goal, purposefulness 2 soundness, stability, sankh n m. panegyrist
firmness sankhn f. praise, eulogy; glorification to
sabt Arabic 1 m. .1 firmness; constancy 1.2 entry on a list, praise, eulogize; glorify
record, registration 1.3 recording (on film, etc.) 2 predicative .1 sanj m. Arabic plural front teeth, incisors
entered on a list, recorded, registered 2.2 recorded (on film, etc.) sanavijt m. Arabic philosophy dualism
sabtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to enter sin f. [plural: asn ] Arabic 1 bend; turn 2 fold
on a list, record, register 2 to record (on film, etc.) sav b m. Arabic 1 recompense, reward, award (for a good
sabtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be deed) a to be awarded b to deserve an award
entered on a list, be recorded, be registered 2 to be recorded (on 2 good deed to perform a good deed, do good
microfilm, etc.) savbt m. Arabic plural of
subt m. Arabic 1 confirmation, proof; establishment of fact; savb m. person rewarded for a good deed
verification to confirm, prove, establish a saub m. Arabic [plural: asv b plural: sij b] 1
fact; verify to be confirmed, be wearing apparel, apparel, clothing 2 classifier used in counting
proven, be established 2 steadiness, firmness, steadfastness 3 articles of clothing
constancy, stability 4 law basis of a claim sobaj m. regional
sarvt m. Arabic 1 riches, wealth 2 property saur m. Arabic 1 bull, bullock, ox 2 astrology Taurus (the
sarvatmnd rich, wealthy, well-to-do, propertied, well-off constellation) 3 Saur (the second month of the solar year; 21
sarvatmand f. riches, wealth April-21 May)
234
se f. the name of the letter 2

dzhar m. declaration, proclamation to announce,
sij b m. Arabic plural of proclaim to speak out openly against someone
sijib f. Arabic newly wed, woman who has just married 3
dzhr m. 1 pen (for cattle) 2 temporary fence (constructed on
a threshing floor of reeds, etc.) 3 enclosed area for trapping quail
4 reed corral, rush corral 5 manure pile, dunghill
dzhristl transitive [present: past:
1
dzhim m. 1 the seventh letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the past: ] 1 to turn back 2 to wind, roll up, twist 3 to
number 2 in the abjad system weave, weave together 4 to vomit; feel nauseous
2
1 abbreviation 2 abbreviation 3 dzhrzhij f. Georgia
abbreviation 1 4 abbreviation dzhrch m. 1 town crier 2 herald
dzhbr Arabic 1 oppressive; coercive; despotic dzhrchibsh chief crier, herald
despotism, tyranny; violence 2 despot, tyrant; oppressor; dzhrh Arabic sharp, keen-edged (of a tool)
aggressor dzhrihn 1 decisive, crucial (of a military offensive, etc.)
dzhbirn 1 forcible, compulsory despotism, crucial offensive active operation 2
tyranny; force 2 forcibly, by force, compulsorily aggressive
dzhb f. 1 skin oil container with a spout 2 dzhrihijt m. decisiveness
1 dzhabj f. 1 short skirt; tutu 2 man's pleated shirt dzhrghlj m. hearth; trivet
2 dzhbj f. leg bracelets dzhrked m. plural self-sacrifice
dzhp m. muttering of prayers dzhrknj f. 1 place near the hearth where fuel is stored 2
dzhp n m. Japan buhajra- i the Sea wood shed
of Japan the islands of Japan dzhr m. f. regional broom compound verb a to
1 dzhpn dzhpnj .1 Japanese 1.2 m. Japanese sweep, sweep up to sweep the room
(person) 2 f. dzhpn Japanese, the Japanese language vacuum cleaner b figurative to lick off, lick up
dzhpar f. sheepskin coat idiom to rob someone
dzh t plural suffix ending for nouns ending in a vowel dzhrvt m. plural 1 rotation 2 turning; shunting aside 3
carriages fruits return upon returning 4 getting stuck; falling
dzhdzh m. 1 supposition, surmise; idea 2 anxiety, concern (e.g., into a net) 5 interweaving, weaving together 6 swaddling,
a to suppose, surmise b to worry about something idiom winding, twisting together
to call something into question, doubt something dzharvatl intransitive [past: present: past:
dzhkh f. pile of brush, stack of kindling wood ]1 to revolve, rotate 2 to turn, shunt, turn aside 3 to
dzhd m. singular & plural magic, witchcraft; sorcery return 4 to get stuck, fall (e.g., into a net)
to enchant The bird fell into the net. 5 to interlace, intertwine
dzhdugr m. 1 sorcerer, magician, wizard 2 conjurer, The treetops were intertwined. 6 to swaddle, twist,
magician wrap around 7 to be woven, be woven together 8 to fall off, fall
dzhdugra f. witch, sorceress away, separate
1 dzhdugar f. witchcraft, sorcery dzhrvatna f.
2 dzhdugri plural of dzhrukh sweeper; trash man
dzhdd f. Arabic road highway, surfaced road dzhrugj f. broom, sweeper; whisk broom
dzhng old, decrepit, senile 1 dzhravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
dzhdj f. 1 old and skinny cow-camel 2 abusive old crone sacrifice to sacrifice oneself
dzhzb Arabic 1.1 attractive, attracting 1.2 absorbing, 2 dzhravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
taking in, imbibing 2 m. blotting paper textiles to warp 2 to clean (with a brush)
1
dzhzib f. Arabic attraction physics attractive dzhravnaj 1 m. .1 shawl, dress (woman's) 1.2 textiles
force, gravity warping frame 2 adjective weaving
2 dzhzba feminine singular of dzhrvestl transitive Eastern 1
dzhzibijt m. attractiveness 1 dzhraj m. dzhri sacrifice, obligation
1 dzhr m. victim, sacrifice, obligation compound verb 2 dzhr Arabic 1 moving, moving from one place to another
1 idiom to dote upon someone 2 current, present the current year 3 occuring, being
conducted a bitter battle occured 4 being in
235
circulation, current (of money) 5 effective (of a law, etc.) 2 dzhl m. 1 net; seine to toss a net, cast a net
a to move, move from one point to another b to put into a to put a net in place b figurative to set a
circulation (of money) c to put into effect (a law etc.) a snare; use cunning 2 netting volleyball net idiom
to be moved, be moved from one point to another b to go on, floods of tears
result from c to be in circulation (e.g., money) d to go into effect 3 dzhl m.
(a law, etc.) e to flow, stream to continue one's 4 dzhl m. shabak computer science network
journey idiom accounting current account dzhl chalz m. computer science network drive
dzharjst m. plural 1 return 2 reeling, winding, coiling 3 dzhld r netted, reticular
twisting, twining, torsion 4 vomiting dzhlr m. regional edging, hem
dzhredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
1
1 dzhlagj m. religion Goliath
sacrificed saying I am ready to do all for you. I am 2 dzhlagj f. 1 grillwork (in a window) 2 netting inserts of
your slave. My dear fellow, why a chador (for the eyes)
are you offended at me? to give one's life to dzhlav n m.
one's country dzhlgh m. horse cloth, horse blanket
2 dzhredl denominative dzhlavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to bring
dzhrjstl transitive into use, make a custom of, make a habit of, make a rule (to act in
dzhrjstna f. some way)
1 dzh m. purging (the stomach), taking a laxative to 1
dzh la f. 1 nest to make a nest, weave a nest 2
purge (the stomach), take a laxative hangar 3 beehive 4 spider web
2 dzh m. 1 thickets, bushes; undergrowth 2 uncultivated land 2
dzhl f. 1 raft (of timbers, logs) barge 2 sheet
1 dzh a dialect imperfective imperative of on which mulberries are shaken from the bush 3 lace
2 dzh imperfective of to weave lace, plait lace, crochet lace
3 dzh a f. thorny bush, shrub 3 dzhl f. regional calamity, misfortune
dzhzbnd m. dzhzbn m. jazz dzhlav n m. 1 rower, oarsman; boatman 2 ferryman 3
dzhzm Arabic preemptory, categorical raftsman 4 Dzhalavan (district, Baluchistan)
dzhss m. Arabic spy, (military) scout; one engaged in dzhl f. dzhlj f. 1 netting 2 gauze, cheesecloth 3
investigative work metal screening 4 kind of (embroidery) stitch 5 spider web 6
dzhsus 1 f. espionage, agent-intelligence, intelligence botany duckweed
collection to spy, engage in espionage, do dzhlid r reticular; having a network
intelligence collection dzhledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
dzhghr m. 1 magazine, magazine case of a firearm 2 observed as a custom or rule
breech assembly of a firearm 3 goiter (in humans) 1
dzhm m. 1 cup; goblet 2 vessel 3 mirror
dahrghurd r adjective magazine (of a firearm) dzhm-i the enchanted mirror of Emperor Jamshed (which showed
dzhaghur f. & m. plural Dzhaguri (district) him whatsoever he desired)
dzhgh f. collar (of a shirt) 2 dzhm m. jam
dzhkrt f. Jakarta (city) dzhmb z m. 1 pack camel, transport camel 2 camel which
dzhkt m. dzhk m. 1 jacket 2 kind of caracul has not yet been loaded
dzhk m. storm dzhmbra f. jujube
dzhkj 1 curdled, coagulated (of milk, blood, etc.) 2 dzh mb f. thickets, brake; bushes
thickened, congealed dzhmd Arabic 1 frozen 2 hard, stiff 3 inorganic
dzhgnj m. stag, bull (of certain horned animals), leader of inorganic substances
a herd dzhmdn dzhmadn 1 f. kind of muslin with flowers
dzhagr m. history jagir (fiefdom, land granted to a feudal woven into it 2 having a flowered ornamentation, flowered
noble in return for military and other services) dzhm Arabic 1.1 full, comprehensive 1.2 consisting,
dzhgird r m. 1 history feudal lord, overlord of a jagir 2 composed of 1.3 rich in content, substantial a
landowner brief but substantive and meaningful speech 1.4 principal, central
dzhgirdr f. 1 history feudalism, the jagir system 2 (used of mosques) 2 f. [plural: dzhmi'gni Arabic
ownership of manorial land plural: dzhavm] principal mosque, main mosque
1
dzhl m. custom, rule compound verb main mosque
236
1
dzhmi' f. Arabic [plural: dzhmi'e Arabic f. dzhnk m. colloquial
plural: dzhavm] 1 society; group, body 2 league, dzhnkandn m. death agony
community, commonwealth dzhnnis r selfless; ready to sacrifice oneself
2 dzhmi' Arabic feminine plural of dzhnnisr f. selflessness; readiness for self-sacrifice;
dzhmi'-ji-mill f. history League of Nations self-sacrifice
dzhmakj m. shorts, short pants dzhnv r m. dzhnvr m. 1 animal; wild beast 2 bird
dzhmn m. dzhman m. botany Eugenia jambolana (usually one which has been trapped)
1 dzhm f. 1 clothing, dress a to dzh nvala f.
change clothes b figurative to change, alter, transform 1 dzh na vocative of ! Dear Shadi!
to straighten (e.g., the hem of a dress) to wrinkle a 2 dzh na f. darling, dearest, dear ! ! Bibo
dress, crumple a dress a to remove clothing, throw darling! Dear Bibo!
off clothing, get undressed b figurative to lose one's mind 1
dzh ni Eastern dzh ne vocative of 2 ! Bibo
a to take off clothing b figurative to die, depart this world 2 darling! Dear Bibo! ! Dear little sister!
fitting out, equipping (with uniform) 3 color of hide (of cattle) dzhnj f. proper name Dzhani
2
idiom to change, alter, transform to 3 dzhn Arabic 1 sinful; criminal 2 m. criminal

effectuate, put some affair in motion His dzhnikhl 1 m. plural the Dzhanikhejli (a branch of the
apprehensions were confirmed. Mangal Tribe) 2 Dzhanikhejli (tribesman)
dzh ma f.
2
dzhav f. Java (island)
dzhmakh m. bath attendant dzhvdzhj f. 1 edging; selvage 2 hem
dzhmavr cut out into a dress (of material) dzhvid n
dzhn m. 1 life 2 soul 3 beloved one, loved one 4 dzhavidn f.
affectionate dear, my soul ! ! Dear Shadi! dzh vla f.
Shadi My Soul! ! ! Dear Father! dzhvd dzhvid n eternal, deathless
dzhn n m. loved one, beloved one dzhvidn f. eternity, immorality
dzhanb Arabic 1 m. [plural: dzhavnb] [plural: dzhh m. high position, office; high rank, rank; title of office
dzhnibjn] side; direction both sides the dzhhtalabn ambitious
opposing side with the consent of both sides dzhhtalab f. ambition
the environs 2 in the direction (of) dzhahl Arabic 1 ignorant; stupid 2 m. ignoramus, fool
1 dzhmb z m. dzhhil f. dzhhilijt m. Arabic ignorance; stupidity
2 dzhnb z m. dzhnbz f. effort, endeavor; labor, dzhh-u-dzhal l m. grandeur, glory
difficulty to try, endeavor, take trouble (to) dzhj m. toilet, latrine
dzhnibdr f. partiality, bias dzhjbnd restive (of a horse)
dzhnib adjective lateral, side dzhjd d m. 1 real estate 2 property, estate
dzhndzh 2 ecclesiastical property
1 dzhndzh m. participant in the bridegroom's procession at dzhz Arabic 1 lawful, legal; right, correct 2 permissable,
a wedding allowed; admissible a to award, grant; adjudge b to
2 dzhndzhj 1 sluggish; weak 2 lazy permit, allow
1 dzhndzhitb m. 1 sluggish; weakness 2 laziness 1 dzhiz f. 1 reward; recompense; prize
2 dzhndzhitb m. participation in a wedding procession International Peace Prize 2 winnings (in a lottery, etc.) 3
dzhndzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 regional inspection to review, inspect
to grow weak; grow sluggish 2 to grow lazy 2 dzhiz feminine singular of
dzhnkhnj f. large bag made of coarse material dzhiz vnkaj m. laureate, prize winner
dzhnd r lively, animated dzhj-i-zarr m. toilet, latrine
dzhndm m. dzhndm dzhjgr m. property, estate
dzhnishn m. successor; deputy dzhjgird r m. landowner
dzhnfish n selfless, dedicated, self-sacrificing dzhjgirdr f.
dzhnfishn f. 1 selflessness, dedication, self-sacrifice 2 dzhabb r Arabic 1 potent, powerful 2.1 m. giant, colossus
zeal; enthusiasm a to display dedication, 2.2 tyrant, despot
demonstrate self-sacrifice b to display zeal, work with enthusiasm
237
dzhab f. sleet It is sleeting. Sleet is 4 dzhbi plural of 4

falling. 5 dzhbi plural of 5
dzhab l m. Arabic plural of dzhabir f. Arabic 1 medicine bandage; splint 2
dzhab n Arabic 1 cowardly a coward 2 m. dgabn
m. Arabic poetic [plural: dzhabinn] brow,
coward forehead
dzhabdzhb dzhaplj m. dzhpamrg f. wholesale deaths, high
dzhbr m. dzhbar Arabic 1 force; violence, compulsion mortality
by force, forcibly, violently 2 injustice dzhp m. worn-out or broken agricultural implements; trash,
dzhbrn Arabic forcibly, by force junk
dzhubr n m. Arabic compensation, damages a 1
dzhat m. shape; appearance
compensation for losses b forfeiture (of assets for breach of 2
dzhat Jat (a group of nomadic tradesmen in western
contract) to compensate, reimburse Afghanistan)
dzhubrntj f. compensation, indemnification in 3 dzhet 3
the form of compensation, in the form of an indemnity dzhatbol f. impertinence to be impertinent,
dzhubrnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 be cheeky
to compensate, indemnify 2 to cover (a deficit) 3 to eliminate dzhat f. group, detachment
(deficiencies) dzhatj baseborn, of lowly birth
dzhabrl m. kind of rifle 1 dzhe m. 3
dzhabart m. Arabic omnipotence 2 dzha m. Jat (socio-ethnic group)
1 dzhabrj m. garter (for sock, stocking) dzhapl m. 1 cunning 2 magic
2 dzhabr Arabic 1 forcible, compulsory, obligatory 2 dzhik f.
inevitable, unavoidable dzhuss f. Arabic body, torso
3 dzhabrj f. sock, stocking 1 dzhadzh m. double chin
1 dzhabl m. [plural: dzhabl] Arabic mountain 2 dzhadzh m. regional judge
mountain gun, mountain cannon dzhdzhakj m.
2 dzhbl m. crowbar dzhidzhild kh m. cicada
dzhabalussur dzh m. Dzhabalussuradzh dzhadzhur f. dzhadzhraj m. 1 crop (of birds), maw
dzhabal-at-trk m. Arabic Gibraltar 2 dewlap (in animals) 3
1
the Straits of Gibraltar dzhadzhj m. botany anemone

dzhibillt m. Arabic natural quality, innate quality, innate dzhadzh f. history tax (imposed on non-Moslems)
characteristic; character, nature 1 dzhidzhj m. pheasant
1 dzhabal Arabic mountainous 2 dzhudzhj f. 2
2 dzhibill Arabic natural, innate, inborn dzhakh m. dzhukh 1 1 2 bubble (on the surface of
dzhubn m. Arabic cowardice, pusillanimity water)
1 dzhab f. dzhb 1 swamp 2 marshy field dzhukht 1.1 situated alongside; located very close to; abutting,
2 dzhubb f. Arabic jubba (masculine outer dress with wide adjoining 1.2 paired, forming a pair 1.3 flat, even, smooth, level
sleeves) 1.4 regional exact, correct 2.1 close to; alongside, very closely
dzhabh m. Arabic history armor; shirt of mail
3
They were standing alongside. 2.2 regularly, evenly,
4 dzhba f. oil tank (on a press) smoothly 2.3 regional precisely, correctly 2.4 at once idiom
dzhba f. dialect along with
dzhab-dzhub Eastern soaked, steeped (in blood) dzhukhtv laj m. (the acts of, or states of) adjoining,
dzhbakhn f. 1 arsenal 2 ammunition abutting; being located alongside (of)
dzhabaz r m. swampy locality, bog, swamp dzhukhtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
dzhabh m. Arabic [plural: dzhabhe plural: put alongside, place alongside, place very close 2 to press (to),
dzhab t] front united front in the rear clasp (to) to clasp to the breast 3 to select a pair
to send to the front 4 to mate (of animals)
1 dzhbj f. 1 2 stripe (on cloth, etc.) dzhukht f.
2 dzhab dzhb plural of 1 dzhukhtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
3 dzhubb plural of 2 be alongside, be very close to; to abut; to adjoin 2 to press oneself
238
(to, against) 3 to approach one another; to be a pair 4 to be mated dzhadid-ul-isl m Arabic newly converted to Islam (of
(of animals) the Nuristani)
1
dzhad m. dzhadd [plural: adzhd d] Arabic 1 dzhadid-ut-tss Arabic newly founded, newly
grandfather 2 forefather established
2 dzhid m. dzhidd Arabic endeavor, effort; diligence dzhadid-uz-zr' Arabic newly acquired (of lands)
dzhud 1 adjective .1 section; separate, solitary; isolated 1.2 dzhadid Jadidi (name given to the Kafiri-Nuristani after their
separated; severed, parted 1.3 alienated 1.4 special conversion to Islam)
This is a special (peculiar) problem. 1.5 separate (i.e., a seperate dzhazz b Arabic 1 absorbing, fascinating
peace) a to separate, disjoin; isolate b to sever, part absorbing story 2 attractive
a to be separated, be disjoined; be isolated b to be separated, dzhazzb f. dzhazzbijt m. 1 fascination 2
be severed, be parted 2.1 separately, apart; in isolation 2.2 attractiveness
specially, peculiarly dzhuz m m. medicine leprosy
dzhddn Arabic assiduously, zealously, diligently, vigorously dzhazb m. Arabic 1 attraction, allurement 2 leaning, bent 3
dzhud -dzhud 2 absorption, soaking up 4 physics gravity, attraction
dzhid r m. Arabic wall, divider, partition idiom compound verb compound verb
chest, thorax, rib cage dzhazb t Arabic 1 masculine plural of 2 spirit
dzhudked m. plural 1 section, sectioning, disconnection, revolutionary
isolating 2 parting, leave-taking dzhazbt emotional
dzhudagn 1 special, extraordinary (of a representative) 2 dzhazbavl 1 denominative [past: ] .1 to attract,
specially fascinate 1.2 to draw, pull (up) 1.3 to absorb, soak up 1.4
dahid l m. Arabic quarrel, argument; squabble, row physics to attract (magnetically) 2 m. plural .1 attraction,
dzhadvl Arabic masculine plural of fascination 2.2 adducing 2.3 absorbing, soaking up 2.4 physics
dzhud f. parting They did not gravitation
attraction
part. They did not take leave of one another. dzhazb f. [plural: dzhazb Arabic m. plural:
dzhadr m. Arabic root, basis dzhazb t] 1 strong feeling 2 enthusiasm; animation; ecstasy 3
dzhadl m. Arabic dispute, argument agitation, emotion
dzhadv r m. zedoary root (rhizome of Curcuta zedoaria) dzhazbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
dzhidd-u-dzhhd m. efforts, endeavors be attracted, be fascinated 2 to be absorbed, be soaked up 3
dzhadvl m. Arabic 1 table 2 list 3 manuscript copy, physics to be attracted (magnetism)
enumeration 4 ruled sheet, sheet of graph paper 5 column of a dzhazr m. Arabic 1 math root quadratic root
table, column of a page 6 schedule (of tasks, duties, etc.) 7 to extract a root 2 descent, extraction
grammar paradigm 1 dzhar m. ford
dzhadvalkash f. drawing, sketch 2 dzhar m. 1 small irrigation ditch; ditch, gutter to
drawing instruments, case of drawing instruments construct an irrigation ditch or conduit 2 cleft, fissure
dzhadval ruled, ruled off into squares 3
dzhar dzharr m. Arabic 1 drawing (as wire); carrying away 2
dzhidd f. Jidda grammar oblique case preposition, postposition
1 dzhad m. Arabic 1 astronomy Capricorn (the constellation) 4
dzhar 1 confused, muddled up 2 obstinate 3 jaded, feeling
2 Jadi (the 10th month of the solar year; 22 December - 20 down, defeated, beaten down
January) dzhur pa f. sock, stocking
2
dzhidd Arabic 1 assiduous, fervid; active, energetic, dzhur t m. 1 boldness, daring, courage to grow
vigorous 2 serious (of a question, etc.) 3 bold, quick bold, grow brave 2 resolution, determination a to
3 dzhadd Arabic pertaining to forefathers, ancestral display boldness, display daring, display courage b to behave
dzhiddijn decisive (of measures, etc.) decisively, act resolutely c to dare, take the liberty of
dzhiddijt m. Arabic 1 zeal, fervor; activity, energy Eastern I did not dare to leave.
diligently; actively; energetically 2 criticality, critical in dzharsm m. Arabic plural microorganisms
nature (of a problem); seriousness (of a question, etc.) 3 boldness dzharr h m. Arabic surgeon
dzhadd Arabic new; contemporary dzharht m. Arabic wound; ulcer; sore
dzhaddn newly dzharrh f. Arabic 1 surgery surgical
instruments lancet operating
239
table 2 [plural: dzharrahj plural: dzharmn m. 1 Germany 2 German

dzharrahigani] surgical operation dzharmn 1.1 m. Germany 1.2 German (person) 2
dzharr r Arabic 1 warlike, bellicose; brave 2 battle-worthy, fit adjective German
for combat dzharmo f.
dzhrsk m. cricket dzhrandagraj
dzhard m. Arabic 1 plural from 2 the press 1 dzhrnda
dzharjl m. 2 dzhahrnda f.
dzharm Arabic masculine plural of dzharandj m. 1 shaft regulating the speed of revolution of
dzharimpesh criminal, felonious a the millstones in a mill 2 sliding latch (of a door)
criminal dzhrang m.
dzharb m. Arabic scab, rash, mange dzhurnalst m.
dzharpj garrulous dzharnl m. colloquial general general (chief of
dzharr-i-sal m. crane, derrick tribal militia)
dzhirdzhr m. Arabic botany watercress dzharnel 1 adjective pertaining to the rank of general;
dzharh f. dzhrha f. Arabic wound general's 2 f. rank of general idiom highway, main
1 dzhra f. 1 rootlet, root (of a plant) 2 cotton road
2 dzhra f. 1
dzhar m. bachelor, unmarried man
dzharzjl m. 2
dzhurr m. [plural: dzhurrag n plural:
dzhars m. Arabic bell, hand bell dzhurraj n] hawk (male)
dzhur' f. Arabic mouthful, drink 3 dzhar f. 1
dzhar f. spark electrical spark dzharatb m. dzharav laj m. single life, unmarried
dzharkan f. action of digging a ditch (in order to drain a condition
swamp) 1
dzharr Arabic grammar inflected, variable
dzhrgv m. oblique form
dzhirgu m. dzhrgavl m. member of a jirga 2 dzhar plural of 3
(council) dzharaj n m. dzhirj n Arabic [plural: dzharajn na
dzhrga f. dzhirg dzharg 1 jirga, council of elders, council Arabic plural: dzharjan t] 1 movement, circulation;
of tribe or clan members; gathering, assembly flow circulation of air 2 flow, course (of time, events,
The Loya Jirga (convenes to decide the most important questions) etc.) 3 progress (of a matter, etc.) to be conducted, be
2 meeting, conference, gathering; convention carried on 4 trend (political, social) 5 electronics current
Conference of Writers to meet, confer; conduct a alternating current direct current
meeting, hold a conference to conduct a meeting positive electrical current negative electrical current
with someone compound verb a to take place (of a idiom dzharaj n-i- idiom dysentery
jirga, an assembly) b to meet, assemble (at a jirga, assembly) c to dzharajn t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 events
meet, confer 3 commission 4 the adat (traditional Islamic law political events 3 processes social
code) 5 matchmakers (go-betweens between parents of processes 4 process (of development, growth)
prospective couples) to send matchmakers, send dzharb m. Arabic jerib (an area measurement equivalent to
marriage brokers idiom official circles 1952 sq. meters) compound verb
dzhrgagj f. 1 commission, committee 2 colloquium; dzharibksh m. surveyor
seminar dzharibavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
dzhrgam r m. an expert in adat (traditional Islamic law) measure in jeribs 2 to carry out surveying work
dzhrgav l m. dzhrgavl m. 1 member of a dzharid f. m. Arabic [plural: dzharid] m. Arabic
jirga 2 marriage broker, go-between in arranging a marriage [plural: dzhard] newspaper (not a daily); magazine;
1
dzhurm m. Arabic fault, misdemeanor; crime periodical
criminal dzharid liknkaj m. journalist
2
dzhirm m. dzhirmna Arabic [plural: dizhirna dzhrz m. sweet gruel, porridge
Arabic plural: adzhr m] physics body, mass dzharimn f. fine to fine
heavenly bodies dzharim f. Arabic [plural: dzharim m. Arabic
3
dzhurm m. Dzhurm (city) plural: dzharm] fine
240
1
dzha m. 1 root (of a tree) 2 poison to administer dzhaena f. dialect
poison, poison idiom to be rooted in something 1 dzhz m. 1 hissing 2 bite (of snake, scorpion, wasp) a
2
dzha 1 tangled, entangled (of threads, etc.) 2 complex, to hiss b compound verb to bite, sting a to hiss b to be
complicated (of a problem) a to tangle, tangle up (threads, bitten, be stung
etc.) b to complicate (a problem) a to be tangled, be 2
dzhuz m. Arabic [plural: dzhuzna Arabic plural:
tangled up (thread) b to become complicated, get complicated (a adzhz ] 1 part, particle; portion, component of something else
problem, question) c to rush about, rush from one side to another to be a component of something else 2 edition (of
3
dzhu m. 1 seething, boiling, bubbling up 2 rumbling (in the a literary work); part (of a book) 3 printed page
stomach) to rumble 3 babbling, murmur (of a brook) 1
dzhaz f. [plural: dzhazg ni Arabic plural:
a to boil, seethe, bubble up b to babble, murmur dahaz vi] 1 punishment, retribution to be
dzha f. punished, suffer punishment; pay (for) to punish, inflict
dzhaamb sluggish, slack; weakened, enervated punishment upon to sentence, impose sentence
dzhang m. 1 purging cassia, Cassia fistula (a medicinal upon to be sentenced, have sentence imposed 2
plant) 2 Egyptian willow outcome, conclusion 3 grammar main clause (in conditional
dzha v decorated with precious stones sentence)
dzhaavavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 2 dzhz f.
decorate with precious stones 2 to place in a setting (diamond) dzhaz k-allh Arabic 1 May Allah reward him! 2 bravo;
dzhv f. kind of decoration or ornament of precious stones well-done; excellent
dzhavedl denominative, transitive [past: ] to be dzhazr m. Arabic plural 1 of 2
decorated with precious stones dzhzir 1 Algerian 2 m. Algerian (person)
dzhap m. medicine laxative dzhazjl m. long-barreled musket
dzhdzh empty, useless dzhazjlch m. musketeer, soldier armed with a musket
dzhudzhuj m. waterfall, cascade, cataract dzhazr Arabic 1 punitive 2 criminal
dzha m. dzhak m. regional jolt, shove, shock, tremor disciplinary measures
My heart skipped a beat. My heart went dzhuzbz f. hopscotch
pitapat. dzhizbz f. game of knucklebones
dzhak naj m. dzhurk naj increase, supplement dzhuzband f. stitching to stitch (e.g.,
dzhakzhk m. shaking, jolting, bumps commercial stitching of pages in books, pamphlets)
dzhal transitive dzhuzd n m. 1 notebook 2 folder (for paper)
dzhamj f. antidote (for poison) dzhazr m. Arabic ebb tide
dzhamo f. 1 medicine nettlerash to suffer dzhizghl heating up, roasting
from nettlerash 2 lump (from the bite of an insect) dzhzkj m. 1
dzhund m. dzhazm m. Arabic 1 truncation, cutting off sukun
dzngv m. rattle (the name of the supralinear symbol, which indicates that no vowel
dzhngah r m. dzhangj m. sound of small bells, sound follows) 2 amputation 3 decision idiom
sound of chimes decisiveness
dzhuobj m. dzhobj dzhuzv m. Arabic 2
dzhaavl transitive dzhuzut m m. Arabic military unit; formation (at any level)
1 dzha f. rose combat unit
2 dzha f. root (of a tree) idiom regional to root dzhuzvkr f. detail work, fine details
out, to eradicate, eliminate dzhuz-u-kl fully, in full
1
dzha f. 1 bark (of a dog) 2 cry, noise, din, uproar dzhzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause hissing,
a to go for while barking (dog) b to howl, cry out cause sputtering 2 to sting, bite 3 to fry, roast, grill
dzhaj f. foul weather, bad weather, rains, downpours
2
dzhuzv Arabic insignificant slight damage,
Last month there were many heavy insignificant loss
showers. dzhzah r m. dzhzah raj m. hissing, sputtering (e.g.,
3 dzhaj f. root of a plant used as an antitode for snakebite of roasting meat)
dzhi-bdzhi f. plural mud, slush dzhzedl intransitive [past: ]to hiss, sputter (e.g., of
dzhael intransitive roasting meat)
241
dzhazir f. Arabic [plural: dzhazir Arabic plural: dzha'ba expanding, expandable idiom
dzhazr] island accordion
dzhaziraghne f. dzhaziranum peninsula official abbreviation the title of the prime minister
dzhizj f. Arabic poll tax; tax; land tax
dzhuz Arabic 1 petty, insignificant 2 personal, separate, dzha'fr m. proper name Jafar
private 1 dzha'far m. botany marigolds
dzhuzij t m. Arabic plural details, particulars; minutiae 2 dzha'far f. grating, grill
other details dzha'l Arabic 1 m. counterfeit, falsification 2 predicative
dzhg m. blow or stroke with a knife (in butchering cattle) fake, counterfeit, falsified compound verb to counterfeit,
dzhgkj m. sound of flowing or streaming blood falsify
dzhggj m. hedgehog dzha'lsz adjective pretense; shame; dissembling
dzhgma
f. eyelid dzha'lkr f. forgery, falsification
dzhgh
r m. dzha'l 1 2 2 imaginary; unreal; deceptive
dzhas m. plural 1 1 dzgh dzhugh m. 1 yoke yoke of a plow 2
dzhasrt m. Arabic bravery, courage, valiance; audacity figurative yoke, oppression
dzhasmt m. Arabic size, sizes; scope; magnitude 2 dzhgh m. hissing, sputtering (e.g., of roasting meat)
1 dzhast m. plural zinc dzhh f.
2 dzhst to stand rooted to the ground dzhgh t m. effort, labor
to make a strong leap; rush headlong dzhghangh f. botany amaranthus, cock's comb
dzhustudzh f. searches to search dzhghvl m. 1 necklace 2 collar (e.g., for a dog)
dzhust-u-khz m. philosophy great advance, great leap dzhghbz m. blacksmith
forward dzhghat m. Jaghatu (district)
dzhist f. kind of woman's slipper dzhughd 1 roasted 2 burned up
1 dzhast zinc; zinc-plated galvanized-iron dzhughrf geographic
sheeting dzhughrfij f. geography geographer
2 dzhist plural of dzhughrfij geographic
dzhasd m. Arabic 1 body, corpus cadaver 2 dzhughrfij f.
hull, frame, fuselage dzhughrfijad n m. geographer
dzhisr m. Arabic pontoon, pontoon bridge dzhughaj f. formation of sores (on the toes from dirt,
dzhism m. Arabic [plural: adzhs m] 1 body pollution)
physics liquid body math polyhedron 2 deposit dzhughlanj m. agriculture one of a pair of wooden
geology continous deposit members on each side of a yoke through which the animal's head is
dzhismn Arabic corporeal; physical inserted
physical training; gymnastics dzhaghal f. gravel, crushed stone, riprap to surface
dzhsmn Arabic corporeally; physically a road with gravel
physically and morally dzhghnpaj m. rope fastening the yoke to the pole of a
dzhism Arabic 1 corporeal, physical physical cart
weakness 2 material; substantive dzhughandr m. singular & plural
dzhasr Arabic brave, bold, valorous brave lad, dzhghn m.
valorous fellow dzhghn m.
dzhasurn boldly, bravely, valorously dzhghunj m.
dzhasm Arabic cumbersome, massive dzhgh f.
dzhshkj m. hedgehog dzhgah r m.
dzhashn m. holiday, festival to celebrate dzhighj m. 1 woven wicker litter (for transporting corpses) 2
to arrange festivities to celebrate a 25th wicker basket
anniversary dzhughedl intransitive [past: ]1 to pester, be
dzhshaj m. agrimony, burdock importunate 2 to display persistence
dzha'b f. Arabic 1 drawer (e.g., of a table) 2 bellows (of a dzhughedlaj 1 past participle of 2.1 importunate
smithy) 3 box idiom anatomy larynx 2.2 persistent
242
dzhaf f. Arabic 1 oppression, suppression 2 cruelty 3 dzhagv pugnacious He is a quarrelsome

offense, injury a to oppress, suppress b to act cruelly fellow.
toward someone c to injure, offend a to endure oppression dzhagn m. 1 military major 2 warrior, soldier 3 plural
b to bear, put up with injury, insult obsolete troops
dzhafk r 1 cruel 2 m. .1 oppressor 2.2 offender 1
dzhagnj 1 fighting 2 military troops,
dzhafkr f. 1 oppression; violence 2 cruelty 3 insult, forces
injury 2 dzhagni f. military the rank of major; the title of major
1
dzhuft 1 m. pair four pairs of boots 2 paired; the rank of major
even even numbers dzhagav l 1
2 dzhuft dzhagavl transitive dialect
dzhuftka f. kicking with both feet to kick with dzhag f. dzhga 1 war world war
both feet civil war imperialist war
dzhuft f. agriculture mating, breeding, coupling to thermonuclear war, nuclear war cold war
mate, couple combat effectiveness 2 battle, clash, engagement, skirmish;
dzhakdzhk m. 1 cackling, clucking 2 chatter a conflict 3 struggle class struggle, class warfare
to cackle, cluck b to chatter, speak without a break political struggle struggle for existence
1
dzhak m. small waterbug a to talk nonsense b to philosophy struggle of antitheses,
be occupied with trivia or nonsense; do stupid things ! struggle of oppsing viewpoints 4 fight 5 quarrel; argument
Don't act stupidly! a to come into conflict b to quarrel a to go
2 dzhak m. churn; oil press to war, conduct warfare b to engage in battle, join a battle c to
dzhakt m. carry on a struggle, struggle d to fight e to quarrel, argue
1 dzhak m. storm, thunderstorm dzhagam r 1 m. .1 warlike, bellicose man, warrior 1.2
2 dzhak sluggish; lazy troublemaker 1.3 warmonger 2 attributive .1 combat; warring
3 dzhik m. destruction, ruin active army, army in the field 2.2 bellicose 2.3
dzhka-dzhka f. protracted quarrel; altercation peevish
1 dzhag m. jug, pitcher dzhagan k disputed a moot point, case in
2 dzhg dzhig 1 high, towering, elevated tall house dispute
height 2 tall, strapping 3 upright, vertical 4 high (of dzhagaj l dzhagajlj 1 bellicose 2 combat,
voice, noise) to cry out 5 high (of price) combative; warring
high-priced dzhagdz dzhag combat, operational
dzhg m. heat of battle the field of battle
dzhgtb m. dzhigtb dzhgtj f. dzhigtj dzhagedl intransitive dialect
dzhgturn m. captain dzhgkaraj m. glass
dzhig dzhg sound by which a bull is urged on to fight dzhagn sedge
to urge a bull to fight dzhgntj f. kind of unbleached muslin
1 dzhgdzhig m. dzhgdzhigj f. butting (as of dzhgv la f. dzhgv laj 1 altitude; height
horned animals) the altitude of a triangle 2 stature
2 dzhgdzhgj f. coaxing, prevailing upon dzhgavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
dzhg-dzhr completely healthy; in the pink raise, raise slightly to raise the hand to raise
dzhgkhul antiaircraft cannon the flag 2 to compel to stand up, make rise 3 to rise into the air
dzhigr m. combining form liver (e.g., a plane) 4 to thrust (a point) into to sting (of a
dzhigarkh r dzhigarkhr dzhigarkhn wasp, etc.) 5 to stir up, foment (mutiny, rebellion) 6 to develop,
suffering move forward 7 to raise (prices) 8 to mount (a horse, etc.) idiom
dzhifarkhun f. 1 suffering He to gather in the harvest
has suffered a lot. 2 grief 1 dzhga f. altitude, height; summit; eminence; raised place,
dzhigar 1 crimson 2 hepatic highland mountains and valleys
dzhg m. hut or temporary cabin (for hunters, etc.) made of 2 dzhig f. married woman
straw and brush 3 dzhga feminine singular of 2
243
dzhigj f. entreaty a to entreat b

1
dzhallk m.
to obtain the favorable notice of someone, get on the good side of dzhl la f. spring
someone dzhalv laj m. 1 separation, division 2 parting 3
dzhgj rather high
2
estrangement
dzhg-dzhg welcome (as a greeting) dzhalvatn dzhilvatn Arabic 1 m. .1 banishment 1.2
dzhgedl denominative [past: ] 1 to tower up, rise, emigre 1.3 exile 1.4 emigration 2 pertaining to emigration
rise up, go up 2 to get up, mount, ascend to get up on to expel, exile to leave one's native land,
the roof to ascend the mountain 3 to climb (aircraft), emigrate
make an ascent to arise in order to greet, pay dzhalvatna dzhilvatna emigre, one who has emigrated
respect to someone When do you get up in dzhalvatan f. dzhilvatan 1 emigration 2 banishment
the morning? 4 to rise (get louder, of noise) 5 figurative to dzhiljsh m. 2
ascend the heights, succeed 6 to rebel, rise up against someone 1 dzhalb m. Arabic 1 attraction (of attention) 2 involvement
A son does not rebel against his father. (in something) 3 military call-up summons to
dzhged m. plural noun of agent from military service 4 physics attraction
1 dzhal m. 1 hot wind; simoon 2 sunstroke a to be 2
dzhalb m. dzhilb to
destroyed or be ruined by a simoon b to have sunstroke escort someone
2
dzhal m. dialect moat (around a castle) dzhalb b m. Arabic 1 veil 2 bed curtain of netting
3
dzhal m. skylark (the bird) (protection against flies)
4
dzhul m. 1 hiding; concealment 2 limitation, constraint dzhalb-un-naz r m. Arabic attraction of attention
5
dzhl f. [plural: dzhli] girl to attract attention
6
dzhal m. 1 hedge 2 gateway 3 thorn bushes used as a 1 dzhalbl 1 m. .1 experience, suffering compound
windbreak around a house verb to torment, inflict suffering upon compound verb
7 dzhlla Arabic to suffer, experience suffering 1.2 brightness 2.1 predicative
1 dzhal f. dzhil Arabic exile, separation regional burned down 2.2 burned 2.3 figurative infuriated, hot-
2 dzhal f. Arabic polishing; imparting luster; burnishing tempered
to polish, burnish 2 dzhalbl adorned; dressed up to adorn; dress up
3 dzhl 1.1 separate; disconnected; withdrawn; severed 1.2 to be adorned; be dressed up
weaned (from the breast) 1.3 drained (of a canal, irrigation dzhalbl sparkling, radiant, glittering
channel) a to separate; divide; part dzhalbng m. dzhabang f. 1 stinging nettle 2
This thought will not leave. b to be weaned (from the breast) dialect reed
c to be drained (canal, irrigation ditch) 2 separately, apart, aloof dzhalbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
to live separately, live apart, live alone attract (attention) 2 to involve in something, attract to something
1 dzhul b m. Arabic laxative to take a laxative 3 to call up (to military service)
to administer a laxative 1 dzhalb m. military draftee
2 dzhall b m. Arabic 1 secondhand dealer, speculator 2 2 dzhalabj f.
herdsman, cattle dealer dzhalbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
dzhl t 1 m. .1 brave person 1.2 proper name Jalat 1.3 attracted (of attention) 2 to be involved in something, be attracted
2 attributive cruel, inhuman to something 3 to be called up, be drafted (for military service)
dzhltb m. 1 separation 2 solitude dzhalt 1 agile, quick; fast (of a horse) 2 rapid, hurried
dzhuldzhl m. bells (hung from the neck of a camel, etc.) dzhlta f. 1 corncrib made of wicker material 2 woven basket
dzhall d m. Arabic executioner idiom to adjoin, join oneself to someone
dzhala2d f. 1 occupation of executioner 2 cruelty, dzhalt f. dzhalj f. 1 agility; speed (of horse) 2
heartlessness rapidity, haste a swiftly; rapidly b quickly,
dzhal r m. irrigation wheel (worked on a stream bank) hurriedly, in a hurry to hurry, hasten
dzhal l m. Arabic greatness, glory dzhalladzhal la religion greatest
dzhallb d m. Jelalabad (city) 1 dzhild m. Arabic 1 binding (of a book) 2 volume 3 issue,
dzhalluddn m. Arabic proper name Jelal-ed-din copy (of a book, magazine) an edition of
dzhallatma b m. Arabic (his) Excellency (in addressing 1,000 copies 4 anatomy skin 5 classifier for counting pelts or
by title) skins
244
2 dzhald Arabic 2 dzhalj f. 1 cry, roar; noise, uproar 2 barking (of a dog)
dzhaldk Jaldak (place name) a to cry out, roar; make an uproar, cause a din,
dzhildgr m. bookbinder create a racket b to bark (of dogs)
1 Arabic 1 epidermal, skin skin 3 dzhil f. jelly
disease 2 leather the leather industry 4 dzhilj f. girl, little girl, young girl
2 dzhald f. dzhalj dzhalj -balj regional 1 flaming, burning 2
dzhalrz m. Jalriz (district) burned up, burned 3 figurative infuriated 4 figurative burning
dzhals f. Arabic [plural: dzhals Arabic plural: (with hatred) a to catch fire, begin to burn b to burn c
dzhals t] 1 conference; meeting, (mass) meeting to be infuriated d to burn (with some emotion, e.g., shame)
to confer; conduct a meeting, a (mass) meeting 2 session dzhall Arabic 1 great, glorious 2 esteemed (in official
dzhilgh m. tendril (of a climbing plant) correspondence)
dzhalghuz f. botany Pinus gerardiana (a pine tree with 1 dzhaljm r m. shouter
edible nuts) 2 nut tree 2 dzhljm r m. ladies' man; lady-killer
1 dzhalgh f. hide, pelt; sheepskin 1 dzham m. dzhamm Arabic 1 concentration of people, crowd
2 dzhilgh f. bad comrade, bad fellow-traveler 2 clan, tribe 3 4 mob attack 5 lead small-shot (rifle)
dzhilf Arabic featherbrained, frivolous 2 dzham m. storm, hurricane with rain; thunderstorm
dzhalk m. technology bobbin 3 dzhm turf 3
dzhlke f. 4 dzham
dzhlk f. push, shove, jolt, bump 5 dzham abbreviation
dzhilkj f. girl, little girl dzhum t m. mosque
dzhlg f. 1 plain; steppe 2 small meadow; pasture; grassplot dzhumt 1 at prayer in a mosque 2 m. devotee or attendant
dzhlga a variety of wool of a mosque
dzhannj f. regional kitchen dzham d m. Arabic [plural: dzhamdna Arabic
dzhalandr m. Jalandar (city, Punjab) plural: dzhamd t] mineral; mineral deposit; inorganic
1 dzhalandrj m. mill wheel substance
2 dzhlandarj f. 1 top (the children's toy) 2 oilcloth dzhamdn f.
dzhilv m. Arabic 1 bridle, rein, reins to lead a dzhamd Arabic inorganic; solid (of a body)
horse by the reins 2 retinue; escort to escort dzhumd' lukhr f. Arabic
somebody, accompany someone idiom to speak dzhumd' lvvl m. dzhumd'lul f.
without thinking Arabic Jumadalula (fifth month of the lunar year)
dzhal-u-bl dzhumd-as-sn f. dzhumdi-as-sn Arabic
dzhilavad r m. 1 escorting, accompanying someone 2 led, Jumadasani (sixth month of the lunar year)
on a lead (of pack animals); groom's dzhim f. Arabic copulation
dzhuls m. Arabic 1 accession to the throne; rein dzham't m. dzhum't Arabic 1 crowd 2 meeting 3
the 10th year of the reign 2 regional procession, parade mosque 4 class (in school) 5 regional organization (association)
dzhilavgir f. interruption, halt; forestalling, forbidding dzham l m. Arabic beauty, gracefulness
to halt an assault, break off an attack dzhaml-ud-dn m. Arabic proper name Jamal-ud-din
dzhalv f. Arabic 1 brightness, radiance 2 the nuptial dzhamlfurush f. coquetry
adornment of a bride dzhamlko f. dzhamlgo f. Croton seeds,
dzhalvag h m. nuptial throne castor oil tree seeds, (Croton tiglium, a laxative)
dzhalvagr 1 bright, radiant, sparkling 2 flirting, dzhaml 1 esthetic 2 beautiful, gracious
conquettish dzhamm f. indau (oil-producing plant)
dzhalvagar f. 1 brightness, radiance, glitter 2 dzhamhr m. Arabic plural of
conquettishness dzhamb z m.
dzhilav located up front, in front dzhamb m. rags; dilapidated, worn-out clothing
1 dzhal Arabic 1 manifest, clear, obvious 2 well-defined, dzhamb
large (of writing, etc.) This dzhambor f. boy-scout rally
communication was printed in large letters. dzhmbh crowd
dzhamb f.
245
dzhamdzhak f. storm dzham-u-dzhsh m. 1 confluence, accumulation 2

dzhamdzham f. Arabic skull, cranium abundance, profusion (e.g., of flowers)
dzhamd r history pin dzhumd m. Arabic 1 freezing; thickening; hardening 2
1 dzhamdr m. sword hardness, rigidity 3 figurative stagnation
2 dzhamdr m. wild oats stagnation in trade; economic stagnation
dzhamrd m. Jamrud (river, fortified place near Peshawar) 1 dzhum f. 1 1
dzhamshd m. proper name Jamshid, Jamshed 2 dzhma f. 1
dzhm' f. dzhm'a Arabic 1 collection, concentration; dhumhr m. Arabic 1 [plural: dzhamahr] republic
conjuction military ! Fall in! (as a command) 2 grammar the Union of Soviet Socialist
plural number 3 math addition addition Republics President of the Republic 2 concentration
items 4 total, sum compound verb a to collect; (of people)
concentrate; join together math b to add compound dzhumhur Arabic republican
verb a to be collected; be concentrated; be joined together b to dzhumhurijt m. Arabic republic; the republican system
shrink (of cloth) c math to be added dzhumhurijt m. guhutnkaj m.
dzhm'an Arabic 1 in unison, together 2 in the aggregate; in dzhumhurikh n m. republican
toto, in sum dzhumhurij Arabic president of a republic
dzham'var f. collection; gathering; procurement dzhmaj m. dialect
dzhama'khrch m. credit and debit account dzhamj f.
dzhama'd r m. 1 military obsolete officer rank 2 dzhamjk f. Jamaica (island)
regional overseer, guard (prison) 3 regional military junior dzhamil f. proper name Jamila
lieutenant 1 dzhn f. dialect girl, little girl
dzhuma'g f. obsolete 1 scholarship money, stipend paid to 2 dzhin m. dzhinn Arabic evil spirit, devil, demon; jinn
pupils on Fridays 2 gift from pupils to a teacher offered on dzhn adjectival suffix sad, sorrowful
Fridays dzhan b m. Arabic 1 His Excellency (title of high rank) 2
dzham'niz m m. military close order Master, Mister, Honorable Sir Master, Mister, Sir
1 dzhum' Arabic 1 f. Arabic Friday weekly 2 Honored Teacher (form of respectful address to a
m. proper name Juma teacher)
dzhm'a f.
2
dzhan h m. Arabic 1 wing; side 2 military flank
dzhm'i plural of dzhanh Arabic 1 side, lateral 2 military flank, flanking
dzham'ijt m. Arabic 1 meeting; society, association flanking fire wide enveloping movement
Council of Ulemas (Muslim theologians, scholars, Islamic around the flank
law specialists) 2 population 3 grammar plurality 4 riches 5 dzhinz f. dzhana 1 obsequies, burial services 2 corpse,
quiet, tranquility deceased to bury somebody, inter
dzham'ijatkhtr m. quiet, tranquillity someone
dzhamgl m. kind of caracul dzhanvr m. 1 wild animal 2 bird (usually a game bird)
dzhmgnj adjective winter dzhinjt m. Arabic crime to commit a crime
dzhumag 1 weekly 2 Friday dzhinjatk r one who has committed a crime
dzhumltn Arabic in toto, in sum, total a criminal
dzhuml f. Arabic 1 aggregate, sum, total, in total dzhinajatkrn criminal; felonious
from their number, including dzhin Arabic criminal; felonious criminal
from this quantity 2 [plural: dzhuml] m. Arabic indictment criminal; felon; perpetrator of a crime
[plural: dzhuml t] phrase, sentence 3 words dzhanb m. Arabic [plural: dzhunb plural:
dzhumlaband f. 1 combination of words in a sentence 2 adzhnb] flank, side
phraseology dzhunb Arabic religion defiled, impure
dzhml m. plural twins dzhamb z m. dzhambz f. 1 uneven gait 2 wave
dzhimn zijm m. 1 gymnasium 2 stadium (e.g., on a river) a to ride bumpily, drive bouncing up b
dzhimnstk m. gymnastics to wave, covered with waves
dzhimnzijm m. dzhumb n 1 quivering, vibrating 2 shaking, oscillating
dzham m. Jammu (province)
246
dzhumbsh m. 1 choppiness, oscillation; rocking, jolting 2 dzhhindka f. small coin

development, progress dzhan 1 standing, vertical 2 firm, stable
dzhambk dzhambk dense, crowded idiom dzhan greedy, grasping
astronomy the Pleaides dzhan f. dzhunj f. 1 flag; banner 2 Eastern signal
dzhamb f. dzhumb Arabic 1 crowd 2 group, flag to communicate by flag signals
grouping; clique cliquishness; discords 3 aspect, dzhenertr m. technology generator
perspective 4 tendency 5 grammar aspect the aspect dzhanr l m. dzhener l 1 military general
of a verb 6 support compound verb to be a follower, be major-general lieutenant-general colonel-
a partisan of someone; associate oneself with someone 7 suite, general general of the Army 2 general-, general's
retinue consul-general
dzhambad r 1 partial, biased 2 m. partisan, supporter dzhanrl 1 pertaining to a general 2 rank of general
dzhambadr f. partiality, bias dzhenerer m.
dzhambam r m. member of a group dzhins m. Arabic [plural: dzhinsna Arabic plural:
dzhant m. dzhannt Arabic heaven, paradise adzhn s] 1 sort, kind; variety 2 species, breed (of animals)
heavenly gardens, paradisiacal gardens 3 thing; commodity a separately
dzhantar f. calendar old style (in chronology) economics trade on the
dzhannat 1 inhabitant of paradise 2.1 heavenly 2.2 principle of net-balance commodity circulation 4
marvelous, wonderful a marvelous night biology sex 5 make (e.g., of automobile)
dzhandzh m. nuptial procession dzhnasn Arabic in nature, by nature
dzhandzh aj fading, withering dzhins Arabic 1 goods, commodity, pertaining to things,
dzhandzh l m. 1 agitation, anxiety, trouble to articles, material warehouse manager 2 sexual
worry (about), take trouble (to) 2 complication, difficulty dzhinsijt m. Arabic 1 grade; quality 2 homogeneity,
political complications 3 quarrel; scandal a to uniformity 3 biology sex
worry, disturb, alarm b to create complications, cause difficulties dzhanodz f. dzhanoz f. dzhanozj m. 1
c to quarrel with, start a row 4 unpleasantness 5 load, burden 6 2 percussion cap
unpleasant personality dzhinkv laj m. dialect virginity
dzhandzhl 1.1 anxious, troubled; embarassing 1.2 dzhinakj f. [plural: dzhinakj plural:
disputed vexed question, moot question 1.3 dzhinakj ni] girl, little girl, young girl
unpleasant 1.4 onerous 2.1 f. complication, difficulty 2.2 f. 1
dzhang m. 1 fight, battle, engagement
unpleasantness 2.3 troublemaker, mischief-maker hand-to-hand combat single combat
dzhandzh m. dzhandzhk m. botany hedge the field of combat, field of battle to attack someone 2
mustard, Sisymbrium war world war war of liberation
1 dzhandzhj duty, responsibility; obligation just war unjust war, aggressive war
2 dzhandzhaj f. botany bindweed, Convolvulus nuclear war, thermonuclear war cold war
1 dzhandzh m. botany pigeon pea, Cajanus indicus to go to war, attack someone 3 struggle 4 quarrel;
2 dzhandzh m. cartridge case brawl; fistfight a to stir up war b to start a quarrel,
3 dzhandzh m. 1 red chintz 2 inflamed wound start a row set to fighting (cocks, quail)
1 dzhandzhj m. [plural: dzhandzh plural: a to conduct a battle, battle b to war, carry on a war c to
dzhandzhij n] participant in the bridgeroom's procession struggle, conduct a struggle d to quarrel; row; fight
dzhandzhj f. participant in the bridegroom's procession
2
a to join battle b to start a war
dzhunh f. Arabic fault, breach of conduct, manners 2 dzhung m. 1 collection of something 2 chrestomathy,
1 dzhund m. basis, essence collected writings
2 dzhund m. piece (of pastry, etc.) 3 dzhung camel calf
dzhandr m. 1 dzhang achavnkaj m. 1 instigator of war 2 brawler,
1 dzhandra f. rake troublemaker
2 dzhandr f. padlock to padlock dzhangazmud experienced in battle, battle-hardened
3 dzhndra f. dzhandrj f. 1 wire-drawing machine dzhangandz f. starting of a war to
(of jewelers, etc.) 2 screw-cutting device 3 form for incite to war, start a war
straightening shell cases dzhangvr
247
dzhangvar f. war; conduct of military operations dzhangjlj 1 bellicose m. 2 warrior, soldier

dzhangbaj m. ivy dzhangjlitb m. bellicosity
dzhangdzh dzhangdzhj 1.1 bellicose 1.2 dzhangedl intransitive [past: ]1 to war; wage war
rowdy; pugnacious 2 m. .1 warmonger, one who incites war 2.2 to wage war to a (victorious) conclusion 2 to
rowdy, brawler, troublemaker struggle to struggle for freedom 3 to engage in
dzhangdzhu f. 1 bellicosity 2 pugnacity conflict a to war with
dzhangdz j m. field of battle, field of combat; location of another party b to engage in conflict with someone 4 to quarrel
military operations, arena of military operations to engage in dissention with someone;
dzhangdid experienced in battles, experienced in military cause feuds 5 to allude to, touch upon
matters dzhanged m. plural 1 conduct of war 2 struggle for
1
dzhangr battle-worthy; combatative a battle- something 3 fight 4 quarreling
worthy army dzhin nivlaj possessed, obsessed
2 dzhangr f. pitchfork dzhinva f. Geneva (city)
dzhangrz m. 1 field of battle, field of combat 2 1 dzhanb m. Arabic south south of the
withdrawl while fighting battles city dzhanub-i southeast dzhanub-i
1 dzhang 1 southeasterly dzhanub-i southwest
2 dzhang m. thicket, bushes dzhanub-i southwesterly
3 dzhunga f. 2 dzhumub m. Arabic plural of 1
dzhangl m. woods; bushes dzhanubkhatz southeasterly
dzhangalb gh m. grove; park; stands of trees dzhanublvedz southwesterly
dzhangalbn f. forestry dzhanub southern
dzhangalk m. Jangalyak (district of Kabul) dzhanubikhatz
1 dzhangl f. 1 grille window 2 parapet; railing on a roof; dzhanubilvedz
border rail dzhnut raj m. tender youth, delicate youth
2 dzhangl oblique singular of dzhnote f. little girl
dzhangal adjective 1 pertaining to tree, forest, or lumber 2 dzhanvar f. January
wild dzhunn m. Arabic madness, insanity
dzhngnj m. goat kid born in winter dzhununi mad, insane
dzhang-u-dzhadl 1 struggle 2 conflict; collision 1 dzhnj f. dzhinj Eastern 4
dzhangraj m. skirmish, fight, encounter 2 dzhinn Arabic 1 obessed; possessed 2 obstinate, stubborn
dzhangavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to go to dzhanin m. Arabic biology fetus, embryo
war; compel to engage in warfare 2 to cause to collide, incite two dzhdzh m. kind of cartridge
parties to fight, set dogs on a to dzhadzhuk m. person given to subterfuges or excuses;
incite to war, compel to fight against one another b to collide with person who is evading something
one another; quarrel with one another dzhaa-dzhaa f. subterfuge, excuse; evasion; equivocal
1 dzhang f. plow handle without subterfuges, without excuses
2 dzhang f. excessive profits; excess profits evasively to use evasions, try to get out of
3 dzhnga feminine of 3 1 dzhav m. Arabic air, atmosphere
1 dzhang 1 m. warrior, soldier 2.1 warlike; military 2 dzhav m. singular & plural botany oats
warrior military aircraft military dzhav b m. Arabic 1 answer a definite answer
feats ammunition 2.2 bellicose warlike an indefinite answer, evasive answer; a refusal,
spirit; bellicosity 2.3 military operational, line, front-line declination quarrel, altercation, wrangling to
line personnel 2.4 literature epic answer to receive an answer 2 dismissal, discharge 3
2 dzhungj m. camel calf refusal a to give an answer b to fire, release c to
3 dzhungj well-cut, well-formed (of clothing, etc.) dismiss proverb literally As the question
4 dzhungj m. long woolen stockings is, so is the answer. figurative Do unto others as you would have
5 dzhungj m. (short) jacket them do unto you.
6 dzhangj f. thicket, grove, coppice; planting (of mulberry dzhavbdh responsible, carrying responsibility,
bushes) responsible for something
248
dzhavbdeh f. responsibility dzhub f. sheet, towel (for wiping, drying)

dzhavbnm f. written answer dzhob m. dewlap
dzhavb Arabic given in answer, answering dzhbl dialect
countermeasures dzhoblabl transitive
1 dzv r m. dzav r plural maize, corn sorghum dzhbla f. dialect
maize, corn dzhobld intransitive
2 dzhiv r m. Arabic vicinity; proximity dzhob f. market
near to him; in proximity to him dzhup
dzhavrpk f. shelling maize, shelling corn dzhopa f. 1 caravan caravan road
dzhuvrkra f. section of land sown with maize or corn; to be in the caravan transport business; in groups 2 group,
field with corn, maize crop pile 3 turn (as in "your turn") 4 batch (of goods)
dzhavrgr m. dzhopaangh m. caravansari
dzhvrgra f. dzhopamshr m. caravan leader
1 dzhvr m. dzhuvr plural, sometimes singular maize, dzhopav l m. member of a caravan
corn 1 dzhavt clear, evident; elucidated; established
2 dzhavr f. card game; gambling game 2 dzhavt 1 adjoining sitting alongside 2
3 dzhvrj m. corn bread forming a pair; even
dzhavrigr m. card player; gambler dzhavtk 1 adjoining 2 close
dzhvrna f. 3 dzhavtaki f. plural 1 constellation of two stars 2 jumps,
1 dzhav z m. Arabic 1 authorization, pass to be leaps 3 jerking the feet
permitted 2 licence 3 certificate, document 4 diploma 1
dzhavtavl transitive [past: ] to harness, harness
(certification of completion of an institution of learning) 5 up, hitch up
permission 2
dzhavtavl denominative [past: ] to make clear,
dzhav z m. press (for extracting juice, oil, etc.)
2
apparent; explain; establish (through explication)
dzhavzlk m. dzhavznm 1 licence 2 dzhavatavna f. explanation; establishment (i.e., of a fact)
certificate, document 1 dzhot dzhavtj adjective 1 draught, draft, work 2
dzhv l m. dzhuv l bag, sack idiom domestic a draft, work animal b domestic animals 3
to support someone (in an affair or an undertaking) regional commonplace, everyday
to have dealings with a fool 2 dzhutj f. slipper; shoe (woman's)
dzhvl m. dzhuvl porter; stevedore dzhavatedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
dzhvlitb m. dzhuvlitb work of a porter or stevedore become clear, become evident; be explained; be established
dzhavm' m. Arabic plural of 2 and 1 1 dzhu 1 sad 2 vain, idle, futile 3 spurned, rejected
dzhav n 2 dzhu m. buffalo calf
dzhavnb m. Arabic plural of 3 dzhu m. plural jute
dzhavnbkht dzhutavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
dzhavntb m. grieve, upset 2 to reject, spurn 3 to spend vainly, spend uselessly
dzhavnmrd m. 1 dzho m. 2
dzhavnv n m. botany Amni copticum, Trachyspermum 2 dzhu f. garbage; leavings, leftovers
copticum (a kind of herb) 3 dzhu false, counterfeit
1 dzhivan m. dzhiuvan calf, bull calf in the third year dzhuj f. 1 swinging to rock, swing 2 nodding,
2 dzhavn f. sprout to sprout drowsing a to rock b to nod, drowse
dzhavn f. dzhudzhra f. dzhudzhraj m. 1 dewlap 2 double
dzhavnidn f. pimple chin 3 craw, crop (of a bird) 4 military magazine (of a rifle,
dzhavhr m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 [plural: revolver)
dzhavhirna Arabic plural: dzhavhir t] precious dzhdzha-mdzhdzha f. God and Magog
stone; jewel dzhodzhis m. sports jiujitsu
dzhavhirkhn f. storage place for valuables or jewels; dzhukht
precious stones dzhukhtavl denominative, transitive
dzhavhir m. jeweler dzhukhtv laj m.
249
dzhud m. Arabic generosity the chemical composition of air idiom build,

dzhavdr m. denominative, transitive 1 2
2 wild rye, frame
Secale cereale Afghanicum dzhok aj m. stone (monument) erected as a token of
1
dzhavr m. Arabic violence to coerce, torture, peace
torment dzholk m. 1 reconciliation, peaceful settlement 2 peace
dzhavr
2
treaty
3 dzhor m. quality of being well-cooked (of rice) dzhung m.
dzhavartj f. dzhov laj m. 1 health 2 agreement, harmony 3 state of
dzhordzhun m. Georgetown (city) being in adjustment, well-regulated state
dzhavrs m. Javras (kind of apple) dzhub m. splash (water)
dzhorka f. dzuobj m. waterfall
dzhormla fat (of cattle) dzhoravl [past: ] 1.1 to build, construct; weave
dzhurnlst m. (nest) 1.2 to produce, manufacture, make 1.3 to put in order,
dzhavarv laj m. regulate, adjust 1.4 to create, form; shape 1.5 to rehabilitate 1.6
1 dzhurj m. dzhurj f. tankard, quart (measure used in to sew to sew a dress 1.7 to cut hair 1.8 to heal, cure
the sale of sour milk) 1.9 to lay out (a park, garden, etc.) 1.10 to settle (a quarrel) 1.11
2 dzhurj edging to draw up, form up (in a rank) 1.12 to arrange, convoke, call,
3 dzhavre f. plural dialect 2 convene (a meeting, conference, etc.) 1.13 to draw up, draft (e.g.,
dzhuredl intransitive [past: ] to penetrate (into the a plan, document) 1.14 to compose (a story, song, etc.) 1.15 to
organism, of poison, etc.) set up, start (a hubub, noisy row, etc.) 1.16 to dress up; to array
1
dzho 1.1 adjusted, organized; being in order 1.2 healthy, (in) 1.17 to be a part of something 1.18 to get, obtain (e.g.,
whole, unharmed Are you well? quite hale and passport) 2 m. plural
hearty to inquire of someone about 1
dzhoavlo oblique plural of
the health of his relatives 1.3 sufficient dzhoavlo Eastern imperfective of vice
There is enough water in the aryk 1.4 convened (of a dzhoavna f.
conference) 1.5 ready; prepared; made ready 2.1 indeed, quite 1 dzha f. harmony, peace I will not
2.2 precisely, just just today, on this very day 2.3 at get along with him. He sided with him.
once, immediately 2.4 accordingly 2.5 just right (of dress) They came to an agreement with them.
2 dzhu m. 3 2 dzha feminine singular of
dzho b 1.1 m. handsomeness; beauty; elegance 1.2 m. 3 dzho f. 1 pair four pairs of shoes 2 match;
appearance, form 2 beautiful (of clothing) rival There was none equal to
dzhobedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 him in playing the rubab. 3 clothing sent by the bridgeroom to the
to grow prettier 2 to take shape, form bride to send clothing to the bride 4 song with two
dzhu nga f. 1 strip of old cloth 2 icicle singers alternating
dzhoav imperfective of 1
dzoj f. gown of cotton cloth (cut in a form-fitting manner)
dzhotz f. greeting to arise in order 2
dzhuj f. 1 small waterfall, cascade 2 singing (of
to greet Eastern to exchange greetings children)
dzhotb m. dzhotj f. 1 health 2 well-being 3 3 dzhe really, indeed; just, on the point of
state of being well-adjusted, regulated 4 readiness; preparation, dzhoredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
training build for someone, be built; be woven, be made (of a nest) 2 to be
dzhudzhuj f. small waterfall, cascade produced, be manufactured, be made 3 to be put in order, be
dzhorht m. 1 construction, structure, building under adjusted; be created, be formed; be shaped 4 to be created, be
construction construction materials 2 creation, formed; be shaped; arise 5 to be rehabilitated 6 to be sewed 7 to
formation 3 production, manufacturing, making 4 agreement, be shorn, have the hair cut 8 to get better, recover
harmony We do not get along with to get better, recover 9 to heal (of a wound) 10 to be laid out
them. 5 compact, agreement to enter into a (garden, park, etc.) 11 to be settled (quarrel) 12 to be drawn up,
compact, come to an agreement with someone 6 system (of be formed up (in a line) 13 to be arranged, be convened, be
government organization) 7 composition, make-up called, be conducted (a meeting, conference) 14 to be drawn up,
be drafted (plan, document) 15 to be composed (story, song, etc.)
250
16 to be started up (noisy row) 17 to be dressed up, be arrayed in dzhughedl intransitive

18 to consist of something 19 to get along with someone 20 dzhauf m. Arabic anatomy cavity
[past: ]to be decided; set about an affair or piece of 1 dzhuk m. weight
business 2 dzhuk m. 1 place where a camel lays to rest 2 melting
dzhoed m. plural 1 construction, structure 2 production, down (boiling down sugar)

manufacture, making 3 putting into order; adjusting 4 creation, 3 dzhavk m. linnet
forming; shaping; origin 5 rehabilitation 6 sewing; needlework 7 dzhukl dzhakl transitive [past: ] to weigh
haircut 8 recovery, return to health 9 healing (of a wound) 10 dzhukm r m. fire man, fire tender (in the boiling down of
laying out (garden, park, etc.) 11 settling (a quarrel) 12 forming sugar)
up, drawing up (in a line) 13 arrangement, convening, conducting dzhaukb coarsely ground, crushed (of corn) to
(a meeting, conference, etc.) 14 drafting, drawing up (plan grind coarsely, crush
document, etc.) 15 composition (story, song, etc.) 16 dzhka f. leech idiom It was of no avail.
construction, design (e.g., aircraft) It was useless.
dzhavz m. Arabic plural nut; nuts betel nut dzhukedl intransitive [past: ]to be weighed
dzhavz f. Arabic 1 astronomy Gemini 2 Javza (the third dzhog m. figurative vegetation eaten by camels (literally:
month of the solar year; May-June) camel bush)
dzhavzbuj f. dzhog 1 m. .1 anchorite; hermit; beggar, dervish 1.2 breed
dzhozdzh n m. history Jozjan (district) of pigeons 2 predicative yellow yellow color
Jozjan Province dzhol m. [plural: dzholg n plural:
dzhavz f. nutmeg dzholj n] 1 cloth, fabric 2 spider spider web
dzhavs m. 1 field, square 2 courtyard (of a house) dzholg aj m. velocipede
dzhavsr closely adjoining; located alongside dzholgar f. weaving, textile industry
dzhavsaravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to dzhulgk m. spider mite (an insect pest of cotton and other
place up against; place alongside plants)
dzhavsaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to dzholgj m. spider
adjoin closely; take up a position alongside dzhavl n m. dzhaval n Arabic 1 rotation, circulation 2
1
dzhus f. face wandering, roving
2
dzhavsa f. wall cupboard dzhavlng h m. riding school
dzhosh m. 1 disturbance; excitement 2 ardor, fervor, elan, dzhol h m.
enthusiasm to sing with fervor 3 boiling 1 dzhol f.
a to begin to boil b to boil 4 passion 5 2 dzhul j m. dzhul ji July
welding to weld 6 to grow together, knit up 1 dzhol f. 1
a to begin to boil b to boil c to grow together, knit 2 dzhavl f. form, shape to dress up as a
dzhoshnd f. medicinal extract, decoction woman
dzhoshkharsh m. 3 dzhol f.
dzhoshn k exciting, rousing (of a speech, of words) dzholj f. 1 hem (of a dress) 2 bosom to
dzhosh-u-kharsh m. ardor, fervor, elan, enthusiasm beseech someone on one's knees
dzhoshavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to dzhum m. [plural: dzhumna Western plural:
boil 2 to pour boiling water over, scald dzhum n] piece of turf picked up with a shovel
dzhuht dzhuhht dzhumb m. 1 cattle with a very large dewlap 2 man
dzhugh m. 1 dressed in baggy clothes
dzhu kaj m. 1 dimple 2 bottom (of a dish, pot) dzhomolungm f. Jomolungma (formerly Everest)
1 dzhud subject to, dependent on dzhum f. 1
2 dzhud roasted to roast to be dzhun m. June
roasted dzhvand m. dialect
dzhurj m. hole; crack; opening dzhvandn m. dialect
dzhuj m. pit dzhvandj dialect
dzhuundr m. beet dzhunj m. pompom
dzhugh f. dzhunakj f. dialect
251
1 dzhong m. 1 2
dzhih z m. dzhih z m. Arabic 1 dowry (of a bride)
2 dzhong m. notebook 2 decor, furniture
dzhong lazy; indolent dzhahrn f. navigation, shipping
dzhongr f. dzhongj f. 1 shack shipping company
(temporary) cabin 2 hut; lodge dzhahzsaz f. shipbuilding shipyard,
dzhongj f. frame by which the weaver's beam is fastened dockyard
to the loom dzhahzv n m. 1 sailor, seaman 2 navigator; helmsman,
dzhong f. pilot
dzhungu m. uncultivated person dzhahz m. regional sailor
1 dzhongj m. baby camel, camel calf dzhahlt m. Arabic savagery, barbarism; ignorance
2 dzhongj m. increase, raise (above what is fitting or dzhah n m. dzhih n 1 world, universe 2 people idiom
appropriate) to give oneself airs
dialect plural of 1 dzhahnafrz figurative that which illuminates the world
dzhunj f. dialect 2 (of the sun) (literally: illuminating the world)
dzhuv m. pool, reservoir; pond dzhahnbin f. 1 (world) outlook 2 knowledge of the
dzhovl Eastern world
dzhov f. shaft or channel for irrigation dzhah n hajrnavnkaj striking, staggering,
dzhavhr m. Arabic [plural: dzhavahir plural: surprising the world
dzhavhar t plural: dzhavharna] 1 precious stone; jewel, dzhahndid having seen much, worldly; experienced,
valuable 2 flash (e.g., of a blade) 3 extract; essence 4 chemistry worldly-wise
alkaloid; acid; compound sulphate 5 figurative dzhahnsz committing the entire world to flames (epithet
substance, essential quality 6 figurative valor 7 figurative merit, of a conqueror)
virtue dzhahngrd 1 having travelled over the world 2 m.
dzhavhard r 1 shining, flashing 2 figurative efficient, traveller; tourist
businesslike; experienced dzhahngr 1 having conquered the world (epithet of an
dzhavhar 1.1 essential 1.2 painted, colored 1.3 aniline (of emperor) 2 m. proper name Jehangir
dyes) 2 m. jeweler dzhahnvatan 1 f. cosmopolitanism 2 cosmopolitan
dzhuha f. fold; crease, wrinkle dzhahn adjective world the world economy
1 dzhuj m. irrigation shaft; small irrigation ditch or channel the world in its entirety
to build a system of irrigation shafts or irrigation ditches dzhiht m. Arabic 1 side, direction 2 reason, basis
2 dzhavv Arabic atmospheric, meterologic for this reason, therefore for this
meteorologic conditions reason precisely because of this, for this very reason
dzhojr m. dzhv m. 1 puddle (after a rain) 2 gutter dzhahdzhh call used in driving cattle
dzhujk m. small irrigation shaft or channel dzhahd m. Arabic striving, effort to try,
dzhojl transitive endeavor, make efforts
dzhoj f. 1
dzhahr m. Arabic 2 loudly, publicly, for all
dzho f. hem (of a dress) to know
1 dzhah m. unity; harmony, accord 2 dzhihr m. jikhr (a dance performed by men)
2 dzhah 1 obstinate, disobedient 2 resolved to resist to the end dzhag f. regional
to insist (on) to show stubborn resistance dzhahl m. Arabic 1 ignorance, lack of knowledge 2
dzhih d m. Arabic religion 1 jihad, holy war against infidels recklessness, foolhardiness a to be ignorant b to display
and invaders 2 vigorous struggle; merciless conflict recklessness
dzhhbaj m. botany variety of rue dzhhmdzhaka m. thunderstorm
1 dzhah z m. Arabic 1 ship, boat combat vessel dzhhan f. dzhhan f. regional banner
space ship Eastern aircraft 2 biology dzhahannm m. Arabic religion hell, firey Gehenna
vessel 3 physiology system, organ(s) respiratory the Nether Regions
system physiology circulatory organs 4 dzhahannam Arabic infernal, hellish
device, apparatus radio receiver dzhahd m.
dzhahl Arabic extremely ignorant, backward
252
dzhahul f. 1 dzhinkj little girl

dzhahz m. dowry (of a bride) dzhindzh m. botany 1 1 2 nutmeg flower, Nigella
dzhil m. lake Lake Sarykul' the Aral dzhindzhok gift of food sent on the first day of the
Sea the Caspian Sea wedding from the home of the relatives of the bride
1 dzhaj m. 1 dzhindzh weak, feeble
2 dzhj f. 2 dzhing
3 dzhi regional lord, master (as a form of address) dzhing 1 unthinking 2 dumb; taciturn
dzh suffix d dzhingd aj open-mouthed; with bared teeth
dzhilodzhist 1 geological 2 m. geologist dzhing 1 cowardly 2 weak, puny (of a child) 3 flabby
dzhilodzh dzhilozh 1 f. geology 2 geologic dzhingavl denominative, transitive
dzheb m. Arabic 1 pocket handbag dzhingedl intransitive
to be penniless 2 gift of food sent to a fianc by the bride's 1 dzhiniv f. Geneva (city)
relatives 2 dzhnu f. Genoa (city)
dzhibt f. dzhiba f. 1 coverlet 2 sheet, towel (for dzhinj f. young woman, girl
drying off) dzhiv children's speech Yes, yes! Of course! I'll do everything
dzheb adjective pocket for you!
dzhitj m. round, flat pebble dzhijordzhj Georgia
1 dzhe m. dzhi botany restharrow
2 dzhe m. Jet (third month of the Hindu calendar, May-June)
3 dzhe m. place near the hearth (used for storing pressed-dung
fuel) che the eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet (also called chim)
4
dzhe jet jet aircraft ch oblique form of the preposition 1 who (used as the
dzhik push, shove, bump, jolt to receive a push, subject of the action in and the ergative construction)
shove, bump or jolt to push, shove, etc. Who beat him? Who built this irrigation
dzhidzhrj f. iron or brass milk pail system? 2 who, whom (used with prepositions, postpositions and
1 dzhidzh f. plural children's speech breast adverbs) Western To whom did you
2 dzhidzhaj m. Himalayan pheasant sell the rifle? Who made that dress for you?
dzhejhn m. Arabic histroy the Amu-Darya For someone? In whom?
River dari -ji Amu-Darya River Whose house is this? With whom are
dzhajd Arabic prominent, eminent (of an eclesiastic), saintly, you going? Eastern ( at) someone's
venerable (place) to whom
dzhir f. ration, allowance; standard ration chb ra f. efficient woman; good housekeeper
dzhiraband f. allotment, rationing (of food, etc.); chbj f. pan of weighing scales
allocation by ration card ration card system chbk chbk 1 quick, swift; lively; agile, prompt 2 rapid,
dzhgma f. fast He is going very fast.
dzhesl transitive [past: ] to oppress; offend chbktgaj light vehicle
dzhigh f. 1 plume (on a hat, headdress) 2 crest (of a bird) chbktb m. chabktja f. 1
dzhekt m. chbukdst 1
1 dzhel m. colloquial chbukdast f. 1 1
2 dzhel m. prison to be in prison chbkavl denominative [past: ] to hasten, act
3 dzhel m. 1 column of prisoners 2 bucket on a noria (or more quickly to hasten one's steps
water wheel) 1 chbk chbuk f. 1 quickness, swiftness; liveliness,
dzhelkhn f. Eastern 2 agility; promptness 2 speed, velocity quickly;
dzhilgh m. 1 crupper (harness) 2 saddlecloth 3 cluster (of promptly a to be prompt, be adroit b to hasten, hurry
nuts) 4 row 2 chbukj f. cockroach
1 dzhim m. Arabic name of the letter chbkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2 dzhim m. ticking (cloth) hurried, be hastened
3 dzhim m. hunting pitfall trap for wolves 1
chp 1 m. .1 printing, print the printing
dzhin m. technology 1 gin 2 ginning (of cotton) industry to bring out,
253
publish 1.2 composition (typographic) 1.3 lithographic stone 2 chchj f. children's speech paw, hand (i.e., palm)
1.4 impression, imprint 1.5 edition first edition 1.6 to clap hands, pat-a-cake
print a pattern (on cloth, paper) 1.7 brand (factory) 2.1 printed 1 chkhavl transitive dialect [past: ] to hurry
2.2 published, issued 2 chkhl swift pace, headlong running
2 chp m. military caliber chkhedl intransitive dialect [past: ] to hurry,
3 chp m. hasten
chpt m. 1 booklet or list of written instructions 2 cutting 3 chd m. Chad
incision chdr m. 1 coverlet 2 sheet 3 chador
chpkhn f. printshop, publishing house chdarnishna a female hermit, anchorite;
chp kh 1 open, wide-open 2 spacious, wide woman following the rule of the solitary life b woman wearing
chpka f. dried-dung fuel cakes the chador
chpgr m. printer chdar f. chador
chpl kha f. chd 1.1 simple; open-hearted; trustful 1.2 stupid,
chpls m. toady, flatterer; lickspittle unintelligent 2 m. [plural: chdij n] simpleton; dope, fool
chplus f. bootlicking, flattery chditb m. 1 simplicity; open-heartedness;
chpvl m. 1 printer 2 stamp-press operator credulity 2 stupidity; imbecility
chpavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to print chd-chakam r 1 very stupid 2 m. idiot, fool
to reprint chr m. dialect f. [plural: ch ri Eastern plural:
chpvna f. printing, print ch re] 1 How are things? Is everything alright?
chp f. archaeology 1 composition (typographic) ! I wish you success!
to print 2 lithographic stone 3 pattern (on cloth, paper) chrabr m. youth
4 large sheaf 5 chrand m m. plural religion ablution, lavabo
2
chpakhn f. chrin f. history hauberk, shirt of mail; armor

chp 1 f. 1 massage 2.1 massaged to give a chrb gh m. 1 garden, park (with intersecting alleys) 2
massage; massage to be massaged 2.2 printed; Charbag (setttlement)
published chrbjta f. 1 poetic strophe consisting of four verses 2
chpedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be colloquial quatrain 3 ballad
printed chrbajt m. singer
chpr 1.1 round, around around the garden 1.2 in chrp m.
full, quite, in entirety 2 environment, surroundings 3 ambient chrpr f. 1 crushed rice, ground rice 2 explosive, bullet
(air, environment) idiom concerning, about, chrp j m. [plural: chrpj n] 1 quadruped, animal
with regard to ocean 2 domestic animal, beast
chperavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to chrpi f. wooden bed
surround, besiege 2 to wind up, reel up 3 to embrace, clasp to chrpr
oneself chrt r m. chrt ra f. chartar (stringed musical
chpra to sit down at table instrument)
chperj l m. environment, surroundings, circumstances chrtar sh m. boards, lumber, planks
chperedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to chrdzh m. electrical engineering 1 charge
be surrounded; be besieged 2 to be wound up, be rolled up, be positive charge negative charge 2 charging
reeled in 3 to envelop, surround to chrdzhavl denominative, transitive electrical engineering
envelop something [past: ] to charge
chpa f. buffet, slap in the face chrdzhedl [past: ] electrical engineering to be
ch m. anatomy perineum charged
chj f. 1 large clay pitcher 2 partition in a tanur oven 3 chrchpr chrchpra
clay storage vessel for grain chrchshm m. 1 expectation 2 appointment
chdzhsha f. chrchalnd m. 1 move, course (of business, etc.) 2
1chch regional chchj f. 1 aunt (wife of father's brother) lifestyle
2 Auntie (address to wife of father's brother) chrchb m. frame (of a door, window)
254
chrchobj f. 1 latrine, lavatory 2 bathing shed, dressing chragar f.

booth 3 chr f. regional chrj f. 1 wooden tool for making
ch rdzj m. terraces used in irrigation 2 shoulder blade
chrkhn f. 1 checkered cloth 2 chess-board chrj r plural religion four caliphs (successors of
chrkhl m. chrkhvalj m. Mohammed)
chrkhvlk m. cock's comb chrjk m. 1 fourth part, a fourth 2
chrd ng m. four points of the compass 1 chrek r m. 1 sharecropper (one who works for a
chrdng-i the entire world quarter of the crop harvested) 2 farm laborer
chrdng m. male falcon 2 chrik r m. plural Charikar (city)
chrdh chrekari f. sharecropping
chrdevl f. 1 fence 2 rampart, wall (around a city) ch 1 m. .1 stammerer 1.2 ignoramus 2.1 stammering;
chrrh f. 1 crossroads 2 square speaking thickly 2.2 stupid 2.3 poorly educated, ignorant
chrzn m. sitting with crossed legs to sit chtb m. chv laj m. 1 stammering;
with crossed legs confused articulation 2 stupidity 3 ignorance
chrs l m. horse in its fourth year ch chae f. [plural: char] 1 knife 2 short sword 3
chrs m. 1 crossroads 2 plaza, square 3 Charsu (a bazaar razor razor 4 large knife, butcher's knife idiom
in Kandahar) to nourish enmity for someone, hate someone idiom
chrshna 1 robust, strong 2 colloquial friendly a to be close to death b to be tormented, suffer
chrshamb f. Wednesday idiom ter to contemplate someone's murder
Wednesday idiom to oppress someone idiom to
chrh kha four-tined pitchfork betray someone, cheat someone (in buying and selling) idiom
chrk m. charak (a quarter of a sir, measure of weight to foresee, have a premonition of disaster
equivalent to 1766.4 gm.) idiom to torture, torment
chrkndzh m. charkunj (a kind of pastry) chgr m. cutler
chrkj m. one charak weight chj f.
chrgr m. chshn f. 1 test, tasting (of food) to taste food 2
chrgl m. [plural: chrguln] silver ornament in the relish, condiment
form of a flower (worn in the left nostril) chgh 1 healthy 2 fleshy, obese, fat 3 lively, adroit
chrgulj m. camomile chghtb m. chaghtj f. chaghht m.
chrgnda f. chghv laj m. stoutness, embonpoint
chrmghz m. [plural: charmaghzan] walnut chghavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
chrnch r chrnch ra 1 willy-nilly, against one's grow healthy; put on weight 2 to become plump, become stout 3
will I was forced to agree against my will. 2 to fatten up
without fail chghavna f. 1 stoutness 2 fattening up
ch rnd m. ch rnda f. gutter (around a hipped roof) chghedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to put
chrndkaj active; hard-working, assiduous on weight 2 to grow stout, get fat
chrnaj m. artisan ch
chr m. diligent man, hard worker ch m. pen-knife
chrgha f. usually plural chrghi charyki (a kind chus z m. cutler, knife maker
of shoe) chuzz f. manufacturer of knives
1
ch ra f. 1 work to work 2 affair chk m. 1 crack, split; hole (in a wall, etc.) 2 cut, slit; knick
Minister of Foreign Affairs a to crack b to cut, slit, make an incision a to
2
It's impossible to
chr 1 means, way out be cracked b to be cut, be cut open
do anything with him. How to correct the matter? How to chkr m. servant, attendant
set things right? but what can one do 2 chkar f. 1 service, serving 2 dependence
medicine, medication chklt m. chklt m. plural chocolate
chras z f. 1 assistant 2 healer chk m.
chrasz f. 1 aid, assistance, succor 2 healing, cure chk 1 cracked, having a crack 2 torn 3 slit; cut, incised
chragr m. chgla f. leather water-bag, canteen
255
1
chl m. 1 movement, moving 2 action, operation, work 3 chnk m.
trick; ruse; fraud intrigues, tricks to use cunning 4 chnmrj f.
habit, conduct 5 chess move to think over a move 6 ch 1 m. .1 sieve, strainer 1.2 screening (through a sieve)
yarn (of 40 threads) 7 vomiting 1.3 strainer compound verb 2.1 strained
2 chl m. 1 pit, abyss 2 anatomy cavity (through a sieve) 2.2 separated, filtered 2.3 purified 2.4
3 chl m. Chal (district in Badakhshan) selected, chosen
chl k chl ka 1 chavl denominative, transitive
chlk f. 1 1 ch f. rafter
chl n m. 1 starting up, putting into operation; winding up, 1 ch m. dung-beetle
cranking up 2.1 acting, operating 2.2 running, showing (a film) 2 chj f. 1 sieve 2 strainer
2.3 brisk (of trade) chedl denominative, intransitive
chlnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to chvdzhj f. edge, hem (of clothing)
bring a case to court 2 to start up, put into operation; crank up, chvd m. slit; crack with great tension, with great
start (a motor, etc.) 3 regional to institute criminal proceedings 4 stress
to send, dispatch chvdl intransitive [present: past: ]1 to burst,
chlnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to crack open; crack, split the earth split, the earth
be taken to court (of a case) 2 to operate, be started, be cranked cracked 2 to explode a bomb exploded 3 literally to
up (of a motor, etc.) 3 to be sent, be dispatched grieve, be upset; figurative to eat one's heart out I
chlb z m. swindler, rouge, cheat, cunning person ate my heart out with grief.
chlt r m. chaltar (kind of Muslim head-covering or turban) chvdna f. explosion
chlchalnd m. 1 conduct 2 chvdavl transitive 3
chlchod f. fraud; swindle; cunning chvdnkaj 1 present participle of 2 explosive,
chln m. economics invoice exploding chvdnki explosive substance
1 ch la f. mare chvda f. cut (on the skin of the hand, leg); ulceration, ulcer
2 ch la Eastern 2 2 chvdedl intransitive
chl f. 1 5 chvdink bold; impertinent, insolent
chmbl m. chmbel m. white jasmine, Jasminum chvl m. [plural: chvlna Western plural:
grandiflorum chvl n] plumb-bob, level
chmp m. chop (meat) ch vla f. sluice-gate (of an irrigation shaft, well)
1
chmp f. wave, waves (in water) to be agitated, chvj f. permanent military garrison town
splash (of water) chv f. tea with molasses and ginger (medicine for cold)
2
chmp f. champa (measure of length equivalent to the chh [plural: chh n] well
width of the palm of the hand) chh b m. Chahab (settlement in Badakhshan)
chmt f. chhkn m. well-digger
chn m. church (ecclesiastical) bell chj m. che f. plural tea black tea
chmp f. 1 green tea tea-room
chnt f. We were drinking tea. St. John's Wort
chndmrj f. 1 firing (rifle, etc.) 2 execution by shooting chjdzhsh m. tea-kettle electric tea-kettle
a to shoot b to execute by shooting c shooting, chjkhn f. tea khana; tea-room
riflery chjkhur f. tea drinking tea service,
chndan f. Eastern 1 case for a rug 2 coverlet (for a bed) tea things (dishes)
chnd purified (of adulterants) to purfiy (of chjd n m. tea caddy
adulterants, contaminants) to enrich ore, chjs f m. chjsfkn m. tea strainer
concentrate ore chjl m. spotted covering of lace (for the face), chador
ch na f. 1 piece, slice (e.g., of melon) 2 share (of profits) chjnk m. chjnka f. tea-kettle
chns m. 1 chance 2 luck, fortuity ch ji f. chje plural
chnt f. chubup k m. ground chalk (for cleaning pots, etc.)
chnghchgh m. scream, squeal; cries to 1 chup m.
set up a howl, scream
256
2 chp chup keeping silent a taciturn b silently chaph flat-footed

! Be quiet! Shut up! to be silent; keep still chapk squint-eyed, cross-eyed; slant eyed; one-eyed
3 chap 1 left (of the hand, side) 2 contradicting something, squinting eyes, slanted eyes to cast a
hindering something to break the law sidelong glance, look sidelong at
to resist; interfere with, hinder someone 3 deprived of chapk m. left-hander
something 4 in error; incorrect; mendacious chpka f. dried dung (used for fuel)
to lead astray, disorient 5 unsuccessful; mistaken; bad 6 chapal kha f. slap, cuff to slap in the face
dissolute proverb the faces of 100 men smart
chp a f. kind of slipper from one slap in the face
chap v m. 1 raid; invasion a to raid b to rob 2 chapls m.
offensive a to hasten, hurry (in some matter or other) b chaplka f. worn-out slipper
to attack to display impatience, be in a hurry about chaplj f.
something to be in an excessive hurry a chapna f. wooden bowl, flat dish
to make a surprise attack b to appear suddenly chapank m. child's coat
chapvul m. history cavalry patrol chpna f. jacket, caftan
chapvavl denominative [past: ] to raid, pillage 1 chapv laj m. opposition
1 chapav 1 predatory 2 quick, hurried 3 attacking 2 chpv laj m. silence
attacking troops chaph
2 chapv row (as in rowboat), propelled by oars chp-v-ghrp taciturn to compel
chapvedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be someone to be silent to fall silent
plundered 1 chpavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kiss
chupj f. 2 chpavl chupavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
1 chptb m. chptj f. taciturnity, silence to compel to be silent; muffle; turn off (i.e., a radio)
2 chaptb m. opposition, contradictoriness chapavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to turn
3
1 chap m. over, invert, upset 2 to change, alter to alter course;

2 chp m. idle-talker, windbag, talker diverge from the route 3 to avert something, keep something bad
1 chpa f. wooden pole for reinforcing adobe walls from happening
2 chapa f. healthy girl, strong girl 4 chapavl transitive [past: ] to suck
3 chpa f. frivolous woman, gossip 5 chpl 1 squint-eyed, squinting; one-eyed 2 deformed
chpchp chupchp 1 taciturn 2 quietly chpnaj m. end-piece of soap
chapchpr chapchpra 1 chap f. 1 oar 2 wave 3 gust (of wind) 4 attack (i.e., of
chapchr 1.1 smashed, broken 1.2 shattered 2 m. robbery malaria) a to rake b to be agitated, splash (water) c to
chapr m. 1 messenger, courier 2 runner heave, wave (of a grain field) d to blow in gusts (wind) e to
chapr s m. loop, noose attack suddenly; pelt with stones (in hunting birds) 5 medicine
chaprs m. 1 courier, deliveryman, messenger crisis
a hotel servant (boots) b waiter c runner (messenger) 2
chpa 1 f. opposition on the other hand, on the
chaparght m. healthy boy, healthy man; brawny fellow contrary to resist 2 feminine singular of 3
chapark m. bed, cot 3
chpa f. kiss to kiss one another to kiss
chaprgaj m. twig; shoot, sucker (of a tree) 4
chap overturned, upset a to turn over, invert, upset
chapr f. leather-dresser, currier's knife b to change, alter c to shoot down (e.g., a plane) d to derail
chaprj m. small reservoir (e.g., a train) e to spill, spill out a to be turned over, be
chap kha m. inverted, be upset b to fail
chaps m. to be diverted from the path; be driven off course
chapat kh f. chapabkh m. chpadkh m. 5 chpa 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. silence
kind of game to regard one another in silence
chaps m. chpa-chpj f. chpa-chupj f. complete silence,
chapus f. muteness; silence This silence did not
chap f. lean meat last very long.
chap-chap f. lazy woman chapakh m. oarsman
257
chapa oared, row (of a boat) chv m. unexpected strike, sudden strike (e.g., at an
chapj squint-eyed, squinty; slant-eyed; one-eyed enemy)
chapedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be chap 1 defeated, destroyed 2 finished, completed
silent; fall silent ! Be still! a to destroy, spoil b to smash, destroy c to end, finish
2 chapedl [past: ] 1 denominative, intransitive to be a to be defeated, be destroyed b to be ended, be finished
turned over, be inverted, be upset 2 to be changed, be altered 3 to 1 chuk m. dialect
be averted 4 to be saved, escape 2 chak 1 quick, swift; spry, agile, smart 2 quickly, swiftly,
chapa f. smartly ! Run (and fetch something)! Go quickly (to
1 chat m. 1 roof 2 ceiling 3 awning 4 story (of a building) 5 get something)!
deck chaaktasm f. belt, cincture
2 chit 2 chaaktb m. chaaktj f. chaakv laj m.
chit-pit 1
chatev f. chandelier; candelabrum chaakavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
1 chatr chatr m. camel in its fourth year hasten, speed up 2 to hurry, make haste
2 chatr 1 m. .1 blemish (from a scab, wound); scar 1.2 bald chik f. 1 red calico, chintz 2 spot
spot, bare place to grow bald to shave one's chikad r spotted, dotted (of cloth)
head 1.3 curl, lock of bangs (of a woman) 2 clean, purified 1 chaak f. speed, swiftness; spryness, agility, smartness
3
chtr chtr m. 1 umbrella, parasol 2 awning, overhang (of a quickly, swiftly, smartly
roof) idiom parachute 2 chkj m. swearing, cursing, rough language
chitr l chtr l m. Chitral 3 chukj f. pinch to pinch
chitrl chitrlj 1 Chitralian 2 m. resident of Chitral chaakedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
chatrkj 1 short of stature, short 2 m. shrimp, shorty be sped up, be hastened 2 to be hurried along, be made to get a
chatrj f. 1 umbrella, parasol 2 even, smooth land 3 scar move on
chatrj bald, having bald patches chal dirty; soiled; clogged with dirt polluted water
chat m. factory mark chaaltb m. chaaltj f.
1 chtkj chtakj m. warbler (bird) chaalv laj m. uncleanness, dirt, condition of being clogged or
2 chtkaj a little bit, a bit clotted with dirt
chatl ground up, pulverized chatalavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to dirty,
chatnj f. soil; clog with dirt
chitavl denominative, transitive chaaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
1 chat f. 1 beehive 2 wasps' nest dirtied, be soiled; be clogged with dirt
2 chat 1 f. .1 storey 1.2 roof 2 two-storied house chan f. [plural: chatnij ni] chutney
idiom idiom a to overdo it, go too far b to 1 cha m. wooden mortar
lose one's temper 2 cha a to squander, spend, waste b to
1 chtaj m. 1 1 2 titmouse spoil, mar, ruin something
2 chtaj m. peg, hinge (of a door) 3 cha f. empty-headed person, frivolous person
1 chitedl denominative, intransitive dialect 1 chaavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ruin,
chatz seven-storied building spoil 2 dialect to end, complete
1 cha 1.1 unmarried (man), single 1.2 hare-brained, frivolous, 2
chaavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to devour,
dissolute 1.3 corrupt 1.4 perished, ruined, annihilated eat up
! May our enemies perish! 1.5 unclean, dirty 1.6 cha-u-la 2
shaven; beardless, with beard shaven 1.7 tipsy, intoxicated 1.8 cha f. usury
Western smart, keen, bright 2 m. .1 unmarried man, single man, cha feminine singular of 1
bachelor 2.2 idler, playboy; profligate man; scapegrace 3 fully, 1 cha 1.1 stupid, absurd; frivolous, useless 1.2 harmful,
quite inflicting damage on a matter or situation 2.1 f. dissipation
2
cha m. 1 bowl (for a dog) 2 slop-pail 3 dirty dish, dirty to lead a dissipated life 2.2 stupidity, absurdity to
vessel talk nonsense, speak rubbish
chakj f. 1 quarter of a khurd 2 quarter of a 2
chaj f. 1 2 chador
pound 3 trifle, small thing, bagatelle 3
chu f. 2
258
4 chi feminine plural of 1 1 to be turned into mud, be turned into slush; be thinned
chaij t m. to speak nonsense, talk rot out, get slushy
chaibar f. stuff and nonsense, rubbish chkhk chkhn having suppurating eyes
chaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to perish; chkhobn watery
deteriorate 2 dialect to be ended, be finished (to die) chkhobnavl denominative, transitive [past:
chadzh m. sieve; tray (for sorting grain); screen to sort ]to cause to become watery
or grade grain or corn on a special tray chkhobnedl denominative, intransitive [past:
chadzhk m. trigger (on a firearm) ]to become watery
1 chadzhkj m. chkha f. mucus and pus (from inflamed eyes)
2 chadzhkj f. rib, ribs He has seen a lot in his lifetime.
chadzh f. 1 weir (for catching fish) 2 ribs 3 leafy tops (of chakkaj m. intestinal worm
carrots) 4 fencing; wattle fencing 5 eaves 6 medicine splints chikhl transitive
chach m. chikhla f. dragonfly
chch aj m. island, islet chikhn 1.1 suppurating (of eyes) 1.2 dirty 1.3 tarnished (of
chichkha f. generation; progeny; clan His clan a mirror, glass) 2 m. person with suppurating eyes idiom
has died out. biting words, sharp words
chachn 1 watery 2 chikhvl transitive [past: ] 1 to prick; stick into;
chachobn 1 swollen, waterlogged (of food which has been plunge, thrust into 2 to drive away (e.g., wasps) 3 to drive into,
allowed to stand overnight) 2 implant
chichl transitive chikhunj 1 inflamed (e.g., eyes) 2 rotting, decaying (of
chcha f. food) 3 unfit, bad a to inflame, cause inflammation b
chach f. breast (female); nipple to spoil, rot (produce) a to be inflamed b to be rotted
chachogj feminine diminutive of (of food)
1 chach f. Chach (district in northwestern Pakistan) 1 chkha f. 1
2 chcha cry used in driving goats 2 chkha interjection 2
1 chche f. children's speech hand, patty 3 chkha 1
2 chchaj 4 chkha 1
1 chkh 1 stuck into 2 m. hitching post (in a 1 chkhi f. plural
stable) 2 chkhe 2
2 chikh interjection Get away! (cry used to drive a dog off) 3 chkhe colloquial somewhat, a bit, a little
chkh children's speech doggie, dog chad m m. archaelogy the eighth part of a tola
chkhpt 1 crushed down; baggy 2 figurative trampled, chdj vice
downtrodden chl m. clay dish filled with food
chkhpitavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 chskaj m. chkaj m. rind (of a melon, etc.)
to trample, trod down 2 figurative to trample (down); oppress 1 chur m. [plural: churn] basin, reservoir (e.g., in the
chkhpitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 shaft of an irrigation system) to construct (such a) reservoir
to be pressed down, be crushed down 2 figurative to be trampled to be washed away, be eroded
upon, be downtrodden 2 char 1 m. 1 2 custom
chht crushed down; pressed down 3 chr m. 1 chirping, twittering 2 noise (made by ripping cloth)
chkhtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 3 chatter (of children) 4 rubbish, stuff and nonsense; poppycock
press, crush, trample 4 char 1
chkhtaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to 5 chur 5
be trampled, be trodden down 6 chre Eastern
chkht chartj f. archaeology pebbles used instead of lead shot
chkhchj m. sharp stake (for weeding) chr r m. 3
chkh m. mud, slush charspa f. 1 rope (of goat hair, for tethering horses) 2
chakhab f. 1 mud, slush solid mud, very straps (for carrying rifles) 3 leather straps 4 means of fastening a
muddy 2 waste, extravagance a to muddy, make pack on a camel
muddy b to dilute; dissolve; blend c to squander, waste (money)
259
chir gh m. [plural: chiagh n] 1 2 [plural: chrghg m.

]a candles; lamps b illumination a to light, 1 chirk m. mud, dirt
illuminate b to provide illumination 2 chrk m. stiches, sharp pain (in the side)
chirghk m. 1 small lamp; lampion 2 glow-worm, firefly 3 chrk m.
charg charg h f. pasture chrkj m. 1 talk, chatter, gossip 2 squawking (of a starling,
chr vaj m. imitator, emulator; man who imitates or copies a mynah bird)
another person chrkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
charb have a stitch or shooting pain (e.g., in the side) 2 to experience a
chrb ng m. shooting pain
charbdst agile; energetic chirkn 1 dirty 2 filthy, defiled a to soil, dirty,
charbzab n charbzub n smooth-talking, flattering besmirch b to defile
chrbl m. reins (braided of cord) 1
chrg m. rooster chicken meat
chrbuj m. filet (meat) the poultry industry, poultry breeding idiom
charb f. oiled paper; tracing paper They were devoted to him. They were absolutely
charb f. lard; grease subordinate to him.
1 churt m. reflection; thought; contemplation a to 2
chrag 1.1 piebald; spotted; parti-colored 1.2 striped 1.3
think, reflect b to doze to think about something clever, shrewd 2 m. star, white blaze (on the brow of an animal)
! Don't get upset! chrgb ng m. 1 crowing of a cock the first
2 chrt m. 1 stream (of water) 2 sound (of spitting) cocks began to crow (it was early) 2 dawn, daybreak, early
1 chartkj m. funnel morning
2 churtakj inconstant, unstable chrgbng f.
churt vaj reflective; pensive chrag-brg 1 piebald; spotted; parti-colored 2 striped
1 chart f. idiom wide-open eyes
2 chrta Eastern chrgkh laj m. hen-house, chicken-coop
churt chrgggh m.
chir m. (Indian) cigar box of cigars chrgsb m. plural spinach
chrchr m. 3 a to chirp, twitter b to engage in chrgghg m.
idle talk, talk stuff and nonsense chrgk m. hoopoe
chrchr nkaj m. cicada 1 chrgnr f. plural
chrchrk m. chrchrj m. idle talker, windbag 2 chrgnrj m. serving guests chicken (meat)
charch m. [plural: charch] common sparrow chrgaj m. cockerel
charcha 1 feminine of f. 2 hen sparrow chrgaj m. chick incubator
charchr cut up into small pieces chrga f. [plural: chrgi plural: chrgni] hen
chrchurakj f. chrchurj f. cricket proverb Everything seems threatening
charch f. to a small man.
charkh m. 1, 2 1
chrgj having a star, with a white blaze on the brow (of an
charkhl m. charkhvl m. 1 cock's comb 2 end of a animal)
chalma (turban) worn by Muslim men 2 chrgj f. hearth
chirkhvla f. botany amaranthus, coxcomb 3 chrgj m. long-tailed cat
charkhvalj m. 1 2 handle (of a lid of a kettle) chragj-bragj 1
charkh f. distaff chrgn hen's, chicken's, gallinaceous
chard f. 1 color of the face 2 complexion 3 color, shade (of churl v chrl v m. 1 factory 2 machine, motor
an animal's fur) churlj f. amaranth, Amaranthus polygamous
chru m. twitter, chirping churl quite, completely
chra f. rag churlkaj m. heel, counter (of a shoe)
chars m. plural hashish churlandj m.
chars m. hashish smoker; drug addict churln charlnd m. no-account, good-for-nothing, base
chargh m. gerfalcon, Falco cherrug fellow
chrghza f. coot (the bird) churlanj m. rattle (child's toy)
260
churlavl transitive 4
cha m. shaft (of a lance, spear) idiom
churlj f. 1 churli (children's game played with nuts) 2 top to slay (by spearing), pierce repeatedly (with a lance, spear)
churledl intransitive ch h m. 1 slashing wound, penetrating wound 2 ulceration
chrlajghrb m. dialect (on the heel)
charm m. leather chng m. tendril (of a vegetative stalk)
charmb b m. plural leather goods cha v m. slaughter, butchery, carnage to slay,
chramb z charamb z m. outside ox in the row (when using slaughter
animals in threshing) chv f. water leaking or percolating from an irrigation well,
charmhkj f. charmhj f. lizard etc.
charmk m. leather ring in which an axle is place chap m. chrap f. 1 smacking or chomping of the mouth
charmgr m. leather worker, currier and lips 2 splashing (of water) a loud chomping b
charmgar f. 1 leather business, leather production 2 job or forceful splashing
work of a currier chapn m. 1 idle-talker, windbag 2 garrulous
chrmuchrk 1 baby; boy-child 2 little chapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to smack (lips); to
charm chomp to smack; chomp 2 to splash, splash out
charmoavl transitive (water)
chrm f. braided cord chrph r m. chpah r chrapj m.
charm charmn 1 leather, leathern 2 leather-dressing chrapedl intransitive [past: ]1 to smack; chomp 2
charmen charmin f. harness traces, straps to squelch; tramp (i.e., through mud) 3 to be splashed, be splashed
chrnd 1 garrulous 2 windbag, idle talker out (water) 4 to impoverish, make destitute
churndk m. chatn m. sheath, scabbard
charank m. [plural: charank] chrang m. chachka f. harrow
spurge, euphorbia chachokk chachobn watery, aqueous
chernozjm m. chernozem, black earth chachobj f.
chra f. pit, hollow, depression chach f. out-door party, merrymaking, feasting
chrok m. 1 short period of time 2 customary time period to have an out-door party, feast, make merry
during which irrigation water is released in a field (usually three chacha chachaj m. playboy
hours) chagha f. sharp stone (used in slaughtering cattle)
1
char f. 1 shot (for a firearm) shotgun 2 shrapnel cha m. splash of pouring water
fragment (from a shell) high explosive shell cha v m. sprinkling; watering, irrigating to
2
char f. 1 irrigation ditch (in a melon, cotton field) 2 sprinkle, spray, water
drainage ditch chak m. 1 fountain 2 splash 3 crackling 4 latch (door)
chrah r m. chirping, twittering, squawking to chak aj m. grindstone
chirp, twitter, squawk (birds) chak v m.
1 chre Eastern chka f. stitch, shooting pain
2 chrj f. variety of plum chakj m. chakj f. small knife, pocket-knife
3 charj f. pot with a lipped edge chang
chared r shotgun cha 1 base 2 m. .1 base person; scoundrel, ne'er-do-well
chredl intransitive [past: ] 1 to chirp, twitter, squawk 2.2 cadger
(birds) 2 to cry out 3 to moan chaobn watery, aqueous
1 charek r m. 1 1
chaobj m. waterfall
2 charek r m. imperial (beard) 2
chaobj m. salt-dryer, merchant dealing in salted and
charaz shotgun pickled foods
1 cha m. 1 shoal, hank, sandbar 2 Eastern ford (of a river) 3 chaubj m. dyer
to ford by wading 3 heavy rain, downpour 4 chautb m. baseness, meanness
crackling (of roasting meat) chas m. 2
2
cha m. collection of produce among the populace (for a chaokj f.
mullah or for guests) chung m. chung f. chungh r m.
3
chu m. 1 hinge (of a door) 2 crack, split peeping, cheeping (of nestlings)
261
chungj m. pouring, streaming (of water) chahtn m.

chungedl intransitive [past: ] to emit cheeping, chahch f. splinter, chip (of wood)
peep (of nestlings) chhkraj m. 1 spout (e.g., of a teapot) 2 tap, faucet,
chavaj m. dyer cock
cha f. 1 piece, slice (e.g., of watermelon, melon) 2 pin, hinge chhl chhl transitive [past: ] 1 to drink
(door) to drink tea to drink soup 2 to absorb, take up,
chuh r m. 1 sputtering (of roasting meat) 2 chirping (of soak up
birds) 3 babbling (of running water) chhn m. chhang m. drink, beverage
1
cha m. 1 cadger, beggar 2 man collecting offerings or gifts drinking water to drink
(e.g., for a mullah) chhnkaj m. small water-skin, leather canteen
2 cha plural of chhubj m. drink, beverage
chaj engaged, occupied, busy chhavl transitive [past: ] to give to drink
chijgr m. regional zoo, zoological garden 1 chgh m. 1 screen of reeds, rushes 2 snare
chaitb m. service; servitude 2 chgh chigh m. 1 cry 2 squeak
chs chaesn dirty, slovenly 3 chagh
chasp m. 1 adhesiveness, stickiness; viscosity 2 chgh f. chugh r m. 1 chirping, singing (of birds) 2
chasp n 1 adhesive, gummy, sticky, gluey 2 tight-fitting, jingling
close-fitting (of garments) close-fitting pants chgh r m.
chasp nda quick, swift; lively; spry, bright chigh ra f. 1 cry, wail 2 chirping, singing (of birds)
chaspn k chgh gha f.
chaspavl transitive [past: ] to cling, adhere; to chagh l m. jackal proverb the jackel eats
stick, stick on; stick together the best grapes
chaspedl intransitive [past: ] to adhere, adhere to; chaghl 1 low-grade (of apricots) 2 deserted, desolate,
stick to, stick together abandoned (of a place, a square) a to bare, strip b to
chust quick, swift, lively; versatile abandon 3 latticed; made of fencing wicket-gate
1 chust f. swiftness, agility, promptness chagh ngha f. mint
2 chustj m. chghvl m.
chshta abbreviation why, for what reason chghbgh m. din, uproar
1 chisht m. Chishti (an order of dervishes) chghbz m. blacksmith
2 chshtj f. chaghat m. history the Chagataj (the tribe to which
chshkla Tamurlane belonged)
chshl transitive chaght r m.
chashm m. [plural: chashm n] 1 eye 2 look, glance chaght chaghat f. snipe (the bird)
idiom in expectation, expectantly chaghatj m. history member of the Chagataj tribe
chashmband f. 1 (hypnotic) suggestion 2 eyewash chagh dirty
(deliberate faking of the true situation) chighchgh m. 1 cackling 2 noise, din 3 chatter
chashmdd to testify chaghchj f. 2
chashmk m. winking to wink chaghr 1 having a cataract a cataract on the eye 2
chashmka f. [more often plural: chashmki] cross-eyed
glasses, spectacles chagharstrgaj with a cataract on the eye
chashm f. 1 spring, source, small stream of potable water 2 chaghr m. eagle-owl
Eastern chaghb f. 1 noise, din, racket 2 altercation, row
chashm f. plural glasses to put on chghka f. bread from lightly fermented dough
glasses 1 chaghz fragile, brittle
1
chishj m. burrs of burdock or xanthium (sticking to a 2 chaghzj f. walnut kernel (a variety of soft walnut)
sheeps wool) chghstrgaj
2 chishaj contraction of What? chughk m.
chhk m. drink, beverage chughka f.
chhtn m. chghkj m. noise, din, uproar
262
1 chughl m. chufavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to blow

2 chighl m. sieve, strainer, sifter 2 to extinguish 3 to heal with a charm, with spells
chghlbz f. visit by the bridgegroom to the home of the char
bride prior to the wedding chi m.
chghlab f. noise, din; howling, screams chia f.
chughulgj m. chughulmr m. scandalmonger; cham m. cham m. flint
slanderer; schemer proverb A chama flinklock rifle
scandalmonger's face is ever dark. chuundr m.
chughulmr f. cha m.
chighilvl m. worker who sorts or sifts corn kernels chuur f. pit; pot-hole
1chughlavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to chu f. cackling to cackle
engage in scandalmongering or intrigue; spread scandal, 1 chak m. 1 honeycombs 2 wasps' nest 3 timber or masonry
calumniate frame of a well 4 disk 5 short jacket made of goat's wool
2 chighilavl transitive [past: ] to sift, screen 2
chak m. 1 group in groups 2 1
1 chughla f. bettle 3
chak m. Chak (settlement)
2 chaghl linear dimensions, length and breadth (of an object) 4
chik m. ropes or traces used to yoke bullocks or camels to a
chughul f. scandal; slander; intrigue 1 chigir or noria (Persian type irrigation wheel)
chughlikhr m. 5
chek chik m. [plural: chekna chikna Western
chughuledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be chek n chik n] check bank check
slandered check book
chghm fat; fattened up 6 chek m. Czech
chaghma f. unleavened bread 7 chek m. checkered cloth
chaghmagh 8 chik colloquial No!
chughundr m. beet sugar beet chk adjectival suffix rather, somewhat, -ish whitish
chaghanj m. 1 hand gin for separating the cotton boll from chk k m. drink, beverage food and drink
the seeds 2 stork chakchpr
chaghanajv l m. scutcher, carder of cotton chikchk cry used in driving a donkey
chghupgh m. noise, din, uproar chakchki f. plural applause to
chghavl transitive [past: ] 1 to make shout, cry applaud, clap
out 2 to cause to chirp, cheep or twitter 3 to cause to squeal 4 to 1
chakr m. 1 circle; round, beat; circuit 2 stroll
cause a quarrel to stroll, take a walk a to complete a ride around b to
1 chgha f. 1 shout, outcry general approval go out for a stroll a to circle b to walk, have taken a
shouting, crying out I was stroll
shouting at him for a long time. 2 alarm (upon the attack on a 2
chikr chikri cry used to drive a goat
village, etc.) 3 Chiga (detachment used to repel robbers) chik m. [plural: chikana f. plural: chike]
to pursue a gang Eastern 1 liquid mud; slush 2 bog, marsh
2 chugh f. chak v m. 1 liquid mud; slush 2 downpour, heavy rain 3
3 chgha interjection Get away! (cry used to chase dogs away) sprinkling
chghh r m. 1 creak (of wheels, doors, etc.) 2 shout, outcry chak f. bullock-cart; two-wheeled cart (with a team of
chaghasar j m. Chagasaraj (settlement) harnessed bullocks)
chughj m. person having his eyes screwed up 1 chiki f. plural cackling
chghedl intransitive [past: ]1 to shout, cry out 2 to 2 chak f.
chirp, cheep, twitter, burst into song (of birds) 3 to squeal 4 to 3 chak plural of
quarrel, raise a din 4 chakj f. short jacket made of goat's wool
chghimr m. chief of a Chigi 1 3 chaks m.
chuf m. 1 puff (wind) 2 charm, spell a to blow b to chaksh m. hammer
extinguish c to heal with a charm or by spells chakh m. cassia (medicinal plant)
chaft chift f. lathe, slat (wooden) 1 chakl f. 1 drop, droplet 2 sip
2 chakl f. district, province
263
3 chakl f. unleavened bread chal m. 1 artifice, deception; subterfuge, trick 2 way, method
chaklj f. 1 whirlpool 2 toothed cogwheel of a nori (Persian 3 rotation, circulation a to deceive b to put into motion
water-wheel) 3 top (the children's toy) 4 trap (for foxes) 5 turn 6 existence a to be put in
chaklt m. plural chocolate motion, be activated b to exist 7 conduct, behavior idiom
chakm r a to knock someone off balance with a shove; to deceive
chakmk m. or take someone in idiom What's going on? What does
chakmn m. chakmna f. cloth jacket all this mean? idiom What is the matter with
chakm f. 1 shoe 2 short jacket him?
chkn chikn m. 1 chakan (patterns made on cloth by means chl n chl nd 1.1 turning, dealing with 1.2 started,
of colored beeswax) 2 kind of embroidery put into motion 1.3 operational, working 1.4 flowing (of a
chkandz m. master-craftsman working in the art of liquid) 1.5 marketable (of goods) 2 m. .1 invoice 2.2 rotation,
chakan (decoration of fabric with colored beeswax) circulation 2.3 winding up, getting moving, starting 2.4 action
chkandozi f. decoration of fabric by the chakan method on a matter (in court, etc.)
1
chal v m. 1 means of existence; sustenance I
1 chak m. left-handed person lacked the wherewithal for existence. 2 life, existence 3 dealing
2 chk m. children's speech hand with someone I cannot get along with
3 chak m. that man.
chukutr f. grapefruit 2 chil v m.
chko-chk cry used for calling calves chilvs f m. colander
chkr quick, prompt, smart chalb z m. cunning person, fraud, cheat, swindler
chaoj m. [plural: chakoij n] new-born calf chalbz f. guile, cheating; fraud, swindle
chekoslovk f. chekoslovkij f. chalt r m. dervish's headband (of goat's wool)
Czechoslovakia chilchir gh m. chandelier
1
chak f. Western hand idiom to slap in the face chalchl m. chalchal f. 1 vanity, haste, confusion 2
2
chak f. 1 coagulated and expressed milk-curds, cottage disputes, disagreements (on the route)
cheese to squeeze or express sour milk, cottage 1 chalkhj f. top (the children's toy)
cheese 2 unleavened bread 2 chulr m. sly individual; fraud, cheat, swindler
3
chak experienced (professional) thief 2 chulr m. incompetent, awkward or stupid person
extremely thorny, densely covered with spines or thorns (of a chalht m. 1
bush) chalhtlka f. course, direction
chakadn f. fruit or berry of a plant of the honeysuckle chalghzaj m.
family chalgh f. 2
1
chek Czechoslovakian chalt m. history 1 quilted greatcoat (soldier's) 2 coat of
2
chki f. plural children's speech palm (of the hand) mail
3
chke cry used to drive a goat chilk m. jerrycan (for kerosene, gasoline)
4
chak plural of 1, 2 chalka f. agitation, ripple (on water)
5
chakj f. 1 small piece, scrap, morsel (e.g., of soap, fat) 2 chalgraj m. weaver of carpets
pastry, small loaf 3 pig (iron), ingot lead ingot 4 fat chilm m. [plural: chilmna Western plural:
tail (sheep) 5 core (fruit) 6 cell (prison) chilm n] chilim, narghile, water-pipe to smoke a
chkj f. [plural: chkjni] girl (child)
6
waterpipe
7 chakj f. dialect islet chilmch m. [plural: chilmchij n] large brass or
8 chak f. hunting lure, bait tin basin used as a wash-basin
chik-chik cry used to call a goat chilmkh m. water-pipe smoker
chakid 1 clotted, coagulated (sour milk) 2 f. expressed chalml m. cheating, fraud There is no fraud.
curds, cottage cheese chilm 1 tobacco for a water-pipe 2 m.
chag m. cotton seed
chags m. perch, roost (for a raptor such as a falcon or hawk chaln m. 1 habit; style 2 conduct; behavior 3 idiom
trained for the hunt) a nautical knot
chga f. [plural: chg ni] children's speech eye
264
chalnd 1 m. .1 currency, (process of) circulation (money) 7 to carry on, conduct (trade, gunfire, etc.) 8 figurative to
turnover, (monetary) circulation economics to prosper 9 to swim, float This
put money into circulation This currency has river is navigable 10 to live, exist
gone out of circulation. 1.2 work, operation, functioning 1.3 He lives on his salary alone. idiom to be compatable,
force, effect (of a law, etc.) 1.4 movement, traffic (transportation) fit, suit
1.5 conduct, behavior 1.6 trade good market 1.7 threshing 1.8 chaledna f. chaled m. plural 1 movement, traffic 2
gusting (of wind) 2.1 operating, working well (e.g., a motor) 2.2 circulation 3 sale
spry, animated 2.3 current; in circulation chalek r m. 1
chalandavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 chligr m. cheat, fraud, swindler
2 2 to put into force (e.g., a law) 1 cham m. 1 gait 2 trick, ruse He's a clever
chaland current; in circulation boy. 3 aspect, look Having the appearance of a
chalandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 traveler. 4 method, way
2 to be put into force (e.g., a law) 2
cham m. 1 part, branch (of a tribe); clan 2 quarter, district
chalan marketable (e.g., goods) quarter after quarter; district after district
chalv chilv m. rice kasha, groats 3 chm m. 1 clod of clay (picked up in a spade) 2 turf, sod
chalo f. 1 cunning; ruse; fraud; swindle 2 manner, conduct chamch r m. cricket
1 chalvl m. 1 cunning, ruse 2 tricks, intrigues, chamb z m.
machinations chambz f.
chalavl transitive [past: ] 1 to put into circulation
2
chambr m.
(e.g., money) 2 to move; put into motion, start (e.g., a car) 3 to chambarkhj l m. melon
drive (e.g., an automobile) 4 to carry on, carry out (trade, gunfire, 1 chamb m. patterned calico
etc.) 5 to direct, manage 6 to use for draught or packing transport 2 chamb tautological with
to be in the business of goods transport by camel 7 to chambaj m. inflated leather bag used in fording a river
introduce (a custom) idiom to live out (life) chamb f. 1 paw; claws (of a bird) 2 tambourine 3 circle,
chalval m. rim idiom to overpower, overcome something
chln m. currency, circulation (of money), liquid movement to subdue, subjugate someone to be
chalavnkaj present participle of 2 supervisory subjugated, be subordinated Ahmed
apparatus, management is now in my hands. Ahmed is now in my power.
1
chal f. flood, inundation The water overflowed the chambakha f. kind of bread
banks. chambj m. 3
2
chal f. silver earring (worn by men) chambl chambel m.
3
chil chill f. 1 forty-day fast 2 period of winter cold spells chamt ra f. violin
4
chla f. treatment of another person, behavior (with relation to chamt 1 ready, prepared we are ready, we are
another) fully prepared 2 adapted, fit 3 produced, manufactured
1
chal m. a to prepare, manufacture b to adapt, fit, adjust c to produce,
2
chli plural of 4 make a to get ready, prepare for b to adapt oneself to,
3
chil m. Chile to be adapted
4
chalj pinched face chamtuked m. plural chamtuv laj m. 1
5
chale plural of 1, 2 readiness, consent to express readiness (to do
6
chil chill plural of 3 something) 2 preparedness 3 adjustment, accomodation
7
chalj f. ear (of corn, grain, etc.) chamt f. 1 powder flask 2 pouch 3 kitbag
8
chalj f. colored thread (used to embroider a pattern on the knapsack, haversack
toe of a slipper) chamj m. capital (of a column)
chalip f. cross (Christian) chmdzhj m.
chaledl intransitive [past: ] 1 to act, operate, work, chamch m. chamchk m. cymbals
function 2 to move, shift, displace, to be in motion 3 to go, ply 1 chamchrj m. 1 dipper, scoop 2 ladle
(back and forth) Buses 2 chamchurj m. 1 dipper, scoop 2 ladle
run between Kabul and Kandahar. 4 to blow (of the wind) 5 to chamch f.
be open to traffic (of a road) 6 to move, be in circulation (money) chamcham r m. cobra
265
chamchj f. chindzhj m. [plural: chindzhij n] 1 worm

chamadj m. rice-husker earthworm 2 small insect; insect
chamghak m. dialect chunzhedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to experience
chamk r sparkling, shining nausea 2 to feel nauseous
chamkalj f. female's forehead decoration made of coins chanchaj f. rattle mounted on a stick
chamkan m. 1 chand 1 how much 2 bit 3 combining form twofold;
chamgvnd m. 1 neighborhood (in regard to a twice, double thrice, triple quadruple idiom
quarter, street) neighbor 2 neighbor although
chamgr shrewd, cunning, wily 2 chand m. proper name Chand
chamgav n m. regional 1 neighbor (with respect to chand n chand ni so, so much, such
quarter, street) 2 neighbor (with respect to quarter, street) 3 This is not such a simple matter. This
quarter, street 4 environment, ambience answer is not all that simple.
chaml f. Chamla (province) chandvl chandvl m.
1 chamn m. 1 meadow, grass-plot 2 flower-bed chindkh m.
2 chamn m. Chaman (city) chandr m. dew
chamanz r m. meadow chindrj f. 1 hopscotch 2 jumping on one leg
1 chaman 1 turning green 2 flowering chand m. plural sandalwood tree sandalwood
2 chimnj f. regional lamp-chimney chandl jumping on one leg, hopping on one foot
chamukhm m. graceful walk, smooth gait chandnj f. 1 white cloth (laid down on a carpet) 2 music
chamsa f. 1 rawhide shoe 2 snowshoes time, measure
chamkaj m. sly person, cunning person, cheat chand m. plural
chm f. strumpet chandah r m. sandalwood beads
chamj r m. 1 currier, leather worker 2 shoemaker chandavl m.
chin r m. [plural: chinr n] 1 poplar silver chandaj m. anatomy auricle
poplar 2 plane tree 1 chind choice, select to choose, select
chinr f. proper name Chinaro 2 chand f. 1 collection of varied resources (e.g., among
chun nche conjunction as As relatives) 2 donation
reports from London say chandj m. history poet
chan v m. initial flow of water in an irrigation shaft or channel chandn 1 so much 2 much
system chan l m. 1 man of lowly origins 2 sweeper, trash collector
chambr m. 1 anatomy clavicle 2 fence, wall (around a 3 childless man 4 unfortunate man, hapless man
house, castle, etc.) 3 circle, disk 4 rim, thin rim chanvl m. history rearguard
chambel m. chanavlj m. history leader of the Kazalbashi or
chundzh m. aversion to harbor an aversion to professional military rearguard in British times
something; abhor something chan poor, indigent
chandzhraj m. dialect chinkha f. frog
chindzhn 1 worm-eaten; spoiled 2 figurative unpleasant chann m. plural
chindzhntb m. chindzhntj f. chna f. share, portion
chindzhnv lj m. 1 worminess, corruption, rottenness 2 caries, chun f. pinch (e.g., of salt)
decay (of the teeth) 1 changhl plural of
chindzhnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 2 changhla f.
to cause to become wormy 2 to deteriorate through decay (teeth) changhak m. Adam's apple, larynx
chindzhnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 changhal f. fiancee, betrothed
to become wormy, be wormy 2 to rot, decay (teeth) changhl m. [plural: changhl] fianc, betrothed
chindzhghaj m. khingjak, mulberry (fruit) 1 chang m. 1 chang (a kind of cymbals) 2 harp
chundzhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to feel sick 2 to 2 chang m. 1 paw, pad 2 hand (extended, spread), palm with
cause nausea all five fingers extended
chandzhj m. three-tined fork (used by nomads to cut grain) 3
chung m. cupped hand, handful
4
chang m. hook (for drawing a bucket up from a well, etc.)
266
5 ching sift (through a sieve) 3 to choose, select 4 to gather, pick

chung h m. 1 crab, crayfish 2 3, 4 (berries, etc.) 5 to weed, weed out
changl m. 2 chkaj m. fine sieve
chungching m. groanings, moanings to cha f. chick-pea, Cicer arietinum
groan, moan chaj m. sandal lace, sandal thong
chang m. good-for-nothing, scoundrel chuj violet
chungh m. toad chujtb m. violet (the color)
chungha f. frog frog, tree-frog chaj sa f.
changk m. 1 hook (used for pulling a flatcake out of a tanur chuedl chedl intransitive [past: past: ] 1
oven) 2 fish-hook fishing-rod small to sift (through a sieve) 2 to be strained, be filtered out 3 to be
wood, copse filtered through 4 to be chosen, be selected 5 to be gathered, be
changak hooked, unciform (of a beak, etc.) picked (berries, etc.) 6 to be perceptible, be seen (through the
1 changl f. [plural: changli] talons trees, etc.) 7 to be weeded (out)
2 changl m. changul (measure of land equal to fifteen 1 chav m. 1 crack, slit 2 cleft, fissure 3 shallow ditch, trench
dzharibs or a quarter kul'ba) 2 chu m.
chngn m. miser 3 cho chu Giddap! (cry used to encourage a horse to continue)
chang m. lapwing (bird) chvr hanging, pendent
changoj m. puppy chvravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to hang,
changraj m. piece, fragment (e.g., of rock) hang up, suspend
chingavl denominative, transitive chv ra f. 1 dried fig 2 infant's pacifier made from dried fig
1 chung f. local duty, municipal tax chvredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2 changj cross-eyed, squinteyed hung up, be suspended
chingedl denominative, intransitive chuv m. 1 sweeper 2 dark-complexioned person
chanmrj f. chob m. 1 tree 2 stick, staff 3 mace
1 chna f. 1 province, district, regional subdivision 2 quarter chobtar f. stage, platform
(of a city, town) 3 external wall (of a house) 4 partition, thin wall chobn ignorant
5 edge of a roof 6 figurative patronage, protection chobk m. drumstick
2 chan f. dispute over price or a commercial transaction chob wooden
to bargain chup 1 2 2
3 chan f. jaw chop m. chop l m. 1 platform 2 awning 3 hut
1 chanj m. basin, bowl chop n m. shepherd
2 chanj f. frost, light frosts nipped by frost chuptj f. silence, quiet
3 chnj roan (color of a horse) chopa f. beam (for reinforcing a wall); brace
1 chu m. 1 chupr piebald; dappled
2 cha m. 1 sifting (through a sieve) 2 straining, filtration 3 chop m. 1 work, service to work, serve 2 waiting
choice, selection 4 gathering, collecting, picking (berries, etc.) 5 upon, serving to wait upon, serve someone 3
weeding compound verb serving, service serving the country
cha m. brush (for thatching roofs)
3
chupn 1 having inflamed eyes 2 weak-eyed, having poor
cha kha f. disease of the joints, arthritis eyesight
chsk 1 moldy, covered with mold 2 stinking, fetid 1 chopj m. 1 servant, attendant 2 waiter idiom
ch ka f. ch sa f. mold, mildew to a robot
grow moldy, be covered with mold 2 choprj f. 1 attendant 2 waitress
chach m. [ plural: chachn] sparrow chopl chupl transitive [past: ] to suck, suck in,
chachak m. little sparrow imbibe
chachaka f. chacha f. 1 hen sparrow 2 chopanj m. bubble (e.g., of soap)
general sparrow 3 small bird chupavl transitive 2
cha v m. chakv m. chpa feminine singular of
chul chl transitive [past: ] chaavl chpa-chupj f.
denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to strain, filter 2 to chupedl intransitive
267
chavpr 2
chkha f. 1 curvature; distortion 2 crookedness; round
chotng m. plural chotngj f. metal ring around shoulders
a pack saddle (camel's) chukhj 1 pitted, pocked 2 hump-backed; stooped; round-
chotar m. shouldered
chotj m. 1 femoral ligament 2 swimming trunks 3 rope chokhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
1
used for tying a pack to a camel be inclined, be bent 2 to be distorted

1 chu m. chintz, printed cotton chukhedl intransitive [past: ] to pierce,
2
2 chu m. 1 1 2 sufficient penetrate, be stuck into

chond z m. guess, conjecture chavdl intransitive
choavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to chudn m. plural pig-iron smelting of pig-iron
drag, drag along 2 to steal chudan attributive cast iron boiler
1
cho f. matter; concern idiom to work chaudhr m. 1 shift-foreman 2 senior man (in various
continually groups)
2
chva f. sandal idiom to win a law suit chavdj m. sweat-cloth, saddle-cloth
1
cho uncombed, disheveled 1 chur 1.1 powder 1.2 sawdust 1.3 small fragment 2
2
cho f. Eastern 1 leave, holidays to take a predicative .1 indented 2.2 figurative tormented, tortured
holiday, vacation 2 release, dismissal (from a job) to to suffer, be tormented
dismiss, fire someone 2 chur m. robbery, raid, foray to rob to be
choedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be robbed
dragged, drag 2 to be stolen 3 figurative to cope with something 3
chur m. [plural: chur n] 1 rut 2 ravine 3 gully
4 to attain victory 4
chur m. sharp stone (for slaughtering cattle)
chudzhakj f. 2
5
chur Eastern 1 all, fully, as a whole 2 completely, quite;
chudzhj f. 2 absolutely, conclusively I completely forgot
choch m. custom, tradition about that.
chuch aj m. regional island churdl m. [plural: churbalna plural:
chuch m. children's speech birdie, bird churbl] hair-rope
1 chuchj m. nestling churt m. 1 to become pensive
2 chuchj f. pheasant churt pensive
3 chuchj regional weak-eyed, having poor eyesight chur m.
1 chokh 1 crooked, bent 2 curved; stooping, round-shouldered churchurk m. mole-cricket (insect)
2 chukh acute (e.g., of an angle) churchurakj m. churchurj f. cricket
chukht chorkj f. teal (the bird)
chkhta f. cave churl v m. machine; motor
chukhn churl 5
chukh f. churla f. revolution; circling, turning
chukhka f. churlk m. 1 revolution; circling, turning to
chukhl m. skis, snowshoes circle, soar (of birds etc.) 2 turns, revolutions (of machines,
chukhla f. wheels)
1 chukhalj f. tall hat churlka f. churlkaj m. 1 wooden top 2 spout
2 chukhlj m. sharp stake, sharp spike (for taking the kernels (e.g., of a teapot) 3 toe (of a shoe)
from ears off corn) churlanj m. 1
chukhmkhaj pitted, pocked, nicked churlavl transitive [past: ] to circle, turn,
chkhi f. plural pus, gum (in the eyes) revolve
1 cvhokhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to churl chorla f. inlet aperture of an irrigation well or canal
incline, bend 2 to distort system; cofferdam
2 chukhavl transitive churldzaj m. axle, shaft (of a machine, wheels)
chukhvla f. chukhnaj m. churledl intransitive [present: present:
1 chokh f. past: ]1 to turn, rotate, revolve, spin around
268
My head is spinning around a lot today. 2 to circle (of an chugh having the eyes screwed up to screw
aircraft) 3 to revolve (machine, wheels); operate (of mechanisms) the eyes up
chormachr churmachr 1 cut up into pieces, cut up chughlj choghlj m. 1 stopping place for camels 2
carelessly 2 m. man who is hopelessly in love cesspool
churn chorn m. 1 2 drainage ditch chughbgh noise, disorder
churndk m. warbler (the bird) chughj green; blossoming, burgeoning (of buds)
chavrng m. 1 fencing 2 cutting off the four feet of an chughk m. arid plain mimosa, jinjak (a medicinal plant)
animal with one blow of a sword chughka f. 1 sparrow 2 small bird
1 chur m. hernia 1 chughl m. skis
2 chra f. dark and gloomy ravine 2 chughl m. 1 gossip; scandal-monger; intriguer 2 sieve,
3 chra feminine singular of 1 2 strainer; sifter
1 churj m. 1 servant 2 dancer chughl f. piece of scandal; tale-bearing to carry
2 churj f. 1 housemaid, domestic servant 2 dancer gossip; inform on, tell tales about
3 chavrj f. swatter (flies) chugh-u-bgh m. Eastern to
4 chur f. regional shortbread, small and rich loaf raise a ruckus
1 chu m. 1 pin, hinge (door) 2 splitting with a wedge chogh f. chugh kaftan (long Eastern-style outer robe)
2 chav destroyed; annihilated; ruined ! May your chughj 1 becoming stooped; stooping 2 hunchback
house be destroyed! (curse) chughedl intransitive
chu m. bracelet 1 chavk m. 1 market square Chawk, the bazaar in
chu gh m. 1 crevice (in a rock, cliff wall) 2 cleft 3 channel Kabul 2 crossroads 3 small paved area in front of an entrance
(river) 4 ravine door or shop 4 small raised porch or platform around a mosque
chuchuk m. child 2
chuk m. 1 reduction 2 alleviation (e.g., of one's fate) 3
chuk m. lock, bolt; bar suppression (of anger, etc.) 4 loss, damage 5 blunder
chokj f. dialect a to reduce b to soothe, quite; mitigate c to suppress anger, etc.
chu m. black-billed thrush d regret, sorrow
choukj m. dialect small knife 3
chok kneeling (of a camel)
1 chuavl transitive [past: ] to release (water 4
chuk cross-eyed, one-eyed
onto the fields) 5
chavk m. chauk something well or bravely done; something
chavravl denominative, intransitive [past:
2
] to done conscientiously
destroy, annihilate; ruin 6
chuvk m. staff for measuring the water-level in an
chuh r m. gurgling or rippling of water (i.e., the sound) irrigation-well
choj m. sweeper 7 chok dialect vice
1 chavedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to chok m. 1 frame, framework 2 landing-gear, chassis 3
be destroyed, be annihilated; go into a decline 2 to be ruined door-post, door-jamb 4 military personnel, cadre 5 diagram 6
2 chuedl intransitive [past: ] to flow (of water) structure (system) 7 boundaries, limits
churajl transitive [past: ] to caulk chok adjective frame loop (frame) antenna
chuz m. young falcon, young hawk (as yet untrained) chukchka f. gossip, hearsay; rumors to
chza 1 feminine of 2 beautiful woman, beauty spread a rumor There is a rumor that
chzaj tender, soft chokr m. 1
chus m. 1 insignificant thing 2 anatomy third stomach (of 1 chok servant
ruminants) 3 peritoneum 4 entrails 2 chok blind
chavs r m. file chukstrgaj cross-eyed, one eyed
chstaj m. chokl transitive
chos f. lassitude; laziness 1 chokvl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
choshk m. 1 pacifier (infant's) 2 sucker (plant, animal make a camel kneel idiom a to inflict
organ) damage on someone's house b to do something unpleasant to
chhtaj m. abomasum, rennet bag (a division of the someone
stomach of ruminants) chavkavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
2
chhka f. spout of a teakettle, etc. behave well, behave as one should, do conscienciously
269
chukavl transitive regional [past: ] to plant

3
1 chonj one-armed, armless
(e.g., a tree) 2 chun f. large braid of hair
1
chuk f. 1 pike, lance 2 sharp pain, stabbing pain 3 chundj m. hopping on one leg
dipping into something 4 small quantity, few a to split chunj f.
b to dip in, stick into, pierce c to plant (trees etc.) a to chnke conjunction insofar as, for
be split b to be pierced, be penetrated c to be planted (of trees, chunkj 1.1 shameless, impudent 1.2 obscene, indecent 2
etc.) m.
2 chuk f. 2 1 chung m. 1 handful 2 share, part of something 3
1 chavkj f. chokj plural 1 chair, seat fragment
school desk to sit on a chair 2 guard post, guard 2
chung m. [plural: chung n] 1 peep (of nestling) 2
unit 3 visit to a holy place, pilgrimage to make a immature thought; poorly-thought out advice 3 slander
pilgrimage, visit holy places chung h m.
2 chukj a little bit chungha m. idiom to be occupied
chavkid r m. with a meaningless or insignificant matter
chokedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be chungkng m. Chongqing (Chungking, Chinese city)
kneeling (of a camel) 2 to be bent (under a heavy load) idiom chungn whining, pitiable, pathetic
saying If we live long enough, we chungha f.
will see the outcome. chungavl transitive [past: ] to make a child cry
chavkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
2
1 chungj m. 1 to crush, grind up
well done, be conscientiously done to do or produce a bit at a time
chokjs z m. joiner 2 chungj m. 1 1 2 payment in kind (to a smith,
chavg n m. polo mallet barber, etc. for services) a to collect a local tax
chavgnbz f. polo (mounted) b to take payment in kind
1 chol m. steppe, arid grasslands 3 chungj m. chirping (of nestling)
2 chul m. 1 4 chungj one-armed; armless
3 chvl transitive [past: ] 1.1 to split, cleave 1.2 to chungedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to weep; sob 2
detonate, blast 2 [past: ]intransitive .1 to burst, crack; split to rumble (of the stomach)
apart 2.2 to be blown up, be blasted 2.3 to be exploded, be chun-u-cher f. 1 quarreling; altercation 2 (nagging,
detonated 2.4 to suffer, be tormented pestering) queries
4 chavl separable part of verb 1
chna f. old woman
cholv dying of thirst 2
chun f. lime quicklime slaked
1 chol k m. wet snow, snow mixed with rain lime limewater, calcium hydroxide suspension
2 cholk m. uncircumcised penis of a child limestone to whitewash
chulavl denominative, transitive [past: ] chunagch m. plural 1 alabaster 2 attributive clad in
to gape, yawn, open the mouth wide stone or brick; whitewashed
1 chol f. crevice, crack chunaj adjective limestone
2 chla gaping, with open mouth 1 chunj m. 1 dwarf 2 tiny, small
1 chavlaj past participle of 3 2 chunj f. ruby
2 cholj 1 shirt (with tucks at the waist) 2 torn or broken 3 chavnj f. 2
snare 1 chu m. 1 fold, pleat; layer, sheet This
3 cholj f. 2 cloth will not wrinkle. 2 pin, pivot (of a door); hinge (of a door)
chom m. 3 2
chu m. 1 whisper 2 chirping (of nestling) a to
chombj m. pestle (mortar) utter, whisper b to chirp, emit chirping
chumdj m. main beam of a rice-husker chu f.
chuml transitive [past: ] to kiss 1 chuch m. chirp, chirping chirp
chumj m. childhood disease 2 chuch
chun conjunction 1 insofar as 2 as chucha f.
chumbl m. large bowl of a fakir chukj m. 1 twittering 2 babbling (of water) 3 crackling,
chontar f. chauntar 1 awning 2 platform; rise, elevation sputtering (in roasting)
270
chunl transitive [past: ] 1 to sift 2 to strain, filter 3 chahardh f. chahrdeh f. Chardekhi (district and
to select, choose 4 to gather (e.g., in making a dress) idiom plain near Kabul)
to wrinkle up the nose chahrrah f. crossroads
chulaj plicated, folded chahrshamb f. Wednesday
chuavl transitive [past: ] 1 to make a bird sing chahrkudzha quadrangular
or squawk 2 to release water with a gurgling sound chahrn'l chrn'l m. gallop (gait)
chunavl transitive 1 chahrk r m. 1
chuh r m. chirping, twittering (of birds) 2 chrik r m. Charikar (city)
One can hear the twittering of sparrows. chhuj f.
1 chuj madrasa student chahjl m.
2 chavj f. choj caserne military post chhat m. regional punkah, ceiling fan
1 chuj m. 1 song-bird 2 nightingale chihiladam f. short stroll to stroll, go for
2 chuj violet a walk
1 chuedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to sing, chirp (of chahlj f. 8
birds) 2 to gurgle (of water) 1 chaj m. chj f.
chuedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be sifted; be
2
2 chi 2
strained, be filtered 2 to be gathered into folds or pleats, be 3 che f. the name for the letter
wrinkled (of clothing) 4 che combination of the conjunction and the preposition
chv m. wind accompanied by wet snow I am busy with this very matter.
1
chav f. large woven basket ch suffix of agent cook spectator,
2
chav f. 1 grassy glade, hollow 2 small irrigation well (in a observer
melon field) chjshe f. dialect teapot, teakettle
chuh aj dirty, base, vile 1 chit m.
chuhr f. pleat, tuck, gather 2 chit 1 crushed; crumpled; flattened 2 flat, plane
chuhj m. 1 trash-picker 2 man belonging to the scavenger, chit f. Chita
trash-picker, trash-collector 3 outcast, untouchable chit-pt crushed; flattened out
chuhan m. cast-iron, pig-iron chitr m. Eastern Chitar (the 12th month of the Hindu
1 cha f. chah m. 1 shade 2 cover, shelter; protection calendar; March-April)
2 chi ch che conjunction 1 that (introduces a subordinate chit f. regional rags
clause) ... He said that 2 who, which (introduces a chitavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to crush;
determinant subordinate clause) flatten out to crush a scorpion
The boy who is called Ahmed The chitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
house in which we live 3 when (introduces temporal subordinate crushed, be crumpled up, be flattened down
clauses) When you came to chi m. chintz, printed cotton
Ahmed what did he say to you? chij f. Eastern 1 note; letter 2 invoice
When I looked I saw a tree. 4 since, for, because chich chich [plural: chich] 1 m. .1 fold 1.2
(introduces a subordinate clause of causality) since wrinkle 1.3 red-tape merchant, petty functionary 2.1 wrinkled
I am very much afraid 5 in order that, so as to (introduces a 2.2 knotty, gnarled (of a stick)
subordinate clause of purpose) I came in order to chichaavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
see you. 6 if, whenever (introduces a conditional subordinate fold, make folds 2 to wrinkle
clause) If you depart, how can I chich f. 1 soft little clod or lump of something 2 crumpled
remain? idiom folklore once upon a time there object 3 lean meat
was a merchant chichj f. very small louse
ch diminutive suffix small garden chichaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
chah r numeral 1 four 2 used as the first or second element of form folds or pleats 2 to wrinkle up
compounds Charasiya (district) chichk m. 1 chicken-pox 2 infection of fruit trees by scale-
chahrburdzhk m. Chaharburjak (settlement) insects
chahrtar sh m. boards, planks chichka f. pullet
271
chichl transitive [past: ] 1 bite, masticate, gnaw chigh r cry of a bird

to bite one's lips (in anger) chgha f. to cry out, yell to
to chew one's lips 2 to sting, stick (with a sting, point) 3 to nibble cry out, make a loud declaration
(e.g., sunflower seeds) 4 to chew, chew thoroughly 5 to gnaw chik m.
around (a bone) 6 to curse, berate 7 to grind, chatter (the teeth) chilm m.
idiom to have it in for someone chelj chilj Eastern kid
chichnkaj vicious dog chim m. name of the letter
chichj m. [plural: chichijn] 1 fledgling, chick 2 1 chin m. 1 picking, gathering, harvesting (cotton, vegetables)
young (of animals, e.g., cub, calf) a to hatch out 2 selection, choice
chicks b to give birth to young fry, fingerlings (fish) 2
chin m. China the People's Republic of
chikh f. children's speech bow-wow (dog) China the South China Sea the
chikht East China Sea
chikhl transitive chindzhn m.
chkhla f. stick, staff chindzhj m.
chikhn 1 dirty 2 suppurating chinch aj m. cricket
chikhntb m. chikhnv laj m. dirt, mud chindkh m. crab
chikhaj m. rags chindakhkhr m. heron
chkhi f. plural chinkha f.
chjdamj f. teapot, teakettle ching open, gaping (of a mouth, beak)
chrta Eastern chingkhlaj with wide-open mouth, with gaping maw
chra f. rag (animal)
chir f. turban with narrow twisted folds chingdaj m. scoffer, mocker
chri Western chri chre 1 where (to) Where are chingavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
you going? Where is he going? 2 where (at) open, gape (mouth, beak)
Where will I see you? 3 (to) somewhere, chingh r m. whining and crying (of a child)
anywhere 4 (at) somewhere; anywhere, somewhere or other 5 chingedl denominative, intransitive to be open, be gaping
once; someday a here and there b sometimes (of a mouth, beak)
I sometimes see Ahmed. idiom if, in the chin f. spring, source the sources of a river
event that 5 idiom If the necessity arises oil deposits
1
chi m. 1 sticky substance 2 gum; mucilage; pitch, resinous 1 chin m. Eastern sugar
secretion 2 chin chinj 1.1 adjective Chinese 1.2 china
2 che m. 1 exertions 2 obstinacy 3 altercation; dispute chinaware, china service ceramics factory,
chech m. Eastern [plural: cheche] 1 joke 2 pottery 2 m. Chinese (person)
gaiety a to joke with someone b to 3 chinj piebald (of a horse)
enjoy oneself chin f. combining form construction, laying, installing
chech e f. plural regional enjoyment, delight, pleasure stone facing
to take pleasure in chinib b m. plural 1 articles of porcelain and pottery;
chel transitive [past: ] 1 to oppress; disturb 2 porcelain or pottery table service 2 silicates
chin khartsavnkaj m.
chiz m. chinid n m. Eastern sugar-bowl
chist n m. riddle, mystery chinifursh m. dealer in tableware (porcelain, china,
chistkaj 1 soft 2 juicy pottery, etc.)
cheshn hirsute; shaggy, touseled chinihnd m. Indo-China (peninsula)
cheshnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to chij f. chisel
disarrage, tousled chj 4
cheshnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
get disarranged, get tousle
chihl transitive
chihn drinking; drink
272
He lives by himself. He lives completely alone.

He is dissatisfied with himself. ! Each
person thinks of himself first. Charity begins at home.
dze the ninth letter of the Pashto alphabet proverb to judge others by oneself
dz 2.2 employed in connection with transitive verbs by a reflexive
dzb imperfect of verb a to hurl oneself on, fall upon b to give oneself out
dzp imperfect of as another person (to pretend to be someone else), imitate someone
dzdz m. plural 1 the Dzadzi, Jaji (a tribe) 2 dzdzj m. & else, emulate another person c to subject or expose oneself to
f. [plural: dzadzaij n] Dzadzi, Jaji something to warm oneself to ruin oneself
dzdzi-majd n m. Dzadzi-Majdan (a district in Khost) idiom to put up with
dztsl intransitive [past: ]to get angry, grow enraged someone; calmly obey someone to
dzr m. sacrifice, oblation transfer something of value to someone; yield or bestow something
dzrdz r m. clamor, outcry upon someone Take this pen, it is yours
dzr-u-dzah r m. 1 I am prepared to do everything for you dznplna f. egotism, self-love
(conventional formula) 2 blessing, farewell to bless, dznplnkaj dznplaj egotistical, selfish
address in parting dznparast f.
dzravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to offer a dznpdz n separate; isolated
sacrifice, sacrifice idiom a to wave, wave over the dz nta 1.1 to oneself, for oneself, for or to ones very self; by
head (as a hat, flag) b to lift up and throw an opponent to the one's own self 1.2 toward oneself 2.1 separate, by own self,
ground (as in wrestling) 1
alone 2.2 particularly, specially; concerning
dzredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be a I will speak a bit with you alone. b I will have a little talk
offered in sacrifice 1 with you in particular. to seclude, separate, isolate
dzg l transitive [past: ] history to scratch to be secluded, be separated, be isolated 3.1 reserved,
dzkj f. armful of wheat unsociable He is a reserved. He is an unsociable
dzglj f. 1 cage (for animals) 2 (snug, little) home idiom man. 3.2 special This has a special
anatomy rib cage significance. 3.3 diplomacy extraterritorial
dz la f. Eastern nest idiom this world dzn dzravnaj self-sacrificing; selfless
to settle, settle down somewhere 1 dzndz nta 1 personally 2 separately, specially
dzlj f. 1 nest; (snug, little) home to build a nest dzndzn f. 1 egotism, self-love 2 disconnectedness
2 hangar single rounds (of gunfire) 3 seclusion 4 limitedness
dzm abbreviation vice so So, dzndzolj f. playful rocking a child back and forth by the
you didn't go? hands and feet to amuse a child by swinging it back
dzmn plural of and forth by hands and feet
dzm imperfect of dzndzomaj weak, puny
dzn m. 1.1 body A nettle-rash has broken out dznkhurg f. dznkhvurg dznkhurg dznkhurag 1
on my body. I felt bad. I was sick. 1.2 soul, exhaustion 2 depression 3 irritation a to be
spirit 1.3 life 1.4 private parts (of the human body) 2 m. .1 exhausted b to experience depression c to be irritated
reflexive pronoun oneself self-respect one's 1 dznkhvah f. self-sacrifice
own, one's particular to protect oneself, defend 2 dznkhvhaj self-satisfied, complacent
someone to ask oneself a question dznd r 1 lively, animated 2 m. lively topic; living
for one's own self Eastern creature
a with oneself (when speaking of a single dzndari f. 1 life 2 animation
individual) b to oneself (e.g., to think) with themselves (many dzndra f. form; shape
people) like oneself my self, yourself, himself dznstjna f. self-praise
(etc.) I was, as it were, without dznhkravna f. pretense, hypocrisy
consciousness a to bring someone to, bring back dznhodna f. display of one's personal qualities; posing
to consciousness b to make someone think better of, make dznghlakavl m. plural self-aggrandizement, self-
someone see reason He laughed at himself. deceit
to brag, boast
273
dznghuhtl m. dznghuhtna f. plural echelon 8 case, instance These

egotism, self-love verbs are employed in many situations. 9 basis, grounds for
dzn ghulavnkaj deceiving oneself something appropriate condolences 10 job,
dznkadn m. position to receive a job, get a position to go
dznkhl m. plural seclusion into retirement a to put in place b to calm c to
dznkandn m. death-throes, mortal agony kill on the spot compound verb a to
dzng present stem of be, be located b to be appropriate c to take place, happen
dzngtj f. 1 specialization 2 peculiarity a to occupy a place; lodge b to take place, eventuate c to
dz ngaj 1 special, particular 2 distinctive 3 independent replace someone Our efforts will
dzng f. Eastern [plural: dzngve] cradle not be in vain. a to compare with, match with
someone; catch up with someone b to jump as far as another
dz nla to live by oneself a to effect, bring about
dznlagaj He fulfilled the petition of all. b
dznlav laj m. solitude, seclusion a to be effectuated, be brought about b
dznmntb m. dzanmn f. self-satisfaction to come to oneself (after a faint)
dznmannaj dznmnj self-satisfied to bring something to a conclusion, execute
dznavr m. living being, living creature a to reach, achieve, attain something
dznvzg raj without work, unoccupied Ahmed reached home. b to attain a goal c figurative to get a
dz na 1 My Soul! My Dear! My Darling! (as a form of address) good job, obtain a good position d figurative to make one's way
2 oblique of in the world e to reach a specific age to reach
dzn imperfect of maturity (of a girl) a to bring, deliver to a place b
dznadzn f. figurative to help to get on in the world idiom
dzn heravnkaj self-sacrificing; selfless instead of Send your brother
self-sacrifice; selfessness instead of yourself. appropriate, apt, as
dzn 1 corporeal, physical 2 human, personnel (of casualties) it should be inappropriate, out of place, inept
losses, casualties (from personnel strength) 3 at one sitting, at a stretch surprisingly
subjective funnily together, jointly a to
dz a f. dialect convoke, convene b to unite, unify a to assemble,
dz aj m. crane (the bird) gather Many people were assembled b
dzv March!, On the double! to be unified, be united to coincide, happen at the
dzj Eastern dze m. 1 place, site same time insofar as it was possible
unoccupied place, empty seat here and there dz j 2
to yield a place, give up a seat dzjbnd fattened up in a stall (of cattle)
Eastern Where did he sit? 2 locale, location; inhabited dzjd d m.
location, built-up area He was dzjghlj f. woman in childbirth
born in Baguz, near Gazni. Mejmene is a 1 dzjgj m. diminutive small town colloquial
trade center. from those places, of that place residence
Where are you going? Where are you 2
dzjg right here, on the spot to slay on the
from? Where do you come from? spot
from there 1 dzjn staj m. 1 substitute; deputy 2 successor
from here everywhere, an all sides, 2 dzjnst f. acting tenure of office; office of deputy
wherever a on the spot b everywhere a dzjv l settled (in contrast to nomadic)
there and now, on the spot, at once b here and there dzjavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
in places, here and there 3 premises; house, residence; embody; to lodge, accommodate; to put in, install, establish 2 to
building the master of the house hold, include, incorporate 3 to enter (e.g., on a list) 4 to fix,
Where is your house? We arrived at our own place. 4 reinforce (in memory)
bed to make a bed to go to bed 5 military dzj 1 settled; local natives, local
position 6 portion, share to divide into four parts 7 population 2 stable, invariable 3 firm, solid 4 appropriate,
echelon; establishment; work-place a high place b high suitable idiom to appear, arise
274
dzjedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be dzaavl transitive [past: ] 1 to hang, hang up,
embodied; be lodged; be established; be disposed 2 to be suspend 2 to lower, let down 3 to hang, lower (the head)
incorporated, be contained, be included in 3 to be entered, be dza f. attack of a dog
recorded (e.g., on a list) 4 to be fixed, be reinforced (in memory) dzaedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to hang, be hung 2 to
You are out of place among us. be lowered, be let down 3 to hang over A
1 dzab hirsute, hairy storm cloud hung over the village. 4 to be hung down (of the
2 dzab interjection bang head) 5 to droop (of flowers) 6 figurative to cling (e.g., to the
dzabdzb small, reduced in size past)
dzabgraj having a broad or thick beard dzez m. dzzkj m. dzzh r m. sizzling
dzabl transitive [past: ] 1 to crush, pulverize 2 to to sizzle
chop (meat) 3 to wink 4 to beat, thrash 5 figurative to oppress 1
dzg m. 1 dam of loose earth (allowing water to percolate
6 figurative to degrade 7 to affect, strike (of a disease) 8 to through) 2 sandy bank of an irrigation channel (allowing water to
destroy, defeat percolate through) 3 drifts of sand and gravel
1
dzbla with one another, among ourselves, themselves, 2 dzg m. whistle of a bullet
yourselves; mutually a placed together; placed in a pile 1 dzga f. 1 stomach pains 2 birth pangs
b pleated; in pleats 2 dzga f. hillock
2 dzabla f. imperfect of dzht 1 severe; sharp 2 very, too much, exceedingly (used
dzablaj 1 past participle of 2 unhappy as an intensifying word) very good It
suffering idiom frightened people, panic-stricken is very hot in this room very much
people dzhkla when, at the time when
dzabn dzabn 1.1 crude, rough 1.2 rude; uncouth 1.3 dzegh m. dialect 1, 2
ignorant 2 dzabn m. idiot, imbecile; ignoramus 1 dzghst m. 1 run 2 raid
dzbavl transitive [past: ] to blink (the eyes) 2 dzghst imperfect of
dzabedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be dzghst f.
thick, grow thick 2 to be plentiful, be abundant dzghstl intransitive
dzbehl transitive dzghst m. plural run, running, race
dzbehnd 1 suctorial; sucking out, sucking dry 2 soaking dzghl f. small lump of dough
up into itself; absorbing blotting paper dzghm imperfect of
dzapl transitive I have a bad case of dzghast f. run on the run, at a run
influenza. to break into a run
dzdz f. sizzling (of roasting meat) dzghastl intransitive [present: past: ]to run
dzadzbkaj m. dzadzglaj m. cracklings, 1 dzghl present stem of
cracknels 2 dzghl f. present stem of
dzdzerl transitive dzghal f. run; races; horseraces a racetrack b
dzkha dialect 1 figurative arena
dzadr 1 m. plural Dzadrani, Jadrani (tribe) 2 m. Dzadran, dzghalv imperfect of
Jadran (tribesman) dzghalnd 1 running; racing 2 at a run; at a gallop
dzrdz m. dzghlandj pitiable; poor
dzerdzstrgaj dzghalavl transitive 1 to make run; urge on; drive 2 to put
1 dzraj m. 1 spy, espionage operative, secret police agent 2 to flight; drive away 3 to drive off (horses, etc.) 4 to flush
back-sight (gun); sight to aim, take aim 3 (game); drive out (of a lair, den) 5 to lay in (a water conduit, etc.)
Eastern guide, conductor 6 to extend (a pipeline) 7 literally to put out (e.g., roots)
2 dzarj f. food dzghla imperfective imperative singular of
dzardza f. safflower, Carthmus tinctorious 1 dzghal present of
dzaav imperfect of 2 dzghalj imperfective imperative plural of
dznd dzghaledl intransitive [present: past: ] 1 to
dzandavl transitive run 2 to rush, race; proceed quickly (of automotive vehicles,
dzobj m. waterfall, cataract ships) 3 to flee, be put to flight 4 to be laid down (of water
conduits, pipe, etc.) 5 to extend (of a pipeline)
275
dzgaled m. plural 1 run 2 flight, escape 3 swift motion dzal n dzl nd 1 shining, sparkling, radiant 2 figurative
(of automotive vehicles, ships) 4 laying (of waterline) 5 extent, clear, evident 3 figurative outstanding, distinguished, brilliant
laying down (of pipeline) He is an outstanding writer. a
dzgham m. absorption to make to shine, make to sparkle b figurative to make clear,
dzghamdzhn 1 reserved; restrained 2 patient make evident c to single out from others a to shine,
dzghaml transitive [past: ] 1 to suffer, endure, put sparkle, be radiant b figurative to be clear, be evident c to be
up with 2 to absorb to absorb light to absorb outstanding, be singled out from others, be conspicuous
water dzalbl
dzgavl transitive [past: ] to cause sizzling dzalbal nd 1 agitated 2 deranged; distressed
dzghundzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause dzalbalndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
to twist or wind 2 to turn, invert, turn over to be agitated 2 to be deranged, be distressed
dzghundzedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be dzalblj
twisted 2 to be turned, be inverted dzldzaj m. anatomy mammillated extension of the temporal
dzghedl intransitive [past: ]to sizzle bone
1 dzak m. 1 dzalht m. glitter, radiance, sparkle
2 dzuklavl transitive [past: ] to torture, torment dzalk m. Eastern 1 flash, sudden combustion 2 glitter,
dzukledl intransitive [past: ]to be tortured, be radiance 3 reflection, gleam
tormented dzalk n gleaming, radiating, sparkling
dzakadn m. dzalkedl intransitive dialect
dzka conjunction therefore, for this reason dzall m. dialect
He has a grudge against you, therefore he will not dzalm f.
come. because therefore, and so, that's why dzalmaj m.
1 dzag m. foam soapsuds to whip up 1 dzalmj m. 1
foam or suds to froth, foam to foam up, 2 dzalmj f. 2
arise (of foam, suds) dzalmitb m.
2 dzag m. oil press; container for pressing oil dzalmigaj m. little fellow
dzgl m. bread crumbled into soup dzalmna f.
dzagkhr m. water-bird; seagull 1 dzalnd
dzigr m. 1 anatomy liver hepatic bile duct 2 2 dzalnd 2
breast 3 figurative bravery, valor; manhood idiom dzalnd straj m. astronomy Sirius (the star)
! Don't overstrain yourself! Don't try too hard! dzalandkaj gleaming, sparkling, radiating
dzigargsh 1 dear, beloved 2 near, related dzalubl bright, sparkling
dzigarvr brave, valorous; manly 1 dzalobj m. mirage
dzgarvj m. dialect 2 dzalobj f. jalibi (sweet made of flour, sugar, and oil)
dzigar 1 hepatic 2 dark-red dzalka f. cardiac blood-vessels
dzagl na f. skin-bag for sour milk dzalavl [past: ] transitive to make to gleam or
dzagln foamy sparkle, be radiant; give a luster to
dzgervj m. moan to moan dzaln m. 1 double skin-canteen 2 bag
1 dzal m. [plural: dzalna Eastern f. plural: dzle] 1 dzla f. 1.1 derangement, distress 1.2 worry, alarm 2
time the second time for the first time deranged, distressed
twice in the first instance, in the first place 2 dzla oblique singular used with numeral from 1
often, many times, repeatedly Eastern 1 dzle f. plural Eastern 1
several times two times 2 dzli f. plural
abruptly, all at once once again, once more dzaledl intransitive 1.1 [past: ]to gleam, sparkle, be
for the second time radiant; twinkle The stars are twinkling
2
dzl m. [plural: dzln] horse cloth; saddlecloth m. in the sky. The headlights of cars gleamed
ironic idiom to subordinate oneself to someone ahead. 1.2 m. plural figurative to be radiant, glow (e.g., from
dzl f. joy) 2 m. plural .1 gleam, sparkling; radiance; twinkle 2.2 heat
dzld r shining (of hair, fleece) lightning heat lightning
276
dzaledna f. dzaled m. plural gleam, sparkling, dzanmn 1 slow; long-drawn out; protracted 2 tardy
radiance; twinkling the twinkling of stars dzann dzandanaj old, ancient idiom
dzm first person present of 1 1 rancid oil
dzm dzm pronoun Eastern dzannj 1 tardy He is late with
dzumb m. dialect twinkling, winking, blinking an answer. 2 slow, gradual idiom petunia
dzaml transitive dzandv laj m.
dzambedl intransitive [past: ]to drag oneself along, dzanavl transitive [past: ] to detain; drag out;
trudge tput aside passive to be detained; be dragged out, be
dzmarj m. Eastern put aside, be postponed
dzmknj adjective Eastern 1 land, ground 2 figurative dzanj f.
of the earth, mundane, practicable idiom wild dzanedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be detained; be
strawberries, domestic strawberries earthworms late, be overdue; inger, tarry ! Go more
dzmkav l m. Eastern peasant farmer quickly! Don't delay! 2 to be dragged out; be put aside, be
dzmka f. Eastern 1 earth, land height, elevation postponed 3 to stand for a time, sit there (of food)
2 floor (of a room) 3 the world dzaned m. plural 1 delay, holdup; lateness 2 protraction;
dzaml transitive [past: ] to blink, screw up the eyes; deferment
to squint (from sunlight) dzankadn m. dzankandn m.
dzmng dialect dzang m. dialect 1
1 dzmna f. promise to promise dzangr unconscious, senseless to lose
2 dzamna f. blinking consciousness
dzmug dzmng dzmnga pronoun 1
dzangl m. [plural: dzangalna plural:
dzne dzangal t] Arabic 1 forest; grove thick forest
dznz f. dense forest in the forest forester
dznvr m. [plural: dznvar n dznvr dialect 2 thickets 3 wasteland, waste ground idiom
plural: dznvr] wild beast, animal zoo, zoological to weed, eliminate weeds
park 2 dzangl transitive 1
dznvartb m. feral disposition; brutality; savagery dzangalb gh m. grove; park; tree plantings
dzambl transitive dzangalbn f. timber industry
dzambavl transitive [past: ] 1 to make to wink, dzangl oblique singular of 1
make to squint 2 to shake, quiver 3 to move, budge dzangal 1 adjective .1 forest, timber 1.2 wild, savage 2
dzambedl intransitive [past: ]1 to blink 2 to m. savage idiom disheveled, disarranged
oscillate, shake to and fro 3 to stir, budge dzangraj m. bunch of grapes, cluster of grapes
dzandz m. alum dzangavl transitive Eastern
dzandzrj f. carpet pattern dzangedl intransitive Eastern 1
dzzndzlr m. tassels used to decorate a tent or marquee dzanged masculine plural of
dzndzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to drop dzanl transitive [past: ] to anneal, harden (a javelin
to drop medicine (into eyes, nose, etc.) 2 to distill, alembicate tip, etc.)
dzndza f. centipede dzin f.
dzandzj f. small chain (for jewelry) dzni dzni Eastern dzne 1 dialect postposition out of, from,
dzandzedl intransitive at (in the presence of or in possession of) out of the city,
dzandzr m. 1 chain 2 shackles 3 bonds, ties idiom from the city Do you have the book? 2 adverb
to break the chains of colonialism in their, in his, in her (possession); from him, from her, from them
dzandzirka f. kind of embroidery pattern in the form of a Take my book away from him.
small chain Depart from him 3 pronoun 1
dzandzr larnkaj caterpillar tractor dzkj m. 1 dialect 1

dzankhvl m. anatomy pericardium dzaj m. Eastern 1 1 2 schoolboy
dzan m. anatomy 1 delay; holdup; lateness slowly, 1 zo to be born He was born last year.
gradually to linger, tarry sooner or later 2 dzu first person plural present of 1 1
to linger 2 a stop dzav b m.
277
dzavbltsaj quick-witted, resouceful dzdzaj-mazdzaj m. dialect

dzavb m. one who has rejected, rejectee 1 dzaur m. 1 oppression 2 grief, distress 1
dzvk m. life, existence (My) father is 2 dzur intelligent, clever, bright
living well dzur bi f. plural dialect stockings
dzv la f. dzurtb m. dzurtj f. dzurv laj m. 1
dzv n dzv n 1 m. .1 young man, youth 1.2 fine young intelligence, cleverness, brightness 2 keen hearing 3 keen
fellow 1.3 real man; noble man, generous man 1.4 Eastern eyesight
warrior, soldier 2.1 young, youthful young horse dzravravl transitive [past: ] 1 to torture, torment
young tree, sapling to try to look young 2.2 2 to distress 3 to irritate
under age idiom to turn out to be a fine fellow dzra f. cooking of food
religion Lojdzvan, the Pir Baba (the title of the founder of the Sufi 1 dzavredl intransitive 1 to suffer, be a prey, be tormented
Order of the Qadiriya", Abdul Quadir Beidel Gilyani) 2 to be distressed 3 to be irritated
dzvnbkht 1 happy, lucky 2 gifted, talented dzuredl intransitive [past: ]to be re-cooked, be
2
dzvntb m. youth; youthfulness warmed up (food)

dzvnka f. pimple 1
dzravred m. plural 1 suffering, torment 2 distress 3
1 dzvnkj 1 m. young lad 2 young, youthful irritation
2 dzvnakj f. freckle 2 dzavred imperfect of 1
dzv nga f. pinch to pinch one another dzva low; gently sloping uneven, broken (of terrain)
dzvnmrd m. 1 fine young fellow 2 valorous man; dzvand 1 hanging, suspended suspension bridge 2
daredevil 3 noble man, generous man, magnanimous man flying, fluttering
dzvnmard f. 1 valor, courage 2 nobility, generosity, dzvaandavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
magnanimity to display nobility with regard to hang, suspend 2 to flap, stream
to another dzvaandavna f. 1 hanging, suspension 2 flapping,
dzvnmrg adjective person who had died young; having fluttering, streaming
died in youth dzvaandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
dzvnmarg f. death in youth to hang, be suspended 2 to flap, flutter, stream
dzvnmd m. dzvav laj m. 1 descent, slope 2 brokenness (of terrain)
dzvnmad f. dzvaobj m. waterfall
dzvnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to dzvaavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to lower;
make look young; rejuvenate bring down; reduce, demote
dzv na 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. [plural: 1 dzva f. lowering a raising and lowering
dzvn ni] young girl, unmarried woman extremely broken terrain b figurative reversal
dzvn f. 1 youth; youthfulness to enjoy youth of fortune, vicissitudes of fate
2 valor, courage 3 nobility, generosity, magnanimity 2 dzva feminine singular of
generosity; hospitality 4 beauty dzvaj m. 1
dzvnimrg attributive having died in youth dzvaedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to descend, come
! curse May you drop dead! down 2 to dismount
dzvnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to dzoz m. Eastern
grow young again, seem to grow a bit younger 2 to be nubile, dzozkhn f. Eastern temporary cabin made of brushwood
start to develop (of children) 3 to develop dzza f. Eastern
dzvnedna f. dzvned m. plural youth, state of dzvag m. noise

being young dzoh m. boiling hot water boiler; kettle
dzv vla f. to boil water
dzv vna f. soup dzoh f.
dzbl dialect dzohavl transitive [past: ] to boil hot water
dzoblavl transitive dzughl f.
dzobledl intransitive dzka f. birth
dzavdz t m. dialect 1 descent, origin 2 clan, family dzul m. 1 snowstorm; hard frost 2 prolonged rain; bad weather
dzavln f.
278
dzolj f. 1 dzeged l Eastern intransitive of

1
dzum m. Eastern 1 2 dziged

l denominative, intransitive
2
dzvmna f. soup dzeged

m. plural Eastern
dzunj m. pompom; tassel dzesl transitive
dzoj m. dzvaj [plural: dzmn] Eastern son dzig Eastern
dzojk m. Eastern little son, sonny dzigr m. a He is very nervous.
dzojgalv f. b He is burning with impatience.
dzojmraj m. man who has lost a son dzigarvr
dzojv laj m. dzojval m. obligations and the dzegavl transitive Eastern 1
rights of a son 1 dzig Eastern 1
dz personal pronoun Eastern I 2 dzig Eastern 2
2 dza imperfective imperative of 1 1 dzegedl intransitive Eastern
1 dze f. name of the letter 1 dzel m. 1 2 stubborness; obstinacy; unyieldingness
2 dze second person present of 1 1 2 dzel m. 1 coupled buckets of a noria (well) 2 column (of
3 dzi present tense of 1 1 prisoners, etc.)
4 dzj 1 imperfective imperative of 1 1 2 second person 1
dzel m. 1 boor 2 blockhead
plural present tense of 1 1 2
dzelj f. 1 branch, shoot, scion (of a grapevine) 2 breed (of
1 dzj m. Eastern animals, etc.) idiom Grief consumed
2 dzaj dzj m. suffix place bazaar him
dzeb m. dzin m. [plural: dzin n] saddle
dzidzerl transitive [past: ] 1 to chop, crumble, 1 dzin oblique plural of 1
crush 2 to beat, thrash someone 3 figurative to bawl out, tell off 2 dzno dznu oblique plural of 1
dzir 1 m. .1 fixed, intent stare, scrutiny
1
3 dzno oblique plural of
to stare intently, scrutinize 1.2 to investigate 1 dzina f.
something 1.3 attention to pay a lot of 2 dzna folklore present tense of 1 vice 3
attention to something ... One should pay special 1 dzini indefinite pronoun usually plural 1 some
attention in that a to look intently at, sometimes, at times in some places
scrutinize b to pay close attention to someone or something c to some , others 2 dzne Eastern postposition
pay attention to someone or something ! Attention! 2 2 dzin plural of 1
attributive .1 intent, attentive intent stare 2.2
investigating, looking into something a to scrutinize,
look closely at b to investigate, look into something
2 dzir m. 1 peep 2 3 tse the tenth letter of the Pashto alphabet. In some dialects it is
3 dzir m. kind of soft leather from Iran pronounced as "s" and can be accordingly changed by the letter
dzirtb m. dzirtj f. 1 2 attention and frequently changes to
dzirk dialect ts m. [plural: tsah n plural: tsh n f. plural:
dzrma f. tsg ni plural: ts vi] 1 well deep well well
dzir f. 1 share, portion 2 water 2 bore hole oil well 3 mine coal mine
dzig 2 4 figurative abyss, chasm idiom literally to
dzigtb
m. dzigtj
f. 1 hardness, firmness 2 undermine figuratively to cut the ground out from under someone
rudeness, crudeness 3 severity, cruelty proverb Don't dig a pit to
dzgma f. eyelid trap another, you may fall into it yourself
dzgnda f. proverb to fall into one's own trap
dzeg na f. Eastern birth birthday tsbn m. soap
dzigv laj m. tsp aj to almost fall
dzegavl
1
transitive Eastern 1 tspr
dzigav
2
l denominative, transitive
2
tspa f. 1
1 dzig feminine singular of 1 ts m. plural licking
2 dzig masculine plural & oblique singular of 2 ts imperfect
279
tstskaj m. small drop, droplet droplet of ts rvj m. [plural: ts rv plural: tsrvij n]

water cattle, livestock How many head of cattle do you
drop of water
ts tskaj m. drop have? draught animals
drop by drop It drizzles. It's drizzling. manure (as fertilizer)
proverb From a drop (of water) a river forms. tsrviplna f. livestock breeding, cattle breeding, animal
tstskaj m. husbandry
ts tsi present of 1
tsr f. 1
tsdr m. 1 sheet, bed sheet 2 clock, mackintosh, raincoat; 2
tsr f. pit into which juice flows when sugar cane is
cape, mantle cloak 3 shroud, mantle 4 mask squeezed in a press
mask of hypocrisy, pretense, sham idiom 3 tsr imperfect of
proverb to cut one's coat according to the cloth 4 ts ra
tsras z m.
tsadar f. chador tsarasz f.
1 tsr m. 1 observation, scrutiny, close supervision 1 ts raj m. [plural: ts ri plural: ts rijan] 1
to bring under close scrutiny to put patrol, round 2 scout 3 detective, plainclothes policeman
someone under scrutiny 2 intelligence gathering, reconnaissance 2 tsr tsar's, czar's, royal
reconnaissance aircraft 3 shadowing a to 3 ts ri present tense of
observe, watch, put under surveillance b to find out, reconnoiter, ts m. ts a f. anatomy peritoneum
collect information, gather intelligence, observe, put under 1 ts aj m. medicine disease of the hair (in which the hair is
surveillance c to shadow, have someone shadowed d to wait for, cut off) to be cut, be cut off (of the hair)
lie in wait for idiom to look far ahead 2 tsj m. zoology Bengali bustard mountain
tsr m. history tsar, czar, emperor
2
bustard
tsr f. pit (for storage of grain and other agricultural products) tsgh m. blood-money (custom of the payment of a sum of
compound verb to bury in a pit compound verb money to guarantee withholding of vengeance for the death of a
to be buried in a pit clan member in a vendetta)
tsrnj adjective steppe, wilderness; wild (of animals, birds) ts shaj m.
tsrhka f. tsh computer science m. axis
tsr kavnkaj adjective sharp-sighted, vigilant, attentive, 1 tsht m. time from sunrise to noon; morning; breakfast
careful, intent
time idiom to be
tsrl transitive [past: ] 1 to observe, put a watch or
hard up, starve, go hungry
observation into effect 2 to collect information, gather
2
tsht m. charm written on paper (given to a sick child who
intelligence, carry out reconnaissance, reconnoiter 3 to shadow,
swallows it with water)
follow, pursue 4 to note, notice 5 to ascertain (e.g., the reason) 6
1 tsahtj m. breakfast; lunch
to be on the watch for, be in wait for, lie in wait for 7 to try to
2 tsaht adjective morning
find, investigate, find a way, find the means
ts hka f. pink starling
tsrntn m. military 1 veterinary practice 2 veterinary
ts ha f. spun yarn
administration
ts haj m. axle (of a wheel); spindle (of a spinning wheel)
tsarnd recording, registering, monitoring (of a device) tsk m. 1 2 medicine migraine
tsrndj tsrndj 1 m. .1 boy scout ts ka f. tskj f. 1 summit (of a mountain), peak 2
Afghan Boy Scouts 1.2 history Pioneer 2 corner of a chador
tsarna f. 1 surveillance, observation; supervision, scrutiny 2 tsgj m. small well
intelligence collection, reconnoitering 3 shadowing a
tsl k
to observe; put under surveillance b to collect intelligence c to
ts la f. watchman's shelter (in a melon field)
shadow, pursue
ts mra dialect
tsr m. 1 tsn m.
tsrv l m. guard, sentry, sentinel, patrol, watch 1 tsn m. plural 1 shaking out; shaking up 2 knocking
tsrvl f. military sentry, guard down, shaking down (fruits from a tree) 3 flapping (of wings) 4
tsrnkaj m. 1 observer 2 guard, sentry, sentinel brandishing (sabers)
280
2 tsn imperfect tense of 1 destitute a to be thrown into disorder, be disrupted,

tsng m. 1 bones (of the wing of a bird) 2 wing make unhappy b to be unlucky, be unfortunate, be indigent, be
a to flap wings b to strive for freedom, seek freedom 3 dialect destitute
1 1 tsaptspj m. 1 1
tsngghvts 1 with clipped wings 2 figurative helpless; 1 tsapr m. 1 agriculture drag harrow, threshing rake 2 flat
unfortunate summit, crown (of a mountain); flat cake, crumpet
tsngaj m. twig, sprig, shoot 2 tspar m. 1 cornice (of a roof) 2 hut
1 ts nga f. 1 branch, bough (of a tree) 2 branching off (of tsaparghvghaj
lop-eared
something), offshoot 3 branch (of industry) 4 branch (office), tsaprkaj m. 1 twig, sprig, shoot 2 heap, pile (e.g., of stones)
affiliated branch; department (of an establishment) 5 pike, spear, 3 shavings, cuttings, chip 4 chapter (of a book) 5 scale, flake,
lance 6 district, region scute; plate, lamella, squama; husk 6 scale (of a fish)
2
ts nga f. stab of pain; ache; dull pain to feel a tsapra f. prop, support
stab of pain; ache; hurt; be painful tsapraj m. 1 small piece, bit; scrap 2 pile (e.g., of stones) 3
ts ngi-v ngi 1.1 in off-shoots 1.2 in pieces 2.1 flat summit (of a mountain) idiom tsapri flakes of
flabby, flaccid; lazy 2.2 decrepit; weak; feeble snow
tsngz adjective 1 local, regional 2 partial 3 library tsap f. tsapa kha f. tsapa f. leg (of a camel,
science specialized, subject elephant); paw (e.g., of a tiger) a strike with the claws
tsj m. gleaner, after the grain harvest (of an animal) b figurative to approach, be near, be imminent
tsv m. 1 (e.g., of darkness); envelop, creep over
tsv r m. 1 false hair 2 decorating the hair, styling of hair (of 1
tsaparj f. 1 crossbar (on the handle of a spade, shovel) 2
young women) sports hockey stick
tsvtj m. 1 migraine 2 regional intermittent fever 2
tsapj f.
tsh m. [plural: tsh n f. plural: tshg ni] tsapha f. bedroom slippers, slippers (for indoor wear); worn-
artesian well idiom dimple on the chin down shoes, old shoes
tsbla 1 tsap 1, 2
tsabaj m. short chador tsapk m. 1 hunk of bread 2 tsapak (a unit of measurement
1 tsap m. winnowing tray, tray for winnowing and sorting grain equal to the width of four fingers pressed firmly together) 3 snow
to winnow grain with a winnowing tray flakes; snow-flake 4 small section of land
2 tsap m. 1 slapping (the leg of a camel) sound of a tsapka f.
camel's tread 2 tread, footfall, tramp tsapakj m. game of chance to play a game of
3 tsap m. kiss chance
tsap f. tsapl kha f.
tsapts f. small mound of earth along the outer walls of a tsapl k adjective 1 thick, dense 2 trampled (by feet)
peasant's house for insulation against the cold and used as a bench to trample (with feet) to be trampled (with feet)
in good weather tsaplkv laj m. 1 thickness, density 2 state of being
1 tsap raj m. 1 lump, snowball; cold of earth or clay 2 trampled, state of being overwhelmed
handful (of water, when drinking from a stream, etc.) tsaplk m. 1 tough, stiff (of leather, etc.) 2 m. .1 band, strip
tsap raj m. tread, footfall
2
(of old leather, etc.) 2.2 old shoe
tsap n 1 m. waterspout; typhoon; strong gale 2 adjective tsaplvr long-legged
stormy (of the sea, etc.) tsaplj f. 1 sandals woven from grasses, leather, etc. 2 prize
tsap nd adjective stormy (of the sea, etc.) for marksmanship or equestrian skills
tsp m. row, column tsapljgn m. reimbursement, fee (e.g., for delivery and
tsapaaj adjective unbalanced, unsettled; disorganized, driving of cattle, for a doctor's visit)
confused; embarrassed, perplexed tsapghvghaj m. earlobe
tsapaj m. tspaj f. unleavened flat bread tsapaj f. plow handle, plow shaft (used to direct the plow)
tsaptsap na tsaptsap naj tsaptsap aj 1 tsapkaj m. tsapaj m. 1 small face veil (usually
disordered, disturbed, unsettled; pained, grieved 2 unfortunate, ill- worn with the chador); veil 2 small turban
fated, ill-starred, luckless a to disturb, throw into 1
tsapl m. 1 luxuriant hair, flowing hair 2 thick hair
confusion, unsettle; pain, grieve b to make unhappy, leave
281
tsapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to winnow grain with

2
dissatisfied, be discontented, be displeased c figurative to dissent,
a winnowing tray 1 2 to agitate, shake 3 to put into disagree idiom to make somebody responsible for
disorder, disarrange something to be taken under somebody's wing
tsapoltsaj 1 with hair in disarray 2 to forget, put something out of one's mind
tsapolgraj
with disheveled beard, with tangled beard He cut me with a knife (i.e., wounded me with words or actions)
tsaplaj 1 disheveled, tangled, matted to dishevel, tsa l m. plural resin, gum; tar, pitch; asphalt
tousle to be disheveled, be mussed up 2 m. person tsuk m. tsk hammer
with disheveled hair tskraj adjective ruined, destroyed; homeless
tsapukaj m. tsapaj m. 1 kerchief (worn as tska f. calico, cotton print material
headgear) 2 small veil covering the upper half of the face (with tsukj m. hammer, mallet
slit or lace allowing vision) 3 strainer, filter tsal transitive [past: ] 1 to lick, lick all over 2 to
1
tsap f. 1 wave sea waves lap, lap up idiom to starve (out of stinginess,
radio waves electrical waves light waves miserliness)
to be covered with waves, be agitated (of a river, etc.); get tsalaj m. flatterer, toady, brown-noser, suck-up
smashed, smash (of the shore by waves) 2 oar 3 gust (of wind) 4 tsmkh m. lining (i.e., of a garment), backing, padding
attack of a raptor on its prey 5 medicine bout, attack (e.g., of tsmkhaj adjective plain, homely, uncomely
fever); intensification, sudden worsening (of an illness) 6 fit, ts marj f. anatomy cervical vertebra
attack, seizure; faint, syncope a to be covered with tsmerj f. anatomy occipital fossula
waves, be hit, be splashed (of a shore by waves) b to row (with tsav 1 m. apoplexy, stroke, sudden death 2 adverb
oars) c to blow (of a gust of wind) d to swoop down on prey e suddenly 3.1 loving at first sight 3.2 untimely dying; suddenly
to become acute (of an illness) f to have an attack (of an illness) g dying; dying young a to fall in love
to faint, swoon with someone at first sight b to die untimely, die an untimely
2 tsap 4 death; die young ! Drop dead!
tsaph r m. 1 2 1 2 lapping (of waves) 3 sound of tsavl causative verb [past: ] 1 to cause to lick,
winnowing grain cause someone to lick something clean 2 to compel to lap (up
tsapj ka f. 1 beehive, honeycomb 2 kind of fuel made of something)
pressed and dried manure in the shape of a brick 3 flat, having a tsanaj 1 m. blotting paper 2.1 sucking out, drying 2.2
flat form; flat object licking off, licking away
tsapedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be covered with 1
tsa f. full bag, filled sack; full saddlebag, full pack (of a
waves, be choppy, be rough (of a river, etc.); knock against, hit pack animal)
against, batter; lap, wash, splash against (of waves on a shore) 2 2
tsta f. 1 base (of a tree trunk) 2 geometry side, bound, foot
to steam, emit steam; hover, soar 3 to be sorted (of grain at of a perpendicular 3 figurative stout woman, fat lady 4
winnowing when impurities and chaff are removed by air currents) figurative thickset man, robust fellow
tsapa f. box on the ear, slap in the face
1
1 tsaj f. back edge, blunt edge (of a saber, etc.)
to give someone a box on the ear, give somebody a slap in 2 tsj f. bouquet of flowers
the face proverb from a single slap in 1 tscha cry to drive goats
the face many cheeks are stinging to consider a 2 tschi vice
slap in the face, insulting tsidzl f.
2 tsape f. plateau, tableland, high ground; height, elevation tsats m. field thistle, common thistle
ts m. [plural: tsna plural: ts n] 1 back of the tsts f.
head, occiput a to comb the back of the head b 1 tsatsbekj m. 1 2 medicine angina
figurative to be puzzled, be perplexed; be confused; be 2 tsatsbkaj tsatspkaj bright, smart; quick,
embarrassed; be lost, get lost, disappear to prompt, adroit
give someone a slap 2 summit (of a mountain) 3 reverse of tsatsnd tsatsnda flowing, running, having a leak
something, back of something; rear side, back; rear tsatsb m. dropping, dripping, trickling; seepage, leakage
to turn someone back, cause to go in the opposite direction tsatsbkaj m. drop of rain
to go back; depart a to go out, step back, retreat 1 tsatsbaj m. 1 dripping, trickling; This
b to disappear to turn over, turn upside down; turn room leaks. 2 cornice (of a roof)
inside out a to turn away, turn aside b figurative to be
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2
tsatsobj m. 1 spring, source, wellhead from which waters 1
tskhedl intransitive 1
flows drop by drop 2 dropping, dripping (water); soaking through, 2
tskhedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be stuffed into, be
leakage, trickle, drip squeezed into, be crammed into 2 to be pressed in, be pressed into
tsatsr m. plural leftovers (food) 3 to be compressed 4 to be stuck, be thrust, be stabbed into (e.g.,
tsetsavl transitive [past: ] to drip, pour out drop by a pin, knife)
drop drop, drip, trickle; pour drop by drop; soak tskhed m. plural 1 sticking into, squeezing into 2 pressing
through, permeate, impregnate idiom to reproach in, pressing into 3 compressing
concerning a good deed that has been performed 1
tser m. 1.1 peep, chirp, squeak 1.2 sound of a cloth or frabic
tsatsn m. tearing 1.3 driving on snow, sliding on snow 2 figurative
tsatsj f. groove, gutter, through, channel; drain pipe, frightened, scared, startled to be afraid of, fear, dread
catchment pipe idiom to jump, leap
tsatsedl intransitive [present: past: ]to drip, be 2 tsar m.
poured drop by drop; soak through, permeate, infiltrate tsar f.
tsatsed m. plural dropping, dripping, trickling, soaking tsr gh m. tsir gh electric bulb
through, permeation, leakage small flashlight
tskh m. death rattle of slaughtered cattle tsrghd n m. candlestick
tskhk m. miscarriage; stillborn baby tsarg h m. dialect pasture
tsakhtskhki m. plural fine drops (of rain) tsar v m.
1 tskha f. anger, ire, wrath tsarb tsurb
2 tskha f. regional robbery, pillage, plundering tsarbht m. plenitude, completeness; fatness, obesity;
tsakhk m. corpulence, stoutness
tskhki f. mutton tsarbavl denominative, transitive [past: past:
tskhl transitive 1, 2, 4, 5 ] to fatten
tskho a little, some, somewhat, slightly, rather a tsarb feminine singular of and
little, a little at a time; not much sit down for a tsarbedl denominative, intransitive [past: past:
little while with me ] to put on weight, gain weight, grow fat, put on flesh
tskhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to stuff, pack, fill tsrap m. flapping (its) wings to flap wings
with; shove in, push in, put into, shove into, slip into, squeeze into, tsaravl transitive [past: ] to flap wings
cram in 2 to press in 3 to drag (e.g., the hem of one's robe), pull, tsrapedl intransitive [past: ]to quiver (of wings)
haul 4 to break, split, crack (e.g., nuts); stick, plunge, pierce 5 to
peck, pick (e.g., one's nose) tsardz j m.
1
tskha tskha postposition in combination with the 1 tsarkh 1 m. .1 wheel 1.2 propeller (i.e., of an aircraft) 1.3
prepositions or 1 from, whence, out of (indicates the grinding wheel, grindstone 1.4 rotation, revolution; turning
direction of an action from somewhere or from which something a to start (e.g., an engine) b to begin, initiate (an
comes) from the city from the mountains 2 operation, an action) 1.5 approach (from the side, in passing) 1.6
from, out of, of (indicates the source of a receipt of something or puncture, puncture wound 1.7 figurative luck, good fortune 1.8
the origin or provenance of something) ask sky, heaven 2 pierced, penetrated; stabbed to prick,
your friend Take the book from your sting, stab, run through, transfix to be stabbed, be
brother. 3 at, with, by, of (indicates the state of belonging) pierced idiom turbine to
Do you have a watch? Do hasten the development of industry
you have my book? 4 by, near, close to, besides, around 2 tsarkh m.
near the wall, close to the wall, by the wall 5 in the 3 tsarkh m. Tsarkh (settlement, Logar Province)
Eastern dialect the preposition is often omitted: near the tsarkhka f. regional
city, around the city tsarkhlargj m. tsarkhalgj m.
2
tskh colloquial abbreviation How would I tarkhnd 1 m. .1 scratch, abrasion to be
know? I don't know whether Ahmed scratched, get a scratch 1.2 catching on, brushing against 2
arrived or not. revolving, rotating
3
tskh past tense of tsarkhndkaj m.
4
tskha tsarkhnj m. tsarkhobaj m. whirlpool, eddy, vortex
283
tsarkhukj m. textiles spool, bobbin; reel, reeling frame, ... ... It is clear that It is
swift, coiler obvious that
tsarkhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to rotate, turn 2 to tsargandtb m. tsargandna f.
start, trigger, actuate 3 to surround, enclose, tsargandv laj m. obviousness, lucidity, clarity; certainty,
encircle 4 to turn, swing (the line of a front) definiteness
1
tsarkh f. 1 wheel 2 spinning wheel tsargandlames f. computer science carbon copy
to spin on a spinning wheel idiom turbine tsargandavl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
2 ts rkha feminine singular of 1 2 1 to make evident, make clear, make obvious; bring to light, make
1 tsarkhj m. 1 spool, bobbin, reel 2 spinning wheel know; elucidate, clear up, explain 2 to express, manifest, reveal,
a to start a spinning wheel, begin spinning b to start a give evidence of 3 to set forth (reasons, a position, etc.)
quarrel a to stop a spinning wheel, quit spinning b
tsargandavna f. 1 revelation, expos; elucidation,
figurative to cease a quarrel a to spin on a spinning
clarification, clearing up 2 expression, term, manifestation,
wheel b figurative to drag out a quarrel
display 3 account, statement, presentation (of a reason, position,
2
tsarkhj m. etc.) 4 advertisement, announcement (e.g., in a newspaper)
3
tsarkh wheeled, equipped with wheels idiom tsargandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
Eastern Maxim machine gun
to become clear, become obvious, become evident; be made
4 tsarkh present tense of manifest; be explained; be exhibited, be displayed ...
5 tsrkhi feminine plural of 1 2 It was explained that 2 to be expressed, be displayed 3 to
tsarkhedl intransitive [present: present: ] be set forth (e.g., reasons, a position)
[past: ]1 to revolve, rotate, turn, turn around, whirl, spin,
tsrga f. brown owl, Athene poctua
go round The earth rotates around the sun. 2
tsarl intransitive 1
to start up, be started (i.e., of a motor) 3 to be surrounded 4 to be
tsarmhkj f.
turned (to the left, right, etc., of a front tine) 5 to concern
tsarmn f. [plural: tsarmni] pelt; skin (animal, human)
something, apply to something, relate to something
hide, pelt (uncured) skin
tsarhnd m. leather goods leather factory idiom
tsha f. 1 massage 2 trace, track, sign, footprint literally I'll sell your skin! figurative I'll skin
1 tsrk m. 1 search; reconnaissance, reconnoitering; finding you alive! He gave him a thrashing.
out to make inquiries about, find out about
He lost shame and conscience.
someone to come upon a track, find a trace
I am penniless. I don't have a cent to my name.
I came upon his footprints. tsarnvl m. tanner, leather dresser, worker in the tanning
a to find out surreptitiously, reconnoiter
industry
He found out where Ahmed lives. b to look for, search, 1 tsarmnj adjective leather
find, track; find tracks, find traces of something; track, shadow
2 tsarmni feminine plural of
I searched out and found my book. 2 tsrma 1 f. edge, brim a from the
criminal investigation department 3 advanced guard
beginning and to the end b quite, entirely, totally to
advanced guard units
annihilate, exterminate 2 adjective near, close, located alongside
2 tsrk m. rising the sun is rising
of 3 adverb near, close to, not far, not distant a to
tsrk f. 1 radiance; aureole, aureola; luster, brilliance,
push up to something, move up to someone b to draw, attract
brilliancy 2 dropping, dripping, trickle
a to move closer, draw nearer to something, move up to
tsrkb m. [plural: tskb n] 1 detective, plainclothes
someone b to come into contact with, run across, meet up with
policeman 2 scout 3 dialect watchman, guard
tsarm adjective leather leather overcoat
tsrkavl transitive [past: ] to make sparkle, make
tsarnda passing (a ball)
glitter; make brilliant, make lustrous; polish; give a gloss, give a
tsrangv laj m.
luster to
tsrnga a as soon as b so far as, as far as
tsrkedl intransitive [past: ]to sparkle, glitter;
... to the extent that , then
shine, beam
tsrangav laj m. 1 shape, form 2 way, mode, aspect
tsagnd tsgnd evident, obvious, clear, distinct, apparent,
tsarvka f.
manifest; definite to not give a definite answer
284
tsaravl transitive [past: ] to pasture (sheep), tsaalre f. regional

shepherd; graze cattle, pasture cattle, tend grazing cattle tsaan za f.
tsirukaj tsaav m.
1 tsarvj m. 1 scarecrow 2 target, shooting mark 3 limit, tsaavaj m. traveler with little or no luggage, traveler able
bound to travel along a footpath
tsarav present of
2
1
tsaj m. servant
1 tsar f. 2
tsaj f. 1 crown (of the head) 2 forelock, bangs (of hair) 3
2 tsira f. tsra saw kind of scythe summit (of a mountain) 4 hoop-like frame of a large tent
3 tsra f. fertilization, manuring manure (as fertilizer) tsaedl intransitive
to fertilize the soil, manure the soil tsaednkaj 1 present participle of 2
4 tsra interjection all is in order, everything is OK, everything is ruminant (animal)
going well tsik m. tska f. 1 sharp pain, acute pain; colic pains
1
tsarj m. 1 load carried balanced on the head 2 netting in a to be ill with, be down with, ache
which straw is transported My feet hurt. b to throb 2 medicine shock, stroke 3
2
tsraj m. tsrj f. yellow rose splashes (e.g., of mud, raindrops) idiom inferior breed,
3
tsraj m. 1 running (e.g., of ink) 2 spreading, spread (of a base lineage
disease); infection, contagion tsaj-vaj m.
4 tsrj f. predator thrush, robber thrush tsghaj
m. dialect
5 tsarj f. wooden abutment (support for main beam) tssi
6 tsar plural of 1 tsshkla
7 tsiri tsri plural of 2 tsshi children's speech what, what's this
8 tsri plural of 3 tshk m. drinking; drink, beverage
1 tsaredl intransitive [past: ]1 to graze, pasture; tshtn m. 1 master, boss, owner, proprietor; possessor,
browse 2 to feed (of poultry) holder 2 husband; man to marry (of a woman) idiom
tsredl intranstitive [past: ] to defecate, evacuate
2
to reach perfection person with a
the bowels strong will, resolute person
tsrka f. tsirka tshtantb m. tshtantj f.
tsa m. Western pasturage to graze, pasture to tshanb laj m. position or obligation of a boss, owner, etc.
drive (cattle) out to pasture tshtna f. mistress, proprietress; owner, holder
tsa f. tsa v m. tsadz j m. pasturage, common tshtavl transitive dialect
pasture tshta f. cooking, meal preparation
tsak 1 m. dripping, falling in drops constant tshtedl intransitive dialect
dripping 2 interjection sound of dripping water tstsraj m.
tska f. 1 agitation, nervousness, concern, uneasiness, alarm tskla 1 how, in what way 2 so far as, so long as, since
2 emotional pain, distress 3 noise, hubbub, disorder tsahk m.
tsakh r m. 1 tsahkuaj m. skin; pelt (of an animal)
tsal intransitive 1 tshl transitive dialect
tsamnaj m. tsamnaj m. spring (the season) tshandj m. smooth sloping rock (which children roll)
tsanj f. tshavl transitive [past: ] to drag along, pull, draw
tsaavl transitive
tsa 1.1 secluded, solitary; lonely, retired 1.2 single, tshaj m. calf
unmarried 1.3 traveling without luggage, traveling unburdened 2 tshedl intransitive [past: ]1 to crawl, creep along
m. [plural: tsaag n] pedestrian 2 to drag oneself, crawl along; be dragged; stretch oneself; to drag
tsa p a f. lettuce on, last a long time 1
tsaatb m. 1 solitude, seclusion 2 loneliness 3 unmarried tshed m. plural 1 creeping, crawling to move
life, single life by crawling, propel oneself forward by crawling; creep up to, creep
tsakhshma f. saw (the tool) under 2 dragging, pulling, hauling; drawing wire
tsaag f. 1
tsak m. tsk medicine sharp pain, acute pain; lumbago
tsaal r f. [plural: tsaal ri] 1 path 2 sidewalk 2
tsak m.
285
3
tsak 1 upright 2 straight, straightforward He 2 tsakna plural of 1
stood (there) as if rooted (in the ground). 3 adjective alert 1 tska f. 1 test, trial, testing, assaying to try, test,
a to stand erect b to straighten c to prick up the ears, be alert sample; metallurgy to assay 2 to take a sip (of)
The horse pricked up his ears. I haven't had a bite to eat since yesterday.
! Listen! Lend me an ear! a to stick out, stand out, 2 tsk m. plural 1 drinking; drink, beverage 2 drink of
jet out b to straighten one's back, draw oneself up c to prick up (something)
one's ears The man pricked up his 3 tska f. cliff, precipice; abyss, chasm
ears as though he had heard something. 4 tska
tsk f. tskk m. 5 tska feminine singular of 3
tsk lkaj m. bat (the animal) 1 tsukj m. bag, pouch (carried over the shoulder), knapsack,
bat shoulder-pack
tsak laj m. 1 [plural: tsaklij n] bat (the animal) 2 2
tskaj m. 1 basket for commodities (hanging from a ceiling)
[plural: tsak li] piece of old leather or fur 3 [plural: 2 clothes-line, rope (for drying laundry)
tsak li] the crust of flat-bread adhering to the sides of a tanur (i.e., 3 tskaj m. kernel (nut of almond, etc.)
traditional Afghan oven) 4 tske cry used to drive goats, calves
tsakpj m. turnip tops 5 tski plural of 3
tsaksh m. tsakh m. 6 tski present tense of
1 tsakl m. history special land holdings granted to special 1 tskedl intransitive [past: ]1 to crawl
individual peasants early in the nineteenth century a to crawl on the belly; do the leopard-crawl figurative b to
2
tskl m. 1 short distance, sgement of a road 2 section of crawl before, cringe (before); lick the boots (of) 2 to drag, trail 3
land to pull closer
tskl transitive [past: ] 1 to drink, take (water,
3
2 tsakedl denominative, intransitive 3
medicine) 2 to smoke to smoke a hookah tskel transitive [past: ] to catch in a net or trap
4
tsakl tsekl transitive [past: ] to try, taste, take a tskindn m.
sip of tsgak m. spinning wheel, distaff (manual)
tsakal-pakl m. beginning of the snow thaw (at the end of tsagl m. history otrub, holdings (land granted by a land-
winter) owner to certain peasants for use in addition to their normal
tsklkaj m. acreage)
tskindn m. 1 trial, test, taste, tasting to test, try, 1 tsgaj m. dialect
taste 2 taste; aroma, fragrance 2 tsge 4
tsakv laj m. straightness tsaltsl lost, fallen, perished, killed
tskoj m. tsalarm ordinal Western fourth
1 tsakvl m. 1 tslga f. jet, spurt, stream, (of water)
2 tskavl causative [past: ] 1 to give to drink, tsilindr m. cylinder
water (cattle), make to drink 2 to smoke tsalr numeral four four thousand four
tskavl transitive [past: ] 1 to drag, lug, take
3
hundred the four sisters (the name of four months of
things somewhere, carry; pull the lunar year; i.e., )
to crawl, creep; move from one place to cardinal points of compass, four directions (North,
another by crawling 2 to unsheathe, bare (a saber, etc.) 3 to South, East, West) idiom He is a fool.
attract to fight, clash tsalorarab four-wheeled carriage; barouche
4 tsakavl denominative, transitive 3 tsalorxaj quadrilateral, four-sided; tetrahedral
1 tsakli m. plural dialect 2 3 tsalorbrgha adjective folded up in fours; stacked in fours
2 tskavlaj past participle of 1, 2 to stack, pile, pile up in fours (letter, note, memo,
tskund a f. pinch, nip, tweak report, etc.)
tskunl tskonl transitive [past: ] to pinch, tsalorbl 1 walking on all fours 2
nip, tweak tsalorblaj adjective four-legged, quadruped
tskunj f. tsalorbli four-legged animals, quadruped animals
1 tskavna f. physics 1 wire-drawing 2 bent (for), tsalorbli on all fours
inclination (for), attraction (to) attraction, gravitation, gravity
286
tsalrphaj tsalorpkhdzaj tsalervisht numeral twenty-four

tsalorpkhz tsalervishtm ordinal twenty-fourth
tsalortsnaj m. tetragon, quadrangle, square tslekh m. tslekht m. 1 glue 2 sticky substance
tsalorkhniz adjective squared, checkered, graph (paper, tslekhn k sticky, gluey, adhesive
cloth) tsam 1 dialect 1
tsalorsitj m. plural Sunni Muslims tsmts f.
tsalorgh he female camel in her sixth year tsamtsarkaj m.
tsalorghhj bull or ox in the sixth year tsamtskj m. tadpole
tsalorvaj adjective quadrangular, square tsamtslkaj m. dragonfly
tsalorl ra f. [plural: tsalorl ri] usually plural 1 tsamtsa f.
crossroad, crossing 2 tsamtsa f. stockade or shelter dug below the surface (for
tslorm tsalorm Eastern sheep)
tsalormshna four-motored, four-engine tsamtsamangr m. cobra (snake)
four-engine aircraft tsamtsj f. 1 spoon 2 ladle, soup ladle idiom
tsalorvrzaj m. youth whose mustache is just sprouting a person who sticks his nose in everywhere; interfering in
tsalordz quadrangular everything
tsalordza f. tsalorza rubayat, quatrain (poetry, tsamghlaj m. 1 smallish old tent 2 scarecrow
prosody) tsamghli-tsamghli adjective dry, dried up, parched
tsalvkht numeral forty (of soil) to dry up, grow parched
tsalvekht kalan adjective (of) forty years, forty year 1 tsamkan m. plural Tsamkani (a tribe) 2 tsamkanj
tsalvekhtm ordinal fortieth Tsamkani (tribesman)
tsalvekhtma f. forty days after a death (day on which a tsamlstl intransitive Eastern [present: past:
religious memorial service is held) ]to lie down for a bit, have a nap I'll
1
tsalvekht m. elected member of a clan or tribe chosen to lie down, I want to sleep.
maintain order or propriety during a trip or overnight stay tsamlst m. plural lying down in bed
2
tsalvekht 1 f. .1 forty days after birth 1.2 fortieth day There was no place to lie down and sleep.
after death 1.3 colloquial the sum of 40 afghanis, 40 rupees, etc. tsamlavl transitive [past: ] 1 to lie down in bed,
2 forty (referring to afghanis, rupees, etc.) lie down and go to sleep 2 to throw down; to roll on the ground
tsalvekhtjak f. 1/40th part (in a tax payment) (in a fight)
1 tsil f. 1 forty coldest days of the year 2 forty hottest days of tsamledl intransitive
the year 3 forty day fast and religious rite (among dervishes) tsmangj m. 1 processed pelt, skin, leather 2 piece of
2 tsal f. 1 wish, inclination, desire 2 dream, day-dream leather in which bread is packed prior to baking it
3 tsl f. confidence (in), certitude (in) tsamutsj adjective bald, bald-headed
4 tsla interrogative what for, why, for what purpose tsaml 1 melancholy, sad 2 injured, wounded
tsilamst bearing or enduring the cold well tsamolavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
tsilav l m. religion experiencing a forty day trial, going pain, grieve 2 to injure, wound
through a forty day initiation or passage (similar to a Christian tsamoledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
monastic novitiate for those seeking to be Muslim clerics or be pained, be grieved 2 to be injured, be wounded
clergy) tsamj r m. shoemaker
1
tslaj m. 1 column; pillar 2 pyramid; obelisk; stone cairn tsamjr f. shoemaker's trade
erected over a grave; monument, memorial 3 stone cairn or pile tsin r m. [plural: tsinr n] poplar (the tree)
used as a target for archery practice 4 end-mark, boundary mark; 1 tsan m. shaking, jolting; shaking up oscillatory, vibratory
road milestone frontier marker 5 tower or hut motions to shake, oscillate, vibrate
constructed as a watch or guard structure for crops 6 finger, ring 2 tsn m. obsolete horizon
7 article (of a law); codex the Afghan or Pashto code 1 tsnl tsanl [past: ] 1 to shake, shake out;
of honor; traditional Pashto or Afghan law 8 custom, usage shake up to beat dust out of a (reversible) rug to
2 tslj botany catkin, amentum rouse oneself (of a bird), shake its wings 2 to beat (fruit from a
tslaj-tslaj m. 1 ascent and descent 2 provisions (for the tree) 3 to flap (its wings) 4 to brandish (a saber, etc.) 5 to sweap
road) aside, reject (criticism)
287
2 tsanl m. bare ground on a mountain top so Why is this so? Why did this happen? idiom
tsnavl [past: ] to oscillate, vibrate, sway, swing, just as , exactly as , exactly!
rock, shake 3 tsnga
tsanvahl transitive [past: ] to knock out (a tsngav laj m. 1 quality 2 state, status, condition; state
wedge); break open or down (a door), smash (a window), drive of affairs
out, dislodge (an enemy); beat out (dust); shake out, fall (by 1
tsangj m. tether with a ring (in the nose, for cattle)
shaking) 2
tsangj f. stone arch of a kahriz (or near horizontal
tsna f. 1 edge The book is lying on the underground water-collecting gallery)
edge of the table. edge of a forest along tsangz side, lateral
something 2 skirt flap, lower edge of clothing 3 shore, bank, tsanl transitive [past: ] to shake, shake out, cause to
coast 4 side (of a road), curb 5 military boundary, border, flank, fall by shaking, shake up
wing 6 math edge, side 7 section, sphere, realm 8 territory, tsanr m. May (the month)
country 9 outskirts tsnj f. 3
tsnedl intransitive [past: ]to oscillate, vibrate, tska f. tsuka 1 lock, curl, ringlet 2 cork, plug, spigot 3
vacillate, sway, swing; vibrate; shake filiform (threadlike) stigmata of maize or corn
tsang m. 1 side, near, next to, by, beside, around, about tsuakj f. 1 peys (the long uncut side-looks or side-burns of
a next to, near, around orthodox Jews worn traditionally in accordance with biblical and
something Eastern sit next to me b along talmudic rules) 2 topknot, tuft of hair
along the road next to, tsa f. [plural: tsi] 1 locks, curls, ringlets 2 filiform
close to to walk alongside 2 side (of a ship) 3 (hairlike) stigmata on the racemes of maize or corn 3 proper
slope (of a mountain) 4 side (e.g., left, right, wrong, right) name Tsuna
from both sides to rest tsjkok m.
on or lean on one's elbows, lean on, lean against 1 tsav m. 1
a to turn away from someone b figurative to avoid, shun 2 tso 1 pronoun .1 interrogative how much, how many
someone c to fear, be apprehensive of someone to How many sons do you have? How many
remove, put to one side, put out of the way to people came? What time is it? How
go around something idiom to disregard, give old are you? 1.2 indefinite pronoun some, several
no ear (to) for some time Eastern
tsngra dialect sometimes ago 2 indefinite numeral several, some quantity, often,
tsangrj f. armful (of hay, straw, etc.) more than once several times I
tsangzn 1 slanting, oblique, crooked, curved, away 2 spoke to him several times. idiom
overturned a to heel, list, careen b to turn over, differently, in different ways many-storied,
overturn idiom moon on the wane multistory a as long, as long as, til what time, for
tsangl f. tsngl tsangla f. tsngla [plural: how long b in order to, in order that I
tsangli tsngli] elbow to lean with one's speak thus so that you would understand.
elbows (on something) a until, as long as b in order
tsanglaj m. tsanglj f. first or last pole of a tent that What time exactly? How long?
tsangv haj m. 2 tsv r m. patience, endurance, staunchness; inflexibility
tsangvgdaj m. 1 carrying sling, carrying strap, rifle tsv rlas numeral regional fourteen
sling 2 cushion, pillow (for sitting) tsoxz 1 complicated (of a question) 2 many sided, having
1
tsang tsng 1 scattered, spread (about), flung (about), multiple aspects
sown, disseminated, disbursed 2 sparse (of sowing, seeding, tsvab m. 1 passion, passionate love, strong desire 2 aspiration
planting, forest, trees) (for), striving (for); yearning a to thirst (after), crave,
tsnga interrogative pronoun 1 what, what kind of
2
strongly desire; to aspire (to), strive (for), aspire (to) b to long
What sort of person is he? 2.1 how (for)
Would it be good if tsob aj m. flat paddle-like instrument for beating laundry
You should do as I told you. 2.2 what for, why and stirring in the washing process
Young man, why did you come here? 2.3 how 3 why is this tsup 1
tsopr f. yarn which has become entangled
288
tso m. 1 sally, sorte, attack, raid 2 damages, injury tsorangedl intransitive [past: ] to be motley,
2
a to organize a sally, sorte, attack or onslaught; accomplish a raid be vari-colored, be partly-colored; become brightly colored
b to inflict injury, do harm 1
tsurj m. sharp stone used as knife
tsuk m. hammer 2
tsvraj tsvraj m. tsv rj f. 1 provisions, victuals,
tsuajsr b esteemed individual provender (for the road) 2 reserve of foodstuffs or rations
tsochnda several times to become more to gather, collect provender en route to
powerful, build up strength get ready, pick someone up en route
tsudzj m. gonorrhea I had already picked up provisions en route.
tsuts m. 1 dolphin 2 greedy, avid, covetous person 1 tsav m. 1 staff or rod tied or fastened between a bull's legs
tsutsln greedy, covetous, avid to prevent him from getting separated from the herd 2 horse-cloth
tsutsink m. 1 cricket 2 name of a bird 3 membranous flesh (around the navel of a domestic animal,
tsorb tsvarb tsarb f. tsvrba m. [plural: cattle)
tsrb f. plural: tsarb plural: tsvrbi] heavy, 2
tsu m.
plump, fat, obese 3
tsu 1 let down, lowered, hauled down 2 bent, curved,
tsorbtb tsvarbtb m. tsorbtj tsvarbtj m. crooked 3 bent, curved back (of cattle) 4 disfigured, mutilated 5
tsorbv laj tsvarbv laj m. stoutness, corpulence, emaciated, underfed (of a child) 6 stale (of food) idiom
plumpness, fatness; obesity with shame, disgrace, infamy, shamed, disgraced
tsorbavl denominative, intransitive He emerged shamed. He emerged embarrassed
tsrka f. side tsughvg ashamed, embarrassed
tsurg f. 1 steppe 2 side 3 foreign country, distant land tsomnaj m. spring (the season)
tsvrlas numeral fourteen tsovng m. portion (at the time when a butchered animal
tsvarlasm ordinal fourteenth idiom half carcass is being cut up)
moon (i.e., moon of the 14th day) tsonga f. agriculture seedling, sapling, young plant
tsorl f. wild pig, wild boar tsuv laj m. 1 omission, lapse 2 curvature, flexion, bend,
1 tsurlj m. borer, drill, perforator; gimlet crookedness 3 disfigurement, deformity, malformation 4
2 tsvarl m. regional rider, horseman emaciated state, emaciation (of an infant, small child) 5 stale
3 tsvarlj f. regional riding (horses) state, spoiled condition (of food)
tsrledzj m. axis; axel tsuavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to lower,
1 tsavrng 1 trampled, stamped on, crushed 2 slaughtered, reduce, sink, decline 2 to bend, fold, twist, distort 3 to disfigure,
massacred; blood-stained, bloody deform, mutilate, maim 4 to starve, exhaust (a child)
2
tsorng molley, variegated, many colored, parti colored, of 1 tsuaj m. tsoaj bull with horns bent back
different colors 2 tsoj cow with horns bent or curved back
3 tsurng m. regional 1 2 tsuedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to get
1 tsavrangtb m. 1 down, go down, descend; go down, be reduced; sink; hang down;
2 tsorangtb m. 2 settle; lie down; go down 2 to be bent; to twist, sag; bend, bow,
1 tsavrangtj f. 1 stoop; become bent; become crooked 3 to be disfigured, be
2 tsorangtj f. 2 mutilated, be maimed 4 to be underfed, be emaciated (of a small
1 tsavrangv laj m. state of being blood-stained, blood- child, infant)
stained condition tson m. piece of leather or old wineskin spread on a (flat)
2
tsorangv laj m. 1 diversity of colors 2 figurative of stone when washing laundry by means of a valka or wooden
mixed character, motley character, motley nature paddle bat
tsavrangvl denominative, intransitive [past:
1
tsvaz m. essence; product of distillation
]1 to stamp vigorously, tramp, tramp down, tramp under foot 2 1 tszaj m. bedding made of matting; litter for domestic
to beat, thrash to beat until bloody animals
2 tsorangavl denominative, intransitive [past: 2 tszaj m. chicken, chick, pullet
]to make variegated, make multi-colored, cover with paint (of tsus m. a to roam, rove, scour about (of a dog in
varied colors) search of food) b figurative to obtain wealth, pursue a career (in
1
tsavrangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] search of monetary success, reknown, etc.)
1 to be trampled (down) 2 to be beaten, be thrashed
289
tsusn roaming, roving, scouring, sniffing around (of a dog in tsaukj tsokj 1 guard, watch, patrol
3
search of food) guarded by ships, convoyed by ships to set up a sentry

tsusedl intransitive [past: ]to roam, rove, scour, post, establish a sentry post, post a guard to guard,
sniff around (of a dog in search of food) protect, watch 2 deputy's credentials 3 regional customs post 4
tsvahtj m. textiles 1 shuttle (in carpet weaving) 2 corner stool arm-chair, easy chair 5 position, stand
(of the mouth) 3 spout (of a jug) to occupy a position 6 post, job, position
tsuhkraj m. tshka f. [plural: tshki] government job, post vacancy
spout (of a tea pot, etc.) 4
tsokj f. 1 small round loaf of bread 2 vow to make a
tsuhj m. spout (of a tea pot, etc.)
1
pilgrimage to make a vow to complete a pilgrimage
2 tsuhj f. spout (of a tea pot, etc.) tsokj dzhoavnkaj m. joiner, cabinet-maker
1 tsuk m. dialect tsokid r m. tsavkid r watchman, guard, sentry, sentinel
2 tsok 1 pronoun .1 interrogative and relative, direct sense tsokidr f. 1 guarding, protection, patrolling
form (oblique )pronoun 1.1a who (used as the subject of an coast-guard, patrolling the coast 2 Eastern tax on a
action in intransitive verbs in all tenses, and in transitive verbs in home
the present and future tenses)
Who has arrived? tsavgl m. bran
Who is the master of this house? tsavgr m. hunter lying in wait for game
So nobody really knew this tsvl 1.1 blown to pieces in shreds, rags, ragged 1.2
Some people say 1.1b whom (used as the object of an action in moth-eater 2 m. little piece, scrap; rag, shred
intransitive verbs in the present and future tenses and in the tsolgj f. chisel, gouge
grammatical construction) Whom do you see? tsvlnd greedy, stingy, niggardly
Whom did he beat? 1.2 indefinite pronoun anyone, tsol f. shirt made of coarse and thick lining cloth or material
anybody; someone, somebody Is anybody tsvalj m. tsolj 1
home? 2 attributive some, a kind of, a certain a tsmra tsmra 1.1 how much (by quality, amount, weight)
certain guest dialect somebody or How much wheat in this bag?
other, someone, somebody 3 m. .1 man, person this How far to the village?
person that, the one who three others How much time did you spend there? 1.2 as far as, so far as, how
oh, that person who ; oh, the one who (in address) In so far as I know !
3.2 important person, big-wig How good it would be! How pleasant(ly) the
tsukbz f. regional boxing breeze is blowing 2 the , the (e.g., the
tsukrj m. more the merrier; the hotter, the better)
tsukrejl transitive [past: ] to cut (meat), The farther these mountains extend to the
prepare (sausage meat) north, the higher their peaks are.
tsuk m. 1 man with a thick beard 2 literature Kyosa (a tsomrav laj m. quantity, amount, number
personage occuring in folk literature) tsmbra tsmbra
tsukl transitive tsonj armless (missing one arm)
tsokalln How old are you? How tsontsj
old is Zeynab? tsvnd disquieted, uncalm, troubled
tsavkan m. plural 1 2 Chamkani (Pakistani town tsndi dialect
near the Afghan border) tsna f. fringe; border, edging
tska f. 1 top, apex; crown (of a tree, of the human head) 2 tsungraj m. small loaf of unleavened bread (given to
sharp peak (of a mountain), pinnacle 3 sharp tip; point, spike (of a children while warm in the presence of the children's illness )
knife, spearhead, etc.) to become shapened, become tsna tsna
pointed 4 advance, forward patrol (mounted or foot) idiom tsna-ts ra 1 and so that's it 2.1 f. avoiding, evading 2.2
to stand on tiptoe squabble, hassle a to avoid, evade b quarrel,
tskavr pointed wrangle, squabble (with)
1 tsukj 1 wicker rack (for transporting plates, dishes, tsonav laj m. quantity, amount, number
crockery) 2 bag, pouch 1 tsni tsne dialect
2
tsokj m. tsavkj 2 tsunj m. waste products of cane sugar manufacture
3 tsunj f. figured cotton cloth (for clothing, etc.)
290
tsni-mni regional 1 brilliant, glittering 2 polished, really (in emotional speech it is placed at the end of a phrase)
burnished Are you really blind? idiom What business is
tsuka f. it of yours? What has this got to do with you? when, at
tsuavl transitive that time, since for a large sum of money a
tsa f. little, just a bit partly , (and) partly ; not only
tsuevr 1.1 with a forelock 1.2 with ringlets, with , but also some arrived, but
curls 2 m. brother-in-law some did not you say one thing and I (say)
1
tsvavl transitive [past: ] to cause pain another proverb it's twenty or twenty and a
2
tsavavl transitive [past: ] to design, devise or half (e.g., a small difference is of little import) a to
project something happen, come to pass b to get to, disappear to, become of
tsovm tsovm pronoun interrogative what, how, which Where did my book disappear to? that is
(according to the account) What date is because that is, just exactly What exactly
today? did you see?
tsva f. hoof (of horse)
1
1 tsah n plural of
2 tsva f. 2 tsah n plural of 1
tsoh lazing around, loafing tsxo 4
tsuhr f. medicine hernia, rupture tsaul how, in what way
tsohm pronoun tsrnga
tshamr dialect tsir tser 1
1 tsvaj m. 1 ambush to organize an tsshn how how, in what manner, in what way
ambush, lie in ambush 2 refuge, asylum, shelter ts shaj what 1
2 tsoj m. regional hare tstaur how; in what way, in what manner
tsj f. regional doe-hare tsnts tsnats somewhat; in some measure, to
tsvedl intransitive [past: ] to be ill with, be down some degree; almost, approximately
with, have sharp pains (of fingers and toes when they are frost- ts-u-ts indefinite pronoun 1 something 2 m. plural
bitten) euphemism shameful parts, indecent parts; the naughty parts (the
tsojm Eastern genitals, etc.)
1 tsah m. 1
tsi vice colloquial what's this ! what is
2 ts dialect tsi 1 pronoun .1 interrogitive what (being the this, give it to me (show it to me)
subject in intransitive verb, or the object of the action in ergative 2 tse f. name of the letter
constructions, it is regarded usually as a plural) 3 tse acquisition of prepositional characteristics and
What is lying on the table? What are you saying? Why is this yours? proverb Why take it
What else? What can I do? di What is upon yourself, if you don't need it? (e.g., a person who refuses just
this? What did you do? di What did for appearnce's sake, but then goes ahead and takes it upon
you hear? How is this girl himself)
related to you? What is your name? tset f. dull side or edge of a saber
What for? Why? 4 to do something with tsixl transitive
someone, for someone or to someone What tser m. likeness, resemblance so, thus, like this, this
did I do to you? 1.2 interrogitive pronoun what, how, what kind way, in that way like you
of, how What is
How are you? They do not consider him to be the man. One does not
needed? What? What is this? consider him to be the man.
What is your uncle's name? ! Oh, what a 1
tsirv m. plural 1 rupture, tearing, laceration 2
misfortune! 1.3 indefinite pronoun something, anything disruption; cleaving, cutting; cleavage, separation, division 3
say something something nice something new operation, operating; opening (of a wound, an abscess, a boil)
proverb better something than nothing 2 tsirv imperfect of
2.1 several, some, a few, any (amount) tsirxvlj m. eggplant
several days ago Let's 1 tsirstrgaj impudent, impertinent, insolent
walk a bit closer to this large building. a little bit, 2 tsirstrg f. impudence, impertinence, insolence, cheek
some, partly 2.2 to a certain extent, to a certain degree 3 particle to speak insolently
291
tsirgj f. strip, narrow sector of a field 3 to crack, burst, disintegrate; be broken up, be hammered flat; be
tsirl transitive verb [past: ] 1 to tear, rend 2 to cloven, be split the earth cracked, the earth fissured
cleave, split, break 3 to kill (of a beast of prey) 4 to operate, 4 to be split open 5 to be operated upon; be opened (of a wound,
open a wound, open a boil a boil, etc.)
1
tserlj m. kid (young goat) tsel 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to consider, examine,
tsirlj 1 past participle of 2 impudent, impertinent,
2
discuss something 1.2 to investigate, explore, examine 1.3 to
insolent; disrespectful a to speak plainly, speak in find out about (a deposit of one, etc.), reconnoiter, collect data
plain terms b to speak impertinently (of children) idiom (intelligence, etc.) 2 m. plural
to undertake a difficult affair tsenp l m. president of the Afghan Academy
tserlj feminine of 1 tsendj m. member (active) of the Afghan Academy
tsrma 1 f. .1 corner (e.g., of a kerchief) 1.2 edge, side 2 tsernml m. senior scientific worker
aside ! Put the book aside! 3 predicative .1 tsenv l m. corresponding member of the Afghan Academy
directed at, directed toward 3.2 aspiring to a to put tsena f. 1 investigation, discussion of something 2
aside b to throw, fling c to send, direct a to stand investigation investigation of vocabulary items, study
aside, step aside, move away from, keep away from b to be sent, of lexical items; lexicography
be dispatched; make for, make one's way toward c to aim at, a to investigate, discuss something b to explore,
aspire to, strive for investigate 3 law inquest, investigation preliminary
tsirv laj m. state of being broken or torn; state of being torn inquest, preliminary investigation 4 to find out about, investigate
to pieces (a layer of ore) a to investigate something b to
tsiravl transitive investigate, research c to investigate, inquiring into d to explore
tsirnkaj 1 present partcicple of 2 predatory, raptoral (source of something)
tsirnki wild beasts, predators, tsenj r m. junior scientific worker
predatory animals tsenkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. assistant or
tser f. 1 appearance, exterior, looks, look, aspect; face
1
teacher in a higher institution of learning, teacher, instructor
to recognize by his/her face 2 look, view, form, shape tsa f. 1 row, line, rank, file 2 band, crowd 3 flock; herd (of
3 drawing, picture, painting, portrayal, image 4 portrait; horses), shoal (of fish), flock (of birds) 4 hunting round-up
snapshot, photograph 5 wreath or garland of flowers worn by a obsolete a advance guard b hunting beaters
groom on his wedding day 6 figurative mask 7 figurative 1 tsej f. 1 evergreen oak, Quercus baloot large-
character, characteristic property leafed oak small-leafed oak 2 crown, top
2
tsra f. rise (sunrise) 2 tsi plural
3
tsra f. scarecrow (in a field) 3 tse present tense of
4
tsra f. 1 cut, section 2 strip, band (of paper, cloth); rag, tsiz m. Eastern thing, object What is that?
shred, scrap to cut into strips; tear into strips tszma f. tsghma f. dialect eyelid
tserakkh m. 1 portraitist 2 artist tsekhtn m. dialect
tserakakh f. 1 representation 2 portrait (painting) tsekhtavl transitive dialect
tseragr m. tskhta f.
1 tsri tsre Eastern 1 torn, lacerated, torn asunder tsekhtedl intransitive dialect
He arrived all in rugs. 2 cut 3 cracked (i.e., skin); split; tsekhl transitive dialect
cut (up) 4 cut out; split a to tear, tear asunder; tear up tsikl transitive [past: ] to hack, chop up (viscera,
b to slit, section, lay open c to cleave, split d to cut out etc.)
tska f. top or peak of turban
2 tsirj m. piece (of food, cloth, etc.) tslm f. 1 edge, side Eastern
3 tserj f. directions (explanation), instructions My house is on the edge of the village. 2 trench, emplacement,
4 tsir present tense of foxhole; position idiom quite, very;
tserj r m. to come unexpectedly, appear unexpectedly; pop in without
tsri-pri dialect all torn into shreds; in rags; notice
ragged tsl f.
tsiredl intransitive [past: past: ] 1 to break, 1 tsilj f. 2
burst, tear, explode 2 to be torn, be tattered; be spit, be cut, be slit 2 tselj f. rope, cord
292
tsindz m. dialect hshijanavis f. marginalia, commentary (on the

tsindzkha m. dialect frog margins of a publication, etc.) to comment (in a
tsingkh m. dialect publication, etc.)
tsingkha f. dialect hsl Arabic 1.1 receiving, obtaining 1.2 achieving, getting
tsinavr m. 2 m. [plural: hsil t plural: havsl] .1 harvest
tsinj f. dialect 3 2.2 revenue, income 2.3 product; production 2.4 figurative
result, total; consequence; outcome, conclusion a to
yield a harvest, bear (of land) This land
yields a big crop. b to bring in revenue c to yield a result 3
1
he h-ji-hutt 1 the eleventh letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the predicative .1 received, obtained 3.2 achieved 3.3 determined
number 8 in the abjad system math sum meaning
(by right, law)
2
official abbreviation for 1 2 the meaning of life
htm m. Arabic personal name Hatim (especially as the name obsolete in a word; succinctly stated
for an Arab of the tribe, as the personification of generosity) hsilkhz fruitful; high-yield fruitful,
hadzhb m. Arabic [plural: hdzhibn Arabic plural: productive land
hudzhdzh b plural: hadzhab] porter, doorman; hsilkhez f. fruitfulness; high-productivity
watchman hsilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
hdzht m. Arabic [plural: hdzhatna Arabic get; to obtain to obtain something
plural: hdzh t] necessity, requirement There is to acquire knowledge to attain one's
no need. It isn't necessary. to need, have need of goal 2 to attain, achieve 3 to turn out, put out, produce
someone or something If you have need of it hsilavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m.
idiom to answer the call of nature economics producer
hdzhatmn 1 needy; poor 2 m. pauper; poor peasant hsil fruitful; high-yield
hdzhatmand f. need; destitution; poverty hsiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
hdzhz Arabic 1.1 impending 1.2 separating, isolating 2 m. be gotten; be obtained 2 to be attained, be achieved (e.g., of
impediment, obstacle success) 3 to be procured, be acquired 4 to be produced, be
hdzh m. Arabic haji (a Moslem who has made a pilgrimage turned out 5 to flow out of, be the consequence of something
to Mecca) to produce a result
hd Arabic acute (i.e., angle) hzr Arabic 1.1 present, appearing; on hand, available
hds Arabic new, fresh at present ! Here he is! 1.2 present (of
hadisa f. [plural: hdis Arabic m. plural: time, situation) 1.3 ready for something
hdis t Arabic plural: havds] 1 event; incident; He will never agree with this.
occurrence; happening Such an event 2 m. the present (time) amr-i
occurred. 2 accident wreck, crash; accident 3 a grammar imperative mood
phenomenon (of nature) hzrn Arabic at the present time, at the present moment
hz Arabic skillful, experienced; intelligent; wise hzirb sh m. 1 bodyguard 2 servant, attendant
hr Arabic hot mant-i hot, tropical countries; the to attend
tropics hzirszhav b resourceful; witty
hrs Arabic 1 greedy, grasping, stingy 2 strongly desiring, hzirdzhavb f. resourcefulness; wittiness
thirsting for something; striving for something hzirv laj m. 1 presence; availability 2 readiness 3
hz m. plural hzikhl m. plural the Hazi, the agreement, consent
Hazikhejli (a branch of the Yusufzai tribe) hziravl 1 denominative, transitive [past: ] .1
hsd Arabic 1 envious 2 m. envious person to bring, convey 1.2 to prepare for something 1.3 to summon,
hss f. Arabic [plural: hav s] feeling assemble to call a general meeting 1.4 to
viewpoint sense of smell, olfactory sense compel; force, make to do something 2 m. plural .1 delivery
hshij f. Arabic [plural: hashije Arabic m. 2.2 preparation for something 2.3 summons 2.4 compulsion
plural: havsh] 1 edge; edging; selvage 2 note in the hzir f. 1 appearance, showing up for work; presence 2
margin of a book or manuscript, marginalia military roll-call, muster to call the roll, take
attendance 3 time sheet (for logging workers in and out)
293
time-keepers log to sign in condition I have completely reformed. 2

(workers) 4 military call-up (to active duty) 5 regional lunch grammar case
to have lunch hlat adjective grammar case, pertaining to case, case-
hziredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to related
appear, arrive, show up; participate 2 to be ready for something 3 hl Arabic 1 knowing, informed 2 contemporary
to agree They did not agree on this. hml Arabic 1 conveying; transporting, carrying 2 m. .1
hzirn m. Arabic plural those present, those participating ferryman 2.2 bearer of this, bearer 2.3 holder (of a bond)
hfz m. Arabic 1 custodian, guardian 2 person who has hmil Arabic 1 feminine singular of
committed the Koran to memory 3 Hafiz (a classical poet of the pregnant (woman) 2 f. .1 pregnant woman 2.2 transmitter (of
16th century) ideas, etc.)
hfizull m. Arabic proper name Hafizulla hmilag f. pregnancy
hfiz f. Arabic memory hm m. Arabic protector, defender, patron; savior
hkm Arabic 1 m. .1 hakim; head; chief of a province or hv Arabic containing, holding
district; governor governor chief of a province hz Arabic possessing, owning
1.2 Eastern judge 2 attributive .1 governing; ruling 2.2 hl Arabic 1 hindering, impeding 2 m. [plural:
dominating 2.3 command military command post hilna Arabic plural: hvil] .1 obstacle, impediment,
hkimn 1 imperious, commanding; overbearing 2 hindrance 2.2 barrier, hurdle
authoritative authority, power watershed
hkimnishn administrative; regional hiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be or
administrative center serve as an obstacle or barrier
hkma f. 1 empress, sovereign 2 mistress 1
hab habb m. Arabic [plural: hubb] 1 corn 2 fruit
hkim f. government of a province, region or district 2
hub hubb m. Arabic love; affection
hkimijt m. Arabic 1 supremacy; authority folklore Worldly matters do not hold me prisoner.
during the years of Soviet power, in the Soviet hub b m. Arabic bubble soap bubble
period 2 jurisdiction 3 competence 4 sovereignty 5 ownership, hubb-uz-z t m. Arabic self-love, egotism
possession 6 action, influence a to master, possess b hubb-ul-ghjr m. Arabic altruism
to act (upon), influence idiom to love to hubb-un-nfs m. Arabic
command or have at one's disposition hubb-ul-vatn m. Arabic patriotism
hk Arabic speaking; relating; stating hubat
This communication states that habs m. Arabic arrest, imprisonment
hl m. Arabic [plural: hlna Arabic plural: life imprisonment compound verb
ahv l] 1 position, situation; circumstance to relate or tell compound verb
about the circumstances of a matter They did not habsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to arrest,
say what it was about. a to tell about oneself; to talk imprison
about one's situation b to lay out, expound proofs c to reveal habs-i-hav stuffy, stifling (of air)
one's secret, be frank to inform someone habsedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
about something to let someone know about arrested, be imprisoned
something to inquire about someone habashist n m. habash f. Ethiopia; Abyssinia
to find out about one another 2 (current) reality 3 health, habshj habsh habash 1 Ethiopian; Abyssinian 2 Black;
condition of health How do you feel? How is African
your health? How are you? 4 grammar the present tense idiom habat Arabic useless, good-for-nothing
meanwhile; in reality; whereas; at the hubb Arabic masculine plural of 1
same time while, because in any hubub t m. second person plural of 1 grain, grains 2
case not in any case cornbread, food, cereals 3 leguminous plants
hl t Arabic masculine plural of habb Arabic 1 favorite, beloved 2 m. proper name Habib
hl nki vice whereas, while hubibull m. Arabic proper name Habibulla
hlt m. Arabic [plural: hlatna Arabic plural: habibij f. Habibiya (a lycee in Kabul thus named for the
hl t] 1 position, situation; circumstance Emir Habibulla)
meteorological conditions the normal state, natural abbreviation military college
294
hatm m. Arabic 1 obligation; commitment 2 solution (of a to increase in volume 2 format (of a book) 3 size, bulk,
problem) definitive solution to a problem scale volume of operations 4 output (of an enterprise)
htmn Arabic without fail, certainly, absolutely had hadd m. Arabic [plural: hadna Arabic plural:
hatm Arabic obligatory, indispensable, absolute hudd] 1 limit, boundary within the city
obligatory training We are obliged to limits to go a considerable distance within
do this ... It is necessary to limits, within the norm, within boundaries 8 around
hatmi-ul-vu Arabic unavoidable, inevitable 8 hours as possible
hatmijt m. Arabic binding force; indispensability, to a certain extent, to a certain degree
unavoidability to such a degree that ; to the extent that
hatt Arabic 1 conjunction even; so, that 2 preposition until; in a significant degree or measure
right unto; till; while 3 combining form insofar as insofar as this is possible a
possible infinitely, boundlessly; excessively, too much b infinite,
hatij t m. boundless a maximum of three years
hatt-l-imk n hatt-l-mdr Arabic to limit to go beyond the permissible limits, depart
hatt-l-vs Arabic insofar as possible; as much as possible; from the framework or bounds of something a
to the best of one's ability b to encroach on something
hadzh m. hadzhdzh Arabic hadj, pilgrimage to Mecca to exceed authority 2 religion punishment for crime
1 hidzh b m. [plural: hidzhbna Arabic plural: (established by shariat, the canonical law of Islam) idiom
hudzhb Arabic plural: ahdzhib] 1 shawl, veil 2 hd-i; hdd-i majority; maturity regional a to
membrane; partition hidzh b-i anatomy diaphragm 3 exaggerate, overplay b to overstate
modesty; bashfulness idiom under cover of night hadbakhsh f. demarcation, delimitation
2 hudzhzh b Arabic plural of hiddt m. Arabic sharpness, zeal; fury
hadzhdzh r m. Arabic lapidary; stonemason hads m. Arabic offer, proposal, surmise This
hadzhdzhr f. lapidary work surmise has turned out to be true. He guessed
hidzh z m. Arabic Hejaz right.
hadzhdzh m m. Arabic barber who uses cupping-glasses or huds m. Arabic novelty
bloodletting hudd Arabic masculine plural of
hadzhmt m. Arabic 1 use of cupping-glasses; bloodletting hads m. Arabic [plural: hadisna plural:
2 shave; haircut to get a haircut to give ahds] religion hadis (tradition about Mohammed)
a haircut hadik f. Arabic poetic garden
hadzhj f. haz f. Arabic military dressing ! military Dress! (as
1 hadzhb m. Arabic concealing, covering up a command)
2 hudzhb Arabic masculine plural of 1 hazr m. Arabic fear, dread; caution to be fearful; be
hudzhdzht m. Arabic 1 proof, argument, logical proof wary of to be fearful; be wary
to prove, present arguments, give logical proof 2 economics hazf m. Arabic 1 dropping (e.g., a letter, a prefix) 2
document, promissory note; I.O.U abbreviation compound verb
hudzhdzhat 1 m. .1 expert debater 1.2 faultfinder 2 hazfavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to drop
peevish; troublesome (e.g., a letter, a prefix) 2 to abbreviate
hadzhr m. Arabic [plural: ahdzh r] stone, rock hur hurr 1 free, independent 2 m. [plural: ahr r] liberal
hudzhrt biology cellular harrt m. Arabic 1 heat, hot weather 2 temperature
hudzhr f. Arabic [plural: hudzhr Arabic m. plural: The temperature (of the air) is 8 degrees
hudzhar t] 1 Eastern guestroom (in rural villages) above zero.
to have a guestroom 2 lodging hirst m. Arabic guarding; tending; caring for
At whose place did you stay yesterday? to guard; to tend; to take care of; to watch over
He practically lives at the mosque. 3 cell (of a honeycomb) har m Arabic 1 unauthorized 2 impermissible, forbidden (by
4 biology cell shariat, i.e., Islamic canon law); repudiated inedible,
hadzhm m. hudzhm Arabic 1 volume, capacity, cubic content unclean, forbidden food idiom a to take a bribe b to
in volume the displacement of a ship appropriate another's property c to be a scoundrel
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harmkhr harmkhr 1.1 living on unearned out 3 4 action, conduct, behavior 5 linguistics
income 1.2 living at another's expense 2.1 m. parasite, sponger diacritical mark indicating a short vowel
2.2 cheat, swindler 2.3 rascal harakat 1 lively (of games) 2 physiology motor
harmkhor f. 1 parasitism; sponging 2 cheating, harm m. Arabic 1 harem 2 sacred place, shrine place
swindling of worship in Mecca
harmzadag f. 1 meanness 2 cheating; swindling hurmt m. Arabic esteem, respect
a to commit a base action b to cheat, swindle haramkhn f. haramsarj m. harem
harmzd 1 indeclinable base 2 m. [plural: haramjn m. Arabic plural religion Mecca and Medina
harmzdag n] .1 cheat 2.2 good-for-nothing; hurf m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 type
scoundrel hurufchn m. compositor
harmghz m. spinal chord hurufchin f. 1 typographic composition, typesetting 2
harmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to work of typesetting
forbid 2 to spoil, render useless; make inedible, defile hurufi typographic printing press
harmnaj 1 useless, base, mean 2 m. good-for-nothing, harj n
scoundrel harj n-darj n extremely surprised; startled, stunned
harm m. 1 good-for-nothing, scoundrel 2 bandit hurrijt m. Arabic freedom
harmedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be hurrijatkh h
impermissible, be forbidden 2 to go bad, put out of commission; harr m. Arabic silk, silk cloth
be defiled hars Arabic avaricious, mean to become
harb m. Arabic war vazr-i Defense Minister avaricious, become mean; be greedy, be mean
harb 1 military military school harf m. Arabic [plural: harif n Arabic plural:
military service armaments plant, huraf ] 1 rival, competitor, opponent 2 regional client 3
munitions factory 2 adjective combat, operational regional partner
harbij Arabic chief directorate of har m. Arabic fire
artillery and technical supply (of the Ministry of Defense) hizb m. Arabic [plural: hizbna Arabic plural:
hrdzh m. hradzh constraint, difficulty; critical situation ahz b] party, political Communist Party
to surmount a difficulty hizb Arabic attributive party
hirs m. Arabic 1 greed, avidity, cupidity 2 passionate desire hazm m. Arabic prudence, caution, circumspection
to desire passionately, lust after to act cautiously, behave circumspectly
1 harf m. Arabic [plural: harfna plural: hurf] his m. hiss Arabic sensation, feeling compound verb
1 letter (of the alphabet) to write out in full 2 compound verb
grammar participle negation 3 grammar preposition his b Arabic 1 m. [plural: hisbna Arabic plural:
2 hirf Arabic masculine plural of hisb t] .1 counting; calculation, computation; count;
hirft m. Arabic [plural: hirf t f. Arabic hirfa enumeration current account accounting
plural: hirf m. Arabic plural: hirf] 1 trade, craft calculator, calculating machine
hl-i artisans 2 occupation; field of work meter (device) to settle accounts (with)
hirfa adjective handicraft, trade trade to settle an account with someone to have an
school account with someone to submit a financial report;
harf Arabic 1 in letters 2 literal 3 grammar prepositional render an account to make an
(i.e., phrase) accounting error This isn't worth anything.
harak t masculine plural 1 of 2 military operations 1.2 arithmetic 1.3 grouping, category 1.4 account, payment,
chief of the operations department (in the retribution The hour of retribution is
General Staff) approaching. 2 predicative being reckoned, being counted, taking
harakt 1 military operational 2 mobile, transportable into account
harakt m. Arabic [plural: harakatna Arabic hisbdih f. book-keeping; accountancy to
plural: harak t] 1 movement, travel motor render an account (of resources, sums of money)
the troops are on the march hisbgr m. meter (in various senses); tally-clerk
to move, put into motion 2 departure,
leaving to proceed (from), depart; go out, set
296
hisbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to husnkhl m. Arabic good behavior

compute, calculate, count up, reckon up 2 to be enumerated, be husnsulk m. Arabic
reckoned, be counted (in a statistic, list, etc.) husnsirt m. Arabic good conduct
hisb Arabic 1 accounts, accounting husnzn m. husnznn husnabl m. Arabic
accounting clerks 2 arithmetical 3 financial, fiscal favor, favorable relation
fiscal period fiscal year 4 economical, thrifty husnguzr f. good treatment; courtesy
hisbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to husnmis l m. Arabic example
be settled, be calculated, be tallied up 2 to be considered, pass for husnmuhfiz f. Arabic good care
These rugs are considered husnmu'mal f. Arabic 1 2
to be good. 3 to amount to 4 to be enumerated, be listed conscientiousness
somewhere husnnazr m. Arabic
hass s Arabic 1 sensitive; sympathetic, responsive; husnnijt m. Arabic good intention
impressionable; receptive 2 punctilious, meticulous 3 sensitive husnhamdzhuvr f. good-neighborliness
(of an instrument, etc.) 4 vulnerable hasd Arabic 1 envious 2 m. envious person
hasssavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 hisavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to feel,
to render sensitive, render receptive 2 radio to tune sense
hasssijt m. Arabic 1 sensitivity; sharpness, hiss Arabic 1 substantial; tangible; capable of being felt 2
responsiveness; impressionability; receptiveness 2 sentimental 3 sensitive 4 emotional
punctiliousness, fussiness 3 sensitivity (of an instrument, etc.) hissij t m. Arabic plural feeling, sensation; mood
has m m. Arabic sword warlike spirit
hasmuddn Arabic proper name Hasamuddin hisedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be felt,
his n Arabic masculine plural of 1 sensed
hasb Arabic 1 m. counting, quantity; size; measure 2 husjn Arabic 1 beautiful 2 proper name Husain
according to, in accordance with, as in accordance husajn red, pink (in names of flowers, birds)
with the promise, as promised in accordance with your ladies fingers (a variety of grape) flamingo (the bird)
order, according to your instructions as usual, as hashr m. Arabic 1 assembly, assemblage, crowd, concourse
customary (of people) 2 religion resurrection from the dead Day
hasd m. Arabic envy enviable (of fate etc.) of Judgement, Day of the Final Judgement
to envy hashar f. Arabic [plural: hashar] Arabic m. [plural:
hasadn k envious hashar t] 1 insect, bug harmful
hasrt m. Arabic grief, sorrow, melancholy a to insects 2 reptile
grieve, suffer; long for b to dream, think hashar khvarnkaj insectivorous
1
husn m. [plural: husn t plural: hisn n] 1 hashmt m. Arabic 1 splendor, magnificence; grandeur 2 a
beauty, charm; elegance, grace 2 combining form good numerous retinue
behavior an example hashmatm b Arabic (His) Excellency (form of address
hasn Arabic 1 beautiful 2 m. proper name Hasan idiom
2
of presidents of republics)
the month of Muharram (the abbreviation military academy
name of the first month of the lunar year) his r Arabic 1 m. .1 stronghold, fort, fortification 1.2
husn t Arabic 1 masculine plural of 1 2 good, the fence, wall Bala Hisar (fortress in Kabul) 1.3
good encirclement, siege, blockade 1.4 roadblock 1.5 figurative
husnintikh b m. Arabic happy choice difficulty, obstacle 2 predicative .1 at bay (of an animal) 2.2
husnintiz m m. Arabic 1 proper adjustment, good besieged, blockaded 2.3 figurative placed in a difficult position
organizational order 2 state of good discipline 2.4 limited, restricted
husnbaj n m. Arabic eloquence [past: ] 1 to surround, besiege, blockade 2 to
husntafhm m. Arabic mutual understanding arrange a battle (for game); hunt (game) 3 to drive to the wall,
husntakjf m. Arabic fitness, suitability into a corner 4 to detain, stop
husntala m. Arabic hisredl denominative, intransitive 1 to be encircled, be
husnkht m. Arabic 1 calligraphy 2 beautiful besieged, be blockaded 2 to be hunted down, be brought to bay
handwriting
297
(of game) 3 figurative to be driven into a corner 4 to be hafr m. Arabic digging, excavation, dug-up area
detained, be stopped hafrij t m. Arabic plural 1 excavations to
hasr m. Arabic 1 limitation, hindrance 2 blockade excavate 2 work of sappers or military engineers
a to restrict, hinder b to blockade sapper battalion, engineer battalion
hiss Arabic plural masculine plural of hifz m. Arabic 1 guard, defense, protection; custody, storage
husl m. Arabic 1 acquisition; receipt compound 2 memory 3 memorization, rote-learning compound
verb compound verb 2 verb a to guard, defend, protect b to memorize, learn by heart
production compound verb a to be guarded, be protected b to be
husulavl [past: ] 1 to obtain, receive 2 to take, memorized, learned by heart
seize hifz-us-sih f. Arabic 1 hygiene; sanitation 2 public
husuledl denominative, intransitive 1 to be obtained, be health
received 2 to be taken, be seized hifzmtaadm m. Arabic medicine prophylactic
hiss f. Arabic lot, part, portion; share, allocation to hifzij f. Arabic guard, guardianship; custody, storage
divide, divide into parts, distribute hafd m. Arabic [plural: ahfd] grandson
hissad r m. participant; co-owner, partner; shareholder hafizull m. Arabic proper name Hafizulla
hasr m. Arabic mat 1 ha ha Arabic 1 m. [plural: hana m. Arabic
huzz r Arabic masculine plural 1 of 2 those present, plural: ha] .1 right, law the
the audience, the public right to self-determination the right to work
hazrt m. Arabic 1 settled (way of) life; location in (a the Faculty of Law to have the
certain) place 2 civilization, material culture 3 living, habitation, right to (free) speech to have the right to vote
life to trample on someone's rights
hazr m. Arabic 1 settled way of life; life in one's own home You make this request of me rightly. 1.2 belonging to by
2 peacetime in peacetime law to give that which is determined, give that which
hazrt m. Arabic 1 majesty, highness (form of address for belongs rightly by law 1.3 pay, emolument (for labor) 1.4 truth,
monarchs and high-ranking persons); hazrt (title of ecclesiastical rightness, justice You are right.
persons) Jesus Christ 2 presence This is the veritable truth. not to deviate
hazratimmsb m. Hazrat-Imam-Saib (city) from the truth 1.5 God God, the All-High 2 attributive
hazar Arabic 1 leading a settled life; urban 2 pertaining to .1 belonging by right 2.2 veritable, real, genuine 2.3 correct,
peacetime idiom military regular division true This is true. This is correct. 2.4 just
huzr m. Arabic 1 presence idiom hk-i faithfulness, devotion a in
in someone's presence personally, face-to-face respect to, with reference to, relating to someone b for someone's
to grant an audience to attend, honor sake punishment for a crime against the will of God,
with one's presence 2 Eastern Your Grace (form of address to a punishment for a crime against religion to
high-ranking personage) 3 epistolary You, Your Grace (in recognize or acknowledge someone as master or as teacher idiom
writing to high-ranking personages, instead of ) a to give someone his due, reward someone
I am reporting to Your Honor. idiom ! Yes Sir! according to his just deserts b to threaten someone c to punish
Sir! someone, teach someone a lesson
huzrn Arabic personally, in the actual presence of
huzur chamn-i Parade-ground (in Kabul) 2 hu to vomit, feel sick; belch
haz m. hazz Arabic [plural: hazna plural: hazzna han Arabic 1 in truth, actually, indeed 2 justly
Arabic plural: huzz] 1 pleasure; enjoyment; bliss, hart m. Arabic 1 disdain, scorn 2 humiliation
happiness ! What a pleasure! to enjoy, a to scorn someone b to humiliate someone
savor, receive pleasure 2 pleasant taste 3 scent haarij n
haffr Arabic 1 dug up, dug out, excavated ha-ul-idzhr f. Arabic rent
excavations 2 military entrenching ha-ul-inhis r m. Arabic monopoly, monopolistic law
hifzt m. Arabic guard, defense, protection ha-uz-zahmt m. ha-uz-zahm f. Arabic
to guard, defend, protect to be guarded, be honorarium; compensation for labor; wages
protected, be defended hakk-ul-lh m. Arabic 1 religious laws 2 crime against
hifzat protective, defensive, guard religion 3 punishment for a crime against religion
298
ha-ul-'bd m. Arabic law 1 civil laws 2 crime against to see in its true light
the civil laws 3 punishment for crimes against the civil laws to be ignorant of the fact
han just, correct, right haitn Arabic actually, indeed
han Arabic 1 just; impartial 2 divine haiatbn m. realist
hanijt m. Arabic 1 justice; impartiality 2 the rightness haitn Arabic
(of a judgment, etc.) hai 1.1 actual, factual, real 1.2 genuine, natural
ha m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 facts, reality natural wool the actual weight 2 m. Arabic
to conceal the facts, conceal the reality to establish [plural: haiijn] realist
the facts haiitb m. actuality, reality
habn just hakk k m. Arabic carver; engraver
habin f. justice hakkk f. carving; engraving
haparst hapasnd just, fair hukk m m. Arabic plural of
hatalaf f. flouting of rights; the infringement of rights hikjt m. Arabic [plural: hikijtna m. Arabic
to flout rights, trample upon rights plural: hikj t f. Arabic hikj plural:
hahajr n astonished, astounded, extremely surprised hikj m. Arabic plural: hikj t] hikayat, story, tale,
had r 1.1 having a right to something 1.2 lawful fable to relate a tale, tell a story about
They have a legal right to this. something to tell someone a story
to consider oneself in the right 2 owner, master hakpk
hadst m. owlet, Athene noctua hakl f.
hashin s 1 just 2 grateful, thankful 1 hkm hkm m. Arabic [plural: hukmna hukmna
hashins f. 1 justice 2 thanks, grateful recognition Arabic plural: ahk m] 1 order, command, instruction;
1 hagj speaking the truth, truthful injunction to issue an order, issue an instruction 2
2 hago f. veracity sentence, decision (of a court) a decision based on
hal f. regional in comparison with Shariat to alter the decision (court) a to order,
that year command; enjoin b to sentence, judge c to
hamn give judgment concerning something 3 property, quality
hanh hanh willy-nilly a to be equivalent, be equal to b to operate (a law) 4 basis
hu m. Arabic plural of 1 1 on the basis of experience 5 proper name Hukm
huushin s idiom ! As it will please you!
huushins f. What is your command? What would you like? ! No
huu Arabic juridical legal advisor entry!; Forbidden! Not authorized!
1 ha ha 1 legal, just; inalienable legal rights 2 hakm m. Arabic sports umpire, referee
lawful demand 2 doubtless 3 hikm m. Arabic wise saying, aphorism
2 ha feminine singular of 1 2 hkmn Arabic no doubt, of course
har Arabic 1 base, contemptible, paltry, pathetic 2 humble, hikmt m. Arabic 1 wisdom; reason 2 ability 3 proper
obedience to lower someone in name Hikmat
someone's eyes 3 modest, simple, rather poor hikmat 1.1 shrewd, adit 1.2 wise (of a saying, proverb) 2
hairn shameful, degrading m. shrewd person
hair f. 1 baseness, contemptibility, insignificance 2 hukm-dzh n m. proper name Hukumjan
humility, obedience 3 modesty; simplicity, poverty hukmd r m. sovereign, ruler, monarch
hait m. Arabic [plural: haiatna Arabic hukmr n m. chief, administrator
plural: haaik] 1 truth, verity philosophy hukmrn f. authority, administration
relative truth absolute truth to speak the hukmfarm 1 ruling, ordering 2 effective (of a law)
truth He is hiding the truth. 2 essence, being, hukmfarmj f. 1 supremacy 2 effectiveness (of a law)
substance the fact is that a to rule b to be effective, be operative (of a law)
But the fact is otherwise. 3 actuality, reality, fact; real thing hukmnm f. regional order (written)
realism, a realistic approach to hukm mannkaj obedient, submissive
correspond to reality to effect, realize
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hukm Arabic 1 not tolerating an objection, categorical 2 halltalb debatable, requiring resolution
effective, effectual (of a medicine) idiom unity of half m. hilf Arabic oath, vow
opinion hal m. Arabic larynx; throat; gullet idiom
hakamijt m. Arabic arbitration; mediation Zarif Khan suffered, Zarif Khan perished
trade negotiations hal f. 1 ring; hoop 2 circle, radius average
hukumt m. Arabic 1 government radius of operation 3 circle (of people) dance circle
history the Afghan government, the government of Afghanistan idiom Eastern circles around the eyes
the Royal Afghan Government 2 region; about, concerning about this book
district; province, state
province; district halabarsh m. servant, slave servant,
province 3 central authority, government slave
during the years of Soviet power a to direct, hilm m. Arabic softness (of character) to demonstrate a
govern b to rule 4 regime, social structure societal soft manner, behave in a weak way
structure 5 government idiom halv f. Arabic halvah; sweets
martial law idiom to saying literal Every day is not a holiday on which halvah
declare martial law is eaten. figurative All good things must come to an end.
hukumat 1.1 governmental 1.2 state 2 f. .1 halv [plural: halvij n] confectioner
administrative region, province or district 2.2 region; province; 1 hallavl denominative, transitive [plural:
district province halvij n] 1 to solve, resolve (a question, problem, etc.) 2 to
hakm m. Arabic 1 wise man; thinker, philosopher 2 Eastern dissolve 3 to break down, decompose 4 to analyze 5 to digest,
tabib (i.e., native medical practitioner); physician 3 proper name assimilate (food)
Hakim 2
hull m. Arabic 1 lowering, hauling down 2 embodiment
hakimn 1.1 wise, reasonable 1.2 philosophical (of an ideal, etc.)
philosophical writings 2 wisely; reasonably halledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
hakim f. practice of traditional medicine solved, be resolved (of a question, problem, etc.)
hal hall m. Arabic 1 solution, resolution (of a question, This problem has already been solved. 2 to be dissolved 3
problem, etc.) to find a way of solving a problem 2 to be (analytically) investigated 4 to be analyzed 5 to be
solution, dissolution 3 analysis; investigation compound digested, be assimilated (of food)
verb 1 compound verb halm Arabic 1 gently, quiet; courteous civil 2 m. proper
hal dzh m. Arabic carder, scutcher of cotton name Halim
haldzh f. separation of the cotton fiber from the seeds; halim f. Arabic proper name Halima
carding, scutching or ginning of cotton to separate the hulj f. Arabic 1 exterior, appearance 2 adornment; apparel,
cotton fiber from the seed; to scutch, card or gin cotton attire
hal l Arabic 1 authorized 2 permitted, authorized (by Shariat humm f. Arabic heat, fever, high temperature
or Islamic law) pure food (as contrasted to ) typhus, spotted fever relapsing typhus
hallavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to hamst m. hams f. Arabic valor in battle, courage
authorize, permit (according to Shariat or Islamic law) 2 to cut up, hams Arabic literary 1 epic epos 2 heroic
butcher (cattle, fowl duly observing the rules of Moslem tradition himt m. Arabic stupidity; dull-wittedness; slow-
in the slaughter of animals) idiom They wittedness
were his devoted friends. hamm l m. Arabic stevedore, porter
halledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be hamm m m. Arabic (public) bath to bathe in a

permitted, be authorized (according to Shariat, or Islamic law) 2 public bath
to be butchered (of cattle, fowl with due observance of the Moslem hammmk m. natatorium, swimming-pool
tradition in the slaughter of animals) 3 to be deprived of life, to hamm m. bath-attendant
perish himjt m. Arabic 1 defense, protection, custody
halvt m. Arabic sweetness, joy; enjoyment, pleasure self-defense the protection of
hulb f. Arabic fenugreek motherhood and infancy compound verb to be
halab f. tin-plate protected, be in protective custody 2 support; patronage;
halab dzhoavnkaj m. halabisz m. tin- protective influence 3 military cover 4 politics trusteeship
smith compound verb a to protect, have in care b to give
300
support to; have under one's patronage; protect by means of one's hanzl m. Arabic colocynth, bitter apple, citrellus
influence c military to cover d politics to establish a trusteeship colocynthus
over hanaf Arabic pertaining to the Hanif sect or Hanafi
himjat himjav patronal; guardian hanf m. Arabic Orthodox (fundamentalist) Moslem
economics protectionism protective hav f. proper name Eve
tariffs havds Arabic masculine plural of
himj f. Arabic hav s m. havss Arabic masculine plural of
himjav havsh Arabic 1 masculine plural of 2 suite, retinue
hamd m. Arabic religion eulogy; thanksgiving havsl Arabic masculine plural of 2
1 halm m. Arabic 1 conveyance; transporting; transportation; havl t Arabic masculine plural 1 of 2 regional jail,
dispatch 2 pregnancy; conception idiom lockup
to ascribe or attribute something to thoughtlessness havladzh t Arabic masculine plural of 3
2
haml m. Arabic 1 lamb, young ram 2 astronomy Aries, havld r m. 1 regional sergeant 2 non-commissioned
the Ram (the constellation) 3 Hamal (the first month of the solar officer (in the infantry)
year; March-April) havldr f. 1 regional position of sergeant 2 position of
haml-u-hl m. 1 transport 2 conveyance; transporting NCO (in the infantry)
transport, troop-ship transportation havl f. Arabic [plural: havl Arabic m. plural:
vehicle (for transport of goods and personnel) havl t] 1 handling, delivery (e.g., of a package, baggage)
transportation vehicles 2 transfer of property or of the rights to property 3 Arabic
haml f. Arabic [plural: haml plural: hamal t] [plural: havl plural: havladzh t plural:
1 attack, offensive, offense, assault counterattack havladzht] trade transfer of payment; money order;
aerial attack to assault someone, attack grant (of funds); bill of exchange a to take an
someone a to repulse, take away from someone assignment b to receive money 4 reference to a source 5
b to steal from someone to go over to the attack regional arrest, imprisonment compound verb a to
to undergo artillery fire a to carry deliver (e.g., a package, baggage) b to transfer (property, etc.) c
out an attack, mount an offensive, attack b to affect (of an illness) to assign (a room in a hotel, etc.) d to transfer (money and
a to attack b to throw oneself, fling oneself over payment) e regional to arrest, imprison f figurative to deal a
something to subject to an attack 2 figurative blow He dealt him a heavy blow with his
blow of fate, shock fist. compound verb a to be delivered (e.g., of
hamlavr attacking, assaulting, advancing baggage, package) b to be transferred (of money, payment) c to
hamla shock, assault, striking a decisive blow be arrested, be imprisoned a to give an assignment b
shock army to refer to idiom He laughed all the more.
hamijt m. Arabic 1 feeling of honor; a feeling of personal havl akhistnkaj 1 present participle of
dignity 2 high-minded ardor, zeal 3 patriotism 2 m. trade .1 executor of an assignment 2.2 recipient of
hamijatmnd official the title (form of address) of a money
colonel havlad r m.
hamd Arabic 1 praiseworthy, worthy of praise 2 proper havlanm f. promissory note
name Hamid havl varkavnkaj present participle of
hamidull m. Arabic proper name Hamidullah guarantor, principal (person empowered by
hamid Arabic 1 feminine singular and plural of 1 2 f. another to act for him)
proper name Hamida havdzh Arabic masculine plural of
hin hinn f. Arabic henna hut m. Arabic 1 kind of large fish 2 astronomy Pisces (the
hinbnd hinnbnd m. cloth wet with a henna solution (used constellation) 3 Hut (the 12th month of the solar year; February-
to color hair, hands) March)
hin hinni color of henna, reddish-brown hra f. hur f. Arabic houri houri (heavenly
handzhar f. Arabic larynx, throat the windpipe maiden)
pleasant voice havz f. Arabic 1 district, region 2 territory square, plaza
handzharaj linguistics pharyngeal havsil havsal f. Arabic 1 endurance, patience, self-
possession; firmness ! Be patient! to
301
have patience; be very patient, be self-possessed; be very firm hajf Arabic 1 It's a pity ! It's a pity!
I'm losing patience. to It grieves me very much that ... It's a great pity that ... 2 useless,
discourage 2 stomach, craw (of a bird) good-for-nothing
havsilad r patient, self-possessed; firm 1
hil f. Arabic shrewdness, trickery to employ
huz m. Arabic [plural: ahv z] reservoir, water- trickery
storage basin; pond 2 hil only just, only only now, just now
hauzch f. small water-storage basin, reservoir hilab z m.
hauz f. 1 geography basin the Don Basin 2 hilabz f.
hila-havl f. regional trickery, wiles; cheating, intrigue
havl f. havel f. Arabic residence, house, building; hilas z m. shrewd person; cheat
country estate hilasz f. shrewdness; cheating
1
haj hajj Arabic living, live hilagr m.
2
he f. the name of the letter hilagar m.
haj f. Arabic shame, shyness, timidity, bashfulness to hilan k shrewd; crafty
be bashful hin m. Arabic [plural: ahj n] time, season, period
haj t m. Arabic life, existence way of life hajv n m. Arabic [plural: hajvn n Arabic plural:
question of life and death hajvn t] animal, livestock; cattle
hajt Arabic 1 vital; full of life vitally productivity of cattle animal husbandry
important problems 2 live, alive biochemistry hajvnparvr f.
hajtijt m. Arabic vitality, viability, tenacity of life hajvantb m. brutishness, baseness
hajsz repulsive; obscene Eastern foul hajvndr f. animal husbandry; cattle-raising
language hajvnshin s m. zoologist
hajs m. Arabic 1 relation in economic hajvnshins f. zoology
relationships in all respects 2 in the capacity hajvn larnkaj adjective cart, pack
(of), in the role (of) in view of that ... hajvn Arabic adjective animal hide of an
to take something into consideration animal forage a damage (to agriculture)
hajsijt m. Arabic 1 prestige, reputation, dignity caused by insects, birds and rodents b illnesses of farm animals
to preserve one's prestige 2 in the capacity of, in the production resulting from animal husbandry
role of in the capacity of a leader hajvnijt m. Arabic
in the role of a diplomat to carry out someone's role hajav Arabic 1 vital; physiological 2 vitally important
hajdr m. Arabic 1 lion 2 personal name Haidar, Hayder
hajdarb d m. Haidarabad (city and a former principality in
India, the name of several population centers)
hajr n Arabic amazed, surprised, stunned He was khe 1 the twelfth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 600
surprised I am surprised at that ... in the abjad system
hajrntj f. surprise, amazement to look khb m.
at someone with surprise khp m.
hajrnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to khptsi f. plural
surprise, stun, astonish khpot m. reptile, serpent
hajrn f. 1 2 surprise, unexpectedness khpon creeping, crawling serpents, snakes
pleasant surprise khpi f. plural creeping, crawling; crawling over
hajrnedl m. denominative, intransitive [past: ] to to crawl, creep; crawl over
be amazed, be surprised, be astounded, be stunned khtr m.
hajrned m. plural amazement, surprise khtm m. Arabic 1 seal; sealring 2 mosaic, inlay
hajrt m. Arabic worthy of surprise, khtim f. Arabic 1 end, termination, completion, conclusion
surprising to surprise, amaze to be ended, be terminated, be completed, be closed, be
hajz m. Arabic medicine monthlies, menstruation adjourned (of a meeting) to end, terminate,
hajz f. woman at the time of her menstruation complete; close, adjourn (i.e., a meeting) 2 grammar ending
302
1
kht m. plural 1 lifting, rising, ascent 2 climbing up, khrkhvuj f. 1 babbling, murmuring 2 gurgling,
clambering up 3 rise, rising, sunrise 4 mounting, seething a to babble, murmur b to gurgle 3 dialect
entrainment, embussment (on some form of transport) river, stream 4 gulf, abyss, whirlpool 5 broken terrain, rough
kht imperfect of
2
terrain
3 kh ta f. book khrd r thorny, spiny
khtdz khtz khrsh m. 1 mange 2 itch to scratch, scratch
khl m. 1 tulip 2 proper name Khatol deeply
khchaj m. dialect nightingale khrht m. 1 mange to be inflected with
khkhj f. Eastern mange 2 itch to itch, feel itchy
khdm m. Arabic [plural: khdim n plural: khrhtavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
khudd m plural: khadm] servant, attendant robot to itch, scratch
1 khdim f. Arabic maid, (female) servant; domestic khrht 1 itchy; mangy, afflicted with mange
2 khdma f. khdmj f. mountain hadama (a kind of mangy she-goat 2 lustful man 3 scoundrel
lizard with a bristly back); vampire, vampire bat khrhtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
khd f. 1 pole, stake (2.5 cm. thick) 2 pole or wooden tablet to get itchy, itch
at the head of a grave; grave marker 3 [plural: khd] fence khrik-ul-'d Arabic exceptional, unusual
1
khr m. thorn, spine a to spear, stick b figurative to unusual event, extraordinary incident
prevent; thwart; harm, injure khrk m. meat-grinder frame
2 khr m. Eastern khrkf m. Kharkov (city)
khrnj m. south wind khrgir f. thorn-hedge enclosure or fence
khrptsa f. 1 khr f.
khrdzh Arabic 1.1 external, surface from without 2 khr m. 1 spur (of a rooster) 2 comb (of a rooster)
1.2 foreign, external, alien, pertaining to other countries than one's 3 kh ro oblique plural of 1
own 2 m. foreign parts from abroad khronj f. Eastern 2
abroad, overseas khr f. virgin land, undeveloped land bare steppe
khridzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to proverb It is better to conduct a war
exile, depart 2 to exclude, discharge, fire 3 to evacuate 4 mining on the steppe than on cultivated land.
to mine, extract to mine ore 5 to extract (e.g., khr Eastern
natural) gas khptsi f. plural 1 crawling on all-fours to
khridzh Arabic feminine plural of combining form crawl on all-fours 2 crawling along a to crawl,
Minister of Foreign Affairs crawl on all-fours b to crawl along, move by means of crawling
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1
khz 1 fading, withering to fade, wither 2.1 f.
khridzh Arabic 1.1 external, exterior blade of glass 2.2 trifle, bit, bagatelle
external appearance 1.2 strange, outside, alien 2 khz f.
foreign admixtures (in wool etc.) 1.3 foreign, external, overseas, khgkh
g m.
pertaining to that which is beyond the borders of a country khs f. muslin
1
external policy foreign trade 2 khs special high-quality bread

import foreign currency 2.1 m. khsh k m. kindling; bruswood
foreigner 2.2 history Harijit (a member of a Moslem sect which khshkh sh m. poppy-seed
did not recognize Ali as the successor of Mohammed) head, pod or capsule of poppy
khridzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 khshn khsh m. plural regional
to be exiled, be deported 2 to be dropped, be dismissed, be fired 3 1 khsh f. 1 pinch 2 crumb 3 piece (e.g., meat) 4 particle
to be evacuated 4 mining to be mined, be extracted 5 to be of something 5 litter, trash litter,
processed, be extracted (e.g., gas) trash 6 a speck (in the eye) idiom to idle
khridzhed m. plural 1 exile, deportation 2 exclusion, to impede, hinder something
dropping, dismissal, discharge 3 evacuation 4 mining, extraction 2 khsh f. skin ailment of children
mining of ore 5 processing, extraction (e.g., gas) khshapn avaricious, stingy, niggardly
khrkhuj f. khshakh m. native practitioner who will heal the illness
khrkhr m. puncture vine, tribulus terristris
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khs khss Arabic 1 special, particular, private, individual khtirmnd

special influence in each khtirnish n khtirnishn 1 imprinted in
particular instance in special cases memory, remembered 2 favorite
especially, particularly private rooms 1
khtir f. Arabic [plural: khtir m. plural:
(in a bath-house) 2 only, solely especially, in particular khtir t] 1 recollection, reminiscence recollections,
idiom proper name to know the common reminiscences of the past 2 impression 3 thought, meditation
people, the elite and the lowly 2 khtra oblique singular of
khsstn Arabic especially khghlaj Eastern
khsir f. Arabic side lagn-i anatomy pelvis khk m. 1 land, ground 2 earth, dust idiom
khskr regional especially submissive, gentle
khs kun m. Khas-kunar (district on the middle reaches khkp f. 1 earth; ground under one's feet 2 nothing;
of the Kunar River) nothingness
khsm Arabic hostile, inimical khkrz m. Khakrez (settlement near Kandahar)
khsimn hostile, inimical hostile act khks r 1 obedient, mild, gentle 2.1 m. proper name
khss Arabic 1.1 special, particular; private, individual 1.2 Khaksar 2.2 history member of the Moslem Youth Organization
superlative, excellent; choice 1.3 privileged 2 f. [plural: Khaksar (in India)
khss m. Arabic plural: khavv s] properly, native khksr f. obedience, gentleness
quality; peculiarity; distinguishing characteristics khkistardn f. 1 ash-tray 2 ash-pit, ash-bin (of a
natural quality, innate quality idiom regional furnace, stove)
history life-guards muslin, guaze khkistark m. mildew (a disease of grapevines)
khssad r m. regional mercenary soldier from various khkhor f. labor; work for hire to work for
Afghan tribes (who guarded roads, mountain passes, serving under wages
the British and furnishing his own rifle) khklaj ugly, unattractive
khssavard r m. feudal bodyguard khkn f. khkn j m. geography isthmus
khsijt m. Arabic [plural: khass] 1 peculiarity; khk f. 1 coal dust 2 dust 3 broken rice (unfit for use) 4
innate quality, quality 2 merit, virtue 3 advantage, benefit sketch, rough drawing
khz Arabic obedient, docile 1 khk 1 grey-green, khaki; brownish-grey 2 dusty 3
khtr m. Arabic 1 thought, meditation 2 memory 1 idiom a to be with calf; in yean (ewe); in
to forget something to keep in memory, foal b to give birth out of wedlock
remember 3 soul, spirit He was worried. 2 khkj m. 1 ditch 2 pit, hole (used in a game)
to be calm; be unworried, not to be upset khkij n m. plural one of the dervish brotherhoods
He calmed down. 4 disposition, favor; attention (paid) to khg h a to destroy; annihilate b to ravage
someone idiom For God's sake! a to die, perish; be annihilated b to be ravaged
for the sake of, because of to grieve khglaj Eastern
someone, distress someone khgin f. scrambled egg, omelet
khtir t Arabic masculine plural of 1 1 khl m. 1 birthmark, naevus 2 beauty spot (on the cheek) 3
khtirzurd upset, sad speck, spot 4 gold ornament worn on the brow idiom
khtirpresh n worried, distressed; upset to vaccinate (against smallpox)
khtirdzhm Arabic calm; confident; composed 2 khl m. agriculture scraper
! Be calm!, Don't worry! khlptsi f. khlpri f. plural
khtirdzham' f. calmness; confidence; composure; khl-kh l 1 spotted, specked 2 rarely; here and there; in
spiritually peaceful to calm someone places
down khld Arabic 1 eternal, immoral 2 m. proper name Khalid
khtirkh h 1 desired; to one's liking; pleasant 2 khld r 1 birthmarked, having a naevus 2 spotted, specked
satisfactory khls Arabic 1 pure, genuine, real, natural pure,
khtirkhh f. 1 desireability; pleasantness 2 red gold pure copper whole milk 2
satisfaction sincere, pure-hearted
khtird r khlisn 2
khtirdr f.
304
khlis f. Arabic 1 state property 2 fallow land, virgin, khmarkr f. road-bed (dug out in the preparitory work
uncultivated land proverb literally This for road-building)
isn't kasha from Khalisa. (Khalisa is a settlement near Peshawar) khm f. 1 unripeness, immaturity 2 inexperience,
figurative This is not an easy matter. unskillfulness 3 lack of completion, insufficiency
khl m. Arabic 1 Creator, Maker (an epithet of God) 2 khn m. 1 khan (leader of a tribe or tribal family)
proper name Khalik, Khaliq compound verb to become khan
khlkob f. vaccination (against smallpox) proverb If thou art khan, it is thanks to
khl f. aunt, auntie (maternal) your henchmen; Without thy henchmen thou would'st be the dust
khl Arabic 1.1 idle, idling; free, unemployed to of the desert. proverb Because
idle; free, liberate a to vacate a place b to honor, thou callest thyself khan, thou will not be khan.
greet someone by rising to be idle; become free; become proverb Everything bad comes from the khan. 2
empty 1.2 pure pure water 1.3 deprived of something landowner, feudal chief; prince 3 khan (honorific title joined with
1.4 unpopulated 1.5 Saturday 2 only, just ... the proper name) Ahmed-Khan
It is only that 3 m. regional Saturday idiom khnb d m. Khanabad (city)
a with empty hands b unarmed, weaponless a khntam 1.1 proud; arrogant, haughty, pretentious 1.2
to go away empty-handed, get nothing for one's pains b to earn exceedingly greedy, avaritious 2 m. .1 dreamer, visionary 2.2
nothing to flee the field of battle, abandon the conceited person
battlefield khndzhj m. lust; sensuality
khlitb m. khnch f.
khlig f. khlig h 1 lacuna, gap, blank 2 break 3 khnkhn f. feudal segmentation, territorial fragmentation
interruption (e.g., in elecrical service) 4 anatomy cavity khnad n m. 1 family, family group; home, hearth 2
khliv laj m. 1 emptiness 2 unemployment dynasty, tribe
khm 1 raw, unripe, immature raw materials 2 khnadn 1 family, familial 2 dynastic, tribal
unstable, not fast (of dyestuff, color) 3 figurative inexperienced, khndr m. khndra f. blazing campfire, flame
unskilled 4 of un-kiln baked brick, adobe 5 idle; good-for- khnda imperative of
nothing This is an idle dream. khndi present tense of
khmt f. coarse calico idiom to fast; be khnzd m. son of a khan
greedy for food khnashn m. Khanashin (district)
khmt cotton cotton cloth khnshb m. Lord Khan; Khan-Sahib (title in India)
khmakh willy-nilly, whether one wishes it or not khna f. khn Arabic 1 monastery 2 cell
khmazraj m. kind of medicinal plant (ecclesiastical); cloister (of a Sufi, an aesthetic religious monk)
khmsz uncooked, raw kh ngra f. dandruff, scruff
khmk m. 1 2 shoots of a vine, suckers of a khngl m. proper name Khangul
vine to prune the suckers from a vine khnm f. khnm Madam, Mrs.
khmk r awkward, unskilled; inexperienced khnum n m. environment of a home
khmkr f. awkardness, lack of skill, inexperienced khnmull m. chief mullah
khmakdoz f. sewing done with untwisted threads khanma f. 1 Madame 2 polite spouse, wife
khmletj f. 1 thin gruel 2 poultices to khnavd f. family; tribe
apply poultices khanavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
khmsh taciturn, silent; quiet, still taciturnity designate a khan; choose a khan
! ! regional Shut up! Be still! khn-u-m n m.
khmoshn 1 taciturn, silent; dumb 2 taciturnly, silently 1 khn f. 1 residence, house; room 2 compartment (of a
khmosh f. silence, stillness, quiet cupboard, table) 3 matchbox 4 column; (table, page) 5
Silence reigned everywhere. proverb Silence combining form balakhan superstructure, attic garret
is golden. idiom ! I wish you success!
khmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to breach 2 kh na vocative and oblique singular of
(trust, confidence) khnabad f. well-being; easy circumstances, prosperity
1
khm f. 1 pen, reed pen 2 botany pistil khnabadsh nomadic nomadic tribes
2
khm earthen, dirt dirt road khnapur entered (onto a list)
305
khna-khn consisting of compartments (cupboard, table, render assistance (to a poor man, to one in dire need) b to caress,
desk, etc.) comfort someone a to rise up from the ground
khnakhar b 1 ruined, destroyed 2 unfit, shallow (of a b figurative to stand on one's feet, begin to live well
person) 3 ! The Devil take you! literally to arise from the dust and fall in
khnakharb f. ruin, destruction the ashes figurative to miscalculate
khanad r m. head of a house, head of a family 1
kh vri plural of
khnadr f. household management 2
kh vre intensifier Eastern !
khnaz d born of a slave-woman Can he really understand this!
khnasm n m. man in charge of property (in a home); 3
khvrj m. 1 forest; thickets 2 green clay (used in dying
logistical manager (in an enterprise); superintendent (of a building) cloth)
khnanishn sitting at home; retired, not working kh vri pezhandl m. plural soil science
khnavd f. khvrin 1 earthen; clay kerosene
1 khn f. 1 history Khivi Khanate 2 reign of a clay vessel 2 (mixed) with sand, clay (of grain) 3 turbid (of
khan 3 position of khan 4 title of khan 5 authority, sovereignty water) 4 figurative mild, meek idiom
2
khnj m. khanaj (measure of weight equal to 8 "kabul siras" earthenworms, rainworms
or 56 kg.) khvnd m. 1 master, owner, possessor master of
khne-khn compartmented (a desk,
khndzaj the house 2 malik (i.e., tribal leader) 3 proprietor; he who owns
cupboard) cupboard with four compartments something; he who has some quality or other
khnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to become Afghanistan is characterized by a continental climate.
khan, be khan a rich man writers a man
khnz 1 who is coping (successfully) with fate the possessor of
kh aj m. gopher a tongue (descriptive of an eloquent man)
khv k m. Khavak (a pass) the road which high ranks How old is he? 4 man who is the
passes through the Khavak head of a family 5 God to appeal to God
khv l m. 1 pit, hollow 2 pen, fold (for sheep, on the steppe khvj r m. caviar, roe (of fish)
or the mountains) khjdk m.
khvr m. east; the east khedl intransitive Eastern
khvarg aj m. quarry (where clay for pottery production khist Eastern
is obtained) khn Arabic 1 perfidious 2 m. traitor, betrayer
kh vra f. 1 soil, land infertile land clay khinn treacherous
petroleum 2 country, land, province 3 territory 4 khj f. testicle
usually plural kh vr dirt; dust to raise dust khabst m. Arabic 1 dishonesty; venality 2 corruptness
a to sprinkle dust on the head (in grief, distress) b khab rovsk m. Khabarovsk (city)
to regret a to endure, keep silence b to be khubs m. Arabic malice; insidiousness, perfidy
satisfied with little not to leave a stone upon khabr Arabic 1 m. .1 piece of news, news, report, information
request a to die b to be in extreme want fresh piece of news, fresh news, news the
a to harm someone b to calumniate someone latest news They communicate the news from
compound verb a to turn to dust b to destroy Herat. to receive news, find out; be informed
to ruin one's life to try hard, strive with all one's to be in receipt of (of communications, information)
might compound verb to die, perish to communicate, report to communicate, notify;
Things didn't go his way. He is unlucky. inform, transmit information news service,
to subordinate oneself to someone, be under somebody's thumb telegraph agency 1.2 notice, notification to
to pretend to be poor, feign poverty notify, give notification to someone 2 attributive knowledgable,
to be without a penny, be without means well-informed I know
to do someone much harm; trip someone up to Everybody knows that
suffer; fall into a distressed state a to inflict I don't know (says a woman) from informed
damage upon someone b to play a dirty trick on someone circles
to die, become dust to commit to the earth, bury khabr l dtna f. computer science log file
a to extricate someone from need or poverty; khabrtki computer science f. plural data
306
khabartj f. 1 knowledge, possession of information This is the essence of the matter. ...
superficial knowledge It is necessary to say that I want
He knows nothing about my trip. 2 notification, information to tell you something. It was eighty
khabrtji pa computer science f. information bar years ago. to comprehend, understand
something This is what we must
khabarts aj m. scandalmonger
understand. idiom to submit to What does
khabard r Arabic 1.1 careful, attentive to warn
this mean? to pick a quarrel with someone
someone ! ! Be careful! 1.2 knowledgable,
well-informed 2 Look out! Stand aside!
You did not agree with me.
khabardr f. 1 carefulness 2 knowledge, possession of
literally to talk well, but to fall flat at the end
information
khabri plural of
khabri-atri f. plural 1 negotiations
khabr la f. d khabarn la computer
negotiations on economic questions 2 conversation, talk
science newsgroup
to converse, have a talk 3 discussion, debate, disputation
khabarras n m. correspondent a as a result of negotiations b as a result of
khabarrsan f. information news agency, conversations or talks c as a result of discussion or debate
telegraph agency a to conduct negotiations b to have a conversation, talk
khabarshinav gossip c to discuss, debate, analyze, review
khabarghl m. scandal-monger khabarj l 1 loquacious, talkative 2 m. .1 spokesman for
khabarghl f. piece of scandal some group's views 2.2 representative (e.g., of an enterprise of
khabarghvgaj submissive, meek some sort) 2.3 radio-announcer 2.4 correspondent idiom
khabargr m. informer, spy correspondent-member (of an academy, society)
khabarlts khabarlts 1 1 khabarjl f. 1 news agency 2 representation
1 khabarltsaj khabarltsaj 1 loquatious, talkative 2
2 khabarjlj 1 garrulous, gabby 2 m. scandal-monger
eloquent khabredl khabaredl denominative, intransitive [past:
2
khabarluts f. khabarlots 1 loquaciousness, talkativeness ]1 to find out, be in the know, be well-informed, be informed
2 eloquence 3 noise 4 expressiveness (e.g., eyes)
Everyone knows about that. 2 to be invited (to a
khabarls wedding, as a guest, etc.) 3 to notice, remark
khabarlos f. 2 ... He did not suceed in collecting
khabarmzaj m. telephone himself.
khabravl khabaravl denominative, transitive [past: khabred m. plural knowledge, state of well-informed
]1 to communicate, inform, notify, make known (to), give khabri-mabri f. plural 1
information (to) to be acquinted with something khabarij Arabic grammar narrative sentence
to inquire about someone 2 to invite (to a wedding, khabt m. Arabic 1 thoughtlessness, inability to think things
as a guest, etc.) through; stupidity 2 false step, blunder
khabaravna f. 1 communication, notice, notification, khabs Arabic 1.1 disgusting, nasty; vile 1.2 malignant 2 m.
provision of data 2 invitation (to a wedding, as a guest, etc.) Evil Spirit, Evil One
khabra f. 1 word to speak, utter a word khabr Arabic well-informed, knowledgeable
Here is what I want to say. to interrupt someone informed circles
I was rambling (speech) khap 1 m. .1 cicatrice, scar 1.2 typographic error 1.3
Eastern And I couldn't say a word 2 [plural: blemish, spot 2.1 hidden, secret secretly, on the sly 2.2
khabri] words; conversation, talk preface unclear, indistinct idiom to swipe, steal
during the conversation, at the time of the talk khpar masculine plural & oblique singular of
Our conversation will be a short one. a to speak khupt dialect 2
to speak the truth ... I khpartj f.
consider it necessary to say b to have a talk, converse khparna f.
to forget Not one word khparavl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
of his valor crossed his lips. 3 matter, question, problem; spread; disperse; dispel 1.2 to open wide; unfold 1.3 to spread,
something ... The thing is that disperse, circulate (rumors, publications, etc.) 1.4 to transmit,
... The big problem is that , the main thing is that communicate, announce 1.5 to publish, make public, issue, print
307
1.6 to settle (in a new place) 1.7 to extend, spread out 2 m. khplsraj 1 foolish (of a person) 2 independent
plural khplgalav f. 1 relationship 2 friendship
khparavna f. 1 dispersion; dispersal 2 opening; unfolding friendly relations
3 distribution, spreading, circulating (of rumors, publications, etc.) khplv k independent, self-governing; autonomous; free
4 transmission, communication, announcement 5 publication, 1 khplvk f. independence, condition of being self-
publishing, issue, printing, press 6 settling, settlement 7 governing; autonomy; freedom Independence Day
extending holiday autonomy
khpar feminine singular of 2 khplv kaj
khparedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to khplv laj m.
disperse, go away The people dispersed. 2 to be khplv n 1 plural 2 2 attributive related
opened, be unfolded 3 to be spread, be circulated, be distributed (female) relative
(of rumors, publications, diseases, etc.) 4 to be transmitted, be khplavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to take
communicated, be announced 5 to be published, be issued, be possession of, seize; conquer 2 to get, receive; obtain
printed 6 to be settled 7 to be spread out, be extended (e.g., of to receive independence 3 to acquire (e.g., new lands) 4 to
clouds) assimilate, memorize 5 to bring together, link; have at one's
khparednkaj present participle of disposal 6 to pardon
infectious disease khplval f. khplv f. 1 relationship 2 friendship
khpared m. plural a to become related to b to be friends with; become
1 khap f. khp 1 paw 2 foot, sole of foot 3 hand (with friends with to start a friendship 3 friendliness
fingers spread) idiom a to fight with someone 1 khpla feminine singular of
b to quarrel with someone to contend with, 2 khpla Eastern
measure one's strenght khpledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
2 khap m. whirlwind, tornado become a relative of 2 to be brought together, be friends
khapa f. khpa 1 khpam 1 killed, smashed 2 m. scab, mange
khpska f. khapsa f. ravings; nightmare khpandz streching out on the ground
to torment (of a nightmare) khpandzl transitive [past: ] to lay out; throw
khapk m. stonesmith, masonry smithy down on the ground
khapka f. 2 1 khpand
1 khapakj m. hypocrite, two-faced person 2 khpand m. large ball or skein of cleaned wool or cotton
2 khapakj f. Eastern nightmare to torment (of a khpandl transitive
nightmare) khpuchp quietly, secretly
khapag n m. 1 sadness, depression, melancholy 2 khaptsi f. plural
discomposure, grief khpor 1 f. khpar khpr m. plural khpar
There are many joys and sorrows in life. a to grieve, be f. plural .1 dispersed; scattered 1.2 uncovered; unfolded 1.3
depressed, be melancholy b to be discomposed, be grieved 3 spread, circulated (of rumor, publications, etc.) 1.4 transmitted,
discord, quarrel communicated, announced 1.5 published, issued; printed 1.6
khapag f. discomposure, grief settled 1.7 extended, streched out 2 soldier, warrier (in an
khpl 1 possessive pronoun one's own He has extended line of riflemen)
his own house. to the end of one's life khportj f. khporv laj m. 1 dispersion; dispersal 2
among themselves, etc. opening; unfolding 3 spreading, circulation (of rumors,
involuntarily, unwittingly 2 m. [plural: publications, etc.) 4 transmission, communication, announcement
khplvn] relative close relative distant 5 publishing, issuing (of a publication) 6 settling (in a new place)
relative 3 native, blood, by birth What is khporavl denominative, transitive
your blood brother's name? khporedl denominative, intransitive
khpl aj m. khplch rkaj m. khapi f. plural
khplch raj m. 1 egoist; mercenary person 2 obstinate person; 1 khp m. plural tinder, touchwood 1
wilful person 2 khap
khplsr obstinate, self-willed; wilful 3 khpa f. Eastern
khplsartb m. obstinacy, wilfulness; capriciousness 4 khpa feminine singular of 2
308
1 khapj scarred, having a cicatrice khak m. [plural: khak plural: khaak n]

2
2 khapj f. 1 rope (of cotton, wool, hemp) 2 lead, rein, halter stink-bug, darkling-beetle
kht m. shirt 3
khaak m. khatak n unripe melon (used as an
khat f. ingredient in marinades)
khitm Arabic concluding a concluding word 1 khutkaj m. boiler
khat j m. history China 2 khukaj f. regional pot; small pot, jar
khati f. khukavl transitive regional
khatr m. 1 khaakj m. melon khaak proverb
khatarn k literal to take two melons in one hand figurative to bite off more
khatl intransitive [present: past: ]1 to arrise, rise; than one can chew
climb up, clamber up to climb a mountain, ascend a 2 khkj m. small knoll; hillock
mountain to climb the stairs 2 to rise (of celestial khukedl intransitive regional
bodies) the sun rose 3 to break out, swell up (of a khaakivl m. melon seller
pimple); appear, develop (of an abscess, a boil) 4 to attack; seize khagr m. bricklayer; mason
5 to weigh approximately How much do you khagar f. bricklaying, masonwork
think this wheat will come to? 6 to turn out to be kham r m.
He proved to be a shallow person. idiom khaml f. khamhaj m. trowel (for plaster,
He concluded the work. He mortar)
passed the examination. khunka f. saucepan
khatm m. Arabic 1 m. .1 end, termination, conclusion, khabaj m. turbid water
completion 1.2 2 predicative concluded, completed khaoln muddy, dirty
khatmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to end, 1 khta 1 f. khi usually plural .1 mud the
conclude; finish, complete; terminate (e.g., a meeting) road is very muddy soiled, muddied 1.2 also kha
khatm f. Arabic reading from the Koran (on the seventh, or clay clay used for mortar or plaster kaolin
fortieth day after death) refractory clay to plaster; to make a pise wall 1.3
khatmedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be ended, be figurative ferment, leaven; colloquial spirit 1.4 figurative
concluded, be completed; be terminated (e.g., a meeting) 2 origin, descent His descent is from the Barakzai
grammar to terminate (in) (tribe). 2.1 thick, viscous; sticky 2.2 turbid; dull
khatmed m. plural termination, conclusion, completion; to shame, discredit to stick, get stuck in
closing (e.g., of a meeting) 2 kha f.
khutn m. Khotan (city, district) 1 khj m. corn-stubble
1 khatna f. 1 2 khi plural of 1 1
2 khatn f. khatnasur f. Arabic religion khan pise, adobe
circumcision, the ritual of circumcision compound verb 1 khadzh m. foam
to perform the rite of circumcision 2 khadzh m. grammar accent
1 khat dialect imperfect of khadzhlt m. Arabic shame; inhibitation, embarrasment;
2 khat oblique plural of 1 shyness to be shamed; be inhibited, be embarrassed
khta f. 1 rag 2 khudzhast khudzhist happy, blessed
1 khti f. plural 3 3 khadzhl Arabic 1 shamed 2 bashful; inhibited, shy
2 khtj f. undershirt khadzh m. proper name Hadjo
khatdz khatz 1 eastern 2 m. east; the East khadzhvl
the Far East the Middle East the Near East khadzhnkaj 1 skittish, fast (of a horse) 2 rebounding (of a
1 kh m. 1 hill; knoll 2 bank (of clouds) ball) 3 with a waddling gait
2 khu m. khadzh grammar stressed
khab m. khachpch fine, crumbled, in crumbs
khabl m. sediment; dregs khachpachavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
khukh m. to laugh loudly, guffaw to crumble
1 khak 1 m. plural the Khattaki (tribe) 2 m. Khattak khachpachedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
(tribesman) to crumble, break into small pieces
309
khachkhchnaj m. 1 tumbling 2 reversing, reversal 3 khud 1 divine 2 f. divinity idiom regional

ricocheting a turn summersalts b to turn over c history Red Shirt
to ricochet 1 kidrz m. plural the Khidarzai (one of the Yusufzai
khachr m. mule tribes) 2 kidarzj m. Khidarzai (tribesman)
khacha f. 1 pus, supporation (in the eyes) 2 wax (in the knadsh f. Arabic fear, alarm
ears) khad' f. Arabic deception, shrewdness, strategm
khchl transitive [past: ] to fling, shove optical illusion
military strategm idiom
khchn 1.1 slimy 1.2 muddy, dirty 2 m. guttersnipe, slut khadm m. Arabic plural
khchkaj m. morsel, small piece (of meat) khidmt m. Arabic [plural: khidmatna Arabic
khcha f. 1 bouncing (of a ball) 2 falling short, shortfall plural: khidam t] 1 service
(bullet, etc.) a to bounce (a ball etc.) b to fall short (a government service military service 2 attendance
bullet etc.) upon; helpfulness; services a to
khcha gta f. khchj gta f. serve someone; be of service, be helpful to someone b figurative
khchj-machj gta f. little finger to beat up, thrash someone 3 service, good deed, favor
khadzla f. 1 trash, rubbish; garbage 2 [plural: I am at your service (I am there to serve you)
khadzli] waste, waste products Will you not do me a favor? 4 merit (or
khadzkaj m. 1 crack, crevice (in a floor) 2 small quantity services deserving merit) outstanding services 5
of something care (for the sick) a to serve b to provide services;
khatsl f. hangnail service c to be helpful, do favors d to care for (the sick) 6
khatstskaj m. 1 morsel 2 crumbs 3 chaff
formula of respectful address or mention ...
khatsza f. khatszaj m. 1 mini-morsel 2 bit I courteously said to His Honor that
khatsski m. plural sawdust He respectfully stood up before them.
khakhavl denominative, transitive Eastern khidmatg r m. servant, attendant regional
khakhedl denominative, intransitive Eastern history a Red-shirt
khud m. khidmatg ra f. serving-girl; attendant (female)
khudd d God-given khidmatgri f. 1 service 2 services (e.g., municipal);
khudzd good-turn, kindness, help
khudd m Arabic masculine plural of khidmatguzr f. services
khudnakhsta regional May God spare us! God forbid! khidmat 1 assiduous; attentive 2 assisting, serving
khudvnd m. khadng m. 1 silver poplar 2 arrow of silver poplar 3
khd j khud j m. God to appeal to God
if God grants, with God's help ! God knows! khadokhl 1 m. plural the Hadokhejli (tribe) 2 m.
! May God forbid! idiom zoology praying mantis Hadokhejl (tribesman)
Radjab (month) to disgrace oneself khadidzh f. Arabic proper name Hadija (particularly the
khudjbahlaj 1 m. the deceased 2 deceased, passed name of Mohammed's wife)
away khal m. sheep-dog; wolfhound
khudjpmni f. khudj-p-mni f. khaal-bal quite healthy
farewell, parting to say farewell, part with khar m. [plural: khr] ass, donkey
someone stride a donkey riding a donkey
khdjkh khudjkh vice literal He sits upon his donkey, and will not
khudjrhm m. proper name Khudajrahm descend. figurative His is stubborn. He is headstrong.
khdjzd khudjzd disgraced, unworthy to sit upon a donkey a to be despairing literal
khdjg khudjg khdjg khudjg Oh God!; Oh! Oh! to set upon a donkey's tail figurative to be importunate
khdj shta khudj shta I swear to God!; As God is my literal to be unable to divide corn between two
witness! donkeys figurative to be a fool figurative
khudj nkhst May God forbid! to take care of oneself literal to draw one's own donkey out of the
khudjnazr m. proper name Khudajnazar mud b to shame, put to shame idiom
khud ja O God!; Oh Lord! to rudely interrupt someone
2
khr m. 1 snore 2 whine a to snore b to whine
310
khar b Arabic 1 bad bad weather 2 destroyed 3 kharbsh kharbish kharbshj kharbishj m. 1
spoiled wild boar, wild hog 2 abusive swine
kharb t Arabic masculine plural of 1 kharbshja f. swine
kharbt m. debauche kharban f. donkey-driver (female)
khar b-tar b 1 spoiled 2 utterly destroyed kharbn m. [plural: kharbn m. kharb [plural:
a to spoil b to destroy utterly old clothes, worn- kharbn donkey-driver, ass-drover
out clothing khrap m. khrap f. 1 crack, crash crackle,
kharbtj f. 1 crackling 2 crunch
kharbv laj m. 1 kharp naj m. dormouse (rodent)
kharbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to kharpt m. powdered medicine to lick powdered
spoil; make worse 2 to destroy 3 to break idiom to medicine from the hand
squander (money) idiom to fatigue (the brain) khrapl transitive
1 kharb f. Arabic [plural: kharb Arabic m. plural: kharptsa f. kharpsa f.
kharb t] 1 ruins, remains 2 desert khrapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat, beat up,
2 khar ba feminine plural of thrash someone 2 to eat (e.g., carrots) with a crunching noise,
1 kharb f. 1 deterioration a worsening of the crunch
weather b bad weather 2 spoiling 3 worthlessness 4 destruction khraph r m. khrapj m. 1 crack, crackle 2 crunch 3
5 accident 6 ruination 7 unpleasantness, misfortune tread, tramp
the trouble is that khrpedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be beat up 2 to
2 khar bi feminine plural of crack, crackle 3 to crunch
kharbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to khartb m. stupidity, ignorance
become worse; be spoiled 2 to be destroyed 3 to be broken 4 to khr khr fat, weighty, stout, portly; fatty
have an accident 5 figurative to be insulted, be hurt, be injured khraavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make
kharbed m. plural 1
fat, fatten up
khar p khr p 1 khara f. large turban of a mullah
kharpavl denominative, transitive 2 khra m. [plural: khra n] rascal, swindler
kharpedl denominative, intransitive khrj m. foam
khir dzh m. Arabic history tax, duty, tribute khar veterinary glanders
khirdzh f. history taxable land khraedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to grow
kharr d khar d m. regional lathe fat, get heavy, become stout
1 kharrd khard f. 1 machining 2 metal turning work, khardzhad l m. 1 Antichrist 2 villain
lathe work compound verb a to machine b figurative khardzhgdzhgalj m. kind of children's game
to sharpen, hone (e.g., style) compound verb a to be khardzhga f. bag (used for carrying a load on an ass)
machined b to be sharpened, be honed (e.g., of style) khrach m. 1 crack, crackle 2 crunch 3 gnashing, grinding;
2 kharrd m. regional squeak
khr a f. black-breasted sand-grouse khrchavl transitive [past: ] 1 to crack, crackle
khurs n m. Khorasan 2 to crunch 3 to gnash, grind; squeak
khurasnj 1 Khorasanish 2 m. native of Khorasan khrchah r m. khrachj m. 1 crackle, crackling 2
khar sh m. 1 scratch, abrasion 2 laceration, ragged wound crunch 3 gnashing, gritting; squeak
khr shkaj khrshkaj m. phlegm khrchedl intransitive [past: ]1 to crack, crackle 2
bloody phlegm to crunch 3 to gnash, grind, squeak
kharshavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 1
kharts 1 m. .1 expense, expenditure, spending, outlay,
to scratch 2 to lacerate, tear expenses travel expenses to be
kharr t m. Arabic lathe-operator consumed, be used up 1.2 sale, selling Is this
kharrt f. lathe operation lathe horse for sale? 1.3 tribute; tax, duty 2 predicative .1 spent,
khurf t m. Arabic plural fable expended 2.2 sold
khir m m. regional branch, bough 2 khrats m.
kharbn plural of and khartsv m. spendthrift, wastrel; embezzler
311
khartsht m. expenditures, expenses, outlays khrshedl intransitive [past: ]to breath heavily
What are these expenses for? through the nose
khartsgr m. customs duty collector kharshn m. usually plural [plural: kharshin] dung
khartsl f. dialect khartsl n m. dialect (of a horse of donkey), manure
khartsl v m. khartsln m. sale, disposal by sale, selling 1 khartm m. 1 2 hose
khartsaj m. 1 rags, tatters 2 dust cloth 3 regional short 2 khartm m. Khartoum (city)
person kharghvgaj m. botany marshmallow
khartsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to khurf f. botany portulaca
sell, vend to sell to someone to khir f. Arabic rags; hairshirt (of an aesthetic, a dervish)
sell abroad 2 to expend, spend khirapsh m. dervish
khartsn m. sale, selling, vending seller's 1 khark m. idiom to play dirty tricks on someone
market for sale 2 khark m. zoology wood-louse
khartsavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. khark r m. carter, drover who transports goods by donkey-
merchant milkman, one who sells milk caravan; drover of asses
khrtsa feminine singular of 1 2 kharkr f. cargo transport (animal), transport on donkey-
kharts 1 extravagant 2 m. spendthrift, wastrel back to be engaged in the transport of goods by
khartsedl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to be donkey-caravan
sold 2 to be spent, be expended to water wheat immediately after
khark v m.
khartsed m. plural 1 sale, selling seller's sowing to be unwatered after sowing (of wheat)
market 2 expenditure, spending, expense, expenses to be watered immediately after sowing (of wheat)
kharkhr f. 1 jumps, leaps 2 stupidity, ignorance 1 khurkj m. 1 snore 2 wheeze 3 purring (of a cat)
kharkhch m. no plural form staircase a to snore b to wheeze c to purr
kharkhsh f. kharkhkh f. 1 noise, disturbance 2 2 kharakj f. blacksmith
quarrel 3 doubt, vacillation a to make a noise, cause a kharkedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grow luxuriantly
disturbance b to quarrel c to doubt, vacillate 4 riff-raff 2 to become full, become rounded
kharkhaj m. gulf, abyss kharg m.
kharkhvl m. shears (for clipping sheep) khargj m. 1 small pin 2 part of a flintlock rifle 3 bridge
khardadzh l m. (stringed musical instrument)
khardam gh khardimgh 1 stupid 2 stubborn kharl transitive [past: ] to tear to pieces; tear and
khark m. khark m. scopalamine, scopolia scatter, tear up and strew around idiom to be insistant
praealta (a medicine plant) upon, persist in
khr r m. khrraj m. regional snore kharlndza f. kind of oak tree
khraavl transitive [past: ] dialect to snore kharloglj m. crowd of people, noisy assembly
khraedl intransitive [past: ]dialect to snore to create an uproar, make a disturbance
kharzej m. medicine jaundice to instigate or bring about a noisy assembly
khirs m. bear khurrm 1.1 pleasant, enjoyable 1.2 joyful, merry, content 2
1 khursk m. proper name Khurram
2 kharsk m. jumping for joy to jump for joy khurm f. date date-palm to
khrasnd 1 breaking, splitting 2 figurative brainless perform a charitable act and earn merit (both dates, and an action
kharsav r m. person riding on a donkey which pleases God)
kharsr m. dunce, blockhead, fool khurm light-brown chestnut
khrsh m. heavy nasal breathing khurramdl m. proper name Khurramdil
kharshabn m. history Kharshanun (one of the ancestors of kharmast f. 1 games; pranks, practical jokes 2 drunken
the Afghan tribes, the Yusufzai, the Momands, the Khalils, etc.) party, carousal 3 debauch a to play; play tricks b to
khrshka f. pimple get drunk, carouse c to engage in debauchery
kharshn m. kharmandj rotund; miniature; tiny
1 kharshnaj m. person with a hairlip kharmuhr f. cowry (a shell used in India for money)
2 kharshunj m. muzzle of a bull kharn r m. botany mullein
khrandzh m. disturbance, strife
312
khrnda f. scratch khrej m. 1 drink made of curds and whey (i.e., sour milk
khrndi f. a to tear up; tear up and scatter to tear similar to Caucasian airan but diluted with fresh milk) 2 botany
up and strew about b figurative to be insistent, be stubborn mushroom compound verb a to spoil (some matter) b
khranl transitive [past: ] 1 to make a hole; bore; to beat, break a to be spoiled (some matter) b
drill 2 to torture, torment compound verb to be beaten, be broken to
kharnl m. mountain rush, Arundo protrude (of eyes)
1 kharv r m. 1 harvar (a measure of weight equal to a 8 Kabul khrz m. khirz 1 stubble (of cotton, alfalfa) 2 spur (of a
sera, or 565.280 kg) 2 load which can be carried by an ass rooster) 3 spit, skewer 4 crow-bar (tool)
2 kharv r m. Kharvar (settlement, Gazni District) kharit f. Arabic map geographic map
khrup tautological compound with kharf m. Arabic 1 autumn 2 kharif (autumnal sowing)
1 1 kharo m. plural Kharoti (one of the Gilzai tribes) 2 khrjl khrajl khrijl transitive [past: ] to cut,
kharoj m. Kharotai (tribesman) shave, clip (hair, beard) passive to be cut, be clipped,
2 kharoj m. measure for corn be shaved
khurdzh m. Arabic 1 departure, exit 2 expulsion 3 biology kharemf she-ass in heat to be in heat (a she-ass)
excretion khrejl transitive
kharvrg m. 1 kh 1 grey 2 brown; khaki color 3 dark a dark
kharo f. khrok m. kharok kind of wild edible cloud early morning dusk 4 turbid turbid water
grass turbid eyes 5 overcast overcast weather 6
khraj 1 vicious (of an animal) 2 predatory, wild unbleached (cloth) 7 figurative ashamed, embarrassed 8
khurosk m. medicine croup figurative vague, uncertain, confused (times)
kharsh m. khroh m. 1 noise 2 unruly actions, 2
khu m. noise made in vomiting, expectorating or spitting
riotous conduct 3 disturbance a to vomit, throw up b to expectorate, spit
kharkaj m. 1 scab (on a wound); incrustation 2 scar, suture khs flat
1 khravl transitive [past: ] to cut, clip, shave (the khnka f. pipit (the bird)
hair, beard, etc.) kh nga f. bough, twig
2 khravl transitive [past: ] to cause to squeak kh v
3 khrul m. wooden stopper for a jug khv f. fighting of dogs
kharomg m. stupid and ill-tempered man khbakhn grayish
khrom f. food, sustenance khap m. 1 crash; crunch a to crack, crash b to
1 khar 1 f. .1 pile, heap (of ground corn) 1.2 stack (of wood) crunch 2 tramp, tread
2 predicative placed in a pile, heap or stack kh-p 1 completely gray 2 dust-covered; soiled, dirty 3
khr plural and oblique singular of
2 1
cloudy, confused; tense a to become dirty, get soiled b
3 khra f. she-ass figurative to get complicated; become tense
khrh p m. 1 squeak 2 snore khptj f. 1 dirt, mud 2 figurative tension (relations,
khrapha he insisted; he persisted position)
1 khrj m. 1 blister, lump 2 corn, callus kaptsa f.
2 khraj 1 m. hangnail 2.1 stubborn, obstinate 2.2 dialect khap-u-khp m. cracking, cracking, rustling
living, animate khapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause a crackle 2
kharijt m. Arabic to thrash, beat up
khard 1 m. purchase, buying, obtaining 2 bought, obtained khaph r m. 1 crackle, rustle; knock 2 crunch 3 clicking
to buy, obtain, procure of teeth
kharid r m. 1 purchaser 2 poetry admirer of a beautiful khapj m. tread, tramp
woman khapedl intransitive [past: ] to strike against and
kharidr f. purchase, buying, obtaining chief fall
of supply, chief of procurement department khatm m. trunk, proboscis idiom to brag, boast
kharedl intransitive [past: ]1 to snore 2 snore about
He began to snore. khti f. plural nonsense, idle talk to talk nonsense,
kharid-u-fursh m. buying and selling engage in idle talk
kh m. plural regional mucous, nose-drippings, snots
313
khdzhn 1 brown 2 dark 3 turbid, dirty khavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to dye
khz m. khrs m. 1 dry cough 2 crunch 3 crash, crack grey, color grey 2 to trouble, disturb to catch
4 noise of a shot 5 clap, bang a to cough dryly b to fish in trouble waters 3 figurative to shame, embarrass, confuse
crunch c to crack d to resound (of a shot) e to bang 1
kha f. 1 stream-borne silt 2 sediment early in
khs f. the morning, at dawn at twilight, in the
khstrgaj 1 grey-eyed 2 embarrassed, ashamed evening the transitory world
khs-u-khs m. 1 ring, ringing, rattle (saber) 2 2 kha feminine singular of
crunch 3 cracking, crashing 1 khaj 1 gluttonous, voracious 2 garrulous
khsavl transitive [past: ] 1 to bring forth, 2 khj f.
cause a dry cough 2 to make a cracking or crashing noise 3 khi plural of 1
khsah r m. khsj m. 1 dry cough 2 crunch 3 khj-pj f. 1 simplification, oversimplification 2
crash, crack humiliation
khsedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to cough dryly 2 to khit snub-nosed, pug-nosed
crunch 3 to crack, crack 4 to clap, bang, slap 5 to strike against khedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to dye
1 khukj m. 2 grey, color grey 2 to trouble, roil, grow dim 3 to be covered with
2 khkj turbid; dust-covered dust, get dirty 4 figurative to grow ashamed, be embarrassed 5
khgv f. silt to grow worse, worsen (circumstances)
khl transitive [past: ] to defecate 1
khis 1 person in the pink of health; very large person; giant
khlmaj m. squirrel 2.1 huge, healthy (a person) 2.2 enormous
khmr m. 2 khis tautological with
khn gluttonous, voracious khun
khandzh m. dissention, disturbance to cause 1 khaz khazz m. 1 fur 2 regional sable (both the animal and
dissention the fur) 3 pole-cat, ferret
khand m. 1 stump 2 stubble (of wheat, rice) 2 khaz khazz m. Arabic kind of rough silk
khna f. defecation khaz n m. 1 autumn 2 predicative .1 fading, losing
khv laj m. 1 turbidity; sediment 2 figurative disorder, freshness, wan 2.2 figurative withering, growing old
grief he is growing old; he is withering away
khb 1 richly watered, copiously irrigated 2 watered (of a khazn f. khizn Arabic 1 treasury 2 depository,
horse) storehouse 3 military chamber (breech of a weapon)
khobgraj m. plaster, mortar khaznach m.
khobavl denominative transitive verb [past: ] khaznakhn f. Treasury, Exchequer
1 to water; fill up with water, irrigate 2 to plaster with a clay khaznad r m. 1 treasurer 2
mortar, stucco idiom a to charm (with beauty, etc.) khazna having a chamber, having a breech (of a firearm)
b to admire (the sight, appearance) to enjoy khazn autumnal
beauty khaznedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
1
khobj m. mortar, stucco of clay (for covering, stucooing fade, grow wan 2 figurative to grow old, age
a wall) to prepare clay stucco, mortar khazdka f. 1 dung-beetle 2 dialect beetle of the
2
khbi feminine plural of Tenebrionidae family 3 small insect
khobedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to khazraj 1 m. bread crumbs 2 tiny
be watered; be filled up with water; be irrigated 2 to be plastered khazla f. dialect
with clay mortar, be stucoed khazand 1 m. & f. [plural: khazand m. plural:
kh-u-p khazandag n] .1 reptile, snake 1.2 insect
khopj m. thick yogurt-like dish heated up harmful insect 1.3 f. plural snakes, reptiles 2 creeping,
khvrg m. ram older than four years crawling serpents, snakes, reptiles
khvrga f. ewe older than four years 1 khaz f. 1 ambush (for hunting) 2 basin, bowl
khaz m. 1 noise of a shot 2 a clap, bang 2 khza f. dialect
1 khas 1 cowardly 2 m. coward khzh m. khzh f. wheeze (in the chest)
2 khus m. tautological compound word with to wheeze (in the chest)
khska f. 1 thick smoke 2 repulsive smell; stink khzhah r m.
314
1 khug 2 khasm na f. 1 care, concern; charge; service

2 khg m. to serve, be of service to someone 2 guard, protection
3 khag m. 1 3 compound verb a to care for, concern over something;
khgkj m. wheeze (in the chest) to wheeze (in the watch over; serve b to guard, protect to take
chest) something upon oneself
khugavl
transitive dialect 2
khasmnagr m. khasmnavl 1 person caring
khgah r m. for or concerning himself about another person 2 one who guards
khuged l intransitive dialect
2
or protects another, protector 3 guarantor
khas m. plural brushwood idiom
1
khasmnj m. guarantor
This has no value whatsoever. khasaj khsaj
2 khas m. plural 1 meat 2 anatomy placenta khasza f.
khs khus stinking, evil-smell foul air to 1 khsj khusj m. calf
cause to be stinking, cause to be evil-smelling to stink, 2 khas m. 1 castrated animal; gelding, beast who has been
be stinking, be foul-smelling altered, ox 2 gelded, castrated to geld, castrate
khasr t Arabic masculine plural of and to be gelded, be castrated
khasrt m. Arabic 3 khsj khusj f. heifer
khasr f. Arabic [plural: khasr Arabic plural: khass Arabic 1 greedy, miserly 2 base, mean 3 repulsive,
khasr t] detriment, losses, loss, damage, waste unpleasant
to recoup a loss to suffer damage, incur loss khasl m. grain mowed prior to ripening and used for fodder

to bring action to recover damages khash k m. brushwood; wood; firewood
to demand restitution of damages damage was khisht khusht
caused They suffered great losses. khishtavl Eastern khushtavl transitive
khus vdzha f. khus vza f. dialect iris bulb khasht dialect
khasbn masculine plural of and khishtedl intransitive
khasbn m. khasb m. [plural: khabn] khushk dry, withered, dessicated
gatherer of brushwood khushkv f. dry valley
khasph m. 1 military wolf's hole (tank trap, covered khushkdam gh crazy, mad, insane
and camouflaged) 2 snare, trap khushkdamgh f. insanity, madness
khisst m. Arabic 1 miserliness, niggardliness 2 baseness, khushksl f. drought, dry year
meanness khushkmghz
khastag f. weariness, exhaustion tireless, khushkmaghz f.
impervious: to exhaustion 1 khushk f. dry land (as opposed to the sea)
1 khist f. stone (of a fruit) 2 khushk f. boiled rice, steamed rice, cooked rice
2 khast tired, exhausted tired, exhausted khushk f. 1 dryness 2 drought
khastakn exhausting khashim m. khishm wrath, anger, rage he became
khaskhs petty, very small, in small bits to angry, he became enraged
crumble khashmedl intransitive [past: ]to become enraged
khusr m. khusr 1 father-in-law (wife's father) 2 father-in- khashng malicious
law (husband's father) khushnd content, satisfied, contented
khusr n m. Arabic damage, harm; injury to khushund f. contentment, satisfaction, gratification
inflict damage, harm; harm khusha m. plural dung (of horse, ass)
khusarganj f. relatives on either the husband's or wife's khush' f. Arabic
father's side khushunt m. Arabic harshness, rudeness
khasaj m. 1 straw 2 twig, branch 3 trash 4 worthless to be rude to; cut short, snub
thing idiom to cast lots khshaj 2
khask m. bedbug, Cimex lectularius khashjt m. Arabic fear, terror
khasak low quality (of fruit) white mulberry khashl m. small quantities of brushwood washed up by wave-
khasm n m. guarantor action on shore
khah
315
khhtk m. gore, gusset in a dress or trousers idiom a broken (dotted) line khtt-i the equator
to commit a dishonorable deed military forward edge of battle area military line of
khhtkr f. bricklaying defense a to write, inscribe b to make a line,
khhtg m. khhtagj m. draw 3 rail, rails; line (of a railroad) 4 fuzz (on the face)
khhta f. 1 brick rough-finished stone khat f. Arabic mistake, blunder This is a serious
cinder-block 2 figurative element, component, mistake. This is not their fault
composite part to lay out or expound point by proverb Man is prone to error. to
point idiom neither one thing or another; swindle, deceive a to knock over, lead into error b to let
something inferior down slowly (a staff), strike (with a staff on the head) c to toss,
khahm m. throw to repeat a mistake compound verb
khahmedl a to miss b to go astray c to fall (stumble) a His
khahavl transitive idiom to seize feet went out from under him (from a tree branch etc.) b He
someone (of a dog) stumbled compound verb a to collapse, fall; to roll
khah m. plural the Khashi (a branch of the Afghans away b to deviate (from a theme) a to be deceived b to
encompassing all of the Yusufzai tribes) err, make a blunder to make a mistake, miscount
khahedl intransitive to speak without hesitation
khahedna f. dialect khit b m. Arabic 1 title to give a title 2
khuhna f. address, appeal, turn to or address someone with a speech or an
khasi Arabic masculine plural of appeal
khasl Arabic masculine plural of khitb f. Arabic speech, sermon
khaslt m. Arabic personality, nature, character (of a person) tribune, podium (for an orator)
khasm m. Arabic [plural: akhs m] enemy, foe khatt t m. calligrapher
khasmn 1 hostile, unfriendly 2 hostility, in an unfriendly khattt f. Arabic calligraphy
manner khatk r m. sinner
khuss m. Arabic 1 peculiarity 2 relationship, respect katkr f. mistake, error, blunder
in this respect, with regard to this, about this khatt-as-sjr m. Arabic 1 current electric
in all respects current 2 way, flow 3 course, direction 4 line
khussn Arabic 1 especially, in particular 2 privately, khatvatl m. khatvatna f. plural 1 mistake,
personally, individually blunder 2 deception optical illusion
khusus Arabic 1 particular; private in khtt-i-hn m. railroad
particular private capital 2 special; khatjstlaj deceived
confidial; secret 3 personal private secretary khat 1 f. mistake, blunder 2 inaccurate, untrue a
khusuij t Arabic masculine plural of shot that missed, a miss b a shot into the air
khususijt m. Arabic [plural: khususijatna khutb f. Arabic religion hutba (holiday sermon containing a
Arabic plural: khususij t] 1 detail, particular 2 reference to the reigning noble)
peculiarity; characteristic; specific; property khtt-i-pesh m. military forward line
chemical property 3 proximity, close relationship, intimacy khatr m. Arabic [plural: khatarna Arabic m. plural:
to have close relations, be intimate with someone akht r] 1 danger; threat; risk the
khas m. 2 Fatherland is in danger danger to life
khasil f. Arabic [plural: khasil Arabic m. plural: to create great danger a danger arose, a
khasl] manner, style moral quality threat arose to be in danger
khizr m. regional 1 friend of the Prophet Moses 2 Prophet to create a threat to someone to meet face-to-
Elijah face with danger 2 alarm air-raid alarm
khuz f. Arabic humility; submission, obedience air-raid warning announcement to
to resign oneself to something, submit to something announce an air-raid warning
khat m. khatt Arabic [plural: khatna Arabic plural: khatar t Arabic masculine plural of
khutt] 1 letter correspondence khatarn k dangerous, risky uneasy road,
to carry on a correspondence with someone 2 line, dangerous road
mark a straight line a curved line
316
khatarnkv laj m. khatarnkijt m. danger khal f. Arabic 1 anatomy cavity oral cavity 2
This is not so dangerous. emptiness 3 alienation There was a
khatr f. Arabic [plural: khatr Arabic m. plural: noticeable alienation between them.
khatar t] 1 danger; threat to place khal t m.
under threat, threaten 2 alarm, warning 3 risk khls
khatt-i-fsl m. border, frontier khlstn m.
khatksh m. khatkh m. ruler, straightedge khlsavl denominative, transitive
khat larukaj lined lined paper, ruled khlsedl denominative, intransitive
paper khl s khal s Arabic 1 free, liberated, saved, delivered 2
khtt-i-mash f. Arabic [plural: khut-i-mash] unoccupied, not busy (with work, matters) 3 open
1 itinerary, line (of travel) 2 politics course (of action) the shop is open 4 unsealed (letter, package) 5 deprived of
political course something 6 completed, finished idiom open, fresh air
khatmt m. letter, correspondence to send khulstn Arabic brieflly, succinctly to
letters, dispatch letters mention briefly
khatm f. Arabic botany marshmallow, Althaea khlsv laj m. 1 freedom 2 idleness, unemployment 3
khatvl opening, unsealing (letter, package) 4 completion, finishing
khutt 1 f. Arabic plural of 2 routes, itineraries khlsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
khatb m. Arabic 1 preacher 2 orator free, set free, set at liberty; save, deliver 2 to open (a door, a shop)
khatr Arabic 1 serious, great (of responsibility, etc.) 2 3 to dismiss (from a job) 4 to open, unseal (a letter, a package) 5
esteemed, honored to unload (a gun) 6 to finish, complete 7 to settle, eliminate (a
khif f. Arabic secret hidden (of difficulties, conflict, etc.) 8 to untie (e.g., a knot) 9 to untangle (threads)
etc.) idiom to educate the people idiom
khuff sh m. Arabic bat to open up a road (e.g., in the mountains)
khifft m. Arabic 1 lightness, lightness in weight 2 khlsn m. 1 deliverance, salvation, liberation 2 settling
insignificance (e.g., of a problem) 3 light-mindedness 4 (dispute)
humiliation, insult 1
khl sa 1 feminine singular of 2 unmarried woman
khafa n m. Arabic 1 despair 2 depression (daughter, sister)
despondent thoughts 3 palpitation 2
khuls f. Arabic the heart of a matter, crux of a matter;
khafk m. marten deduction, conclusion succinctly
khafag n m. speaking compound verb to summarize, speak
khafag f. grief, derangement, disorder succinctly
khaf Arabic 1.1 upset, grieved I am upset, I am khlsj m. khalasi f. 1 salvation, deliverance
distressed 1.2 angry, dissatisfied 1.3 suffocated, smothered 1.4 to save oneself, escape 2 running dry, failing; decreasing 3
figurative dispirited a to upset, grieve b to anger, annoy khlsj m. dialect break in relations
c to suffocate, lie heavy on d figurative to oppress, stifle khlsedl khaladl intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a to fall into confusion; grieve b to be angry (with), be become free, escape, get out 2 to be open 3 to get fired (from a
annoyed (with) Don't be angry at me! c to job); to get out of (i.e., responsibility) 4 to come to an end, end,
choke 2 f. asthma, asphyxiation finish, come to completion the semester is ended
khaf kavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 5 to be opened, be unsealed (letter, package) 6 to be unloaded (a
asphyxiating asphyxiating gases gun) 7 to deliver, give birth, calve, kitten, foal 8 to run out, to be
khaf Arabic hidden, secret expended
khaff Arabic 1 light (of industry) 2 military manual, hand, khldedn m. khldedna f. dialect
light 3 insignificant; unimportant 4 linguistics palatalized (of khlsedn m.
phonemes) khlsed m. plural 1 liberation, deliverance, salvation 2
1 khukl transitive dialect 2 opening 3 dismissal (from work) 4 termination, completion 5
2 khkul transitive dialect 1 opening, unsealing (letter, package) 6 unloading (a gun) 7
khug Eastern 2 delivering (birth), birth, giving birth, calving, kittening
khugn m. khil f Arabic 1 m. .1 breaking, infraction
khal m. 1 faith, assurance 2 trust, confidence to break a promise 1.2 opposition 1.3 contradiction
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17 votes to 20 2
khul m. Arabic [plural: akhl ] 1 disposition,
contrary to something 2 contradicting, contradictory temperament; character 2 breeding idiom he got
contradictory, not corresponding to angry; he became disturbed
reality khilt m. Arabic 1 creation, making 2 world, society;
khilft m. Arabic 1 history caliphate (government) 2 people 3 temperament; nature (of a person)
office of caliph 3 successor to be someone's khiltn Arabic by nature
successor khultrikh f. khultang f. anger,
khilfraftr m. misdemeanor discomposure he was angry; he got upset
khilf-i-knn regional illegal, illicit 1 khal f. obsolete nation, people
khilfvarz f. 1 infraction of a law or custom 2 crime, 2 khla oblique singular and vocative of 1
misdemeanor 1 khil Arabic natural, innate; inherent, characteristic (of)
khall m. Arabic creator, maker 2 khal popular, of the people
khall creative writer, creative worker khalk m. 1
khallijt m. Arabic creative work literary khilk f. 1 ( Eastern-type) robe 2 apron
creativity khalg m. khalg m. 1
khil l m. Arabic 1 defect, flaw; imperfection 2 disorder khulj f.
khalmal 1 sincere (of friendship) 2 frank, open khall m. Arabic 1 loss, damage, harm 2 hindrance,
to speak frankly, talk in plain terms interference a to inflict damage, harm b to
khalk Arabic masculine plural of hamper, interfere with idiom Eastern
khulbraj m. idiom You have gone out of your mind.
khalpl m. brush, brushwood khulm m. history hul'm
khulp f. khalndzh m. [plural: khalandzhn] mulberry (white or
khaltm m. red, with pits)
khalt f. bag sleeping bag khalndza f. oak
khildzh m. plural history Hilji (a people living in 1
khalvt m. Arabic 1 solitude, loneliness 2 closed meeting,
Afghanistan in the Middle Ages) private property
khalkhan deformed 2 khlot empty, hollow
1 khalsh m. 1 suspicion 2 obstacle khalvatkhn f. 1 room (in the men's half of the house) 2
2 khalsh m. stitch cell (ecclesiastical)
khulls Arabic 1 pure, unadulterated 2 short in khalvatnishn 1 retiring, withdrawing 2 m. hermit
resume form khalvat 1 m. .1 confidant 1.2 hermit 2.1 confidential,
khalt Arabic 1 m. .1 mixture, admixture 1.2 blend 2 secret 2.2 secluded
predicative blended to mix (with) intransitive khuld m. Arabic eternity, immortality
to mix khuls m. Arabic sincerity, candor
1
khal' f. Arabic 1 removal 2 abolition khalvandnaj m. cord for fastening up a bag; lace
2
khul' f. law 1 divorce at the instigation of the woman 2 khlvta empty, hollow
cutting a son off from his inheritance khul f. khul 1
khil't m. Arabic ceremonial robe khlaj m. 1 sprout 2 blade of grass 3 straw 4 litter, garbage,
khal'-i-sil h f. disarmament compound verb trash idiom His beard has gotten a bit grey
to disarm compound verb to disarm proverb Murder will out; the guilty mind eventually
khl'a f. 1 betrays itself
khalf m. Arabic [plural: akhl f] 1 successor 2 son khalit f.
khulaf Arabic masculine plural of khalidzh m. Arabic bay the Bay of Bengal
khalaf 1 rear, back 2 subsequent khaldzh-i the Persian Gulf
1 khal m. Arabic singular & plural 1 nation, people, the khalif m. Arabic [plural: khalifag n Arabic plural:
people 2 plural people; inhabitant important people 3 khulaf plural: khalf] 1 history Caliph 2 successor
creation, making compound verb to make, create 3 polite form of address (e.g., to a tailor and other craftsmen)
compound verb to be made, be created khal Arabic 1 kind, gracious 2 m. proper name Khalik
318
khali f. Arabic m. [plural: khal] 1 nature, khamr Arabic 1 fermented (of dough) sourdough
disposition, character 2 creature bread 2 m. .1 dough 2.2 pasta 2.3 figurative nature
khall m. Arabic 1 religion true friend (an epithet of khamir 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 leaven
Abraham) 2 proper name Khalil 3 m. plural Khalili (tribe) 4 to leaven (dough) 2.2 dough the dough is
Khalil (tribesman) rising Eastern literal a lion made of dough a weak
1
khalil m. plural Khalili (tribe) and puny man
2
khalil khalili (a variety of early-ripening grape, dark red in khamz slightly bent; inclined
color) khamezavl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
1
khum m. khum (a large clay jar for the storage of water, wine, bend slightly; incline
oil, etc.) khamezadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
2 kham bending, bowing; curving bend slightly; incline
1 khum r m. Arabic 1 drunkenness; hangover 2 intoxication khanzr m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 medicine
(from love) 3 languor (in the eyes) scrofula
2 khim r m. khun m. Arabic diphtheria
khum ra f. proper name Khumara khuns f. Arabic neutralization, paralysis
khumr 1 intoxication 2 languorous, languid (of eyes) 1 khundzh a f. rags
languorous eyes 2 khundzh a f. 1 millet 2 oil-cake
khmzraj m. Withania coagulans (a plant yielding a khandzhr m. dagger
ferment for cheese) khandzharkhatj m. ornament in the form of a dagger
khamb f. large woven basket (for storing corn, grain); corn- khandzhar striped (of silk cloth)
bin, granary khndzhk m. khindzhak (a kind of pistachio tree) 2
khambir f. dialect khandzhakj m. plug, spigot; bung
khump r m. Eastern mortar (weapon) khand m. court for playing knucklebones the game of
khumpr f. khampr siege gun knucklebones
khamt f. khand f. laughter a laughable b senseless
khamt 1 chubby and pink (of a baby) 2 stocky to laugh he laughs to fall down
khamcha little finger, pinky lower rib laughing
khamche f. plural Eastern bread made of broken rice or khand n 1 m. laughter; smile anecdote, joke 2
millet poetry laughing, smiling
khumrj f. mug for drinking (clay, metal) khandn k laughable
khums m. Arabic fifth part, fifth khandrkj m.
1 khamsr m. fall of leaves, the beginning of autumn khand m. Arabic 1 ditch; moat 2 trench
2 khamsr 1 spontaneous, unceremonious 2 sociable khandk m. corral, paddock behind which cattle are driven
khamsortj f. 1 spontaneity, informality 2 friendship, khandkj m. mastiff, pointer (breed of dog)
sociability khandl transitive [present: past: ] to laugh,
khamsz jeer at, deride Don't laugh at him. He
khams f. Arabic 1 pentad (five poems unified into a single laughed for a long time. They are laughing.
entity, e.g., by Nizami, and Navoi) 2 five senses (sight, hearing, khandn 1 mocking, sarcastic 2 funny
smell, touch, and taste) to become a laughing stock 3 pleasant, lifegiving
khamn bent, crooked khandavl transitive [past: ] to make laugh
khamandk m. zoology tick khandavr laughable, funny
kham-u-chm m. shrewdness, tricks khand 4
khumd m. Arabic 1 extinguishing, extinction 2 medicine khandedl intransitive [past: ]to laugh; guffaw;
loss of the power of speech giggle
khamavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bend, khundijl transitive [past: ] to preserve, safeguard,
bow 2 to distort guard
khamdz khan m. dialect [plural: khanna] dialect [plural:
khamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to bend; khand n] 1 stump, stubble 2 spur (on a rooster) 3
bow; be deformed, be distorted figurative hindrance, obstacle, impediment
319
Every kind of obstacle arose. phrase, the subject of the action of a passive voice is expressed
to create serious measures were taken by the
obstacles in someone's path to eliminate obstacles ministry bilateral towards evening
to encounter obstacles a from all sides b all-around, comprehensively
khankj to step aside, avoid 2 direction (of the wind, etc.)
khanl m. male of the keklik, keklik a northern wind is blowing today 3 country,
khnmn m. shrimp, short person region, province an old name for the country of the
1 khann m. wormseed root, Curcuma zerumbet Afghans the Southern province the Eastern
2 khann knotty, gnarled (of wood) province 4 relation, connection in all respects 5
khnj short, short in stature mood, desire I want (to eat, to drink, etc.)
khinzr m. Arabic [plural: khinzir n Arabic plural: appetite disappeared not to feel
khanzr] pig, boar like working, without desire 6 soul, heart I
khunk cold, cool took offense at him a to live in
khunuk f. cold, coolness perfect harmony b to become close a to offend b to
1 khing embarrassed; ashamed distress, upset to be offended, be distressed, be upset
2 khing m. sage to arouse, arouse disgust, instill hostility, dislike
khingtj f. embarrassment; shame to feel, have a feeling of disgust; feel hostility; no longer love, fall
khngra m. 1 dandruff 2 plaque (on the teeth) 3 scale, out of love to calm down ! calm down!
deposit to turn everything upside down
khangrj m. textiles reed (of a loom) a to beat until loss of consciousness b to learn inside information
khingavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to a to calm down b to take revenge a
embarrass, shame to grow cold, fall out of love b figuratives to be satiated, gorged
khingedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be to offend, distress, upset to be offended,
embarrassed, be ashamed be distressed, be upset Eastern to avoid
kha f. an answer, decline (by making excuses) to take
1 khu m. plural 1 tinder 2 kind of sugar cane someone's side, be for someone to feel nauseous
2 kho khu m. plural 1 you see, you know, (emphasis) a to throw up, vomit b to feel, to feel, have a feeling of
you know, I told you, I (emphasis) told you disgust a to visit, to drop by b to come back to
you see, he left; he (emphasis) left one's mind, come to mind to win over to
you know, one must do something 2 however, but someone's side; persuade, convince somebody
you speak well, but the fact is, you are Ahmed took revenge on the enemy
right, but the fact is although, but 3 a to achieve a goal b to take revenge
of course of course, that is so that's all I took revenge on the enemy in the
very well and good, but (emphasis) 4 f. but, hindrance daytime at night everywhere, all places, all
that's a big "but". to intercede with him on my behalf
3 kho khu Eastern vice 2 it's already been hundreds of years that
khv f. 1 side, direction south here, hither khvbav laj m. 2
there, thither a along this side; on this side b in that 1 khvbdaj 1 offended to be offended
direction, here a along the right side, on the right side with someone 2 distressed, upset a to offend b to
b to the right side, to the right to my right a distress, upset to be upset with someone
along the left side, on the left side b to the left side, to the left 2 khvbad f. 1 offense 2 distress, upsetting 3 indigestion
to my left near khvpuag f. 1 dejection to be dejected
someone, next to someone from the other side 2 distress, upsetting
from one side he started home khvpa 1 distressed 2 offended 3 distress, upsetting
they are coming to me to repel, spoil one's appetite
Eastern here and there, hither and thither, in khvpuag f.
all directions; back and forth, there and back
khvpkhv side by side
to go back and forth, there and back
a from the direction b with the help of this turn of a
320
khvtorn khvtraj 1 distressed, sad khvredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to

to distress, sadden to be distressed, be saddened 2 live in poverty; be destitute 2 to be wretched, be unhappy 3 to be
disgusting, unpleasant offended, be humiliated 4 to grow weak, become thin 5 to worry
khvolv laj m. calm khvrikh 1 doing physical labor 2 working, laboring,
khvlaj calm to calm down to be toiling workers 3 hardy, capable of
calmed down endurance
khdzh m. [plural: khdzhag n] 1 khojja (a rich

1 khv m. plural 1 food, comestibles; nourishment
merchant or landowner) 2 eunuch
vegetable food food and drink 2 eating, eating up
khvkhporv laj m. distress, upsetting 2 khv imperfect plural of
khvg 1 masculine plural and oblique singular of 2 2 m.
khvkhugtb
m. khvkhvugtb 2
plural .1 sweet, candy 2.2 figurative pleasant thing
khvakhgaj khvakhvgaj sympathetic, compassionate;
1
khvast m. khast 1 wish last wish (of a dying
responsive
man) 2 request 3 entreaty, supplication 4 begging
2 khvkhug f. khvkhvug 1 sympathy, compassion;
khvstghaj exhausted to die of exhaustion
responsiveness to sympathize with someone
khstgr f. khvstgr match-making
2 good deed; help
khstga m. beggar
khvr 1.1 poor; pitiful a ... saj poor peasant b ...
khstgar f. begging
sai poor peasants, the poor a miserable
1 khvshnaj 1 offended 2 grieved, distressed
existence 1.2 Eastern thin, emaciated 2 m. .1 a poor man 2.2
a to offend b to grieve, distress
[plural: khvr n] poor, poor people 2.3 poor devils
2 khvashin f. 1 offense 2 grief, distress
1 khvrdzv kaj weak, powerless
regrettable occurrence 3 dissatisfaction
2 khvrdzvk f. weakness, powerlessness
khv he f. [plural: khvhej ni] khv ha f.
khavrzm m. Khorezm
1 wife's mother 2 husband's mother
khvrzhv kaj poor
khvhetb m. state of being a mother-in-law
khvrkaj m. poor devils
khvhikhl m. plural relatives of a mother-in-law on
khvrkj 1 m. poor fellow, poor devil 2.1 rather poor 2.2
either the husband's or wife's side
modest, simple
khav s 1 Arabic masculine plural of 2 2 the nobility;
khvrndzhkaj pitiable, wretched
the bosses; upper classes
khvrndzhj gaunt, thin, emaciated
khvgrdzn repulsive; nauseating
khvrv laj m. leanness
khv grdzavnkaj emetic
khvravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
khvgrdzj m. khvgrdz f. nausea; vomiting
make unhappy, make miserable 2 to offend, humiliate 3 to
khvgrzn
annoy, bother, torment 4 to weaken, make weak
khvagrzj m. khvgrz f.
to get tired, become tired 5 to blow up (e.g., a bridge, pier) 6 to
khvl m. confidant, trusted person
discredit, bring into disrepute (e.g., a law, custom)
khv la f. 1 secret of the heart; innermost thoughts 2 frank
1 khvr m. singular & plural Eastern oblique of 3
conversation, talk to confide a secret (to); be candid with

He opened his heart to me. He imparted
2 khv ra feminine singular of 1
his secret to me. I don't have
khvr_vr 1 spread about; scattered in various
anyone to share with. I don't have anyone to open my heart to.
directions to spread around, scatter, throw around in
a to betray a secret, let a secret out b to confess
various directions 2 uncoordinated, uncoupled a
to be close friends
to spread, scatter, be thrown about in different directions b to be
khvlas taj 1 knowing how to keep a secret 2 m.
uncoordinated, be uncoupled
confidant, trusted person
1
khvr f. 1 heavy labor; physical work to toil,
khmakh h
tire out by one's labor 2 dialect work He
1 khn 1 literate 2 singing
found good work. 3 poverty, destitution; lack of means; extreme
2 khn m. khnch f. tray
need, want idiom This journey was very
khnakh h
exhausting.
khndn m. singing
2
khv ri feminine plural of 1
321
1
khnand to teach reading and writing to khu m. boiling, the action of boiling
eliminate illiteracy to learn to read and khob d m. hernia
write, become literate to become literate khokhuj f. bowling (the game)
khnand songsters (of birds)
2
khukh m. toad
khv-u-khtr m. memory to remember khukj m.
khv-o-sh Eastern around, khukedl intransitive [past: ] regional to boil;
about boil up
1
khh 1 combining form wishing, desiring well- khuavl transitive [past: ] 1 to bring to a boil,
wisher 2 conjunction though, let both and ; boil; cook by boiling to boil eggs 2 to pour boiling
both in the city and in the country water upon 3 figurative to anger
2 khv f. archaeology khva kha f. anatomy male child's sexual organ
khhsh m. [plural: khhishna Arabic plural: khuh r m. action of boiling or boiling over
khhish t] wish, desire; request in khoj small
accordance with someone's wish or request khuedl intransitive [past: ]1 to boil, cook by
khhishmnd 1 wishing, having
khhishmn boiling 2 to anger; get angry He got angry. He
the wish, having the desire He wants to flew into a rage. Anger shook him. Anger
come here. 2 m. interested party seized him.
khmakh willy-nilly; inevitable; without fail khodzhk the Khodjak Pass (south of
Eastern Whether I wanted to or not, I had to go to the Kandahar)
city. khodzh m. 2
khvjkhaj m. vengeance, revenge khcha
1 knob m. 1 sleep uneasy sleep khvadznd starting, moving; oscillating
sleepy eyes bedroom bed khvadzndka m. insect; small insect; mite
cloths to put to sleep, lull; inspire sleep, plunge into khvadzndj
sleep He is dozing. I can't sleep. khvadzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to move, shift
to dream to sleep vi he is dozing; he to move troops 2 to shake, oscillate, sway, flap,
wants to sleep ! Wake up! Awake! flutter The wind shook the window
She was in a profound sleep. to curtains. 3 to cause to shake, shake 4 to send, dispatch 5 to put
be deep in sleep proverb "The in motion, turn on (i.e., motor) 6 to agitate to cause
thirsty man dreams of a lake 2 dream day dream cardiac disturbance a to move, stir, budge b to collect,
2 khub poetry good assemble; be concerned with collections passive to be
khub f. dear, beloved put in motion; be started up (e.g., a motor)
khub n f. plural beauties khvadzavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m.
khubnj f. sweet dried apricot figurative motivating force; source
khubi f. 1 beauty 2 advantage, superiority khvadzedl intransitive [present: past:
khobdzhn sleepy, somnolent; drowsy ]1 to move, budge He is
khbdzj m. lodging for the night fidgeting in his seat. 2 to shake, oscillate, sway, flap, flutter 3 to
khubrj 1 handsome 2 m. handsome man, Adonis proceed, set out, depart 4 to operate, work (e.g., a motor) 5 to
khubrja 1 beautiful 2 f. a beauty worry 6 to develop (e.g., of a culture) 7 grammar to have a
khubsurt beautiful diacritical mark, have a vowel sign
khob-u-khj l m. dreams, daydreams khvadzedna f. khvadzed m. plural 1 motion,
khobavlaj Eastern sleeping I had a nap. I movement I can't move; I can budge
dozed off. neither hand or foot. 2 oscillation, swaying, fluttering 3 setting
khub f. 1 beauty 2 advantage, superiority 3 something out, departure, exit 4 operation (of a motor) 5 worry 6
pleasant 4 good idiom excellently, in superior development (e.g., of a culture)
fashion khuts m. khutskj m.
khobjlj dialect sleeping; sleepy khutsavl transitive 1
khup m. 1 sultriness 2 fog khuts f. crack
khot imperfect of
322
khutsedl intransitive [past: ] 1 2 to khudk r self-acting; automatic

bubble up; boil khudk m undisciplined; wilful; headstrong
khud 1 combining form self self-determination khudkm f. indiscipline, lack of discipline; willfulness;
self-love, egotism 2 pronoun self, oneself self-will
to come to oneself, regain consciousness 3 therefore 4 particle khudkard home-made
but or so therefore khudmukht r independent; self-governing, autonomous
khudikhtijr 1 independent 2 regional of age khudnum vain
khudikhtijr f. 1 independence 2 regional majority khudnum f. vanity
(i.e., being of age) khud f. 1 pride; vanity 2 individuality, peculiarity
khudr 1 well-dressed, smart 2 arrogant 1 khor f. [plural: khvndi Eastern plural:
khudirdijt m. self-determination right of khvnde] sister foster sister idiom
self-determination
khudi'timad f. regional self-assurance
khudbakhd unintentionally, of itself 2 khvar m. 1 crust, peel, rind; skin (fruit) to peel; take
khudbn self-assured, self-reliant; vainglorious; haughty the skin off 2 scab to come off (scab) covered
khubin f. self-assurance, self-reliance; vaingloriousness; with scabs to tan a skin 3 scales, scale (fish, etc.)
haughtiness idiom to moult, shed (of animals)
khudparst m. egotist, egoist to display 3 khor
egotism 4 khur present stem of
khudparast f. egotism, self-love 5 khr combining form eating something up, making use of
khudpasnd something, eating or corroding something eaten by rust
khudpasand f. heir bribe-taker
khudpkhda khvar khvr very, highly; exceedingly very little
khudkhh egotistical, egotistic egotist, egoist The summer in these provinces is
khuddrn 1 careful, cautious 2 reserved, restrained very hot. This is a very good book.
to greet someone in a restrained manner The northernmost point.
khuddr f. abstinence; evasion, digression khur f. leprosy
to abstain from, evade something, avoid something khvar k khor k m. 1 food, nourishment, victuals
khudrj 1 obstinate; willful; headstrong 2 self-confident, foodstuffs, food products dietetic food
having a high opinion of oneself Eastern food and drink staple food (i.e., rice) 2
khudr f. 1 obstinance; self-will 2 self-assurance, self- eating; drinking; ingesting food tea drinking
importance khork f. food, victuals, fodder food
khudrng 1 natural, having its natural color (of hair, etc.) 2 products, foodstuffs, comestibles
fast, stable (of dyestuff) idiom fountain pen khorkab b m. 1 eating, food consumption 2 food
khudr khudrj wild (of plants) products
khudru f. growth under natural condition 1 khork khvark adjective 1 nourishing; edible; food
khudskht forced, affected with forced food products, comestibles, victuals
composure food industry 2 fodder 3 provision, food
khudsit j 2 khork plural of
khudsita f. khurdzhn m. saddlebag
khudsr wilful; stubborn khurdzhna f. padded hat, quilted cap
khudsarn wilfully khurdz khurdz f. [plural: khurdz plural:
khudsra khurdzijni] niece (sister's daughter)
khudsar f. 1 arbitrariness khorkhl m. khorkhvl m.
khudhka khudhka really and truly; in very truth khurd 1 little, small; paltry, insignificant 2 m. khurd (a
khudgharz 1 self-interested, mercenary-minded 2 measure of weight equivalent to a fourth of a pound or 110 grams)
interested (in) khurdabn petty; captious; pedantic
khudgharaz f. 1 cupidity, profit 2 interest (in) khurdabin f. pettiness; captiousness; pedantry
They are biassed. khurdafarsh m. retail merchant
323
khurdafarosh f. retail trade to conduct khuska f.

retail trade khval 1 transitive [present: past: ] .1 to eat,
khvrk m. take (something, some food); eat a little to eat; dine
khorka f. little sister, sis to entertain, treat someone 1.2 to drink to
1 khorak 1 food products, foodstuffs drink tea to drink wine 1.3 to take (medicine) 1.4 to
2 khorakj f. little sister, sis bite; to sting 1.5 to pierce, transfix (with an arrow) 1.6 to
khorlnda f. khorla 1 tribes-woman 2 fellow- appropriate (the property of another) 1.7 to take money, accept
tribes woman (so the members of the clan call a young woman money (as a bribe) 1.8 to suffer (defeat, etc.) to
who marries into another clan or tribe) suffer defeat 1.9 to take, swear (an oath) to take an
1 khurm khorm f. fuzz (on the chin, face) oath, swear 1.10 to hit against, hurt oneself 1.11 regional to
2 khrma f. 1 cloudburst, downpour 2 pimples (on the face) test, subject to a test 1.12 to receive (a shock, a flow) 2 m.
khurand m. 1 (big) eater 2 glutton plural .1 food, nourishment, edibles
khvarna f. Eastern nutriment, food products 2.2 taking (of medicine) 2.3 biting 2.4
1 khuravl khoravl causative form of [ past: appropriation (of the property of another) idiom to dive
]1 to feed 2 to entertain, treat khvandzaj m. dining room, refectory
He entertained me well. khvng m. food, nourishment
2 khvaravl denominative, transitive khva oblique plural of 1
khvarn m. Eastern 1 development khvaodz j m.
development of literature 2 intensification khvankaj vicious dog
because of the twilight khvani m. plural foodstuffs
khor-vr Eastern khvar-var f. m. [plural: 1 khva f. 1 sandy bottom (of a river, ravine) 2 dry stream,
khvr-vr f. plural: khvar-var] 1 spread arroyo 3 alluvium, drift
about; scattered 2 dispersed 2
khva f. 1 offering, gift (to a mullah, etc.) 2 refreshments
1
khur f. 1 rust 2 gangrene; ulcer 3 corrosive substance sent to the bride by the fianc 3 refreshments served in connection
(e.g., acid) with a betrothal wedding feast 4 pension 5 dialect food
khvar feminine singular of
2 3
for servants
khurh r m. snore, snoring khun r m. 2
khorajaj m. khvaamshr m. one of the masters-of-ceremony at a
1 khavrj m. 1 pit from which clay is removed or taken; wedding feast
quarry 2 origin, provenance khvaav l m. participant at a wedding feast
2 khor f. the relations or relationship of sisters khvin khun 1 boiled soft; overcooked kasha
3 khori vocative of 1 boiled soft overcooked meat 2 overripe; soft, mushy
4 khavrj f. lum idiom to give heat (of fruits, vegetables) 3 soft, friable
khor combining form conoisseurship khun-pin 1 boiled very soft 2 overripe
1 khvaredl intransitive Eastern khvintb khuintb m. khvinv laj
2 khuredl intransitive dialect [past: ]1 to treat khuinv laj m. 1 state of being boiled soft; state of being
oneself (to); regale oneself (with) 2 to eat, feed overcooked 2 overripeness 3 softness, friability
khvared m. plural Eastern disintegration, breakdown; khvinavl khuinavl denominative, transitive [past:
decomposition ] 1 to boil soft; overcook 2 to soften, make friable
khavrin khurin khvinedl khuinedl denominative, intransitive [past:
khkoring f. 1 betrothed sister 2 female friend, girl friend ] 1 to boil soft; overcook 2 to over ripen; soften, get
(of women) mushy (of fruits, vegetables) 3 to become soft, become friable;
khoringj f. 1 friendship among women 2 diminutive of make soft The soil became soft.
woman-friend khvazavl transitive Eastern
khvrajj khorajaj m. [plural: khvrajna khvazedl intransitive Eastern
plural: khoraj n] nephew (son of one's sister) 1 khug khvg 1 m. pain, ache headache
1
khva m. 1 ravine, gully; hollow 2 brook despite the pain 2 predicative & attributive painful (of a part of
2
khu m. 2
the body) My right hand hurts.
kho imperfect of
324
painful place; an injury idiom with great effort, with khuskj m. 1 khusj m. calf
strain, with stress 2 khusj m. game in which the player stands on one leg and
2
khog
khvag f. m. [plural: khvg f. plural: attempts to overthrow one another
khvag ] 1 sweet 2 tasty 3 pleasant melodious voice, khush 1.1 good, pleasant 1.2 joyous, merry
pleasant voice 4 intimate (of friends) This is an joyous, merry 2 combining form good, pleasant content,
interesting story. Dear sister! joyful
khogtb m. khogtj f. khushta m. flatterer; toady
khogalraj
sweet-sour; rather sour khushakhl virtuous, moral
khug m m. jasmine khushakhl f. virtue; morality
khugm n khvgm n khugmnd
1 suffering, grieving khush l
2 empathetic; sympathetic He is khushlavl denominative, transitive
responsive to the misfortunes of others. khushl f.
khushledl denominative, intransitive
khugmnav l denominative, transitive [past: ] khushmd m. 1 flattery; toadying to flatter,
to make suffer, torture toady (to) 2 to compliment
khugmned
l denominative, intransitive [past: ] khushamdgr m. [plural: khushamadgr]
to suffer; grieve (for) flatterer; toady
khogv
laj m. 1 sweetness, sweet taste 2 euphoniousness khushmand f. plural flattery; toadying
3 intimacy (of friends) to flatter someone; toady to someone
knvagobj
m. 1 sherbet 2 syrup khushnd m shapely, well-formed
khvagka
f. 1 relish, condiment 2 hors d'oeuvre khushv z possessing a good voice, having a pleasant
khvagav
1
l denominative, transitive [past:
l khogav voice; mellifluous, melodious; tuneful
]1 to make sweet, sweeten 2 to delight someone, give khushvz f. possession of a good voice; mellifluence,
someone pleasure or enjoyment melodiousness; tunefulness
2
l denominative, transitive [past:
khugav ] to khushjnd 1 favorable 2 pleasant
wound; injure; cripple pleasant memories
khvag 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. candy, sweet, sweet khushj khush plural of
dish khushbkht happy, successful ... We are
khvagakj
sweetish happy that
khvagalraj khushbakhtn fortunately
khvagavl
m. sweets seller khushbakht f. happiness, luck, good fortune
khvag-v
la f. botany liquorice khushb khushbj khushbja aromatic,
khvag feminine plural of 2 sweet-smelling, perfumed
1 khvaged l denominative, intransitive [past:
l khoged khushbu f. scent, fragrance, pleasant odor
]1 to be sweet; be sweetened 2 to receive, get pleasure, get khushbaj n eloquent
enjoyment 3 to be near, be dear (to); become close friends (with) khushbn m. optimist
2 khvuged l denominative, intransitive [past:
l khvged khushbin f. optimism
]to injure oneself; hurt oneself; become crippled khushposh k well-dressed
1 khvaged
m. plural 1 sweetness 2 sweetening khusht dialect
khuged
2
m. plural pain, ache headache khushtarkb 1 good looking, pleasing to the sight 2
khus well-formed
khusan m. septic field, septic tank, sewage disposal pit khushh l 1.1 content; joyous, merry; happy
khus vzha f. kind of ferule (group of herbs related to I am glad to see you here. 1.2 lively, animated 2 m.
parsley) proper name Khushhal'
khost m. Khost (district in Pakhti province and an area in khushhltj f.
northeast Afghanistan) khushhlavl denominative, transitive [past:
khostv l m. inhabitant of Khost, Khostian ]to cheer, gladden to take comfort (in),
khostj 1 Khostic, relating to Khost dagger from rejoice (in)
Khost 2 m.
325
khushhl f. 1 gladness; merriment; pleasure ... 1 khushi f. 1

I am delighted that It is gratifying that 2 2 khshi khshe indeclinable 1.1 deserted, unpopulated
liveliness deserted, empty house 1.2 fired, discharged (of a shot)
khushhledl denominative, intransitive [past: 1.3 master less, without supervision (of cattle) a to
]to rejoice in, enjoy oneself My spirit discharge, fire (a shot) b to let go, release c to cede, yield (to)
rejoices. d to liberate (territory) to be let go, be
khushkhabark m. magpie (the bird) released, be discharged 1.4 useless, in vain; futile
khushkhabar f. glad news idleness idle chatter; empty talk; nonsense
khushkhtaj khushkhttaj m. khushkht to ramble on, talk nonsense, talk rubbish 1.5 crazy, deranged 2
khushkhtt m. calligrapher to waste one's
in vain, without effect, to no avail
khushkhlk easy to get along with; of good character time Our efforts were useless.
khushkh n tuneful, harmonious, melodious idiom to fix one's gaze, regard, stare fixedly
khushkhn f. 1 tunefulness; harmoniousness, 3 khush f. Khushi (district, Logar Province)
melodiousness 2 pleasant singing (of birds) khshe-p-khushe easily, without the slightest
khushkhr 1 loving to eat well 2 m. gourmand difficulty
khushkhor f. gourmandise khvah 1 pleasant, nice, good 2 pleasing; preferred; desired
khushkhj I like that book. I like
khushdl merry, joyful, full of joie de vivre apples. 3 content, satisfied, glad ) ( Are you
khushdkht well-tailored satisfied with me?
khushrng beautiful; beautiful in color, of a beautiful khvahv imperfect of
coloration (cloth); beautifully feathered (bird) khuht dialect
khushsulk civil, affable, well-mannered khvahtj f. 1 gladness, joy, delight 2 pleasure, satisfaction
khushsuluk f. civility, affability, courtesy khvahmn wanting something, desirous of something
khushsuhbta sociable khvahn content, satisfied
khushtb' merry, full of joie-de-vivre khvahv laj m.
khushtab'i merriment, joie-de-vivre khvahavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
to joke with someone approve I don't like this room.
khushismat happy He has agreed to this. 2 to prefer, choose 3 to love, like
khushismat f. happiness, success something
khushakj m. loafer, idler khvahavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m.
khushguzar n 1 living for one's own pleasure 2 m. bon- supported, adherent, advocate
vivant, playboy 1 khvha f. 1 desire; wish willingly, voluntarily
khushguzarn f. 1 life for one's own pleasure 2 in accordance with one's own desire
merriment, entertainment merry songs I will carry out your wish. Do
khushg khushgj eloquent you wish to drink tea with me? He is free to
khushlib s well-dressed, smart do as he wishes. 2 will As you please!
khushmaz 1 tasty, tasteful 2 interesting, attractive to define one's own position, decide one's
khushnam khushnum 1 beautiful; pleasant, pleasing 2 own fate
nicely put-together 2 khvha feminine singular of
khushnavs m. calligrapher 3 kho h all right, good, very well, O.K.
khushnavis f. calligraphy 1 khvah f. joy, gladness, pleasure
khushvt joyful; happy I am delighted to note that to transmit
khushj m. [plural: khush plural: glad tidings to someone to rejoice, make merry
khushj] maure; dung to spoil someone's pleasure to express joy,
khos f. 1 ear, spike (e.g., of wheat) 2 cluster, bunch pleasure He agreed to this very
khoshachn m. person who gathers ears or spikes of grain willingly.
(after the harvest); gleaner 2
khuhj m. expenses for the wedding paid for by the
khushhav 1 having good air; sweet-smelling 2 having a groom's family; foodstuffs for the wedding feast delivered by the
good and healthful climate groom's family to the bride's home
326
khvahedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to speak without inhibition to query,

like I liked that film. I like make inquiries about, try to find out a to be
to walk. I like walks. 2 to be content; to rejoice startled, be rooted to the ground b to repent of
Your arrival delighted me. idiom I shall to reject something, give something up He died.
be very grateful to you. ! curse May you drop dead!
khuhna khohna f. sister-in-law My (his etc.) mouth is watering. to
khauf khof m. Arabic fear, terror speak, utter a word
khaufn k khofn k dangerous; frightful, terrible to quarrel, have strong words with someone
1 khug m. boar, wild boar; pig Eastern He is a crybaby. He is constantly howling (of a child)
2 khug m. Eastern 1 a to compel silence, shut someone up b to give a bribe,
3 khog Eastern 2 buy (person) to smack the lips to begin
khugln m. smouldering flame or fire to speak, start to utter a word Eastern to ask for
1 khugji m. plural Khugiani (tribe) 2 khugjj m. mercy to be surprised, be astounded
Khugiani (tribesman) He was astounded. He was thunderstruck
1
khol m. 1 helmet helmet 2 sheath, case, holster (of a to open, open wide the mouth b to begin to speak, start
a firearm) 3 casing (cartridge) to speak When we
2 khol m. light autumn frosts break the fast (i.e., when Ramadan comes), we will go to
khulbraj m. stopper; plug Kandahar. Death also threatens
khulbl broken up; minced; ground to break, them. to speak He didn't say a
break up; grind; mince to be broken up, be minced, be word. Eastern saying literal The eyes
ground are ashamed as the mouth eats. to give sweets, treat
khulpaj 1 keeping silent 2 m. .1 damper, oven door 2.2 to dessert compound verb a to tell off b to force to
lid teapot lid admit one's guilt a he liked this b He dared. He
khulgj f. diminutive 1 mouth 2 kiss (on the mouth) became bolder. a He (she, etc.) speaks
kiss ! Kiss me! ceaselessly. b He (she, etc.) speaks inappropriately.
khvlm stained, soiled He can't wait; he wants to eat. He
khvaln sweaty wouldn't say no to a melon. All were of one mind.
khvalv haj m. string, twine; cord Historians do not have a
khulvandj m. single view of this problem. Eastern He is
1 khul khvl khul Eastern khol f. 1 mouth; lips; jaws, not talkative. to chatter without a let up
maw (animal) oral cavity Shut your Eastern He decided to speak. Eastern to hold
mouth! My lips have become chapped. 2 opening, back Don't rattle on so! a to
mouth (of a mine, a ravine, etc.) 3 crater (of a volcano) 4 rims lie, prevaricate b to talk more than necessary a to
(of table vessels, dishes) brimful 5 neck (of a speak the truth b to speak appropriately or aptly
vessel) 6 muzzle (of a gun); barrel 7 point, edge (of a knife, etc.) Eastern He uses foul language. He swears.
the knife has become dull 8 cuff; (coat, jacket) Eastern He was dumbfounded. a to blurt out a
cuff cuff; (coat, jacket) cuff 9 poetry mouth, lips secret, blab b to content oneself (with), to be satisfied
from mouth to mouth to beg of, try to get someone to do something
Everyone is talking about this. This is on everyone's lips. to talk, speak, converse with someone a
In such a case I will speak. I heard b to be silent to spread, flair up (of an epidemic)
it from the khan. I heard it from the lips of the khan. a to use foul language b to take an oath
saying literal One's mouth is both a stronghold and a to smile to smile broadly a to fall silent,
misfortune. figurative My tongue is my own worst enemy. 10 be silent b to abstain (from eating); be on a diet
said, expressed by someone He to live in poverty, starve a to speak indecently b to
never believed what his brother said. from the swear, curse to get lost, get confused a
words of strangers 11 kiss to kiss to kiss to die ! That thou mayest die! b Eastern to be
(i.e., exchange kisses) a to attack someone with thunderstruck to request something
invective or curses b to be given to biting (e.g., of a horse) a to try to get something b to make a request, intercede
a to talk to no purpose b to be cheeky c to for someone to beg, cadge
327
to give a bribe, suborn to rudely interrupt, waves. Eastern proverb Your eyes are
interrupt someone to fall silent, become silent bigger than your stomach. proverb literal
a to smirk stupidly; show the teeth b poor mouths, rich words figurative He's a braggart.
to be reproached c to bite the tongue I spoke proverb literal He speaks sweet words, but his heart is
about this many times. It bores me to have to speak about this. crooked. figurative the mailed fist in a velvet glove
a to try with all one's might b to be greedy proverb A Moslem in speech, but a kafir (i.e.,
to keep a secret, hold one's tongue to fail to unbeliever, infidel) at heart.
mention, omit mention of something Eastern proverb The rich man has many hangers-
to shut up, compel to be silent to call someone on; the beauty has many suitors.
loudly to ask loudly, ask at the top of one's 2
khval khvl f. usually plural khval sweat,
voice to regret, deplore something perspiration to sweat, perspire
to compose, invent or make up something for the purpose of The patient was covered in perspiration
self-justification Eastern I can't make up my to make to sweat freely to thrust (alternately)
mind. to decide to say something into heat and cold He works by the sweat
You have not spoken, as I already of his brow.
guessed. Eastern He is very able. He is very 3 khvla f. 1
imaginative. a to disgrace oneself b to khulavr khvlavr eloquent; sharp-tongued
grow poor, fall into need, become destitute; to starve 1 khvalj f. 1 hat; skullcap; cap; headgear gold-
to reach an understanding, see eye to eye with someone embroidered skullcap 2 technology cowl, cowling
to obey someone, follow someone's advice 2 khul plural of 1
Don't believe him. 3 khval plural of 2
Eastern I am in his power. I depend upon him. khuledl intransitive [past: ] to press down, squeeze;
a to remember someone's words b to speak lucidly c to press down
interfere in another's quarrel He does not obey khvaljvl m. 1 hatter, hat-maker 2 man wearing a
me. Eastern He dumps his guilt on me. skullcap
to transmit orally, communicate khum m. idiom false rumor set in motion
to interrupt someone, interrupt someone's speech khum r m. idiom not to care
to speak well of someone to receive less, to be bothered in no way (by some matter)
more than is due to speak more than necessary, 1 khumr m. plural peach, peaches
not to know how to hold one's tongue crowded, 2 khumr f.
chock-a-block a to grow weak b to khumrj f. 1 clay jar, clay jug 2 pail
become destitute, fall into need khmhaj m. dusty, hot day
to be silent, fall silent to await instructions from 1 khun m. 1 blood 2 murder, bloodshed to spill
someone Eastern I don't agree with blood, commit murder idiom khn-i to overtax
them at all. He is a poor orator. oneself in working
Eastern to fantasize, dream; build castles in the air 2 khuvn
to blurt out; say too much to escape khun b m. poetry bloody tears
one's lips (a word) to ask someone a khunna f. ferocity; bloodthirstiness
question Eastern This is no joke. This is not khon m. angina
a joking matter. affected smile, affected laugh khunlud bloodstained, bloody
to be friendly with someone on the surface; be khunbah f. wergeld, payment (to a clan, family, etc.) in
insincere He wags his tongue. He's a compensation for a death
talker. He is immoderate in his demands. khundzh a f. 2
Take care, don't let the cat out the bag! khundkh r 1 bloodthirsty 2 cruel, savage
He is rude. to escape the lips (of khunkhr f. 1 bloodthirstiness 2 cruelty, ferocity,
a word) This word has already been savagery
forgotten. ! Eastern Hold your tongue! khvand m. taste good taste, pleasant taste
saying He's cheeky. He doesn't restrain himself. tasty, pleasant a to taste, try b to be to the taste, please
proverb The words of man are like the ocean It's so pleasant when
328
That film
I liked your book very much. khunn 2 1
has no appeal. a to taste good 1 khvaj m. 1 wooden spade 2 wedding
These grapes are very tasty. b to be interesting, excellent 2 khoj m. personality, character personality,
to enjoy, revel in something to eat character
with pleasure idiom a pleasant place khvid m. green forage, fodder
khund r 1 full-blooded 2 m. .1 man engaged in kheh m.
obtaining vengeance for the murder of a relative, avenger of a 1 khojavl [past: ] transitive to cause
family murder 2.2 avenger inflammation, give rise to suppuration
khvandn khvandn k khvandnj 2 khvajavl transitive Eastern
khvandavr 1 tasty, tasteful, pleasant 2 interesting 1 khojedl intransitive [past: ]to suppurate, become
interesting discussion inflamed
khvandavl transitive [past: ] to delight 2 khvaedl intransitive Eastern
1 khvndi plural of 1 1 khe f. the name for the letter
2 1 khund m. plural Khundi (tribe) 2 khundj m. 2 khe getting down and remaining on the knees (of a camel)
Khundaj (tribesman) to get down and stay on the knees (of a camel); kneel
3
khvand defended; guarded; protected a to keep to be kneeling (of a camel)
(i.e., a secret) b to watch over, guard (a flock, herd, crops) c to 3
khj children's speech No, no! Nasty!, Don't touch!, Don't
safeguard (health, honor) a to be safeguarded (e.g., a eat!
secret) b to be kept safe, watched over (flock, herd, crops) c to be khib n m. 1 avenue, pathway (in a garden) 2 flower-bed
safeguarded (health) 1 khi r m. cucumber
4 khwand stl computer science save 2 khij r m. Arabic right to vote; choice; judgment
khvanditb m. safety; preservation khjst m.
khvandedl intransitive [past: ] a
khaj t m. Arabic tailor tailor's shop
He liked this. b He dared. He became more bold.
khajtkhn f. Arabic tailor's shop, tailor's workshop
khvandiv laj m. khaj ta f. seamstress, dressmaker
khudrz m. cut-throat; murderer khajt f. tailoring, tailor's work to do tailoring,
work as a tailor
khunrez f. bloodshed; slaughter to spill blood,
slay, murder
khj l khaj l m. Arabic [plural: khjlna plural:
khajlna Arabic plural: khajl t] 1 thought, meditation,
khunaj 1.1 sanguinary, bloody 1.2 heavy (of losses) 1.3
bloodthirsty 1.4 bad, rotten; dangerous; threatening 2 m.
idea, concept I think, I suppose I
murderer
think that He was deeply pensive.
khunsrd 1 cold-blooded, calm 2 indifferent,
Such an idea arose in the
minds of many people. She thought of her
unconcerned
daughters. to think of something 2 opinion (
khunsrda cold-blooded animals
khunsard f. 1 calm to lose )in my opinion ... The general
opinion is as follows disagreement ...
self-control 2 indifference, unconcernedness
khunk r m. murderer
a They think that b Their opinion is as follows
khungrm ardent, hotheaded (of a person)
to express an opinion I am of that
opinion too. to exchange opinions 3
1 khna f. 1 house May your house prosper! 2
imagination, notion, concept to suppose, imagine ...
room bedroom vestibule; reception
room, waiting room 3 drawer (of a desk, cabinet) 4 figurative
It appeared to him, It seemed to him that 4
dream revery; fantasy He dreamed of
building, system
Shamayle. 5 supposition; intention
2 khavn m. plural khavna f. olive tree
I intend to go to Kandahar. to mean to, decide to do
1 khunj m. 1 strewing or sprinkling the newlyweds (with
something ! Don't think it over! 6 attention
flowers, etc. at the wedding) 2 gift (to the betrothed couple or to
newlyweds)
a to memorize b to be attentive 7 mood 8 whim,
fancy 9 reflection 10 anxiety 11 khajl pride, creation of self-
2
khun 1.1 bloody, bloodstained 1.2 sanguinary (of a battle,
esteem 12 khajl ghost; apparition 13 khajl decoration
etc.) 2 m. murder
khajlparst m. dreamer, visionary
329
khajlparast f. fantasizing Glad you're here! Where are you going now?
khjlmn 1 willful 2 coquettish 3 imaginary; fantastical idiom ! If it doesn't work out it's no great pity!
khjl Oh my beloved! Oh my dream!, My dear! 2 khir 1 furious 2 obstinate
khjaltkaj flirtatious khajr t m. Arabic 1 matters pleasing to God! 2 good deeds,
khjlavr 1 dressing in the latest style; fashionably up-to-date philanthropy; charity (usually distributed at funerals) to
2 dressed up do good deeds, perform philanthropy; distribute alms (usually at
1
khajl Arabic 1 imaginary, fictive 2 fantastic funerals) 3 tip, gratuity
the world of dreams of fancies )( to build khajrtkh r m. khajratkhr m. person receiving
castles in the air, fantasize 3 proud, haughty; romantic voluntary contributions (e.g., a clergyman)
2 khjlj m. proper name Khialaj khajratvl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
3 khjlj f. 1 dear, beloved 2 proper name Khiali sacrifice (a sheep, bull, etc.); distribute alms (usually at funerals)
khajj m m. Arabic 1 tentmaker 2 Omar Khayyam khajrt 1 designated for distribution in the form of charity 2
khijnt khajnt m. Arabic 1 treason, perfidy, betrayal regional charitable, philanthropic hospital for the
adultery to behave perfidiously poor (supported by donations)
with someone; betray someone 2 misappropriation khajrtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a to misappropriate property held in trust b to be sacrificed (of sheep, a bull, etc.) 2 distributed in the form of
abuse another's trust alms (usually at funerals)
khajbr m. 1 Khyber (pass) the Khyber khirakhlnaj easily soiled
Pass the Khyber Mountains 2 history Khyber kherz
(settlement in Arabia) khajruddn m. Arabic proper name Khajruddin
khajbar 1 adjective Khyber 2 m. inhabitant of the Khyber khajrull m. Arabic proper name Khajrulla
Gorge khajrndesh f. good intentions; benevolence; benevolent
khit turbid attitude; friendship
khta f. line mark straight line dotted line kherdztb m. shame; embarrassment; bashfulness
khe 1.1 big-bellied, pot-bellied 1.2 gluttonous 2 m. person kherdz bashful; ashamed to embarrass; shame
having a paunch to be embarrassed; be ashamed
kheavr 1 khajrkh h 1.1 benevolent, kindly 1.2 kindhearted 2 m.
kha f. 1 belly, paunch, tummy to eat philanthropist; well-wisher
one's fill 2 hold (of a ship) idiom to interrupt, khajrkhh f. 1 benevolent attitudes 2 kindly feelings
break in on someone's words a to put forcibly khajrk m. diminutive of 1 1.4
down b to put down, subordinate a to be put khajrmuhammd m. personal name Khajr-Muhammed
down forcibly b to be suppressed, be subordinated khirn 1 dirty, soiled; slovenly 2 figurative base
kheavr 1 khirnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to soil,
khedzh Eastern present stem of make dirty
khedzhavl transitive Eastern khirnedl denominative to be soiled, become dirty
khichn 1 khajr diminutive affectionate of
khid m. Eastern 2 khajr f. 2
khajdk m. 1 yogurt; curdled soured milk 2 cheese in molds 1 khra f. 1 dirt, mud ear-wax 2 slag, dross
1 khajr Eastern kher Arabic 1 m. [plural: akhj r] .1 idiom to make amends for an injury which
good, blessing, good deed, boon good and evil 1.2 has been inflicted
well-being well, prosperously ! I wish you 2 kher f. Eastern
prosperity! I wish you success! ! ! I wish you 3 khjra oblique singular of 1
prosperity. I wish you all the best. to wish 4 khir dim, bull; blinded
someone prosperity, wish someone all the best all will 1 khirj m. Eastern 1
be well, all will end up all right khjr-i to wish 2 khajr m. mallow gl-i mallow
someone a happy trip 1.3 alms, charity to ask for 3 khajr Arabic charitable, philanthropic
alms, ask for charity 1.4 used in proper names Khajr- 4 khjri vice regional if all goes successfully
Muhammed 2 particle So be it!, O.k.!, Let it be! ! O.k.! 5 kher plural of 2
All right! 3 combining form well idiom ! Welcome!,
330
khajrijt m. Arabic 1 good, good deed; well doing 2 well- 2 khjl transitive Eastern
being a good, the good, blessing b well-being khelkhn f. 1 clan; tribe 2 dynasty
khajrija m. Arabic charitable charitable khel f. 1 nonsense 2 empty, void, worthless
institution khelakhnd empty, void, worthless
khez m. jumping, leaping a to leap up; jump up, bob up khelakhand f. nonsense, rubbish, idle talk
and down b to fall upon, go for to leap, jump khim 1 frozen 2 thick
idiom in a flash idiom The river khem khajm f. tent, marquee, pavilion to pitch a
bore its water along headlong. tent figurative to jump (behind, onto), run up
khez n jumping up, leaping up and down, hopping khnj f. 1 small fry 2 act of climbing a tree (by the method
khezsh m. upward flight, ascent runway of clasping the arms around the trunk and pressing the chest
khezh present stem of thereto)
khezhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to raise, raise khindzh spoiled, bad
slightly to hang someone 2 to help to climb khing 1
up (e.g., in a tree) 3 to raise (prices) khingtj f.
khig m. [plural: khigna
plural: khig n] scab khingavl denominative, transitive
to be covered with scabs idiom mortal insults khingedl denominative, intransitive
khig n covered with scabs khno vice dialect all right, very well (qualified
khegn m. Himalayan cedar concession)
kheshv f. weeding khja vice dialect good, very well
khisht khisht f. m. [plural: khisht f. plural:
khisht] wet, moist, raw
khisht-pisht wet through; soaking wet
khishtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 1
dl the thirteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet; the number 4 in
wet; dampen; soak the abjad system
1 khisht masculine plural of 2
d, da dialect di prepositon 1 of (or similar possessive used for
2 khisht 1 feminine singular of 2 f. snails expressing belonging, relationship to someone or something)
khishtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to father's house friend's brother aroma of
become wet, become soaked; get wet flowers 2 measure (or similar used in the meaning of a measure or
kheshk 1 m. plural Kheshki (tribe) 2 kheshkj m. portion of same substance) a a cup of tea b tea cup 3
Kheshkaj (tribesman) from, at (or similar usually in combination with the postposition
kheshm m. nasal cartilage Eastern expressing origin from the house
kheshumm linguistics nasal from the market from the tailor's 4 for,
kheh m. relative, relation for the sake of (or similar used in combination with the
khehv la f. 1 postposition ) for the work 5 Eastern than (or
1 khha f. female relative, female relation similar used in combination with the postposition when
2 khih f. comparing) Bazgul is older than everyone 6
1 kheh f. relationship, relationship by marriage Eastern under (used in combination with below
to be a relative something, from beneath something) under the table 7
khhi plural of 1 with, together with, jointly with (or similar used with for
1 khik m. khig m. large inflated skin (used for fording expressing commonality) with brother, together with
streams) brother 8 used in combination with nouns expresses qualitative
2 khig m. Eastern and relative adjectives tasty wintry
3 khig m. mountainous, wild 9 forms compound prepositions and adverbs
khigj m. skin bag, skin bottle a outside, outwardly b on the outside a for;
1 khel m. 1 Khel (tribal subdivision), clan; extended family; for the sake of, because of b on, etc. history book
used as a compounding element in tribal names the Eastern Then he started talking about going to
Sulejmankhejli tribe 2 used in geographic names the movies. He knocked him to the ground.
Mashukhel (settlement in southern Afghanistan) 3 history cavalry 3 di pronoun 3
squadron 4 di particle 4
331
d pronoun oblique of 1 demonstrative a this, these part of something idiom to be busy with some
this house this woman these books work; get down to work
in this house b with words of feminine gender occasionally 1
dd m. 1 scream, shout for help to help
not inflected in this room c substantive this, that someone 2 complaint; demand for justice; request for fairness
what is that? d in complex sentences may replace the give someone his due
subject in the second clause In 2
dd m. gift, present; kindness, favor compound verb to
summer the weather is warm, but in winter it is cold 2 personal give, present
pronoun, third person singular, feminine she, it 3 d d m. suffix used in proper names Sakhidad
Where is she going? What is she doing? ... 1 dd m. 1 father compound verb to become a father
however, the point is that ... besides (that), in 2 dialect older brother
addition (to that), furthermore and what's more; besides 2 dd f. diminutive sis, sister
(that) to be brief, in short otherwise, in the ddtb m. fatherhood, paternity
contrary case or else; or, otherwise it may dddzh m. regional, slang 1 father, daddy 2 my good
happen, it's possible There it is! Well, I fellow (in addressing an old friend familiarly)
have come. Here's why. Eastern a therefore ddkh h 1 m. plaintiff 2 demanding justice
b exactly ddkhh f. 1 request for help 2 demand for justice,
db m. Arabic 1 wooden axle (a simple mechanism with a demand for fairness compound verb to demand
wheel for lifting water from a reservoir for irrigating small fields) justice, appeal for fairness
2 custom; established ways 3 situation; condition ddrs m. rescuer, savior; intercessor
dbsh m. foreman ddras f. 1 justice 2 support, intercession
1 db f. Arabic quadruped; wild animal; livestock ddk, ddk m. slang dad, daddy
2 db imperfect of ddgr m.
dtkj m. regional botany Grislea Tomentosa dd-u-bed d m. dd-u-farj d m. shouts for help
dtur f. botany thorn apple compound verb to call for help
1 ddzh m. bride's dowry 1 dr m. 1 picket, stake 2 pillar, column 3 gallows, gibbet
2 d dzh m. darkness, gloom, obscurity , to hang someone on a gibbet
dkhl Arabic 1 entering, in-coming 2 internal 2 3 2 dr m. Arabic 1 house, dwelling, abode 2 a chamber, house
participating, taking part in something 4 entered, included (e.g., house of commons b house, residential building
on a list) regional file papers 5 accepted, enrolled orphanage
(in school, etc.) 6 contained in something; being a part of 3
d r suffix possessing something, having something
something armed lasting (of peace)
dkhilawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to dr-ul-iqm f. Arabic hostel
bring in(to), introduce (e.g., forces, troops) 2 to enter, include, dr-ul-m n m. Arabic 1 place of peace, tranquility 2
insert (e.g., on a list) 3 to accept, enroll (in school, etc.) Darulaman (district of Kabul)
1
dkhil f. Arabic regional entrance the dr-ul-insh f. Arabic secretariat (e.g., of the UN)
entrance (is) closed pass, permit dr-ul-ajt m m. orphanage
2
dkhil f. and plural, Arabic from ministry dr-ul-tahrr m. office, chancellery history
of internal affairs, interior ministry minister of the king's personal chancellery
internal affairs dr-ul-hrb m. Arabic 1 front, theater of military
dkhil 1 internal domestic trade
1
operations 2 religion land of unbelievers, land of infidels
civil war boarding school 2 dr-ul-hukumag f. governor's administration,
m. native of a country governor's office, provincial government, provincial administration
2 dkhil plural of 1 dr-ul-khilf f. Arabic 1 regional capital (city) 2
dkhiledl, dkhledl denominative, intransitive [past: history Teheran
]1 to enter, go in, drive in 2 to lead This dr-ul-rijst m. Arabic capital, principal city of a
road leads to Kabul 3 to be included, be entered, be enrolled (e.g., principality
on a list) 4 to be accepted, be enrolled (in a school, etc.) 5 to get dr-ul-saltan f. Arabic capital city
deeper into, penetrate deep into a territory 6 to be contained, be dr-ul-sal m m. Arabic 1 place of peace, place of
tranquility 2 Dar-es-Salaam
332
dr-ul-shur f. Arabic history council (consultative body) 1 d i plural of 2

dr-ul-'ulum m. Arabic academy dr-ul- 2 d r present tense of
'ulum-i-'arbiya Sacred Academy (in Kabul) 3 dj feminine singular of 1
dr-ul-'umum m. Arabic house of commons 4 d plural of 1
dr-ul-'aw m m. Arabic parliament (in Canada) dem r m.
dr-ul-funn m. Arabic 1 university 2 Darulfunun demr f.
2 dst n m. tale, story; short story, fairy tale; legend
dr-ul-mu'allimn m. Arabic teacher training institute dst n wajnkaj m. narrator; storyteller
drj f. 1 property 2 financial assets dskl f. cultivation, hoeing, breaking up, loosening (of
drb z m. acrobat soil)
drchin m. cinnamon d si d se Eastern 1 demonstrative pronoun such
drksh m. hangman, executioner I like this kind of book very much.
drkb m. woodpecker He has never seen anything like it. such
d ranga 1 demonstrative pronoun that, those as 2 thus, so, this way That isn't so. Isn't
Do not walk in those places 2 thus, in that way that so? ! That is not permitted! ...
dr m. plural 1 medicine; potion; drug compound It often happened in such a way that ... This does not
verb to treat medically compound verb to be treated 2 mean that thus, for example and so
Eastern gunpowder ammunition ammunition forth and so on, etc, etc.
drudrmn m. drudarml medicine treatment dsh m. 1 oven (for firing bricks and clay pots), kiln 2 oven
drugh m. [plural: drogh n] history 1 head or (e.g., for baking bread) electric stove
chief of a district 2 head of a prison, prison warden 3 regional Directorate or Administration for the Production of
police inspector Construction Materials
drugr m. 1 doctor 2 person who manufactures gunpowder dsht m. strength, stability, durability to be strong,
d ra f. usually plural d ri 1 spray have stability
compound verb to splash, spatter, sprinkle; spurt dh m. dht
Blood is spurting. Tears began to flood. 2 dh baked in an oven (of bread)
Eastern current (of a river); stream d' m. Arabic 1 instigator 2 plaintiff
dr suffix of abstract nouns of feminine gender 1 dgh m. 1 literal & figurative spot, stain, blot; slur
fidelity, devotion compound verb a to soil something b figurative to
drj l m. tambourine compound verb to play the shame someone; stain 2 brand compound verb to
tambourine brand (as with a branding iron) 3 to prick with a hot needle (a
drj l wahnkaj m. playing (on) the tambourine form of medical treatment) 4
drjn m. dual number Arabic from 2 religion both 2
d gh suffix used in geographic names (mountain)
worlds, this world and the one beyond the grave Karadag (the mountain)
dk 1 dghd r 1 soiled, dirtied, stained 2 figurative shamed,
dl transitive [past: ] 1 to bite; tear; gnaw disgraced, sullied, stained
A wolf killed this sheep. 2 figurative to lecture, dghsr m. tree sparrow, hedge sparrow, Passer montanus
rebuke; give a telling off, give a scolding dghl transitive [past: ] 1 to burn; sear; scorch;
1 d f. dj toothy, having large teeth cauterize 2 to brand 3 figurative to shame, disgrace
2 d oblique plural of 1 idiom broken-hearted
1 present participle of 2 predatory, preying (of wild dghm 1 worn out, unserviceable 2 f. scrap, salvage
animals) dghmkhn f. scrap depot, salvage dump
1
d f. 1 foray, raid; attack compound verb dghawl denominative, transitive
compound verb compound verb to attack, assault, fall d gha demonstrative pronoun 1
upon (of a gang) 2 armed gang dgh spotted, stained
2 d a f. canine tooth; fang (of an animal) dghedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
3 d imperfective of burned, be scorched, be cauterized 2 to be spotted, have spots 3
dam r m. bandit, robber to be branded, have a brand 4 to cicatrize 5 figurative to be
damr f. banditry, robbery shamed, be disgraced
333
dfi ' Arabic 1.1 repulsing, beating back (e.g., an attack, an dnsh m. knowledge; science
onslaught) antitank gun dnishg h f. school
antiaircraft gun 1.2 defending 1.3 prompting, motivating, dnishmnd 1.1 learned; knowledgeable; erudite 1.2 wise
inducing motive, inducement, incentive; 2 m. .1 learned man, erudite man 2.2 wise man, sage
impulse 2 m. [plural: dawfi'] incentive, impulse, stimulus dnishmand f. learning, erudition; wisdom
dfi'-i-tajr dfi'-i-haw zenith, overhead; (more 1 dng m. jump; leap, bound compound verb to
often antiaircraft) antiaircraft gun jump; leap, bound
d qadr, d kadr so much, so many 2
dng m. 1 one-sixth of something; 2 coin with the value of
dk r m. Dakar one-sixth if a drachma or dinar 3 side, part or neighborhood of a
dktr m. 1 physician, doctor 2 doctor (the academic degree) city 4 side
dktra f. woman doctor, female physician 3 dng present tense stem of
dktr 1 f. .1 work of a doctor; medical work 1.2 graduate dngl transitive
study for the doctor's degree doctoral dissertation 2 dngaj m. cucumber
medical; doctor's dngawl transitive
dk f. muslin; gauze, cheesecloth 1 dngj m. stove (for frying kernels of maize)
1 dl m. Arabic name of the letter 2 dngj m. 1 run, running 2 flight, escape
2 dl m. plural pulse (a variety of peas) d ngi-d ngi torn into pieces compound
dl n m. 1 lounge, hall; vestibule 2 covered passageway; verb to tear, rip into pieces
corridor 3 veranda dngedl intransitive
d lta, d lta adverb there (near you, at your place) 1 dn f. 1 grain; kernel forage compound
dlchin m. plural verb to bring in the harvest 2 granule, grain snowflake
1 dm m. net; snare; trap compound verb 3 dot, speck, spot; pea 4 boil, abscess; pimple a
literal & figurative to cast a net; set a trap blackhead; pimple b ulcer (from an oriental sore) 5 piece, copy
dm contraction of the pronoun and the conjunction
2
one watermelon sixty apples
This is also harmful. 2 dn f. gate valve, water gate
dmdkhel m. plural fianc's relatives, relatives of the dnakhr, dnakhur f. feeding trough, feed box, feeder
groom dnad r 1 grainy, granular, granulated; having kernels 2
dm n m. 1 skirt, hem of a skirt 2 foot (of a hill, mountain) spotted, mottled; with spots
3 valley 4 summer pasture 5 Daman (the territories near the dndn 1.1 by the kernel 1.2 by the piece 2 scattered,
Suleiman mountains inhabited by Afghans) dispersed
proverb These words were futile. dn suffix vessel soap dish
dmn m. resident of the Daman dnjb m. Danube
dmd r m. trapper, bird snare, fowler; hunter dw m. stake (in a game)
dmn m. dwut f.
dman f. 1 foot (of a mountain); region, district dud m. Arabic proper noun Daud, David
dmanad ra dman larnkaj, dmj r 1 ddz 1 m. plural Daudzi (a tribe) 2 m. ddzy Daudzai
vast, broad, wide, extended 2 long, prolonged, protracted, drawn dwud f. chrysanthemum
out dus m. 1 scoundrel, blackguard 2 coward
1
dn 1 fog, haze 2 dust cloud 3 dim, dark dwtalb m. Arabic 1 volunteer 2 pretender, claimant,
2
d n suffix knowing something knowing Pashto aspirant 3 plaintiff 4 person who wishes to participate in an
3
d n suffix vessel tea caddy auction, bidder 5 instigator (of war), warmonger
dn 1.1 wise 1.2 learned 2 m. [plural: dn and dwtalab f. auction
dnj n] sage, wise man dw m. veil; shawl (woman's)
dnj f. knowledge; wisdom dw f. usually plural dw compound
d inrne plnw l m. computer science Internet verb to argue
service provider dw, dwj 1 m. plural Dawi (a tribe) 2 m. Dawai
d inrne dzhrgdz m. computer science Internet d hase pronoun
forum dhmra adverb so many, so much, this many
dnist 1 known; well-known, noted 2 f. knowledge dhom f. Dagomeya
334
dh Arabic 1 talented, capable 2 skilful, able dabgh f. dressing, currying, tanning; leather business
dj m. course of masonry (in a wall) compound verb compound verb to tan, dress leather
to lay the foundation stone (of a building) 1 dbndinj 1 2 m. foreigner
djir, djr Arabic 1 moving, set in motion; revolving 2 db ndi, db nde 1.1 outside (of); on the outside of; beyond
working, operating, turned on (e.g., of a machine) 3 established, a not in the center b outside of Kabul
founded 4 instituted, brought (of a suit, a legal action) outside of school They were situated
compound verb compound verb outside the city. compound verb a to extract b to
djratuma'rf, dirat-al-ma'rf m. select, pick out, single out 1.2 outside, on the street
Arabic compound verb to go out (onto the street, etc.) 1.3 abroad
djirawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 He died while abroad 2 predicate external; going beyond,
to move, set in motion, turn 2 to put into operation, turn on (e.g., a going outside something 3 attributive
machine) 3 to establish, found 4 to institute, bring (a suit, a legal idiom down outside and inside the
action) country from abroad
djraw circular, round circle, round dance dbndinj, dibndinj 1 external, foreign
djir f. Arabic 1 circle semicircle ministry of foreign affairs 2 exterior, outside 3
circumference, circle dialect face 2 circle, strange, alien, other's; (from) outside
cycle 3 radius of action; range of action, flight range 4 m. plural, 2 db nde Eastern
Arabic dawyir institution government dab w m. Eastern 1 pressure 2 influence
institution idiom geography degree of latitude peremptorily 3 pomp, splendor
geography degree of longitude to nonplus dibt, debt m. accounting debit
somebody, put somebody in a bind dabdab f. Arabic 1 pomp, splendor with great
dirat-al-ma'rf m. Arabic encyclopedia ceremony 2 regional fear, terror
The Pashto Encyclopedia dab fat, stout, plump
djratuma'rif, dirat-al-ma'rif dabz heavy, coarse (of cloth)
encyclopedic encyclopedic knowledge dabist n m. school
djraw circular; cyclic(al) ( cyclic) dabk f. intimidation, threat
recurrence dbl transitive [past: ] drive in, hammer in, sink (into
djiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 the ground)
to move, be put into operation, be turned on (e.g., of a machine) 2 dabln m. Dublin
to be established, founded, instituted 3 to be instituted, be brought dabla f. bin
(of a suit or legal action) dablj m. [plural: dabl and Western dablij n]
djzng f. Dajzangi (district and province) box; jar, pot (tin) can tea caddy
djk m. [plural: djk n] spangle, sequin dab f. 1 vessel for oil 2 leather wineskin
djkund f. Daikundi (province, Central Afghanistan) 1 dab ripening in straw or leaves (of fruit)
djm, dm Arabic constant, eternal; stable, lasting; long, 2 dabj m. 1 cudgel, club 2 washing beetle (for doing laundry)
prolonged, protracted ! saying Long live dabz
Afghanistan! 1 dp 1 m. dialect sweltering heat, stuffiness It became
djmn Arabic constantly, always, forever stuffy 2.1 close, stuffy, stifling 2.2 to become deaf 2.3 cloudy,
djim, dim Arabic 1 constant, permanent, eternal overcast, gloomy compound verb a to be close, be stuffy
permanent representative 2 stable, lasting; long, b to become deaf He went deaf c to be cloudy,
prolonged, protracted 3 life life sentence be overcast
djimijt m. Arabic constancy; eternity 2 dap paired word with
dn m. Arabic law creditor; lender dp ra, dap ra, dip ra postposition less often preposition,
dj d f. nurse, wet nurse nurse, wet nurse alone or in combination with the preposition 1 for the sake of;
dab b m. bragging, boasting because of; for for the work
for you
dabb boastful for the sake of money What for? 2 for (used when
dab gh m. Arabic tanner, currier denoting a time period) for several days
dabght m. forever 3 for something, against something (of a medication,
dabghkhn f. tannery
335
remedy for something) medication for d dawtn nm sht ay m. computer science

tuberculosis This is why. file name extension
dp re contraction of the postposition and the pronoun d dawtn dzngne jahtj l m. computer
science file allocation table (FAT)
dp sa, dap sa, dip sa postposition in combination with the d dj, d dj pronoun their, theirs 2 2 3
preposition or Eastern without it 1 above, over, on top of da d pronoun his 2 3
something above the house 2 besides, in addition to, d d pronoun her, hers 2 3 for
over, in excess of in addition to the books this reason
mentioned It's been over twenty years da dna Eastern instead of from this
already since 1 dar m. 1 door 2 figurative access
dptj , daptj f. 2 dur, durr m. Arabic pearl
dpre-dupe f. plural foolish thing, 3 dr, dar 1 pronoun, second person singular & plural .1 to you,
nonsense for you (combinations with postpositions and adverbs are to be
dapk f. found in their alphabetical order) 1.2 to you, with you (denotes
diplm m. diploma the one to whom the action is addressed, functioning as an
diplom t m. adverbial indirect object, placed before the predicate)
diplomt I gave you this book. What's the matter with
diploms you? What happened to you? 1.3 with certain verbs
diplm f. of motion indicates the direction of the action I came to
dpa 1 f. stuffiness, stuffy air, foul air 2 feminine singular from see you. No, I won't be coming. 2 verbal prefix
2 stuffiness, stuffy air, foul air and others I am giving
d terwatni khabr l m. computer science error log you my notebook.
dudzh dzh m. domestic fowl, poultry 4 dri numeral
dadzh l m. Arabic 1 antichrist 2 swindler dr za f. 1 anatomy fontanel 2 earthquake
dadzhl, didzhl f. Arabic the Tigris River the dirst m. Arabic studies; study
Tigris drftng m. drawing, drafting drawing
dach implements
d ch pronoun whose durfshn, durrfshn f. eloquence
duch r dar k, darr k Arabic shrewd, keen-witted, ingenious,
ddz n one's, one's own, his own, her own intelligent shrewdness
ddznawl denominative, transitive [past: ] take drmturzh f.
something; acquire something darmd m. profit; income; receipts
dkhlt, dikhlt m. Arabic 1 interference; intervention drm f. play, drama play in verse
compound verb to interfere 2 relationship, relation, drmanaws m. playwright, dramatist
connection drmanawis f. dramaturgy
dukhniji t, dukhniji t m. plural Arabic tobacco products drnd dialect masculine plural of
smoking drn 1 m. plural of 2 m. plural heavy load, weight
dkhl m. Arabic 1 income, profit 2 relationship, relation, 1 durnaj m. plural 1 Durani (tribe) 2 Durani 3 m. proper
connection compound verb to interfere noun Duranai, Duranay
compound verb a to have a relationship or connection with 2 durnj f. 1 Durani woman 2 proper noun Durani
something; take part or to participate in something; play a part or darw imperative of
to have a role in something b to have access to something darj f. dar striped taffeta
dakhm f. 1 corner, nook 1 drab m. plural 1 species of meadow grass, Poa cynosuroides
compound verb to hide or conceal oneself 2 tomb, sepulcher; 2 meadow, grassland
grave 3 ambush 2
drab 1 interjection boom, bang 2 m. .1 noise, sound, crash,
dukhl m. Arabic entry; invasion, encroachment din; knocking, rattling; rumble, hum compound verb to
dakhl Arabic 1.1 borrowed (of a word) 1.2 close, intimate make a noise, rumble; knock, rattle 2.2 lie, falsehood
(of a friend) 2 m. agent, proxy, accredited representative He lied blatantly.
dad m. wild animal, beast 3 drab m. scab, mange
336
drab f. drabedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to thunder, crash,

2 darb r m. 1 court, palace (of the monarch) court rumble, rattle, clank 2 to rumble from footsteps, hoof beats, etc.
minister court jester 2 audience, reception drabednkaj music drabednki l
compound verb to arrange an audience or reception percussion instruments
darbr 1 m. courtier 2 court darbel f. 1
darb n m. gatekeeper, doorkeeper drpase adverb after you We will go after
drbndi, drbnde pronoun 1 for you 2 with you you.
Eastern What happened to you? 3 with your help, darpadr
with your assistance 4 to you, for you He was dear dartg m. arrival at your place or house
to you. dartll intransitive [present: imperfect: past:
darbach f. 1 window 2 small cupboard ]to go to your house or place Tomorrow I am
darbadr homeless; poor; destitute, impoverished; ruined planning to come to your house. I will come to your
compound verb a to ruin b to squander (money) place ! Come here quickly! ! I'm coming!
drabdrab naj m. hide-and-seek (children's game) drta adverb 1 to you, for you 2 to you, to your place or house
compound verb to play hide-and-seek 3 next to you, beside you
drabdrb m., drabdrp m. scuffle, fight, brawl dardzh Arabic 1 m. inclusion, insertion, entry, entering,
darbadar f. homelessness; poverty, destitution recording 2 predicate included, inserted, entered, recorded
darb daradzh t m. plural Arabic from
1 drabl transitive [past: ] to compress, squeeze, ram, dardzhawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
tamp include, insert, enter, record
2
drabl intransitive [past: ] to fall with a crash; collapse, dardzh, daradzh f. Arabic [plural: daradzh and m.
cave in plural Arabic daradzh t] 1 degree to a
3 durbl, drbl m. hobble, fetters certain degree in varying degree
durbalawl, drbalawl denominative, transitive [past: grammar degree of comparison 2 category, type, sort, class
]to hobble a first category, first class b first-class 3 rank,
1 drbla, drabl f. 1 pressed manure 2 clump of mud title 4 sort compound verb to sort 5 degree (measure
2 darbil, durbil paired word with completely dark of temperature)
durblj m. fetters temperature The temperature
1 drbalj f. 1 tripod 2 type of swing reaches 40 degrees. extremely
2 darbalj f. regional joy, rejoicing, jubilation absolutely much
durbaledl, drbaledl denominative, intransitive [past: daradzhaband f. 1 classification 2 sorting, grading,
]to be hobbled, be fettered classifying compound verb a to classify b to sort
darbnd 1 m. .1 gorge, narrow mountain pass 1.2 bolt, bar 2 dardzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
taken prisoner, captured; imprisoned included, be entered (e.g., on a list)
drab-u-drb, drab-w-drb m. 1 thunder, crash, roar, drchl intransitive [past: ]to sneeze
din, noise 2 figurative festival, celebration with drchawl transitive [past: ] to cause to sneeze,
ceremony make someone sneeze
drbawl, drabawl transitive [past: ] 1 to stamp dardz m. 1
(one's foot) 2 to beat (a drum) 3 to shake, shake up 4 to beat, drdzni
hit, strike, thrash (somebody) drdza imperfective imperative of ! Let's go!
drba, drba f. darkness, the dark, gloom drdzi present tense of
drbah r m. 1 noise, din 2 beating (of a drum) 3 stamping drtskha you have, do you have; from you
compound verb a to make noise, thunder, rattle, clank How much money do you have? Do
b to beat (a drum) c to stamp idiom the beating of the you have my pen?
heart durtsa f.
drbatb m. durkhnj f. proper noun Durkhani (the name of the heroine
darbadr of the legend "Adam-khan and Durkhanay")
drabaj m. drkhta f. Western tree fruit tree
durkh f. diminutive, slang of Durkho
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darkhw st, darkh st m. darkhw st f. 1 request; dars m. Arabic [plural: darsuna and Arabic
petition, application 2 inquiry 3 desire, wish durus] lesson textbook school supplies
compound verb a to request; make an application, petition b to compound verb to study to explain a
make an inquiry c to desire, wish lesson ... to study compound verb to
dard m. 1 pain; suffering compound verb to hurt (e.g., teach, instruct, give lessons
of the arm, etc.) 2 anxiety We are dars l m.
worried about the future 3 offense, injury 1 drst, drast pronoun all, everyone, everything
Gulmaki took offence 4 plural labor, childbirth idiom everyone knows
sad news idiom a to be useful, be of use 2 drust, durust 1.1 correct, right, true That's
b to be appropriate, be suitable true 1.2 careful, industrious, punctual, conscientious
dardld agonizing, painful compound verb 2 2.1 correctly, right 2.2 carefully,
dardnl m. the Dardanelles industriously, conscientiously
dardr m. sound of rain drstawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
1
dardmn dardmnd 1 painful, hurting (e.g., of an arm, complete, conclude, bring to an end; fulfill, execute, carry out
etc.) 2 angry, cross (of a person) 3 sympathetic 2
drustawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
dardn k 1 painful, sore (e.g., of an arm, etc.) 2 sad, correct, put right 2 to organize, arrange
melancholy, sorrowful darstun (one who is) appealing to you, (one who is) turning
dardawl transitive [past: ] 1 to anger, make angry to you (with a request, etc.)
2 to distress, upset 3 to offend, hurt someone's feelings 1
drast, darast f. weapons, arms, armament
dardedl intransitive [past: ]1 to get angry, become compound verb to arm oneself
angry 2 to be distressed, be upset, be sad He is 2 drusta feminine singular of 2
upset 3 to be offended, take offense drastaw l m. gunsmith, armorer, small-arms technician
1 darz m. 1 crack, fissure 2 military breakthrough, penetration 1 drust, durust f. 1 quality of being business-like, efficient,
compound verb, compound verb a to form a sensible and serious 2 honesty, integrity honestly
crack, make a fissure b military to break through, penetrate 2 drstj, drastj m. objective witness
to penetrate the enemy's defense drstedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
3 seam, hem compound verb a to stitch, sew b concluded, be consummated, be ended or brought to an end
figurative to settle, arrange, patch up a misunderstanding darsg h m. school; educational institution
idiom to introduce dissension in the ranks of 1 drsu Western present tense perfective aspect first person
someone, cause a quarrel between, put someone against someone plural of
2 draz, drz 1 interjection boom, bang 2 m. crash, din, thunder 2 drs oblique plural of
1 darsi educational, academic; school school
3 drz m. 1 platform 2 embankment (low mound of earth grammar (textbook) teacher, instructor (in a madrasa)
along the sides of a peasant house) classroom; auditorium curriculum
draz f. 2 drsi Western present tense perfective aspect second person
drazdrz m. 1 roar, thunder, rumble, rumbling 2 crackling, singular of
rattle d rasi kil f. computer science access key
darzn, drzn m. dozen a dozen socks darshh m. [ plural: drshjig n]
draznda, daraznda f. 1 anatomy fontanel 2 flat top (of a threshold, (of a door)
mountain) drshl, darshl f. [plural: drshli] 1 threshold (of a
drzanj m. plain, flat terrain door or figuratively) 2 jamb (of a door)
drazawl transitive [past: ] 1 to hit, beat hard (a idiom He doesn't bow his head to anyone.
drum) 2 to stomp (with the feet) 3 to beat, bang (e.g., on a door) darshunj m. snout, muzzle
drazah r m. m. 1 footfall, tread, tramp 2 rumble, roar, darhodl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to
thunder 3 crackling, rattle 4 figurative torture, torment, agony show you 2 to teach you
drazj 1 darghl 1.1 counterfeit, fake, forged, false 1.2 treacherous
darz m. tailor 2 m. .1 scoundrel, villain 2.2 embezzler (of public funds)
drazedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to crack, crackle, creak 2
darghl surrounded
2 figurative to torment oneself, worry, eat one's heart out 3
darghl verb stem past tense of
338
darghaland f. darghalanna f. dargr compound verb to abandon, give up, cease

darghalawl transitive [past: ] 1 to worry, harass, doing something; forget something
bother 2 to hamper, hinder, impede someone 3 to entice, lure 1
drga f. 1 thicket of bushes, cane or rushes; heart of the
1
draghlj dialect in place of forest 2 reed, cane, rush
2
darghal f. 1 deception, fraud; slyness, cunning, guile 2 2 dargh m.
treacherousness, betrayal, perfidy 3 drga f. flight, escape; rout
3
darghalj m. 1 deceiver; swindler, cheat, rogue 2 cunning dragah r m. drgj m. 1 sound of footsteps 2 beating
person, sly person (of the heart), heartbeat
4 daraghlaj past participle of dargh m. 1 cupboard (for dishes); buffet 2 pantry, larder,
draghn f. [plural: draghni] flagstone (stone on which storeroom
people grind pepper, etc.) dargj f.
draghnaj m. crowd, crush drlara
dragh m. drlod past tense of
darghwg m. darghwg Eastern 1 brand, mark 2 darlodlaj dialect past participle of
nicked ear, notched ear (of livestock) 3 sacrificial animal darlodna f. 1 property, fortune 2 estate, holdings,
darghl m. 1 wash-out, erosion (river bank through which possessions
water pours during high water or heavy rain) 2 break (water) darlowl transitive
Water burst the dam. 3 narrow valley darlowlaj dialect past participle of
draghj Western past tense of darlownkaj dialect 1 present participle of 2 m.
1 dark, drak m. Arabic 1 sign, indication, symptom 2 .1 owner, possessor (of a car, carriage, etc.) 2.2 bearer (e.g., of a
comprehension, understanding compound verb to letter, complaint), complainant
understand You cannot understand drla adverb
my current situation. 3 source of revenue, income dram m. 1 drumbeat, roll of a drum 2 thundering noise (of
as a result of a for this (very) reason b from cannon), gun (i.e., cannon) fire
this very source; it is precisely from here darm n m. medicine, medication, remedy
2 dark m. water gate (of an irrigation ditch or ark) darmndag f. 1 indigence, poverty, impecuniosity 2
3 drak m. floor fatigue, weariness
darkar in your house, at your house or place darmnd 1 needy, indigent 2 weary, fatigued
1 drak f. 1 outer rim of a wheel 2 rim of a sieve dramb m. dramb f. onomatopoeia drumbeat
2 dark 1 prominent, protruding 2 consecutive, successive idiom drum-roll
3 drk m. log (of wood) drambawl transitive [past: ] to beat the drum
darkaj past participle of drambah r m. drumbeat
drkhe in you darams l m. Hindu temple
darkawl transitive [past: ] to give (to) you, issue to daramaghl, darmghl confused, mixed up, tangled
you drmkh, dramkh m. awl (of harness maker, sadler)
darkedl intransitive [past: ] regional to be given 1 darml m. 1 medicine, medication 2 medical treatment,
or issued to you doctoring compound verb to treat, doctor
1 drag m. 2 durml m. 1 unripe fruit, green fruit 2 young fellow
2 drag m. forest, woods; grove darmaltun m. pharmacy, drug store
drag f. darmal dzhoawnkaj m. pharmacist, druggist
darg h m. 1 palace 2 doorway darmalgr m. doctor
dragudrg m. loud footsteps darmalwk f. pharmacy business
darguzr m. forgiveness, pardon 1 darmal f. medical treatment, doctoring
dargrda adv. 1 completely, entirely 2 constantly 3
2 darmalj m. doctor
repeatedly
darmalj r m.
darge f. thicket, brush; grove darmn m. 1 wheat being threshed compound verb
to winnow grain compound verb to be threshed
drag-u-drg m.
compound verb to thresh grain or wheat 2
shock (of hair)
339
darmndz j m. threshing floor dranawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to

darmnd 1 m. 2 attributive level, smooth, (of the make heavier, increase the weight of 2 figurative burden (with) 3
earth) to make reliable, serious
darmnddz j m. 1 dran feminine singular of
darmnd f. skein, hank (of wool) 2 Eastern
1 darmndj m. grain left on the threshing floor after dran feminine plural of
threshing dranedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
2 darmnd plural of become heavier, increase in weight proverb
darman f. wormwood, santolina, Artemisia cina a burden of one's own choice is not felt (literally: the eyelashes do
durmoll m. thicket of rushes, cane not burden the eyes) 2 to outweigh, overbalance 3 figurative to
durm f. 1 rushes, cane 2 shepherd's pipe (musical be burdened 4 to be solid, be reliable, be serious; be staid, be
instrument) 3 barrel (of a shotgun) sedate
drn waj m. 1 weight 2 respect respectfully 1 dro f. [plural: drwe] Eastern 1
(close of a letter) to show respect 2 dro oblique of 3
to value something, hold something dear 3 celebration or feast in drwkhla phrase take it, take with you
honor of 4 seriousness, earnestness, solidity 5 literal & figurative darw z m. Darvaz (region in Badakhshan)
preponderance darwzagj f. door
drandzhj m. regional ritual (e.g., kalyad) darwzaw n m.
drund darwz f. door gate; wicket
drandtj f. drandht m. dialect 1 weight 2 compound verb to open the door or gate
figurative burden compound verb to close the door or gate
drandw laj m. transitive compound verb to knock at the door or gate
drandawl sluice, lock
1 darand 1 predatory, savage beasts of prey 2 darwzaw n m. 1 door-keeper, doorman 2 goalkeeper
m. [plural and darandag n] predatory animal, 1 darwz, darwzj Davraz
beast of prey 2 darwz plural of
2 drand dialect feminine singular of drw gh m. Western usually plural lie, deception
3 d55rda f. rain cloud, storm cloud compound verb to deny, disclaim, to refute, disprove
dr66dj m. liver disease (of sheep) compound verb to lie, deceive proverb a lie
drandedl intransitive has short legs
dranht m. drwghdzhn 1 lying, untruthful, mendacious; false, fake,
1 drng, dirng m. delay, procrastination; hold back sham; deceptive 2 m. liar, deceiver, cheat, imposter
compound verb to delay, hold back, wait ! Wait for a drwghdzhn f. falsity, mendacity
minute! darw n m. darwnch m. doorman, doorkeeper
2 drang m. 1 peal, ringing 2 knocking drub drup paired word with
d rwdzi during the day, in the day-time, by day
3 drang m. mine (for salt); deposit (of minerals) durd, drd m. 1 praise 2 blessing(s), benediction
drang f. compound verb a to praise, laud, extol b to bless
drangdrng m. 1 jingling, clinking, clanking 2 drudgr m. miller
knocking, rapping dror f. dialect
drangawl transitive [past: ] to ring, elicit a darwl transitive [present: past: ] bring to
ringing sound you, take to you
drang f. carrion, dead animal drwan m. darwang m. summer cypress (used for
drangah r m. drangy m. ring, ringing, peal, tinkling making brooms)
drangedl intransitive [past: ]to ring, sound (of a darwnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. bearer (of a
musical instrument) letter, etc.) the bearer of this letter
dr66nw la f. druz m. thunder, roar, din A crash was
heard, the wall crumbled.
druzgr m. carpenter
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drza f. 1 straw regional straw hat 2 regional compound verb to treat respectfully 9 staid, sedate, serious,
stubble, stubble field reliable to bear oneself in a dignified manner
darwg m. brand 10 dear, expensive, valuable 11 important, significant 12 high
darwag 1 branded, having a brand 2 figurative attached, (of taxes and duties) a ship with a
devoted, loyal 3 figurative convinced of something 4 being made displacement of five thousand tons hard of hearing, a
a sacrifice little deaf formal reception great
durs m. Arabic plural of entertainment, food and drink thud, deep sound
darwstl transitive [present: , past ] to lead, drundb raj m. military supply train
take to you drundtj f. drundw lay m. 1 weight, heaviness 2
dargh, drgh 1 usually plural lie, untruth, deceit difficulty, onerousness 3 weight, convincingness, persuasiveness
barefaced lie, outright lie patent lie 4 respect, esteem 5 influentialness, quality of being influential 6
to malinger false words, lying words seriousness, reliability sedateness 7 value 8 importance,
false evidence, false testimony, perjury a significance 9 weight, onerousness (of taxes, etc.)
falsely, deceitfully b in vain, for nothing compound verb drundmiz dzh serious, thoughtful
to lie, to deceive 2 attributive and predicative false, lying, drundawl transitive
deceiving, deceitful lie He drundhaj noble, high-born, blue-blood
thought that I was lying. drundedl intransitive
droghdzhn droghzhn drung paired word with
droghgj m. liar, deceiver darun f. core, pith, heart
droghgoj f. lie, deceit; falsity, mendacity druj, drwaj m. thicket of reeds or cane
darogh m. chief, head warden (of a prison) drowl transitive dialect
drug paired word with 1 dro, droh f. [plural: drwe, drhwe] dialect m.
darawl transitive [past: ] 1 to stop, halt, detain, [plural: drohna] 1 deceit, deception, cunning,
delay ! Stop the horse! Stop the car here subterfuge compound verb to be deceived
Detain that man for a bit 2 to put, place, set 3 to compound verb to deceive, dupe, trick 2 hatred, malice
rouse someone, get someone up, make someone get up 4 to 2 drwa right now, immediately, in a flash
appoint, put into a particular job 5 to bring in, introduce, put in drohl transitive [past: ] 1 to deceive, dupe 2 to
place 6 to advance, field (an army, troops) 7 to stop, discontinue, be hypocritical, dissemble
break off drohlaj 1 past participle of 2 treacherous
1 drwali present tense of drohna f. 1 deception, trickery, cheating 2 hypocrisy
2 darawlaj past participle of drohawl transitive
1 drum m. 1 roar (of a tiger) 2 din, roar, firing (of weapons) drohnhaj 1 present participle from 2 m. .1
2 drum march (as a command) deceiver, fraud, trickster 2.2 hypocrite
3 drum present stem from and 1 droha f.
druml intransitive [past: ]1 to set off, start out, go, 2 droh imperfective imperative from
leave 2 to follow someone or something ... 1 drhi plural of 1
drumj imperfective imperative plural of 2 droh present tense of
drumedl intransitive [past: ]1 to set off, start out, drohedl intransitive [past: ]to be deceived, be
go, leave, depart 2 to pursue, chase someone
tricked
darn inside drwaj, drwaj m.
darun f. Darunta (populated place near Jalalabad) darwez 1 f. beggary, destitution 2 f. alms
drund f. [, dialect , m. plural , dialect, f. compound verb to collect alms 3 m. history Darveza (the
plural dialect ]1 heavy heavy load 2 heavy,
opponent of Bayazid Ansari)
difficult, burdensome; onerous 3 deep, hard, fast (of sleep) 4
darwsh m. dervish
deep (of shade and shadow) in deep shade 5 darweshn attributive dervish
weighty, convincing convincing argument 6 dear;
drwsht numeral twenty-three
respected, esteemed our esteemed guest 7
darweshkhl 1 m. plural Darveshkheyli (a branch of the
influential 8 expressing respect, esteem
Vaziri tribe) 2 m. Darveshkhejl
to treat with respect
341
1 darwesh f. dervishism darich f. 1 window; door 2 hatch (e.g., of a ship) 3

2 darweshj f. bow for training, training bow figurative loop-hole
drwajwl m. seller of reeds and cane, reed and cane drdz m. 1 platform, rostrum 2 figurative position, point of
vendor view
drja on the basis of something; in accordance with dritsalwht numeral forty-three
something, according to something dretsnaj 1 triangular 2 m. triangle
1 dar, darr f. [plural: dar, darr and m. Arabic plural darits f.
daraj t, darraj t] 1 valley 2 gorge, ravine, mountain pass darikhl 1 m. plural Darikhejli (a branch of the
2 dur, dirr f. Arabic lash, whip, knout Dzadran tribe) 2 m. Darikhejl
daradzh t, darradzh t m. Arabic plural of 1 dareddz j dareddzy m. 1 platform, rostrum 2
darhdke it doesn't matter, it's okay, don't cry (said to a stage 3 stand, parking place; stop; station
child when he falls) daredl 1 intransitive [past: ].1 to stop; stand
darji-suf m. Darajisuf (valley in northern Afghanistan) The car stopped. The clock stopped. 1.2 to
dirhm m. 1 dirham (Iraqi coin) 2 history drachma stand up, rise 1.3 to cease, end, stop; pause Western
darhm-barhm darhm-u-barhm mixed up, The rain stopped. 1.4 to stand too long, become stale, be no
confused compound verb to confuse longer fresh (of water) 1.5 to keep, fulfill (one's word, one's
compound verb to be (or to get) confused, be tangled, be mixed up promise) 1.6 compound verb to wait for someone 1.7
daraw l to be based (on), be founded (on), rest (on) 1.8 withstand, stand
drhista to you, to your side up against compound verb to stand up to
1 dar f. Dari (language) someone 1.9 to stand up for, come out for (or to speak in favor of)
2 darj f. cotton rug someone or something; defend someone or something 1.10 to
3 dar, darr plural of 1 become or fall silent, stop talking He talks
4 dre three (in combination with tens dri numeral) incessantly 1.11 to be appointed, be named (to a position, post);
thirty-three one-hundred three three to be elected, be chosen 1.12 to be enrolled (in a military unit) 2
thousand all three three (together), the three m. plural
(of us, of them, etc.) daredlj 1 past participle from 2 standing
1 darj f. standing water
2 darj f. daredna f. dared m. plural 1 stop, parking space,
darj b m. 1 river Kabul River 2 sea parking lot pier, dock, wharf 2 rising, standing
Black Sea Baltic Sea ocean 3 up 3 ceasing; stopping, cessation; checking, pausing 4 fulfilling
figurative stream, flow (e.g., of goods) idiom (one's word, a promise) 5 waiting for, awaiting
in (day)dreams someone 6 establishing, founding 7 defending someone or
darjb attributive 1 river, fluvial 2 sea, maritime something 8 ceasing to talk, falling silent 9 appointing or
sea transport sea birds appointment (to a position, job); election 10 enrolling, enlisting
driatt numeral eighty-three (in a military unit)
darjch f. lake dridrsh numeral thirty-three
dreakhz three-sided 1 dreg imperfective imperative, short form from halt (as a
darj ft m. understanding compound verb to command)
understand 2 darg present tense stem of
darj l m. tambourine drishpet numeral sixty-three
darj n paired word with dresh f. suit military uniform a
darjw l m. tambourine player man in a suit
darjw la f. tambourine player (female) dreshrl dresherly four-year-old ram
driawj numeral seventy-three dreshiwl m. man in a suit
darjjim m. Amu Dar'ya dreh kha drehkhy f. fork
drebnda numeral consisting of three parts, tripartite drehkj m. chamber, rein (in a bridle)
drippindzs fifty-three drgh, dargh m. regret; sigh of regret compound
drepetskaj triangular verb to regret compound verb to refuse
342
someone compound verb to renounce da-d [f. da-da] 1 broken 2 smashed, shattered,
something, waive, decline split 3 torn to pieces, ripped to shreds 4 divided into parts 5 cut
dreghawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to (up) compound verb a to break, break up b to hit, stab,
refuse ! Don't refuse! break, split c break into pieces d divide into parts e to cut, chop
drgha interjection alas, what a pity compound verb a to be broken, break b to break, get
drekasz consisting of three persons (of a committee, broken c to be torn into pieces, be ripped to shreds d to be
delegation, etc.) divided into parts e to be cut, be chopped
dregn dregnay threefold, triple; trilateral, ddng m. jumping, leaping (for joy) compound
tripartite history The Triple Alliance verb to jump (for joy) at once, in a flash, in an instant,
the armed forces of England (land, naval and air) in no time
drjm, drejm 1 ordinal third every other day dadawl transitive
geology Tertiary period 2 m. dadedl intransitive
drim n m. daak f. 1 threat by firearm 2 threat, intimidation
drjmtb m. mediation, arbitration a to threaten someone with a firearm b to
compound verb to mediate threaten, intimidate someone
dremkhaj three-sided, trilateral, tripartite dawj m. 1 weigher 2 regional grain merchant
drjmgaj m. mediator, arbitrator, arbiter da f. 1 board chess-board
dremanzal three-stage wood flooring 2 leaf of a folding door 3 single-panel door 4
drjma 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 the third day of a strip of something 5 height (of a person) 6 crack, split, cleft 7
wedding 2.2 the third day after a death lobule, section, slice 8 makeweight compound verb to
dremjshtanj published once a quarter (of a magazine) make up the weight 9 springboard
dren zh m. drainage da-da feminine singular of
dring 1 m. .1 hard soil, firm ground, hardpan 1.2 forest; da-da f. noise, din, racket compound verb
pine forest 2 hard, compact, dense compound verb to make noise, make a hubbub
a to discourage, dishearten, puzzle, perplex b to lead someone 1 daj m. 1 drop 2 measure (for liquids)
into failure; spoil or frustrate someone's plans 2 daj f. 1 foil 2 spangles, decorations made of foil
dringl transitive [past: ] to pull (on), proverb to do something foolish (literally: to
draw taut (e.g., a rope) decorate the head of an old woman with new spangles)
dringawl denominative, transitive [past: 3 daj f. seer (a measure of weight) one seer of
]to pull (on), draw taut (e.g., a rope) wheat
drnga f. dringy m. 1 di-di feminine plural of
dringedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be dastr m. Arabic plural of
pulled (on), drawn taut (e.g., of a rope) dasjs m. Arabic plural of
driniw numeral ninety-three daspl sa dialect immediately, at once, instantly, right now
drwo oblique plural of 1 disipln m. discipline compound verb to
drew a numeral (all) three discipline compound verb to observe discipline,
darew l regional of local manufacture, made locally (of a maintain discipline
gun) 1 dast m. 1 arm 2 elbow (a measure of length)
drajwr m. driver, chauffeur 2 dast m. feces, excrement, stool
drewrg m. drewrgay m. three-year-old camel dst dialect
darj f. dast r m. turban
darjab z m. dastnd z m. one who encroaches on someone's rights;
oppressor; tyrant; enslaver
drejm numeral
da m. 1 large scales, weighing machine 2 packaging weight, dastndz f. encroachment (on someone's rights);
violence, coercion; robbery, pillage, plundering
weight of packaging compound verb counting or
not counting the weight of packaging
dastn plural f. Eastern gloves
compound verb a to put on gloves b to wear gloves
dad m. Eastern
dastwz m. document; obligation
dastbz f. misuse, abuse (e.g., of one's official position)
343
dastbard r one who has refused something, one who has dast f. 1 group, detachment, party 2 history druzhina,
renounced something prince's bodyguard 3 sheaf; bundle; bunch 4 bouquet 5 handle,
dastbast respectfully grip, lever 6 skein, hank 7 quire of paper
dastp k m. table napkin, serviette orchestra
dastpan h m. 1 hilt of a saber 2 master, expert craftsman dastaband f. grouping; cliquishness
dasttng needy, poor dastad r 1 having a grip, with a handle 2 m. history
dasttang f. need, poverty druzhina leader, leader of the prince's bodyguard
dastkht m. 1 receipt 2 signature compound dast 1.1 manual (of labor) 1.2 handicraft, hand-made, cottage
verb to sign, sign one's name industry 2 right now, immediately
dastarkh n m. table with food; covered table Tell Aslam to come immediately.
compound verb to be about setting the table dastj r m. assistant
compound verb to sit down to eat dastipdast right now, immediately
compound verb to spread tablecloth; prepare refreshments daskht m.
dastrs 1 accessible, reachable, attainable, achievable 2 m. d sra quite, entirely, totally, completely compound
accessibility, attainability, achievability verb to bring to an end, finish, complete
compound verb to make accessible, attainable daskal f. glove
dastrndzh m. labor, work (physical) disknt m. trade discount, discount of a bill
dastshj m. dasl p m.
dastfarsh m. peddler, hawker dasm l m. 1 kerchief handkerchief
dastfarosh f. peddling, hawking necktie compound verb to present the
1 dastk m. record, register guests with kerchiefs (during the betrothal ceremony, of the
2 dastk m. rafter, truss fiance) compound verb to become engaged (literally:
dastkh m. f. glove to wear the kerchief) a party on the occasion of a
betrothal 2 towel
dastkl m. handbag, reticule
1 dastakj m. 1 rafter, truss 2 cross beam, cross piece dasml f. plaster, dressing
2 dastakj f. bread of a special baking dismbr m. December
dastg , dastg h f. [plural: dastg wi and rarely dasis f. Arabic [plural: dasis and m. plural Arabic
m. plural dastghna] 1 machine tool, machine;
dasys] 1 intrigue, machinations 2 plot, conspiracy; evil
intent
apparatus; installation, plant electric motor 2
equipment, machinery 3 factory, plant; (work)shop 4 regional
d shp at night
military battery 5 apparatus, machinery (e.g., government, state)
dasht m.
dastgr m. 1 patron, protector 2 handle, grip, lever 3
dishlam f. candy (with tea)
proper noun Dastgir
dushmn m.
dastgir f. patronage, protection dushman f.
dastl p m. dastl f m. initiative (in trade) dshj m. basin (for washing up)
dastm l m. daht m. f. steppe; semi desert
dastmj f. plow handle daht wild wild animals pheasant
dastambl m. fragrant and small-fruited melon duhmn m. [plural: duhman n and
duhmn] enemy, foe, opponent
dastr m. [plural: dasturna, Arabic
dastur t and dastr] 1 rule, custom
duhmnn 1 hostile 2 hostilely, with hostility
That is the custom in the world. 2 direction, instructions, order, duhmnd r, duhmnd r having a deadly
enemy
directive; manual, handbook, guide 3 accepted established
payment (for a doctor, a barber, etc.) 4 regional ceremony 5
duhmnawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
make an enemy
[plural: ]vizier, advisor, counselor by
any means compound verb to abolish, liquidate duhmn f. hostility, hatred; enmity; spite, malice
dastur-ul-'aml m. Arabic 1 instructions, directions 2
ferocious hatred to quarrel with someone,
be at loggerheads with someone
procedure
dastur f. trade 1 brokerage, commission 2 discount
duhmnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
be an enemy
344
duhn m. daghna, daghna 1 that's the kind of 2 so

daghmra
duhn plural of much, so many ... as much as
duhn f. dighj, daghj plural of 2
du' f. Arabic [plural: du'g ni and du' wi] 1 1 dgha [oblique m. dgh, f. dagh] demonstrative
prayer ! Pray for me! 2 blessing pronoun this, these in this
du' gdzh 1 praying for someone 2 blessing someone region in this period ! a There he is! b
da'w f. There! ! There she is! ! There they are!
da'wt m. Arabic 1 invitation compound verb to immediately one thing and another
invite 2 reception compound verb a to be invited 2 dagh personal pronoun, third person singular [oblique m.
We were invited to Ahmed's. b to take dgh, f. dagh] 1 he, she, it (used as the subject of the
place, be held (of a reception) a reception was held action with intransitive verbs in all tenses and with transitive verbs
compound verb to invite a to in the present and future tenses) 2 him, her (used as the object of
invite someone for dinner b to arrange a reception, put on a the actiion in ergative constructions) take her
reception c figurative to draw in, to attract dgh oblique of
3 1
da'watnm f. 1 invitation card 2 message 4 dgh 1 oblique case of 2 2 colloquial hey

da'w f. Arabic 1 suit, (legal) action; claim, complaint, dgharange dghasi, dghase regional,
grievance trade conflicts, trade claims pronoun 1
I am rejecting legal action. disputed dagh oblique feminine of 1, 2
property agent; lawyer 2 assertion; declaration daf m. tambourine
compound verb a to claim, to file a claim b to assert, affirm; daftr m. Arabic plural of 3
declare ... I cannot assert that dif ' f. Arabic defense, protection defensive
da'wad r m. da'wagr m. ministry of defense to defend
1 da'w m. Arabic law respondent, defendant something to defend one's liberty
2
da'w f. Arabic iqbl-i taking an to defend oneself

action or suit under review ... the assertion that dif' defensive, defense personal defense
compound verb a to claim, lodge a claim, file suit; demand defensive power to
preference b to assert; declare
break through enemy defenses

to accuse, charge, indict, prosecute someone dift ng linguistics diphthong
3 da'w plural of daftr m. [plural: daftarna and Arabic
daftr] 1 book trade books ledger
da'wd r m. 1 plaintiff 2 claimant 3 supporter
digh journal, log 2 register, listing 3 office, bureau 4 hereditary
land ancestral land
dagh m. deception, fraud compound verb to
obtain fraudulently
daftarbard r m.
daghdzj paralyzed (of the extremities) daftarkhn f. 1 office, chancellery, bureau 2 office space,
office premises, office room
1 daghdagh f. Arabic 1 noise, hubbub, racket 2 alarm,
agitation
daftard r m. 1 clerk; office worker 2 accountant;
bookkeeper
daghdagh f. throne
2
1 daghdaghj m. 1 rain and sun(shine) 2 ray (of sunlight) daftardr f. 1 clerical work, office work, business
correspondence 2 accounting, bookkeeping
2 daghdaghj m. deceiver, cheat, swindler; rogue
daghdgh m. deception, fraud; cunning, slyness; trick, dodge, daftar 1.1 office, bureaucratic to introduce
subterfuge
Pashto into office work 1.2 official, office
during office hours 2 m. owner of hereditary land; land owner
dghasi, dghase 1 demonstrative pronoun that kind of, that
sort of 2 like this, like that, in such a way, thus, and so daf' f. 1 repelling, repulse (of a strike, attack) 2 withdrawal;
removal; expulsion, banishment, exile 3 law defense 4 push,
daghlta 1 here 2 right here; right then
1 dgho oblique plural of 1 impulse, impetus, incitement compound verb a to beat
back, repel, repulse (a strike, attack) b to withdraw; remove; expel,
2 digh oblique plural of 2 I went to
visit Hewad's relatives.
banish, exile c law to defend d to push, incite to something
compound verb a to be beaten back, be repulsed (of a strike,
345
attack) b to be withdrawn; be removed; be expelled, be banished, dukndr f. trade, business of a shopkeeper

be exiled duknwl m. shopkeeper
daf'tn Arabic at once; suddenly, all of a sudden dikttr m. dictator
daf'ad r m. regional sergeant, junior noncommissioned dikttor f. dikttoriyt m. dictatorship
officer (in the cavalry) dictatorship of the proletariat
1 df'a f. doktrn m. doctrine
2 daf' f. Arabic time doktr m.
daf'ad r m. regional doktor f. 1 doctorate, doctor's degree 2 period and process
dafn m. Arabic burial, interment compound verb to of preparing the doctoral dissertation
bury, inter doktra f.
diq Arabic 1 bored, weary compound verb to be bored doktor
He became bored. 2 m. .1 wasting fever d kma from where Where are you coming from?
consumption, pulmonary tuberculosis 2.2 boredom, depression dakn m. Dekan, the Dekan plateau
daqjaq m. Arabic plural of dakan 1 attributive Dekan 2 m. Dekan (native or resident of
diqt m. Arabic 1 attention, care the Dekan)
attentively with special attention dekorsjn m. theater scenery, set
to discuss a problem in dakhn m.
detail great attention is required dakhn, dakhan
to discuss something in detail ... dkj f. 1 milk pail 2 large pitcher, jug
care should be taken so that 2 accuracy - d khkali ikl jawz lwstaj j d m.
diq only only (of a child) computer science compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)
diqam l m. 1 boredom, tedium, melancholy 2 loneliness dakik f.
daqq Arabic 1 attentive, careful 2 diligent, industrious, dakikagr m.
assiduous to work very diligently 3 dag m.
perspicacious, astute keen ear 4 small, tiny (in 1 dagl m. rebuke, reproach
size) microorganisms 5 fine, delicate 6 2 dagl m. mast
accurate, true 1 dagl f. 1
daqqn Arabic attentively, carefully 2 dagal mast, masted single-masted vessel
daqiqn 1 accurate, precise 2 accurately, precisely, exactly 3 daglaj grateful, thankful, obliged to someone
daqiqw laj m. 1 attentiveness, carefulness 2 diligence, dgj m. 1 butcher block 2 feldspar 3 gold tube, silver tube
industriousness, assiduousness 3 perspicacity 4 delicacy 5 (a decoration on a woman's breast)
accuracy, trueness, fidelity 1
dil 1 m. heart; soul 2 used as the first or second part of
daqiq f. Arabic [plural: daqiq and m. plural Arabic compound words beloved brave cheerful
daqyaq] 1 minute, moment every minute 2
dal m. 1 grouts 2 bean porridge, bean gruel
3
dal m. loss compound verb to go to the dogs, go to rack
Ten minutes before eight. 2 detail and ruin, be wasted, come to nothing
daqiqars inquisitive, curious, searching, keen dildzh na f. proper noun Dila-dzhana
daqiqagrd m. minute hand dal r m. dollar
daqiqajz minute three-minute dilr m m. 1 beloved, sweetheart, lover 2 Dilaram (inhabited
daqiq plural of place near Kandahar)
1 dak m. cause; occasion, basis, grounds dilr ma f. beloved, sweetheart, lover, mistress
2 dik m. compound verb a to endure pain, bear dilz r m 1 offender, one who give offense 2 tormentor,
pain b to strain oneself working, overdo it at work torturer 3 beloved
3 duk m. 2 dilzr f. 1 offense; grief, chagrin, distress 2 torment,
duk n m. Arabic [plural: and rarely Arabic ] 1 torture; anxiety, uneasiness, distress 3 cruelty
shop, store 2 workshop dilz k 1 plural m. Dilazaki (a tribe) 2 m. Dilazak
duknch f. 1 counter 2 bench 3 platform, floor, deck 4 dilzurd upset, distresse
plank bed dils f. [ dils yna 1 dils] f. comfort,
duknd r m. merchant, dealer, trader consolation; kindness very affectionately
346
compound verb to calm, console; reassure; soothe dildzhoj f. 1 consolation, comfort; kindness 2
to say something in consolation; console, calm charm compound verb a to comfort, console; soothe
d l sa [from and ] compound verb b to captivate, charm, fascinate
to seize, take possession of, master compound verb to dilchsp 1 pleasant, attractive; captivating, fascinating 2
be lost, disappear interesting
dal k m. Arabic barber barber shop dilchasp f. 1 attractiveness 2 interest, personal interest
dalkkhn f. barber shop with great interest vested interest
dalk f. haircut and shave shaving articles to be interested in something
dall l m. Arabic 1 broker, middleman commission to be extremely interested in something
agent, factor stock broker 2 procurer, pimp dilkhar sh sad; heart-rendering, heart-breaking
dallt m. Arabic evidence, proof; reason, argument dilkhast aggrieved, distressed, depressed, dejected
... This proves that dilkh h loved, long wished for, desired
1 dalll broker('s), brokerage (attributive) dilkhh f. 1 good will 2 favorable attitude
brokerage operations dildd enthusiastic, easily carried away
2
dalll f. 1 brokering, brokerage compound verb dild r beloved, young man, lad, boy
to engage in the business of brokering, be in the brokerage dild ra f. 1 beauty, very good-looking female 2
business 2 commission business compensation or beloved, sweetheart, darling
fee paid to the middleman or broker upon consumation of a dildr f. comforting, calming, quieting
business deal daldl m. bog, swamp, marsh astronomy the Milky

dl ndi dl nde Eastern Way
dilwr 1 brave, daring, bold 2 m. proper noun Dilawar daldalz r m. swampy terrain
dilwar f. bravery, daring, boldness compound dald f. groats
verb to be notable for bravery, daring; be a bold spirit, be a dilrub 1 captivating, fascinating, charming 2 f. beloved,
daredevil sweetheart, darling, dear one
daljal m. Arabic plural dilrubj f. fascination, charm, beauty
dalb r m. Eastern dilsrda dilsrd 1 indifferent, unconcerned,
dalbr m. inattentive; callous, hard-hearted 2 cool, composed; cold-blooded
dilbr m. 1 beloved, sweetheart 2 proper noun Dilbar dilsard f. indifference, lack of concern, inattention;
dilbra f. 1 beloved, sweetheart, darling 2 proper noun coolness, equanimity, composure
Dilbara dilsz 1 compassionate, soft-hearted; sympathetic;
dilbar f. charm, fascination compound verb to responsive 2 touching, moving
charm, fascinate dilsza beloved, sweetheart
dilbastag f. attachment, affection; love; enthusiasm, dilsoz f. pity, compassion; sympathy; responsiveness
passion (for something) dilfarb dilksh captivating, charming, attractive,
dilbast fallen in love; become attached to; been carried engaging
away dilkushsh gladdening the heart, inspiring delight
dilbnd m. pluck (the heart, liver and lungs of an animal when Dilkusha (palace in Kabul)
used for food) dilgr sad, doleful, woebegone, melancholy
dilpazr dilpasnd pleasant, attractive dilggir despondency, dejection, grief, sadness, sorrow,
dalpl very rumpled; badly trampled; very baggy melancholy
delt f. geography delta dal m. exhaustion, over-fatigue; fatigue, weariness
diltng depressed, despondent, sad, melancholy daln m. bog, swamp, marsh
diltang f. depression, despondency; sadness, melancholy dalw m. Arabic 1 pail, bucket 2 astronomy Aquarius (the
dlta 1 here ! come here! here and there constellation) 3 Dalwa (the eleventh month of the solar year;
to walk there and back 2 at that time, then January-February)
it's at that time that's why dalawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to husk, pearl;
d lan mshn m. computer science search engine mill, grind (into groats)
dildzhj 1 comforting, consoling; caressing 2 captivating, dlwa f.
charming dla dialect instead of
347
dalakhapk m. beech martin, stone martin, Mustela dimgh 1 brain 2 mental, intellectual
foina mental worker intellectual work 3 regional
1 dalj f. 1 stack; rick 2 pile (e.g., of rocks) 3 pile, stack (of arrogant, haughty
firewood) compound verb a to stack (up) b put into a dumb l m.
pile (e.g., stones) c to stack (up) (firewood) d to demolish, raze 1 dumbl f. 1
(a house) compound verb a to be piled, be stacked (up) 2 dumbl f. carpet or embroidered khurdzhin (for keeping
b to be piled, be heaped up (of rocks) c to be piled, be stacked up valuables)
(e.g., of firewood) d to fall to the ground, tumble down dambakhd 1 taciturn, reticent, silent 2 with bated breath,
2 dal, dl here and there (while) holding one's breath
dlta dambur f. domra (Russian stringed folk instrument)
daledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be ground compound verb to play the domra
into groats dambawl transitive
dilr brave, bold, daring dambel f. 1
diler f. dampkhta m. chicken pilaf
dlri from afar, from far away, from a distance dampdm constantly, continuously; every instant
dleg f. waste land dampng m. dumping cut prices, throw-away
dall m. Arabic [plural: and Arabic plural: ] prices (prices below the costs of production)
reason, argument, proof; evidence It's for this dampdast
reason This remains to be proved dumch f. strap tied around the rump of a donkey or horse
compound verb to produce proofs or reasons; argue, prove, dmkhanj 1 front 2 former, proceeding, ex- 3 early
demonstrate 1 dmkha 1.1 in front, from the front He was
dalil convincing, persuasive; conclusive, evidential; well- standing in front. 1.2 forward, ahead He went on
founded, sound ahead 1.3 earlier, before, formerly; until, by; already
1 dam m. 1 breathing, respiration; inhalation and expiration, I spoke to him previously As has
inhaling and exhaling compound verb to sigh 2 sigh, already been noted earlier beforehand before
deep breath compound verb a to inhale b to breathe, sigh, this before everyone
heave a sigh compound verb a to breathe b to talk, first and foremost before me
converse They sat with bated breath. He passed me (by). 1.4 long ago, a long time
For a moment he couldn't breathe. 3 instant, moment ago 1.5 ago four centuries ago 2
perpetual right now 4 fraud, deceit, trickery 3 according to something, in
compound verb a to expire (to breathe one's last) b to deceive, accordance with something
trick 5 steam steam from a boiler 6 bellows 2 dmkha f. seeing off, leave-taking, saying one's good-byes
(blacksmith's) 7 special form of exorcism when people blow on ! Good-bye!
the sick one compound verb a to blow; fan dmkhatb m. the act of preceding, coming
b at each step before
to defend oneself to the last breath 1 dmkhe earlier, before 1
2 dam m. blade, edge (of a knife, etc.) 2 dmkhe contraction of 1 and the pronoun
1 dm dialect pronoun 1 dumdr m. rear guard
2 dam f.
2 damd r elastic
dim gh m. Arabic 1 brain cerebellum
damdarh l in a flash, in an instant, at once
brain, cerebrum You've gone out of your mind.
damda f. heddle (in a loom)
to remember what's been read 2 mood
damdast now, at this moment
good mood, cheerfulness the world of dreams
damdils 1 f. comfort, consolation; kindness,
3 nose 4 regional arrogance, haughtiness He
affection compound verb to calm, comfort; soothe,
was well.
caress 2 predicate calmed, comforted; soothed, caressed
dmghdzhn 3
1 damdam f. 1 pride 2 arrogance, hautiness
dimghch f 1, 2
2 damdam f. bastion; battery
dimghkhn f. 1 cranium 2 brain
damard f. wooden lever
dimgh f. geography cape
348
dmra dandnad r dandnay 1 toothed; notched 2

damj f. regional damr (a small coin equal to of a paisa, a irregular, uneven (of a shoreline)
paisa is 1/100 of a rupee) dandkn m. regional ivory
dams z 1 concordant, harmonious 2 m. close friend; dandanshikn m. Dandanshikan (the gorge and the pass)
confidant 1 danduk r m. 1 2
damsz f. 1 concord, harmony 2 close friendship; 2 danduk r m. 2
intimacy 1 dnda f. 1 obligation, duty
dimshq m. Damascus to carry out one's duty 2 well-being, happy life
1 damk m. hand-powered iron roller (for leveling and 2 dannd f. 1 mallet (for a game, e.g., croquet) 2 spoke (of a
smoothing roads) wheel)
2 damk m. moment, instant, flash dnestr m. Dnestr River
damakj f. comma dunkch f.
damgr m. m. sorcerer, conjurer, exorcist 1 dng m. 1 jump, leap 2 rice mill 3 swing (with a board)
1 daml transitive [past: ] 1 to bewitch a sick person 2 dng tall, strapping tall person tall
by blowing on him 2 to blow (of the wind) 3 to break, begin (of building
the dawn) 3 dang drunk, intoxicated
damlj f.
2
dngdng m. trembling compound verb to
dm m. confluence of two rivers shiver, shudder (from the cold)
demokrtik democratic dnggh aj having a long neck, long-necked
demokrs f. democracy dangl 1 transitive verb [present: past: ] .1
damawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to make, to jump (up), leap (up), skip, hop to jump
brew (tea) 2 to stew, braise (meat, vegetables) 3 to bewitch a off a cliff 1.2 compound verb to attack, assault,
sick person by blowing on him fall upon someone 2 m. plural .1 jump 2.2 swoop, pounce
dma 1 f. rest; peace, tranquility; respite
1
dangl f. quarrel, discord, strife
compound verb to rest, take a break, take a breather dang m. boiled beans, boiled pulses (kidney beans, peas);
We rested overnight at the hotel bean kasha
compound verb to allow to rest, give a break; be resting 2 dangwl m. rice mill worker
resting, taking a break, taking a respite, at rest 3 predicate rested dangawl transitive [past: ] 1 make (someone)
2 dam f. 1 snowstorm, blizzard 2 fog jump, jump up 2 to throw, toss up, put
3 dma f. indigestion, dyspepsia dangedl intransitive [past: ]1 to jump, leap; skip,
dmah r m. roar, rumble (of cannon) There hop 2 to be thrown, be tossed, be put
was the roar of cannon. danm rk m. Denmark
damadz j m. place of rest, resting place dannnj internal, inner interior wall
damagr resting, reposing internal affairs
1 damedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be danna 1.1 inside What's inside there? 1.2 into,
made, be brewed (of tea) 2 to stew, braise (of meat, vegetables) in, inside compound verb to go in, walk in, enter
damedl denominative, intransitive [past:
2
] to become compound verb a to put in, push in(to); insert b to introduce,
silent, grow quiet, stop talking; fade away, subside bring in (to somewhere) compound verb a to go or walk
dan m. pitcher, jug, ewer in(to), enter b to be put into, be pushed into; be inserted 2
dnm existing in word only, nominal, fictitious attributive internal, inner in France
dan w m. last irrigation of wheat before it ripens in the course of three days
dumb l m. rear, the rear part of something; rear echelon danne dialect
in pursuit of someone d nawi iknlozhy dawtn sism m.
dumbal peduncle, stalk, stem; escape computer science NTFS (New Technology File System)
1 dund 1 dim, dark 2 m. .1 fog, haze 2.2 dust cloud 1 dna f. spring of a kahriz
2 dund m. roar, rumble (of artillery) 2 dan f. necklace
dandn f. 1 tooth, cog toothed, geared; notched, 1 dan 1 Danish 2 m. Dane
crenulated 2 small waterfall; bar, shallow, shoal; rapids 2 dan Arabic mean, vile, low
349
dunj f. Arabic 1 the world, the universe in the world dw ra at once; suddenly; all of a sudden compound
human-kind the animal world verb to catch unawares, take by surprise
compound verb to leave this world, die dw o oblique of
He (has) left this world. the Old World the New dw a pronoun both (in the Western dialect, the feminine the
World 2 wealth compound verb to get rich form dw i is also used) both
3 worldly matters (as distinct from spiritual) worldly sides from both sides That is one and the
matters proverb good fortune and bad luck same thing.
are close neighbors daws z m. pharmacist
dunjparst 1 wealth-loving 2 indulging in worldly dawsz f. preparation of medications, the pharmacist's
pleasures; hungry to get everything from life specialty/business
dunjparast f. 1 love of wealth 2 a passion for worldly dawfarsh m. pharmacist, druggist
pleasures; the desire to get everything from life dawf' m. Arabic plural of 2
dunjd r m. rich man daw m m. Arabic continuation; duration
dunjdr f. wealth compound verb to continue, be in progress, last
dunjgj f. 1 world 2 sorry world compound verb to continue, go on with, proceed
dunjw l m. inhabitant of the world dawmd r long, protracted, prolonged; enduring,
dunjw lasting (of peace)
dunjj 1 world 2 dawmdr f. length, duration; lasting (of peace)
dnepr m. Dnepr duw f.
dunjaw Arabic world, worldly; secular, temporal duawj numeral seventy-two
dd m. sound of the rabab dawwn m. Arabic plural of 2
daj m. botony coriander dawjr m. Arabic plural of 4
1 daw m. run, running ! ! Double time! dawj f. daw 1 medicine 2 (medical) treatment
running about compound verb squander (money); waste
dub m. 1 scorching heat 2 pot, boiler
(money)
dubdzh
2
daw m. 1 auction compound verb Western to
dubr 1 again, anew, once more 2 and now
participate in an auction 2 raising the stakes (in a game) dub ra hybrid (of domestic fowl)
compound verb to raise the stakes (in a game)
dubr-wadn f. restoration or reconstruction (of a city,
3
du m. 1 etc.)
4
du in combinations with tens instead of thirty-two dub aj m. battledore, beetle (for washing laundry)
5
du, do a second time, for the second time ( over) again dubl f. biplane ( is meant)
two-faced dubdzhn stinking, fetid; rotting, putrescent
1 daw f. Arabic [plural: and Arabic ]medicine, dubad face-to-face
medication compound verb to take medicine
dobganj
compound verb to treat, cure compound verb to be cured
dubgaj m. 1 dacha, country cottage, cabin, summer place
2 du , dw f. 1 prayer 2 gold amulet 2 summer pasture (in the mountains)
Du b, do b m. 1 the area between two rivers, interfluvial dblin m. Dublin
region 2 Duab, Doab (the names of a number of inhabited places)
duband f. junction, confluence (of rivers)
dub f. 1 2 Doaba (region in the Peshawar District) dobnj summer, relating to summer
dawpsh f. spraying (of crops) compound doba f.
verb to spray (crops) dubl m.
dawp praying 1 dob m. washerman, man or boy who does the laundry
daw t m. Arabic ink-well, ink-pot, inkstand 2 dbaj m. summer in (the) summer dacha
duatj numeral eighty-two 3 dobj f. laundress
daw dzhoawnkaj m. pharmacist dobikhn f. laundry
dawkhn f. pharmacy, drug store dubl m. 1 place where two rivers join, confluence 2 islet,
dudnm m. anatomy duodenum small island
350
dup m. scorching heat, extremely hot, sultry weather dawdw running, at a run, at the double compound
The hot weather has arrived. verb to run up to, come running up to
dup j two-legged, two-footed doduzn expected by custom (of the dowry, etc.)
duptj f. cardboard binding, paperback 1 dudawl denominative, transitive [past: ] regional
dup double, two-fold, dual, binary to smoke (a cigarette); smoke, cure (i.e., meat)
dupa f. 1 shawl, yashmak (for young women) 2 cloak with 2
dodawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
a border introduce a custom; instill, implant
dup m. 1 calamity, disaster; misfortune, trouble 2 feeling or dodawl transitive [past: ] to rebuke, give a
3
condition of being upset; distress, affliction, disorder dressing down, scold, criticize, abuse verbally
dup f. tambourine dud f. 1 hearth for cooking food 2 soot
dupu f. 1 medicine bulimia 2 disorder, feeling upset; 1 dud smoke military smoke screen
distress 2 dod usual; customary, relating to a custom; established by
dupindzs numeral fifty-two custom
dop f. 1 dodjlj cultured, refined, well-bred, well brought up
dut r m. 1 dudedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
dut 1 m. plural Dutani (a tribe) 2 m. Dutanay smoked (of a cigarette) 2 to be smoked, be cured
dawtr m. heriditary land 4 2
dodedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
dawtar m. 2 become custom; be introduced; be established
dawtn f cover (of a book), file dudrsh numeral thirty-two
dawtn sism m. dawtn sesm dudj f. 2
computer science file system 1 daur m. Arabic [plural:
daurna and Arabic
dawtanj r m. bookbinder adw r] 1 period; time 2 going around
dudzhnib two-sided, bilateral, joint two-way circumnavigation of the world 3 rotation, revolution
communication compound verb to rotate, revolve
duch r meeting, encountering someone to 2
dur 1 distant, remote 2 far, a long way, far off
encounter, meet someone; bump into something; undergo compound verb to remove, take away compound verb to
something; get into a particular situation; encounter a particular be removed, be taken away 3 used as the first part of word
circumstance compounds a far-sighted b far-seeing, foreseeing, prudent
duchnda duchand n duchnd twice, twice as
much compound verb to double, redouble 3 dur m. 1
compound verb to be doubled dwr
dutsalwht numeral forty-two daur n, dawr n m. Arabic 1 time, period; epoch
dwakhtanj former, past the epoch of colonialism 2 rotation; turn-over, circulation
dwkhta early economics circulation of capital
1 dod m. 1 custom, habit, usage; rite compound verb circulation of the blood the
establish the habit compound verb to circulatory system 3 flight (e.g., around the world)
observe the custom 2 dowry (bride's) 3 treating, entertaining 4 durandsh foreseeing, prudent, far-sighted, prescient
ceremony ... kind of durandesh f. foresight, prescience
2 dud m. 1 smoke see 1 2 sacrifice, victim compound verb to be far-sighted, be prescient
deep sigh dawrn 1 rotating, rotational, rotary 2 military turning
dudlud smoked (movement), envelopment
dodb jda m. plural wedding customs durh f. fork in the road
dodplna f. observing customs dwr ja from a distance, from afar, from far away
duddzhn 1 smoky 2 smoked durb f. bad weather, rainy weather
dudd n m. regional milk jug, pitcher for milk durbn 1.1 far-sighted 1.2 farseeing, prescient 2 m.
dudkdd m. fire Suddenly a fire spyglass; binoculars field glasses
broke out. telescope
dudkh m. chimney, (smoke)stack, flue durbin f. 1 far-sightedness 2 foresight, prescience
dursandzh f.
351
durshl m. duedl intransitive [past: ] to spill, scatter, run out,

durfikr f. foresight, prescience pour
durag durg hybrid; half-breed, first hybrid duzn compound verb to kneel, get on one's
half-breed knees; sit having gone down on both knees
durm f. duzab n two-faced, hypocritical
durang f. 1 duplicity 2 double-dealing 3 inconstancy duzabn f. duplicity, hypocracy; double-dealing
durnum f. view, panorama; vista compound verb to be hypocritical, dissemble; be a double-dealer
durnawis f. teletype dozkh m.
dwrsto dwrsta from behind, behind dauz m. plural instead of
dawr, daur f. Arabic 1 epoch; period the epoch dogkh m. hell, nether world
of communism 2 stage, level 3 turn-over, circulation, rotation dogakh hellish, infernal
compound verb to circle (of an airplane, etc.) 4 term or dusl two-year-old horse
duration of a convocation (of a legislative body) duspan f. chains, irons, fetters
session 5 going around, making the rounds; making an inspection dost 1 m. .1 friend dear friend
tour, journey, tour to go on an inspection tour to love someone They have become
to return from a trip 6 reign friends. proverb a smart enemy
1 dur f. distance, range is better than a stupid friend 1.2 proper noun Dost 1.3 liking
2 duri here something, supporter of, adherent of something loving
3 dawr, daur plural of science 2 attributive friendly, amicable the
4 dur there, on that side of compound verb territory of friendly Afghanistan
to dodge, evade dostn 1 friendly, amicable friendly talk
dauredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to turn, friendly relations 2 in a friendly way, amicably 3 f.
turn to regional friendship strong friendship
daured m. plural turning circulation (of the dost ni plural of 1
blood)
dostd r m. epistolary I; your humble servant
1 du m. weaver; carpet weaver dost-muhammd m. proper noun Dost Muhamad
2 dau m. plural 1 Dauri (the tribe) 2 m. Daur 1 dsta f. [plural: ( ]female) friend dear
3 du deceptive, false, untruthful, deceitful friend (female)
dw nde Eastern 1 in front, in front of 2 forward 2 dsta oblique singular of 1
duduka f. sand storm dost, dust f. 1 friendship to be friends with
dun false, deceitful, lying, mendacious each other make
duawl transitive [past: ] 1 to sprinkle, dust 2 to
friends with someone 2 relationship by marriage
raise dust proverb to be the bane of someone's
compound verb to become related (to)
existence
dostj m. diminutive of
1 da f. 1 sand storm; dust storm 2 dust duskhn f. corn bin, crib, silo
The air was clear, there was no dust at all. 3 powder (tooth daus f. 1 meanness 2 cowardice 3 shame
powder, etc.) compound verb a to reduce to ashes b to
dosj f. dossier, file; folder
smoke compound verb to throw dust in (someone's)
dawsh m. running, race; harness races
eyes a to ruin someone b to be completing a deal
dushkh f. 1 bipod (machine gun, etc.) 2 technology fork
a to turn out, kick out, evict b to fire, sack electrical plug
(from a job)
dushl f. large shawl cashmere shawl
2 do f. 1 gibe, sneer, taunt; jest 2 exaggeration, hyperbole dushpet numeral sixty-two
duapk f. vacuum cleaner dushs f. duchess
doam r m. scoffer, mocker; joker, jester dushamb f. , dushamb 1 Monday 2 Dushanbe
1 di plural of 1 dosh m. Doshi
2 dawj f. dinar (coin) dusherlj m. two-year-old ram
dujt m. wandering, roaming compound verb to doh f. compote, stewed fruit
wander, roam doh kha f. bipod (machine gun, etc.)
352
duhakh f. plural person's lower extremities (from the duwl m. Arabic plural of
thigh to the foot) dulgh f. women's sharovary
dutaraf 1 on both sides; double-sided; two-way 2 there and dawlt m. Arabic [plural: dawlatna and Arabic
back, round-trip (of a ticket) duwl] 1 (the) State republic history
dughh m. buffer state regional (British) Commonwealth
dughna dialect minister without portfolio government
dufsl land yielding two harvests a year employees 2 power, authority 3 wealth 4 proper noun Daulat
1 duk m. 1 consumption, tuberculosis He came dawlatb d m. Daulatabad (city in northern Afghanistan)
down with consumption. 2 anger, spite, malice; hostility, enmity dawlatbdj Daulatabad Daulatabad
3 irritation, dislike 4 envy a to nurse mutual enmity carpets
b to envy each other dawlatz 1 m. plural Davlyatzi (the tribe) 2 m. Daulatzay
2 duk m. spoke dawlatmnd rich, wealthy
3 dwak m. two-year-old colt dawlatmand f. wealth
duk l m. drought-stricken year dawlatw laj m. State system, State organization, statehood
duk n m. 1 dawlat 1 state, national state system
doktrn m. doctrine government employees 2 government
dokr m. government property
duk f. 1 drum; kettle-drum compound verb to 2 dulatj f kicking compound verb to kick
beat the drum 2 step, tread; rung numeral
dukm f. 1 button 2 knob, push button numeral
dukawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make a dulk m. row of meat stalls
(concerted) effort, apply oneself dulwza insincere You broke your word.
djkawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to dawl Arabic
torment; oppress dumra, dmra dumre, dmre so much, so many, so, to
dok f. Eastern deception, fraud compound verb to the extent, to the degree ... as much as
be deceived, be tricked compound verb a to decieve, ... ...
trick someone b to cheat, defraud someone ...... However, the fact of the matter is that
compound verb to deceive, trick someone ... Eastern I can only say that
duka 1 imperative of 1 2 Come on!, Come on! (shouts of dwamand f. area between two rivers
approval while working) 1 dom f. low fire (for boiling milk, etc.)
dokam r m. Eastern swindler, cheat 2 dma f. idiom Even this ruse
dokamr f. Eastern swindle, fraud, trickery didn't succeed.
1 dukj m. small spindle dominik Dominican Republic
2 dok plural of 1 dund
dukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be dunkch f. regional
sick with consumption 2 to torment oneself over, suffer torments dunaj f.
3 to become irritated, get annoyed duniw numeral ninety-two
dug m. 1 smoke 2 pain 3 rage, fury compound dna, dna dni, dni so much, so many, so, to the
verb to make someone angry compound verb to be extent, to the degree This chintz is
angry not that expensive. Will this much granulated
dug n f. seedling (of a grapevine) sugar be enough? Here's what happened.
dug m. small quantity, little, few a small handful of dun f. meanness, baseness
flour duj f. 1 vessel for milk, milk jug 2 milk pail (earthenware)
dog f. small drum (held under the arm while being played) dwo oblique case of
dugaz f. large net for catching hawks; snare daws m. scoundrel, villain, rascal
dugghan 1 smoky, sooty 2 dirty, muddy dawus meanness, baseness compound verb to do
dugj m. smoke a mean act
dugedl intransitive [past: ]to speak slowly, speak in dwlas numeral twelve
measured tones, speak leaving pauses in one's speech dwolasm numeral twelfth
353
dwolasma f. twelfth day of the third month in lunar dwagn 1 both, two 2 double, two-fold 3 two-Afghan coin
calendar, birthday of Muhammad the birthday of (or note)
Muhammad dwagnaj 1 double, two-fold 2 double-faced, two-faced
dwa 1 numeral (f. Western dwe, Eastern dw dwalr f. dwalrdza cross-roads; parting of the
dwwo) two two times two is four ways
two (together) Eastern on two questions dwal saj having two hands to make
2 two (used as the first part of word formations) double; namaste
two-fold several proverb dwa lka numeral two-hundred thousand
have not the faintest respect for dwahm numeral second obsolete lieutenant
colonel obsolete major general
dwaakhz double, two-way; bilateral, two-party
duh n m. camp fire, bonfire dwamkhaj 1.1 two-sided, bilateral 1.2 two-faced 2 m.
double-dealer
dwa-anz m. two anna coin
dwabrgha double, two-fold dwahma khor f. 1
dwabl m. man, biped dwanalz double-barrelled (shot)gun
dwabj m. dwanma divided into two parts, divided in half
compound verb to divide into two parts, divide in half, halve
dwapj double, two-fold
dwapaz 1 folding (of a door) 2 zoology bivalve dwawrdz repeated
dwapsraj dwaw laj m. 1 duality 2 double quantity
dwaphza dwaphz two-legged, two-footed, dwawrgaj m. two-year-old camel
bipedal
dwawazarwl zoology Diptera (flies,
mosquitoes, etc.)
dwapu two-story
dwa pah r m. post meridiam time, p.m. time dwawsht numeral twenty-two
dwatrz two-stringed dwawishtm ordinal twenty-second
dwadzhnba bilateral, mutual duh f. monk's cell (among the Shiites)
dwachat two-story dwahmra double, twice (as much)
dwachnda duhj 1 hearth 2 smoking room, opium den (of dervishes)
dwadz ja compound verb to divide into two dwajz twin; double
parts
1 diw contraction of the particle and the copula
dwakhle f. fork, pitchfork 2 doj 1
dwadna 3 duj personal pronoun, third person plural 1.1 they (as the
suject of the action in all tenses) Who are they?
dwa zra numeral two-thousand
dwaz dwazay vacillating; uncertain Where are they going? 1.2 them (as the object of the
action with transitive verbs in ergative constructions)
to vacillate, be uncertain, be in a state of uncertainty
dwazhbajz dwazhbat 1 bilingual 2 insincere; He bought them. 2 oblique .1 them (as the object of the
action with transitive verbs in the present and future tenses)
two-faced
dwazhb f. compound verb a to express
Do you see them? 2.2 they (as the subject of the action with
transitive verbs in ergative constructions) What did
oneself unclearly b to confuse (a question)
they say? They bought a horse. 2.3 them (used
dwazhw ki m. plural amphibians
with prepositions, postpositions and adverbs) on them
dwa swa numeral two hundred
dwasawawm ordinal two-hundredth in them near them 2.4 their (in combination
with the preposition as a possessive pronoun) their
dwahkh f. 1 fork (in the road) 2 corner
house Zaheen and his relatives' friends came.
dwaghbrga double, two-fold
dwaghhj m. four-year-old bull or ox 4 dwe Western numeral feminine of
dwakasz 1 consisting of two persons 2 for two persons; dj l computer science binary
double (bed)
djla dawtn f. computer science binary file
dwagr j Step out!, Wide step! (as a command) dujch f. 1 gutter or channel for irrigation (in melon fields
and gardens) 2 trough at a well (into which water for live stock is
dwagr ja 1 twice 2 double, twice (as much)
poured)
dwagraj cross-eyed; one-eyed, blind in one eye
dawz m. 1 scoundrel 2 coward
354
dwsti f. plural bride's girlfriends (who accompany her dahlz m. 1 passage(way); lobby, ante-room, hall(way) 2
singing wedding songs) anatomy auricle, atrium
dul m. duel dehimazng m. Dehmazang (a neighborhood in Kabul)
dwajm ordinal second dhund m. regional fog
duj f. 1 discord, dissension, split ... to dehnishn settled (as contrasted to nomadic)
introduce discord 2 duplicity dahan f.
1
deh 1 m. village 2 used in geographic names Dehisabz dhr m. weaver
(an administrative region of Kabul Province) dhok f. regional deception, fraud 2
2
d oblique of 1 pronoun 1 him, it (in combination with dah f. first ten days of the month of Moharram
prepositions and postpositions) in it to him 1 dj day, d Eastern copula third person singular, present
tell him with him 2 he (as the subject of the tense, Western 1 is this is a table 2 is, is located
action with transitive verbs in ergative constructions) he the book is on the table
said he asked 3 his (in combination with the 2 non-emphatic pronoun second person singular (it cannot begin
preposition as a possessive pronoun) his book a sentence) 1 you (familiar form, as the subject of the action with
his arm hurts transitive verbs in ergative constructions) Have
you had dinner? 2 you (familiar form, as the object of the action
3 da copula, third person singular present tense, f. 1 is
this is a chair this is a board 2 is (often used in
with transitive verbs in the present and future tenses)
sentences where the word is understood) ... it

When will I see you? 3 your (as possessive pronoun)
is true that ... it is known that
Where did your brother go? Did
your father bring you?
the notebook is on the table
dah f. Arabic 1 talent, giftedness 2 skill, know-how 3 modal-hortative particle (it cannot begin a sentence) let
deht country, rural, rustic Let him say. Let them go there.
dahn f. 1 mouth (of a river) 2 bit; curb, curb-bit 4 di copula third person plural present tense 1 are
dahbsh m. foreman Whose books are these? Whose notebooks
dahtur f. botony datura, thorn-apple, Datura; common d. are these? 2 are, are located The books are
jimsonweed, Datura stranmonium on the table.
dahr m. Arabic 1 epoch, time 2 custom 3 success 4 danger 5
daj third person singular (oblique ) pronoun 1 he, it (as the
5 atheism, godlessness subject of the action with intransitive verbs in all tenses and with
dahrd m. Daraud (inhabited place in Kandahar transitive verbs in the present and future tenses)
Province) Where is he going? What is he doing? 2 him, it (as
dharmshstr m. Hindu laws, the laws of Brahminism the object of the action with transitive verbs in ergative
dehisbz m. Dekhisabz (administrative region in constructions) They saw him.
Kabul Province) 6
de oblique of pronoun 1 her, it (in combinations with
dhasi pronoun prepositions and postpositions) a in this b at this time
dahsht m. Arabic panic in a panic c in it, in her a in order to b because of, on account
dahsum f. ten rubles, ten-ruble note of (the fact that) 2 she, it (as the subject of the action with
dehq n m. 1 peasant, plowman, farmer, dekhkanin transitive verbs in ergative constructions) she said 3 her
dehqn 1 peasant 2 f. .1 the occupation of farming 2.2 the (in combination with the preposition as a possessive pronoun)
metayaage system compound verb a to engage in her mother
agriculture b to be a metayer 7 de Western contraction of the particle and the pronoun
dahl f. djr m. country, province proverb to
dahlawl transitive [past: ] to scare, frighten; become a laughing-stock
intimidate djr m. Himalayan cedar, deodar, Cedrus deodara
dahl f. Dahla (inhabited place near Kandahar) dj rlas numeral
dehl, dehlj m. Delhi New Delhi djlektk m. dialectics dialectician
dahledl intransitive [past: ]to be frightened; fear;
djlektik dialectical dialectical
shake, tremble, shudder from fear
materialism
dijnt 1 honesty; decency 2 piety, religiosity
355
dijnatd r honest, decent dizel jl m. fuel

dijnatdr f. honesty, decency dezinfeksjn m. disinfection compound
deb m. evil spirit, demon verb to disinfect
dbet m. economics debit des m. country (usually in India)
dibchk m. staff, pikestaff des 1 Indian (of merchandise, etc.) 2 local
dbtsa f. dbsa f. decimtr m. decimeter
deprtm n m. 1 section, bureau 2 department digh m. dialect 2
diplm m. diploma graduate engineer dek f. push, impulse, impetus
diplom t m. diplomat deg m. 1 boiler steam boiler 2 pot, pan, saucepan
diplomt 1 diplomatic 2 m. diplomat deg n m. Degan (the name of Tajiks in the south of
diplomtk diplomatic diplomatic corps Afghanistan)
diploms 1 diplomatic diplomatic degn Tajik the Tajik language, Farsi
passport 2 f. diplomacy degch f. degchy m.
dep f. 1 warehouse, storehouse 2 depot compound degd n m. hearth; trivet
verb to put together, accumulate, amass compound verb digr other, different
to be put together, be accumulated deglj m. degay m. pot; pan
depozt m. 1 finance deposit 2 mining deposit degj m.
dkhw here deg cleaned (for cooking grain) compound verb to
did m. 1 vision compound verb to see He clean (grain for cooking)
is sharp-eyed. 2 rendezvous, meeting dajl f. cards ten-spot
did n m. rendezvous, meeting One dil dialect here
can't see enough of her. 1 djam contraction of the pronoun 1 and the conjunction
didb n m. 1 sight; rear sight (of a shotgun) 2 tower 3 2 djam contraction of the particle 1 and the conjunction
observer; scout demokr t 1 democratic poet-democrat 2
didan f. 1 what (I) saw, what (I) experienced 2 privations, m. democrat
hardships, disasters, ordeals demokrtk democratic
didw n m. regional democratic centralism
dir m. Dir the principality of Dir demokrtik democratic
dir, der 1 late, tardy 2 long ago, a long time ago, for a long time demokrs 1 f. democracy compound verb
derp firm, durable, stable, steady a to democratize b democratization 2 democratic
dersh numeral thirty on democratic principles
dershm ordinal thirtieth demisezn light-weight (coat, worn in spring or fall)
dirk m. 1 mast 2 pole (of a tent), tent pole 1 dajn m. Arabic [plural: daynna and Arabic
direktf m. directive duyn] debt (monetary)
djrlas numeral thirteen 2
din m. Arabic [plural: dinna and Arabic ady n]
djarlasm ordinal thirteenth 1 religion 2 used in proper names Muhammaddin
der f. 1 dwelling, shelter; residence head of the 3 dajn m. beginning
house We came home. 2 stopping place camp, din r m. Arabic 1 dinar (Indian coin equal to 0.1 paisa) 2
temporary quarters history gold coin, gold piece 3 dinar (the monetary unit in Iraq)
compound verb a to settle, take up residence b to pitch, set up dinmt m. dynamite
(camp), encamp 3 hut 4 used in geographical names dindra 1 believing, religious 2 virtuous
Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan (both cities denishn
in north-west Pakistan) ding jutting out, sticking out, protruding, projecting
dajr f. tambourine compound verb to jut out, protrude, stick out
deradzh t m. plural Deradzhat districts in Dera Ghazi compound verb to swell, rise
Khan and Dera Ismail Khan (Pakistan) dinaw Arabic religious, spiritual theology
dizntar dna literary used in place of 3 6
dzl m. diesel (engine) dna Eastern used in place of before this
after this
356
din Arabic 1 religious religious holidays express confidence in the ultimate victory
theologian 2 foster, adoptive foster child I have lost faith in you.
dinij t m. plural Arabic theology; religion class (in school) gerna f. comforting, consolation reassuring
(literally: God's Law) compound verb to calm, quiet, reassure, console
dew m. 1 devil, evil spirit 2 giant 3 demon na f. warkawna 1 reassurance, comforting,
dew l m. dew r m. 1 wall 2 anatomy wall consolation 2 confirmation, assurance
proverb to be obstinate, persist, refuse stubbornly awl denominative, transitive [past: and
proverb The walls have ears. ]1 to console, comfort, soothe 2 to confirm; assure
He lives next door to me. 1 a f. 1 ear of corn of milky-wax ripeness
dewl wall wall newspaper wall compound verb to form ears of milky-wax ripeness (of corn,
clock maize) 2 unripe ear of maize or ears of grain roasted on a fire
diwlj m. regional bankrupt compound verb to roast unripe ears of maize or ears of grain
1 dew n, diw n m. divan, collection of a poet's poems 2 1 calmed, soothed; calm, assured
compound verb to calm, soothe compound verb to calm
(arranged in alphabetic order of rhythm and by genre)
down, regain one's composure; be convinced of, be certain of
2
dew n, diw n m. [plural: dewnna, diwnna and
Arabic dawwn] court; tribunal dew n-i-harb,
something He calmed down. ! Be calm! 2
quiet, peaceful (of life)
diw n-i-harb military tribunal
3 dew n m. proper noun Devan jna f. confidence, certitude, assurance
dewnkhn, diwnkhn f. court, courthouse, courtroom ejl transitive
dewnag f. madness, insanity, the state of being possessed r m. 1 fear, dread, terror; apprehension I
won't be the least bit afraid. compound
dewn 1 mad, insane 2 foolish 3 literary madly in love
verb to be frightened, feel frightened, be afraid (of), to dread; fear
dewn, diwn 1 judicial 2 law civil judge for
2 threat
civil cases the civil code
dewbnd m. Dewband (inhabited place in India where the rdzaplaj frightened, terrified, scared
Muslim sacred academy is located)
rn 1 timid, timorous, cowardly 2 m. coward
dewda f. salute, welcoming volley (of a detachment of tribal rawl transitive [past: ] to threaten; frighten,
intimidate
warriors) compound verb to greet or salute with a volley
(of a detachment of tribal warriors)
drwinzm m. Darwinism
dews m. [plural: ] 1 corner (in a tent, where
ra f. 1 hut, cabin 2 awning (above a door, etc.)
people usually eat and where the dishes are kept) 2 rack, counter
edl intransitive [past: and ] to be afraid,
fear, be apprehensive to be afraid of the dark
(for dishes) 3 low mound of earth along the walls of a peasant's
house
k m. regional the post, the mail
to send by mail
dujn m. Arabic plural of 1
d jaw mkha completely, entirely; together kr m. doctor, physician ophtalmologist
everyone is to go away to carry everything away
kar f. 1 the occupation of a doctor; medical work
diwizjn division medical instruments 2 medical
kkhn f. post office
k m.
kwl m. 1
the fourteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet; retroflex (cerebral) d kutb m. 1 k f. 1 the act of carrying out a raid 2
p m. printing reprint (e.g., of an article) postal delivery (the occupation)

m. 1 calming, quieting, soothing, comfort, consolation 1
k m. 1
regional raid
self-calming compound verb to be compound verb to carry out a raid
quieted, be consoled Eastern His heart was quieted. 2 k f. 2
2 confirmation, assurance confirm kam r m. robber, bandit
receipt of the letter compound verb a to calm, console 1 k m. 1 postman, letter-carrier 2 courier
a to console b to confirm; assure 3 certitude, 2 k plural of 1, 2
confidence, sureness with confidence
kem r m. regional
357
1
g m. ngh 1 lagging, falling behind 2 to bring up the rear (of a
2
g 1 m. .1 dale, plain, flatland (as contrasted to forest or column, of a procession)
mountains) plateau 1.2 steppe 1.3 barn floor, threshing nwukj f. swimming

floor 2 level and bald, flat and barren (of land, terrain) nl m. stick with torches at the ends (which is twirled
to destroy the enemy compound verb to rapidly)
remove, push aside to overpay, pay dearly for 1
nlaj m. person who is grabbed by the hands and feet
something; miscalculate, make a mistake in counting and swung about (in a game)
a to deceive, fool b to get somone to cut the price of 2
nolj f. game in which someone is grabbed by the
something, let something go cheap hands and feet and swung about
gawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to destroy; 1 naj m. cluster or bunch of grapes
devestate, lay waste to, ravage 2 nj m. short stick, baton
1
g f. 1 post, pole, column 2 beam, joist 3 shaft; flagstaff, 3 nj m. 1 flame 2 1 3 beam, girder, joist, rafter
flagpole to speak frankly, speak without beating about 4 balance beam (of scales)
the bush ns m. dance She is a good dancer.
2 g f. muslin (fabric) nshl m. dancing
3 ga f. 2 ng m. 1 club, cudgel 2 mace 3 shaft, staff
1 g m. 1 proverb to beat the air
2 g steppe nglakj f. 1 flycatcher of paradise (a bird) 2 regional
3 gj m. 1 lecher, rake 2 squanderer, spendthrift 3 person drongo (a bird)
with a large protruding forehead ng m. lanky fellow, spindleshanks, spindlelegs, gangling
fellow
4
gj f. low mound of earth along the walls of a peasant's
house
ngurj m. ngury f. crutch; cane, walking-
stick
gedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
destroyed, be devastated, be ravaged nga f. 1 leg (from the thigh to the foot) 2 pole (telegraph,
m. the name of the letter
1 etc.) 3 mast
2 l m. 1 shield 2 technology washer, gasket, spacer; rest, stop 1 ngj m. 1 step 2 club, cudgel
politics buffer state 3 ngj f. botany twinflower
to advance against the enemy with arms in hand wnaj m. shawl, veil, yashmak
to surrender, capitulate compound verb to parry, to jaks m. chemistry dioxide carbon
deflect a blow we are prepared to repulse dioxide
m. ropewalker 1
ab 1 m. .1 pit, hole 1.2 puddle 1.3 whirlpool, eddy 2.1
m. dollar standing, stagnant (of water) stagnant water
lgh aj m. warrier with shield; warrier in full regalia compound verb to dam, impound 2.2 having stayed, having
lfn m. dolphin delayed compound verb to linger, stay too long, stop
l-u-l m. dressing stylishly, dress smartly 2
ab m. 1 interjection boom, bang 2 m. .1 knock, rumble,
to dress in the latest fashion din, roar compound verb a to knock b to fall with a great
lj f. 1 watchtower 2 basket (of flowers) 3 present, gift; noise, fall with a crash c to be heard (of a sound) d figurative to
souvenir compound verb to present with something, lose stature, lose respect 2.2 blow compound verb to
make a present of something 4 cradle strike, hit 2.3 loss compound verb to suffer a loss, incur
mbraj m. granary, storehouse; warehouse a loss compound verb to cause damage or loss 2.4
n m. shaft; stalk, stem greatness, grandeur
n m. ns bow (of a cotton comber, carder) 3
ab m. 1 force, strength, power, might 2 form; shape 3
nswl m. nsay cotton comber, cotton conduct, behavior
carder ab m.
nsaj m. nswl cotton comber, cotton ablj m. earthen corncrib
carder ab waj m. stamp, die (for stamping or minting coins, etc.)
ns f. work of a cotton comber abtr m. favus, mange, scabies
358
ababanj, ababnj 1.1 indecisive; vascillating, wavering abn dug up, in holes, in pits and bumps
1.2 compound verb a to be in a state of indecision, 1 b stout, fat, obese, corpulent
waver, vascillate b to be alarmed, be disturbed, be worried 2 m. 2 ab oblique of
.1 indecision 2.2 alarm, agitation, anxiety, worry abu kh m.
ubng m. lout, bumpkin abub, abwb m. 1 assault and battery; fight, brawl
1
abb m. clash of arms, skirmish 2 noise, uproar, hubbub compound verb a to fight,
2
abb 1 unconscious, lifeless, numb 2 having lost one's brawl, start a fight b to make noise, raise a din, create a hubbub
head bs puffy
abj sick abawl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat, strike; knock,
br destroyed, annihilated; ruined bang on compound verb to knock on a door
bartj f. compound verb to stamp one's foot 2 to beat, beat up, beat
abarkj f. pebble unmercifully
abarw laj m. destruction, annihilation; ruin 1
ab f. 1 place of assembly 2 raised platform, scaffold; low
abarawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to mound of earth along the walls of a peasant's house 3 platform,
destroy, annihilate; ruin rostrum 4 railroad car first-class car 5 crossroads,
abra f. 1 stone, rock stone house
1
crossing 6 center (of a market)
precious stones 2 rock cornerstone abh r m. knocking, rapping; din, thunder, roar; crackling,
idiom to keep a secret rattle
idiom to keep a secret; raise someone's hopes by promising 1
ab feminine plural of 1 2
a high price (in trade) idiom a to be 2
abj m. 1 club, cudgel 2 battledore, paddle (for washing
pugnacious b to start a quarrel idiom to be the laundry) 3 box
stubborn, persist in archeology Stone Age 3
ubj f. bottle gourd, crookneck squash for snuff
2 abr f. black-bellied ryabok 4
ubj f. trembling, tremor; quivering, twitching
1 ibr f. nut, female screw compound verb to tremble, quiver His heart was
2 abrj f. snare for birds fluttering.
abaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to perish, 5 abj f. net, snare
die 6 abj f. regional sleeping compartment (on a train)
abarn stone, stony; rocky abjlj well-bred; courteous, civil
abarna f. rocky terrain abedl intransitive [past: ] to be beaten up, be given a
1 abl, abl 1 double double pay telegram thrashing
with paid reply folding door 2 large large 1 ap m. puddle, pool
carpet European bread (in the shape of a loaf, long loaf, ap m. 1 loss to cause a loss 2 conceit
etc.) to get a swelled head
2
bl, bl m. regional military double-time march, rapid 2 p m. 1 hill; mound, knoll, hillock 2 hill near a village
march compound verb to urge someone on; where people take walks 3 pile of earth compound
hurry someone compound verb to hurry, rush verb to be covered with bubbles (of dough)
to come out quickly, come running out 3 ip m. assistant regional district chief
ablk m. coat; overcoat iplm m.
abll intransitive [past: ] to part from someone, say pa f. 1 platform, scaffold 2 low mound of earth along the
goodbye to someone walls of a peasant's house
abln m. Dublin t m. 1 noise of ginning of cotton 2 smack, slap
bl m. 1
abaly 1 battledore, paddle (for doing the tn 1.1 cowardly 1.2 mean, vile, low, underhanded 2 m. .1
laundry) 2 rolling pin 3 bread made from flour of various grains coward 2.2 scoundrel, villain, rascal
4 1
ati f. plural 1 digging up the soil (by a hen) 2 rubbish,
1
ablj m. nonsense
2
abalj f. wooden mallet, wooden beetle (for breaking up 2 tj
clumps of earth) ach m. Dutchman, Hollander
ablim r m. conjurer; juggler
ablimr f. 1 comjuring tricks 2 juggling
359
chka f. 1 amble compound verb to amble 2 f. clod, clump (of soil); cup (of a hookah)
to trot one's horse 2 sumptuousness, splendor, a-baa f. woman who has died young
magnificence 3 fame, glory, respect 4 trembling, tremor aaj 1 dull, dim-witted, obtuse 2 flabby; lazy, indolent
chawl transitive [past: ] to make a horse go at a 1 aj m. 1 dummy calf (which is placed next to a cow that
pace, pace a horse has recently lost its calf) 2 pillow
cha f. 2 aj f. powder flask
1 a 1 m. .1 hollow 1.2 low, dull sound; hoarse voice; bass, j-bj swollen, bloated (from illness)
basso 2 attributive .1 hollow; empty 2.2 low, dull (of a sound); aedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to swell
rough, hoarse (of a voice) He became hoarse. 3 (up); distend, become distended; be puffed up, be swollen 2 to
swollen become rough, become hoarse (of the voice) 3 to become hollow,
2 a m. 2 form a hollow
a-b 1 m. man who has died young 2 swollen aaj
abekj f. anatomy mastoid bone rm m.
atb m. f. hollow; empty space; cavity, void rmtmst m.
aznaj m. anatomy temple rmtmk rmaw dramatic
agj f. rm f. drama; play tragedy
am m. weed comedy dramaturgy
ankaj m. anatomy lower jaw, mandible rm liknkaj m. playwright, dramatist
ana f. search ar n m. 1 lowing, mooing; bellow(ing) compound
1 m. 1 narghile, hookah 2 fat man verb to moo; bellow 2 shout, cry, scream, shriek
2 a m. quinsy, tonsillitis rjwr m. driver, chauffeur a truck driver
3 a oblique plural of rjwar f. driving (an automobile, etc.) to
aw laj m. be a driver, be a chauffeur
1 aza f. 1 acrid smoke, fumes 2 dense smoke 3 haze, fog rpl m. 1 toady, sycophant, bootlicker 2 parasite;
2 aza f. regional scoundrel, blackguard; lout, boor
awhj m. earring 1 rpal f. 1 sycophancy, toadyism, flattery, fawning
aawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to inflate; compound verb to grovel 2 caddishness, loutishness
blow, fan 2 to empty, make hollow, hollow out 3 figurative to 2 arpalj m. kind of vegetable
lead someone astray rsk m. assemblage, crowd
an m. search, investigation compound verb to rodzhn f.
search for rh r m. nonsense, rubbish ! Nonsense!
1
a f. 1 direction northerly direction rj f. gibe, sneer, taunt compound verb to make fun
the outskirts of the village 2 side side by side of, mock, make a fool of, insult
compound verb a to lean on, lean sideways b to take rajwr m.
something on oneself compound verb to turn away, turn rajwar f.
aside ... a to step aside, yield the right-of-way, let 1 az, z m. [plural: azna, zna and f. plural
someone go ahead b figurative to avoid, shun; evade, shirk c to Eastern dialect ze, ze] shot compound verb to
refrain, abstain (e.g., from voting) shoot (at), fire (at) to shoot a gun
to avoid someone compound verb a to lean on, compound verb to shoot, fire compound verb to take a shot
lean sideways b to calm down, compose oneself c to cope with (at), fire a shot (at)
(an assignment, etc.) d to be inclined toward something 2
z 1 stupid, dumb (of a person) 2 m. .1 a stupid person,
Wouldn't you like to go for a walk? dummy 2.2 windbag, babbler
compound verb a to lean on, lean sideways b to undertake to do azz m. azz m. exchange of shots, firing, skirmish
something with enthusiasm to lean out (of the azw l m. rifleman
window) to lie down on one's side a to set azughp 1 m. skirmish, clash 2 in a flash, in the
aside b to remove, resolve (e.g., differences) ... twinkling of an eye
a to avoid something b to hide oneself, cover oneself (e.g., azawl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat, thrash (with a
from the rain) ... to reach, amount to (of monetary stick) 2 to shoot, fire
sums) I am not worried. zh r m. shots, shooting, firing, fire
360
1 zaj used as the second part of word formations compound verb to fill a tooth 2 to charge, load
a ten-round rifle compound verb to load a gun 3 to stuff, cram
2 ze, ze f. plural of 1 to stuff a child with sweets 4 to incite, instigate to
azedl intransitive [past: ]to be thrashed, be beaten up instigate a quarrel to replace something
badly 1 ak f. 1 blow, stroke; collision; push, shove
esk m. table; (school) desk crowd 2 confinement (in a prison), incarceration 3 mirage 4
ski f. plural lie; lying compound verb to (tell a) the shadow of a fairy or ghost (said to bring on trouble)
lie compound verb a to push b to cast a shadow 5 state of frenzy,
ismbr m. December state of being possessed compound verb a to receive a
isms regionalism discharged, demobilized, demobbed blow b to be frenzied 6 regional rout, destruction (of the enemy)
compound verb to be discharged, be demobbed 2
ak f. Dacca
gh m. 1 medicine Basedow's disease, exophthalmic goiter 2 3
ka f. 1 singular of 3 2 pregnant (of animals)
kind of bird 3 regional person with bulging eyes, goggle-eyed 4
ak f. 1 caravan stopping place 2 embankment, quay 3
person occurrence, happening, event, incident
ghghj f. children's game 5 ak f. obligation
aghra f. 1 pushing 2 butting 3 collision ka khul with wide-open mouth, with mouth agape
compound verb to collide, bash against compound verb akan k raging, frenzied, possessed, obsessed
a to push b to butt c to collide to 1 ki f. plural of 3 I wanted to
encounter various events 4 surf, breakers sleep.
ghri f. plural twaddle, idle talk
1
2
kaj m. 1 stalk, stem; shoot, sprout 2 small bush, shrub 3
2 agharj f. butting to butt fluff, down (on the beard) There were
aqra f. few black hairs in his beard.
1 uk m. 2 3 akj f. rise a sharp rise
2 k m. oak leaf akedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
3 ak 1 full, filled; overfilled filled, be packed, be stuffed tears welled
pitcher full of water the up in the eyes 2 to be charged, be loaded 3 to be crammed, be
room was full deep creek The air stuffed 4 to be pregnant (of animals) 5 to be induced, be incited
was full of noise. My heart is full of love g m. 1 log 2 hearth, bonfire 3
for you. 2 abounding in something 3 charged, loaded aggalj m. collapse (in the economy, etc.)
This gun is loaded. 4 sated, satiated 5 figurative pregnant ggj m.
This policy is fraught with danger. gagj f. rocky, uneven terrain
4 ak m. 1 collision compound verb to collide with 2 gr m. 1 steppe; field field of battle 2 area,
mercenary motive; self-interest compound verb to have a square 3 ground, area, site, (e.g., take-off and landing ground)
selfish motive airfield The plane
ak r m. belch(ing), eructation landed. platform 4 arena; field a to
compound verb to belch appear in the arena, become well known b to be divulged (of a
uk l m. 1 drought 2 death by starvation 3 sudden death secret) 5 sphere of action, use, application to put
aktb m. akty f. into practice proverb to leave with nothing
akr m. grdzhanr l m. general of the army
akor f. grdzhanrl f. rank of general of the army
ukr f. tambourine grmn m. lieutenant colonel
kshinar f. dictionary compound verb to grman f. rank of lieutenant colonel
compile a dictionary grw l m. colonel
akw laj m. 1 fullness 2 filling (up) grwl f. rank of colonel
akawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to fill agra f. waste land, vacant land
(up), pack; stuff to pack a suitcase with books igr f. 1 decree, decision of a court 2 (advanced) academic
to pour a full cup of tea degree
Eastern to pour coffee into a cup compound verb to fill ugln m. trot (horse's gait of 200 meters per minute)
in a hole compound verb to load a cartridge compound verb to go at a trot, trot to trot a horse,
361
gl f. riding breeches, narrow trousers 1 amgj m. pond

ga f. sex organ, penis 2 mgj m. diminutive of 1
agj m. skinny calf (male) emokrs f.
1 al m. shovel for mounding up beds and for digging irrigation amawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to hold
ditches back the water; turn into a swamp, swamp
2 al m. rendered fat, melted fat rendered fat ma, ma f. [plural: mi and m ni] 1
3 al m. 1 grove 2 group, detachment (female) singer 2 hairdresser (who dresses a bride)
1 algj m. diminutive of 3 2 1 mi feminine plural of
2 algj f. military squad, section 2 mi swamp 2 2
algjmshr m. military squad leader, section leader 3 m f. children's game
alogj f. old vixen, sly old woman amedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
stagnate, stand too long (of water) 2 to turn into a swamp, become
la f. 1 group; union, society a group of
a swamp
pupils 2 society, company; collective in their
collictive in one's circle 3 crowd a by
mra f. bumblebee 1
groups b in crowds 4 row, group
ambra f. sumac (kind of tree) idiom to
thrash someone, beat someone up
Many countries of Asia, including
Afghanistan 5 biology class 6 herd; flock; school
an 1 m. .1 lake 1.2 puddle 1.3 fertile valley 1.4
shimmering surface (of a mirror, etc.) 2 attributive
a biology class of fish b school of fish 7 system (e.g., river
system) in the Logar river system 8 type, in stagnant water compound verb to stagnate, stand
too long (of water) The streets were
category 9 politics class the working class 10
covered with puddles. The blue expanse of the
politics party the nationalist party 11 grove
ocean. the blue sea swimming pool
editorial board linguistics consonant cluster
alajz idiom things came to a standstill
alaw l m. fellow-worker, colleague an f.
alajz pertaining to the collective; collective, group; social an p m.
affairs of the collective 1 anr f. 1 stalk; stem, trunk 2 twig, sprig, shoot
alj f. 1 trash bin; garbage pail 2 manure bag 3 bag for 2 anr f. bumblebee
gathering figs 4 snow drift 5 pile (of hay, grass)
an s m.
1
m, um m. 1 barber saying
an kaj m. anatomy pelvic bone
Hunger is no joking matter (literally: we weren't barbers, necessity
anlj m. town-crier, herald
forced us) 2 musician; singer (among the tribes)
an w m. 1
2
am 1 m. .1 pond; lake 1.2 spot, stain compound
nr m. 1 1 2 ring of an earring (put into the nose)
3 scape 4 stalk with ear attached
verb to soil compound verb to be soiled 2 attributive
stagnant water compound verb to suffer failure
anghr m. straw residue (after feeding livestock)
am m. beat(ing) (of a drum), drumbeat
3 ankj m. kichri-kurut (a porridge dish)
1 amm f. drum; kettledrum to beat the drum anglaj m. lotus
2 am ma f. hole, pit; cavity, depression; pot-hole anb insensible, unfeeling, numb
m mi stagnant water anorch m. town-crier, herald
m n plural of 1 anor f. 1 proclaiming, announcing (by drumbeat)
1 ambra f. bumblebee compound verb to make public 2 good repute,
fame
2 ambra f. 2
umbk m. drum anorch m.
umbakj m. small drum anraj m. 1
amb f. trowel anuk ri f. plural yelling, shouting
compound verb to yell, shout
ambh r m. beat(ing) (of a drum); sounds (of a tambourine)
mpng m. economics dumping ankaj m. 1 pond; pool 2 puddle
amtur f. botony datura anawl denominative, transitive
amm m. drumbeat 1 an f. 1 club, stick (for ball games) 2 (balance) beam (of a
scale) 3 handle (of a toothbrush) 4 trunk; stalk
362
2
na f. 1 section of a field in the form of a long strip (on ubj m. snuffbox (for chewing tobacco)
which rice is grown) 2 windrow (for water retention) ubedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
compound verb to make windrows (for water retention) immersed (in a liquid); sink 2 to disappear (of water in the sand)
an kelk m. 1 sports polo 2 2 3 to set (of the sun) 4 figurative to meditate, be immersed in
anj f. 1 (balance) beam (of a scale) compound

thought 5 to lose consciousness to be carried away
by the spectacle
verb to give short weight, cheat in weighing 2 ear lobe
anedl denominative, intransitive ubednkaj present participle of
Eastern The sun is setting.
anj f. outrunner, trace-horse
1 ng m. 1 ring or sound of metal 2 sounds (of music) upkanj f. hillock, heap, mound
2 ang surprised, astonished, startled, staggered 1 upj f. underground reservoir
ang m. 2 upj f. lameness, limping compound verb to
limp, be lame
anglj f. kind of damson plum
ngng m. to u m. lotus blossom
celebrate a wedding solemnly
u f. 1 thistle 2 boll or pod of the poppy
1
angr, ngr m. Peshawar 1 singular and plural cattle,
oza f. 1
neat cattle 2 [plural: ngr] bull; ox
o f. 1 2 corn bread
2 angr, ngr thin, skinny, gaunt, emaciated 1 uj m. 1 anatomy ilium 2 children's game
ngrk diminutive skinny little 2 aj m. spy
ngrka 1 feminine singular of 2 f. pileate 3 oj f. o f. 1 bread; flat bread black
bread white bread bread baked
mushroom
in a tandoori fry-pan bread bread baked in
angrw laj m. thinness, leanness
an oven formed bread European-style bread
1 ngrj
2 ingarj f. buy one flat bread 2 meal, dinner at
dinner supper, dinner lunch
ingalj f. sweep, shadoof (of a well)
ang-w-ng m. sounds (of music and singing)
a poor wedding (one without music and singing) dining room table setting
compound verb to eat, dine to dine, have lunch
angawl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat the drum 2
to announce, notify (by beating the drum) 3 to play (the rebab,
to sit down at the table, start a meal
etc.) to act on one's own responsibility, at one's
He dined with us. 3 entertaining, treating
compound verb compound
own risk
verb to treat to go for dinner to invite
ngh r m. beat(ing) (of a drum); sounds (of a tambourine)
for dinner to live by lessons
angedl intransitive [past: ] to sound, ring out,
resound (of music)
oj pakhawnkaj m. 1 cook 2 baker
angiw l wide open (of a door, a gate) ojghp 1 voracious, gluttonous 2 m. glutton
anm rk m. Denmark ojkugh laj m. tandoori (oven for baking bread)
anmrk 1 Danish Danish (language) 2 Dane ojm r m. hospitable person
ub 1 immersed (in a liquid); submerged, sunken 2 figurative ojwl m. baker
to be lost in thought, be plunged into thought, be absorbed in
or m. 1 bottom-land deciduous forest, flood-plain forest 2
hollow; cavity; empty space, void
thought to be upset about, be discouraged
What are you upset about? to be surprised (at 1 or torn, ripped compound verb to tear, rip
someone, something) Eastern He was
2 or f. 1 1
lost in melancholy thoughts.
1 urj m. scarecrow
ubln with an uneven gait (of a horse) 2 orj f. 1 grave 2 Dori (river to the south of Kandahar)
bla f. uneven gait orj f. thin striped fabric (used for the veil)
ubmk m. torpedo, mine uzk m. 1 chatterbox, windbag 2 abusive person suffering
from flatulence
ubawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
immerse (in a liquid); sink (e.g., a ship) to
uzn m. 1
drown one's sorrows in wine
za f. 1 rubbish, nonsense nonsense 2 exageration
compound verb a to talk nonsense b to exagerate
363
1 zi f. 1 plural of 2 desperate lies 2

ol m. 1 drum alarm compound verb to
2 uzj 1 shallow (of a person) 2 lying, mendacious beat the drum 2 hopper, feed bin, funnel (of a mill) 3 pail 4
ugh m. cough toothed wheel of a water-lifting wheel (which the working ox is
1 ughl m. hole, pit; depression; hollow, cavity 2 crater 3 closest to) saying to dance to somebody's tune
precipice, abyss, gulf 4 cough 3 ul m. slow gait, slow walk
2
ughl transitive olnga f. 1 chilren's game (a song sung door-to-door in
ughn m. [plural: ]coughing person; patient who early spring) 2 abusive blockhead, dunderhead 3 slacker, idler,
suffers from a persistent cough loafer
ughawl transitive olbr f. 2 2
ughedl intransitive olkr m.
uk m. small branch, twig proverb there is olch f. 1 small washtub (for washing up and for laundry) 2
a terrible cold spell (literally: a bird grows stiff on the branch, a small bucket (at a well)
bird freezes on the branch) olch m. drummer
uk l m. ol l m.
uk f. tambourine ol-abalj m. household utensils; goods and chattels
1 uk f. 1 textiles strand of five threads 2 cluster or bunch of oll m. 1 dress, attire, finery 2 dressing in the latest
dates fashion, foppery, dandyism compound verb to play
2 ok f. cunning, slyness; ruse, trick, subterfuge the dandy compound verb to dress up
3 ok f. slut olk m. 1 1 small drum to
okam r m. deceiver, trickster, swindler, cheat drum 2 box
kaj m. 1 brushwood 2 fluff, down olk m. drummer
His beard has begun to grow. ulawl transitive [past: ] to drive, urge on slowly
1
ogr 1.1 poor (of a person) 1.2 not deserving trust, 1 ol f. 1 hole, pit; depression 2 ravine 3 rut, groove 4
untrustworthy 2 m. .1 poor man 2.2 fellow-traveler, traveling dialect dense forest, pine forest idiom to
companion play a mean trick on someone
ogr m. Dorga (a people of India)
2
2 ula oblique singular and short form plural of 1
ogramst m. collective noun the poor 1 aul 1 m. dandy, man of fashion, fop 2 beautiful; smart,
ugl m. being upset, being distressed; dispondency, dejection, well-dressed; adorned beautiful city compound
grief, sorrow verb to dress up
ugawl transitive [past: ] to reproach; censure, 2
awalj m. wealth, property
reprimand 3
olj, ulj f. palanquin (in which a bride is customarily
og m. person who tidies up the village and does errands for carried) idiom regional sandstorm
the villagers uledl intransitive [past: ] to go slowly, walk slowly
aul, dawl m. 1 kind, type; way, means ... ...
1
oljm r m. palanquin bearer
in the capacity of something umrl transitive [past: ] 1 to incite, instigate
in brief In what way? something 2 to lower one's eyes
temporarily of such a type umbska f. knob, protuberance
In such a way freely very good umbk m. 1 tambourine 2 chat (a bird of the thrush
in pure form automatically family)
clearly in the following way that's not umbka f. female chat (a bird of the thrush family)
so completely in another way mbkj m. small drum; tambourine, gong
however that may be by no means umboj m. pile (of manure). dung hill, manure heap
anyhow of a different sort on leave 2 sort, umkj m.
grade, quality grade-A flour 3 kind, nature, character on m. the Don (river)
the kind of exports in various 1 on m.
years 4 brand, make (e.g., of a car); system, type 2 un killed, dead, lost
aircraft of a new design a new type of government un kaj m. pelvic bone
5 style 6 smartness of dress, dandyism 7 grammar aspect (of
verbs)
364
1
ong m. 1 stealing (of livestock), cattle-rustling 2 seizure for a long time now
(e.g., of property) 3 robbery, raid compound verb a to They sat for a long time. to ask a high price
steal, rustle (cattle) b to seize (e.g., property) c to carry out a raid proverb He who talks a lot does little.
2 ong m. 1 arrogance, haughtiness 2 mockery, sneer, gibe proverb many mouths, many words (there are as
ungng m. 1 refusing, making excuses 2 grumbling many minds as there are heads) 1.2 frequent; abundant; large
compound verb a to refuse, make excuses b to compound verb to give a large harvest compound
grumble verb a to be frequent; be abundant (e.g., of rains)
ungrj f. 1 oar; paddle 2 ladle In spring there is abundant rainfall b to have an abundant
ungl f. sweep, shadoof (at a well) crop, be abundant (of the harvest) This year
ungn grumbling, peevish, querulous the wheat crop was good 2 adverb .1 very, much
1 nga f. waist often very much at maximum very little
2 nga f. mockery, sneer, gibe very slowly 2.2 often You used to
ungh r m. buzzing (of flies, etc.) come here often.
1 ong m. mocker, scoffer er n m. f. manure pit; dump ! Such trash!
2 ong carrying out an assault or raid erpu multistory
ungedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grumble, express ertb m. erty , erht m. erw lay
one's displeasure 2 to sob m. 1 increase, growth; augmentation the increase in
wl m. small sheatfish population growth of production
uhr 1 aged, advanced in years, superannuated 2 weakened, to increase to increase (crop yields,
enfeebled etc.) 2 strengthening 3 development 4 abundance, plenty 5
oj m. anxiety, uneasiness majority a majority of votes 6 multiplicity,
iwzhn m. regional division numerical strength
hka f. ten erawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
helul m. regional increase, augment; multiply increase capital 2 to
1 aj m. textiles weaver's beam support strengthen 3 to develop to develop agriculture 4 to
2 j f. 1 tip-cat (a children's game) compound verb to further increase (wealth, etc.)
play tip-cat 2 fringe erawna f. 1 auction 2 increase, augmentation 3
ibk m. 1 precipice; slope, hill-side 2 development, growth
ib f. Oenanthe opistholeuca (an Old World thrush) 1
er f. 1
ibj f. milk pail 2
ra feminine and oblique singular of 1 long
ep m. servant, part of the retinue of, in the service of time
iplom t m. diplomat eradzh t m. plural
iplomt 1 diplomatic 2 m. diplomat 1 erj m.
iplomtk diplomatic 2 erj f. 1 pile; heap compound verb to dump, put
iploms 1 f. diplomacy 2 diplomatic into a pile 2 hill; hillock 3 manure pile, dung heap
ich m. 1 splendor, magnificence 2 being overdressed, eredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
overdressing
increase, grow; be augmented 2 to intensify 3 to develop 4
cha f 1 jerking; jumping 2 waves
biology to multiply, reproduce
in m. sweeper ered m. plural 1 increase, growth; augmentation
im m. increase in wages 2 strengthening 3 development 4
1 a f. volley biology reproduction
2 a f. 1 cork, stopper, plug 2 bushing 3 shaft in the center
iz jn m. drawing, figure; sketch, draft
of the lower millstone (on which the upper millstone rotates) 4
izl m. diesel
journal (of an axle, shaft)
izal jl m. diesel, heavy fuel oil
e 1 satiated, sated 2 patient 3 calm, quiet, tranquil is very full, satiated compound verb to satiate
er 1.1 numerous; large with the compound verb to be satiated
utmost pleasure much He has
es f. corn-cob
not come for a long time. ... It's a long time ago
ik f. dictation
now It was late night. much later
365
ig having an uneven gait (of a horse) ij f. street platform (where villagers gather and sit)
igig f. uneven gait to go at an uneven
gait
igln
igl zl 1 the fifteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number 700
1 il m. delay; being late; procrastination immediately in the abjad system
compound verb to be delayed; be late compound zt Arabic 1 m. [plural: zav t] .1 human being, person
verb to delay; postpone, drag out the persons mentioned below His Royal
2 il m. dialect 1 Highness 1.2 individual self respect 1.3 essence,
ilul m. substance the heart of the matter in
elw m. 1 essence, essentially 1.4 caste He is of the
ilu l m. dressing in the height of fashion, dandyism, Paracha caste. 2 attributive Well
fopishness compound verb to dress up she was just a woman; what could she do?
ilawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to delay; z tn Arabic 1 in substance; in essence, by virtue of one's
postpone, drag out nature 2 personally speaking; by one's self; notwithstanding
la f. cypress-grass, Cyperus (a medicinal plant) ztulbjn m. Arabic plural interrelationships
elj m. ztulbajn mutual interrelationships
iledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be differences, disagreements
delayed; be late (for) zt Arabic 1 inherent, innate, natural 2 adjective pertaining
imb f. oarlock to personnel, personnel 3 personal mercenary aims,
emokr t venal motives
in p m. cotton comber, cotton carder ztij f. Arabic 1 personality, person department of
1 ing 1 m. stork 2 tall; leggy, lanky personnel, personnel department 2 philosophy subjectivism
2 ing m. lullaby to sing a lullaby zkr Arabic remembering, recalling
3 ing m. Western windbag, braggart zkir f. Arabic memory
ing r m. boasting, bragging, vainglory zl m. Arabic the name of the letter
ing z feeble, frail, weak z Arabic tasting, trying, trying the flavor (of)
inging f. ingingy m. 1 zi f. Arabic taste
2 lullaby to sing a lullaby zabh f. Arabic
ingrj f. 1 mushroom 2 sweep, shadoof (at a well) 3 oar, zabhg h m. slaughterhouse, abattoir
paddle zbha f. 1 slaughter (of cattle) 2 sacrifice (of animals),
inglj f. sweep, shadoof (at a well) immolation a to slaughter (cattle) b to sacrifice
enj m. 1 (animal)
ewl m. bankrupt zabzab f. Arabic [plural: zabzab m. Arabic plural:
ew m. candlestick; pedestal (for a lampion, etc.) zabzab t] oscillation
ju f. regional 1 duty, watch 2 manning one's post 3 zba f.
service obligation a to do one's job; be on duty b zabh f. Arabic sacrifice, sacrificial animal the
to fulfill one's service obligation, carry out one's duty sacrifice to God, Allah's victim (an epithet of Ismael, the son of
ew m. 1 aromatic candle (lit for a wedding) 2 candlestick, Abraham)
earthenware stand (for a lamp) 3 long earring zakhr Arabic masculine plural of
iwj f. 1 porch; hall, corridor 2 iron decorations on a zakhir Arabic 1 f. [plural: zakhir m. Arabic plural:
parapet zakhr] .1 reserve, stock vocabulary
iwl m, small sheatfish, catfish compound verb to reserve to save, lay in a stock of
ew f. 1 lamp, lantern; oil lamp, lampion water compound verb to be reserved, be put aside in
kerosene lamp 2 figurative luminary a burning lamp b reserve 1.2 storage depot oil storage depot 1.3
figurative luminary (of the mind, etc.) [plural: zakhir] deposit ore deposits
ewakhwlaj pouting, with puffed-out cheeks (of a baby petroleum reserves coal deposits 2
who is getting ready to start crying) to get ready to attributive spare, reserve
cry zarr t m. Arabic plural
366
zar' m. Arabic plural zimmav r responsible person

zarrav atom; nuclear; atomic atomic war zimmavr f. responsibility
atomic bomb nuclear weapon zimm m. Arabic devoted Moslem
zarr f. Arabic [plural: zarr m. plural: zarr t] 1 zu Arabic combining form possessing, having, possessor legal
atom 2 minute particle; grain; speck of dust legal competent person
radioactive particles compound verb to tear into very zav t Arabic masculine plural of
small pieces compound verb to be torn into very small zuldzhal l religion All-High (an epithet of God)
pieces 3 biology blood corpuscle hemocytes, red blood zulfi r m. 1 proper name Zulfiqar 2
corpuscles zularnjn m. Arabic Twin-Horned (an epithet of
zarrabn m. 1 magnifying glass 2 microscope Alexander of Macedon)
zarr atomic; nuclear atomic energy zuldj m. Arabic legal competent person
zari' f. Arabic m. [plural: zar'] means; method zuljad f. original (as contrasted to a copy)
by means of something zaub m. Arabic fusing, melting
by mail by means of, zudzhinsjn m. Arabic plural botany bisexual flowers
in this way transport equipment; vehicles zuhajjtjn m. Arabic amphibian
zurri f. Arabic posterity; family; generation zau m. Arabic 1 wish, desire 2 enjoyment, pleasure 3 taste
zuk f. Arabic quick-wittedness, comprehension; perspicacity experts, connoisseurs appealing to one's
zakvt m. Arabic cleverness, quick-wittedness taste; confirming to one's taste to taste
quickness on the uptake proverb There is no agreement on tastes.
zkr m. zkr Arabic 1 mention, mentioning ... zaumn m. lover, enthusiast of something
It must be mentioned here that compound zulfa r m. Arabic 1 religion Cleaver of Vertebrae (an
verb to mention compound verb to be mentioned epithet of the sword of Ali) 2 proper name Zulfakar, Zulfaqar
the abovementioned persons ... It zihi m. Arabic mind, intellect; comprehension
is also necessary to mention No matter how much I strained my
As has been mentioned earlier 2 religion reading memory I couldn't recall. Their names have
of the Koran 3 repetition of the Divine Epithets; dervish rites flown from my memory. to increase in intellect
zakarij m. Arabic proper name Zachariah My head is working poorly.
zak Arabic 1 quick-on-the-uptake; quick, quick-witted 2 m. zihinashn imprinted upon the memory; understandable,
proper name Zaki mastered to memorize, master
zillt m. Arabic baseness, meanness zihn Arabic mental, intellectual freedom of
zall Arabic 1 contemptible, base, mean 2 degraded, thought sluggishness, intellectual limitation
humiliated zihnij t m. Arabic plural psychology, frame of mind
zaliltb m. zaliltj f. zalilv laj m. zihnijt m. Arabic 1 manner of thought, cast of mind; frame
of mind 2 intellect 3 psychology, psyche slave
zalilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to cause psychology 4 ideology
to become base or mean 2 to humiliate zahr
zaliledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be zahn Arabic 1 intelligent, reasonable, sensible 2
base, be mean 2 to be degraded, be humiliated perspicacious, incisive
zam zamm m. Arabic censure; reproof; abuse to zi
censure, reprove; abuse zilhidzhdzh f. Arabic Zilhija (the name of the 12th
zimmt m. Arabic zimm f. Arabic responsibility month of the lunar year when pilgrimages are usually made)
The rest is my responsibility. zila'd f. Arabic Zilqada (the name of the 11th month of
to undertake the lunar year)
zimmabard r accountable, responsible, bearing the zidkhl Arabic included in, consisting of something,
responsibility for something, taking upon oneself to enclosed
answer (for), assume the responsibility for something; to take upon zihidzhdzh f.
oneself zih Arabic 1 having, possessing a right, competent 2
zimmag requiring the payment of a debt subject meriting something
to payment (of a debt)
367
zirh Arabic 1 animate animate noun rb m. plural rubber a rubber tree b ficus
2 m. living being rbasz f. rubber industry
zisalahijt Arabic competent rba adjective rubber
zi'al Arabic (materially) interested rbt Arabic joining, unifying
zia'd f. rbit f. Arabic [plural: rbit m. plural:
1 zajl zel Arabic 1 m. .1 bottom 1.2 addition 2 the ravbt] Arabic link; relation, connection
following to establish a connection with someone
2
zajl m. kind, type; variety every variety of fruit to have a connection with someone or something
1 to be in mutual touch to break off
zjln Arabic 1.1 below 1.2 herewith 2 the following communication to disrupt relations
zeld r m. regional chief of a province raball 1 transitive [present: past: ] to
zinf Arabic interested (materially) summon; invite; convoke 2 m. plural invitation; convocation

1 rbj f. large waterskin
2 rbij f. proper name Rabiya
re r 1 the sixteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number rbl m. plural rbel m. plural jasmine-yellow
300 in the abjad system rp te remaining; left over
1
r 1 personally directive pronoun, first person singular & rapdekhv
plural 1.1a to us, to me This is also unknown rapermkh to attack us or me; move, move in this
to us 1.1b towards us, to us, to me 1.1c about us, me direction
You do know that I used to be a shephard. You do rprejstl transitive [present: past:
know about me that I used to be a herdsman. 1.1d on us, on me ] 1 to knock to the ground, overthrow 2 to descend
dialect He got angry at us. 1.2 to us, to me, for us, for (e.g., from a mountain)
me (designates the target of an action functioning as the indirect He walked after
r pase after us, me oneself
object of a verb, standing before the predicate or direct object) us or me ! Follow me! (as a command)
Call us, me (on the phone) up ! Pour us, rp m.
me some tea! 1.3 to me, to us; with me, with us; here; over to the rpr m. report This report has not
people (with several verbs of motion, indicates the direction of been confirmed.
action) Your letter came to me. Your letter rprt m. 1 report; account; communication to
came to us. the sun rose to shoot down report; give account, a report 2 (formal written) report;
an aircraft The departure day is near. 1.4 (to) announcement
home, to one's own place We set out rport zh m. reporting
for home at eleven o'clock. 2 used as a productive verb prefix: r portr m. 1 reader of a report, speaker 2 reader of a report,
seminar leader 3 reporter
2 r vice ! Give me a pen! rprta 1 down to us, down to me 2 down (to) here
3 r f. the name for the letter the name for the letter to bring up, raise a to move up, ascend b to
rakhistl [present: past: ] 1 to take, overflow (a river)
take along with one 2 to scoop up, borrow something 3 to r pori 1 in our, my presence; with us; with me 2 to us, to me
proceed along a road 3 on, at us, me He will laugh at us, me 4
ristl 1 transitive [present: past: ] .1 to 3 idiom This bank of the river.
1
bring out (from somewhere, to somewhere) to rpdekhv since such a time, since such times
bring out on to the field 1.2 to raise chicks 1.3 to extract, take recently
out 1.4 to mine, extract (ores); get 1.5 to think up, devise 2 m. rt m. clientele (of a barber)
plural 1 rtb m. Arabic food, rations
1
rist m. plural 1 rtg m. 1 arrival 2 coming, approach The
2
r ista approach of the deadline
r bndi r bnde 1 on us, on me 2 because of us, me 3 to rtl j conditional form of
us, for us; to me, for me You are dear to me rtll intransitive [present: imperfective Western
idiom I am late. Eastern past: imperfective imperative perfective
368
imperative ]1 to arrive; come running up to (animals), come to someone to relate to someone, pertain to
flying (birds) I arrived home When will something
you come to our (to my) house? to come tearing rdzhi' medicine recurring typhus
along Eastern If he decides to come, let rdzhag n masculine plural of
him come 2 to approach (of a time) Spring rdzh m.
has come and gone 3 to eventuate, happen rchpr surrounding His
No changes of any kind have occurred in my life 4 to surrounding environment
undergo, experience something 5 to fall under (the influence) rdz m.
He fell under Ahmeds influence 6 to r dzni
occur, be used (of words, expressions) 7 to come through, arrive r dza imperfective imperative of 1 come here 2 let's
(documents) idiom I ran into him Let's buy a book
a to be received to fall into 1 r dzi present of
someone's hands b to obtain, secure; be derived They 2 r dzj second person present plural of
brought tea to put into motion rts r overturned, reversed
Eastern The well slowly filled with water. r tskha 1 at, with us, me 2 from us, me He left us
English is hard for me. or me
rtlna f. 1 rtskavl transitive [past: ] 1 to pull up 2 to
r tlo Eastern imperfect of stuck in, absorb
rtlnkaj 1 present participle of 2 future, coming; rtskedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to drag up 2 to
approaching; following In the near soak into, be absorbed
future next week, the following week rht Arabic 1 m. .1 tranquillity tranquil sleep
1 rtl m. plural 1 advent, coming, arrival to rest 1.2 proper name Rahat 2 At Ease! (as a
He is just coming. 2 approach, coming with the command) idiom ! military Order Arms! (as a
approach of evening 3 receipt (of documents) command)
2 rtl imperfect plural of rhatbkhh rahat bakhhnkaj
3 r tla imperfect feminine plural of comfortable, snug (of furnishings, etc.)
rtlj rhattalb m. Arabic sybarite
rtojedl intransitive [past: ] to flow; drip rkh m. 1 person 2 party
rkht m. plural rising (of the sun)
1 r ta to us, to me; (up) to us, me; for us, me tell us, at sunrise
tell me He was speaking to us or me rkhatl 1 intransitive [past: ]to rise (of the sun) 2
2 rt rtj Western for m. plural rising (of the sun)
rl gathering, assembling rkhat oblique plural of
roledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to rkhkl transitive
gather, assemble; meet rdr m. radar installation; radar equipment
roled m. plural assemblage meeting place rdv ! Run to us; To me!
r imperfect of 1 r da f. colored edging (cloth)
1 rdzh m. 1 authority; government 2 the State 2 rd m. dialect swift horse; ambler (i.e., horse)
2 rdzh m. regional builder; mason 3 rd oblique plural of
rdzh m. 1 prince; grandee; Rajah (princely title) 2 emperor rdepalv Eastern
rdzhpt m. Rajput (Indian nationality) rdik l 1 radical 2 m. a radical
rdzhputn f. Rajputana (province, India) rdij f. [plural: rdijog ni plural: rdijvi]
rdzhast n m. Rajastan (province, India) radio; radio-receiver Radio Kabul
rdzhistrsin m. registration by radio, via radio radio
rdzhistar 1 registered to register 2 broadcast radio transmission radio
registered (i.e., mail) to send by registered mail announcer, radio commentator
rdzh' Arabic pertaining to someone or something; relating to radio receiver radio listener,
someone or something It radio-auditor to listen to the
depends on his wishes and desires to direct or send radio to announce on the radio to
369
turn the radio on to turn the rsbar f. raspberry

radio off rst 1.1 direct, regular, even 1.2 true, correct 1.3 just 1.4
rdijoaktf rdijoaktif radioactive right right hand 2.1 definitely 2.2 truly,
radioactive substances to render radioactive correctly
to be radioactive rstn masculine plural of
rdioaktifijt m. radioactivity rstb z upright, conscientious
rdijotelefon radiotelephonic rstbz f. uprightness, conscientiousness
radiotelephone communication rstk r 1 upright, honest; conscientious 2 just, unprejudiced
rdiotelegrf radiotelegraphic rstg rstgj direct, straightforward, sincere,
rdijo pertaining to radio radio program frank
radio transmission rstgo f. directness, veracity, sincerity, frankness
rij f. Western to turn the radio off rstmn
rijoelektronk m. radio electronics rstanavl denominative, transitive
rijo rstan feminine singular of
rijer m. 1 radiator 2 electric stove, electric cooker rstan feminine plural of
rrasedl 1 intransitive 2 m. plural rstnedl intransitive
rrased m. plural arrival; coming; advent rstned m. plural return
rravj m. rstn rstan f. m. [plural: rastn] f.
r f. bread made from the flour of various cereals [plural: rstan] returning to us or me here, to one's own
1 rz m. 1 type; kind; variety of every kind of a (place)
different kind; various, all possible various rstanavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
thoughts of such a kind What is his to return to us or me here 2 to return to us or me here
desire? 2 way, fashion; method thus, in this way rstunedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
by a special method by whatever return (from a journey, etc.)
means possible, in any way at all to be transformed, 1
rst f. line, series (e.g., of products)
turn into, become manufactured line, line of manufactured goods
2
rz m. secret to keep a secret to reveal a 2 r sta feminine singular of
secret rst f. 1 directness, straightforwardness, veracity, honesty
rzber f. raspberry to behave honestly 2 truth, sincerity in
rzd r 1 reliable; knowing how to keep a secret 2 m. actuality, actually
confidant rskh Arabic firm, unwavering firmly,
rzdrn mysterious (of a tone), trustworthy unwaveringly to make a firm decision
rzdr f. keeping of a secret r sara with us, with me They went with us or me
rzghavl transitive [past: ] to fetch, bring on rsn m. 1 produce, food-products 2 food-ration
the run r sa Western 2
rz Arabic 1 feeding, giving food, nourishing 2 m. .1 All- 1 r se Eastern
high, God 2.2 proper name Raziq 2 r se Western perspective aspect second person of
rzub z m. Western personality, character rasionl rational, efficient a to rationalize,
rz-u-nij z m. 1 frank talk to be frank improve b rationalization, improvement
with someone 2 conversation between lovers rsh 1 m. grain on the threshing floor 2 usually predicative
rzhvandj becoming animated, livening up, taking heart, A thick layer of snow lies on the mountains.
reviving rshbl m. wooden spade
rs m. ra's [plural: rs n plural: rus] Arabic 1 rshtlj m. corn scattered in the field or on the threshing
head; management, supervisory body at the head floor (by custom belongs to the hired hand or sharecropper)
of something, someone 2 geography cape 3 head (in counting rshn m. regional food-ration
cattle) hundred head of cattle 1 rsh rsh f. [plural: rsh] 1 4 2 produce,
r sn Arabic directly, immediately food-products
rs-i-umd m. Cape of Good Hope 2
r sha perfective imperative of
rs bb m. Cape Baba
370
r sha-drsha f. contact, relations to rkt m. rocket, missile ballistic missile

associate with someone Be pleasant to intercontinental missile
everyone missile-equipped vessel to
rshj m. avalanche launch a missile missile-base
rhkl transitive rket adjective missile missile troops
rhk f. & m. draw-bench, wire-drawing machine r k m. r ke
rahkodl transitive [present: past: ] rake
dialect to draw, drag, pull idiom He rkd Arabic 1 stagnant 2 immobile
breathed heavily. r k past of
rhkl m. basket r ka 1 perfective imperative of 2 past feminine of
rhkn m. 1 attraction, involvement 2 enthusiasm (for),
passion (for) r ka-vrka f. 1 exchange 2 receiving and
1 rhk past of disbursement
2 rhk m. plural 2 rkj 1 past participle of 2 given, given out
rhodl intransitive 1 rks m. demon, devil
rz Arabic satisfied, content; agreeable (to) 2 rks m. oxen (used in grinding grain)
I'm satisfied with them. satisfied with someone rksh 1 pulled; dragged 2 thrown on to; thrown out
to convince someone, make someone agree a to draw; attract b to throw on, throw out a to be
to be satisfied, be content; agree to drawn, be attracted b to be thrown on, be thrown out
He doesn't want to concede. r kh
rzinm f. peaceful settlement, amicable agreement; rkhta 1 lower down, subordinate, inferior, lower-ranking
compromise settlement (of an organization) 2 below; (down to) here a to
rgh m. 1 meadow 2 hillock, knoll lower b to help down a to descend b to alight,
rgh past stem of disembark a to alight from a train b to flow
rghb Arabic desiring, striving for something; avid for down c to make a landing
something striving for knowledge rkhtakavl m. plural descent, lowering, reduction
r ghdzj m. rghdz m. landing
1 r ghlo dialect 1 2 rghlu past plural of rkhtaked m. plural descent; landing
2 rghlo oblique plural of 1 landing
1 rghlj past participle of rkhl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to
2 rghlj take out, extract 2 to procure 3 to draw, pull something in 4 to
rghukhtl [present: past: ] 1 to drag He barely shuffled along 5
order, reserve; subscribe 2 to summon; invite to gather, assemble (e.g., troops) 6 to draw, illustrate 7 to draw,
rghvn rghnd gathered; assembled delineate, illustrate
Everyone gathered around me rkhna f. 1 dragging up 2 attracting 3 attractiveness
rghvnavl rghundavl transitive [past: ] to rkhbaj m. pump
gather 1 rkh past of
rghvnedl rghundedl intransitive [past: ] 2 rkh m. plural 1 taking out; removal 2 mining,
to assemble, gather Many people had extraction 3 pulling out something 4 dragging 5 assembling,
assembled gathering (e.g., troops)
rgh m. [plural: rghg n plural: raghna r khe 1 among us 2 in us, in me
plural: rghna] 1 dale; meadow 2 plain (stoney, sandy) rkuzavl denominative, transitive
in the mountains and the plains rkuzedl denominative, intransitive
r ghj past perfective of 1 rkavl transitive 1 prefixal verb [past: ] .1 to give
rfiz m. Arabic heretic, apostate to us, give to me 1.2 to sell to us, to me 2 [past: ] to do
rfizitb m. apostasy something for someone Telephone me.
rf' Arabic ascending, rising 2 rkl m. rake
rk m. 1 r ka perfective imperative of
1 r ki perfective present of
371
2 r ke perfective present second person of rj f. 1 ranee (title of nobility) 2 derogatory princess,

3 r ke ladyship
rkedl 1 Eastern intransitive & passive prefixal verb 1 riz plural the Ranizai (tribe) 2 ranizj m. Ranizai
[present: past: ]to give itself, be given to us (tribesman)
I will be punished 2 [past: ] rvt m. plural 1 origin, appearance 2 going, setting out
What has happened to me? the sources of a river
1 rg m. trousers, breeches rvatl intransitive [present: past: [ ]past: ]
2 rg m. melody; song to sing 1 to go out, come out, move out The
rgrdzavl transitive book has already been published. 2 to begin, commence, flow out
rgrdzedl intransitive (of a river) 3 to resound, be heard (of a shout, etc.) 4 to show
rgrdzed m. plural return; way back oneself, put oneself forth 5 to turn out to be 6 to appear, arise
while returning, while on the way back rvdekhv ta
rgrdzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to turn 2 to rvrsta late; subsequent; last, latest
restrain; impede; deter from something recently
rgrzedl intransitive [past: ] to return 1 r vu past of
rgr envelopped, enclosed; grasped; surrounded 2 rv present stem of
rgiravl transitive [past: ] 1 to capture, occupy rvl transitive [present: past: past: ]
2 to fill, fill up 1 to bring, deliver, convey 2 to obtain, extract 3 to bring in,
rl ndi kavl transitive mention to present an example 4 to give birth to
r lara r la Eastern 1 His wife gave birth to a son. 5 to effect, accomplish
r legnkaj
m. sender (of a letter) to attack someone a to receive b to
rlhl computer science download, to download seize c to obtain
1 rm obedient, docile 1 rv m. plural delivery, bringing, transport

2 rm m. proper name Ram 2 r va past feminine of
rmbl m. plural yellow jasmine 3 r va imperfective imperative of
rmt m. colloquial 1 rvj past participle of
rmsht m. music 2 r v present of
rmk n m. double-weight plaid shawl r vust past of
rmusj m. musk-deer rvst j conditional form of
r n suffix of actor pilot, flyer rvustl rvstl 1 transitive [ present: r vali past:
rnt m. rent rjevst r jevust] .1 to bring, deliver someone
1.2 to obtain, extract to obtain, get, achieve
rndzhn dark-grey; the color of antimony
something 1.3 to force 1.4 to bring water to, irrigate 1.5 to bring
rndzh m. antimony deposits of antimony
rndz m. plural about (e.g., revolution) 1.6 to advance arguments
passive voice a to be brought, delivered b to be obtained,
rnd banished; cast-out, rejected to be banished
rndem n m. 1 manufacturing; production 2 productivity extracted c to be conducted, led through 2 m. plural
rnaskoravl transitive idiom to push forward fighters
rnnavt m. plural entrance gate; entrance r vustna f. 1 rvust m. plural 1 bringing,
delivering something 2 obtaining, extracting 3 forcing 4
rnnavatl intransitive
bringing water to; irrigating 5 bringing about (e.g., revolution) 6
r na Eastern
bringing or advancing arguments
rnivl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to catch, seize, take
1.2 prefixal verb [past: ] to buy, purchase, obtain 2 m.
2 r vusta feminine past tense of
plural purchase price
rvl present stem of
rnivna f. 1 r vust past tense of
rnivnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. purchaser 2 rvst imperfect of
rniv m. plural buying, purchasing, procuring rv f. ointment
r masculine plural of 1 rv m. Arabic narrator, teller (of a story)
r vj Western past tense of
rvestl transitive
372
rvestn m. 1 innovation, novelty ridzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to

innovation, novelty 2 invention introduce, put into circulation (i.e., money) 2 to disseminate, put
rh m. combining form road, way conductor, guide into general use
rhbr m. 1 conductor, guide 2 leader raidzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
rhbar f. 1 duties and obligations of a conductor or a guide put into circulation, be in circulation (i.e., money) 2 to spread 3
2 leadership a to be a conductor or a guide, do the to be generally accepted
work of a conductor or a guide b leader rjdih f. rjdeh voting
1 rhd r m. collector of road or transit duties, tax collector rjravj m.
2 rhd r striped (e.g., cloth) 1 rjist m. plural 1 deduction, conclusion 2 breeding,
rhdr f. 1 road duty, transit duty, tax, toll 2 pass 3 safe- raising (of chicks) 3 math extraction (of a root) 4 mining,
conduct pass 4 passport extraction (of mineral deposit) 5 thinking up, invention
rhrv m. passage; corridor; vestibule 2 r jista r jisi
rhravj m. traveller rjg n 1 free, gratuitous 2 for nothing, gratis
rhzn m. robber, bandit rjgir f. voting; referendum referendum
rhzan f. robbery, banditry secret ballot open balloting
rhsz f. roadbuilding rjn m. Rhine River
r hista r hisi rj varkavnkaj m. voter, participant in elections
rhaskednkaj 1 rising 2 growing up rjst imperfect of
rising generation r ja f. 1 by a majority of the
rhguzr m. votes by 50 votes to 37
rhnum m. rhnum j 1 conductor, guide 2 tie votes unanimously
guidebook 3 leader vote for to vote to abstain from voting
rhnum f. leadership under to elect by secret ballot
someone's leadership compound verb a to lead to elect by a majority vote
something or somewhere b to lead someone r ja varkavnkaj
rhv r m. ambler (i.e., horse) 1 r ji plural of
rh 2 r je compound of the pronouns and
rh m. regional old age 3 rj present tense of 2
r hista over here, to us, over to where I am 4 r e f. oblique
r hisi since, since such-and-such a time, since the time of 1 rab rabb [plural: arb b plural: rab n rabb n] 1
since, since the time when sir, master 2 Lord, God
since last year since the 2 rub m. Arabic syrup; juice quince juice
month of Asad Since when? It rib f. Arabic usury, extortion
has been several months already; several months ago rab b rb b m. Arabic rabab, rebab (a stringed instrument
rj m. Arabic [plural: r] 1 opinion played by plucking or strumming) the lute to
to express an opinion, speak out to play the rabab
form a poor opinion of someone 2 vote (in elections) rabb m. rabab player
right to vote deciding vote ribkhr m. usurer, extortioner
consultative vote, opinion unanomously rab t rib t m. Arabic 1 rabat caravansarai, inn 2 used in
by a majority of votes geographic names Akrabat 3 Rabat (city)
r-ji plebescite to vote, cast one's vote for rub' f. Arabic [plural: rub'ig ni rub'i ni
someone voting Arabic m. plural: rub'ij t] rubai, quatrain
general and direct elections by secret ballot idiom rab-an-nu m. Arabic God, divinity (of primitive people)
to follow someone's bidding rabbn Arabic divine
rjt m. ribh f. Arabic profit
rjatavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 1 rab m. 1 disquiet, alarm without trouble
subordinate, subjugate bitterness of parting to trouble, alarm 2
rdzh Arabic 1 in circulation (i.e., money) 2 disseminated, suffering, tortures; deprivation 3 oppression 4 difficulties,
sought after, popular 3 generally accepted troubles
373
2 rab m. plural rapk m. shelf, bracket (for tableware)

rab v m. dialect rapkandj m. water-clock
rabavl transitive [past: ] 1 to disturb, alarm 2 to rapnd 1 trembling, blinking 2 fluttering
torture, torment 3 to oppress 4 to cause trouble 5 to place in a rapandj m. Eastern 1
difficult position rap m.
rab f. 1 rapoch m. rapo m. 1 spy; informer 2 snitch;
1 rbi plural of tattle-tale
2 raba rab ripr m. regional report military to report
rabjlj hardworking, industrious on events
rabe-dzhabe f. rabe-dzhabe plural Eastern 1 rapavl transitive [past: ] 1 to blink (the eyes) 2 to
difficulties; complications 2 quarreling oscillate, sway, flap The wind causes the banners
rabedl intransitive [past: ]1 to worry, be anxious, be to flutter. idiom instantaneously, in a flash, in
alarmed 2 to feel unhappy to be oppressed (by the wink of an eye
someone) rapavna f. 1 blinking 2 oscillating, swaying
rabz 1 worried, alarmed 2 troublesome; peevish rapah r m. noise, uproar
rabagkaj
poor, pitiable, weak 1 rapj m. 1 shivering He was thrown into a
rabt m. Arabic link; relation, connection grammar fit of shivers. He began to shiver. 2 banner, flag
copulative verb 2 rupj f.
rub' f. Arabic 4th part, th of something 1 3 rap present of
meters rapedl intransitive [past: ]1 to quiver; shiver
rabgh m. poor family My legs were giving way from
rabghaj 1 poor 2 naked exhaustion. 2 to sway, oscillate; flap; flutter (of banners) 3 to
1 rbl 1 accepted, agreed upon 2 deserving; worthy of shudder 4 to soar (of birds)
something rapedna f. raped m. plural 1 trembling, quivering;
2 rabl transitive shivering 2 swaying, oscillating; fluttering (of banners)
3 rabl m. rat tautological with used as an intensifier with names of colors
rablavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to accept, jet black
be approved 2 to consider worthy, think deserving of something rutbav fitting for a rank (of a salary, etc.)
rablnkaj ewel-ess, motherless (of a lamb) rutb f. Arabic rank, grade; post; job, position
rabledl rabledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 in the rank of ambassador
to be accepted, be approved 2 to deserve, be worthy of something ratj f. 1 rati (the red seed of Indian licorice, used as a measure
rabnmndznaj God fearing of weight) 2 weight in rati equal to eight barley corns 3
rabnedl intransitive figurative a drop drop of blood
rabakaj m. 1 sturdy child 2 bright, smart child rte-pte 1 scattered, thrown about 2 carelessly cut up
raba f. rabaj f. 1 shaft of light; gleam 2 morning 1 r 1.1 obvious, evident obvious exaggeration 1.2
wind which sweeps away the clouds bold, impertinent (of a person) 1.3 complex, confused 1.4 brusk,
rabedl intransitive [past: ]to be afraid, fear; be rude brusk comment, rude word 1.5 ill-bred 1.6
frightened unsuitable to speak plainly Don't babble
rab' f. Arabic spring; spring harvest idiom on, it's not fitting. 2.1 completely, quite; very 2.2 evidently
assn name of the fourth month of the lunar year name 2 ra
of the third month of the lunar year rtj f.
rabi f. membrane ral transitive [past: ] 1 to berate, tell off 2 to censure
1 rap m. moment; flash 3 to drive off, banish 4 to drive (cattle)
instantaneously, in the wink of an eye rm
2
rap m. niche; shelf; baggage shelf ran spotted
3
rap m. slap, clap (on the back, shoulder) to rana f. 1 abuse 2 censure
slap on the shoulder rv laj m. 1 boldness, impertinence 2 complication,
rap f. 1 blinking, flashing 2 vibration confusion 3 bruskness, rudeness 4 lack of breeding, bad breeding
rap m. communication, report 5 obviety, apparentness
374
ravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to complicate, 1

rahm rhm m. mercy, compassion
confuse to pity someone to be merciful
rankaj 1 present participle of 2 m. .1 hostile critic; He pitied the orphan.
negator; skeptic 2.2 muddle-headed person 2 rahm rihm m. Arabic uterus, womb
1
ra f. spot, mark rahm n Arabic 1 merciful 2 m. proper name Rahman
2ra f. singular of 1
(especially the seventeenth century poet Abdurrahman)
redl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to become rahm na f. proper name Rahmana

complicated, become confused rahmn divine, heavenly
radzh f. Arabic hope, aspiration rahmt m. Arabic 1 mercy, sympathy to pity,
ridzh l m. Arabic masculine plural of have mercy on 2 proper name Rahmat
radzhb m. Arabic 1 Rajab (seventh month of the lunar year) rahmdl 1 sympathetic 2 m. proper name Ramdil
2 m. proper name Rajab rahm n Arabic
rudzhh n m. Arabic 1 advantage; superiority; preponderance rahmatull Arabic 1 2 m. proper name
to surpass others, be higher than others 2 Rahmatulla
law preferential right of acquisition 3 profit, advantage 4 rahmedl intransitive [past: ] to take pity on, have
tendency, bent mercy on
radzhz m. Arabic rajaz (a poetic meter used to create a warlike rahl m. Arabic 1
atmosphere) rahm Arabic 1 merciful, kind, gracious (an epithet of God) 2
radzhistar radzhisar registered m. proper name Rahim
registered letter to send by registered mail rahimull m. Arabic proper name Rahimulla
radzh't m. Arabic departure, retreat; withdrawal from battle rahim f. Arabic proper name Rahima
radzhl m. [plural: ridzh l] Arabic person, man; 1 rakh m. cutting, slicing
important personality state figures; nobility, grandees 2 rukh m. face
great minds, great thinkers 3 rukh m. chess rook
rudzh' Arabic 1 appeal to someone to 4 rukh m.
appeal to someone 2 return 3 renunciation (of responsibility, an rukh m m. Arabic alabaster alabaster
agreement, etc.) rakhvt m. Arabic inertia, enfeeblement, apathy
radzhavl transitive dialect rakhpn m. rakhi m. soup made with buttermilk
radzhulijt m. Arabic 1 maturity 2 manhood rakht m. 1 decor, furnishings 2 fabric, textile, cloth 3 silk
radzh f. 1 rope, cord 2 drawing 3 custom, tradition, law cloth 4 agriculture plow beam 5 harness
radzhedl intransitive dialect rakhtb b m. cotton textiles, cloth
1 rach m. 1 technology reed (of a loom) 2 decor; furnishings; rakhtkh b m. dialect bed-clothing
goods and chattels 3 dialect tool (of production); (machine) lathe rakhchna f. Middle-Eastern style skullcap
2 ruch m. wish, desire rakhd r rifled, threaded (of a gun) rifle
rachkaj m. skein, hank of yarn rukhs r m. poetry cheek, face
rachaj m. lathe-operator rukhst Arabic 1 m. .1 parting, leavetaking;
1 rcha f. 2 to take leave of, bid farewell to ask
2 rich f. permission to leave 1.2 authorization to leave 1.3 leave,
rich-rich vacation special (i.e., extraordinary) leave
rdza f. road sick leave 2 predicative I shall leave. I am
rts lame, limping going away.
ratsikhl ratsekhl transitive [present: rukhsatavl denominative [past: ] 1 to send on
past: ] Western to drag, trail, ford leave, authorize to go away 2 to dismiss (upon conclusion of a
abbreviation rahmt ullhi aljhi religion May task, for vacation time); offer leave to 3 to send, dispatch (troops,
God's mercy be upon him! May God be merciful to him! etc.) 4 to discharge, fire
rahlt m. Arabic leaving, departure to depart this rukhsat f. [plural: rukhsatj plural:
world, die rukhsatig ni] 1 completion of a task; departure from work 2
departure, exit 3 leave; school vacation
375
rukhsatedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to rb 1 directly, straight-off, bluntly to speak

leave May I go? 2 to take one's leave 3 to be straightforwardly, talk bluntly 2 obviously, evidently
dismissed (upon completion of a task, for school vacation); curtail to openly sympathize
a task School ends at three o'clock. rpra
rukhsated m. plural 1 departure, leaving 2 leavetaking 3 rstrgaj 1 pop-eyed, goggle-eyed 2 bold-faced
dismissal (on completion of schoolwork, for vacation); curtail class ravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to protrude,
work goggle (eyes)
rkhn rkhndkaj envious 1 rj ra pop-eyed; goggle-eyed
rakhn f. crack; breach; break 2 raj f. oily rag (for cleaning rifles)
rkha f. envy; malevolence to envy; harbor spite, 3 ri feminine plural of 1
nourish spite redl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be pop-
rkhj m. regional envious person; spiteful critic; rival
1
eyed, be goggle-eyed 2 to persist in 3 to be cheeky, be
2 rakhj m. exit opening (of a reservoir) impertinent
rkhjl transitive dialect rizlt m. razl f. Arabic baseness, lowness, vileness
1 rad radd Arabic 1 m. .1 refusal (of a proposal, of helpful razl m. masculine plural Arabic of
intercession, etc.) 1.2 rejection (of a candidacy) 1.3 repelling (a razl Arabic base, vile
blow, an attack) 1.4 negation, denial; refusal; objection 1.5 raziln 1 base 2 vicious
dismissal (from a job, etc.) compound verb razil f. Arabic [plural: razil Arabic m. plural:
compound verb 2.1 refused, turned down (of a job, razl] base action, vile deed
good offices, etc.) 2.2 rejected (of a candidacy) 2.3 repelled (of raj f. flower of the Indian lilac
a blow, an attack) 2.4 dismissed (from a job, etc.) idiom raz m. vineyard
rd-i the dregs of society razz m. Arabic 1 religion the All-high; God 2 proper
2 rad m. side (direction of movement) name Razzaq
rad-ul-'aml radd-ul'aml Arabic raz 1 m. plural Razar (tribe) 2 m. Razar (tribesman)
radts m. left-handed person riz m. Arabic [plural: arz k] nourishment, daily bread;
radi'aml m. raddi'aml 1 reaction, reacting 2 2 1 food to feed, nourish idiom a to
rad-v-bd m. abuse, cursing yawn at, wink at something b to miscalculate, make an error in
radubadl m. raddubadl Arabic 1 confusion 2 quarrel counting c to display carelessness
to be submitted to discussion razm m. epic poetry
radavl raddavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to razmta f. sustinence
reject (a proposal, good-offices) 2 to reject (a candidacy) 3 to razmk m. Razmak (city, Waziristan)
repel (a blow, an attack) 4 to deny; turn down; object 5 to razm 1 literature epic 2 warlike
dismiss (from a job) razhnd 1 dropping (of leaves) 2 falling (of hair)
rad f. 1 row, line, rank 2 layer, course (in a clay wall) 3 work razhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to drop (foliage) 2 to
done by the day 4 figurative cause, reason, basis shed (wool, fur, feathers at molting time), molt 3 to pour, pour
rad radd rejected, unfit spoilage out; spill 4 to strew, empty out; spill 5 technology to found, cast,
radedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be mold
rejected, be turned down (of a proposition, good-offices, etc.) 2 to razhn m. razhavna f. 1 fall, autumn 2 molting time
be turned down (of a candidacy) 3 to be repelled (an attack, a 3 pouring out, spilling 4 emptying out, spilling out 5 technology
blow) 4 to deny, turn down casting, moulding, founding
radf m. Arabic 1 row; category 2 order, sequence razhedl intransitive [past: ]1 to drop, fall (of leaves)
in alphabetic order 3 follower 4 literature radif (the It is autumn, and the leaves are falling
riming word of a poem) 5 history rider mounted behind a from the trees. 2 to fall out (of hair) 3 to molt, shed (of animals,
horseman birds) 4 to crumble (of something friable) 5 to fall into ruins (of
1
r 1 protruding (of eyes) 2 cheeky, bold to look age), etc. 6 to flow, flow out; spill out 7 to run out, spill; get
cheekily, look boldly 3 stubborn spilled
2
r 1 razhedna f.
razhed m. plural 1 falling (of leaves)
the Fall 2 falling out (hair) 3 molting, shedding
(of animals, birds) 4 crumbling (of something friable)
376
rezhm m. regime, order, structure rusv disgraced to disgrace, shame to be

1 ras m. 1 provisions 2 delivery of provisions to troops 3 disgraced, be shamed
arrival rusv f. shame, disgrace
2
ras m. hair-dye made from the root of Amomium anthorhizum rusb m. Arabic 1 precipitation, sediment 2 sedimentation,
ras rs 1.1 attaining something, achieving something 1.2 alluvium
penetrating, profound (of a mind, thought) 1.3 exact, precise rusub sedimentational, alluvial
to shoot accurately 2 f. long sabre ruskh m. Arabic 1 stability, firmness, steadfastness 2
rislt m. Arabic prophetic mission figurative authority, good reputation to preserve
risld r m. one's reputation
risl f. Arabic [plural: risl Arabic m. plural: 1
rasl m. Arabic 1 prophet 2 proper name Rasul
rasl] 1 brochure; booklet; tract 2 cavalry 3 history cavalry 2
rasavl transitive 1 [past: ] .1 to deliver;
squadron transport; purvey to reach 1.2 to bring 1.3 to allow to
rislad r m. commander of a cavalry squadron ripen 1.4 to cause, inflict (e.g., harm, damage)
rass m m. Arabic artist, designer to inflict damage a to inflict damage b to damage
rassm f. drawing He has talent something 1.5 to train (personnel, staff, etc.) 2 m. plural .1
for drawing. delivery; purveyance transport water supply 2.2
rasl m. Arabic plural causing, inflict (e.g., damage, harm) 2.3 training (personnel, etc.)
ras f. 1 5 idiom to bring to a conclusion to use,
rust rust clay employ, spend
rust m. Rustak (city) rasvalj f. rasalj 1 corn, callus 2 swollen gland 3 tumor;
rastagr f. rescue, deliverance, liberation lump
rustm m. proper name Rustam rusm Arabic masculine plural of
rustamkhl 1 m. plural Rustamkhejli (tribe) 2 m. rusum t masculine secondary plural of
Rustamkhejl (tribesman) 1 rasj f. 1 rope, cord 2 figurative bonds, ties
restor n m. restaurant 2 ras present tense of
rast f. 1 line (trade) 2 shop, shift 3 branch 3 rasy computer science access
ruskht m. rasd m. [plural: rasidna Arabic plural:
rasd m. 1 portion, share 2 provisions 3 harvest time rasid t] 1 receipt; arrival; delivery 2 written receipt (for delivery
rasadrasn f. supplying of provisions receipt book to sign
of sth); quittance
raslk m. receipt, voucher, quittance for something upon receipt delivery-record book
1 rasm m. Arabic [plural: rasmna Arabic plural: rasd past stem of
ruum] 1 custom, tradition to observe custom, rasid t Arabic masculine plural of
follow tradition 2 duty; tax customs, formalities,
rasidag f. 1 inspection, control 2 investigation 3
procedures 3 ceremony drawing; portrait pattern,
reconsideration (of a case)
ornamental design to draw
rasedl intransitive [present: present: past:
2 rasm colloquial present tense of past: ]1 to reach; attain; arrive; come to to get
3 rasm m. grain cleaned by winnowing to the city, arrive in town ! I'll go to your place!
rsmn Arabic officially to overtake someone 2 to be received (mail, documents,
rasm-ul-kht m. rasm-ul-khtt Arabic 1 calligraphy 2 etc.) 3 to go up
written language 3 spelling, orthography
to, extend to 4 to reach (of a sound) 5 to be due, be owing to, get
rasmgr m. artist (by inheritance) A fourth of the
rasmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to draw profit was due him. 6 to come due, come (time period)
rasm Arabic 1 official officially, ceremonially The time to depart has come. 7 to understand, grasp,
official gazette, official journal 2 official (of a comprehend I understood that
language) 3 nominal, rated official pay rate
You yourself will look into this fully. 8 to ripen
rasmijt m. Arabic [plural: rasmij t] officialdom; mature (of fruit, etc.) 9 to rise (of dough) 10 to ripen, become
state of being official to recognize officially
ripe 11 to be trained idiom
formally to attain a goal, get what one is after to get that
rasmedl denominative [past: ] to be drawn
377
which is desired to finish, be completed rishv f. Arabic

to be used in the manufacture of something; be used 1 rsha f. 1 custom, tradition 2 personality, character
for something to punish oneself 2 rsha f. food, provisions
rasedna f. 1 rased
m. plural 1 arrival, coming 2 3 rsha f. cream
arrival (of mail, documents, etc.) 3 extension 4 expiration (of a 4 rash f. 1 pile of corn, grain (on the threshing floor) 2
term), coming (of) 5 understanding, comprehension, grasp 6 threshing
ripening, maturing (fruits, etc.) 7 condition or state of being 1
rshi feminine plural of 1, 2, 3
trained 2
rash feminine plural of 4
rased imperfect plural of
2
rashd Arabic 1 manly; valorous, brave 2 m. proper name
3 rased imperfect plural of Rashid
4 rasid 1 mature, ripe 2 adult, grown-up 3 trained rah m. juice; extract
rasidag f. rhtngalv f. rihtinag f. correctness, right;
rasi k computer science m. access code justice
rasjvl m. rope seller rhtnnaj m. 1 proof 2 checking, investigation

1 rash m. 1 sawdust 2 crumbs 3 dirt 4 pus 5 a to prove b to check, investigate
2 rash m. cream 1 rihtinj rkhtnj
rash d m. Arabic 1 religion true faith; the right way 2 2 rhtn f. faith; veracity
correctness 3 proper name Rashad
rihtn
rashdt m. Arabic courage, bravery to display
rihtnaj 1 sincere, veritable, true
rihtni I am telling the truth. 2 honest
courage, demonstrate bravery
rashtlaj m. rihtj 1 f. truth, verity to speak the truth
rishtnaj to tell the truth; I have to admit that I
The way it is is this; Truth to tell indeed, in actuality 2
risht f. 1 thread 2 biology filament; feeler, antenna 3 kind
really and truly ! Oh, if it only were only a
of parasitic worm; suture 4 figurative ties, bonds
dream! 3 attributive the way it is, is this
strong bonds
1 rishtadr f. relations, extended family Why don't you tell the whole truth?
truth to tell; the truth is that to tell it the way it was
2 rishtad raj m. relative
rishti f. to try to justify, come true
rishtinj rihtj glav f. 1 sincerity 2 dedication
rishtn rihtj g 1 truth to tell 2
rishtinj f. rishtinv laj m. rihtj gj veracious
rishtna 1 feminine 2 feminine singular of rihtj n 1
rushd m. Arabic 1 growth to grow 2 maturity rihtj nj genuine, sincere the genuine truth
the maturity of his thoughts He is a really great writer.
rushd rushdij Arabic middle, intermediate rihtjv laj m. correctness, veracity
middle school rihtj vajnkaj correct, right
rish f. lucerne (grass) rihtn 1 faithful, dedicated; sincere 2 true, right 3 correct,
veritable
1 rashk m. envy
I envy the free life of these rihtintj f. rihtinv la f. rightness, trueness;
correctness, veracity
people.
rshk m. manage; scab
2 rihtingalv f.
rishk f. rihtna f. truth, fidelity, correctness
rshlraj m. bath-house attendant rihtinj
rishvt m. Arabic bribe to take a rhk m. mark, line
bribe to give a bribe, bribe
rhka f. 1 2 stripe
rishvatkhr m. bribe-taker, corrupt official rhkj f. 1 stripe 2 tape, ribbon; braid, lace
rishvatkhor f. bribery, bribe-taking, rhedl intransitive [past: ]to be frightened (of);
recoil in fear
corruption
rasd m. Arabic astronomy observation
378
rasadkhn f. observatory raghtj f.

riz f. raz Arabic 1.1 f. wish, desire; will do rghdaj bright guy, smart fellow
as you wish according to one's own wishes rghnd 1 rolling 2 m. slope, incline
voluntarily compound verb rghravl transitive [past: ] 1 to open (the eyes)
convince, persuade someone I convinced her to look all around, look about 2 to turn,
1.2 m. proper name Riza 2 predicative .1 pleasing, likeable move, turn over to roll along, roll (somewhere else)
I don't like this matter. 2.2 satisfied idiom to rinse the mouth out
Behave so that they will be satisfied with you. rghaj: protruding eyes
rizk r m. razk r m. 1 volunteer 2 amateur (in art); a rghedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to open (of eyes); be
fancier open 2 to turn over; roll along, roll to another place
rizkrn razkrn 1.1 voluntary 1.2 amateur 2 to toss and turn
voluntarily rghed m. plural 1 opening (the eyes) 2 turning, moving,
rizmandi f. rizjt m. Arabic satisfaction; turning over
gratitude He expressed his gratitude to 1 rghht imperfect of
them. 2 rghht m. 1 rolling, rolling down 2 floundering around
riz foster, half-brother rghht pa computer science f. scroll bar
ratb rutb Arabic 1 green; fresh 2 m. .1 green foliage 2.2
rghhtl intransitive [present: past: ] 1 to
ripe figs
roll, roll down 2 to turn, move, turn over; flounder around
ratl m. Arabic ratl (measure of weight) rghlj m. hearth; iron tripod (for a kettle)
rutubt m. Arabic 1 dampness; moisture 2 showers (of rain,
rghndaj m. lower end of the gullet
snow)
ragh oblique plural of
ru'j m. Arabic of rghus m. black kid (goat)
ri'jt m. Arabic 1 execution, observance of something rgust m. black color, color black
to execute decisions compound verb raghavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to sew 2
compound verb to be observed
to cure (of), treat (medically); heal 3 to repair, correct, set rights
2 respect (for the law)
4 to form, create (new words)
ri'jatavl denominative [past: ] to execute,
raghn m. 1 medical treatment 2 deliverance
observe to observe a diet, keep to a diet
raghavna f. 1 sewing, needle-work 2 curing, treatment,
ru'b m. Arabic ra'bdb m. regional 1 horror, fear 2
healing 3 healing (of wounds), mending 4 repair, correction 5
greatness 3 strength, force
formation (of new words)
ra'd m. Arabic thunder ragh f.
ra'n Arabic beautiful; nice-looking 1 rgj m.
ra'nzeb f. yellow dogrose, afghan dogrose, Rosa Lutea 2 ragj 1 shallow (of a vessel) 2 m. saucer
ra'ngj m. bluethroat (a kind of bird) 3 rgj f. soot, lamp-black
ra'jt m. Arabic [plural: ru'j ] 1 subject; nationals; raghedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
entire population 2 farmer; peasant; non-tenant farmer (in India)
sewn 2 to be given medical treatment, be healed, be cured; make a
3 history the territory of Britain in British
complete recovery from 3 to mend (of a wound) 4 to be repaired,
India; on British territory
be fixed 5 to be formed (of a word) 6 to be broken off (e.g., of
ra'jat f. nationality, allegiance; citizenship
ties) not to break off with kin
1 ragh clear, evident raghedn m. raghedna f. 1 sewing, needle-work 2
2 ragh m. punishment, retribution medical treatment, recovery; healing 3 mending (of a wound) 4
3 ragh m. repair; correction, setting right 5 a construction 6 breaking off
ragh f. 1 medical treatment 2 sewing; needle-work, (ties) idiom comfort, consolation
embroidery
raf m. Arabic shelf for belongings
rgh v m. break or rupture in relations raft m. Arabic 1 sympathy, empathy 2 comradeship;
raghv 1 imperfect of 2 m. plural friendship They became friends. 3 journeying
rghvz splendid, sumptuous (of things) together, accompaniment a to work together
raghbt m. Arabic desire, aspiration to wish for with someone; cooperate with someone b to accompany someone
something; aspire to something
379
rif h f. Arabic well-being, prosperity madzhls-i rasdz j m. dance floor; area set off for dancing
The Economic Counsel (in Afghanistan) rasavl transitive [past: ] to make dance, dance
raft r m. 1 treatment, manner (towards) 2 conduct a ras pertaining to dance, dance-, dancing-
to treat, behave towards to treat someone well ru'a f. Arabic note invitation
b to conduct oneself, operate, act 3 flow, current (of a stream) 4 uzrij note of apology
military march, attack; compassion 5 movement, travel (of a ram m. Arabic [plural: raamna Arabic plural:
vehicle, etc.) The truck proceded slowly. 6 ar m] 1 numeral; sign 2 sum 3 kind, type; aspect What
gait, walk kind? of a different kind or sort, every conceivable sort of
referenm m. referendum 4 history royal decree
rifridzherer m. refridzheror refrigerator ruk f.
raf'a f. Arabic 1 discontinuance; surmounting, elimination; rab Arabic 1 m. rival; contestant, competitor 2.1 rival;
getting rid of 2 satisfaction, fulfilment (of requirements, needs) competing 2.2 contending
compound verb a to discontinue, cease; overcome, raibn 1 rival, competing 2 contending
eliminate, remove, get rid of b to satisfy, fulfill (requirements, ra Arabic 1 liquid, diluted 2 rarefied
needs) to satisfy someone's needs raim f. Arabic letter, message
to quench thirst compound verb a to be discontinued, ruij f. proper name Rukkiya
cease, end; be eliminated b to be satisfied, be fulfilled (needs, ruk rk clear; open; frank direct, straightforward or
requirements) sincere man
rif'at m. Arabic 1 high position; high office; dignity 2 rik b m. Arabic stirrup, stirrups
promotion, ascent, rise rk baj m.
rf'a-daf'a f. 1 regulation, adjustment 2 punishment, rk t m. religion rakat (the fixed Moslem prayer ritual)
reprisal During the reprisals against the rik m.
Roshani rkrgh
rf'a f. riksh m. rickshaw
rufa Arabic masculine plural of rikshs jkl m. pedicab (rickshaw powered by a bicycle)
rafl m. regional rifle rakh m. 1 rkha f. 1 track, trail, trace, sign 2
ruf m. Arabic darning; mending, repair (minor) of garments branch (of the economy) 3 path
to darn, mend, effect minor repairs (to clothing) 2 rikh m.
rufugr m. tailor who does minor clothing repair rak't m. Arabic
rafid f. cloth gloves (for extracting bread from the oven) rukn m. Arabic [plural: ark n] 1 support, pillar, column
raf m. Arabic [plural: rafik n Arabic plural: 2 member (of an organization) 3 organ (of an enterprise,
rufa ] 1 comrade; friend; traveling companion 2 proper name institution)
Rafik ruko f. ruku' f. Arabic religion genuflexion, deep bow
1
rafi f. female friend; comrade (used together with the made during namaz (i.e., a Moslem prayer)
name) ruud m. Arabic 1 depression 2 dead lock (in talks)
2 rafa oblique of rkb m.
rafi f. rkebtasm f. stirrup strap
rabt m. Arabic 1 competition; rivalry free rkebj m. rkebj f. small dish; saucer
competition 2 contest idiom the rakk Arabic indecent (words)
arms race rag m. 1 vein; artery; blood vessel medicine
ra s m. Arabic 1 dancer 2 pendulum (of a clock) arteriosclerosis a to let blood b to vaccinate (smallpox)
raab f. Arabic area, territory; zone territory of c euphemism to take care of "natures needs"
Austria wooden area; forested area Mahmud will not survive. 2 mining vein 3 biology
rit m. Arabic 1 sensitivity 2 sympathy, compassion; species 4 botany vein, rib (of a leaf) heart-strings
commiseration to move, disturb the heart or the soul (of song,
riatangz riatvr touching, affecting; music) to maintain communications with the wife's
pathetic relatives
ras m. Arabic dance a to dance b figurative to rigaj m. weakling (of a child)
flash (light-rays)
380
rga f. 1 way, road Vali-jan rmz m.

followed me. 2 track, print (foot) to track rangj m.
something down rambj m.
1
ragj m. intimacy; relationship to become rant m. ran m. rent, income (from real estate, land,
related to; become close, become intimate with investments, etc.)
and randzh m. torment, suffering
2
rag 1 injured, hurt I hurt my hand. 2 randzhma f.
worn out, tired out (from hard work) randzhk m. 1 fine powder; priming device, touchhole
3 ragj f. difficult road to ignite the priming device; 2 primer, fuse
ram 1 fearful, timorous 2 m. .1 fear, fright 2.2 shying, the rifle misfired
jumping to one side
randzhakd n m. fire pan (the receptacle for the priming of
ramb a f. 1 bellow; bleating to bellow; beat 2
a gun in a flint rifle)
tsound of a siren
randzhakj f. powder horn (or powder flask)
rambka f. shoots, greens The wheat has just
randzhnnaj m. randzhnaj m. mascara box
sprouted.
rndzha f. 1 small stripe (fabric) 2 rag
1 rambkj m. bellowing
2 rambkj m. rural policeman, part-time constable randz m. 1 sickness, ailment; 2 consumption, tuberculosis;
rambosj m. 1 musk 2 musk-cleer consumptive, tubercular; 3 distress, offense
ramb f. 1 2 randz plural tar
rambj m. 1 agriculture hoe, chopper to randzaj randzmn randzr 1.1 sick, ill 1.2
weed 2 leather-cutting knife distressed, pained grief, affliction 2 m. patient, sick
ram tautological with person
ramz m. Arabic [plural: ramzna Arabic plural: randzurtn m. clinic

rumz plural: rumuz t] 1 secret to randzurgh aj sickly, unhealthy
initiate someone into a secret 2 hint, allusion 3 stenography 4 randzuravl denominative, transitive
riddle randzur f. ill-health; sickliness to
ramznavis f. 1 stenography 2 cryptography, secret recover, get better
writing randzuredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
ramaz n m. Arabic 1 Ramadan (the ninth month of the lunar fall ill (usually with tuberculosis)
year; the month of the Fast); 2 personal name Ramadan, randzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to distress, hurt 2
Ramazan to make ill
ramn randzedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grieve; be
rumz m. Arabic plural from offended; be upset 2 to contract tuberculosis
rumuz t m. Arabic second plural from rnd rind 1.1 negligent; careless 1.2 depraved 2.1 fast-liver,
playboy 2.2 depraved person 2.3 cheat, rogue
ramavl transitive [past: ] 1 to drive the cattle to
rundar f. dialect
pasture 2 to frighten
randka f. jet, stream (of water)
ram f. flock (of sheep, goats), herd rand f. rnd plane (carpenter's tool)
ramav l m. 1 cattle breeder 2 wholesale buyer, cattle rindi f. 1 dissolute life; dissipation 2 trickery, swindling
buyer
rindikhn f. brothel
1 rmaj m. usually plural 1 mucus 2 diarrhea, dysentery
rn 1 m. persistency, doggedness a to display
2 ramj paired word with persistency b to entreat, prevail upon 2 dogged; insistent
3 ramj f. 1 ranedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to persist,
rmajtn m. hospital be dogged
ramedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to go together, go in rang m. 1 color, coloring The boy was
a herd (to the pasture) 2 to be frightened, be startled (or, for a very dark-skinned. He grew suddenly pale.
horse, to shy) 3 to wander; roam bloodstained to fade a to fade b
ramed m. plural 1 freight, startling (of a horse) 2 roaming, to turn out to be false (e.g., of reports) a to fade, lose
wandering color b to be missing, dissappear 2 paint, dye to
381
paint, dye, color 3 ink 4 shoe-polish; wax 5 manner, way, rangn 1 colored; multi-colored, varicolored 2 colorful,
procedure In what way? How? thus, in this bright 3 dyed, decorated
way This is the way. Here's the way. 6 kind, type; rangnchpgr computer science m. color printer
aspect of every kind, various,
rangin f. colorfulness; brightness; beauty
every conceivable, all kinds of to accept another
rna f. traingular section of land
method, change, alter; be transformed to
1 ra m. hide, skin, pelt
revolutionize 7 figurative brilliance; charm, attractiveness idiom
2 ru 1
to be embarassed;
to spread false rumors
ra ru 1 f. [plural: ra vi plural: ru vi plural:
feel shy; be ashamed of someone to shame rag ni plural: rug ni] .1 light, radiance dim
someone, disgrace someone to disgrace
light to gleam, radiate 1.2 flash (of a gunshot, etc.) 1.3
oneself, cover oneself with shame to become
illumination natural illumination, natural
well-known, become famous to disappear, get lost
light electric light; electrical illumination
rangrng 1 various, variegated 2 particolored; many compound verb to light up, light (electric lightbulb);
colored, motley
illuminate compound verb to brighten; light up
rangrang f. diversity; diversity of colors to illumine with electricity 1.4 brightness 1.5
rangmez f. 1 selection of colors; color scheme; figurative flash, ray, gleam 1.6 proper name Runa 2 attributive
coloration; gamut of colors 2 embellishment
regional vice1 bright day in broad daylight
rangpng stained (with blood, etc.) In the light of these occurrences to
rang weeping; sobbing; whimpering to weep; sob;
illuminate to throw some light on the
whimper
situation to weaken or deteriorate the vision
rangd r ra nustnkaj illuminating reflector (light
rangrz m. dyer house, beacon)
rangrez dyeing ra f. illumination (of a city)
rangj rangej 1 sparse; scattered 2 rare, seldom
raj spasz mzi computer science f. plural
sparse or thin hair 3 loose 4 beaten down (by hail); fallen,
fiber optic cable
beaten down, lodged (of crops) a to thin out, weed out
(crops) b to loosen, hoe c to beat down (hail); knock down raghne f. dim, weak light; gleam
(crops) a to be thinned out, weeded out (crops) b to
1 raakj m. mammiform bone
be loosened c to be knocked down; be lodged (crops) idiom 2 raakj m. 1 crystal 2 mica
freezing rain raavl transitive [past: ] 1 to light up; illuminate;
rangzhaj disgraced illumine 2 to polish; burnish 3 to open wide, open up (the eyes)
4 to ignite, light, see fire to
rangm l m. house painter, decorator
rang m. regional recruit, rookie runj m. clear water
rangavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
raavnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. polisher
color, paint, decorate 2 to clean with shoe-polish, wax 1 ra feminine singular of 1
rangn m. Rangoon 2 ra f.
rang colored; colorful color film idiom 1 raj m. orchid
non-ferrous metal 2 ra feminine plural of 1
rnga combining form colored red raedl intransitive [past: ]1 to light up; shine 2 to be
polished
ranglid nay computer science m. color monitor
1
rav m. 1 motion, movement to find a ford 2
1 rangj flock of quails 3 way, track, path 4 resolution (of a problem)
2 rang f. painting, coloring idiom beforehound, in good time to direct
3 rngaj the conversation in another direction
rangidz 1 2
ru m. 1
rangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 3
ro f.
painted, be colored 2 to be cleared with shoe-polish, wax
4
ro f. aluminum
razgz 1 beautiful; colorful 2 bright
5
ro Eastern
382
1
rav 1 permitted, allowed; acceptable, accepted to flow, flow through 3 to be about, turn on (of a speech) ...
permit, allow to be permitted, be allowed; be accepted The talk was that
to consider as allowable, deem permissble; regard as ravned m. plural 1 departure, leaving; sailing; setting out,
acceptable 2 legal, just 3 correct embarkation 2 flowing through
2 rv f. rivjt m. Arabic [plural: rivjt] 1 tradition, legend,
ravbt Arabic masculine plural of narration according to legend 2 tradition
rav dzh Arabic 1 m. .1 walking, going, circulation 1.2 sale 1 rub m. military aiguillette, aglet
1.3 custom; tradition a to be accepted; be prevalent b to 2 rob m. mouthful, swallow (of water)
be in motion; be popular, move well (of goods) to be rubar face to face; opposite facing
disseminated; take root; penetrate 2 attributive .1 accepted; rup oblique plural of
widespread 2.2 marketable (goods) runsh m. rupsh coverlet, blanket
ravdzhavl denominative [past: ] 1 to put into rupj f. 1 rupee (monetary unit in India and Pakistan, and also
circulation 2 to sell 3 to introduce a custom, inoculate; formerly in Afghanistan) 2 money to purchase
disseminate a to be generous, be munificent b to throw money about
ravdzh 1 accepted, generally accepted; widespread 2 ro m. short bread
popular, marketable (of goods) ro k 1 careless; negligent 2 niggardly, stingy
ravdzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to roktb m. roakv laj m. 1 carelessness;
be in circulation; circulate 2 to be saleable 3 to become negligence 2 niggardliness, stinginess
customary, be inoculated; be widespread, be disseminated ra f.
roj f. 1 bread (usually of barely) loaf
ravd r 1 approving; recognizing to approve, of bread 2 food, victuals regional He sat down
recognize, agree 2 gracious, merciful to dine.
ravdr f. approval; recognition rojghp gluttonous
rav sh m. edible rhubarb rudzh f. sheet
rav sha oj lavash (a square flat loaf resembling rodzh f. dialect
Armenian bread) rvadz f. Western [plural: rvdzi] day on the
ravlpin f. Rawalpindi following day yesterday once, one day
1 rav n rv n 1 going; moving; proceeding somewhere 2 one morning sometimes after
flowing; running 3 flowing; connected (of verses) 4 fluent (in several days for ten days from day to day
language) to speak Pashto fluently 5 in a day, after a day by day a
carrying on, conducting (of disputes, conversations, battle) 6 holiday b Sunday New year, Nevruz c religion
effective (of a law) idiom the current year Judgement Day unfortunately His luck
everything flows along, everything is changing changed. to idle, loaf to not enjoy life
2 rvn vice (because of too much emphasis on work)
ravnshins f. 1 knowledge of the temperament, customs raudz n m.
and life of a people 2 psychology rvadzb a f. daily wages
ravangi f. regional 1 movement, progression 2 departure, 1 rvadztraj losing time to no purpose
going away 2 rvadzter f. loss of time
ravnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to set rvadzanj Western daily; everyday; diurnal daily
out; move; start up (a car) 2 to take, carry away (with one) newspaper the order of
He took me to his house. 3 to learn by heart the day, the schedule for the day daily life
ravn 1 going, proceding; bound for to direct (to, rvadz-o-shp f. a day and a night, twenty-four hour period
at); send, despatch; transport; transfer to get under way; ruh m. Arabic [plural: ruhna plural: ruh n
set out; transfer, relocate 2 f. passport Arabic plural: arv h] 1 spirit warlike, martial
1
ravn f. .1 smoothness (of verse) 1.2 smooth, fluent spirit in the spirit of friendship
reading 2 attributive beginning to learn (of a child) spiritual nourishment the old man took
2 ravn m. plural heart; the old man cheered up 2 soul 3 breeze, zephyr
ravnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to get rhn Arabic spiritually; morally
under way; move; start up; depart, go away; sail away; leave 2 to ruhan Arabic 1 m. [plural: ruhnij n m. Arabic
m. plural: ruhnijn] .1 clergyman 1.2 plural clergy 2
383
attributive .1 spiritual, ideological, high-principled (of a leader) rori f. dialect

2.2 intellectual, mental; religious proverb It pays to be thrifty.
ruhnijt m. Arabic 1 spirituality, incorporeality 2 roj m. piece of rubble, piece of brick; adobe brick, piece of
ecclesiastical rank, spiritual office to accept quarry stone
ecclesiastical office 3 the spiritual life 4 sanctity 1
roz m. life, existence He makes life
ruhparvr 1 invigorating, bracing breeze, impossible for me.
zephyr 2 inspiring, vivifying, encouraging, life-giving 2
rvaz f. dialect
ruh pezhandnkaj m. psychologist roz combining form day a diary b journal (trade,
ruhnav z inspiring cheerful or inspiring business)
melody rozafzn getting larger every day, growing
ruh Arabic 1 spiritual, religious, moral 2 mental, psychical rozn 1 f. daily pay 2 daily, everyday; commonplace
spiritual condition spiritual, mental, psychic everyday problems; life's vanities 3 adverb daily
disorder psychoanalysis rozg r m. 1 time, epoch, century 2 existence, life 3
ruhij t m. Arabic plural psychology occupation; work
ruhijt 1 spiritual, intellectual, psychical 2 spiritual, rozl transitive [past: ] 1 to educate 2 to develop
intellectual, psychological (the mind, abilities, etc.) 3 to raise (sheep, etc.) 4 to care for
ruhij f. Arabic spirit, moral, spiritual condition, mood, (children, the sick); look after (children, a patient) 5 to train,
morale prepare (personnel), nurse, foster
1 rokh m. side rozmar 1 daily, everyday; usual, commonplace
2 rokh Eastern appropriate, fitting life's cares 2 daily, each day, everyday
3 rukh m. opposition to show opposition, oppose roznmch f. 1 diary 2 journal (trade, business)
rkhaj m. Western side (in competition, etc.) roznm f. newspaper
1 rod rud 1 river; small stream brook 2 figurative roznmanigr f. journalist (female)
stream, flow (of tears) to work as a journalist
2 ravd imperfect of rozntn m. safeguarding motherhood and babydom
ravd past stem of rozndz j m. rozndzj m. 1 animal farm, livestock farm,
rodb r m. 1 flood-plain of a river 2 strait nursery 2 fish-pond 3 educational institution
rodbr land which is watered by a river, land 1
rozna f. 1 education, upbringing 2 development (of an
periodically inundated ability, skill, etc.) physical development; physical
rodkhn f. channel or bed of a river exercises intellectual development, education 3 raising
rud d m. to illuminate (sheep, etc.) sheep-raising 4 care (of children,
ravdl rvdl transitive [present: rv past: ] 1 patients, etc.); looking after, nursing (children, patients) 5 training
to suckle (the breast) 2 (personnel)
rodng m. botany madder, Rubia tinctorim 2
rozan f. 1 window, skylight; opening (in a roof) 2 doors
rvdna f. suckling (the breast) (of a car, a cupboard)
ravdnaj m. motherless lamb roznkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. tutor, educator
1 ravd f. 1 way, road 2 sign; trace, track 1 roz f.
2 ravd m. plural suckling (at the breast) 2 roz imperfect of
rod watered by a river land watered by a river 3 roz imperfective imperative of
rodeshij f. Rhodesia rozad r m.
ra f. large intestine 1 roz f. 1 daily bread, subsistence; wages to earn
roamst m. indigent, beggar, one who begs for bread subsistence 2 fate, portion; success
roeshij f. 2 rzi present tense of
ror m. dialect rozikhr m. 1 animate, living being; man, human being
ror m. Brother!; Friend!; Buddy! roziros n m. rozigr m. religion God
1 ravrv regional from time to time; sometimes rozhatj m. religion man who is observing Ramadan
2 ror dialect gradually, slowly rozh 1 f. .1 fast (among Moslems), Ramadan, abstinence
rorv laj m. rorvl f. dialect from food to break a fast to observe
384
a fast, fast 1.2 Ramadan (the tenth month of the lunar year) 2 rohntj f. 2
predicative fasting We fasted. rohandzn m. 1
rozham t m. rozham taj m. 1 breaking a fast, rohnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
termination of a fast 2 food which breaks a fast light, ignite 2 to light up to illumine 3 to
rugd 1 used to; accustomed to; familiar with, feeling at home explain, elucidate, clear up; throw light upon (e.g., a question, a
with 2 tame, domesticated (animals) problem) 4 to enlighten (the mind)
rugdtb
m. rugdtj
f. rugv
laj m. rohna 1 enlightened in our
custom; domestication (of an animal) enlightened age 2 f. proper name Roshana
rugdav
l denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1
rohn m. rohnj history Roshanite, follower of
draw into 2 to train, tame (an animal) Roshan (Bayazid Ansari)
rugdj
2 rohn f. clarity; elucidation
rugded
l denominative [past: ] 1 to train oneself, get rohnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
accustomed to, familiarize oneself with 2 to be trained, be to light up, catch fire illuminated signs 2 to
domesticated (of an animal) brighten 3 to be explained, be elucidated, be cleared up; have
rog f. dialect light thrown on (e.g., a question, problem) 4 to be educated,
rgi-bg
i chopped up, cut into pieces receive knowledge
rus m. 1 Russian (person) 2 Russia rohn
ruas Arabic masculine plural of rohn f. 1 light, radiance the radiance of
rost Eastern the stars to illuminate
rustj m. crupper (harness piece in shape of leather loop searchlight 2 brilliance, brightness
passing under a horses tail) Thanks to his brilliant mind.
rostv laj m. roh f. halvah
rostavl denominative, transitive rohav l m. seller of halvah or sweets
rsta dialect rauz f. Arabic 1 garden; flowerbed 2 tomb of a saint
rustj rvustj rvstj dialect rogh 1 healthy, sound, unharmed to be always
rustebl 1 behind, after all 2 m. rear, back, hinder part healthy, be ever robust )( to inquire
rostedl intransitive of one another about the health of relations sound
rustinj dialect mind in a sound body 2 in good order, in good working order,
1 rus 1 Russian the Russian language 2.1 m. sound 3 healthy, sane
[plural: rusij n] Russian (person) 2.2 f. Russian, Russian roghb m. exchange of greetings
language handshake to exchange greetings with someone,
2 rusj 1 feminine singular of 1 2 f. Russian (female) greet someone
rusij m. Russia Soviet Russia roghtn m. hospital, clinic; health-care facility
Belorussia roghtj f. health public health,
ravsh m. 1 way of acting, conduct 2 way, fashion, mode 3 sanitation public health organs
method, means scientific method to make a complete recovery, get well
philosophic methodology 4 gait 5 step Ministry of Public Health
r-shn dialect vice gently, softly roghtjv l m. 1 military chief of the directorate of military
roshn medicine 2 medical inspector
rushin s 1 m. acquaintance 2 well-known regh-dzhr healthy, fit ! I wish you
roshanfkr 1 educated; intellectual 2 m. .1 intellectual good health! Good health to you!
[plural: roshanfikr n] 2.2 the intelligentsia 2.3 rghdzj m.
educator rogh-rm rogh-rmj rogh-mo quiet
roshan f. light, radiance healthy, hale and hearty, fit
roh n 1.1 luminous, bright, radiant 1.2 educated; roghlk m. 1 peaceful transaction 2 peace treaty
intellectual 1.3 brilliant, outstanding (of speech) 1.4 lucid (of roghn m. usually in compounds 1 lard, fat 2 grease;
the mind) His mind is lucid. (polishing) wax; lubricant
2 m. history Roshan (nickname of roghand gh m. saucepan
Bayazid Ansari, founder of the Roshani sect)
385
roghan 1 greased with a lubricant; waxed, cleaned; cleaned 1

rumn 1.1 1.2 Romanian 2 m. Romanian
cleaned slippers 2 technology yielding oil, (person)
oleaginous oils 2 romn romantic, romantical
roghanij t m. plural oils, fats rumnij f. rumni f. Romania
roghnijat f. amicable relations, benevolent relations romn romi' 1 Byzantine 2 overseas, foreign
roghv laj m. tomatoes 3 Roman, Latin Latin alphabet
roghub m. run m. thigh, femur
roghavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to rontgn m. x-ray roentgenologist
pacify, conciliate 2 ruand f. Ruanda
rghunde Eastern gently ravndj ravand suffering from diarroea
1 rgha f. 1 peace, concord, friendship to be raun m. regional 1 beat, regular tour; patrol, patrolling 2
reconciled with, get along with one another in peace sports round 3 turn
and harmony to be in full ru regional 1
agreement with someone to be reconciled ra m. plural regional
through someone's mediation 2 state of being easy to get one with ravn m. Arabic 1 brilliance, radiance; beauty 2 prosperity
3 health healthy, sound to return safe and Eastern Trade has prospered. 3 animation,
sound lively movement Lively movement was
2 rgha feminine singular of noticed in the city.
rgha guhtnkaj peaceful, peace-loving 1 ru ru f. ra f. m. [plural: rn m. plural:
rgha kavnkaj m. mediator, arbiter ru f. plural: ri f. plural: rae] 1 light,
roghedl denominative, intransitive transparent, pure clear spring, pure spring
rauf Arabic 1 good, kind 2 m. proper name Rauf clear eyes 2 bright, brilliant; radiant 3 shining 4 of the first
1 rok 1 m. .1 cash money to pay cash 1.2 he water (diamonds) idiom cordially dawn
who pays or is paid in cash 2.1 honest, just 2.2 honorable 2.3 He has a lucid mind.
pure, unadulterated; genuine 2 rau m. regional 1 cartridge, round to subject
2 ruk dialect to gunfire and bombardment 2
rokj 1 ru ro f.
rog m. 1 strap (of a sandal); lace 2 belt; girdle 3 worm-gear, ruj f. light; luminescence; brilliance to
drive-screw (of an oil press) emit a strong light, shine (of an electric light bulb)
rogbg rgi-bgi to tear one ruakj m. 1
another's clothing (in the course of a fight); rip the clothing during rga f. temple
an attack on a person (of a dog) ruv laj m.
rugardn f. 1 deviation to break 1 ruavl transitive
the law 2 disagreement; opposition 2 rauavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
rvga rvga f. dialect regulate, adjust, put in order
1 rol m. role to play ra plural Eastern
an important role to execute, play a role ra strga f. astronomy Venus
2 rol m. 1 road-roller 2 roll (of a paper etc.) 3 ride (on a ruj m. polishing, buffing
horse) 1 ruedl intransitive
3
rul m. ruler 2 rauedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to go
1
rvm first person, present tense singular of right, come right, work out well
2
rum m. history 1 Byzantium 2 Turkey rus m. Arabic plural of
Mediterranean Sea 3 Turkish Seljuk Sultanate rvavl transitive [past: ] to suckle, breast feed
3 rom m. rom f. & m. Rome 1 rovj m. drying room, barn for drying grain
rum tzm m. rheumatism 2 rvaj m. bag, knapsack (for bread)
rum l m. 1 towel 2 napkin roh m. history mountainous part of Afghanistan in Baluchistan
rom n m. novel rohilj m. 1 Afghan 2 mountaineer
romnlikv l m. rom n liknkaj m. rohj roh 1 mountain, of the mountains 2 m. mountaineer
novelist rohedl intransitive
386
rohel m. plural 1 mountaineers, mountain men 2 Afghans rahbr m. 1 guide to accompany someone 2
rohilj m. leader
1 ruj m. 1 face 2 cause, reason; grounds rahbar f. 1 accompaniment 2 leading, leadership
according to this communication from this point of a to accompany someone, conduct someone b to lead
view in this respect someone
2 rvaj m. 1 evil spirit, imp; demon 2 nightmare rhta f. rhta dialect rest, peace
3 rv present tense of rah m.
4 rve f. 1 witch 2 bright and sprightly woman rahd r striped, in stripes (of material)
rujb r m. go-between, matchmaker (between prospective rahzn m.
marriage partners) rahguzr m. 1 traveler; passerby 2 road, way; course (of a
rujb ra f. matchmaker (female) ship, etc.) idiom because of, in view of
rujbr f. negotiations of a go-between (for prospective rahn m. Arabic deposit, pledge, mortgage deposit
couples); role of a go-between (for a couple) receipt, pawn ticket
rujbnd m. face-veil (for a female) rahnum m. and
rujt m. Arabic 1 seeing with one's own eyes, scrutiny, rahnum f.
contemplation; vision 2 reasoning, reflection, understanding rahn Arabic adjective depository; mortgage
rujdzh f. mortgage bank
rved Western separable part of the verb rahv l m. trotter (i.e., horse)
rujd d m. 1 incident, occurrence border rha f. aluminum
incidents 2 record, minutes (of a meeting) rah rh going; setting out a to set out b to dispatch,
1 rujd r 1 respected, esteemed 2 m. important person send a to proceed, start out He
2 rujd r m. 2 will head for home. b to be bound for, move out (to, for)
rujdr f. 1 respect, esteem; repute; dignity 2 rahed f. dispatch, departure; driving off (cattle)
attention paid to someone 3 flattery, adulation rahsu Western past and present of vice
rver f. dialect rahsi Western past and present of vice
rvez f. maid of honor of the bride (at the wedding) 1 rahl m. lectern for the Koran
rujik r 1 working, acting, operating 2 executed, 2 rhl m. 1
brought about rahij f. object which is pawned or pledged
rujikravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 1 re f. the name of the letter
to act, operate 2 to execute, bring about 3 to carry on (e.g., a 2 raj m. 1 thought; consideration to think, consider
controversy) Think it over thoroughly 2 price, valuation
rujikredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 1 rij f. Arabic hypocrisy, pretence to
to be in operation 2 to be carried out, come true 3 to be in play the hypocrite, dissemble
progress (e.g., a dispute, a controversy) 2 raj f. rj bray (of an ass)
rujksh m. rujkh m. sheet, cover (for a bed) rijst m. Arabic 1 supremacy, leadership, presidency,
rujm l m. Eastern kerchief chairmanship under the leadership of; with (so
rujn m. botany madder, Rubia tinctorum and so); at the head to hold sway; preside; direct 2
1 ravij f. Arabic 1 mode of action, conduct to presidium 3 (chief) directorate directorate of military
conduct oneself, behave, act How have manpower Chief Directorate for Tribal
you decided to act? 2 relationship to someone, something Affairs rijasat-i chief directorate for tribal affairs
2 rja oblique of 1 protocol department 4 rectorship; deanship 5 principality (in
rujihamraft in general, in sum India); state (in the U.S.)
In general, we can say that rij sha f. dialect 1 4 2 provisions, victuals
roj present tense of rij z m. Arabic 1 2 Er-Riad, Riad (city) 3 proper
ruedl intransitive [past: ] to quarrel, start an name Riaz
argument, squabble rijzt m. Arabic 1 asceticism; abstinence 2 selfless
rahsh m. residence to stay in a devotion 3 training (physical)
hotel rijzatkh m. rijzat m. 1 aesthete 2 zealot
387
rijz Arabic mathematical redv n m.

to increase in an arithmatical progression exact redj m. 1 field poppy 2 tulip 3 proper name Redaj
sciences Redaj Gul
rijzij t m. Arabic plural mathematics, the mathematical re m. row, line; file
sciences rem m. coral
rijk r m. 1 hypocrite; sanctimonious person 2 two-faced, rej m. ram with a star-shaped flash on the forehead
affected 1 rez m. twittering (of birds); warbling (of a nightingale)
rijakr f. hypocrisy, two-facedness; sanctimoniousness The birds are twittering.
rektr m. reactor atomic reactor 2 riz m. landship avalanche
rektf 1 m. reagent 2 reactive 3 rez 1 small; petty 2 torn (to pieces) to
rij l m. real (silver Iranian coin worth 1/100 of a gold pehlevi) tear to bits 3 combining form pouring, spilling bloody,
relzm m. sanguinary
realist realistic rezsh m. head-cold
relzm m. realism socialist realism rezgj f. crumb; bit; grain
reb r m. rjbr rezmarz rez-u-rz torn
reb ra f. rjbra rezmarz chopped up, crushed to tear, cut
rebr f. rjbri 1 (carelessly) up
rebdz m. besom, broom rez f. 1 small piece, crumb ground up; chopped up
rebdzbaj m. kochia (used in the manufacture of brooms) to grind up; hack, chop; crumble 2 small game
rebdzaj m. sweeper, janitor rez kuhist n m. Reza-Kuhistan (district, Parvan
rebdl transitive Province)
rebdn m. botany Tesota undulata (a kind of tree) rezagir f. small-game hunting
rebz m. rezhn m. dialect
rebzvl m. broom-seller, broom peddler rezhedl intransitive dialect
rebl 1 [past: ] to reap, harvest (grain) reg m. broom
to harvest wheat with a scythe proverb As you regd m. shivering; trembling, quivering to
sow, so shall you reap 2 m. plural harvesting, reaping (of grain) tremble in fear
rebnd regd
n m. Eastern shivering, trembling
rebnda f. regd
la f. earthquake
rebnkaj m. reaper regd
nd shivering, trembling
rit a f. strip, ribbon to tear into strips regdav
l transitive [past: ] 1 to shake (from fever)
to turn to rags, tear (of old, worn-out clothing) 2 to shiver, tremble, shudder
richph m. fine-tooth comb regdel
f. shivering; trembling, shuddering
richn lousy, lice-ridden, full of nits to cause to shiver; throw into a state of shivering
rich f. 1 nit (louse-egg) 2 small piece, shred regded
l intransitive [past: ]1 to shiver, shake
to tear into shreds His hands are shaking. to shike, writhe
rajh n rih n m. Arabic basil, Ocimum basilicum in fever 2 to sway, writhe
rikh m. 1 diarrhea 2 feces, dropping 3 kind regded
m. plural
of children's game rgvaj
m. bleating (of sheep) to bleat
rikh nga f. risrch m. scientific research to carry out
rekht m. external appearance, outward look scientific research
rikhl transitive [past: ] to excrete liquid excrement; resh m. method of spinning
suffer from diarrhea rish m. combining form beard mockery; irony
rikhn suffering from diarrhea white-bearded
rkha f. 2 rishkhnd m. ridicule; irony a to ridicule
1 rikhj 1 2 m. diarrhea (of cattle) someone b to speak ironically about
2 rkhaj m. sluice gate of a water-storage reservoir (for release rishkhand f. ridicule to make a laughing
of water on to irrigated land) stock of someone; ridicule someone
red to germinate; bud; sprout
388
reshl transitive [past: ] to spin to spin 1

rnga f. file, column
yarn idiom He only made a 2
rnga f. 1 sobbing 2 croaking (of frogs) a to sob
beginning. b to croak (of frogs)
1 resh f. dialect 4 rin f. awl
2 rish f. cotton; fiber asbestos renj reddish-brown, chestnut (of the coat of cattle)
rihtj f. revdl rijaudl transitive [past: ] to raise, raise up
rehm m. rehm plural silk rio-do-dzhanr f. rio-do-zhanr f. Rio-de-
rehmngj regional silken silk dress Janerio (city)
rehmgr m. regional silkworm breeder revj f. kind of candy made of sesame oil and sugar
rehmgar f. sericulture rio-gr nde f. Rio Grande River
rehmn silk, silken revn m. pen used when milking ewes
1 reh f. rha 1 root, rootlet to eradicate revnd sloping, slanting, inclined There is an
something to implant incline here. a road with a considerable slope
to be rooted in something 2 fibre to tear in shreds revnda 1 feminine singular of 2 f. slope, declivity 3
3 basis 4 grammar root, stem idiom Ahmeds aslant, slantwise
clan died out. to slay to a man; wipe out the entire rijav Arabic pulmonary inflamation of the lungs
clan revizionzm m. revisionism
2
rha f. embroidery on the edge of the collar (of a woman's ras m. Arabic [plural: rais n Arabic plural:
dress) ruas ] 1 head, chief chairman of the council of
refrm m. reform ministers president of the republic
rik rd m. 1 rek r m. rik r m. 1 record director of the administrative department 2 mayor (of a city)
(gramophone) 2 recording (film, gramophone disk) 3 director 4 rector, dean 5 ruler, prince
compound verb to record (on film, disk) compound rajis 1 f. Arabic for presidium, ruling body
verb to be recorded (on film, disk) a chairman of the presidium b chairman of the
2
rik r m. rek r record to establish a governing body, head of government 2 princess
record to break a record 1
rj
rikargir f. recording (on film, disk) 2
rajj m. rhubarb
rekl m m. advertisement
rekijvk m. Rejkavik
reg m. plural 1 gravel 2 sand Regiravan (an
isolated terrain feature near Charikar with moving sands) e 1 the seventeenth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the
rig f. Riga retroflex (cerebral) ""
regist n m. 1 stoney desert 2 Registan (various districts) f. the name of the letter
regmah m. regmhj skink (a kind of lizard) ndz m. nz m. plural tar
reg sandy dune, barkan, sandy hill nd m. plural of
1 rel m. 1 railroad railroad railroad bn m. namby-pamby, namby-pamby person
station, railroad terminal railroad line 2 train ap m. 1 friable, crumbly soil 2 thick layer of dust (on the
armored-train 3 rail road) 3 sticky mass; mucilage 4 thick syrup 5 splash (of water)
2 rjl transitive [present: past: ] to bray (of an 6 clicking (with the tongue) 7 coagulating blood; blood clot
ass, donkey) apap m. splash (of water, etc.)
rialzm m. apnd soft and moist (e.g., of soil)
rialist realistic apavl transitive [past: ] 1 to disturb, cause ripples
relg aj m. railroad train (on the surface of water) 2 to paddle (laundry) 3 to click (the
relnaj m. tongue)
rim m. 1 pus 2 sediment; precipitation apedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be disturbed, be
rim n m. low quality ruby covered with ripples (of the surface of water), splash 2 to lap
rimn m. 1 purulent, suppurating 2 impure (water), splash 3 to swing back and forth, be unsteady (in gait)
rind f. harness-maker's knife aped m. plural 1 splashing (in water, of water) 2 swaying,
ring m. rocking unsteadily (gait)
389
1
at disproportionately large a broad and thick beard b ang 1 wrecked, destroyed; spoiled 2 disorded (of affairs) 3
coward c scoundrel cancelled 4 liquidated, disbanded (of an organization)
2 at m. ang-bng 1 intoxicated, made drunk 2 acting, speaking
atgraj
m. atajgraj
m. 1 bearded man 2 in an extravagant, grandiose manner
coward 3 scoundrel angtb m. angv laj m. 1 disintegration, collapse;
a m. orange, the color orange ruin 2 disorder (in affairs); undermining (society) 3 cancellation
ach dangling; trembling; shivering 4 liquidation, disbanding (of an organization)
achnd shaky, unstable angavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
achavl transitive [past: ] 1 to shake, sway 2 to destroy, turn into ruins 2 to mess up (affairs); undermine (society)
tremble; rock; move unsteadily 3 to cancel 4 to liquidate, disband (an organization)
achedl intransitive [past: ]1 to shiver, shake 2 to nga-bnga feminine singular of
dangle; rock, move unsteadily 1 angj m. weeping, sobbing
akhbnj m. bed-frame 2 angj 1 thin 2 rarified, liquid
azavl transitive [past: ] to treat cattle medically, 3 angj f. silk turban, silk kerchief
heal (with the aid of oil, etc.) angedl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] .1 to
azedl intransitive [past: ]to be treated medically, be be destroyed, be ruined 1.2 to have an accident 1.3 to be in
healed (with oil, etc., of cattle) disorder (affairs); o be undermined (society) 1.4 to be cancelled
azedna f. azed m. plural medical treatment or healing of 1.5 to be liquidated, disbanded (organization) 2 m. plural
cattle (using oil, etc.)
aavl transitive regional [past: ] 1 to agitate; mix; anged m. plural 1 destruction 2 disorder (of affairs);
stir (paddle) 2 to push, push slightly 3 to trounce, thrash, beat; undermining (society) 3 liquidation, disbanding (organization) 4
beat up 4 to agitate with a paddle, churn about (laundry, with a cancellation 5 collapse, ruin
paddle, stick) v nde dialect
ak uz m. thin gruel
akavl transitive umbzza f.
akedl intransitive umbnj umbj 1.1 first umb at
ambzza f. first 1.2 former, past; ex- 1.3 ancient; of old 2 earlier, prior;
umbanj already I already said that
umbj He came earlier. He came beforehand. some
umgg
a f. agriculture cow which has calved for the first time ago
time umgg
a f.
ambsa f. thin gruel umbj
ndzh f. root of a tooth which remains in the socket und 1 m. [plural: nd f. singular: and f.
und plural: and] .1 blind He was blind in
andtb m. andtj f. andht m. one eye. as though blind, blindly
andkj nearly blind to walk gropingly or blindly 1.2 dark 1.3 rude, impolite 2
and oblique plural of m. blind man !
andukj ! Western proverb literal What does the blind
andavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to blind, man ask of God? Two eyes! figurative He/she only dreamed of
make blind He blinded his enemy. this. idiom soup
andn m. blindness undtb m. undtj f. undv laj m. 1
and f. 1 singular of 2 [plural: and plural: blindness 2 blinding, dazzling, blindness 3 figuratives darkness,
andij ni] blind woman rudeness
andj m. blind man undavl transitive
andedl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to undedl intransitive
become blind, lose one's sight 2 to be blinded m. dialect
His father was blind to his hope of receiving money. 1 aj m. ram
anded m. plural blinding, dazzling; blindness 2 e f. the name of the letter
3 j a cry used in driving cattle
390
aj e diminutive noun suffix blade of grass 1 zratrkaj 1 dead; croaked 2 1

imb kha f. old clothes, rags 2 zratrak f. 2
ingj m. dialect sparse growth of trees zrach vdaj sad, sorrowful
1 ingj m. tray or tablecloth with refreshments 1 zr f. rrj 1 request; entreaty; supplication 2 lamentation,
2 ingj m. 1 complaint a to entreat; obtain by begging, get by
3 ing m. plural household utensils; household goods, pleading; beg of, pray, implore b to lament, complain of
chattels 2 zr plural of
zredl denominative, intransitive
zmbj m. zambaj m. odor of burned cloth
znd missing from the herd or flock, stray (of cattle)
z ze 1 the eighteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number
z 1 masculine plural of 1 a old thing b old
clothing 2 oblique singular of 1
7 in the abjad system
1
z f. time for giving birth to young (of certain animals), calving
z-v m. plural both young and old
time of cattle
zvl m. old-clothes merchant
2
z f. 1 percolation of water 2 moisture, dampness 1 z aj m. 1 corn shoots; crops 2 sucker, adventitious growth
drainage system 2 z e f. cow which has ceased to give milk
3 z f. name of the letter zajlvghe f.
zbr m. drainage ditch zz 1 willy-nilly, against one's will 2 without fail, certainly
zbl m. zabulistan m. history Zabulistan (name of
zz m. plural
ancient country in present-day Afghanistan, the native land of the
zg children
epic hero Rustam) Zabul Province 1 zgh m. plural 1 alum 2 vitriol
zb imperfect tense of 2 zgh m. crow, raven
zdzh m. plural zghvj f. cormorant (the bird)
zkhl 1 m. plural the Zakhejli (tribe) 2 m. a Zakhejl
zghchka f. daw, jackdaw
tribesman
zghch f. 1 gull 2 daw
1 zd m. Arabic stores, provisions, supplies
zghzgh m. gossipmonger
2 zd combining form -born fairy-born, spirit-born
zghzugh f. gossip, talk to gossip, tittle-tattle
zd combining form becoming, being born crown
zg m. plural 1 alum
prince, prince
zgj f. shepherd's cloak
1
zr m. z la f. dialect
2
zr m. czar
zm a combination of the preposition and the verb
colloquial I suppose, I say; it should be, probably
3
zr 1 m. complaint 2.1 sad, sorrowful, woeful 2.2 weeping,
sobbing; crying out 2.3 poor, unhappy; pitiful, insignificant
You probably did not go?
4 z r combining form swamp zmbij f. Zambia
zrbaj m. botany wild rue, Ruta graveolens; harmal, zmn masculine plural of 1
Peganum harmala
z ma f. jaw upper jaw lower
jaw to speak indistinctly, mumble idiom
zrkhn m.
zrz r m. 1 cries, groaning 2 sob, sobbing a to to stint, be greedy, be stingy to get
hold of
sob, shed tears, wail b to bewail
She mournfully bewailed the fate of her daughter.
zn
zrzangj f. botany colocynth, bitter apple, Citrillus
znraj f. upper jaw
colocynthus
zngholj m. hoe, mattock
zr m. Arabic [plural: zre'n] agricultural worker,
zng present stem of 1
hired hand, field laborer
zngna f. rocking, swinging
zarmaj ill-fated, ill-starred zng f. [plural: zngvi plural:
zravl denominative, transitive zngog ni] 1 cradle, swing, rocking chair to

swing in a cradle, rock in a cradle, swing or hammock 2 small raft
zr f. 1 1 2 liver idiom He became
3 native place, cradle of something
very angry.
z ngi 1 present tense of 1 2 vice
391
zn m. knee to kneel to get down on zbdn m. affirmation; confirmation; attestation; proof,

the knees, kneel; genuflect evidence
zn imperfect tense of zbdedl denominative, intransitive
zn m. Arabic adulterer, libertine zab n zub n m. tongue, language (usually employed as the
znij f. adulteress, woman of loose moral character second element of a compound word) Farsi-speaking,
z a f. female crane (the bird) Farsi-speaker Pashto-speaking, Pashto-speaker
z aj crane (bird) zabn-i to explain by signs or gestures
z ja f. zabnvr eloquent
zv zabnd n m. language expert; linguist; polyglot
zvz t m. zvz d m. generation, progeny, clan zabndar z rude, cheeky, bold in speech
the human race, humanity zabnzd on everbody's lips, repeated by all
zvz His name is one everyone's lips.
zvl 1 lazy 2 m. lazy person zabnshins f. linguistics
zvlna feminine singular of zabn 1 oral 2 orally, in words a to transmit oral
z vla f. instructions b to issue a verbal order
zvij f. Arabic 1 angle acute angle right zubd 1 f. Arabic the best, choice part of something 2.1 best,
angle obtuse angle angle of reflection choice 2.2 outstanding
angle of incidence 2 slope, declivity zabr zabr 1 m. .1 top 1.2 zabar, fatha (supralinear vowel-
zvijagr m. goniometer marking for the phoneme /a/) 2 upper
zh f. 2 zabardzhd m. Arabic 1 Topaz 2 chrysolite
zhd Arabic 1 m. [plural: zhid n plural: zabardst 1.1 potent, strong; powerful 1.2 authoratative
zhidn Arabic plural: zuhh d] aesthete, hermit; zealot 2 1.3 superlative 1.4 skillful, expert 1.5 venerable 1.6 high (of a
devout person, pious person mountain range), lofty 1.7 immense (of a crowd) 1.8
zhid f. aestheticism, the hermit's life remarkable, splendid a splendid spectacle
zhkash f. technology drainage to arrange a luxurious reception for someone 2
zjip f. wife, married woman m. .1 strong man 2.2 skilled person, expert person 2.3 proper
zad Arabic 1 added on, increased 2 extra, superfluous name Zabardast
zr m. Arabic [plural: zuvv r plural: zirn] zabardast f. 1 potency, strength; might 2 authoritativeness
devotee, pilgrim, visitor to a shrine, etc. to oppress 3 superiority 4 skillfulness 5
zjishg h m. maternity home, lying-in hospital venerability
zl Arabic 1 disappearing, vanishing 2 setting (of heavenly zbrg 1.1 large, big, great, huge 1.2 grown-up, adult; old 1.3
bodies) compound verb distinguished 1.4 holy, sacred the month Rajab 2 m.
zilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bring forefather, ancestor
to naught 2 to eliminate, destroy, get rid of 3 to ruin 4 to wear zbrg f.
out (clothing) zabl transitive [past: ] to strike, befall (of misfortune,
ziledl denominative, intransitive 1 to etc.)
disappear, vanish 2 to set (of celestial objects) 3 to be removed, zbla
be annihilated, be eliminated 4 to perish 5 to be worn out 1 zbn m. tasting, sampling (e.g., of food) to try,
(clothing) sample, taste
zjanzm m. Zionism 2
zabn Arabic 1 insignificant; despicable 2 weak, feeble,
z ji m. combining form plural used in names of tribes helpless He has grown weak. 3 unhappy
the Akhmadzai zbn m. dialect
3
zbt 1.1 proven, established 1.2 firm, stable, protracted 2 m. zbn vahlj 1 quiet, taciturn; dumbstruck (by fear) 2
favor, grace, attention hungry
zbtl transitive [past: ] to do a favor for; show zabun f. 1 insignificance, mediocrity 2 weakness,
consideration feebleness, helplessness
zbd 1 zba f. Eastern 1 nanny goat 2
zbadavl denominative, transitive 2 zba f. dialect
zbj f. dialect
392
zbergj m. 1 moan (of a sick man) 2 cry, groaning zdovl transitive [past: ] zdojl transitive
zbeh m. absorption, soaking up; blotting up [past: ] 1 to grate, grind (e.g., roots) 2 to scrape, clean
zbekhl transitive [past: ] 1 to suck; suck around off
(candy); soak up, take up; absorb 2 to swallow 3 to press (to) 1
to
zda learned by heart, learned; mastered, grasped
to press to one's breast; embrace to study; come to know; learn, memorize to
kiss the hand 4 to knead, mash; press down 5 figurative to learn something from someone to teach
torment something someone something to learn, master
zbehnd absorbing, taking up, blotting up I can read well. Do you know how to swim?
zbehna f. Do you know Pashto?
zbell transitive 2 zad 1 beaten down, beaten up 2 oppressed
zbingj m. gore, gusset (in a dress) zdakdzj m. school, academy, educational institution
zapl transitive zdakndkaj m. zdakrnaj m. 1
zapltb m. depression, low-spiritedness; exhaustion zdka f. studies, learning; studying to study,
zadzhr m. Arabic oppression, crushing down, weighing down engage in studies to learn from someone
zuhl m. Arabic astronomy Saturn to study economics
zahmt m. Arabic 1 effort, labor 1 zdakj m. pupil, student
to take upon oneself the effectuation of some matter 2 zda kj learned; acquired through study
to be subjected to privations and dificulties 3 zdakrj f. [plural: zdakrjni] pupil, student
a to try, strive b to endure (female)
difficulties proverb zdakavna f.
Work brings complete satisfaction. There is no happiness without 1 zda kavnkaj m. pupil, student; university student
work. 2 worry; constraint, burden 2 zda kavnke f. pupil, student (female); university
zahmatksh student (female)
zahamatkash f. 1 industry 2 endurance zadj f.
zahmatkh zahmt vestnkaj 1.1 1 zar m. plural 1 precious metal; silver; gold gold
industrious 1.2 hardy 2 m. worker, laborer silver pure gold 2 riches, wealth;
zahmat depressed, grieved money
zkht 1 2
zr m. [plural: zrna plural: zrgna plural:
1 zakhm m. wound, wounding a mortal wound ( one) thousand two
zrh ] numeral thousand
to inflict a wound, wound thousand five thousand colloquial (one) million
2 zakhm m. whirlpool 3 zr very quickly sooner or later
zakhm wounded to wound to be zir't m. Arabic agriculture; agronomy the
wounded agronomy department (of a college) to work in
zakhmiked m. injury, wounding agronomy, be engaged in agriculture
zkhn 1 knotty 2 warty zir'atpesh working in agriculture, agronomy
zkha f. 1 knot 2 bump; growth 3 wart to appear (of zir'at agricultural; agronomy; agrarian pests
a growth, a wart) 4 regional front sight (of a rifle) and diseases of crops the economics of agriculture
to sight, take aim agricultural machines an agrarian
zakhakhl 1 m. plural the Zakhakhejli (a subdivision of the country
Afridi tribe) 2 m. Zakhakhejli (tribesman) zrmj m. drop
zakher f. colloquial zrab m. 1 hard frost 2 pomp 3 external appearance
1 zad m. 1 blow a knife stroke, stab 2 skirmish, clash zarbarkh m. 1 talc 2 mica 3 foil
3 effect, influence; consequence a to strike b to affect, zarbj ng m. 1 tanner's scraper 2 scraper, drawknife
influence, be influential zrap m.
2 zd m. 1 ford 2 3 damage zarph m.
zadjt m. zarperlaj
zard n m. plural zartsht m. Zarathustra, Zoroaster
zdka f. zaratushtt m. Zoroastrianism
zadukhrd m. skirmish, clash, encounter; battle zrdz 1 brown, dark brown brown eyes 2 chestnut
393
1 zrdzj f. plural 1 zrk m. red-legged partridge

2 zrdzj m. zrk aj m. touchstone
zarkhard [past: ] acquired (as contrasted to zarkabj f. ferrule of the staff of a banner
inherited); acquired land (i.e., through purchase) zarkob f. gold-beating; engraving on gold
zarkhz zarkhz 1 gold-bearing, auriferous 2 rich, lavish 3 zrkuj m. nestling of a red-legged partridge
fruitful zrka f. 1 red-legged partridge 2 proper name Zarka
zard r 1 rich 2 m. rich man zargr zargr m. goldsmith, jeweller
zardl m. [plural: zardlug n plural: zrgr ja thousandfold
zardl n] apricot, dried apricot zargark aj m. touchstone
zardsht m. zargar f. goldsmith's trade, goldsmith's work
zardka f. carrot zargl m. botany African marigold
zardm m. powerful poison zargan f. silver embroidery
zr ngaj m. three kilometers zrgna 1 plural of 2 2
zrz dialect zrgnaj thousandfold
zarzp interjection bang zarl zrl transitive [past: ] to gild, cover with gilt
1 zarzar 1 f. dress with gold embroidery 2.1 golden (hue) zarlhta f. proper name Zarlashta
2.2 blond zrlg m. botany club moss, Lycium
2 zrzr hurried; hastening zrm ordinal thousandth
zrzj m. kind of sheep with red ears zurmt m. Zurmat (district)
zarsh h m. proper name Zarshah zrmshr zrmshr m. 1 history commander of a thousand
zarshj m. prospector, gold prospector men 2 regional colloquial colonel
zarshuj f. gold mining zurunb d santonic, wormseed root
zr'a f. Arabic sowing, crops zarndzh m. Zaranj (city)
zar' zrndzi f. plural 1
zargh 1 green 2 fresh, blooming zrangaj m.
zargh la f. 1 lying-in or puerperal woman; forty days after zrnda f. dialect
childbirth 2 cow who has just calved zrandj f. basement
zarghn 1 zarghun f. m. [plural: zarghun] 1 zarng m. maple
f. [plural: zarghun] .1 green, verdant 1.2 fresh, new, 2 zirng quick, agile, bright, lively
flourishing 2 m. proper name Zarghun zaring r decorated or adorned with gold
zarghuntb m. zarghuntj f. 1 greenery, zirang f. liveliness, agility, efficiency
vegetation 2 prosperity 1 zrna f. 1
zargunmz m. nutgall, oak gall 2 zrn m. plural
zarghunv laj m. zarn zarn f. zranj f. 1 scrutiny; spying
zarghunavl denominative [past: ] 1 to plant to scrutinize fixedly 2 espionage a to scrutinize; spy
with trees and gardens 2 to make fresh, make flowering, make upon b to find out about, reconnoiter
flourishing 3 to aid in growth, facilitate growth 4 to water (as a zarnkh m. arsenic
river) 5 to grow, cultivate 6 to paint, color, dye green 7 to make zr m. plural tar, pitch
happy 8 to develop 1 zri f. plural sticky and malodorous silt, mud; slime
1
zarghun 1 feminine singular of ! May 2 zaraj 1 leprous 2 ignorant
you prosper! 2 proper name Zarghuna 1 zro oblique plural of 2 a thousands b by
2zarghun masculine plural & oblique singular of thousands
zarghunedl denominative [past: ] 1 to germinate 2 zar f. proper name Zaro
2 to become fresh, become new, become flourishing 3 to grow, 3 zr oblique plural of 1
germinate 4 to grow prettier, flourish 5 to flourish 6 to develop zrv laj m.
zarghuned m. plural 1 growth, germination 2 prosperity zarabavl transitive [past: ] to gild, cover with
3 development gilt
zarghunz m. plant zarobedl denominative; intransitive [past: ] to be
zrgha f. 1 sluggishness 2 laziness gilded, be covered with gilt
394
zarojlj gilded znd zund

1 zirh f. armor plate; shirt of mail, armor zandavl transitive
2 zra f. 2 zandedl intransitive
3 zra very quickly, without delay 1 zo oblique plural of 1
4 zar f. 2 za oblique plural of 1
zrh plural of 2 thousands of young men zav laj m.
thousands of books zvr
zirehpsh zirehph 1 armored; dressed in zvartb m. zvartj f. 1 bravery, valor,
a coat-of-mail, clad in armor armored car 2 m. .1 manliness, boldness to be brave 2 courage
armored car 2.2 armor-clad warrior zogm
f. 1 odor of burnt rags 2 scorched rag applied to a
zirehd r armor-clad; armored wound
1 zraj m. zakaj m. 1 clothing; dress 2 cloth panel (of a banner) 3
2 zar 1 woven of gold threads 2 gold dialect old rag, tattered cloth
3 zarj f. food sufficient for one night zaavl denominative [past: ] 1 to wear out 2 to age
4 zraj wise, intelligent zumba f. zumbj f.
zardz 1 z m. 1 heart; soul a with the heart (to feel) b
1 zarz m. medicine croup attentively the sparking, activation, etc., of
2 zrz 1 m. history commander of 1,000 men 2 thousandth aspiration wholly from the heart, from a pure heart,
ten-thousandth from the depths of the soul; completely sincerely
zar zrka f. monal (the female Himalayan pheasant) without wanting to, unwillingly to bare the soul
zarn 1.1 golden the golden rays of the sun proverb Wither the heart is attracted, thence
1.2 gilded, gold-colored; blond 1.3 embroidered in gold the feet will go. Eastern
skullcap embroidered in gold 2 m. proper name Zarin proverb Heart gives tidings to heart.
zmb dessicated, dried in the sun, jerked Eastern saying The son repays his mother's love with
zrmbj m. smell of burned cloth ingratitude. saying Honey on the lips, but
zn ice in the heart. Eastern
zap m. narcissus proverb If there is longing in the heart for the beloved one, how
zarb m. zarj f. old age, declining years can one sleep?
zkhn rancid (e.g., of oil) Eastern proverb You can't force kindness. 2 bravery, valor,
zkhntb m. zkhnv laj m. rancidity, courage gallantry, daring brave person; daredevil
rankness to take
to display valor, exhibit manliness
zkhnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to courage, take heart 3 wish, desire 4 feeling, love
cause to be bitter and malodorous 2 to spoil, deteriorate the proverb When love
quality (of food products) comes, indeed beauty will not be necessary, and you will desire
zkhnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to sleep, but will not request a pillow. 5 stomach 6 interior part of
become rancid 2 to spoil something, core, center a to fear, be frightened of, be
zkhgaj depressed, dispirited afraid of; worry, be alarmed b to fall into confusion c to be
zaht m. 1 old age; antiquity 2 aging 3 decrepitude, melancholy, miss; be dejected a to be discontented, be
dilapidation dissatisfied; be disillusioned b to take close to one's heart c to get
1
zghj 1 vacillating, indecisive 2 m. improvement of out of the habit of d to refuse, not consent to I am
appetite (in a patient who is recovering) very thirsty. I am tortured by thirst. I suffer from the heat.
2 zghj f. vacillation, indecisiveness to be distressed, be upset Eastern to cheer someone
zakaj m. rags, worn-out clothing up to fall in love with someone a to take
1 zgaj m. diminutive heart idiom offense; grow angry b to quarrel to worry about; grieve
You have frightened him. for; to suffer to sympathize with someone's
2 zgaj m. misfortune or grief to cease to want a to
zgj m. 1 diminutive heart I was worn cheer, cheer up b to make glad, gladden; give great pleasure
out. 2 (Dear) son! (address of a father to a son) a to be satisfied, be glad, be merry b to feel sick, feel
zn manly, bold, brave, valiant nauseous c to grow cool to someone or
395
something; cease to love someone or something a a to frighten or scare someone to

to be intitiated into the inner secrets of another b to share all one's death You scared me to death. b to
thoughts a to get accustomed to, become attached to b disappoint somebody, captivate somebody
to trust someone, rely on someone a to get very He was charmed by Mahbuba. to be
angry, be beside oneself b to speak directly, speak openly, speak zealous, be painstaking; show zeal to wish
without reservations, be frank a to be distressed, be very much, wish for or desire something strongly; to
upset; be saddened, be grieved b to feel hostility, cease to love desire He doesn't want to work.
Sometimes I was opposed myself. saying I am in a state of indecision. I want to
I was completely worn and at the same time don't want to. a to reconsider,
out when I finished work. I became very change one's opinion b to convert to another faith to
sorry for him. to sympathize with someone, fall in love Ahmed fell in love.
feel really sorry for someone to vanish (of desire) to grow calm; satisfy oneself, become convinced
to break to pieces (of the heart) a to die (of to be generous to lose heart, play the
heartbreak) b to be disturbed, be distressed to labor, toil coward Eastern a to dissuade from
to be pained, grieve something b to discourage He dissuaded me.
Don't be upset. to become ill with tubercolosis a to be dissatisfied b not to have the wish
to be worn out, be exhausted khvaged l to or intention, not to wish to feel apathy to
be satisfied, get pleasure from, experience pleasure; be moved to something, be indifferent to something; be sated with something
It was nice to have talked with you. to want something very much
khugedl to feel pity for someone, pity someone a to love someone b to believe someone, trust
I feel very sorry for that poor devil Sanak. someone to believe, trust, have confidence in to
a to be afraid, experience fear, fear b to display dare, venture to fall in love to compose
indecisiveness ! Proceed more boldly! oneself, cease to worry, come to one's senses to
to quail, blench, hesitate, vacillate to calm decide on something to nourish enmity toward
down I calmed down. to someone to encourage someone to win
attract or incline someone to one's side someone's heart, captivate, charm; attract a to be satisfied
to do something nice for someone; oblige someone; not with something b to tolerate something, endure something
disturb someone a to grow very angry at someone; to wish, want, have the desire a to mistrust
be beside oneself; vent one's spleen on someone b to speak one's someone; have doubts about someone; mistrust someone's word b
mind, openly, without reserve Eastern I told to pall on, bore c to evoke revulsion, sicken d to despair of
him everything without holding back. to have one's Don't be distressed about that Eastern to
wishes realized; have a feeling of satisfaction; be satisfied frighten, scare to calm down; grow cool toward
Ahmad rejoiced at finding his book. to arrange for someone's election to
b to quench the thirst a to be quenched (of thirst) b to captivate, charm a to set the teeth on edge (with
be attained, be realized (of desires) c to have a feeling of something sour, tart) b to give pleasure This
satisfaction d to grow cold, cool to someone or something melody consoles the soul. a to believe something
This work bores me. to I don't believe it. I can't believe this. b
sympathize, feel sorry for someone I felt sorry to profoundly lament; feel deeply; be
for him (her, them). to grow cool, indifferent to melancholy, grieve to act against one's desires
something a to be upset, be disturbed b to grow a to open or
cold, cool to something c to get exhausted, become worn out exacerbate (old) wounds of the heart; evoke cruel, unpleasant
to worry a recollections b to console someone hypocritically
to rejoice, experience joy b to amuse oneself, have fun, have a Everything is
good time
to enjoy one's thoughts burning inside, give me water. to collect oneself
to make up one's mind to patiently to vacillate, doubt; disbelieve someone's words
endure separation from someone to cheer up to be nice, be kind, be pleasant It came
to quail, play the coward, be afraid to dishearten into his head that to have a suspicion,
someone to fear, be afraid of to frighten, suspect
put fear into someone
396
a to remember, recollect b 3
za m. Western vocative of 1 !! Hey, old
to guess, estimate to exacerbate (old) emotional man!
wounds; evoke painful, unpleasant thoughts and recollections zbad vaj m. dislike, hostility to
Don't torment my soul. dislike one another, feel hostile to one another
Western Eastern to endure silently; be zbadv laj m. 1 enmity, hostility 2 dissatisfaction
disturbed at heart but not show it to play the z ptsavnkaj invigorating, enlivening
hypocrite; play up to to feel uneasiness, zpuri 1 pleasing; attractive; nice 2 interesting 3
worry, be alarmed, be troubled heartfelt, sincere
My son did not arrive today; I am worried. 1 ztrkaj distressing; sad, mournful
a to imprint on the heart b to remember well, learn 2 ztrak f. distress; sadness, melancholy
by heart ! Remember my words ztorn ztraj 1 dissatisfied 2 indifferent,
well! to bleed (usually of the heart); be terribly apathetic a to be dissatisfied with someone; be
disturbed, grieve a to quench thirst b offended by someone b to grow cool toward, be indifferent to
to scarcely move, drag someone
along with difficulty, drag oneself along ztkaj m. intimate secret; testamentary desire (wish states
to put out of one's head, forget in a will)
to calm down, make to forget oneself, z chavavnkaj heartrending
ones troubles, etc. heartrending cry
to pour one's heart zkhast
out, open up to someone to charm, captivate zkhl saj glad, jolly, rousing
a to take a lot of trouble for a person; take care of, zkhvnaj distressed, saddened
worry about someone b to grieve 1 zkhgaj 1 1
The separation tormented me. to do something with love, 2 zkhug f. 1 2
put one's heart into work, work with enthusiasm 1 zghaj
to put one's heart into a job, work with spirit, work with 2 zgh f. 1 repulsion 2 indifference, apathy
enthusiasm zrkhkn m. regional attractiveness, fascination,
to be quenched (thirst) to be forgotten charm
to suffer, torment oneself, be distressed z rkhnkaj
Eastern to z rapavnkaj disturbing, enrapturing; thrilling
comfort someone to cease to envy someone zstaj 1 tired, exhausted 2 sad
I planned to play a dirty trick on him. 1 zsv ndaj 1 kind, responsive, sympathetic,
I don't trust him. I can't rely on him. compassionate 2 solicitous
His heart bled. He was quite distraught. 2
zsvnd f. 1 goodness, kindness, responsiveness,
He likes me. My father vacillates; he sympathy, compassion 2 solicitude a to
doesn't know how to act, what to decide upon. have sympathy toward someone, sympathize with someone; feel
He is quite touchy. He is very sensitive. sorry for someone b to care for, be solicitous of someone
His heart sank. His heart skipped a beat. He's a zsov laj m. coolness, indifference
simple chap. He is a naive soul. He is a to grow cold toward someone
bighearted man. He was disillusioned. zsvaj grieved, disturbed; unhappy, suffering
I do not feel at home with people like zshn zshnaj 1 irate, wrathful 2 sad,
that. Eastern He is cruel. His heart has mournful; distressed 3 angry, offended I am
hardened. I couldn't restrain myself, angry with him. I am offended by him. I have
and began to sob. He was so hungry that lost interest in the work.
he had stomach cramps. Murgi was very much z ghulavnkaj tempting ghulavnki
saddened. ! Don't worry! Be calm! temptation
2 za 1 feminine singular of 1 old friendship z ghutsavnkaj depressed, sad; gloomy
to live in the old way or in the traditional style 2 f. old zghhtaj 1 attractive, interesting 2 wanted, desirable
woman z khnkaj
za lvghe f. milch cow with a yearling calf
397
zmtv laj m. 1 exhaustion 2 discontent 3 discontent zhkla

z mtavnkaj grieving; sad (of thoughts) zh f. regional
zmhtaj favorite, beloved za'mt m. Arabic leadership
znz unwillingly, involuntarily, reluctantly under someone's leadership
zvr 1 courageous, brave, daring, bold; fearless za'far n m. Arabic plural saffron
desperately brave to be courageous, be brave, be za'farn 1 adjective saffron 2 yellow, yellow color
bold 2 courageously, bravely, boldly 3 m. proper name Zravar za'm m. Arabic [plural: za'im n Arabic plural:
zvartb m. zvartj f. valor, courage, zu'am ] 1 head, leader 2 president, chairman; responsible person
boldness, fearlessness; daring courageously, bravely, 1 zgh m. 1
boldly 2 zgh m. sound of meat sputtering (in a frying pan)
zvaravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to zgh ra m. millet-flour bread
act bravely, act boldly, act courageously 2 to cheer up; hearten, zghst m. raid, descent, attack idiom to
put courage into someone outdistance
zvnkaj zvnkaj 1 pleasing, attractive 2 zghstl intransitive
beautiful, fine, lovely, entrancing, captivating, charming zghst m. plural zg sta f.
1
zaj m. 1 seed, pit (e.g., watermelon, muskmelon, zaghl f. lump or piece of dough
cantaloupe); stone (of a fruit) 2 kernel, core 3 technology core 4 zghbanj m.
basis, nucleus 1 zighr m. plural 1 flax 2 flaxseed
2 zj m. medicine jaundice flaxseed oil
zaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to age, 2 zghr m.
grow old 2 to wear out, become decripit 3 to get out of zghard 1.1 fast, quick, swift, agile, smart 1.2 gallant; brave,
commission, fall into ruins 4 to become obsolete, become courageous 2.1 quickly, swiftly, soon, smartly 2.2 bravely,
outmoded This idea is already outmoded. courageously to speak straight, speak without beating
zaed m. plural 1 aging 2 wear; decrepitude; deterioration around the bush 3 m. .1 speed; quickness, swiftness 3.2
za lvghza f. bravery, courage
zazghli f. singular cracklings zghardtb m. zghardtj f. zghardv laj m.
zig regional 2 1 speed; adroitness, quickness 2 bravery, courage
ziggj m. 1 zghardavl denominative [past: ] to speed up,
zigav
l transitive
2
hasten
1 zig feminine singular of zghrlj 1.1 history dressed in chain mail or armor 1.2
2 zig m. plural of armed, mailed armored automotive vehicle 2 m.
1 zgaj m. calloused portion of the sole of a camel's foot history armored warrior
2 zig feminine plural of 1 zgrbaj m. troublemaker
ziged l intransitive
2
2 zgrbaj m. talisman; amulet
zist m. zghrvaj m. watchman (for a melon field)
zisht 1 ugly; vile, unsightly, misshapen 2 bad, foul, evil 3 zghra f. armor, chain mail idiom tight and strongly
hareful; despicable knotted knot
zshkkla zghrjlaj
zh f. sesame zghad
1 zht very; exceedingly very much very zughndza f.
good very big, huge to exercise very zghstl intransitive
strong influence to differ strongly zghal m. race
2 zht zghal f. raid, descent, attack to effect a raid, attack
1 zhta The contradictions zghlavl 1 transitive 2 m. plural races
were very great. horse races
2 zhta feminine singular of 2 zgal present tense of
zhtejl intransitive [past: ] 1 to shame 2 to zghaledl intransitive [past: ]to run; rush along, tear
embarass, inhibit 3 to hurt, offend along The automobile speedily rushed along.
zhtejna f. insult; affliction zghaled m. plural run, running bustle
398
zgham m. 1 patience 2 absorption; blotting 1

zl m. 1 time, occasion 2 blow, shock a at once b
up, taking up 3 digestion, assimilation (of food) 4 suppression with one blow 1
(of desire); abstinence 2 zl m. horse-cloth 2
zghaml transitive [past: ] 1 to endure, bear, 3 zal m. tempering, annealing
tolerate; stand to restrain anger 2 to absorb, take up zul l Arabic clear, pure, translucent clear water,
3 to digest, assimilate (food) 4 to take (medicine) 5 physics to spring water
exclude (light) zl nd
zghamn k endurable zlpj f. 1 link for a door chain 2 door chain 3 sword knot
zghamn m. 1 endurance 2 patience a to be zlkhugtb m. zlkhugtj
f. zlkhug
hardy b to have patience intense hunger
zghamedl intransitive [past: ]1 to be borne, be put zlkhgaj very hungry, hungry as a wolf
up with 2 to be absorbed, be taken up, be blotted up 3 to be zalzal f. Arabic earthquake, temblor; oscillation 2 shock
digested; be assimilated (food) zalht m.
zghamed m. plural patience, restraint zlfa f. [plural: zlfi usually plural plural:
zaghn kite (the bird) zulfij ni] curls, ringlets, locks of hair loose-hanging
zghupr m. misfortune, disaster a sufferer, one hair
who has fallen into disaster or distress zulfj f.
zghorl transitive dialect zaledl intransitive [past: zalkedl past:
zghmaj m. whirlpool, maelstrom ]to sparkle, shine
zghunj m. zll m. 1 slip, blunder, false step; error 2 short weight 3
zg m. harm; damage; loss to inflict harm; cause damage
zift m. 1 resin, tar, pitch asphalt 2 gum zalm f. youth
zakm m. zakm Arabic 1 upas tree, Antiaris toxicaria 2 zalmakj 1 young 2 growing, sprouting to
bitter stuff, poison germinate, sprout
zk m. [plural: zk n] inflated skin (used for river zalmaj m. youth, lad, stripling
crossings) 1 zalmj 1 m. .1 [plural: zalm plural: zalmijn]
zak t m. Arabic religion 1 zakat (tax on property for aiding youth, lad, young man He is already a grown lad.
poor Muslims) 2 purification; purity, righteousness 1.2 eligible bachelor, young man eligible bachelor 1.3
zuk m m. Arabic head cold; catarrh of the upper respiratory proper name Zalman 2.1 young, youthful to
passages rejuvenate; make young, make hale and hearty to
zakvt m. Arabic purity become a youth, grow (of a boy) 2.2 new; fresh 2.3 tender
zak t m. Arabic 2 zalmj 1 f. girl 2 feminine singular of 1 2
zakarj m. proper name Zakariah zalmitb m. youth
zkandn m. zalmajk Zalmajkot (settlement near Gerat)
zakav t m. Arabic plural of 1 zlnd
zka 2 zlnd 1.1 imperious, commanding, masterful 1.2
zak Arabic 1 pure, righteous, pious 2 devout oppressive; cruel, tyrannical 2 m. aggressor
1 zag m. 1 zalobj f. 2
2 zig Eastern 2 zaloch f. rug
zg l m. bread (e.g., crumbled up in buttermilk) zalavl transitive dialect
zgarv f. zalvan f.
zaggaj m. oil press zil tired
zagavl transitive [past: ] to froth zalech f. rug, rugs used as bedding
zagedl intransitive [past: ]to foam, froth zulajkh f. zulejkh proper name Zuleika
zgervj m. groan, moan, sigh to groan, moan, zaledl intransitive dialect
sigh zlna f. abusive trollop, strumpet, streetwalker
zgel transitive [past: ] to baste, tack (sewing 1 zam m. wound, injury; hurt
technique) 2 zm Eastern a combination of the pronoun and the
conjunction and I, I also; and I said so too
399
zm pronoun 1 oblique of near me, from me; zamzmog laj weakened by wounds
with me 2 possessive my my house my books zamzam f. Arabic 1 rumor, talk 2 singing, tune, melody
idiom What's this to do with me? ! Oh- to sing, break into song
oh, I swear! ! Oh, oh, I don't allow you! zmka f. Eastern land, earth landowner
zim m m. Arabic 1 reins of government; power, authority;
governing, government 2 reins 1 zmke Eastern plural of
zimmd r m. 1 ruler 2 leader 2 zmakj mushroom
zimmdr f. 1 government; authority 2 leadership zmn m. zmna f. task, obligation
zam n m. Arabic 1 time and place zamnd 1 m. plural the Zamandi (tribe) 2 m. Zamand
at times, at periods 2 proper name Zaman (tribesman)
zamn f. 1 time, period zmnaphaj zamnj intelligent; conscientious;
from ancient times; from olden days comprehending; quick on the uptake
some time a long time, extended time zmokh zmukh zmokht zmukht 1 sharp, harsh 2
in our time one time; some time crude, rough 3 figurative severe
to last, continue for a long time 2 century, epoch 3 zmokhtj f. zmokhv laj m. 1 sharpness, harshness
world, creation 4 fortune, fate 2 rudeness, roughness 3 figurative severity
zamnasz f. time-serving zmug pronoun Western
zamn 1 temporal 2 chronological 3 grammar pertaining zmol 1 faded, withered 2 tarnished, dull 3 medicine numb,
to tense or time adverb of time mortifying 4 unhappy 5 helpless, powerless, weak 6 bedridden
1 zambr m. harrow (of a patient)
2 zambr m. loud voice to shout zmoltb m. zmoltj f. zmolv laj 1 fading
3 zambr m. thick (dense) woods; thicket, copse 2 state of being tarnished or dried up 3 medicine necrosis 4
zumbk m. powerlessness, weakness
zambl transitive zmolavl [past: ] 1 to cause to fade 2 to make
zambr m. 1 pincers; tongs 2 unhappy 3 to weaken; make powerless, make helpless
zamblaj m. follicle, utricle zmlaj 1 powerless, helpless 2 unhappy
1 zmb zmoledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
2 zmba f. zambj m. winking fade, wither; wilt 2 to grow dim 3 to weaken, become weak, lose
zumbedl intransitive [past: ]to shake, oscillate, rock strength
zambl m. basket to put into a basket zmung zmung 1 oblique of at me, with me,
zmarbachj m. 1 tiger cub 2 lion cub from me 2 posessive pronoun singular & plural our
1 zamurrd m. emerald zmnga pronoun dialect vice
2 zamarrd m. icicle 1 zmaj m. dialect
zmark m. proper name Zmarak 2 zmj f. zmj botany saltwort, Salsola
zmarkaj f. dialect 1 tigress 2 lioness zmer m. zmerna f. guard, guarding
zmarl j zmraj m. custodian
zumr f. Arabic 1 sort, category including 2 zamind r 1 agricultural landowner 2 m. .1
the masses; crowd farm owner; farm landlord 2.2 peasant farmer
1
zmarj m. [plural: zmar plural: zmarij n] 1 zamindr f. 1 landed estate; country estate, farm estate 2
tiger 2 lion 3 4 brave man, valiant man 5 proper name agriculture to be engaged in farming
Zmaran the lion's share zmar zamindvr m. Zamindavar (district) 2
a to fan dormant sedition b to bring unpleasantness on oneself zamindz regional underground subway
2 zmarj f. tigress, lioness zamn f. 1 background; basis, foundation
zmarjlj 1.1 military, warlike, martial 1.2 courageous, to find a basis for agreement 2 grounds, conditions,
brave, valorous 2 m. .1 warrior, soldier, trooper 2.2 a brave, circumstances to create
courageous man conditions, establish grounds 3 field, branch
zmarn m. 1 hard freeze, intense cold spell 2 dew 3 Hades, zamin land, terrestrial terrestrial object, feature
Hell, the Nether Regions idiom wild strawberries
zamzm m. Arabic well in Mecca (near the Kaaba)
400
zin m. Arabic adultery; fornication to commit adultery; zindab d Long live !

fornicate zindadzh n living cattle
zandik m. zand Arabic plural of zndj f. noose, lasso compound verb a to hang
zunn r m. Arabic 1 zunn r m. history coarse belt (which someone b to suffocate someone, strangle someone
Christian subjects of Muslim governments were obliged to wear) 2 zind m. Arabic [plural: zanadi Arabic plural:
sacred cord (which Brahmins wear across the shoulder) zand] 1 religion fire-worshipper 2 heretic, atheist
zanz f. dialect znj m.
zink r m. adulterer; seducer zanz vaj m. 1 drops of water 2 drop
zink ra f. adulteress; seducer zanzavl transitive
zann 1.1 female, feminine, woman's woman's zhza f.
dress 1.2 effeminate 2 f. .1 women 2.2 women's half of the 1 znzi plural mud; slime
house; harem 2.3 woman 2 znzi plural of
zannakhn f. the women's half of the house; harem znzedl intransitive [past: ]to flow down; to drip; to
zambr m. flow, leak, pour, stream
zamb m. zambk m. zambk m. 1 lily 2 iris, yellow zanghlj m. strip of material sewn to the frayed edge of
flag, blue flag 3 tassel; pompom 4 sharp-pointed beard 5 (Middle-Eastern type bell-bottom) trousers
embroidery, decoration (on a dress) zankadn m. regional death throes, state of being on the
zambl transitive verge of death
zambr m. 1 wasp; bee 2 pincers, press, vice 3 1 zang m. 1 bell electric bell 2 chime, small bell
zamburd r m. beekeeper, apiarist a to ring b to jingle
zamburdr f. beekeeping 2 zang m. rust to be covered with
zamburk m. history small cannon (carried on a camel) rust, oxidize to rust
1 zamb hirsute (of the body) 3 zang m. hard frost, extreme cold
2 zmba f. winking to wink zangn oblique of
zambl m. zangb r m. Zanzibar
zandzhr m. zangzad rusty, rusting, rusted, covered with rust
znchkhaj m. chin 1 zangl transitive [present: past: ]to rock,
zandz m. alum swing, rock to and fro
zndza f. centipede 2
zangl m. dialect forest, woods a forested
1 zndzi f. plural slime; mud landscape
2 zndzj f. feminine adornment in the form of ringlets zangn 1 rusty, rusted, rust-covered 2 dirty, slovenly
3 zhdzi plural of zanganj f. gore or gusset reaching to the knees (of trousers)
zandzr m. chain; manacles, handcuffs zang nivnkaj rusting, rust-covered
1 zandzir 1 pertaining to chains or handcuffs military zangraj m. bunch of grapes
an extended line of riflemen at the time of an attack zingogrf f. typefounding
a type of stenography 2 mad, insane zangavl transitive [past: ] 1 to rock, rock to and
2 zandzir m. literal with a broken chain; figurative insane, fro 2 to rock (e.g., a cradle); lull by rocking
crazy zangul f. zangol handbell, gong
zankh m. zanakhd n m. chin zangolav laj m. curliness, curlyheadedness
zankhvl m. anatomy diaphragm 1 zangolj f. melancholy, sadness
zand m. the Zend (the translation and commentary on several 2 zangul zangol plural of
parts of the Avesta in the Pehlevi language) zangn m. zangn oblique [plural:
zind n m. prison; dungeon debtor's prison zanganna] knee compound verb a to get ready to
zindn m. prisoner, person under arrest; captive fire; aim b to get to work vigourously; work hard c to let a
to be imprisoned, be under arrest chance slip by, take a false step, fail, fall behind in work
zandrk m. lower jaw to kneel a to bang one's knees, regret, deplore, be
zanda f. Arabic 1 f. religion fire-worship 2 heresy; distressed b to submit, surrender to bring to the
atheism, unbelief knees ! obsolete military From a kneeling
zindagn f. zindag f. life, existance
401
position! (as a command) idiom to suffer, be zodl transitive 1

tormented zudhzm easily digestible (of food)
1 zang m. artistic dancer, skillful dancer zud f. speed, celerity, haste
2 zang m. 1 Black (person) 2 native of Zanzibar 1 zor m. 1 strength, force, might by force, forcibly
1 zangedl intransitive [past: ]1 to rock, sway 2 to by force of arms a strongly
be rocked, be lulled (child, cradle) b very loudly to be forceful to try, apply force
2 zangedl intransitive [past: ]to jingle, clank a to try with all one's might b to overcome
zanl znl [past: ] 1 botany to graft, engraft 2 to push Illness overcame him. a to employ efforts;
into, shove into 3 to pierce, punch a hole in use force b to deal with (matters) to try
zanna f. 1 f. botany graft, grafting 2 pushing in, shoving in, to strengthen, reinforce something to force one's
insertion 3 piercing, punching (hole in) way through, break a way through for one's self 2 help
zna f. chin to be depressed,
1
by means of physical force 3 coercion, compulsion; violence
fall into a depression, hang the head to compel someone idiom He
to beg, entreat someone emphasized that
2 zna f. botany saltwort, Salsola 2
zvar m. 1 zabar, fatha (vowel signs) 2 top
3 zan f. dye (special type used to stain leather after tanning) Eastern to look over carefully; inspect from head to toe
zinh r 1 unconditionally 2 Look out! Watch out! Careful! 3
zavr m. 1 grief, affliction, confusion, upset; concern, worry
zaghoz zanghozj m. pine nuts 2 cares, trouble(s); agitation, anxiety, unrest
1 zkj m. dialect juvenile 1 4 zur m. opening (of a potter's wheel)
2 zakj f. caraway 5 zur thin sound, delicate sound
1 zaj m. boy, young lad zorstr f. Zoroastrianism
2 zaj m. zorvr 1 strong, powerful; mighty 2 energetic 3 populous
zajal r f. custom of barring the way of the bridgegroom (of a city)
near the bride's village (with a view to obtaining a ransom) zurtb m. zurtj f. good sound
1 zo zord r strong, powerful, mighty
2 zo dimunitive son ! Hey, sonny! zorzjtj m. oppression, violence
3 zu m. piece of brick zortalba requiring great strength to be
4 zov imperfect tense of 1 engaged in heavy physical labor
zv f. supplication, fervent entreaty zavr m. Arabic 1 boat, launch 2 gondola (of a balloon)
zavhk m. Arabic plural zoology reptile zavra 1 pertaining to a boat 2 pertaining to a pontoon
zuvv r m. Arabic plural of zvarakaj m. zvar kaj zvarakaj (vowel sign for the phoneme
zvk m. dialect life /a/)
zvgr m. person seeking forgiveness zorgr 1.1 demanding, insistent 1.2 unyielding, insistant 2
1 zav l m. Arabic 1 destruction, decline; dying out 2 loss 3 m. usurper
decline or setting of the sun at dusk zorl transitive [past: ] 1 to torture, oppress 2 to
zav l m.
2 1
bore, bother 3 to curse, reprove 4 to compel
zbl dialect zorle f. cursing, abuse to curse, abuse
zavtavl denominative, transitive zorna f. 1 oppression; pressure, stress 2 bawling out, telling
zaudzh m. Arabic 1 pair, something occuring in pairs 2 off; cursing out 3 coercion
married couple, spouses zurv laj m.
zaudzh Arabic 1 paired, composing a pair 2 marital, zoravr zorava 1 strong, mighty, powerful 2 strong, very
pertaining to marriage marital relations great; stormy strong wind storm-lashed
zaudzhijt m. Arabic marriage, matrimony floodwaters 3 prominent, outstanding a
zukhlavl transitive prominent singer 4 beautiful, excellent to
zukhledl intransitive compose beautiful songs 5 strong bright (light)
zud 1 quickly, hurriedly, soon 2 combining form zoravtb m. zoravartj f. zoravarv laj
easily digestible (of food) strength, power, might
zavd t m. zavravl transitive [past: ] 1 to grieve, upset 2 to
zudrndzha hot-tempered, irascible; touchy torture 3 to oppress
402
zvarakj m. zoh m.
zor f. strength, might zoh f. sweetened syrup (of unabi and other berries); jelly
zavredl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grieve for, be zohavl transitive
disturbed, be grieved 2 to be pain-wracked, suffer zoh f.
1
zo 1 f.
za m. [plural: z f. plural: za] zughndza f. pistachio (tree, nut) yielding a tannic
.1 old, ancient old man old city substance, buzunchu
monument of antiquity 1.2 old, ancient; worn; secondhand, used 1
zuk m. 1 labor; effort, striving 2 concern, worry
2 m. old man 2
zok m. hardened earth of a karez or Afghan irrigation well or
2
zv 1 m. slope, declivity, incline, descent 2 attributive ditch system
gently sloping, uneven an uneven place zka f. 1 birth birthday at
zo-p old, ancient; worn; used birth 2 biology artificial propagation 3 fertilization
1 zotb m. 1 old age, declining years 2 antiquity; artificial fertilization (insemination)
superannuation 1 zkj born newborn baby boy
2 zvtb m. slope, declivity, incline, descent 2 zki plural of
1 zotj f. zuklavl transitive [past: ] to torment, torture
2 zvtj f. 2 zukledl intransitive [past: ] to be tormented, be
zoht m. 1 tortured
zorkaj m. zokavl transitive [past: past: ] 1 to give
zvand pendent, hanging head hanging dejectedly birth to, bear 2 to give birth to, serve as a reason for
zvandavl denominative [past: ] to hang, zokavna f. birth
suspend zokavnke f. woman in or approaching childbirth,
zvandj m. basket containing food products (hung high to parturient woman
protect the contents from mice and cats) zvag m. Eastern 1
zvandedl denominative [past: ] to be hung, hang zga f. 1
1 zov laj m. 1 1 zavl m. yarrow, milfoil
2 zvrv laj m. 2 2 zul m. 1 2 cold; cold winds
zoavl transitive 3 zol m. 1 2 worry, concern
1 zvj m. 2 zul l m. aggressor; oppressor; user of force
2 zavj m. load; burden, cargo zul ndaj oppressive, repressive
zoedl intransitive zavlna f. [plural: zavlan] handcuffs, manacles,
zoz m. [plural: zoz n] plural botany camelthorn (the chains idiom to throw off the chains of slavery
bush) idiom a to deprive someone of the
zavz t m. zavz d m. possibility of independent action b to deprive someone of
zozkudj m. temporary (hunter's, trapper's) cabin independence
(constructed of thorn brush) zavln purulent, festering to fester, become purulent
zozgua j m. zozgvuj f. manna (dried, edible zavlan f. Eastern
exudate) of the camelthorn bush 1 zol f. household belongings; furnishings, goods and chattels
zozj a f. clumps of thorn bushes 2 zla f. 1 long bag (for transport of cargo on a camel) 2 old-
1 zvag dialect 1 m. .1 noise; hubbub, din; uproar to style silk-lined shirt 3 any very large object
make a noise, cause an uproar I heard the noise. zla-zla huge, enormous (of an object) to be
What's that noise? 1.2 anxiety; distress 1.3 huge, be enormous (of an object)
hunger; want 2.1 lost 2.2 disordered, deranged 1
zolj m. felt bag (for transporting skin bags of oil on
zvg m. bitter taste, bile, gall
2
camelback)
zvagtal nga f. dialect echo 2 zolj f.
zvag m m. zli-zanbli f. singular rags, old clothes
zvagn k noisy 1 zum m. 1 son-in-law 2 groom
zvag-u-zvg
m. zvga f. dialect
1
2 zvam 1 scanty, insufficient; small 2 diminished, decreased
zvaged l intransitive dialect [past: ] to make noise, to subtract, diminish to diminish, decrease,
make a roar (of a crowd) become scanty, run short
403
zmb f. Zomba (city) zojmaj zjmaj m. a man whose son has died
zumbk m. astronomy the Pleiades to deprive of a son to lose a son
zumbkj m. 1 small pompom; tassel 2 pendant earring zujnv m. dialect foster son
1 zumtb m. state of being a son-in-law or groom; state of zojv laj m. zojval f. sonship
being a newly-married man 1 z first person singular, oblique 1 I (the subject of the action
2
zvamtb m. zvamtj f. insufficiency, want of intransitive verbs in all tenses and of transitive verbs in the
zumkhl m. plural 1 son-in-law's kinfolk or tribe; son-in- present and future tenses) namely me, wit me I am
law's relations 2 bridegroom's kinfolk or tribe; bridegroom's going. I am working 2 me (the object of the action of
relations intransitive verbs in ergative constructions) He (they)
zumgj m. best man (for a groom) beat me. They beat me.
zumgj m. affectionate son-in-law 2 za dialect 2
zuml m. promise zuhd m. Arabic selfless devotion, asceticism, aloofness
1 zvmna f. soup, chowder to be a selfless devotee, be an ascetic; hold oneself aloof from this
2 zvmna f. loss, damage world
1 zumv laj m. 1 zahr m. zhr plural poison, bane; toxic substance
2 zvamv laj m. 2 to poison food, put poison in food to
zvamavl denominative [past: ] to remove, do away poison, envenom to poison someone
with zuhr f. regional 2
zumj f. 2 zahrhld poisonous; poisoned
zvamedl denominative [past: ] to disappear, vanish zahrkhnd m. malevolence, malicious pleasure in the
zumjknda f. meadow, pasture misfortune of others gloatingly, with malicious
zvn pleasure at another's ill-fortune
zmba f. wink, winking; blink, blinking zahrd r poisonous; poisoning; poisoned
zvand m. dialect zahrmor zahrmuhr f. bezoar
zvandn m. dialect zahrn k
zvandj dialect 1 zuhrav venereal venereal disease
zunj m. 1 pompom, tassel 2 pendant 2 zahrav poisonous, toxic
zunigr m. zunigr zundivl m. braid maker, 1 zahr f. 1 bile 2 gallbladder 3 figurative mainlines,
gold-lace maker bravery, courage, valor idiom a to be frightened b to
znga f. 1 hum, buzz 2 echo, replication (of sound), be very disturbed
reverberation, repetition (of sound) to let 2 zuhr f. astronomy Venus
someone know, inform someone 1 zahratarkaj grieving to torture
zni someone a to be unsuccessful; try in vain b to be
zaj m. seed (e.g., of a melon, watermelon) strongly disturbed
zbb m. 1 percolation, soaking through 2 wetting 2 zahratrak f. 1 death 2 torment, suffering; strong grief
1 zovl [past: past: ] to bear, give birth to 1 zahr
2 zovl transitive 2 zuhar Arabic venereal
zoolodzhst m. zoologist zahrijt m. toxicity; poisonousness, noxiousness (of air)
zoolodzh f. zoology zahril regional
zovlaj born zehguzri f. laying eggs, depositing of eggs (of insects)
zovnke f. parturient woman, woman in childbirth zehgr m. 1 notching of a bow (for fastening the bowstring) 2
zovna f. birth the birth of a son fingerboard (of a stringed musical instrument)
zva f. pus to suppurate (a wound) zhb m. zahb 1 pus 2 mucus, secretion
1 zoj zuj m. [plural: zmn] 1 son zhoz d m.
foster son the celebration of the birth of a son zhavl transitive [past: ] 1 to exhaust, wear out 2
mama's boy 2 young (of animals) to use up 3 to remove, eliminate 4 to grieve
2 zvi feminine plural of zah 1 worn-out 2 vanished 3 distant
zvrgj m.
zojk m. zojkaj m. diminutive son, sonny
404
zhedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grow thin; become 1

zjtj m. 1 increase; raise 2 addition, augmentation 3
emaciated 2 to become worn out; get tired 3 to vanish 4 to wear violence, force to oppress someone idiom
oneself out to be too obstinate, be overly stubborn
zahr 1 gaunt, emaciated 2 weak, powerless; ill; tired 3 2 zjt zijt 1.1 over and above that, besides that, aside from
saddened, grieved in a sorry state of that; moreover besides this; moreover
affairs 4 pining for someone I need nothing more. 1.2 usually, ordinarily 2.1
zahirtb m. zahirtj f. zahirv laj m. 1 superfluous a garbage b discharge 2.2 spare, reserve
exhaustion, state of being worn out 2 weakness, powerlessness; (of things) 3 already
weariness 3 sadness, longing; grieving sadly, zjtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
worthy of compassion increase; rise 2 to be added to, augment 3 to grow, intensify 4 to
zahirval denominative [past: ] 1 to exhaust, wear exceed, excel
out 2 to make weak, make powerless; drain, deplete 3 to grieve, zjtigr m. zhtv l m. agressor
sadden zij d Arabic
zahiredl denominative, intransitive 1 to become exhausted zijd b full, flood, having a high water-level
2 to get tired 3 to become sad, become distressed zijdt m. Arabic
1
ze f. the name of the letter zijdavl transitive
2
zj f. extended family, clan zijd Arabic
3
zaj m. 1 posterity, descendants 2 combining form tribe, zijdedl intransitive
tribal subdivision a akhmadz Akhmadzai (subdivision of zjr m. endeavor, effort; labor with great effort, with
various tribes) b akhmadzj m. Akhmadzaj (tribesman) great labor to endeavor, strive, labor; make
4
ze combination of the pronoun and Eastern efforts to personally undertake work
if I leave him This work requires great diligence.
5 zaj m. 1 zjr istnkaj 1 assiduous; zealous, industrious 2 m.
6 zj f. worker
zj f. 1 memory 2 notification to inquire about, ask zjrt m. zijrt Arabic 1 pilgrimage, visit to holy places 2
about somebody 3 knowledge, wisdom visit, call a to make a pilgrimage, visit holy places b to
zj t zij t 1 much; highly; more very much call on, visit to visit relatives c espistolary
most of all still more, all the more c to vouchsafe to read (a letter) 3 idiom
frequently, repeatedly all the more since; Thursday
especially excessively zjratgh haj m. Ziarat Gahaj (principal town,
to prefer one to another 2.1 many; numerous Momand Province)
in many places in a large quantity zijartg h m. place of pilgrimage; shrine, holy place
many think that many suppose that 2.2 zj rsaj 1 agile, quick 2 bright
largest, greatest the maximum, limit to pay zjrkh zjr khnkaj 1 assiduous, zealous;
more attention to something industrious 2 m. a worker
zjttb m. zjrkah f. zjrna f. endeavor; zeal, fervor,
zjtra great part, majority many of us; industry
the majority of us The majority of us zj a f. abuse to swear, curse
know this. zj n zij n m. 1 damage, loss, harm to suffer, receive
zjtv l m. damage or injury; suffer loss 2 loss military casualties
zjtv laj m. 1 increase; rise; growth four zjnk r 1 harmful, detrimental 2 m. pest, vermin
times 2 plurality 3 intensification 4 surplus zjnkr f. damage, injury, detriment
flood, high water 5 addition, increment to harm
zjtb m. increase in wages zjnmn 1 suffering, receiving damage, suffering a
by a majority of votes loss to suffer, receive damage, suffer a loss 2
zjtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ruinous
increase; raise 2 to multiply 3 to add, add to something ... zjnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to inflict
I wish to add that 4 to intensify, strengthen 5 to damage 2 to cause an abortion, abort
develop to develop agriculture zjn 1 2 f. woman who is having an abortion
405
zjnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to zir-u-bm m. high and low notes, extremes
suffer, suffer damage, suffer loss 2 to be injured 3 to be aborted a to strike chords on the rebab b to disturb, strike a
(of a fetus) sensitive note to be engrossed in
zeb m. 1 adornment, furnishings 2 beauty, elegance music
zeb 1 beautiful; well-dressed; elegant 2 f. kind of pattern on a zer-u-zabr to examine closely
skullcap of the Middle-Eastern type zir f. caraway
zeb k m. Zebak (district, Badakshan) 1 zraj m. 1 (joyous, pleasant) news, tidings
zebunnis f. Arabic proper name Zebunnisa to convey (joyous) tidings to someone; congratulate
zeb f. beauty, elegance; attractiveness someone 2 dandelion 3 spiderweb (flying in the air)
zeb f. endearment form from Zebo 2 zir plural of
zajtn m. Arabic olive, olive tree olive oil zerajgaj m. zerajv l m. man bringing good
1 zajtna f. news; harbinger of good tidings
2 zajtna f. proper name Zajtuna 1
zja 1 yellow; reddish blond pale (of the face)
zidzh m. Arabic astronomical tables; astronomical calendar What makes you pale? 2 m. yolk (of an egg)
zajd m. Arabic proper name Zejd idiom 2 ze m. plural brass
someone or other, any zjanka f. 1 yellow wagtail 2
1 zir m. 1 zjarpstaj yellow-skinned
2 zer m. zir 1 bottom, lower part 2 zer, kasra (vowel sign) zjazbehlaj 1 yellow 2 pale, grown pale 3 thin-
zir m. zer music 1 high tone; high note 2 thin string (giving a looking, pinched-looking
high note) zeka f. zka yellow bunting, Emberiza bruniceps
zerastr m. lining zjagl m. 1 dandelion 2 proper name Zjargul
zerbaghal f. a small drum zjav laj m. 1 sallow complexion 2 paleness
zerban f. philosophy basis zjaavl denominative [past: ] 1 to make yellow;
zerdzhm f. pants color yellow 2 to make pale
zerkhn f. 1 cellar, basement. 2 adobe house; dugout 1 zja f. swearing, abuse to abuse, swear at
zerkhl m. primer end of a cartridge case 2 zja feminine singular of 1
zerdst 1.1 dependent (on); subject (to); subordinate; junior 1 zej m. 1 medicine jaundice 2 yolk (of an egg)
(to) 1.2 submissive (to) 2 m. .1 subordinate 2.2 history a 2 zjaj f. disgrace a to shout, cry out b to defame,
vassal revile
zerizamin 1 underground, subterranean 2 f. 3 zjaj 1 yellow 2 pale
zirk 1.1 quick on the uptake, clever; inventive, resourceful zjaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to yellow;
1.2 sharp-witted 1.3 efficient, adroit 2 m. .1 proper name be colored yellow 2 to grow pale 3 to ripen (of grains, etc.)
Zirak 2.2 Zirak (a branch of the Durrani tribes) 1
zeg m. birth
zirak f. 1 cleverness, quick-wittedness; inventiveness, 2
zig zig f. m. [plural: zig f. plural: zig]
1
resourcefulness 2 sharp-wittedness 3 efficiency, adroitness hard, firm, stiff 2 crude, rough; unfinished 3 sharp (of a retort) 4
zergj m. steep, perpendicular; inaccessible 5 direct, frank (of a person) 6
zeral computer science compress, to compress uncomely, ungainly 7 stern, cruel 8 rude (of words)
zerilb softly, in a whisper to whisper zigtb m. zigtj

f.
zrma f. 1 preparation; stockpiling, reserve the zgda-pg da
f. appearance, beginning, origin
reserve for a year 2 supply a to stockpile, create

zgga f. astronomy zodiac
reserves b to supply 3 concern, care 4 mission, message,
1 ziggj m. hedgehog
commission 5 visit, call

zigg
2
j f. female hedgehog
zermatn m. military supply directorate, quartermaster
zgma f. eyelid
department
zegntn m. lying-in home
zermakhr m. partisan, follower zeg ndzj m. birthplace; homeland

zermas t m. warehouseman zgnda 1 f. .1 figurative source, spring, wellspring 1.2
fruit, result, outcome a to give birth to b to form,
zermav l m. military chief of supply
create (e.g., words) 1.3 grammar 2 attributive
zernj stagnant, foul (e.g., of water)
a low marshy place, water-filled hollow
406
zegndj
1 fruitful 2 productive, resulting zajnba f. proper name Zainab
zigv
laj m. 1 firmness, hardness, stiffness 2 rudeness, zinph m. 1 cover (for a saddle) 2 saddlecloth; horse-
roughness 3 sharpness 4 directness, frankness cloth
1
l transitive [past: ] 1 to give birth to, bear
zegav zint m. Arabic decoration, furniture, appointments
2 to create zinat 1 adorning 2 decorative decorative plants
l denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
2
zigav zins z m. saddler; harness-maker
harden, make stiff 2 to make rude, rough 3 to tighten zinkogrf f. manufacture of moveable type
1 zig feminine singular of 2 zingr m. crowd, mass, multitude
2 zig m. plural of 2
zingj m. sports throw over the thigh (in wrestling)
1
l intransitive [past: ]1 to be born 2 to appear,
zeged zinavl transitive [past: ] to saddle
arise, begin 3 to flow out, ooze out (of water) zin f. 1 stairway; flight of stairs lift, elevator
2
l denominative, intransitive [past: ] to get
ziged escalator ladder 2 stage, level
hard, become firm; grow stiff 2 to grow crude, become rough 3 zevr m. decoration; valuables, jewels; appointments, furniture
to be sharp 4 to be direct, frank 5 to be embittered against to adorn oneself; adorn with jewels
someone; be in a temper 6 to get down, work; set briskly to work zevra f. proper name Zevara
idiom The old man was stupified. 1 zj combination of the pronouns and 4
My hair stood on end. 2 zj f. clan, family, descent, origin What
zeged
lj 1 having been born (newly-born) is his family origin?
newborn, infant 2 arising, appearing, beginning zjr
zeged
na f. zeged
m. 1 birth 2 appearance, rise, zjiravl transitive
beginning, origin zjiredl intransitive
zist m. life, existence to live, exist
zist-i-bham f. coexistence
zig Eastern 2
zigr m. zhe the nineteenth letter of the Pashto alphabet
zigv laj Eastern zhpn rare Japan
zigavl transitive Eastern 2 zhkh m. dense forest
zigedl intransitive Eastern 2 zhkh plain, homely, ugly (of a person)
1 zjl m. zjl kind, sort, type various dishes zhkh f. thicket of bushes
What kind? zhrgh laj m. nomads' temporary dwelling place dug into
2 zil m. zel 1 cord (for tying up a person under arrest) 2 the ground
stubbornness, obstinacy zh m. 1
3 zajl m. 2 zh present stem of
zlnd m. New Zealand zhndk m. cry-baby (of a person)
zilch f. small rebab zhnda f. spring from which water dribbles out
zel f. 1 tendril (of a plant, runner) 2 branch (of a tribe) 1 zh imperfective of
zelj f. 1 tendril (of a plant) 2 rootlet 3 medicine scrofula 2 zh a imperfective imperative of
zjam m. moisture; dampness to grow damp 1 zh la f. Eastern 1
zimttb m. embarassment, shame 2 zhl f. hail
zimt being ashamed, ashamed to shame zhmbl m. jawbone
to be ashamed zh ma f. Eastern jaw upper jaw, maxilla
zjamdzhn lower jaw, mandible molar
zjamkh m. drainage canal His teeth were chattering from the cold.
zjamn zjamn k moist, damp to moisten zhnd rm m. gendarme
zjamna f. moist soil zhndrm f. gendarmerie border guard
zjamv laj m. moisture; dampness chief of the gendarmerie (in a province)
1 zin m. saddle to saddle zhn f. flattery, toadyism, sycophancy
compound verb to saddle (a horse) compound verb to flatter; fawn (upon)
2
zajn m. Arabic decoration, furniture, appointments zanj m. 1 flatterer 2 toady, lickspittle, sycophant
407
zhwln 1.1 sticky; sticky; resinous 1.2 irresolute, hesitant, verb a to be insolent b to argue; dispute c to promise, give one's
listless, languid, spiritless 2 m. nincompoop; irresolute person, word to someone d to start talking (of a child)
milksop compound verb to speak indistinctly, mumble, mutter
zh wla f. 1 resin; gum 2 cud compound verb a to He was left speechless. compound verb to break
chew the cud b figurative to talk nonsense, foolishness; talk a promise to silence somebody compound
rubbish, talk through one's hat ! Don't talk nonsense! verb a to promise, give a promise b to come to an agreement
3 rosin, colophony with someone Eastern We became silent
zhbn m. zhbnkaj m. translator (from one compound verb to mention to speak
language into another) (in) Pashto to translate into English
zhb a f. translation (from one language into another); to be forgotten
paraphrasing He tells everything that he is feeling. 3 pointer (of
zhbw m. 1 flatterer, sycophant 2 intriguer, plotter; scales or a balance) idiom I am fed up with it,
dodger I am sick and tired of it, I have had it upto my ears.
zhbph m. zhbpoh nd m. 1 linguist 2 translator zabakj f. anatomy uvula
(from one language into another) zhbanst well-known to everybody, talk of the town, topic
zhbpohna f. linguistics of general conversation
zhbpezhandna f. zhbawr 1 eloquent, expressive 2 having a sharp tongue,
zhbpezhandnkaj m. sharp-tongued 3 using foul language
zhbdd m. grammar zhbawrtj f. 1 eloquence 2 impudence, impertinence,
zhbhodna f. teaching (one's native) language insolence, cheek 3 foul language, ribaldry
zhbgh nd m. zhbgh ndaj child who is zhbawrkaj
beginning to talk compound verb to begin to talk (of zhbj f. 1 anatomy tongue 2 tongue (of flame) 3 gore, gusset
a child) My son is already talking. (in a dress) idiom a medicine croup b to lecture
zhbn promised, given (one's) word someone at length, preach at length
zhbnj linguistic zhbnkaj m. gore, gusset (of a dress)
zhbawr zhdojl transitive
zhbunkaj m. 1 gore, gusset (in a dress) 2 collar 3 insert in zhdojna f. cud
a bodice embroidered in gold zhr quickly; soon very soon ! Come here right
zhbunwahlaj struck dumb from fear away! compound verb to hurry, rush, hasten
zhba f. 1 anatomy tongue tongue compound verb to (be in a) hurry, make haste ! Hurry up!
uvula 2 language (as means of intercourse) He hurried.
the Pashto language the English language zhrpzhr quickly; urgently
foreign language regional dialect zhrtj f. speed; velocity
national language state language zhrga f.
colloquial language official language official zhrlk m. botany matrimony vine, boxthorn, Lycium
state language to recognize as the state language zhrandagaj m. miller
native language underworld language zhrnda f. mill (water) wind-mill steam
baby's babble in other words (-powered) mill hand mill to grind
(to know or learn) by heart flattery in (one's) wheat in a mill idiom a to grind wheat at
native language compound verb to retract one's word, go somebody's mill b figurative to get to know someone well;
back on one's word compound verb a to retract one's idiom a to make someone a miller b figurative give
word b to be insolent c to chatter, babble, talk nonsense a person no rest The pain doesn't give him any
compound verb to become silent; lapse into silence, stop talking respite. idiom a to become a miller b figurative
compound verb to chatter, babble, engage in idle talk to fail to find relief. idiom between a
compound verb to smack (one's) lips compound rock and a hard place
verb to talk; babble, to work the tongue compound verb zhrandag aj m. miller
to be silent, utter not a word compound verb to speak; zhrandigh h m. anatomy molar
say compound verb a to dare (to) b to bawl, scream, zhrang m. peal, ringing, chime
yell, shout, shriek, wail (usually of women) compound zhrangnj m. handbell, bell, cymbal
408
zhrangawl transitive zhgh m. squeak, creak squeak, creak

zhrangah r m. peal, ringing; chime compound verb to squeak, creak
zhrangedl intransitive zhgh f.
zhrw laj m. speed; velocity zhaghtsj f. needle(s) (of a conifer)
zhra f. zhry 1 thorn, prickle; thorn tree 2 hawthorn zhghrl transitive
zha Western 1 m. plural brass 2.1 yellow penny, zhaghl m.
brassware 2.2 pale idiom darling, sweetheart zhghan m. notch; cut; indentation
zha f. 1 crying, weeping to start to cry compound verb to make a notch, cut, score, serrate
It's no use crying over spilt milk. zhghnkaj m. 1 cut; notch; groove, slot 2 military notch
Eastern He began to cry. to of a rear sight
speak in a whining voice 2 complaint to complain to zhghan m.
someone 3 whining, whimpering 4 lamentation 5 galipot (on a zhghordz j m. zhghrdzy m. refuge, asylum,
mulberry tree) sanctuary, shelter
zha n 1 whining 2 complaining zhghorl transitive [past: ] 1 to defend, protect,
zha nda Muharram (the first month of the lunar year) guard compound verb a to defend oneself b to beware
the first ten days of Muharram of, be careful of; to refrain, abstain from 2 to warn, caution
zhank m. cry-baby (against)
zha nka f. blue-headed wagtail, Motacilla flava zhghorna f. defense; guarding, protection self-
zhabakhun yellowish defense
zharngaj yellow zhghorj m. defender
zhagh zhaaghnkay dialect, zhaaghnay zhghunj m. 1 2 abusive viper, spiteful person
whining, whiny zhghh r m. squeak, creak compound verb to
zhal transitive [present: past: ] 1 squeak, creak
(without a direct object) to cry, weep Why was she zhghj m. stretcher, litter (made of branches)
crying? to howl, roar, bellow 2 (with a direct object) zhga f. dialect wife
to mourn something He bemoans his fate. zhalj f. Western
zhandk zhandkay 1 whining, whiny 2 m. zhmgnj winter, winter's, wintry
cry-baby zhmgraj m. winter camp; winter dwelling
zhanda f. zhmna f. promise compound verb to promise
zhaw laj m. yellowness, yellowish-ness zhmnj winter, winter's, wintry
zhauzham yellowish zhmaj m. winter in winter idiom
zhaawl transitive [past: ] to make cry; bring to tears the first twenty-five days of winter (when there is still little snow)
Parting made be sad. idiom the period from the sixty-sixth through the
zhaawnkaj touching, moving, stirring ninetieth day of winter (when winter has really settled in)
zhaaghnaj zhaagna zhn adjectival suffix
1 zhaj 1 yellow; very yellow 2 medicine jaundice, icterus zhandr f. 1 lock 2 apparatus for straightening used shell
2 zhaj f. 1 2 mirage cases
1 zhaedl intransitive [past: ]to cry, weep zhandrj f. wiredrawing bench
2 zhaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to zhenr l 1 m. general 2 general general consul
yellow, to become yellow The flowers turned yellow. zhang withered
2 to turn or become pale She blanched zhngra f.
1 zhaednkaj present participle from 1 zhangraj m. cluster, bunch (of grapes)
running eyes, teary eyes zhenosd m. genocide
2 zhaednkaj present participle from 2 zhinw m. Geneva
zhaed m. 1 weeping, crying 2 mourning, bemoaning 1 zhkj m. youth, lad, adolescent boy, young man
zhzhgj m. hedgehog 2 zhkj f. teenage girl, adolescent girl, girl
zhgh m. 1 yoke 2 figurative yoke (as a symbol of oppression, 1 zhaj m. 1 young man, lad, adolescent 2 fianc
etc.) 2 zhaj f. 1 gut, intestine 2 string (made of gut) 3 bow string
zhaitb m. adolescence; youth
409
zhwk m. life, existence elderly life vivacity She shared with him both joys
and death compound verb to live and sorrows.
zhbl wounded; injured, hurt; crippled, mutilated, maimed zhwandn oblique singular of
zhobltb m. zhoblty f. wounding many times, zhwandpha biology
covering with wounds; mutilation zhwandob f. plural folklore water of life
zhoblawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to zhwand-u-zhw k m. life, existence

wound, cripple, injure, hurt 2 to harm, injure; inflict damage; joyful life
The sun blinds the eyes. zhwndn m. life, way of life standard of
zhobledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be living struggle for existence coexistence
wounded; be hurt; be crippled 2 to suffer compound verb to live, exist; be found, live, breed (of
zhbla f. wound, injury animals) compound verb to be the bane of (someone's)
zhobled m. plural wound(ing); mutilation existence
zhawr, zhawr, zhwr 1 deep; deep well 2 with zhwandj 1 living, live, alive Is he alive or is
ruts and grooves, with pits and bumps compound verb or he dead? 2 lively, active, mobile; energetic 3 animated, lively
compound verb or compound verb or (e.g., of correspondence) compound verb a to animate,
compound verb to make deep 3 wise; intelligent 4 deep, serious, revive, resurrect; revitalize, resuscitate b to save, rescue, come to
solid, substantial; profound idea soneone's aid c to encourage, reassure, cheer (someone) up
zhawrtb m. zhawrty f. 1 depth 2 hollow, compound verb a to rise again, come to life; be restored to
depression life b become animated c to be saved, be rescued 4 undercooked
zhawrgh haj m. depression in the front tooth of a horse (of pulses)! Long live Afghanistan!
(by which its age is judged) vanished
zhawrgh laj m. 1 small pit, little hole 2 agriculture zhwanditb m. vivacity, liveliness; animation
hollow, hill, hole zhwandajked m. plural 1 resurrection, reanimation;
zhawrlgaj m. zhawrlngay m. anatomy revival, rebirth 2 saving, rescuing
popliteal fossa zhowl 1 transitive [present: past: ] .1 to
zhawrmch m. technology plumb line, plumb bob chew; chew well, masticate 1.2 figurative to chew over, think
zhurn l m. magazine over, mull over, reason out 2 m. plural .1 chewing, masticating
zhurnlst m. journalist 2.2 figurative thinking, mulling over, reasoning out
zhurnlist 1 journalistic 2 f. journalism zhwa live! long live! stay alive!
zhawrw laj m. 1 depth 2 depression; pit; hollow, cavity; 1 zhwaj 1 lively, animated 2 m. animal; living being, creature
dent 2 zhoj present stem of and
zhawrawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to zhojl transitive
deepen, make deeper; make a depression zhun m. June
1
zhwra 1 f. .1 depth 1.2 pit, hole; depression; hollow, zhja imperfective imperative of
cavity; dent 2 feminine singular of 1 zhaj m. [plural: zhi and zhiy n] 1 wineskin 2
2
zhawra f. leech compound bagpipes
verb to apply leeches, put on leeches 2
zhj f. 1 edge edge of a precipice, verge of disaster
zhawri plural of 1, 2 2 side side of a boat 3 side of the road, shoulder 4
border, edging, selvage 5 border, edge (of a forest) 6 string 7
zhawredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to go
deep into; go deep down; project into
bowstring to tighten bowstring to loosen
bowstring 8 math chord
zhawredna f. depression, hollow
zhwazh m. 3 zhe f. the name of the letter
zholid 1 tangled, muddled, confused 2 disheveled, tousled,
zhib a f.
rumpled
zhba f. dialect
zhwand, zhwnd m. 1 life, existence zhjr 1 m. plural .1 brass 1.2 bile, gall 2.1 yellow; reddish,
red-haired 2.2 pale compound verb a to turn yellow b
the struggle for life compound verb to
to turn pale compound verb compound
live, exist to live amicably
verb
to live a boring life 2 animation, liveliness,
zhja nka f.
410
zhjabkhn yellowish gghal

m. 1 sludge; (ice) 2 gravel
zhjarng yellow, yellow-colored reddish beard gagh
n compound verb a to spoil, turn rancid (of oil)
zhjasre f. yellow-headed wagtail b to suffer, get into trouble A misfortune befell
zhjagul m. Ahmed.
zhjaw laj m. yellow(ish)ness gghor
l transitive Western
zhtaawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make gaghug
gh
m. noise, shouting, uproar, hubbub
yellow, color yellow gaghaw
l transitive [past: ] 1 to sing 2 to play (a
1
zhja 1 f. .1 yellow(ish)ness 1.2 medicine jaundice 2 musical instrument) 3 to compel (someone) to talk, make
feminine singular of 2 (someone) be heard 4 to make noise to shout to
zhja f. 1 shame, disgrace 2 insult 3 mockery
2
someone
a to shame someone, disgrace someone b to gaghed
l 1 intransitive [past: ] .1 to sound, resound
insult someone 4 to mock someone, make fun of someone (of sounds) 1.2 to talk, to speak; converse; express oneself 2 m.
compound verb a to shame, disgrace, defame b to insult; plural sound(ing), phonation
scold, rail at, heap abuse on c to mock, make fun of gaghednkaj
1 present participle of 2 sound
1
zhjaj 1 m. medicine jaundice 2.1 yellow malaria talking pictures
2.2 pale to lick one's lips (watching someone eat) gaghz
1 vocal (e.g., the vocal chords) 2 clear, ringing
2 zhjaj 1 f. 2 feminine singular of 1 2 linguistics vowel
zhjaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to gghelw
f. pointless argument
yellow, become yellow 2 to pale, become pale galagrkaj
m. soft hail, snow pellets, graupel, tapioca snow
zhjaedna f. zhyaed m. plural 1 yellowing, turning gal
j f. hail
yellow 2 pallor, paleness gmndz
f. plural comb
zhjan brass gmndzaw
l denominative, transitive [past: ] to
comb compound verb to comb one's hair
to comb the hair
gmndzed
l denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
ge the twentieth letter of the Pashto alphabet; retroflex comb one's hair
gd present stem of gmundz
f.
gdn
m. plural millet millet bread gmundzaw
l transitive
gadn
1 m. plural Gaduni (a tribe) 2 m. a Gadun (member of gmundzj
m. technology reed (in a loom)
the Gadun tribe) gang
m. bell (e.g., door bell, telephone ringer, electric bell),
greng
ri m. plural handbell
ga j f. gngraj
m. cluster, bunch (of grapes)
gag
m. coal dust go ! really I swear by your head!
gagh
m. Western sound; voice; cry, shout loudly gwk
m.
to call to someone gwag
m. noise, din, racket racket What
The sentry called to me. No one called to kind of noise is that?
me. He summoned them to (come to) him ! gugh
m. paired word with noise, uproar, hubbub,
Don't make a fuss! idiom a to render poorly (fat, lard) shouting
b to worsen the patient's condition gwand
m.
ggh
ndza f. flea gwandn m.
gghbandj
m. agriculture yoke pin, plug in the ox-yoke gwandj
gghar
l transitive [past: ] to listen to someone gung m. echo
sympathetically 1 g waj 1
ggharaw
l transitive 2 gwj m. witness
1 gghar f. agreement, consent 1 gj f.
gghraj
2
m. film on the teeth 2 ge f. name of the letter
gaghg gh
raj m. girkhrj laj with shaven beard, clean-shaven
gaghg
agh
f. handbell; cymbal gra
f. beard bearded man
gaghg gh
f. 1 hull on a grain of wheat
j 2 tamarisk leaf to grow a beard to grow a thick and bushy
411
beard Ahmed's beard is 2 sbndaj 1 suffering shortness of breath 2 m. asthmatic

touched with gray compound verb a to shave (one's) sbnj m.
beard b figurative to disgrace oneself ! idiom sb m.
abusive You can go to hell! sb m. Panicum colonum (a plant used to make mats)
Masoud made a spectacle of himself in public sbudn f. colloquial
Ahmed dishonored Wali idiom a to languish sbn m.
in ignorance b to be idle, loaf You sb m. plural vegetables; greens stocking up on
haven't learned anything compound verb to vegetables to be hacked by sabers
beg for something to do clumsily sb khartsawnkaj m. m. greengrocer,
girawr,
girw
r 1 bearded a bearded man 2 m. dealer in green vegetables
a bearded man
sp quite, totally, completely, entirely out of
1
girj
m. elbow; elbow joint
one's mind
2
gir
j f. thin hull of maize 1 sp m plural 1 Sapi (a tribe) 2 m. Sapi
2 sp f. 2
spedl intransitive
st m. 1 colloquial 2 1
1
sin the twenty-first letter of the Pashto alphabet; the numeral 60
stter f. colloquial
in the abjad system
stl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to defend, protect; guard,
2

abbreviation of
watch over compound verb a to defend oneself, protect
s f. [plural: s wi and sg ni] 1 breathing,
oneself b to beware of, guard against to be
respiration take a breath compound verb a to
careful 1.2 to keep, keep safe, protect a to keep a
breathe b to hold one's breath c figurative to get into trouble,
secret b to speak cautiously 1.3 to keep (e.g., lifestock) 1.4 to
have a misfortune d figurative to fall into poverty keep intact, keep in (good) order 1.5 to nurse, take care of, look
His breathing stopped. a choking, suffocating b at after 1.6 to reserve, keep, save up to reserve for
(one's) last breath to be sitting in sadness oneself 1.7 to bring up, rear, educate He is
compound verb to tire, become tired, be short of breath, be
doing a good job raising his sons. 1.8 to keep, have (e.g., a cook,
out of breath compound verb to breathe a servant) 1.9 to maintain (e.g., communications) 2 m. plural
a to breathe intermittantly b to be short-winded,
be short of breath to breathe deeply
stlw laj m. safety, state of good preservation,
compound verb to breathe, live He came home
inviolability; material well-being, material security; protectedness,
out of breath. get into the windpipe, to stick in the throat
security
I choked on the water. stndj, stndj 1 m. .1 defender; patron, sponsor;
to be scared to death 2 stench, stink, guard, keeper, custodian 1.2 religion God, Savior 1.3 protector
heavy smell compound verb to smell bad, to
2 defending, protecting; guarding
stink; come from, issue from (of a heavy smell) 3 air
stang f. labored breathing
to kill someone stna f. 1 defense, protection; safeguarding; protecting
abbreviation of bearer of the order of "Sardar- to conduct defensive combat 2 maintaining
I ala"
in (good) order (e.g., a road) 3 care, caring for (a sick person,
s one's clothing, etc.)
sbq Arabic 1 former, past regional law having
st m. 1 keeper, custodian 2 hospital attendant, orderly
a previous conviction 2 previous, foregoing
stl m. large knife (butcher's); cutter, chopper; hatchet
sbqn Arabic before, formerly, in the past, in former times,
stnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. 1
in the old days, at one time
s ti present tense of
sbiq f. Arabic [m. plural Arabic ] 1 the past 2
ster f. colloquial
precedent 3 length of service, experience, seniority sn m. Eastern satin
to have long work experience 4 experience 5 past
sch m. pink starling
history, pre-history (of an issue) 6 prefix
schm f. usually plural shot (for a shotgun)
1
sband f. 1 shortness of breath; labored breathing 2
sht m.
asthma
412
shir m. Arabic sorcerer, wizard; magician sdarj beardless, clean-shaven

shirn enchanted, magic sdak r m. 1 worker who does simple work 2 apprentice
shir f. Arabic sorceress, witch, magician, enchantress sdakr f. simple work, work that does not require job
shir f. witchcraft, sorcery; wizardry, magic skills
shil, shl m. Arabic [plural: and Arabic ] sdag f.
bank, shore; seashore, seacoast sdaluh simple-minded, artless; credulous; naive
shil shore, coastal shoreline coastal sdalauh f. simple-mindedness; credulousness; naivete
waters sdn f. 1 plowland, plowed field 2 virgin soil
sh f. 1 space, area 2 figurative arena, field, sphere compound verb to plow (up), till compound verb to be
in practice in the field of plowed (up), be tilled proverb neither one
economics thing nor the other
1
skht m. 1 manufacture; production 2 design 3 structure, s m. [plural: ]braggart, boaster
construction sb upset, annoyed; depressed, despondent
2 skht m. morocco (leather) compound verb to be upset, be annoyed; be depressed
skhtsg 1 f. deception, hypocricy; forgery, falsification sub f. state of being upset, distress; depression,
compound verb a to deceive, dissemble b to forge, despondency
counterfeit, falsify 2 man-made, artificial, simulated; counterfeit, s a f. bragging, boasting compound verb
false, falsified to brag, boast
skhtm n m. 1 design; arrangement, layout 2 structure sj f. lazy and stupid woman
elasticity geological formation 3 1 sr m. good news, glad tidings
construction 2 sr m.
skhtmn construction 3 sr m. buzzard (the bird)
skht 1 made, arranged 2 fabricated; contrived; counterfeit, sr f. 1 steppe; desert 2 rural areas
false, forged srshn m. steppe dweller; nomad
skhtak r m. counterfeiter, forger, falsifier srght m. compound verb to
skhtakr f. forgery, fake, falsification heed nature's call
skhlw m. history garrison srj m.
skhwlaj mild, complaisant, obliging srb n m.
skh f. 1 deafening noise 2 calamity, disaster, misfortune 3 crtb m. srty f.
religion Judgment Day, Doomsday srdzhn m. regional sergeant
sd 1.1 honest 1.2 honorable, estimable 1.3 reliable, faithful srq m. Arabic 1 thief 2 plagiarist
2 m. regional head of the house sriq f. Arabic thief
proverb Eastern a thief also has luck (literally: twenty nights for srka f. pink starling (locust-eater)
the head of the house, one night for a thief) srmkj f. s rma f. srmy f. orach,
sd t m. plural Arabic of mountain spinach, Atriplex hortensis
sdag f. 1 simplicity; unpretentiousness; primitiveness 2 srind f. srng m. sringy f. kind of violin
artlessness, credulity, navet out of simple- srw n m. camel driver, cameleer, camel herdsman
mindedness compound verb to act directly srdzh m. cement
sd m. 1 swindler, cheat 2 flatterer 1 sr oblique of 1 three kurukhs wide
sd 1 simple, uncomplicated; unpretentious, artless; primitive (about 10 kilometers)
simple way in plain words 2 simple- 2 sr f.
minded, credulous, nave 3 short-witted, intellectually limited 4 1 s ri m.
pure, without contaminants 5 beardless, clean-shaven 6 humble, 2 sr Arabic communicable, infectious
of modest means (of a house, etc.) 7 banal, trite, commonplace, communicable diseases hospital for
petty, vulgar infectious diseases
s da feminine singular of 3
to
s raj 1 equal, equivalent 2 m. equal, match
sdatb m. have no equal He has no equal.
sdadl simple-minded, credulous; naive These two boys are equal.
sdadil f. simple-mindedness, credulousness; naivete Settle accounts with him for me.
413
sritb m. equality suit, fit; be just right proverb to be reconciled,

s dying, being killed (of crops, from frost, drought, etc.) reconcile oneself
s 1 m. plural cold (weather), frost It is cold szed m. plural 1 manufacturing; building 2 fixing,
today. I feel very cold today. 2 m. plural and adjusting, getting organized
oblique singular of in the cool shade st' Arabic sparkling, twinkling, shining
in a cold place proverb str m. Arabic
to experience much in life idiom delight (of my s't m. Arabic 1 hour an hour and a half
eyes), consolation in an hour in twenty hours 2 clock,
s-twd m. plural onion soup watch 3 time after some time from
sj f. s sari (Indian women's dress) time to time instantly
1 sz 1 m. .1 equipment, gear accouterments 1.2 instantly just now a a long time b hourly;
harness 1.3 saz (musical instrument) 1.4 music musical constantly, continuously after some time
instrument compound verb to play (a musical some time having taken a little walk
instrument) 1.5 lift (construction) 2.1 made, manufactured 2.2 accident to have a good time
in good repair, unbroken 2.3 well, healthy I am healthy. proverb Eastern You can't turn back the clock.
2.4 proper, fitting; appropriate; suitable; pertinent, apt, to the point s'atter f. 1 pastime, entertainment to
That is not the right way. 2.5 in agreement, in have a good time 2 delight, joy
conformity with something 2.6 being in good order; settled, s't dzhoawnkaj m. s'ats z m.
arranged Things are not going well for him. 2.7 watchmaker
correct, right That is true. 2.8 business-like, s'atsz f. manufacturing of watches
efficient, sensible (of a person) s'atwl m. watchmaker, watch vendor
2 s z making, fabricating something watchmaker s' 1 assiduous, diligent; careful, thorough, painstaking 2 m.
szsh m. 1 compact; agreement; deal; compromise adherent, zealot
compound verb to come to an agreement; enter into a deal, sghr m. cup, goblet
make a compromise 2 Eastern plot, conspiracy sghr f.m. 1 croup (of a horse, donkey) 2 shagreen,
szishk r m. conciliator; double-dealer shagreen leather
szish conciliating; accomodating, easy-going, easy to get sq m. Arabic 1 shin, shank 2 boot top 3 stem, stalk
along with sqch f. pedicle
szht m. harmony, consent, agreement sqit Arabic 1 falling 2 annulled, having lost force, having
szm n m. organization; enterprise, production facility become invalid to consider invalid
szand, szind m. 1 musician 2 creator, builder This agreement is null and void.
szub z m. furnishings (e.g., of a room), furniture sqitawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
szusm n m. furnishings; equipment, outfit, annul, declare null and void
accouterment sqitedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
szawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to annulled, lose force, become invalid
manufacture, make; build; create; draw up (a plan, a design) 2 to sq f. Arabic stalk; stem
write (a book); compose (a song) 3 to sew 4 to repair, fix; adjust, sq m. Arabic wine waiter
arrange 5 to prepare, (make) ready to prepare sqinm f. bacchanalian song
for a trip 6 ironic to spoil, ruin, wreck; upset, frustrate, foil 1 sk m. singular & plural history Saki tribe
We frustrated them in this matter to 2 sk m. plural
reconcile with someone sk pk very pure It was very clear.
1
sz 1 f. 2 m. regional musician skt Arabic 1 (keeping) silent; taciturn 2 quiet, calm,
2
sz f. manufacturing, production aircraft tranquil
manufacturing sk m. electrical engineering socket, outlet, receptacle
szedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be skh 1 m. animal 2 breathing 3 animated
built; be manufactured, be produced a new road is skahw laj m. grammar quality of being animate
being built 2 to be repaired, be mended, be put right 3 to get skk Arabic 1.1 immobile; immovable, motionless 1.2
running smoothly, come right, turn out all right 4 to be written, be calm, tranquil; quiet compound verb to fall silent, settle
in writtenform 5 to prepare for, get ready for (e.g., a trip) 6 to down, compose oneself 1.3 physics static 2 m. .1 resident,
414
dweller, inhabitant 2.2 linguistics provided with the diacritical military equipment 3 things, stuff,
mark sukun belongings, goods 4 harness 5
skinw laj m. peace, calm; quiet smn f. pomp, splendor, pomposity
skj m. start of blooming of the roses smb l
sg m. plural greens, vegetables smblawl denominative, transitive
sgl f. copper boiler, cauldron smblaj one not wearing trousers
sgj m. 1 dish of rice and vegetables, vegetable ragout 2 smr dzh m. regional imperialism
dish, plate smrdzh regional imperialistic (of policy, etc.)
sgudn f. sago sm' m. Arabic 1 listener, auditor 2 plural
sgej m. audience, listeners
1 sl m. plural sand; gravel smi' f. Arabic hearing, sense of hearing
2 sl m. year compound verb to listen
sl r m. head, leader smi'anawz f. to delight someone with gossip
slrz m. plural 1 Salarzai (a tribe in Badzhaur) 2 m. a
Salarzay smo f. Samoa
slb Arabic negative 1 sm Arabic 1 Semite 2 Semitic (e.g., language)
slkhurd elderly; old, aged old man 2 sm Arabic tall, high, elevate, exalt
sldn f. medicine leishmaniasis, oriental sore 3 smj f. Eastern the client's side (which is paying taxes to a
slk Arabic 1 going 2 m. .1 traveller 2.2 mystic on the district chief)
path to knowing God 1
sn m. 2
slgir f. anniversary, year, date of an event 2
sn m. 1 parade, inspection (of troops)
slgsht m. agriculture fallow land compound verb to organize a parade, make an inspection (of
slm Arabic 1.1 healthy, unharmed, safe 1.2 good 1.3 troops) compound verb a to take part in a parade b to
happy, satisfactory; successful 1.4 safe 1.5 correct conduct an inspection (of troops) 2 (numerical) strength (of an
right 2 proper noun Salim sound mind army); bringing up to and maintaining strength (of an army)
slim-ul-a'z Arabic healthy 3 sn m. whetstone, grindstone, hone
healthy people sn-pulu m. Sao Paulo
slimn satisfactory, happy, successful snto-doming f. Santo Domingo
sln m. ragout snt f. abbreviation of
1 slan f. 1 short wind 2 asthma 3 labored breathing sntjg Santiago
(with pneumonia) snimtr m. centimeter
2
slnaj 1.1 suffering from shortness of breath 1.2 being sn-dzhoz m.
out of breath, puffing and panting 2 m. asthmatic snch f. 1 mold 2 template, pattern 3 matrix
1
slng m. snih f. Arabic [m. plural sawnh] incident,
2
slng m. Salang (pass) the road over the happening, adventure; event
Salang (pass) snd 1 mourning 2 m. weeper, mourner
sl m. silk kerchief, silk shawl; veil to throw a s nda f. groan(ing), moan, weeping, crying, mourning
kerchief or veil over one's head compound verb to mourn
sluw la f. 1 girl in a shawl or veil 2 folklore sweetheart, sn m. brother-in-law (husband of wife's sister)
beloved, darling 1 sn f. skink (lizard)
sln m. salon, room dining room 2 sn m. breeding bull, stud water buffalo
reading room bar 3 sn f. female water buffalo in heat
slwedr m. El Salvador sn seeking refuge, seeking asylum compound
sl used with numerals four-year one-year- verb to seek refuge, seek asylum
old sns m. sauce, gravy
slj m. snslwedr m. San Salvador
slijn 1 yearly, annual 2 f. annual pay, yearly salary snskrt m. Sanskrit
sm n m. 1 household things, utensils; property; baggage 2 snsr m. censorship to institute
equipment; gear; materiel electrical equipment censorship over something
415
sn-frnssko m. San Francisco science; the exact sciences; natural science,

s jans m.
s nga f. 1 bough, branch 2 off-shoot, branch 3 lance, pike, natural history mathematics and physics
spear 4 caravan (on horses); party of travelers (mounted) department elementary knowledge of natural science
sngj f. wooden pitchfork a physics b natural science, natural history
sn-mrin f. San Marino sjansph m. syansd n m. 1 scientist 2
sn-hu n m. San Juan naturalist
sn-hoz m. San Jose sjans scientific; relating to the exact sciences
1 sn m. 1 history inspector for maintaining army strength scientific problems
(under Ahmed-Shah) 2 2 2 sj f. 1 shade, canopy; cover to be
2 sn calico, cotton, (made) of cotton (of fabrics) afraid of one's shadow 2 figurative protection, patronage
s m. 1 stallion 2 bull, breeding bull, stud bull under the protection of someone a to
sw m. history tax, duty, assessment be pampered, be spoiled b to be dependent, not be independent 3
sw m. regional savan (the fourth month of the Indian canopy 4 awning 5 gnome
calendar: July-August) sjad r shady
sw 1 noble 2 m. master, owner sjaw n m. 1 canopy 2 awning 3 umbrella, parasol,
swutb m. nobility, nobleness sunshade
swis f. confidence, assurance, certitude sab m. Arabic defamation; insult, outrage
s f. compound verb to defame, shame, dishonor
shpohna f. psychology ssb 1 m. .1 tomorrow tomorrow the next
shr Arabic not sleeping, being awake day, on the morrow, the next morning 1.2 morning
shkh m. the morning star, Venus a the next day b the next morning
1 shlan f. 1 to stay over-night 2 tomorrow the day
2 shlnaj m. 2 after tomorrow I am going tomorrow morning.
sh 1 animated, lively 2 civilized 3 free 4 ardent, fervent,
sabbb f. Arabic index finger
passionate, fiery (of feelings)
1 sbt m. room; veranda
shuk r m. Eastern usurer, money-lender 2 sbt m.
shwis f. sbtawl denominative, transitive
sj m. hollow, depression, ravine sabr m. dawn, daybreak
sjbrj f. Siberia sebstpl m. Sevastopol
sjprs m. Cyprus (the island and the country) sabgn m. sabwn m. dawn, daybreak
sr Arabic 1 other 2 m. plural military privates dawn by morning
sjr f. goldfinch sab la
sjzmik seismic sabnrj m. breakfast to have breakfast
ss m. Arabic groom, stableman sabj 1 attributive morning a early morning b
sq Arabic 1.1 drive on, urge forward 1.2 leading 1.3
early in the morning 2 in the morning
prompting, urging, inducing, impelling 2 m. driver, drover
sabb m. Arabic [plural: sababna and Arabic
sjklodzs m. psychologist asb b] 1 cause, reason for this reason;
sjklodz f. psychology in reality, in fact, there was another reason
sjkl m. bicycle compound verb to ride a
... ...
bicycle
for this very reason for two reasons
sjkln m. cyclone owing to the lack of money ... because 2
sjgn m. Saigon means with the aid of the wind
sjag type of currant (dried in the shade) sabt m. mother-of-pearl
1 sl m. Arabic 1 beggar, mendicant, cadger 2
sabtrpik subtropical the subtropics
suppliant, supplicant; petitioner
subh n m. Arabic 1 thank God, God be praised, glory to
2
sl Arabic 1 liquid, fluid 2 m. [plural: ]
God 2 proper noun Subkhan
liquid, fluid
sil f. Arabic suppliant, supplicant; petitioner subhnallh Arabic interjection oh Lord, oh God
sjnst m. scientist; naturalist subhnah Arabic religion praises to the Most High!
416
ssbd m. 1 basket 2 technology cradle, bucket sapch f. 1 awning 2 bench 3 platform, dais 4 low
1 sbr m. 1 cypress cypress 2 arborvitae mound of earth along the sides of a peasant house
2 sbr m. 1 sp kha f. type of needlework
sbra f. cypress a slender and sprt k m. almondleaf willow branch, whip, lash
shapely cypress sprht m. siprsh, suprsh m.
sabz 1 green; fresh; young 2 swarthy, dark-complexioned sprhtnaf 1 order 2 commission, errand, assignment, mission
sabzbrg m. history tax on agricultural crops to carry out an assignment letter
sabzw r, sabzaw r m. of recommendation 3 application, intercession
sabzwraj 1 Sabzawar 2 m. native or resident of Sabzawar compound verb a to recommend someone b to intercede for
sabz 1 f. .1 greens, grass 1.2 fluf, fuzz (on the chin of a someone
youth) 2 swarthy, dark-complexioned sprl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to give an assignment,
sabzakhurk m. skylark assign a mission to, entrust 1.2 to pay in, deposit (e.g., money in a
sabzaz r m. meadow, grass plot, glade, clearing
bank) 1.3 to hand over; transfer, convey 1.4 to bury, inter
sabz m. plural greens, vegetables garden ! Farewell! 2 m.
sabzik r m. gardner, vegetable grower 1 sprl f. 1 horseback riding harness
sabzikr f. 1 vegetable gardening, vegetable growing 2 compound verb to go in for horseback riding 2 retinue;
vegetable garden cavalcade
sabsshan m. substation 2 sprlaj, sprlaj past participle of
sabq m. Arabic [plural: sabaqna and Arabic sprndzj m. storehouse, depot, warehouse, place for
asb q] lesson; studies class compound storage
verb to take lessons to study with a teacher sprna f. 1 order 2 commission, errand, assignment 3
compound verb to learn a lesson by heart handing over; transferring, conveying
to study with someone to teach someone 1
sp ra f. plowshare
Have you learned the lesson? 2
sipr f. religion each of the thirty chapters of the Koran
In what class is he studying? spr 1 m. plural and oblique singular of 1
compound verb to learn a lesson by heart to send to Mount up! (command) 2 m. .1 crew 2.2 passengers
school 4 spr imperfective of
sabaqmz instructive 5 spr imperfective imperative of
sabaqt m. Arabic priority to recognize supr m. singular & plural betel nut
someone's priority in science spritr m. plow beam
sabaq 1 relating to lesson 2 m. student, pupil sip s m. religion praising, glorifying to
schoolmate glorify someone
1
sabk m. Arabic 1 school; trend (e.g., literary school) 2 sipssn m f. letter of thanks; written greeting to
good style, language someone marking an event or occasion to read (out)
2 subk 1 such a written greeting
sabanrj m. spnch f.
saba f. satisfaction to be satisfied spnd alliterating word with
sab oblique plural of sp nda f. Syrian rue, wild rue
sabs m. singular & plural 1 bran 2 rice husks sp imperative of
sabun ka f. rice kasha with green vegetables sip h m. history army, forces
sabaj m. leavened dough siphsl r m.
sabir alliterating word with 5 He sph, siph m. fighting man, warrior; soldier
is my (own) brother. history Guards Eastern police
sabl m. Arabic 1 path, road 2 means, way 3 treating, proverb Eastern all are dissatisfied with their fate
entertaining (literally: every soldier is tired of his horse)
sap 2. 1 interjection smack 2 finished, completed sphitb, siphitb m. military art, military affairs
compound verb to finish, complete compound verb to siphikhn f. regional barracks
be coming to an end, be nearing completion sphigar, siphigar f.
sap sphig13aj m. tin soldier, toy soldier
417
spj, sipj m. sparedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to seat

sipt m. colloquial oneself, get on or into (e.g., on a horse, into a car, etc.); ride (on
sipt mbr m. m. September something)
spkhza f. sparednkaj 1 present participle of 2 m.
spkhawl transitive [past: ] 1 to untie (e.g., a passenger; rider, horseman
knot) 2 to rip open, rip up spared m. plural boarding, putting aboard; riding, driving
spkhedl intransitive [past: ]1 to come untied, sp open, opened out, unfolded
come undone (e.g., of a knot) 2 to be ripped up, be ripped open 3 spl transitive [past: ] 1 to turn around, swing
to open (of the eyes of a puppy at birth) around 2 to open (the eyes, e.g., of a new-born puppy) 3 to strip,
spr, sipr m. 1 shield 2 forecarriage (of an artillery piece)
1
disassemble, dismantle, take to pieces 4 to rip up, rip open 5
2 sapr m. figurative to elucidate, ascertain to get an
spirt m. plural alcohol gasoline understanding of the cause
spartj f. horseback riding spd present stem of
sparkhawl transitive spaj f. wooden bolt (which fastens the plowshare to the
1 sprkhj m. 1 awl; needle for sewing burlap 2 knitting 3 plow beam)
linchpin spgm f. nostril
2 sparkhj dry, hard, tough spg n Eastern lousy
sprgha f. 1 well (e.g., the shaft of a kahriz) 2 pit, hole; spga f. Eastern louse proverb He is
foxhole 3 type of pattern 4 small island, islet awfully stingy.
sprghj f. spark Sparks are flying off the spg j f. aphid, plant louse
bonfire. sphta f. 1 ankle; pastern 2 figurative basis, foundation 3
spark m. botony larkspur, delphinium, Delphinium Zalil figurative the real but hidden cause compound verb to
(yields a yellow dye) give away secret, betray a trust
siparkh m. brave man, courageous soul, brave spirit spghza f. anatomy pubis
1 sparlanj m. rider, horseman sapq m.
2 sparlanj Eastern Spring 1 spk, spuk 1 light, lightweight light tank
sparl f. 1 f. riding (horseback); driving light machine gun 2 weak, slight 3 light, easy
hippodrome bicycle riding an easy matter 4 insignificant, contemptible, shabby, wretched
compound verb to go in for horseback riding to rush worthless person
along on horseback He is a very good to treat someone with disdain, view
horseman. passenger plane someone with contempt, hold someone in contempt, despise
sparlj m. Eastern Spring someone
sprmgh m. fat (e.g., in soup) 2 spk m. measure of length equal to the width of four fingers
sprmeghj m. 1 spark 2 spk waj m. 1 disrespect 2 insult to
saparmajn m. plural regional military sappers, combat insult someone, demean or belittle someone 3 meanness 4
engineers insignificance, contemptuousness
spar oblique plural of 1 spktb m. spkty f.
sparawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to spk-sp nd worthless, contemptible
help someone mount a horse; seat someone in a car 2 to wind (on spkw laj m. 1 light-weight, flimsy, trivial 2
a spool or bobbin) to let water onto a field, irrigate a insignificance, contemptibility 3 humiliation; insult
field to insult; humiliate, belittle
sparawna f. helping (someone) to mount a horse; seating spkawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
(someone, in a car, etc.) facilitate, make easy 2 to insult; humiliate, belittle,demean
1 sapra f. 2 He insulted me. compound verb to abase
2 supr f oneself, grovel idiom They were hurrying.
3 spar feminine singular of 1 spkawna f. 1 making lighter, easing, facilitating 2
sparawr broad, wide, broadened, widened insult(ing); humiliating, demeaning, belittling
spir m. plural alcohol, spirits spka 1 feminine singular of 1
offensive word compound verb to insult 2 f. .1
418
lightness, light weight 2.2 ; spakj m. spark

to insult someone 3 nonsense, rubbish spl transitive [past: ] to take apart carefully,
spkedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to parse, analyze
become light, lose weight 2 to be insulted, be humiliated 3 to spawl transitive [past: ] to open (buds)
suffer humiliation, be humiliated spaj m.
spkedna f. 1 reducing (of weight) 2 offense, insult; spedl intransitive [past: ] to open, come out (of
humiliation buds), bloom
spgn Eastern sputnk m. satellite (e.g., earth satellite)
splaghzj m. botony caltrop, puncturevine, Tribulus spok spokay sapay 1 mean, base, foul,
terrestris vile 2 shallow, superficial; light-minded, frivolous
spilg m. fat (goat, beef) spkhdza f. spkhtsa f. spkhza f.
splga f. mica spkhsa f. anatomy pubis
splm m. 1 2 gossip, gossiper, tale-teller 1
, m. plural , f. plural ]sitting,
spor 1.1 [f.
splma f. turtledove riding (on a horse, in a car, etc.) Mount up! (as a
1 splmj m. horse with a star on its forehead command) 1.2 wound; planted, put on 1.3 raised, lifted (of water
2 splmj f. botony calotrope, Calotropis procera in a canal or irrigation ditch) 2 m. rider, man on horseback
splnj m. usually plural spln the seeds of the tripod, trivet
Syrian rue or the wild rue; seeds of the ispand 2 spor 1 stale, old, not fresh (of bread, food) stale
compound verb a to burn Syrian rue b figurative to sacrifice bread 2 lenten, without meat or milk, lean 3 coarse, improper,
to die for someone ! I am ready to indecent (of a word) to say insulting things
die for you! grasshopper hookah with hashish
spam m. 1 eye (of a needle) 2 hole (for an earring) 3 spor m. biology spore
that's a great rarity spor m. sport m. sport, sports gym
clothes sports equipment compound
spam f. 1 thrift, economy compound verb to save,
verb to go in for sports trainer
conserve, use sparingly, economize 2 economics
spamk thrifty, economical spormajan m. sports lover; sports fan
spamawl transitive [past: ] 1 to save, conserve,
spor sporting, sports, athletic
use sparingly, economize 2 to spare something sporkhr living on cold food
to spare no effort to sporkhlaj using foul language
make any sacrifice
sporstrgaj shameless, insolent, impudent, brazen,
unconscionable
spamj
spamedl intransitive [past: ] to be saved, be used
sporw laj m. 1 staleness, lack of freshness 2 coarseness,
rudeness 3 bad taste, lack of taste, tastelessness
sparingly, be kept in reserve
spnkhaj m. 1
sporawl denominative, transitive
spandkh m. 1 large ball of yarn 2 ball 3 dummy calf,

2
sporawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
make stale 2 to make lean
stuffed calf (which is put next to a cow so that she will give more
milk)
spra 1 feminine singular of 2 2.1 stale bread; dry crust
2.2 unpleasant word, offensive word
spndkha f. playing ball compound verb to
play ball
spri 1 feminine plural of 2
2 f. plural insulting words,
spnga f. offensive words compound verb to insult; give

offense, offend
spngj f.
sp m. syllable compound verb to read syllable by
1
sporedl denominative, intransitive
syllable
2
sporedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
go stale, become stale 2 to be lenten, be lacking fat
spasj m. 1 yarn (cotton) cotton fabrics 2
thread proverb It breaks where it is thin,
spogm
j f. 1 the moon, moonlight lunar year
a chain is only as strong as its weakest link 3 medicine
artificial earth satellite lunar
eclipse full moon The moon is
dracuncullasis
shining. The moon is full. 2
spasn cotton reversible rug
proper noun Spozhmay
419
spghza f. spedlaj 1 nave; artless, open-hearted 2 narrowminded,

spu m. unintelligent, limited
spaj m. medicine ringworm saped f. 1 whiting, white pigment 2 2
siph m. 1 saped f. whiteness
sipahr m. 1 evening 2 military third watch 2 sped, saped f. plural dawn It is
sipahr f. 1 sky, heavens; celestial sphere 2 figurative fate not yet daybreak.
sipahsl r m. 1 commander-in-chief 2 marshal spedech wd m. m. plural dawn, daybreak
1 spaj m. [plural: spi and spiy n] 1 dog; male dog sperkhwlaj 1 using foul language, swearing, cursing 2
2 abusive dog, son of a bitch to rebuke someone, m. one who uses bad language, a foul-mouthed man
lecture someone, give somone a good dressing down sperkhj m. 1
compound verb a to be cowardly, be base b to be stingy sperkunka f. sperkna f. crested lark
a to be shameless b to be scanty, be skimpy 1 sperkj m. 1 coward 2 scoundrel, villain, rascal
proverb He is an inveterate swindler. 2 sperkj grayish; ash-colored, ashen
(literally: he sells a black dog for the price of a billy-goat) 3 sperkj f. omum plant (a medicinal plant)
proverb two shoes make a pair (literally: a gray spergl transitive [past: ] to scold, rail at, abuse
dog is brother to a jackal) to live verbally
worse than a dog saying on account of sprga f. crude word, offensive word
a low, dishonest son the father is called name otter sperl 1 dusty, covered with dust 2 m. slacker, idler, loafer,
2 spj f. female dog, bitch goof-off
spj zawl transitive [past: ] to have a sperlakj m. two-year-old colt
miscarriage, miscarry, give birth prematurely sperlm m. fox, vixen
spj za 1 f. female, dam (after a miscarriage) spermkhaj unfortunate, ill-fated; ominous, ill-omened, ill-
compound verb to have a miscarriage, miscarry, give birth boding
prematurely 2.1 unripe, green, immature 2.2 premature, spermrghj m. beads of fat (e.g., in soup)
prematurely born (of a baby) 2.3 wild, foolish sperawnaj m. meal, flour (for rolling dough)
spij ka f. 1 mung bean bread 2 fork sper singular & plural [f. , f. plural ]1 light gray
spip m. white double-flowering rose bare desert infertile land
spit na f. spitb m. meanness, baseness, morning twiilight 2 dusty, covered with dust 3 dirty,
loutishness; squalor, filth to behave badly soiled; turbid; stained, spotted 4 deathly pale, sallow (of the color
spta f. 1 wedge 2 spoke 3 grain tester, grain-grading of a face) 5 unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky, ill-fated, ill-stared,
balance hapless 6 ruined, devastated 7 unfit, useless
spitj m. scoundrel, villain, rascal compound verb to destroy, smash compound verb a to
spi never, in no case make dusty, cover with dust b to soil, (make) dirty c to break,
spedzl transitive destroy d to rob, clean out, loot (a house); destroy utterly
spets compound verb a to be dusty, be covered in dust b to get
spetsl transitive [past: ] 1 to clean 2 to whiten, soiled, get dirty; become turbid c to be beaten, be destroyed d to
bleach 3 to illuminate, light up be robbed, be utterly destroyed 8 without meat or milk, not rich
spetsltb m. spetslty f. (of food)
spetslw lay m. 1 cleanness 2 neatness 3 tidying up, cleaning, spertb m. 1 gray, the color gray 2 figurative death,
putting in order destruction
spetslaj 1 clean perfectly clean 2 genuine, spersh n grayish
real 3 uncontaminated, pure compound verb to clean spermkh 1 low, base, vile, loathsome 2 dialect
(rice); to refine (crude oil, etc.) submissive, obedient; ashamed
sapd white sperw laj m.
saped r, sped r m. 1 aspen 2 white poplar spezl transitive
sapedpstaj white-skinned spegm f. nostril
spedch, sapedch f. type of wheat spistraj m. tiresome person, annoying person
spedltj f. spedlna f. 1 naivete, artlessness 2 spsta f. leavened dough
narrow-mindedness
420
sphta f. anatomy 1 peritoneum 2 pericardium 1 spinstrg f. insolence, impertinence, shamelessness

compound verb to give away another's secret, tell every little compound verb to behave insolently, act
thing about provocatively
speghl m. botony psyllium, plantago, ispaghula, Plantago 2 spinstrgaj 1 insolent, impertinent, shameless
ispaghula (a medicinal plant) compound verb to become more and more insolent 2
spegm f. Eastern ungrateful, thankless
spelanj m. usually plural spelan Eastern spinsartb m. old age, advanced age (of women)
; to cure with wild rue, to spinsre 1 old, gray (of a woman) 2 f. old woman
smoke with harmel spinsh n whitish
spematb m. 1 the period of estrus, the time of heat (in a
spinghr m. Spingar, Safedkokh (mountain range)
bitch) 2 estrus, heat (in animals)
spinkb m. white fish
spem f. bitch in heat spinkpaj 1 white as foam 2 bare (of a desert)
spematb spinkt m. chalk
spin 1.1 white a white paper b a blank spinkakj absolutely white, totally white
Her face is white as snow. white as 1 spinkj m. spinky abomasum, true stomack
(sausage for broiling)
white can be 1.2 gray 1.3 clean, bright in broad
daylight 1.4 sincere 1.5 moral, chaste; decent, respectable,
2 spinkj f. spinky piece of suet
honest 1.6 innocent, pure, instained, unsullied 2 m. .1 gray hair
3 spinkj f. whiting, white pigment
to appear (of gray hair), turn gray 2.2 albumin, protein spingul m. proper noun Spingul
egg white the white of the eye 2.3 speng
silver silver bracelets 2.4 the exposed part of the
spin gadz m. daybreak; early morning, dawn
body (e.g., the face, the hands) 2.5 snow 2.6 proper noun Spin
fully dawned
spinb z m. light-colored hawk or buzzard 1 spinlamn f. chastity, morals
spinbhr m. 1 Mediterranean Sea 2 White Sea 2 spinlamne chaste (of a woman)
spinbrh sparkling whiteness spinlmaj m. ermine (in winter), stoat (in summer)
spinboldk m. Spinboldak (a border post) 1 spinmkh f. 1 honesty, sincerity 2 innocence
spinpagj m. cleric, mullah (in a white turban) 2 spinmkhaj 1 white-faced 2 honest, sincere 3 innocent
spinpstaj with white skin, white-skinned, white (of a spinninlaj m. 1 rice kasha, rice porridge 2 rice
person) drained in a colander
spintb m. f. whiteness spinw laj m. whiteness
spinkhwlaj beardless spinwwrgaj white-maned (of a horse)
spindrbaj respected, honorable spinwazraj white-roofed
spinrngaj white in color, white spinwgaj m. Aristida (a type of grass)
spindrbaj spinwshma whitish
spinrs m. Belarus spinawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
spinzr m. plural silver whiten, whitewash 2 to tin-plate, tin-coat; nickel-plate 3 to grind,
spinzarlaj silver-plated polish, buff 4 to clean; skin (an animal), peel (e.g., an apple); flay,
spinz spinzay 1 open-hearted, candid, skin, dress 5 to bare (the teeth) 6 to resolve an argument, settlle
sincere 2 trusting, credulous (a question, an issue) 7 to demonstrate one's correctness 8 to
spingirtb
m. 1 old age 2 gray hair (in men) ascertain (the truth)
spingraj
m. [plural: spingri
and spinwlaj m. white poplar, silver poplar
spingiriy
n] 1 an old man compound verb a to 1 spna 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 silver coin
age, grow old b to turn gray, become gray 2 elder, village He has a lot of money. 2.2 fat on meat 2.3
headman, white beard compound eggwhite 2.4 resolution (of a problem, issue); settling (of a
verb to elect a village headman matter, a deal) They settled this business with
spinsab spinsbillla him. kiss a clear speech b candid
compound verb to empty a house expression compound verb to speak directly, speak
spin-spetslaj clean, neat straight out; speak the truth
421
2 spna vocative of 6 st n -stan (suffix denoting a country or place)

spna kh wra f. chalk Afghanistan
spna l ra m. astronomy Milky Way stnad r m. coming from a well-known family (especially
spni 1 feminine plural of 2 f. plural .1 Achilles clerical)
tendon His legs refused to heed him. stn 1 f. .1 well-known family (especially clerical) 1.2
compound verb to throw someone into confusion, fluster threshold (of a door) 2 from a prominent clerical family,
someone; weaken someone, deprive someone of strength honorable
compound verb to be scared, have the jitters, be frightened stn m. plural of 2
2.2 the fat on meat
stwndi f. plural nonsense, heresy, rubbish
spni pjts f. plural to give a girl
sitjsh m. praise; glorification
in marriage without the wedding rites
stjl 1 transitive verb [past: ] .1 to praise, laud;
spinedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
glorify 1.2 to mention, call, name 1.3 to call, name
turn white, become white 2 to be whitened 3 to be tin-plated; be
to glorify someone to defame someone 2
nickel-plated 4 to turn gray I have turned gray.
m. plural praise This is a very
5 to be peeled, be shelled 6 to be resolved (of an argument); be
praiseworthy undertaking.
settled (of a question or deal) 7 to justify oneself, be confirmed
stjna f. 1 praise, praising to praise someone
spjo oblique plural of 1 2 song; ballad
1 sat m. 1 invitation (to a meal) to invite stjw l m. panegyrist, eulogist
someone for a cup of tea; I stkh, stukh 1 2 to say unpleasant things
(have) invited him for dinner tomorrow. 2 honor stkh backwards, flat on one's back He fell
2
sat even, smooth backwards.
st pronoun 1 oblique of
3
of you with stadjm m. stadium
you 2 possessive pronoun your(s) 1 satr m. Arabic 1 closing; concealment 2 military cover,
stdzh m. concealment; covered position camouflage 3
1
sit r m. sitar figurative harem; women's side of the house, female quarters;
2
satt r m. Arabic 1 patron 2 proper noun Sattar women compound verb to close, conceal, cover; defend;
3
str m. film star, movie star hold in a harem 4 modesty
4
sit r m. Arabic 1 coverlet; counterpane 2 cover, canopy 3 2
star m. anatomy temple
curtain 4 screen 3
str 1 large; large-scale a
a major port
1
sitr f. 1 star compound verb to fall (of a star) large building compound verb to enlarge, extend
2 movie star, film star 3 type of fireworks) 4 fate; lot; (good) compound verb to be enlarged 2 great a great writer
luck, good fortune 3 deep (e.g., of a well) 4 important, significant (of a business
2
str f. fear of someone compound deal, issue)
verb to be afraid of someone or something; waver, hesitate, strtost t m. stratosphere balloon
vaciliate strteki strategic strategic weapon
sitrashin s m. astronomer str ntijm m. plural strontium
sitrashins f. astronomy radioactive strontium
sitr m. sitar player satr w m. 1 fallen fruit 2 fallen leaves 3 juice (fruit)
st a f. peace; reconciliation satrph indulging, pandering
st f. length of service compound verb to work on a satrpoh f. indulgence, pandering
probationary or trial basis, be in on-the-job training strtb m. strty f. 1 size, magnitude, extent 2
str m. probationary worker, on-the-job trainee grandeur, power, might 3 importance, significance (of a deal, of
st su, st so st si Eastern pronoun 1 oblique case of an issue or question)
;by you with you 2 possessive strghlaj m. 1 eye-socket, orbit 2 Eastern eyelid
pronoun your(s) your village in your strkok m. white rose
city strgbedzhn attractive, nice, sweet
stkhlm m. Stockholm
stmbl m. Istanbul the Bosporus
422
strgtraj starving compound verb to be rely on someone, have confidence in someone

hungry, be starving He was very compound verb to go blind, be deprived of sight
hungry. It vexes me to look at him.
1
strgkhug, strgkhwug f. medicine compound verb to scowl, look at angrily
ophthalmia compound verb a to close one's eyes b figurative to indulge, fail
2
strgkhgaj,
strgkhwgaj
m. with big to pay attention, ignore c figurative to play the hypocrite, act
eyes; suffering from ophthalmia against one's conscience d figurative to repudiate (e.g., a debt)
strgrp m. twinkling of an eye, instant compound verb a to be closed, be shut (of the eyes) b
strgk m. f. plural Eastern 1 winking Western to be
to close one's eyes, die, pass away
compound verb to wink to wink at angry at someone compound verb to be
someone 2 twinkling, scintillation (e.g., of a star) ashamed, be bashful, be shy ;
strglna f. flirting, exchanging glances compound verb a to itch (of the eyes) b to be
strgn kok m. narcissus ashamed compound verb a
strganlaj m. to blindfold someone b Western figurative to cheat, dupe (when
strgawr selling something) compound verb to apply black
strgawrtb m. 1 vision, sight 2 keenness of makeup to the eyes b figurative to deceive someone
observation compound verb a to work with reluctance b to fear, be afraid c
strgwg aj envious; greedy to go dark before one's eyes (when mountain climbing, etc.)
strga f. 1 eye a pupil b the apple of one's eye; compound verb a to lower the eyes b figurative to be
light of the eyes (endearing address to a son) ashamed, be abashed, be disconcerted to
eyesocket languid eyes wait, await I awaited his
eyes full of tears as much as arrival. Western to be angry at someone
the eye can see in an instant Eastern a
proverb a burden of your own choice is not felt (literally: to follow someone with your eyes b to work under supervision
the eyelids are no burden to the eyes) 2 star; planet to be shameless; become insolent
the solar disk morning star I waited and waited until I was tired of waiting, and I
Eastern the sun has risen 3 anatomy knee ruined my eyes. to disgrace or defame someone
cap compound verb to glance, look compound verb to be blinded compound
compound verb to be subjected to the evil eye verb to go blind, lose one's sight compound verb a
compound verb a to await, wait for b to hope Eastern to take a nap, sleep a little b ... to
compound verb to have one's eye on something, covet be charmed by someone; fall in love with someone, admire
compound verb a to close the eyes b to have a little nap, take a someone c to recognize someone
nap I didn't sleep a wink c figurative to He seemed familiar to me. a to be
close one's eyes to something, show indulgence towards seeing, have sight, be able to see b to have a head (i.e., to have
compound verb to acquire an eye for to regain brains, to be smart); understand c to hope for, expect
one's sight, see again Western to hate each other, to be ashamed of someone compound
be unable to stand one another compound verb verb a to start something bad b to harbor hostile intentions
Western to sleep a little, take a nap compound verb to to feel enmity towards someone
wink, blink a to be compound verb a to roll (of the eyes) b to be near death
afraid of someone b to pay attention to someone compound verb Western to lower the eyes, cast down one's
compound verb to be frightened, shy (of an animal) eyes (from shame) to be angry at someone
to be afraid of, be scared of someone to be amazed, be surprised a
compound verb compound to stare (with bulging eyes) b to be angry, pretend being angry
verb to wink compound verb glance at, give a look at a to become clear (of a view) b to rejoice at
a to look, to glance at someone b to wink at seeing someone or something a to not see
someone to screw up one's eyes, narrow one's enough of, not ge enough of looking at someone b to take a
eyes, squint to grow in someone's eyes; justify dislike to someone compound verb a to open (of
someone's trust or confidence to look someone the eyes) b to come into the world, be born
right in the face a to catch sight of, notice b to I have never seen anything like it in
423
all my born days. a to be shameless (of a look, I will never forget your kindness.
glance) b to be waiting impatiently, be worn out with waiting a to be shameless, be insolent b to irritate
to become bloodshot (of the eyes) someone; pester someone He drove me
a to covet something b to envy someone c to harbor enmity into a rage. a to imagine, see in one's mind's
to someone d to burn with desire a to be angry, eye b to be shifty, be restless (of the eyes); loom
be irritated b to envy ... ... a to to look steadily at someone, stare at someone
pity, feel sorry for or about someone or something b to envy to bewitch, put the evil eye on to see for
someone Zirak envies Ahmed, one's self, see with one's own eyes
Zirak is envious of Ahmed. c to be afraid of someone a to act insolently b to pay
compound verb to abandon shame and conscience with black ingratitude c to renounce, abandon, decline something
to forget oneself, overstep the a
limits of decency compound verb a b to meet (someone's) eye as if to see in
to lower the eyes, cast down or drop one's eyes b to dread, fear one's mind's eye a to disgrace oneself, bring shame
to lower the eyes, cast down or drop one's eyes upon oneself; fall in someone's eyes b to become loathsome,
compound verb to be angry, become furious, fly into a become repulsive the evil eye
rage compound verb to speak openly I treat both the same. one
to abandon or cast off shame; become more and more insolent doesn't know whether to laugh or cry to be all
to be perspicacious, be wise eyes, be on the alert, be on one's guard, keep one's eyes open
to look at someone to notice tete-a-tete I am waiting
someone, take note of someone to be on impatently. Eastern I
good terms with, live in harmony; be friends wore my eye out waiting. I waited for
a to show honor and respect to someone you impatiently. I could hardly keep
He did me the honor of coming to my son's my eyes open. Eastern His eyes have
wedding. b to come to someone's aid, help to become sunken. a I am in no way worse
become sunken (of the eyes, owing to starvation, etc.) than him. b I am in no way obligated to him.
; a to They can't stand each other. I am
satisfy hunger; eat to the point of satiety b not to be greedy or waiting for Ahmed. He (they) put the evil eye on
stingy ; me. Eastern blind as a bat !
to set (one's) hopes on something ... a Western ! ! Gladly!
to scrutinize, take a good look at; wait for, expect a to suffer from the evil eye b to suffer from
to covet something to show the whites of people's ill-will Eastern with great difficulty
one's eyes, die, pass away to watch the road, I see double.
wait for someone, be expecting someone Western a to charm, bewitch (by beauty, etc.) b to admire,
to hang one's head; look down, cast down one's feast one's eyes on (e.g., sweetheart, girl friend)
eyes a to be hungry b to be greedy, be stingy, be Eastern His eyes were bloodshot. before
grasping to be closed, close (of the eyes); fall asleep, daybreak I am prepared to give my life for you!
drop off to sleep He fell asleep. to lose all sense of shame and conscience
Eastern to avert one's eyes Eastern He doesn't to become stern, become hard-hearted
take his eyes off me. Eastern Don't be afraid of strgaw l strgawr 1 seeing, with eyes to see
anyone. to treat somebody with hostility 2 big-eyed 3 observant (e.g., a writer)
to have no special liking for someone strgawartb m. vigilance, keenness of observation
to respect somebody, treat strgj f. 1 (eye)glasses 2 birth-mark, mole 3 pivot (of a
someone with respect to despise someone, door) 4 disease of the eyes (in horses)
not respect someone to treat well strgz
to undertake something bad in relation to someone starlng m.
not to be pleasing to satrman f. reclusion, seclusion
someone a to be negligent, be remiss b to be strn b m. ruler; historical satrap
happy-go-lucky, be care-free a to recall, strw laj m.
recollect, see in one's mind's eye b not to forget, (of a good deed) satrwnda (woman) living in seclusion, in a harem
424
1 satr f. Arabic 1 curtain 2 shawl, veil 3 shelter, cover 3 stam m. eye (of a needle)
natural cover compound verb to hide, cover; stam f. quickened breathing; shortness of breath, labored
conceal breathing
2 sutr clean, neat neatly dressed sitmbr m. September
3 stra feminine singular of 3 1
stamn 1 hospitable 2 decent, honest, respectable
1 satrj m. 1 small stack 2 bundle, sheaf of ears [of grain] 2
stamn fresh, green
2 satrj f. 1 2 scratch, abraison stamj m. 2 compound verb to breathe with
stredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be quickened breath
large 2 to grow, increase 3 to be important, be significant stamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to pant,
satr-watr compound verb a to fall b breathe heavily He is tired and is breathing
to be defeated, be smashed compound verb a to hard.
bring down, overturn, topple b to smash, annihilate stn f. [plural: stni] 1 needle compound
1
stawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tire verb to thread a needle 2 awl 3 pin 4 syringe
out, exhaust compound verb to give an injection to
staj 1 tired, fatigued, exhausted worn out vaccinate someone (against smallpox) 5 post, pole; column; prop,
compound verb a to tire; wear out, exhaust; (over)strain support a wooden pole mast 6 hand (of a
This work has made me very tired. watch or clock) 7 needle (of a conifer) 8 dragonfly 9 figurative
a to wear down the enemy forces b to bother basis; support betrothal
someone, pester someone, torment someone, exasperate someone stn w delaying, holding back, slowing
a to get tired; become exhausted b 1 stn wa f. respect, esteem
to toil by the sweat of one's brow compound verb to ge 2 stnw imperfect of
tired; become exhausted 2 ending, coming to an end stnb m. vaccinating, inoculating
The day is drawing to a close. stndzj m. 1 prison 2 stand, stop, halt
stj f. fatigue, exhaustion compound verb to rest standrd m. standard
Sit here for an hour or so and rest. standardizsjn m. standardization
stedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to get stnk m. pin
tired, become fatigued stnawl denominative, transitive [past:
staj-mse f. stay-mshe f. greeting ]1 to return, give back 2 to delay someone or something 3
to exchange greetings with someone to direct, turn, fix (one's gaze)
1 stgh 1 m. .1 sharp rise, steep slope 1.2 road through a 1 stan f. return to go back
mountain pass 1.3 complication, difficulty the to step back
burdens of life 2.1 astringent to make one's mouth 2 stna f. dialect
sore 2.2 unpleasant; harsh in a harsh tone 2.3 3 stan feminine singular of 2
miserly, stingy 2.4 low, mean, vile 2.5 steep steep road
1 stni plural of
2.6 harmful; unfavorable 2.7 hateful, odious
2 stan feminine plural of 2
2
stgh m. 1 larva (of the gadfly orwarble fly) 2 abcess or boil
stanedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
from the gadfly larva
return, go back 2 to be delayed; be kept, linger, stay too long
stgha f. 1 rudeness, harsh word 2 unpleasantness 3 tonsil Yesterday I was delayed in the city
stakhm m. Stockholm at my uncle's. 3 to be directed, be turned, be fixed (of one's gaze)
stg m. pin 1
staw m. 1 door 2 pore 3 chink, crack, slit; (small) hole
1 stl, stl m. pail, bucket 2
st m. 1 crumb; insignificant amount, bit 2 crushed
2 satl transitive [past: ] 1 to spread; spread out 2 to mulberry
(make) even, smooth out, (make) level
satw n m. plural fried ground seeds (e.g., ground peas,
1 sitm m. 1 oppression; tyranny; coercion 2 insult, offense crushed mulberry, nuts) proverb
compound verb a to oppress b to offend, insult He who chases two hares catches neither.
2 stam m. 1 quickened breathing 2 muscle spasms, stukh 1 2
contractions (during childbirth, while defecating)
stkhaj m. shortness of breath, labored breathing, panting
compound verb a to breath with quickened breath b to exert
studij f. studio radio studio
oneself
425
sutr m. draft animal (e.g., mule, horse) throat. to stick in the

storph m. astronomer throat
storpoh f. astronomy a to hinder, disturb someone; ruin a deal b to get stuck in the
storpe nd m. 1 astronomer 2 astrologer throat to swallow, gulp
storpeandtj f. 1 astronomy 2 astrology stunedl denominative, intransitive
straj m. star; planet astronautics stunedna f. return
the North Star comet stunz glottal, pharyngeal
Libra (the constellation) starfish stunist k ( flat) on one's back, supine
a to fall (of stars, meteors) b literal & figurative to He fell flat on his back. compound
roll c to suffer failure; change (of one's fortune) verb to lie down on one's back He sleeps on
He had a lucky star. his back.
stugh 2 1
stwa f. knife, dagger
stgha 1 f. 2 feminine singular of 1 st m. plural Western 1 existence, being 2 property
to say unpleasant things to listen to something 2 sta Western is, are; there is, there are Do
unpleasant you have a watch? Is anyone there in the
stof m. plate, slab house? ( there) is, there are
stok m. stock(s), supplies; availability (of goods, etc.) stamn wealthy, well off, propertied
stokl 1 insignificant, worthless 2 ill-disposed, wishing ill, staw laj m. existence, being
bad (of a person) 1 st, sat burned compound verb to burn alive
stga f. compound verb to be burned alive
satawl transitive [past: ] to seat, make or have 2 satj f. [plural: ]sati (a widow who burns herself
someone sit down together with the body of her husband)
stomntj f. fatigue, tiredness, weariness 3 stj f. botony fumatory
stomnawl denominative, transitive [past: ] stetoskp m. stethoscope
to tire (out), exhaust 1 stza f. 1 plateau 2 level place on the slope of a mountain
stom na 1 tired, tatigued worn out 2 stez f. 1 argument, wrangling, squabbling 2 fighting,
compound verb to tire (out) compound verb to get struggle; enmity 3 injustice compound verb a to argue,
tired, become fatigued 2 disillusionment, disappointment 3 wrangle, squabble b to fight, struggle; quarrel, have a feud with
regretting I regret what I did. steshn m.
stom na kawnkaj tiring, fatiguing; tedious, stil m. style
tiresome, boring 1 s m. 1 wooden base of an anvil 2 anvil 3 stump 4
stomn f. 1 tiredness, fatigue exhaustion regional log (of wood) 5 log 6 dialect sudden attack, surprise
compound verb to rest 2 regret, attack; to defeat someone
repentance 3 reluctance, unwillingness 2
s m.
stomnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 3
s killed, perished compound verb a to ruin,
to get tired, become fatigued 2 to repent, regret, rue destroy b to bring down, fell, chop (e.g., a tree) to
stmaj m. eye (of a needle) annihilate each other compound verb
1 sutn m. 1 pole, post 2 military column 3 column (e.g., in 4 s m. boiled mung beans
a newspaper, magazine) 4 column (of a table), paragraph sk static
fifth column sa r m. 1 tar 2
2 stun [f. , m. plural , f. plural ]1 returning, sf m. regional 1 staff, headquarters 2 staff, personnel
going back 2 being delayed, lagging, skh lm m. Stockholm
being late ; s la f. supposition, conjecture, surmise, guess
stndza f. stnza f. 1 anxiety, uneasiness, worry 2 to suppose, surmise
obstacle; difficulties srbar f. strawberries; hautbois strawberries
stunawl denominative, transitive srasfr m. stratosphere
stna f. return sarlng m. 1 sterling 2 pound sterling
stnaj m. larynx I have a lump ssam lazy, idle, loafing slacker, lazy-
in my throat. Ahmed got a lump in his bones, idler, loafer
426
ssud f. purchase without weighing such

1 suk m. 1 hammer; sledge-hammer 2 small hammer, sach p m. fringe
mallet, gavel such
2 sik m. regional riding crop, cane sts thick, dense
sukkr f. forging, blacksmithing, shoeing sah r m. Arabic 1 sahr m. dawn, morning twilight; early
skraj 1.1 burned, chared (of bread) 1.2 wrinkling, morning at dawn this morning
puckering 1.3 frozen, stiff with cold 1.4 withered early in the morning
compound verb a to sear, scorch, burn b to wrinkle 1
sahr
compound verb a to burn b to wrinkle 2 m. .1 burned bread 2
sihr, sehr m. Arabic witchcraft, sorcery, magic
2.2 half-burned log 2.3 root, basis compound verb
sgaj m. small hammer, mallet sihrmza sihrmz bewitching, magic(al),
sl transitive miraculous
smtnaj m. m. woodcutter saharkhza arising early, arising at dawn
sop m. stove, oven saharg h m.
saw killed, perished, annihilated compound sihrgr Arabic 1 m. sorcerer, magician, wizard, charmer 2
verb to ruin, destroy, annihilate compound verb to charming, bewitching (of a look or glance)
perish, be killed; be annihilated saharm l 1 m. dawn, daybreak 2 at sunrise, at dawn
sor m. regional storehouse; store department store sihr marvelous, magical, enchanting
sawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ruin,
1
1 skh m. happiness, luck, good fortune, success ! I
destroy 2 to kill, slaughter, annihilate, exterminate wish you good luck!
2 sul m. regional 1 stool 2 small table 2 sakh 2
sa f. 1 root 2 base, basis; foundation 3 support, post 4 3 sakh interjection bravo, wonderful, excellent
Eastern log to investigate thoroughly, get to the 1 sakh f. Arabic generosity, magnanimity, liberality
essence, get at the root 2 skh 1 rotten, putrid, foul compound verb to rot,
saj f. back of a blade ferment compound verb to rot, putrify, decompose
sedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be saying an only son and he was a ne'er-do-well
killed, be annihilated 2 to perish, die 3 to be felled (e.g., of a (literally: just one egg, and it was addled)
tree) 1 sakh t m. funeral banquet, funeral repast
sed m. plural distruction, annihilation; death 2 skht m. miscarriage, abortion; foetus
sdjm m. stadium skhtb m. f. putridity, rottenness
seshn m. station power- skh a f. flat nose
generating plant radio station skhredl intransitive
sadzhd f. Arabic 1 prayer rug 2 temple, chapel sakhft m. Arabic 1 weakmindedness, imbicility,
sadzhdanishn m. head imam in a holy place stupidity, obtuseness 2 unconvincingness, unpersuasiveness
sadzhj m. Arabic plural of sakhln m. Sakhalin
sidzhd f. Arabic [plural: and m. plural ] skhw laj m.
religion bowing to the ground, prostrating compound sakhwt m. Arabic generosity, magnanimity, liberality
verb to bow to the ground, prostrate oneself to be generous, be magnanimous
sdzhra f. skh wga f. botony 1 long cyperus; tormentil 2 sweet flag
sadzh' f. Arabic rhymed prose, rhyming prose sakht 1 hard, strong, firm, rigid, stiff 2 hard, arduous,
sidzhl, sidzhll m. Arabic 1 record, register 2 registration difficult, heavy 3 strict, stern 4 severe, cold a severe
form registry of vital statistics (e.g., winter 5 stingy, tight, miserly (of a person) 6 rude, harsh 7
births, deaths, marriages, divorces) 3 service record heavy, grave, terrible a serious crime 8 persistent,
sudzhd m. Arabic plural of stubborn, hardened, embittered
sadzhijaw inborn, innate, congenital sakht m. 1 boiled rice porridge 2 thin gruel, pap
sadzhij f. Arabic [m. plural ]inborn characteristic, sakhtawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
innate quality, natural character by one's boil (until) soft (e.g., porridge, gruel)
innate qualities He was a man of high sakhtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
morals. be boiled soft (e.g., porridge, gruel)
427
sakhtdl sakhtzay cruel, brutal, hard-hearted, 2 skhn happy; lucky, fortunate

heartless, callous sukhanr eloquent
sakhtsr 1 steadfast, stable, firm, unshakable 2 persistent, sukhanrj f. eloquence
stubborn, insistent 3 tough, having great endurance, having great sukhanwr 1 eloquent 2 m. poet
staying power sukhanchn m. gossip, scandal-monger; tattletale
1
sakhtsar f. 1 steadfastness, staunchness, firmness 2 sukhand n 1 smart, intelligent (of a person) 2 m. poet;
persistence, stubbornness, insistence 3 endurance, staying power, man of letters
fortitude skhundurkj m. 1
sakhtsraj having a stern temper, a stern disposition
2
sukhans za m. 1 gasbag, windbag 2 deceiver, cheat,
sakhtgra severe, stern; strict, exacting, demanding swindler, liar
sakhtmiz dzha severe, having stern disposition sukhanfhma clever, bright, quick
sakhtw laj m. 1 cruelty, brutality, skhw with or having a flat nose, with a nose like a duck
savageness, hard-heartedness. skhutn m. hot ashes
sakhtawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to skhw m. 1 crooked club or cudgel 2 fat male, stout man
make hard, make rigid 2 to make severe, harden, embitter 3 to skhwukhtn m.
fasten, secure compound verb to tighten a nut 4 to skhwr happy; lucky, fortunate
make difficult skhwhtj m. 1 shuttle (weaver's) 2 corner (of the
skhta 1 f. .1 deprivations, difficulties; indigence, poverty mouth)
to endure deprivations 1.2 unpleasantness 2 skhwandr m. calf, bull-calf
very, extremely He is a very good man. 3 1 skhwndarkj m. calf
feminine singular of rainy day 2 skhwndarkj f. skhwandra f. heifer
1 sakht f. [plural: and ]1 hardness; cruelty 1 skha f. 1 malicious joy; malice, spite compound
2 difficulty; trouble, serious position with difficulty verb to gloat 2 vindictiveness
with great difficulty 3 misfortune, trouble 2 skha
He experienced many deprivations. 4 skhah r m. 1 rustle, rustling (of the wind) 2 whine of a
sternness, severity 5 stinginess, miserliness 6 shortage, need bullet
lack of water 1 sakh 1 generous, magnanimous 2 m. proper noun Sakhi
2 sakhti feminine plural of 2 skhaj m. calf, bull-calf seal
sakhtj f. 1 3 skhj f. heifer
sakhtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to sakhitb m.
get hard, become firm, become rigid, stiff; get strong 2 to become sakhf Arabic 1 unconvincing, weak
difficult; become stressful (of life) 3 to become hard or severe, Those are unconvincing arguments. 2 empty, frivolous, empty-
grow cruel or violent headed, flighty
skhr m. father-in-law (wife's father)
1
1
sd m. 1 consciousness, sense, feeling
2 skhar 1 m. [plural: ]stone, rock 2 petrified, hardened to regain consciousness to lose consciousness 2
skhrganj f. wife's relatives, wife's family understanding 3 intellect, reason blockhead, dolt,
1 skhra f. stone, rock stupid person Are you in your right
2 skhra feminine singular of 2 mind?
skhra gha f. hangman's knot, noose 2

sad, sadd m. Arabic 1 wall the Great Wall of
China 2 dam, weir, dyke 3 curtain 4 obstacle
skharaj stubborn, steadfast
1 skha f. embryo sdra f. gifts or tributes to a sayyid
2 skha f. 1 artel of (ditch)diggers or excavators or navvies sadrj vest
(who dig kahrizes) 2 trace (of a plow)
suds m. Arabic one sixth (part) of something
sdk w m. stomach upset, indigestion; diarrhea
sakhk l dialect 2
sdni m. Sidney
skhkra f. double-sided ax sad m. proper noun Sado [diminutive of ]
skhkj m. whine of a bullet sdubd m. consciousness to beat someone
1 sukhn, sukhn m. [plural: ] word, speech senseless, beat until loss of consciousness
smart, intelligent
428
sadoz, saduz 1 m. plural .1 the Sadozi tribe (a branch of conversation (about something); to broach a subject f to flow
the Durani from which were drawn the rulers of Afghanistan in the together (of rivers) g to live together, cohabit with someone
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries) 1.2 branch 2 sadozy, compound verb a to close,
saduzy m. a Sadozai [member of the Sadozi tribe] stopper, cork b to become engaged, become a fianc
sadwl m. person of small stature; squab (a short squat person) compound verb a to be lost in thought b to be on the alert, prick
1 sudd f. Arabic 1 hindrance, obstacle 2 bolt, lock (in a up one's ears a to shirk, evade, elude, try get out of
door) 3 medicine embolism, thrombosis doing something b to (try to) persuade or induce someone to do
2 sud 1 pure, uncontaminated 2 genuine, real something to hunker down in a slit trench
sdj, sadj f. century to grow old to come out against someone;
sur 1 m. [plural: suar nand sur] wild boar contradict someone; fail to obey someone a to
2.1 bald; balding 2.2 scabby, mangy get a swelled head over b to hold a high position
sl m. 1 old ox 2 sluggish listless person, dawdler; lout, compound verb to worry, fret, torment oneself; suffer b
oaf to complain, make complaints against someone ...
1
sar m. 1 head gray head at the head of the bed a to lower one's head, hang one's head b to submit, resign
a by one's head (to swear, etc.) b spontaneously, by oneself, bow to, acquiesce compound verb a to disgrace
oneself c involuntarily, unwittingly 2 classifier head (for oneself b to humiliate oneself, grovel to ruin
counting cattle) twenty head of cattle 3 chief, leader; someone, be the undoing of someone; drive someone to his grave
director 4 front part, forepart of something 5 top, topmost part, compound verb a to hang one's head b to hang one's
apex; summit 6 surface on water on head, be dejected, be sad, grieve c to not agree to
the ground 7 upper reaches, headwaters, riverhead; source compound verb to shake one's head "no"
compound verb to originate, have its source (of a river) 8 compound verb a to perish, pay
beginning at the beginning of the month with one's life b a
from the very start to be possible, be feasible, be realizable, be practicable
beginning (from, with), starting (from, with) That is feasible. b correspond to, conform to, be in
starting with this issue keeping with; to hurt, ache (of the head)
from today forward a from head to toe, a to have a good head, have brains b to outweigh, be heavier
from foot to head b from beginning to end, from start to finish c than (about a pan of a balance) c to be larger, be more expensive
all, entirely, completely; absolutely 9 end; edge than something) to distinguish oneself, be notable for;
from end to end 10 end, tip (e.g., of a finger) 11 figurative accomplish a great feat to understand, comprehend
life to sacrifice one's life in the name of something Do you understand?
something prepared to sacrifice life and property; to live to have gray hair compound verb to give one's life
a if they preserve my life b if they show for something to sacrifice everything
mercy to me saying life is compound verb to nod one's head
dearer than money, and honor is dearer than life 12 addition, He agreed to teach me Pashto. compound
extra, additional payment verb a to rise up, rebel; evince rebelliousness b to not agree to
I exchanged pens with Zaheen and paid him compound verb a to
an extra twenty Afghani 13 goods or commodity equivalent (in hang one's head b humility, submissiveness c to give
bartering) compound verb a to rise up against, rebel consent to a marriage d to agree to ;
against, come out against someone; be obstinate, fail to obey or compound verb a to start something, set about, proceed to, begin
submit to, resist He stopped taking orders to b to break (open) (of a boil or abcess) c to miss (the mark), be
from his boss. b to receive something extra, receive extra payment wide of the mark I missed the target. d to braid the
in money (in an exchange) to give someone in hair, make a braid (after shampooing) ... a to set out
marriage; celebrate someone's wedding a to be for, leave (for), go (to) someplace Eastern He went
very tall b to become conceited, get a big head compound to the mountains. b to go, walk somewhere
verb to braid one's hair compound verb a to Eastern He went into the garden. c to start, strike up (e.g., a
go to bed b to become thoughtful to plan, conversation) Eastern He struck up a conversation.
conceive c to subordinate oneself to, submit to d to lay down to confuse, bewilder someone, take
one's life for, sacrifice oneself to give one's life away someone's ability to reason sensibly He is
for one's country e to begin, undertake to start a causing you a lot of trouble. to get into an argument;
429
intervene in a quarrel ! Don't pay any attention. went mad. to feud, quarrel; harbor
to sympathize with someone; be rabid hatred I will find justice.
concerned about someone He isn't worked to go blind, lose one's sight ! I
up about the cause. compound verb to be giddy, be wish you would go blind! one after the other a
dizzy My head is spinning. ! Eastern even with, on a level with b tie, draw (to play to a) c even, even-
Charm him! compound verb a to hurt someone's head steven, without any extra payment (in an exchange) full,
badly, break someone's head b to puzzle over something, rack complete completely, wholly; absolutely
one's brains over something c to thirst for, long for, to seek after directly, personally; -self Ahmed
something d to give in addition, give an extra appeared in person. inedpendently, on one's own,
Eastern Unnoticed he disappeared. to be performed, be personally courageous, daring; dare-devil
accomplished a to be impossible, be unrealizable b to per person, per head (of payment) He had to
not agree to to give or surrender oneself yield. quite alone, very much alone I'm
wholly to a cause to not turn out all by myself to not raise any
well, fail to be a success; be unrealizable obstacles to someone; give someone complete freedom
This is not working out. a to lay down one's life, to leave a matter as is ... I swear to you
sacrifice oneself b to exhibit self-sacrifice or dedication c to give that He loves me very much.
something in addition, give a little extra compound verb a saying to scatter one's efforts, start many
to behead, cut or chop off someone's head b to look for, search for projects and fail to complete them (literally: to lather up a hundred
c to appear, rise (of the moon and sun) a crazy, heads and not shave a one)
insane b upset; confused, perplexed He is a prig and a hypocrite. Nothing
to grieve, mourn, be sad, to feel bad, be melancholy upsets me. He doesn't have a patron.
! Eastern Don't stick up for him! to He is depressed. He
take on (oneself), shoulder (responsibility for supporting the complained about you. Whom do you wish to
family, caring for someone); lay on oneself (the burden of cares) see?
I undertook to help my friend in his 2
sir, sirr m. Arabic [plural: sirrna and Arabic
trouble. to bathe, take a bath asr r] secret compound verb to keep a secret
to pity, feel sorry for someone, treat with kindness, to be nice to, compound verb to divulge a secret
take tender care of someone a to crowd b to jam, 3 sur m. music note; key
cram into a to get into one's head b to fill (of the sar f. 1
teeth) to abuse someone's kindness; take advantage sar b m. Arabic figurative mirage
of someone with a less forceful personality sir dzh m. Arabic lamp
You are abusing my kindness to carry sarr dzh m. harness maker, saddler
out responsibilities; serve to avoid, evade, shirk sarrdzh f. harness-maker's craft, trade of harness-making,
to find out, worm a secret out of someone saddler's craft, trade of saddle-making, saddlery
to finish, bring the matter to an end 1 sarch f. small house, outbuilding
to be realized, be consumated, be brought to an end sarr m. artery
His dream came true. 1 sarsr m. juniper
to end, come to an end, be completed, be consumated 2 sarsr from start to finish; completely, totally, absolutely
You didn't understand what the point was. sarsar
to fulfill (one's duty); bring (a matter that has been sarsimag f. 1 confusion, perplexity, embarrassment,
begun) to an end to be realized, come true (of a desire) disarray 2 haste, hurry
to do one's utmost, try as hard as one can, try with all sarsim 1 confused, perplexed, being in a state of
one's strength to be at daggers drawn, be at confusion 2 hurrying; bustling compound verb a to
swords' points, quarrel, feud They are throw into confusion b to hurry, make someone hurry
mortal enemies. Eastern They compound verb a to lose one's presence of mind, become
got dressed up. I've racked my brains over him flustered, get into a state of confusion b to hurry, make haste,
saying a burden of one's own choice is not felt bustle
(literally: one's own hair is not a weight on one's head) srh greedy, miserly, stingy
Eastern He ruined this deal. He srhtb m. greediness, miserliness; stinginess, cupidity
430
srhnd agriculture balk (a strip of land left unplowed) 4 bridge entrance,

srhawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to bridge approach, the front part of a bridge
make greedy, make stingy sarbnj f. sarb a f. 1 traces (of a plow) 2
srh rawhide strap
srhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be sarbd l 1 suffering from dizziness, experiencing vertigo 2
greedy, be stingy confused, muddled compound verb to confuse, muddle
sur gh m. 1 search, investigation; questioning, interrogation sarbdltj f. sarbdl f. 1 dizziness, vertigo 2
2 track, footprint; sign, mark; token (state of) confusion, perplexity
compound verb a to look for, search for; make inquiries b to find sarbdl sacrificed
tracks; discover, find, detect sarb ga 1 carefree, light-hearted 2 wasteful, extravagant
surgh m. detective spendthrift, squanderer, waster, prodigal
sarfr z sarbr, sarbr 1 with trimmed branches to trim
sarfrz f. branches 2 m. cutting branches, trimming branches
sarfsr m. garrison commander, post commander sarbar h getting ready to travel, preparing for a trip; leaving
sarndzh m m. outcome, end, conclusion (of a business for somewhere to start, set about doing something
deal, an affair) sarbast 1.1 closed; sealed; stoppered, corked 1.2 whole,
sarindzhinir m. chief engineer unbroken, untouched 2 f. .1 small turban 2.2 triangular scarf,
sarnd z m. 1 back (of a bed) 2 large carpet on the floor kerchief
sarn f. 1 lintel 2 cross-piece sarbafalk high, tall (of a mountain)
sar w m. upper reaches of a river, headwaters of a river sarbulnd, sarbilnd 1 proud, grand, pomous 2 m. proper
sr wra f. sweets, candy (sent by the bridegroom to the bride's noun Sarbuland
home on the seventh day of the wedding) sarbuland f. 1 height, elevation 2 pride, pompousness 3
sr wa f. crowd; gathering (of people)
srhnd Sarbamhr sealed up; under seal
sar j, sr j m. 1 caravansary, inn 2 large house, detached sarbnd 1 m. .1 headband 1.2 chord (used as the base in
house transitory world (as opposed to the eternal world weaving nets out of straw) 1.3 main gate of an irrigation ditch 1.4
of the hereafter) upper reaches, headwaters (of a river) 2.1 closed
sirjt m. Arabic 1 infection to infect; transmit closed market 2.2 not having an outlet to the sea
an infection 2 penetration to penetrate into 1
sarb thick, greasy
something; be passed on to something; spread to something, extend 2
srab f. corpse; carrion compound verb to kill,
to something slaughter
sar-ji-khodzh m. Sarai-I-Khodzha (populated place serb 1 Serb(ian) 2 m. Serb
north of Kabul) sarbr
sarjd r m. 1 owner of a caravanasary, innkeeper sarbern figurative superficial
2 palace employee The air over the seal is very humid.
sargd m. I don't care for such light-mindedness.
sarhaj submissive; subjugated, subdued sarbra 1 from above, above on the building
sarjwl m. saryw n owner of a caravanasary, 2 besides something besides that 3.1 upper, top;
innkeeper upper room 3.2 to have come out on top, have gained
1 srab m. 1 remedy (against disease) 2 medicine treatment victory; having been victorious
2 srab deep-red sarbja f. cost, cost price, prime cost
sarbkhtn 1 srp, srp m. 1 coniferous tree 2 pine tree
sarbdj 1 mad, senseless 2 talking nonsense 2 srp m. plural metallurgy lead
sarb z 1 bold, courageous, selfless 2 m. .1 bold spirit, 3 surp 1 completely, entirely 2 only
daredevil 2.2 patriot patriot 2.3 soldier 1 sarp gi m. plural 1 Sarpagi (a tribe) 2 m.
sarbz f. daring, boldness, courage, selflessness 2 sarp gaj m. facial edema, puffiness
to exhibit daring, show selflessness field of battle sarp ghi, sarp ghaj
sarb nda f. sarb nday m. 1 strip of land at the head sarp m. sarpa f.
of a field 2 upper sloping masonry course of a duval 3 sarpar za ! I have the honor.
431
Sarparst m. 1 patron; trustee, guardian 2 leader, manager widowed ! saying May you live and have a family (a
Sarparast f. 1 patronage, protection; trusteeship, wish expressed by one woman to another)
guardianship 2 guidance, leadership, management 1 sartor f. 1 shame 2 widowhood
compound verb to lead, guide; direct 2 sartri feminine plural of
sarprekaj with head chopped off, beheaded sartoredl denominative, intransitive 1 [past: ] to
sarpakmshr m. military master sergeant; sergeant disgrace oneself 2 [past: ] to be widowed, become a
major sergeant first class widow
sarpuhtj f. fillet (from the middle portion of a sheep's sartip m. history general
carcass) 1 sar-i-tr quickly, fast, on the run, in a rush
sarpatnus f. napkin for a tray 2 sartr 1 courageous, brave 2 devoted; selfless
saripl m. Saripul Saripul market (in Kabul) sarter pointed
sarpan h m. shelter; refuge, asylum; haven sartza sartz 1 pointed 2 hot, fiery; hot-tempered,
sarpanh f. cover, protection quick-tempered
sarpa f. girl; unmarried woman sara ashamed compound verb to shame, put to
sarpaj 2 shame
sarph m. 1 lid, cover 2 valve (of the heart) 3 technology saraj 1 2 2 m. .1 pig, hog, swine 1.2 abusive
cap, head to hush something up, cover pig
something up sardzh m. cheviot
sarpohlaj covered, with a roof, with an awning sardzham' m. obsolete private first class, lance corporal
srpawl transitive [past: ] to flap (wings) sardzhm' f. sum total
sarpchej 1.1 head over heals 1.2 down, downwards, srdzha f. 1 frozen snow crust 2 sledding (over the snow)
down hill 2 confused, perplexed; stunned He is compound verb compound verb to
stunned. toboggan, slide (down a mountain, over the snow, on a board)
srpj m. onomatopeia sound of birds' wings during flight sardzh of or pertaining to cheviot
srpedl intransitive [past: ] to flap (wings) sarchap overturned, upended, tipped over
srpn lead (made of, containing, or pertaining to the metal sarchashm f.
lead) sarchum f. usually plural shot (shotgun)
srt m. body sarchin f. 1 upper reaches, headwaters (of a river)
sartsra from end to end; from edge to edge have its start (of a river) 2 spring, source (of water) 3
in the whole world figurative source, origin heat source
sartrp ja sartrsra all, completely, entirely; from sardzw descending, going down
edge to edge sardzwa f. slope, incline
sartalaj 1.1 closed closed box 1.2 sealed up sardzwaj
2 m. nomad sardzj m. front part, fore-part
sartakaj m. headband 1 sartsu, sartswu f. shame; embarrassment
sartanaj covering the head head scarf 2 sartsaj, sartswaj 1 being ashamed, being embarrassed
sartamb opposing; being stubborn, stubbornly resisting 2 with bowed head 3 ashamed
sartambk f. obstinacy, stubbornness; sarts dialect cold, cool, chilly; very cold, icy
persistence sartse immediately, directly
sartan w m. string of snares and nets sartse f. 1
sartr 1 uncovered (of the head) bare-headed, sarhd, sarhdd m. Arabic [plural: sarhadna and
hatless 2 defenseless, unprotected ! saying Long Arabic sarhad t, sarhadd t] border, limit, boundary;
live your husband! (a woman's wish) borderland band of Pashtoon independent tribes
sartorw laj m. shame border guard to cross the border, cross a
sartorawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to boundary
shame sarhdd r m. chief of a frontier post
sartra 1 feminine singular of 2 f. widow sarhad, sarhadd 1 frontier, border frontier post
compound verb a to bare one's head b to lose one's husband, be 2 demarcation demarcation commission
surkh red
432
surkh b m. sardar f. upper part of a valley

sarkh r m. thorny hedge sar-i-dst 1 being at hand, being available; on hand 2
sarkhn f. household tax current, pressing, urgent
sarkhnj f. camel stall sardsr m. cold zone, cold lands, cold-climate countries
surkh w m. 1 Surkhab (the name of a number of rivers) 2 sardubr anew, again, (all) over again
red duck sard f. cantaloupe, muskmelon
surkhb d m. medicine erysipelas sard f. cold, hard frost
surkhpsh m. history Red Shirt sarrisht f. 1 measure 2 post, job, position 3 tie,
connection, relation; junction, combination 4 end, tip (of a thread,
surkhch f. type of apricot
string or rope) 5 row, line 6 arrangement, adjustment,
surkhrj respected, esteemed; famous, glorious
surkhruj f. honor, respect; good fame organization compound verb a to take
measures b to arrange, adjust, organize
sarkhrjna f. shaving the head (of an infant, as a rirual)
sarkhs m. Arabic fern tree fern sarrishtad r m. district finance manager
sarkht, sarkhtt m. 1 headline 2 foreword, preface sarrishtadr f. 1 district financial management 2 job
of district finance manager
sarkhka f. pink starling
surkhuprs f. Surkhuparsa sarzgj m. piece of leather (with which a jug is tied up)
sarkhd independent sarzamn m. country; territory
sarkhwalaj (who) perished, (who laid down his life sarzansh m. reproach, rebuke; reprimand
sarkhugawnkaj
tiring, tedious, tiresome, boring, sarzra sarzray obstinate, stubborn; persistent;
irksome recalcitrant
sarkhuged
sarkhug f. lm plural 1 headache 2 sarzor f. stubbornness; persistence; recalcitrance
trouble; unpleasantness This is simply unpleasant. compound verb to be stubborn
sarkhsh 1 merry, jovial, vivacious 2 tipsy, having had a sarzwa f.
little too much to drink sr srg f. female mouflon, mouflon ewe
sarkhush f. 1 cheerful mood 2 intoxication sars m m. 1 delirium; fever 2 meningitis
sarkhl m. sarkhwla f. crown of a hat sarsj f. 1 alms (given to the poor when breaking a fast) 2
surkh 1 pretty, beautiful 2 light bay, chestnut (of a horse's shawl, veil (given to a newlywed woman by her father on the last
color) day of the wedding)
1
surkh f. 1 rust (also on the surface of plants) 2 scrofula 3 sarsbz 1 green, turning green, blooming 2 fertile
beauty; high color, blush, glow 4 crimson 5 red coloring, red fertile land rich region
paint, red dye 6 red ink 7 figurative fame, glory compound verb to make fertile, cause to flower
surkhj m. light bay horse, chestnut horse
2
sarsabz f. 1 flowering 2 planting of greenery, planting of
3 surkhj f. 1 fringe 2 edge, selvage trees and shrubs 3 figurative prosperity, flourishing
sarkhl m. tribal leader, tribal chief, head of a clan 1
sarsr m. cold hard wind, high cold wind
sard cold, very cold, icy; frosty, freezing 2
sarsr being on the surface or on top compound
sard r m. 1 leader; head; chief; military leader 2 Sardar (a verb to select, pick out (e.g., the larger grain)
title of the aristocracy); prince the Order of compound verb to be selected, be picked out (e.g., of a larger
"Sardar-I ala" the Order of "Sardar-l ali" 3 grain)
regional Indian officer; captain 4 proper noun Sardar sarsartra bareheaded, hatless
sardr m. mercury sarsar 1 superficial, casual, slipshod 2 external, outward,
sardr f. 1 supremacy; leadership, management 2 outer outward manifestation 3 easy, not difficult
domination compound verb a to dominate b to rule 4 happy-go-lucky, carefree, not serious, frivolous, light-minded
over, have dominion over, have sway over sarsj nda
sardrj f. proper noun Sardaray sarshkh f. tax on small livestock
sardn f. sources (of a river) sarsh ra sarsh r 1 overfilled, full to the brim; cramed
sardarakht f. 1 fruit 2 part of the garden with fruit trees or stuffed with something 2 poetic drunken, intoxicated
sardrd m. headache compound verb poetic to be drunk, be inebrriated
sardard f. trouble, agitation
433
sarshr f. 1 abundance, plenty, profusion 2 poetic sark r m. 1 government history local

intoxication, inebrriation government 2 estate, holding(s) 3 regional district made up of
sarshn f. shoulder strap, shoulder piece; epaulet several tribes 4 chief, leader
sarshh f. measure of weight equal to 14 grams sark r 1 m. business He has business
sarsht, sirsht m. 1 mixture 2 figurative nature 3 figurative with the press. 2 law valid, in force, in effect
constitution, structure, physical make-up sarkr 1.1 state, government(al) government
sarisht f. worker, government employee, civil servant 1.2 public (of a
sarishtad r m. 1 Eastern clerk of court 2 building, etc.) 2 f. management, superintendence
sarshumr f. sarshmr m. census (of the sark sarky 1 m. [plural: Sarkani (a tribe)] 2 m. a
population) Sarkanai (member of the Sarkani tribe)
sarshkh jovial, jolly, lively, cheerful; mischievous (of a sarkitbt m. position or job of business manager; position
person) or job of head secretary
sariht f. dialect sark m. circuit (electrical) short circuit
sarat n m. Arabic 1 crayfish, crawfish; crab 2 medicine sarkardag f. supremacy, control, leadership; guidance
cancer, carcinoma 3 the constellation Cancer (Crab); saratan (the sarkard m. [plural: sarkardag n] 1 leader 2
fourth month of the solar year; June-July chief, superior; senior (official, etc.)
sartabb m. head physician sarkardag f.
sur't m. Arabic 1 speed, velocity a speed of sirks m. circus
motion b military rate of march 2 tempo, pace, rate saraksz f. road building
sargh m. saddle sarksh
sargh aj 1 obstinate, stubborn; recalcitrant, unruly; sarkushd open (of a letter) open letter
disobedient, naughty 2 m. rebel, insurgent, mutineer, rioter; sarkh 1 obstinate, stubborn; recalcitrant, unruly;
insurrectionist disobedient 2 m. horse blanket
sarghamshr m. commander-in-chief sarkhta with head bowed, meek, humble
sargh ndaj to reply meekly
sarghaawna f. 1 stubbornness, obstinacy; disobedience 2 sarkah f. 1 obstinacy, stubbornness; recalcitrance,
mutiny, riot; uprising unruliness; disobedience 2 riot compound verb a to
sarghshaj m. cane; rush, reed be obstinate b to riot to fail to obey
sarghandj m. sarghan m. head, leader someone, not obey someone's order
leaders, chiefs, heads sarkalj m. Eastern first haircut (child's)
sarghwch m. sealing wax sarknda headlong compound verb to run
sarghw m. pomade headlong, without watching where one is going
sarghn m. medicine mumps 1
sarkunj m. lock of a child's (hair, left by a vow or
sarfar z 2 solomn promise)
sarfarz f. distinction; high position, greatness 2
sarkunj f.
1 sarf f. Arabic profit, gain; advantage, benefit 3
sarkunj f. short-haired girl (whose hair has been cut)
2 surf f. cough 4
sarkanj f. bride (fiancee) whose betrothed dies before
sariqt m. Arabic 1 theft 2 plagiarism the wedding
sariql m. 3 sarkb 1 towering above, dominating (an area, a terrain) 2
sarqumnd n m. commander-in-chief m. overseer, supervisor
sarqumndnijt m. high command sarkzaj m. 1 swine, hog, wild boar 2 abusive swine,
sarq f. scoundrel, villain,
sark m. 1 road 2 street a roadway, pavement b sarkuz f. humiliation, abasement
highway path(way), walk(way) highway
1 sarkwl upside down, head over heels
compound verb to leave, set off, start off, hit the road compound verb to stand on one's head
sarktb m. secretary archivist; office compound verb to turn sommersaults
manager, manager of office work
2
sarkl m. 1 bowl (of a hookah) 2 bucket, hopper (of a
mill)
434
3 sarikl m. Sarykul (lake in the Pamir mountains) 1 sarm l m. rope for tying on a pack (on a pack animal)
sarkunj f. turning sommersaults 2 sarm l filled to the brim (of a cup, bowl, etc.)
compound verb to turn sommersaults sarmmr m. chief, senior (officer) chief
sirk f. vinegar of a police department (in a province)
1 surkj m. whistling, howling (of the wind) sarmmurijt m. police department (in a province)
2 surkj f. cherries sarmj f. economics capital fixed capital
3 srkj f. ladybird beetle, ladybug sarmjad r 1 m. capitalist 2 wealthy, rich
sarguzsht m. 1 adventure, event, happening 2 narrative, rich language
story sarmjadr 1 f. capitalism 2 capitalist(ic)
sargard n 1 upset, sad, downcast, aggrieved, distressed; surmj
worried, anxious 2 wandering seeking sarmshq m. 1 example, model 2 exercise
something sarmuhkj f. lizard
sargardnawl denominative, transitive [past: sarmu'allm m. 1 senior teacher 2 senior instructor
]to disturb, upset, embarrass; to (cause) distress, aggrieve, upset sarmaghzn 1 garrulous, talkative 2 to go out of one's mind
sargardn f. 1 grief, sorrow 2 confusion, anxiety, (on account of chattering and noise) compound verb
uneasiness; distress ;compound verb
sargrm 1 enthusiastic (about something) 2 ardent, fervent 3 sarmaghznawl denominative, transitive [past:
energetic ]to drive (someone) crazy (with noise, chattering)
sargarm f. 1 keenness, attraction compound I was stunned by your scream.
verb to be keen on something, take great interest in something 2 sarmaghznedl denominative, intransitive [past:
ardor, ferver 3 enthusiasm ]to go out of one's mind, lose one's wits, go crazy (from noise,
sargurh m. leader, guide; ringleader jabbering, etc.)
srgaj m. 1 cypress grass, Cyperus 2 beard grass, sarmaql f. editorial, lead article
Andropogon (a cereal) sarmunsh m. history chief of the king's personal office
sargashtag f. vertigo, dizziness, giddiness surm f. antimony, stibium
sargasht 1 suffering from dizziness or vertigo 2 surmaj dark blue
psychologically ill 3 upset compound verb to surn f. zourna (type of flute)
confuse, bewilder (someone) surnch m. zourna player
sargal f. tax on pasturage (per head of livestock) sarnm f. 1 address 2 title page
sargangs 1 surnj m.
sarlawh f. 1 sign, signboard 2 vignette srndzha f. sediment, lees (when melting butter)
1 sarlwa f. honor respect, fame, glory 1 surng, surng m. 1 sap, undermining
to do someone the honor of, honor someone to compound verb to dig a sap, undermine 2 mine
be proud of someone, take pride in someone torpedo
2
sarlwaj worthy of honor and respect, deserving of honor 2 surng m. chestnut
and glory to honor someone, do someone the surng achawnke torpedo boat
honor of compound verb to be awarded with surangparn f. blasting, blasting operations
someithing sarnign 1 overturned, toppled 2 shot down, brought down
sarloj f. 1 arrogance, swagger; conceit 2 pride (of an aircraft) fritillaria (a decorative plant)
compound verb a to be proud of, take pride in sarangj m. 1 1 2 corridor, passage(way),
We are proud of their courage b to swagger, entrance (hall)
boast; get puffed up, get conceited, give oneself airs sarnawsht m. lot, fate; destiny, fortune
sarlsra anew, once again, (over) again to influence one's destiny
sarmtk 1 pugnacious 2 m. pugnacious fellow, 2 saranj upper, located above, from above, from the top, on
pugnacious boy, one who is always spoiling for a fight the surface of something the upper part (e.g., of a page)
sarmtka f. pugnacious woman, pugnacious girl sarnez f. three-edge bayonet; dagger bayonet
1 sarm taj 1 1 2 with hurt head, with bruised srnik m. great-great-grandfather
head 1 sarw m. poetic graceful stately as a cypress
2
sarmtj m. 1 top masonry course of a wall 2 eaves 2 sr, sr oblique plural of 5
435
sarw khaj obstinate stubborn, recalcitrant 2

sra f. 1 corpse; carrion 2 sandy knoll; sand hill, dune
sarw h m. sarw hay m. tether (e.g., for an ox) 3
sr 1 m. plural of 5 compound verb to make red
sarw ndi f. plural hot, heat to incandescence, make white hot 2 m. plural gold, gold
sarwn m. plural 1 Sarvani (a tribe) 2 m. a Sarvanai (a money
member of the Sarvani tribe) 4
sra 1 feminine singular of 5 2 f. gold coin, gold piece
srob srop quite, entirely, totally 5
sar, sr, sr 1.1 together; with each other, with one
sarup sarup y 1 m. robe (of honor) 2 from head to another; between ourselves; to each other, to one another
toe They came together. What are they talking
sarutn identical, equal (of calculation) about amongst themselves? to each other
compound verb to share equally (when deviding or partitioning They love each other very much.
property) When will we see each other again? His
sarwka f. sons have quarrelled together compound
sard m. song; melody verb to assemble, unify, concentrate compound
sarodg sarodgy m. 1 singer 2 musician verb to be assembled, be unified, be concentrated 1.2 completely,
sarodgu f. singing entirely All my
totally
sarod m. singer clothing was torn to shreds. All three fell down. 2
1 surr m. Arabic gladness, joy, mirth postposition .1 a with, together (indicates compatibility, in
2 sarwr m. 1 leader, head 2 proper noun Sarvar combination with the preposition) together with
sarwrkh m. 1 headwork of a canal 2 place where two together with produce b near, at, by (indicates
rivers join, the confluence of two rivers 3 source 4 figurative being near something) at the window c upon, after
beginning, first step (used when denoting an action or event, after which something
sarwra f. proper noun Sarvara happens or occurs) upon arriving when
1 sarwar f. 1 leadership 2 power, domination falling 2.2 with, with the aid of something (serves to denote the
2 sarwarj m. load (on an animal) instrument of an action, in combination with the preposition )
sarwzna f. 1 waistband of trousers 2 fringe (on woman's with the aid of 2.3 according to something, in
wide trousers) accordance with ; (as) per in combination with the word and
sarusm n m. property; belongings, things the preposition by international law
sarwsh n stately as a cypress, graceful according to the report 3 forms compound
sroghl transitive [past: ] to put into a difficult conjunctions with concessive connotation in combination with the
situation; perplex, nonplus demonstrative pronoun , the preposition ...
sarwqmt sarwqd and the conjunction ... ... despite
saruk r m. relation, connection ... to 6 sar pure, uncontaminated
not have anything to do with 7 sar draft (of an ox, bullock)
saruk l all year, the whole year round surh r m. sound (of the wind)
sarulm m. beginning the beginning of the matter sr bndz m. plural tomatoes
the beginning of the month idiom to sr zr m. plural gold; gold pieces
get terribly angry sra gh a f. anatomy pharynx
sarwr m. sweets, candy (brought to the bride's house from sra ghurdzka f. 1 large spark 2 bright flame
the bridegroom) sr ked m. plural 1 frying, roasting 2 melting, (suet,
srwa f. cypress tallow)
sarw m. 1 research, study 2 geological prospecting sra mkha f. medicine erysipelas
prospecting party 3 topographic survey sarhaw suffering from self-importance, conceited; haughty,
sarwgd m. pillow arrogant, supercilious nonsense, rubbish !
sarws sarws m. 1 servicing, service 2 Don't get a swelled head!
airline automobile transportation srawr Eastern
3 colloquial bus 4 sports service
sra-u-zarghun f. f. rainbow
srojl transitive [past: ] to kill, swat (fleas, etc.) idiom Ahmed is quite beardless.
1 sra f. manure, dung; fertilizer chemical sra wla f. Dzungar willow
fertilizers to fertilize the soil
436
srwartb m. width, breadth; spaciousness saobj m. [plural: saob and saobiy n]

1 sirr Arabic secret secret correspondence earthenware pitcher
2 srj, surj m. 1 to betray one another saob f. Sarobi (region)
3 sraj m. measles sataj m. man, little man, little fellow
4 sraj m. botony tamarisk saawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to cool
5 sarj f. 1 land-working partnership, joint working of land by (off), chill 2 figurative to calm, quiet, soothe 3 to slake lime
two or more poor peasants 2 team of oxen 1
sa, s feminine singular of It's cool
6
srj f. 1 head of a hookah 2 scoop today.
7
srj f. cherry (fruit and tree) 2
sa 1 free, unoccupied, not busy (from work, etc.) 2
8
sre 1 feminine plural of
5
hot tears 2 f. completed, fulfilled, carried out
plural gold pieces; gold saabn m. Saraban (one of the main tribes of the Afghans)
surjn Syrian sakj f. top, summit, crown (of a tree, of a mountain)
surjta f. saalwa f. f. fever and chills; fever
srikh m. botony Mimosa seris (tree) He is feverish.
sur-smbur 1
sa and Western saiy n] 1
saj m. [plural:
srih m. 1 glue 2 stickiness man, person Three people came. to
srihn , sticky; viscous make someone a man compound verb to become a man
srhna f. anatomy femural head cavity 2 husband; man 3 worker; servant 4 lad, young man 5 people;
srihawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
men to support someone
glue, paste; stick, paste together
sa, s feminine plural of
2
srihedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to

3 sa m. Western old chap, old fellow, friend
stick (to, together), adhere (to), be pasted, be glued; cling to
saitb m. 1 manliness befitting a man 2
siris f m. Arabic muslin humaneness, humanity
sar' quick, fast, rapid, swift saechn chilly, sensitive to cold (of a person)
sari'tsh rapid-firing sadzaj in combination with numerals two-place,
sari'-as-sjr Arabic high-speed, fast two-seat
sari'n fast, rapid; hurried, hasty saikhr 1 greedy, stingy 2 m. cannibal
sremj f. lentil saedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
sirenik f. Kirenaika become cold, cool (down) 2 to catch cold, come down with a cold
srindaw l, srindaw l m. violinist; fiddler 3 to quiet down, calm down, compose oneself
srind, srind f. 1 violin; fiddle compound verb
fighting ceased
to play the violin 2 poetic lyre
saihh m.
srindam r, srindam r m. saz f. punishment to punish someone
sariwrkh, sariwarkh m. 1 upper reaches, headwaters (of to teach someone a lesson punishable
a river) 2 start, beginning (of work, of a business deal)
sazw r 1 worthy, deserving of something
srewr obvious, patent, evident to be worthy, deserve something 2 befitting, proper
sarj f. rising (of the sun) compound verb to rise (of
sazwl m. 1 tax collector 2 history estate manager, steward
the sun)
sazj b Eastern law convicted, condemned
saban m. plural Sarbani (a group of Afghan tirbes) saznaj m. needles (of conifers)
sazawl m.
sap m. 1 2 onomatopoeia sound of the clash of s m. s f.
swords
s f. Western
sph r m. squelching, sloshing (of mud under-foot) sah r m. whine (of bullets)
compound verb to squelch, slosh (through mud) 1 sg m.
satj f. cold; the cool, coolness 2 sag current, this (of the year) the current year
sak m. ;railroad this year's harvest
1 sa oblique plural of 1 sgm f. nostril a to overeat, eat too much,

2 sa oblique plural of eat one's fill b to get angry
437
1
sg n pulmonary artery str, str m. Arabic 1 line compound verb to draw
2
current, this (year); of the current year, of this
sag n a line; rule, line off 2 line (of print) 3 row, series
year this year satrksh m. ruler, straightedge
sg f. satrndzh m. chess chess-board
sgh
r m. satrandzh f. shatrandzhi (a rug fabric)
sgaj m. lung pulmonary diseases satr by the line
He tortured me. stl, stl m. Arabic bucket, pail
saying His heart skipped a beat. abbreviation of history bearer of the order of
sasp r m. plowshare "Sardar-i ali"
sasprkodj m. Eastern tool bag, tool kit sa'dt m. Arabic 1 happiness, bliss; prosperity 2 well-
sasp ra f. being 3 proper noun Saadat
saspr m. hoe, mattock sa'datmn 1 2
sust, sst 1 weak, feeble 2 slow, sluggish; listless, languid; sa'datman f. 1 happiness; prosperity; success 2 well-
lazy 3 stretched loosely, slack (of a rope, etc.) being
sustinkish f poorly developed, underdeveloped (of a 1
sa'd Arabic 1 m. .1 lucky arrangement of stars, lucky star
country) 1.2 favorable sign 1.3 happiness, prosperity 1.4 proper noun
sust-pust 1 very weak, quite feeble 2 quite listless Saad 2.1 happy, prosperous 2.2 favorable, satisfactory
sistm m. 1 system 2 network (e.g., telephone) 2 su'd m. Arabic nut grass, coco grass, Cyperus rotundus
sustw laj m. 1 weakness 2 inertia, listlessness; laziness, sa'd m. 1
indolence, sloth sa'ud Saudi Saudi
sustawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to Arabia
weaken, enfeeble 2 to slacken, loosen (a rope, etc.) sa'ja f. Arabic endeavor, effort compound verb to
2 f. regional delaying,
ssta 1 feminine singular of try, endeavor, strive for to make efforts
procrastination; omission to not sa'd Arabic 1 happy, fortunate; favorable your
deny someone food are unfortunate, you are luckless 2 m. proper noun Said
sust f. 1 impotence, weakness 2 sluggishness; listlessness sa'r m. Arabic hell, hades
3 carelessness, negligence relaxation of discipline s'ja f.
compound verb a to show weakness, reveal weakness c'ji plural of
b to reveal negligence, exhibit negligence sgh m. 1 whistle, whine (of a bullet) 2 sound of wings (of
sustijt m. birds flying) compound verb a to whistle, whine (of a
sustedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to bullet) b to make a fluttering sound with the wings
become weak 2 to be sluggish, be listless; be lazy, indolent 3 to sgh f.
be slackened, be loosened (of a rope, etc.) 4 to fade (away), die sghl m. medicine dyspepsia; indigestion
out (of a noise) sghawl, sughawl transitive [past: ] 1 to pierce;
sskra f. rocky terrain punch a hole in, puncture 2 to fling, hurl, throw 3 to let fly, shoot
sisil f. Sicily (a bullet)
sasawl transitive dialect sghah r m. 1 puffing, wheezing, snorting 2 whistle, whine
ssaj m. botony saxaul, Haloxylon (of a bullet) compound verb to whistle, whine (of a
sashkla f. always, constantly, continually; every time bullet)
sh f. sizzling, sputtering (the sound of meat, etc., being sughj m. puffing, wheezing, snorting (through the nose)
fried or broiled) sghedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be pierced, be
sahsra f. hoe, mattock punctured 2 to whistle, whine (of a bullet)
shkra f. sifrt m. Arabic 1 embassy 2 duties of an ambassador
sath f. Arabic stha f. 1 surface plateau 2 sifratkhn f. embassy, embassy building; (ambassador's)
figurative level above sea level residence
to raise the cultural level sifrsh m. [plural: sifrishna and Arabic
sath Arabic 1 surface, superficial sifrish t] 1 commission, assignment; instructions 2
superficial knowledge 2 groundless, unfounded order compound verb a to give an assignment,
438
instruct, commission b to order compound verb to saqm Arabic 1 sick, unhealthy 2 incorrect, wrong, false
order 1 suk m. 1
saff k Arabic 1 bloodthirsty 2 m. bloodsucker, extortionist; 2 sik m. Sikh
villain sk ln m. Scotland
saffk f. 1 bloodthirstiness 2 incurability (of a disease) sakrt m. Arabic agony; faint, fainting
safr m. Arabic 1 journey, trip; voyage sakrt-i death throes
baggage compound verb to travel, journey skrltn m. scarlet fever
to set out on a journey ! Bon voyage! sk rwaj m. pneumonia; pleurisy
2 wartime 3 military campaign 4 figurative the final journey, skr m. plural [singular: ]coal
death He has left this world. charcoal ( hard) coal
sufar m. plural Arabic of white coal
safarbr mobilized compound verb to mobilize skr khartsawnkaj m. m. coal seller,
safarbar f. mobilization general coal vender
mobilization partial mobilization sk sa f. silhouette
safarkhrts m. 1 travel expenses 2 travel allowance, travel sak l m. current year, this year
pay sklarshp m. stipend, scholarship, student grant
safarmijn , saparmijn m. plural regional sappers, combat to give out a scholarship
engineers combat engineer battalion skl f. 2
safarnm f. travel diary 1 skm m. post, pole
sufr f. anatomy anus 2 skm abbreviation of I did say; you know, you
safar 1.1 travel 1.2 field 2 f. .1 journey, trip 2.2 see 8 2
provisions for the road skndinawij f. Scandinavia
sufl Arabic 1 lower the lower extremities 2 low,
skndinawijj Scandinavian
base, mean
sk 1 dark bay (of a horse's color) 2 dark-complexioned,
sifls, sifils m. syphilis swarthy 3 sunburned, tanned
saff, suff m. Arabic medicine powder (a medicine) skj m. chisel
safd white sku m. regional 1 boy scout 2 scout, reconnoiterer
safed r m 1 white poplar, silver poplar 2 wood of the white 1 skta f. 1 patience, endurance 2 satisfaction
or silver poplar
compound verb to be sufficient, suffice
safedpsh 1 dressed in white 2 m. rich man, wealthy
2
sakt f. Arabic 1 interruption, stoppage; hitch, hesitation 2
person
comma 3 becoming torpid, becoming rigid, becoming numb 4
safedkh m. Safedkokh (the name of various mountain
medicine insuline
ranges)
skdzaj m. 1
safed f. 1 poplar 2 white (of an egg), egg white 3 whiting,
sukr m. Arabic intoxicating drink; wine
white pigment
sekretr m. m. secretary
safr m. Arabic [plural: and Arabic ]ambassador skarwa f. 1 red smouldering lump of coal 2 spark
ambassador Sparks fly from the bonfire.
saq w m. saq m. [plural: saqw n] water-carrier 1 sukk m. cornbread
history Bache-Sakao 2 sukk 1 crippled, maimed 2 m. cripple
saqw f. 1 swimming pool, pond 2 cold bath compound verb to cripple, maim compound verb to
saqr m. Arabic hell, nether world be crippled, be maimed
saqf m. Arabic 1 ceiling 2 roof 3 figurative vault of skustl transitive [present: past: ] to
heaven, firmament
shear (wool)
saqfposh f. ceiling, overhead, cover saksawl m. botany saxaul, Haloxylon
saql t m. Arabic red fabric; purple 1
skht imperfect of
suqt m. Arabic 1 fall, collapse compound verb 2
skht m. cutting out compound verb to cut,
a to fall b to be knocked down to shoot
cut out
down a plane 2 breakdown, disintegration 3 death, destruction,
downfall 4 defeat
439
skhtl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to skwa f. fork (for winnowing grain)

cut out (a dress) 2 figurative to make plans, make suppositions; 1 skwi plural of
estimate 2 skoj m. 1 seam; stitch 2 embroidery 3 anxiety, uneasiness
skhta f. cutting out 4 figurative kind, stamp, mold; outward appearance, exterior
1 skl transitive 3 skwj m. tailor
2 skul present stem of skoj r m. tailor
1 skam m. sack, bag skwer m. public garden
2 skm present first person of skwajr m. regional landowner, landed gentleman
sikandzabn m. lemon juice with sugar; syrup of vinegar skojl transitive [past: ] 1 to comb; comb out 2
and honey to shear (sheep) 3 to massage, rub
sikandr m. proper noun Alexander skojna f. 1 combing, combing out 2 shearing (of sheep) 3
skindn m. trial, test, taste, sample massaging
skind f. 1 healing, healing over; scarring, cicatrization (of a 1
sikk f. Arabic coin a to persuade
wound) 2 joining of disparate parts someone b to impose one's own opinion on someone
skun f. nip, pinch, tweak 2
sikh m. 2
sakanj blood, by blood, own 3
sik f. metallurgu lead
1 ska m. cut, cutting out 4
sik, sikk f. Arabic outward appearance (beautiful)
2 ska 5
sak blood, by blood, own own sister (related by
3 sk present stem of blood) own brother (related by blood)
skaj f. 1 queen bee's cell (in a beehive) 2 handle (of a 6
sik 1.1 respected, honored 1.2 serious 1.3 dialect dull,
dish) obtuse; slow-witted 2 m. slow-witted person, dimwit
1 sku m. 1 7
cka f. taste (of food)
2 sak m. 1 stone bench 2 platform ska 1 2 as if, like
8
I thought
sukt m. Arabic silence, quiet that he would come today.
skor m. [usually plural skr] 1 coal (usually 9 sk dialect imperfect of
charcoal) 2 charred log, smouldering brand 10 ska Eastern imperfective imperative of
to torment oneself, be tormented 1 ski m. plural skis compound verb to
a to spoil someone's mood b to poison someone's joy ski
skork aj m. (hard) coal 2 skaj m. 1
skwst m. shearing (of sheep) 3 sikk plural of 1, 4
skwstl transitive skech m. 1 (rough) sketch, free-hand drawing 2 sketch
1 skwl 1 transitive 2 m. plural shearing ski kawnkaj m. skier
sheep shearing sheep-shearing season 1 skim m. sack, bag
2 skawl transitive 2 skim m. scheme, plan; project, design
3 skwul m. regional school skindab m.
4 skwl present stem of skind f. medicine splint, cast
skwlgr m. shearer (of sheep) skindab m. osteopath, bone-setter
skwall transitive [past: ] to shear (sheep) 1 sag m. dog
skum m. 1 2 sag dialect 2
sukn m. Arabic peace and quiet, calm, tranquility sig l m. 1 imagination 2 suspicion 3 enmity, hatred 4
to deprive someone of peace and quiet speech, word
sukunt m. Arabic 1 residence sigrt m. plural cigarettes
compound verb to live, dwell, inhabit compound verb sigr m.
to settle (down), take up residence 2 peace and quiet, calm(ness), sigradn f. cigarette case, cigar case
tranquility; immobility sigra m. plural smoker, cigarette smoker
skun ra f. sigr m. cigarettes cigarette
skunl transitive [past: ] 1 to pinch, nip, tweak sigrewl m. vendor of cigarettes, cigars
2 to pinch something off, pick something off sagk m. 1 buckle; hook; fastening 2 mole cricket (insect)
skna f. nip, pinch, tweak sugl f. [plural: sugli] winter boots made of rawhide
440
saglw m. m. otter greetings Please accept my

suglj f. greetings. to bow down low to someone
sagw n, sagu n m. teak tree saying Without greetings there's no conversation 2 peace,
1 sag f. calm 3 m. proper noun Salyam
2 sga f. 1.1 means, capital 1.2 profit 1.3 allotment of land salmlk m. 1 exchange of pleasantries; exchange of
2 attributive acquired; gathered; obtained greetings 2 nut grass, coco grass, Cyperus rotundus
sgaj m. Eastern idiom to associate with, to be friends
1 sil, sill m. Arabic tuberculosis pulmonary salmt Arabic 1 m. .1 rest, peace, calm, quiet, tranquility
tuberculosis tuberculosis of the bones with complete tranquility 1.2 health 2 attributive
He has the onset of tuberculosis. .1 safe, sound; healthy ! Good-bye! (on parting);
2
sal m. raft, float Bless you! (upon sneezing) 2.2 sufficient, enough 3.1 all right,
3
sl 1 numeral (one) hundred (100) one hundred well, safely 3.2 everything as a whole
five (105) 80% one hundred thousand salmatj f. calm, quiet, tranquility
(100,000) century 2 m. [plural: slgna, sal m'aljkum Arabic greetings to you (on meeting and
sawna and slh ] hundred by parting); hello I greeted him.
the hundreds; hundreds hundreds of Pashtoons salm 1 greetings, regards 2 salute (by guns)
saying to lather a hundred heads and compound verb to salute 3 review of troops
shave nary a one Apparently he to inspect the troops
doesn't deserve complete trust. slw m. Slav
to ask
sal f. advice, counsel; instructions slw Slavic
advice of someone compound verb to consult, slj, salj f. f. 1 small stick for applying antimony
confer, take counsel compound verb to give advice 2 history large needle (with which people pierced the eyes of their
What do you advise now? enemy) 3 vertical axle of a water-lifting wheel 4 rod, stem,
salbr m. interest; profit spindle
salbal without rhyme or reason; for no reason at all, without salb m. Arabic 1 taking away, depriving 2 denial, negation
cause to act without thinking compound verb
sal f. 1 cattail root 2 kind of tomato salad to deprive someone of tranquility, violate someone's peace
sil h f. Arabic [plural: aslih] weapons, arms, and quiet compound verb
armament to lay down one's arms salbawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
silhkhn f. arms depot, arsenal deprive, take away
silhk13 m. obsolete stacks (rifle) to stack salb Arabic 1 negative lack, shortage, deficiency
arms 2 lazy, inactive
salrz m. plural 1 Salarzai (a tribe in Badzhaur) 2 m. a salbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
Salarzaj deprived of 2 to be lost, be forfeited
salr f. salry f. 1 striped silk 2 shawl, veil sal m. 1 shield 2 trench, entrenchment
salsm m. sl f. fortification, breastwork, parapet
m. plural Arabic of silh f.
salsn lynx silahshr 1 m. fighting man, soldier knights
saltn m. plural Arabic of 2 martial, warlike, bellicose
salgraj m. advisor, counsellor silahshor f. bellicosity, warlike character
sull f. Arabic 1 dynasty 2 posterity compound verb to be warlike, be bellicose
sallj f. salkh m. Arabic last day of the lunar month
sal m m. Arabic 1 regards, greetings the sildir dzh m. men's long underpants, underwear
ceremony of hearing the national anthem compound silsil-i-bul m. plural diabetes
verb compound verb a to greet silsiltn Arabic 1 at the command of 2 through channels
someone; welcome b to salute to silsil f. Arabic [plural: silsil and m. plural
convey greetings compound verb a to greet, welcome b salsl] 1 consistency; system
Eastern present arms! to send greetings a to through channels, through the chain of command
reply to a greeting b to submit to, resign oneself to c to convey compound verb to observe the order of priority 2 session 3
441
series 4 chain, row, line 5 duration 6 chain (of mountains), 3 sla 3

mountain range 7 genealogy, pedigree slaraj, slaraj m. brick maker
selsijs m. Celsius 100 degrees 1 salj m. ring
Celsius 2 slaj m. dialect
sult n m. Arabic [plural: sultn n and Arabic 3 salj f. ramrod, ram; spit
saltn] 1 king; sultan 2 proper noun Sultan 4 slj f. pile, heap
salt na f. proper noun Sultana salipr m. 1 slippers 2 railroad cross-tie, bridge tie
sultn king's, regal, royal; sultan 1 slt full, filled compound verb to fill
saltant m. Arabic 1 kingdom, realm, sultanate 2 royal 2 slet m. m. 1 slate (board, for writing on) 2 (roof)
authority; sultan's power compound verb to reign, rule slate
saltanat royal court slikh slkh, salkh slikht salkht 1 m.
sult f. Arabic 1 power, authority 2 state, power .1 glue 1.2 viscosity, stickiness 2 sticking, adhering
salf m. Arabic [plural: asl f] 1 predecessor, slekhtn k sticky; viscous
forerunner, precursor 2 ancestor, forefather
slz ordinal hundredth
sulfr m. plural sulfur sals Arabic 1 clear, intelligible, easy to understand 2
slkaln slkalany centenary, centenial,
expressive
centuries-old, secular
sliht m. sleht m.
slg m. harvested wheat before threshing saliq f. Arabic 1 taste (sense of the fine and elegant) 2
slgj, sulgj f. 1 death rattle 2 sobbing loud inclination, disposition; attraction
sobbing compound verb a to wheeze b to
slka f.
sob The day is drawing to a close.
salm Arabic 1.1 peaceful, peaceable; gentle, meek, humble
slgedl intransitive [past: ]to snort 1.2 well, unharmed, safe 2 m. proper noun Selim
1 selm m. Arabic trade fixed-term transaction, business deal salim-ut-tb' peaceful, peaceable; gentle, meek, humble
for the delivery of goods at a specified date
salim-ul-'aql Arabic of sound mind
2 slm ordinal hundredth sulim n, sulejm n m. proper noun Solomon; Suleiman
3 slm m. family, tribe Suleiman range
salm n m. proper noun Salman sulejmnkhl 1 m. plural Suleimankheili (a tribe) 2 m. a
salmn m. barber Suleimankheil
silamch m. 1
sulimn, sulimnj m. Arabic 1 history Suleimani
slmshr m. lieutenant of cossacks, cossack squadron (nickname of Afghans) 2 hoopoe (bird)
commander
2 slemnj, sulemnj f. onyx
1
salm f. surprise, astonishment, amazement seljulz m. cellulose
compound verb to be surprised, be astonished, be amazed
1 sam 1 straight, direct, even straight road
2 slma feminine singular of centenary perfectly straight 1.2 correct, true, real true cause
silndr m. 1 cylinder 2 tank, bottle (e.g., for oxygen) My supposition proved to be correct. 1.3 honest, decent
slna f. infertile woman decency, honesty 1.4 concordant with something,
silingrz m. electronic socket (on the ceiling) consonant with something ... according to 1.5
salwgh f. [plural: salwgh] 1 bucket, pail accurate, direct direct hit 2 quite, totally, completely
to draw water from a well with a bucket 2 very good, best entirely correct hill and

dale regionalism right hand
salotr m. Eastern veterinary, veternarian 2 sum m. hoof
sulk m. Arabic 1 mode, manner 2 treatment of someone, 3 sam, samm m. Arabic poison, venom, toxin
behavior in relation to someone compound verb to
4 sm Western present first person singular of 2
treat someone
sam f.
suluk pleasant, well-mannered, urbane, polite, courteous sumtr f. Sumatra
1 sell m. biology cell sams f. patty, pastry
2 sulawl transitive sam ' f. Arabic 1 listening, hearing out; attention 2 hearing
1 sla f. 1 brick 2 pig, ingot, billet 3 casting 3 song
2 sal f. botony awn, beard, barb, seta
442
sam't m. Arabic regional hearing, trying (a case) directly 1.3 outright, on the spot 2.1 immediate 2.2 direct, even
under the jurisdiction of compound verb to 2.3 rash, hasty 2.4 current (of expenditures)
hear a case, try a case samr m. Arabic 1 story, narrative 2 morning chat
sam 'a f. smirn f. Smyrna history Izmir
sam' traditional samsr f. monitor (a lizard)
sum gh m. Arabic m. 1 botony sumac 2 samst f.
mineralogy porphyry samsar f.
somlilnd m. Somalia samsr 1 almost ripe 2 fresh, turned green 3 blooming,
sam w m. 1 justice, equity, fairness 2 correctness, rightness flourishing
smw t m. m. samovar samsortb m. samsorty f.
samwarch m. m. vendor of hot tea; tea-house samsorw lay m. 1 ripeness, maturity 2 freshness 3 flourishing
proprietor 4 planting of greenery
summ kh m. anatomy anus samsorawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
samb l 1 m. .1 finery, decoration, adornment 1.2 arranging, 1 to make fresh, force to turn green 2 to plant greenery 3 to
adjusting, settling 2.1 arranged, adjusted, settled 2.2 being at make blooming, make flourishing
hand, being within easy reach to hoard one's 1 samsor f.
money 2 samsraj m. (one's) equal, match
samblawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 samsoredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
to dress up, beautify, adorn compound verb to get to ripen, mature 2 to turn green 3 to bloom, prosper, flourish
dressed up 2 to arrange, adjust, settle 3 to prepare, make ready samsored m. plural
samblawna f. plural 1 decoration, adornment 2 prosperity of the country
arranging, adjusting, settling 1 samht m. smoothing, leveling; straightening
sambl f. putting into good order, regulating 2 smht m. envy; hostility, ill-will
domestic science, housekeeping cam', sam' f. Arabic hearing
sambledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 samk m. Arabic astronomy Pisces
to get dressed up 2 to be arranged, be adjusted, be settled saml saj immediate, pressing, urgent; near, forthcoming
samba f. rice kasha, rice porridge urgent measures
sambur paired word with samll sa
samos f. patty with filling, filled pastry 1 samn m. plural 1 jasmine 2 lily of the valley
smbl m. symbol 2 samn m. Eastern summons, subpoena (to court); court
1 sumb f. pole, staff (for a flag, banner) summons, subpoena compound verb to subpoena
1 samt m. Arabic 1 path, way 2 land, place 3 area, region samanbja f. darling, sweetheart
history Northern District of Kabul Province simn m. plural cement
( formerly) Southern Province ( formerly) simansz f. cement production
Eastern Province samnd 1 (of a horse's color) light bay, dun, cream-colored 2
2
samt sufficient, enough There is m. light-bay horse
enough water in this spring. 1
samandr, samundr m. 1 sea; ocean 2 proper noun
samtar f. Samandar
samturj m. saber 2 samandr m. 1 salamander 2 newt, eft
samt, simt regional, territorial, district samandrz m. silk taffeta
sama f. large turban samandar samandarz sea; ocean
smts f. smtsa f. [plural: smtsi] 1 cave, buoy lighthouse, beacon
cavern cave-men 2 sap, undermining samanl m. botony broomrape, Orobanche
smkh paired word with samang n m. Samangan, Simingan (the ancient name of
smkhstrgaj impudent, insolent, shameless; audacious Haibak) history Samangan Province
samdast samangj m. piece of cloth (on which dough is rolled out)
samdsamni f. saman m. malt
samdl sa samdm 1.1 now, at once, samna f. arranging, adjusting
immediately, instantly They set out at once. 1.2 completely
443
samw lay m. 1 straightness;

samw la f. samb l m.
evenness; smoothness 2 2 samblawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
samts f. dialect cave, cavern compound verb a to prepare for, get ready
samr m. Arabic 1 sable 2 marten for b to outfit oneself, set out on a journey 2 to draw up, form
samwazarwl straight-winged (of insects) (into ranks) 3 to equip, provide with
samawl 1 denominative, transitive [past: ] .1 to 2
sumbl m. 1 hyacinth 2 giant fennel 3 citronella (grass),
(make) level, (make) smooth, straighten 1.2 to improve someone, Cymbopogon nardus 4 poetic lock, curl, ringlet; curls
reform someone; make (someone) conscious of, bring something sumbul f. Arabic 1 astronomy Virgo (the constellation) 2
home (to someone) 1.3 to put right, settle, arrange (e.g., affairs); sumbula (the sixth month of the solar year; August-September)
put in order 1.4 to adjust, smooth (one's dress) 1.5 to put sunt, sunnt m. Arabic religion 1 sunna Sunni
(someone) on the right path 1.6 to lay, train (a gun, cannon), aim Moslems 2 circumcision compound verb a namaz (one
(at) 1.7 to regulate, adjust 2 m. plural .1 leveling, smoothing, of the daily prayers required by Islamic tradition) b
straightening 2.2 correction (of deficiencies) 2.3 putting right, compound verb 3 [plural: ]custom, rule
settling, arranging, putting into order 2.4 laying, training (of compound verb to cut, trim (a moustache, beard)
artillery pieces), aiming 2.5 regulating, adjusting santar f. tangerine, mandarin orange
samn m. 1 2 2 reform 3 system, order 4 santr, santar m. Eastern colloquial sentry, sentinel
accordance, conformity, correspondence ... to suntawl, sunntawl denominative, transitive [past:
correspond (with), conform (to), be in keeping (with) 5 military ]religion to perform the ritual of circumcision, subject
quartering, billeting someone to circumcision
samuntn m. military department of housing allowances sunat, sunnat f. religion circumcision
samunw l m. military chief of the department of housing sant-j g m. Santiago
allowances sunatedl, sunnatedl denominative, intransitive [past:
samawna f. ]religion to undergo circumcision
sma 1 feminine singular of 1 .1 straight line san f. 1 face 2 appearance, exterior
... more correct will be correct, right Ahmed is very swarthy.
1.2 plain; level place, level terrain 2 f. .1 plain, flat place, level 1
sandzh m. 1 weight 2 technology load
terrain hills and dales 2.2 correct, right (of a word) 2.3 2
sundzh desert, deserted, uninhabited; dismal, doleful
Sama (region of the Yousufzai land between the rivers Kabul, compound verb to devastate, lay waste (to), ravage
Buner and Swat) compound verb to be deserted, be uninhabited; (become) empty,
sma-takht lying on the back compound become deserted
verb to lie on the back; fall flat on one's back 3 sndzh m. parapet (on a flat roof)
samj f. technology plumb (line, bob) sandzh b m. sanj p m. squirrel
sammij t m. Arabic 1 poisoning 2 infectiousness sandzh gh m. sanj q m. pin hair-pin
samedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be sundzhtb m. sunjty f. desertedness, emptiness,
leveled, be smoothed, be straightened 2 to come to an awareness uninhabitability
3 to be put right, be settled, be arranged 4 to be trained, be laid sandzhsh m. 1 thinking over, deliberating, weighing;
(of an artillery piece), be aimed 5 to be regulated, be adjusted assessment, rating 2 measuring, measurement, taking stock of 3
simstr m. semester valuation; price
semin r m. seminar sundzhw laj m.
san m. Arabic 1 year 2 age in childhood sandzhawl transitive [past: ] 1 to think over,
1 sen f. senate senate deliberate, weigh 2 to seek, look for; think of, devise, invent;
2 san f. botony senna develop (e.g., a plan) to look for a way out 3 to
santorjm m. sanatorium assess; estimate, calculate to distinguish good from
1 sun r m. goldsmith, jeweller bad
2 san r m. sanar (an ancient coin with a value of 15 puls) 1 sndzha f. desert
1 sunr gold; gilded sandzhedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be deliberated,
2 sanr red, carmine, red in color be weighed 2 to be sought after, be devised; be developed (e.g., of
senrij f. scenario a plan) 3 be assessed; be estimated
sans m.
444
sandzhid 1 considered, thought through, weighed 2 sinkon f. bark of the cinchona tree
serious, well-founded, reasonable f.
sandzl transitive [past: ] 1 to pour out (water, 1 sng m. 1 whimpering (of a child)
etc.) 2 to vacate, empty whimpering to whimper 2 whine (of a bullet)
sandzla f. botony oleaster, Elaeagnus 2 sang m. stone (usually in word compounds)
1 sand m. Arabic [plural: sanadna and Arabic sng-i- philosophers' stone sng-i- foundation
asn d] 1 document; patent, license; deed, statement sng-i- marble sng-i- medicine stones
bond 2 diploma (in the urinary bladder)
2
sind m. sng f.
3
sind m. Sind (region around Kararchi, Pakistan) singpr m. Singapore
the Indus River sing r m. adornment, decoration
sind n m. anvil dressing room
sandkh m. singrbks m. dressing case, toilet case
sandrch 1 sandrgh ay 1 m. .1 singer 1.2 singrawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
musician 2 singing decorate, adorn
sandrgh e 1 f. singer 2 singing sangandz f. paving roads with crushed stone or gravel
sandrgj m. singer singw m. boat rudder
sandra f. 1 song 2 poem, verse compound verb
sangbr m. sangtar sh m. stonemason,
bricklayer; lapidary
a to sing b to compose songs
sand m. large camel sangtarsh f. stone cutting
processing stone
sandal f. locally manufactured cement (of broken brick, lime
and vegetable fibers)
sangtar f. tangerine, mandarin orange
sandalj f. brazier, hearth; sandali to
sangd n m. stomach (in birds), crop, craw
warm oneself by the brazier, warm by the hearth
sangdl cruel, brutal, pitiless, ruthless, heartless, hard-
hearted, callous
sindanj
sandkh m. sangdil cruelty, brutality, ruthlessness, heartlessness,
callousness
sandr m. cinnabar
sandj m. tulip sangr m. 1 breastworks; rampart; fortification (work)
sindh m. 1 Sind (region around Kararchi, Pakistan) 2 the
compound verb to build fortifications, erect a rampart 2
rock, cliff They are brothers-in-arms.
Indus River
1 sind 1 Sind 2 f. Sindhi (the language) sangrez f. 1 gravel 2 pebbles
2 sandj m. tulip sangrez f.
sanadjft one who has received a degree (of higher sangrish f. alabaster
education); graduated (from college)
sanga f. boulder, large rock
1 sn m. ginger sangzn
2 sun m. sangs r m. history stoning (a form of capital punishment)
3 sun m. plural 1 viscose, rayon 2 hemp sangshoj f. washing of rice compound verb
to wash rice
san m. water buffalo
sans, san saj m. 1 beggar 2 caste of Indian fakirs sangl f.
sanl m. sandal sangl kh 1.1 stony, rocky 1.2 difficult, hard 2 m. rocky
terrain
1 san m.
saying Eastern when masters fall out, their men get the clout
sangp m. (turning) somersaults, somersaulting
(literally: the water buffalo fought, but the grass and stones
sangoj m. young hare, leveret
suffered)
sangorka f. iron net for scalding currents or
2 sna f. desert hen, desert chicken sangoj chubby, plump
sanskrt m. Sanskrit sangah r m. 1 whimpering 2 whistling (of bullets)
sinfonj f. symphony sang stony, rocky
sank m. proper noun Sanak sangn 1 m. Eastern bayonet ! Fix bayonet! 2.1
stone; paved 2.2 stony 2.3 serious 2.4 figurative heavy
445
sanginb r m. military supply train, unit transport 1 sawr mounted; cavalry cavalry division
sangindl cruel, ruthless, heartless 2 sur f. soiree, evening party
sunn m. Arabic plural of 3 and 2 swst Western second person plural past of 1, 3
sanaw t m. Arabic plural of 1 su'isti'm l m. Arabic incorrect use of something; abuse,
snawl transitive [past: ] to swing, rock, shake misuse of something
1 san f. Arabic [m. plural sanaw t] year
su' l colloquial sw l, suw l m. Arabic [plural:
The Awaken Youth suwlna and Arabic su'l t] 1 question
Movement started in the year 26 in Kandahar. solar question mark correspondence;
year lunar year conversation; communication proverb one ill
2 sunn f. Arabic turn deserves another 2 request compound verb a to
sanamak m. plural Alexandria leaf, Alexandria senna ask b to beg alms
1 sunn 1 Sunn 2 m. Sunni (a member of the Sunni branch of swlgr m. beggar; cadger
Islam) suwl, sul 1.1 asking, inquiring 1.2 interrogative,
snj f. woolen thread, woolen yarn
2
inquiring, questioning 2 m. .1 beggar; cadger 2.2 usurer
sanjs m. Hindu ascetic; righteous man 1 suw n light, easy
sunnitb m. Sunni, Sunnism 2 suw n m.
snedl intransitive [past: ] to swing, rock, fluctuate sawnih m. Arabic plural of
seneg l m. Senegal suwnk r m.
sunnigalw f. m. Sunni, Sunnism suwnkr f.
1 sa m. 1 jute 2 flax 1 sw ng, saw ng m. 1 disguise, disguising; pretense 2
2 s m. ginger imitation compound verb a to disguise oneself;
si f. plural pretend, feign, simulate b to imitate
1 su' Arabic 1 m. evil 2.1 bad; evil 2.2 malicious 2.3 2 suw ng m. malt
ominous, sinister 3 evil, bad a abuse, misuse b sw ngj m. 1 pretender 2 imitator 3 follower
mismanagement suwn 1 f. lightening, easing; lightness, ease 2 light, easy,
2
swa 4 lightened, eased, mitigated
3
su Western 1 present perfective first person plural of 2, 3 swj Western 1 potential and conditional forms, past tense of
2 past of 2,3 3 She could not refuse. 2 sometimes
4
so pronoun dialect used in place of the present
5
su dialect 1 wounded; hurt, injured, bruised 2 emaciated, 1 swab 1 ready, prepared
skinny the troops are prepared for defense. 2 expecting
1 sw f. fennel, dill compound verb to be waiting, be in readiness
2 siw Arabic without, besides, with the exception of 2 swb m. 1 2 anxiety, worry, alarm, agitation
3 sw f. extortion 3 suwb m. cure, medical treatment; remedy (for an illness)
sawbiq m. Arabic plural of sob aj m.
swbj f. Swabi sobt m. 1 2 song (with instrumental
swt m. Swat accompaniment) 3 merriment, merry-making, high spirits
su'idzhr' t m. Arabic plural 1 abuse, misuse 2 compound verb to have a good time, enjoy oneself 4
mismanagement monetary collection (for the benefit of pupils in a madrasa)
sawhil m. Arabic plural of sobmn winning, conquering, prevailing
saw d m. Arabic 1 copy, duplicate 1 sba f. victory compound verb to win, conquer, be
certified copy, attested copy 2 list 3 copy (of a document) victorious
4 rough draft, rough copy 5 literacy 6 suburbs 2 sub f. 1 well, shaft (of a kahriz) 2 arch, span (of a bridge)
su'idr f. Arabic inability to organize, lack of 3 sba quiet, calm
administrative abilities, mismanagement sup m. entrance (hall), entryway, vestibule, anteroom
sawrk r m. 1 rider, horseman; dzhigit (skilled horseman, supr m. plural betel (nut)
trick rider); equestrian 2 jockey suparoks j m. chemistry peroxide
1
swr m. Eastern plural of 2 supersonk with supersonic speed, having supersonic
2
suwr f. 1 stem, stalk 2 stuble, stubble field speed a supersonic aircraft
446
1 supj m. male monkey swadznkaj 1 present participle of 1 2.1 igniting,

2 supj f. monkey, marmoset used for starting fire incendiary bomb 2.2 sultry, hot,
sawt m. torrid (of the weather)
sutrag f. cleanness; neatness, tidiness swadzawna f. 1 burn, scald 2 burning (down, out),
sutr clean, neat, tidy incinerating
sutrj f. Eastern string, twine swadzedl intransitive [present: past: ] to
su'tafhm m. Arabic misunderstanding burn; burn down, burn out
Between them there is complete agreement. swadzedna f. 1 fire, conflagration 2 burning; combustion
sut m. tracking dog, bloodhound; police dog, work(ing) dog swadzednkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. fuel
1 saw m. 1 person who guards shephards' things 2 army sokht m. 1 burning 2 combustion 3 figurative bitterness
cook, camp cook sokht 1 burned (down, out) 2 burned, scorched 3
2 su m. suit dress coat exhausted, worn-out to tire, wear someone out
sub 1.1 sullen, gloomy, morose; sour, dissatisfied 1.2 sukhr m. spite, malice; hostility, ill-will
strongly bound, strongly attached to make skha f. fillet meat fillet
someone very attached (to oneself) 2 wholesale, indiscriminately sukhj-pukhj 1 scalded 2 boiled (until) soft
swizarlen m. Switzerland compound verb a to be scalded b to be boiled
suk m. 1 (until) soft, be overcooked
suka f. corn-cob sukhl transitive
sukj m. 1 land mark(er), boundry mark(er); border post, sawkhz m. sovkhoz, state farm
frontier post 2 kind of embroidery sukhawl transitive [past: ] 1 to injure, wound
suks m. regional trunk, suitcase 2 to break, chop, split, pierce, perforate, puncture 3 to stuff with
som r peddler; hawker something, fill with something 4 to blow one's nose
1 su f. dialect bread sukhedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to hiss (of a boiler)
2 sa f. offspring (of animals) 2 to be pierced, be punctured 3
3 so f. sud m. 1 a benefit; gain b profit, income, receipts 2 interest
soam r 1 pugnacious 2 m. pugnacious fellow, one who compound verb to collect interest 3 usury
likes fighting to practice usury, engage in usury purchases
1
soj m. [plural: so and soiy n] 1 staff, 1 sawd f. Arabic [plural: sawdg ni and
crook, stick; club, bludgeon, cudgel 2 agriculture flail 3 flint 4 sawd wi] 1 concern, anxiety, nervousness to be
male member, penis concerned about someone, worry about someone; become anxious
2 soj f. 1 4 about someone 2 thought, idea compound verb to
sudzh semolina become thoughtful, be lost in thought, to ponder a
1 such worried, anxious b deep in thought, pondering 3 desire,
2 swich m. aspiration to satisfy someone's desire 4 love;
3 such m. 1 thought, reflection 2 guess, guessing strong passion 5 melancholy 6 bile, strong irritation 7
such 1.1 pure, uncontaminated 1.2 irreproachable, despondent, low spirits, depression
blameness, unstained 1.3 dialect unfortunate; ominous, sinister 2 2
sawd f. 1 purchase, purchased goods
completely, entirely, quite, totally compound verb to buy something 2.1 trade, commerce;
suchaw laj m. 1 purity, state or quality of being without commercial 2.2 trade, deal, sale and purchase
contaminants 2 irreproachability, blamelessness compound verb a to go shopping b to bargain; trade (in), to
schi m. Sochi engage in commerce
swadz present stem of 2 3 sod f.
swadzlaj burned down, burned out sod t virtuous; righteous
swadznd 1 burning, smarting, scorching, parching, broiling sawdgr m. [plural: sawdgr and
2 disturbing, nerve-racking sawdgar n] merchant, tradesman, businessman
swadzawl transitive [past: ] to burn (down, sawdgar f. trade, commerce
out), incinerate sud n m. Sudan
sawdj 1 maddened, crazy (from love) 2 obsessed
(by an idea) 3 melancholy; sad 4 mistrustful, suspicious
447
sawdjitb m. suspiciousness; surbuj 1 red 2 rosy, ruddy

mistrustfulness surplaj m. surpaly f. 1 nettle 2 regional velvet
sudkh ra m. usurer bean, Mucuna pruriens 3
sudgn quiet, calm surpstaj red-skinned
sudgna f. f. peace, rest; calming, quieting, soothing 1 surt m.
sudmn sudmnd advantageous; useful; profitable 2 sort m. 1 sort, kind, variety, grade, quality, brand 2
sudmand f. advantage, gain, benefit; profit; sorting, grading compound verb to sort, grade
advantageousness, usefulness, profitability sortband f. sortkr f. sorting, grading
1
sawad f. 1 basket 2 wicker lid, wicker cover sortm n m. assortment, variety, range
2
sud f. 1 obstruction, jam 2 medicine volvulus, twisted surdzh f.
bowels surts tskaj m. species of snake
3
compound verb
sud 1 (finely) ground, powdered surkhchkaj m. 1 piece of sirloin 2 ruddy man
to grind, crumble finely, mince compound verb to be to wash up properly
fine-ground; be finely crumbled, be minced boiled surkhka f. snipe
rice 2 abraded, worn away (of a horse's hoof) surkhlaj blood-thirsty
4
sda f. comfort, comforting, consolation; consoling; quiet, surkh f. variety of wheat
calm, quieting, calming 1 surkh f. 2
5
sud 2 surkhj m. bay horse
6
sod f. soda, sodium carbonate surdalj m. windhover, kestrel (a bird)
so f. 1 soda water 2 soda surs t m. history provisions (furnished to troops by the
sor 1 m. .1 wild boar, wild hog; hog, pig 1.2 abusive pig, population)
swine 2.1 lazy 2.2 ill-mannered, unpolished, uncouth 2.3 surs nda f. surs nday m. 1 mountain flower 2
pigheaded, stuborn, willful heather
sora 1 f. swine 2 feminine singular of 2 surstrgaj irritated, angered; angry; irritable
swa 1 paired word with 2 intrigues, machinations, sursraj red, red-haired
crafty designs sursurka f. 1 fireworks 2 strong wind, hurricane
1
sor m. Eastern sursh n reddish
2
sor Eastern surgh aj with a red border (of a shawl)
3
sur, sor m. plural history 1 Suri Dynasty 2 Suri tribe surghwgaj m. amaranth, Amaranthus polygamus
4
sur m. sur (a variety of karakul)
su'raft r m. bad conduct, bad behavior
abuse of power
5
sr, sr, m. plural: sr f. plural: sre]
sur [f.
surkan f.
1 red, scarlet stained with blood 2 ruddy (of the face)
surkok m. red rose
3 burning hot, incandescent 4 bay (horse's color) 5 ardent
surkun f. girl who cuts her hair (who is not yet
infidel to fly into a rage compound
betrothed)
verb a to make red, paint red b to fry, roast, broil c to make red
1
surkj 1 diminutive red; scarlet 2 reddish-brown, rust (-
hot, make incandesce d to set on, hound, urge on
colored) red ant
compound verb 1 6 sterile (of a ram, a billy-goat)
surkj f. cherry (the fruit)
2
to give a complete set of furniture in a dowry
surgl m. red rose
to bring as a dowry complete furnishings (carpets, etc.)
surglaj m. kind of greenery
sur m. hot desert sur-guldz rosy and plump
surghzj m. botany Catha edulis (kind of shrub) surl m. chestnut horse
sur n m. 1 simoom 2 medicine bulimia surl saj m. law murderer, killer
surn wailing, howling; screeming, yelling surl n m. wolfhound
sur surlakj f. redstart (bird)
surbing m. singular & plural tomato(es) surlamne f. woman who has died in childbirth
surb d m. sorln shady
surbakhn reddish surln m. 1 jackal 2 Surland (a tribe)
surbaj red, red-haired surlanj m. jackal
448
swarlanj m. 1 rider, horseman; cavalryman 2 horse 6

sor f. plural cries, wails compound verb to
trainer, horse breaker 3 jockey cry, wail, shout, howl
swarl f. 1 ride, riding compound verb to go in surij f.
for horseback riding 2 retinue 3 cavalcade 4 passenger 5 rider surj nga f. oriole
swarlim r m. horseman, rider surjta f. history 1 concubine 2 female slave or captive
surmj who has borne the master a child
1 surmkh f. honor, glory suredl intransitive [past: ] 1 to become red, turn
1
2 surmkhaj rubicund, ruddy (of the face) red 2 to fry, roast, broil 3 to incandesce 4 to get angry, be
surmanaj m. cockroach angry, fly into a rage 5 to undertake a business with zeal 6 to feel
surml m. feather grass, spear grass shy, be ashamed
surmegj m. red ant 2 swaredl denominative, intransitive Eastern
sorn shady sur-samb ur all full of holes, riddled with holes
surn f. 1 oboe 2 flute surj- surj full of holes, holey
surnch m. oboist, flutist surij f. Syria the Syrian Arabic
surindzh n m. botony 1 meadow saffron, autumn crocus Republic, SAR
2 merendera (a medicinal plant) so [f. sa, m. plural: s, f. plural: sa] 1
surnichj m. pink worm, pink bollworm cold, cool at the cold times of the year
surng m. 1 sap, undermining 2 tunnel He has cold hands. 2 cold, indifferent
sur f. indifference coolness, sluggishness, apathy,
sur ch m. phlegm to be cool, be indifferent
surw laj m. 1 redness, the color red 2 daybreak, dawn; to view dispassionately, regard with indifference 3 unattractive
glow (of a person) 4 stern, severe, cruel 5 lazy
sorawr wide, broad on a wide front so m. 1 awkward man, clumsy guy 2 lazy person 3 coward
surwgaj m. red wheat so-b sad, saddened, melancholy
1 surawl transitive [past: ] 1 to set on, sic on (a sobj m. sobuy f. stink, stench, foul
dog, etc.) 2 to infuriate odor
2 swarawl denominative, transitive Eastern s-p unsympathetic
1 swar f. history daughter or female slave who has been to kill with one blow to fall down in a heap
given in exchange for a kidnapped wife or daughter He fell in a dead faint.
2 sur f. sura (a chapter of the Quran) sotj f.
3 sur f. ammoniac plant (medicinal plant) sosk m. [plural: sosk n] corn bread
4 sor f. 4 so-smkh
5 swar Eastern feminine singular of 2 sofkra phlegmatic
1 sur m. plural history the Suri dynasty (in medieval India) somej cold, indifferent
2 sur m. large sack sun 1 lying, false 2 m. liar
3 surj 1 m. .1 hole, slit; opening, orifice 1.2 burrow, hole so-ng [f. sa-nga, m. plural:
2 full of holes, holey, worn-out, torn compound verb a s-ng, f. plural: sa-nga] quite cold, cold as ice
to stab, pierce; make holes in; punch a hole in sow laj m. 1 cold; coolness fall in
perforator b to dig through, burrow through temperature 2 figurative coldness, indifference
compound verb a to be pierced; wear through; be worn-out, be soawl denominative, transitive
torn b to be burrowed through to (try to) find a way 1 sa f. 1 slit, crack; hole 2 burrow 3 precipice
out (of a difficult or embarrassing situation, etc.) 2 sa f. syphilis
compound verb to seek refuge 1 si f. plural lie, falsehood
4
sraj m. shady spots 2 si plural of 1, 2
compound verb a to shade b to darken, obscure, black out 3 suj m. 1 compound verb a to pierce;
a to be concealed, be hidden in the shadows b to seek make a hole b to dig, dig through, burrow through
refuge to dry in the shade soedl denominative, intransitive
5 surj feminine singular of 1 2 sawaz free, unrestricted; idle, vagrant
su-sambu
449
1
soz f. 1 burning 2 woe, sadness; grief, sorrow; melancholy, sawgh t m. present, gift compound verb
anguish spiritual anguish 3 zeal, ardor, diligence to give a gift, offer a present
compound verb a to be animated, be inspired, be full of sawght gift, present [attributive]
enthusiasm b to get excited sogh laj, sugh laj m. rabbit hole, hare's burrow
2 swaz present stem of 2 sughdzj f.
soz k m. gonorrhea soghl intransitive 1
soz n 1 burning, scorching 2 sad, melancholy, sorrowful
sughn 1 wheezing, snorting, puffing, breathing hard through
sawzbr m. the nose 2 m. snotty person, snot-nosed person
sozsh m. sozht m. 1 burning; combustion 2
sughawl transitive [past: ] 1 to draw
1
agitation, anxiety, uneasiness; care, concern 3 vexation,

something up into the nostrils 2 to sniff 3 to wheeze, snort,
annoyance, distress; pain
breathe hard through the nose 4 to cause to sniff
sozn m. needle; pin 2 sughawl transitive
sozn k 1 sughedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to wheeze, snort,
sozank m. striker, striker pin; firing pin breathe hard and loudly through the nose 2 to sniff
suznj sozn f. 1 tape (with which a baby is bound when 2 sughedl intransitive
being swaddled) 2 shawl
sawq m. Arabic 1 sending, dispatching; direction 2 moving,
swazawl transitive transferring, shifting (e.g., troops) 3 conducting, waging
sawz, soz f. 1 gore, gusset (in a dress) 2 ax (combat); leading (troops) directing, leading,
1 sawz m. plural 1 greens, vegetables 2 spinach management (of a military operation) combat
2 sozj m. basket with a small opening regulations for the infantry compound verb a to be
3 sawz, soz plural of sent, be dispatched b to be transferred, be shifted (of troops)
swazedl intransitive Eastern to
sawq-ul-dzhjsh m. strategy
envy someone, be consumed by envy of someone
sawq-ul-dzhajsh 1 f. strategy 2 strategic
swazed m. plural burning su' qsd m. Arabic attempt (at, on), encroachment (on,
sogm
f.
upon) compound verb to make an attempt (on
sus m. dolphin
1
someone's life), attempt to assassinate someone
2 sus m. petty thief, pilferer sawqij t m. plural Arabic 1 sending, dispatching 2
suskedl intransitive [past: ] to tremble, shiver,
shifting, moving (e.g., troops)
shake, quiver
1
suk m. [plural: sukna and Western dialect
sosn m. Arabic [plural: sosan n] 1 lily 2 iris
1
suk n] 1 fist compound verb to knead (dough)
2 sosn leggy, lanky to strike with the fist compound
sosan violet, lilac, dark blue eggplant verb to be beaten (up) compound verb to make a fist 2
susj f. 1 susi (a striped fabric of cotton or silk) 2 punch with the fist 3 stump, stub to settle or
sosilst m. socialist arrange, matters in a careless or slipshod way
sosilist 1 socialist(ic) 2 socialism 2 siwk m. smouldering brand, firebrand, charred log
sosilzm m. socialism 3 swak m. cold wind
sosjolodzhik sociological sawklj f. calm, quiet, peacefulness, tranquillity
sosjolo f. sociology skre Sucre
sosjoloik sociological suk m man with a thin beard and moustache
sshalist sukk m.
soshjlzm m. suk f. 1 drought 2 crop failure
1 swahtj, suhtj m. corner of the mouth suklj m. mollycoddle, milksop
2 swahtj m. textiles shuttle sukmk wrinkled to sit all huddled up
su' aml m. Arabic 1 evil deed, heinous crime 2 1 swka f. charred log
misdemeanor
2 sawk 1 f. rest, peace 2 quietly, gently, slowly
1
sugh, sogh m. 1 snuff compound verb to take
on the sly
snuff 2 pinch of snuff
3 ska f.
2
sugh, sogh m. ; shaking
1 ski to oppress someone
450
2 swakj m. nettle to hang from a gallows, string up b to impale on a stake 3 pole

3 swkaj m. firebrand, smouldering brand (acrobat's)
4 swakj f. plural pimples 4 sulj f. 2
ski-mki compound verb to tie suledl intransitive [past: ] 1 to grind off; be
someone up and give him a beating obliterated, be effaced; wear out 2 to go to ruin (of the teeth) 4 to
sog m. dew be sawed
sawgt stingy, greedy, grasping 1
swam m. 1 eye of a needle 2 opening (of an earring)
sog 1 m. .1 braggart, boaster 1.2 miser, skinflint 2 stingy 2
2 1
swm Western past tense first person of
sugl f. sugla f. 1 sugly f. winter footwear 3
swm Western past tense first person of 3
2 suglj f. 4
sawm hundredth two-hundredth three-
sawgnd m. oath, vow compound verb to swear hundredth
to, take an oath compound verb to cause to take an sumtr f. Sumatra
oath somliln m. somlilnd m. Somalia
1
sol m. reason, intelligence, mind sumbawr
2
swl 1 intransitive [present: past: ] .1 to burn sumb aj m. 1 (small) hole 2
1.2 to catch fire, flare up to ignite 1.3 to burn sumb kha f. sumba f. 1 hind part, back 2 seat,
oneself 1.4 figurative to wither, perish 1.5 figurative to pity, feel posterior, rump
sorry for They do not feel sorry for you. 1.6 sumbrghaj m. 1 door 2 window 3 hatch
transitive [past: ] a to burn (down) b to destroy sumbraj m. 1 small door 2 light opening (in the ceiling),
They took everything I have. 2 m. plural skylight
.1 burning fuel firewood; sumbl transitive [past: ] to stab with a pike
fuel 2.2 tanning, baking in the sun 2.3 fire, conflagration sumbawr broad in the beam, having a large rump
3 swl intransitive Western 1 sumb f.
4 sul m. greed, cupidity, stinginess, miserliness sumbj f. 1 anatomy anus 2 croup, crupper, hind quarters
sul gh m. hole; crack, slit swun m. 1 burning 2 fire, conflagration 3 fuel
sawl gh f. aviation fuel
sul nd sul nda, swaljn, swalnd 1 sun r m. goldsmith, jeweler
greedy, grasping, stingy 2 lustful, lewd, lascivious sunr red, cinnabar
sulna f. hollow, depression sumb f. 1 shaft (of a spear) 2 technology punch 3 funnel 4
1 swlo oblique plural of 2 2 military rammer, bore brush
2 swlu past tense, first person plural of 2 1 suna f.
sulawl transitive [past: ] 1 to rub; rub in; spread sunj suny-muny armless and legless
2 to erase (with an eraser) 3 to wipe, wear out, abrade 4 to saw sndzha f. desert
5 to sniff at everything idiom a to fall upon one's food sundz frightful, terrible
b to be a parasite, be a sponger c to be greedy, be grasping, be sundkh m. sundk m.
stingy 1 swandr m.
1 sla, sla f. peace in peacetime 2 sundr m. sandarac, gum juniper
a policy of peace to be reconciled snda f. 1 envy 2 suspicion; jealousy compound
with verb a to envy b to suspect; be jealous
swla Western imperfect, feminine singular of
2 3 1
sun m. plural regional 1 kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus 2
flax 3 viscose, rayon
3 swl Western imperfect, masculine singular of 3
sol-bol 2 sun m. dry ginger
sla khwahawnkaj soladst, sunk m.
sla ghuhtnkay peaceable, peace-loving sunk-munk m. final days of the month of
1 sli plural of 1
2 sul 1 sunmn taciturn, uncommunicative
3 sulj f. 1 gallows scaffold sna f. dialect
to hang someone 2 stake (instrument of execution) a
sun linen (of fabric)
swang m. burning liquid fuel
451
1
sung 1 wrinkled compound verb to wrinkle, 7 swa f. dialect female hare, doe hare
pucker 2 numb with cold compound verb a to sohgn f. 1 favorite wife 2 young bride (during the
wrinkle, pucker b to become numb from the cold nuptials)
sung m. weeping, crying
2
soh n m. 1 file compound verb to file with a
3 sung m. kind of flat cake baked on a rock file; scrape 2 rasp 3 grater
sung- mung 1 sohnk r m. metal-worker, fitter, mechanic; locksmith
sungl m. sobbing sohnkr f. metal-working; locksmithing
sungn whining sohngj m. small file, file
sung 1 suha f. incoherent speech, gibberish, ravings
1 sungj m. 1 dwarf, pigmy 2 short and stout person 1 swaj m. 1 burning 2 sizzling compound verb to
2 songj, sungj burn (intransitive) My face is burning. 3
3 sungj m. 1 short-eared ram 2 earthenware dough trough, figurative ardor, zeal, fervor, diligence 4 figurative anxiety, alarm
kneading trough 2
soj m. [plural: ] hare rabbit
1
swna f. to plan something in secret
2
son f. wild duck, mallard 3
swaj 1 past participle of 2 2.1 aggrieved, disappointed
3
son f. horse fly 2.2 sad, sorrowful, grievous
1
su m. plural 1 4
swaj Western past participle of 3
2
su m. 1 puffing, wheezing, snorting 2 blowing one's nose 5
swe f. plural of 1
3 pinch of snuff compound verb 6
sow f. plural of 3
when one is intimidated by someone 7
swe Western past tense second person singular and third
sug f. sobbing person feminine plural of 3
suawl transitive [past: ] 1 to clear one's nose, sowt sow 1 m. the Soviet Union 2 Soviet
blow one's nose 2 to sniff (e.g., snuff) 3 to suck in, drink in, the Soviet Government Soviet Russia
absorb 4 to inhale, breathe in swer m. sweater
suh r m. puffing, wheezing, snorting swizarlnd m.
1 su 1 viscose, rayon viscose fabrics, rayons 2 sowesm m. Soviet regime, Soviet power
sowe Soviet
2 suj f. lying compound verb to throw dust in swich m. [plural: swichna and Western
the eyes swich n] technology switch
suedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to smell (of); reach compound verb to switch on (electric current)
(of an odor) 2 to be inhaled, be breathed in 3 to be sucked in, be swichbr m. technology switchboard
drawn in, soak into, be absorbed swdn m. Sweden
1 swo oblique plural of 4 sweda in place of
2 swu Western past tense first person plural of 3 swidi in place of
suw n 1 swajdj in place of
sowkhz m. state-run farm swn m.
swor Eastern 1 swian, swianj 1 Swedish 2 m. Sweden
swnkaj 1 present participle of 2 2 hot suiz m. the Suez Canal
steam suizarlen m. 1 m. Switzerland
sawna m. plural of 3 2 1 suis m. Switzerland
sow f. 1 2 suis m.
1 swa hoof sweshl transitive
2 sw m. plural 1 burning 2 incinerating 3 loss of crops
sojgh laj m.
(from drought)
sojka f. suslik, ground squirrel
3 sow f. decoration; attire, apparel suwl m. south
4 swa m. plural short form of 3 two hundred suwelj f. 1
three hundred 1 sawij f. Arabic 1 level raising the
5 swa past tense feminine of 3 standard of living 2 equality
6 sw past tense masculine of 2, 3
452
2
soj f. seedlings, shoots, sprouts (up to six weeks) suhult m. Arabic 1 lightness 2 easing, relief 3 security,
3
sja f. 1 doe hare 2 Eastern hare (in general) a provision, support (e.g., of military operations)
doe rabbit b rabbit security of movement (of troops)
se numeral three shwa f. mistake by mistake, erroneously
sah r m. morning end of the night compound verb to make a mistake, err to be
daybreak towards morning ! mistaken to err is human
Good morning! 1 sha f.
sahrstrga f. morning star; Lucifer (i.e., Venus) 2 sha f. clothesline
sahrg h m. sahrm l m. morning, morning time 3 sha f. patience, endurance
sahranj morning; morning sah compound verb a to look closely at,
newspaper observe carefully b to notice, to spot, observe, remark
sih m m. Arabic plural of 1 ] to suffer, endure,
sahedl intransitive [past:
sihm joint-stock (attributive) joint-stock undergo He is by no means
company eager to I am miserable without you.
sebarg f. clover, red clover suhjl m. Arabic 1 astronomy Canopus (the star) 2 south;
set r m. setar (a three-stringed musical instrument) south-west Autumn has come.
suharward, suhraward m. Sukhravardiya (the name of an suhla f. 1 sahel, suhel f. suhely f. 1 (female)
Islamic sect) friend; woman of the same age 2 servant girl, woman servant,
seshamb f. Tuesday maid 3 concubine
sefasl yielding three harvests a year 2 suhel south, southern
1 sahl Arabic easy, not difficult really easy sahm m. Arabic 1 participant to
2 sahl, shl 1 transitive verb [past: ] .1 to digest consider oneself as participating in a cause 2
(food) 1.2 to endure, suffer 2 sahim f. Arabic share, part to pay a share
sahl-ul-hzm Arabic easily digestible, easily assimilated (e.g., to the family budget)
digestible, light food 1 sj Western present tense second person plural of 3
sahlangr f. 1 light-heartedness, light-mindedness, 2 si m. plural 1 bran 2 fly eggs
frivolousness; carelessness 2 oversight, omission 3 relaxation, 3 si Western present tense of 3
indulgence to not give an easy time 4 se Western present tense second person singular of 3
sahledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be sj f.
digested (of food) sj dza f.
1
ash m and sih m] 1
sahm m. Arabic [plural: sajj h m. Arabic [plural: sayyh n and Arabic
share, part; participation ... to participate, sayyhn] 1 traveler; wanderer 2 tourist 3 explorer
take part, in 2 share (of stock) personal share sijht m. Arabic 1 journey, voyage; trip, excursion 2
ordinary share going around; detour 3 visit, visiting compound verb
2 sahm m. Arabic botony corymb, cyme a to travel, take a trip, make an excursion b to go around; make a
3 sahm m. terror, fear compound verb to frighten, detour c to visit
scare sajj ha f. 1 (female) traveler 2 (female) tourist
sahmn f. sajjh f.
sahmd r m. sahm larnkay m. 1 shareholder, sijdt m. Arabic 1 supremacy, rule, sway; power, authority
stockholder 2 partner shareholder of a company 2 sovereignty sovereignty
sahmgr inspiring fear, terror, frightening sajj r Arabic 1 wandering planet 2 mobile,
sahmn k dreadful, terrible; threatening, formidable portable field kitchen
sahna f. 1 digestion (of food) 2 patience, forbearance, field hospital
endurance 1
sj ra f. 1 shortness of breath He is short-
sahw m. Arabic 1 mistake; error; miss 2 clerical error, slip of winded. 2 asthma
the pen 3 slip of the tongue; error in counting, miscalculation 2 sajjr Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. planet
shwn Arabic by mistake, erroneously sijst m. Arabic 1 politics, policy; political line 2 conduct,
behavior (of a person) 3 diplomacy 4 management 5 capital
punishment, punishment to punish someone
453
sijsatph m. siysatd n politician, political sijhling f. scurvy sick

figure with scurvy
sijsatmad r 1 m. experienced politician; statesman 2 sjh, sijh f. inventory compound verb to
experienced in political matters register something compound verb to include
sijsatw l m. politician something in the inventory
sijs Arabic 1.1 political political economy sijh f. 1 ink black ink 2 blackness
1.2 diplomatic diplomatic relations 2 m. [plural: sjab m. roof, shelter; refuge, haven
]siysiyn political figure, politician seb m. [plural: sebna and seb n] apple
sijsij t m. plural Arabic 1 policy, politics; political sebstpol m. Sevastopol
issues 2 political science sebzd m. colloquial
sijsijn m. plural Arabic of 2 sajbirj f. Siberia
sij q m. Arabic 1 order 2 way, method 3 kind, sort 4 style sipr f. religion each of the thirty chapters of the
turn of speech 5 siak (a particular method of Quran
accounting) 1 sipj f. spoon
sjl m. 1 man of equal status; man of one's own circle; equal 2 sepj f. teaspoon
2 rival, competitor 3 sipj f. mother-of-pearl, nacre
sjl ni plural of 1 4 sipj f. selvage
sjltb m. rivalry, competition 1 sit m. history Scythian
sjldr f. 1 unwillingness to lag behind others 2 2 set m. 1 set (e.g., of crayons) 2 suite (of furniture) 3
exchange of gifts (between the relatives of the bride and grroom on instrument, apparatus radio receiver 4 set of
the occasion of the wedding) equipment
1
sj la feminine of 1 si m. place, seat
2
sj la f. 1 respite, breather 2 halt compound verb 2 se m. 1 money changer 2 (wholesale) merchant 3 banker
a to pause, take a breather b to make a halt 3 se m. 1
3 sajjl f. Arabic 1 electric current 2 flow, stream seh m. 2
sjl f. 1 competition, contest 2 unwillingness or reluctance sidzh thorough-bred, pure-blooded
to lag behind others 3 rivalry, competition to sedzl transitive [past: ] to burn (down, up); to
vie with someone, compete with someone to be incinerate
the equal of someone; compete with someone sajhn m. Arabic history Sayhun; Syr Darya (river)
sijntst m. 1 scientist, scholar 2 naturalist 1 sikh m. [plural: sikhna and sikh n] 1 ram
sij ns m. 1 science 2 the exact sciences rod, cleaning rod 2 spit (for roasting) 3 switch, twig
sijnc scientific scientists, scholars compound verb to seek, look for, search for
sij h 1 black 2 unhappy, unlucky 2
sikh 1.1 upright, erect, standing; protruding, jutting out 1.2
sijhbkht unfortunate, unlucky, unhappy, miserable stuffed, well packed, full, filled 2 straight, directly
sijhph m. history kafir-siyaposh to get down to business straightaway
sijhchshm m. hunting bird of the falcon family sikhp reared compound verb to rear (of a
sijhchb m. botony cotoneaster horse)
sijhkh k m. agriculture loose smut (caused by the sikhch f. 1 spit (for roasting) 2 history bayonet
fungus Ustilago tritici and Ustilago nigra) sikhdm m. pintail duck
sijhdm m. gray duck sikhk m. hairpin
sijhrz, sijhrz siyhrozg r unlucky, sikhl transitive [past: ] 1 to pierce; puncture;
unfortunate; ill-starred, ill-fated punch a hole in 2 to stuff; pack (with), fill (with) 3 to stuff into,
sijhrozgr f. f. siyhroz misfortune; cram into; shove into, push into
disastrous situation sikhlaj 1 pierced, punctured 2 stuffed, crammed full,
sijhkh m. Siyakhkukh (the name of various mountain filled; larded
ridges) sikhawl denominative, transitive
sijhgrd m. Siagird sikhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
sijhgsh m. karakal karakal hide stuffed, be crammed full
454
sajd m. Arabic [plural: sayid n and Arabic sifn m. siphon

sd t] 1 sayyid (a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad) 2 sek m. power, might grown weak
proper noun Sayyid sekrr m. secretary
sjd l m. proper noun Saidal sajka f. 1 percent(age); interest to lend
sajd f. Saido (the principal city of Swat) money at interest 2 coarse fabric (in a piece up to 100 gyaz in
sid straight, level compound verb to (make) even, length) 3 group; society
(make) level, straighten sekl transitive [past: ] 1 to heat (up), warm (up)
1
sajr m. Arabic 1 walk, stroll, taking a walk 2 motion, course; 2 to fry, roast, grill 3 to make a poultice
process; movement 3 detour route; orbit 19
sekn 1 m. revulsion, disgust, aversion, repugnance 2.1
2
ser m. lot, fate satiated, surfeited, sated proverb
3
ser, sir m. ser (a unit of weight equal to four charaks, regional Eastern one can be fed up with good food too 2.2 having an
equal to two English pounds) a Kabul ser (700 grams) aversion to food 2.3 weak, feeble, infirm
4 ser, sir satisfied, sated, full (up) sekwr strong, powerful
ser b irrigated, watered; with abundant water sik f. metallurgy lead
a fertile and well-watered valley compound sig r m. cigar
verb to fill with water; saturate, soak sigr m.
sjra-len f. Sierra Leone 1 sjl, sjl m. Arabic 1 walk, stroll 2 sight, spectacle, show
sirt m. Arabic 1 way of life; conduct, behavior 2 biography compound verb a to go for a walk b to see, look over,
serdzj m. progressive person, leading worker, advanced examine, survey; be a spectator to see the sights of
worker a city
sirdarj f. Syr Darya (river) 2
sil m. seal (the animal)
serzj m. 3
sel m. 1 flock compound verb to fly in flocks,
1 serlj m. child taken away from its mother flock together 2 mud flow, turbulent mountain stream 3 freshet,
2 serlj f. flood 4 downpour, heavy rainstorm
serm m. plural medicine serum 1 sil b m. syllable
serj f. pious foundation, property set aside for religious 2 sel b m. 2 to rush, gush
purposes to go against the current
seredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to eat one's selb 1 irrigated by flooding (of the soil) flood
fill, eat to satiety, be full, be sated plain, bottom land, flood lands 2 figurative stormy, rough,
sej f. 1
tempestuous, impetuous, swift impetuous movement
sezl transitive Eastern sil n m. 1 Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 2 granite
sezn f. 1 sajln, sajlnj m. 1 spectator, viewer 2 traveler,
sez present tense of 2 wanderer 3 proper noun Sailani
sig f. female mouflon 2 siln Ceylonese (Sri Lankan)
sist n m. Sistan Hamun Lake sel w m. 2 2, 3
sistm m. system colonial system selw f. long knife (weapon)
sistemtik systematic, regular sajlbn m. sayl kawnkay m. spectator,
sesmolo f. seismology viewer; visitor (e.g., of an exposition)
sis f metallurgy lead silagrajl m.
sisj f. desert hen, desert partridge sil f. 1 (grain) elevator 2 bread factory, large commercial
seshn m. regional session; sitting bakery (in Kabul) European-type bread
sajtar f. Arabic supremacy, domination, hegemony sejln, seln m. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
sajgh n m. Saigan and Kamerd district slwa f.
1 sajf m. Arabic [plural: suyf] 1 sword; saber 2 sla f. 1 devotion, adherence 2 support, backing, patronage 3
proper noun Saif friendship, friendly feelings; goodwill, kindness
2 sif m. trade sif a sif transaction compound verb to regard someone with favor, have kind feelings
3 sef m. 1 safety catch (e.g., on a revolver) 2 safe towards someone; stand up for someone
sajfull m. Arabic Saifulla silagr m. 1 adherent, devotee; supporter, advocate 2
sajf m. proper noun hypocoristic form of 1 2 patron
455
1
silj 1 adherent, devotee; supporter, advocate 2 patron sinkj f. arsenic sulfide yellow arsenic
2
silj f. 1 whirlwind; sand storm, dust storm 2 snow storm, sing r m.
blizzard singrbks m. dressing case
3 silj f. slap singrw la f. woman who dresses the bride
4 silj f. cord, line of goat hair singrawl transitive
5 selj f. rennet, starter for cheese seneg l m. Senegal
sim m. [plural: simna and Western sim n] 1 singw m. rudder, helm (of a boat, a ship)
wire, conductor, cable insulated wire singta f. black-cropped thrush
2 wire barbed wire electronic fuse 3 silver singaj m. powder flask
sim f. appearance, aspect; face, physiognomy singj f. small sheat fish
true face sinim , sinam f. [plural: sinimg ni and
sim b m. plural mercury sinim wi] cinema, movies color stereo
simb mercury, mercuric films portable movie projector
sim l m. proper noun Simal sinimwl m. movie theater manager
simdzhsh m. welding sinimj cinematographic screen
simd r wire, of wire movie film
simduz f. gold thread, silver thread, purl (for sinw l marine, living in the sea sea horse
embroidering) starfish
simrgh m. 1 bearded vulture, lammergeier 2 folklore sin f. 1 chest anatomy diaphragm
simurg (fabled bird) chest, thorax compound verb a to
1 sims r m. straighten one's chest b to accomplish a feat
2 sims r m. tradesman who sells various small items I pressed him to my chest. a hand-to-hand b having
1 simk m. knitting needle; spoke (of a wheel) hugged, embraced each other compound verb to beat
2 simk m. botony rush one's chest, swear He promised me to do that.
simgl m. plastering, plaster (made out of clay and cattail to struggle to the death, the triumphful end
lint) compound verb to plaster the walls They boldly advanced
simnt m. plural, simn m. plural cement against the enemy. 2 bowels of the earth calmly
1 sma f. 1 territory, region, area hot region, I am trying with all my might. You
subtropics region of moderate climate 2 territory of a are a real worker. to be passed on from
tribe or family controlled regions (of tribes) 3 generation to generation
(compass) direction 4 shelter 5 zone sinab z m. 1 mustle thrush, Turdus viscuvorus 2
sem f. 1 2
2
embroidery with holes
simats r m. military garrison, post sinabagh l m. pneumonia
simaw l m countryman sinabnd m. 1 chest strap (of a harness) 2 corset 3 bodice
simajz regional, territorial regional pact 4 belt 5 brassiere, bra
sim 1 wire, metal string 2 made of wire sinapahl m.
1 simij f. magic sinad ghaj sad, downcast, dispondent, distressed
2 simij f. simiy n m. noodles, noodle soup sinasokht sinasz 1 exhausted, worn-out,
kind of mulberry tree extremely tired, fatigued 2 dispondent
semin r m. seminar sinakab b being worn out with suffering, exhausted
1 sin m. 1 sin f. tray; dish
2 sin m. the name of the letter 2 sin plural of
3 sen m. Seine the Seine River seneg l m. Senegal
senr m. regional sentry, sentinel 1 sew m. moisture, dampness, humidity
sind m. 1 river Kabul River 2 sea 2 sew m. [plural: sew n] apple
ocean the Black Sea siwr n m. 1 canopy 2 awning
sindl m. sjorn 1 shady 2 dried in the shade
sindmshr m. admiral sjraj, swraj m. shade in the shade
sindanj marine, maritime, nautical dear father (address in letters, literally: the canopy is over
456
my head) compound verb to cast a shadow shbl m. tip, arrowhead

to be shady, give shade 1 shp m.
1
siwl regional civil history civil disobedience 2 shp m.
(in India) 3 shp m. 1 shop (of a factory) 2 colloquial shop (retail),
2 sel m. Seoul store
sih f. colloquial shp f. hat
sijr-len f. Sierra Leone shpr m.
shpj nga f. withania, Withania coagulans (a plant of the
solanaciae family which yields a leaven used as a substitute for
rennet in cheese-making)
1
shin 1 the twenty-second letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the 1 shapij m. snail
number 300 in the abjad system 2 shpaj m. 1 load; burden 2 shell; cockleshell
2
abbreviation for sht m. plural honey bee idiom
3
1 abbreviation 2 abbreviation They are insincere.
1
sh f. [plural: shg ni plural: sh vi] 1 back shtr m. 1 groom 2 servant who runs alongside his master's
a behind my back b in my absence behind horse
from behind after after us, behind us after shtm gha f. coquette, flirt
me, behind me ! military Fall back! (as a command) shtanj 1 adjective rear, rear-echelon shtan
fair wind, favorable wind 2 shoulder shoulder rear-echelon communications 2 behind, located in the rear 3
to shoulder 3 wrong side, reverse side 4 rear in the remote (of a district)
rear a reinforcements b rear elements shtt m.
to land in the rear a to help 1 shtraj saddleless, unsaddled (of a beast of burden, pack
somebody, support someone b to come to the rescue, be a animal)
to throw
reinforcement (e.g., in battle) 2
shtorj f. plural calumny; fabrication to
someone (wrestling), overcome to turn one's back calumniate; fabricate, invent
on someone, show someone one's back to run sh ta behind, from behind regional from behind,
away, retreat a to turn one's behind
back; turn around ! military About face! (as a command) b shapavl m. plural praise, approval
figuratives to shirk work, loaf on the job a to rest one's shughtb m. shughv laj m. 1
back (against) b figurative to find support to repulse 1 shaugh f. kyphosis (state of being hunchbacked)
(e.g., enemy troops) to withdraw, pull back 2 shaghaj shaj shghaj hunchbacked,
to clap someone on the back (as a sign of approval) kyphotic
to load onto the back to hand back, lag behind shanga f. crop, craw (of birds)
to repel an attack to 1 shangaj m. 1 protector, patron 2 assistant, helper
retreat to disregard someone, scorn someone; not pay 2 shaing f. 1 protection, defense, patronage 2 help,
attention to something Eastern He forgot his assistance
grief. to help someone, support someone; protect shangi plural of
someone idiom to worry, be disturbed sh dza f. 1 flagstone 2 stone slab
2 sh m. shkh m. 1 branch; bough 2 offshoot 3 spur (land) 4
shb m. edged weapon; dagger, double-edged blade department, section 5 railroad spur line, branch line 6 branch
1 shb z m. (of some central organization)
2 shb z m. shb s m. small pigtail (worn on the brow shkhs r 1 branching 2 m. .1 branches 2.2 thicket; grove
by young women) shkhs m. Arabic 1 landmark; marker 2 criterion, index
shbsj shkhk m. feeler, antenna (in insects)
shb sh 1 shkhl m. plural French lentil
shbshj 1 bravo, excellent 2 m. praise; approval shkh f. 1 1, 2 2 electric engineering plug 3 rod,
to praise someone; voice approval of bar
someone shkhabur f. pruning (of trees) compound
shbtaj shbkaj hunchbacked, bent, kyphotic verb to prune (trees)
457
1 shkhl m. sh za f. 1 flagstone 2 stone slab gravestone

2 shkhl m. best man shstr m. the Shastra (the sacred scriptures of Hinduism)
shd 1 joyful, merry, gay 2 m. proper name Shad shs f. landing gear
shd b 1 watered, well-watered 2 fruitful fruitful shtr m. 1 2 proper name Shatir
valley 3 fresh, green sh'i m. Arabic [plural: sh'irn plural: shu'ar]
shdn f. poet
shdb sh m. congratulation sh'irn poetic
shado f. [plural: shdog n m. plural: sha'ir f. Arabic poetess
shdog n] monkey, ape sh'ir f. poetry; poetic work, composition to
shdul m. freak, monster, deformed person write verse
1 shd f. monkey, ape idiom This shghs history master of ceremonies
matter has dragged out too long. shghsikhl m. plural
2 shd f. 1 shghl Arabic 1 attracting someone's attention; drawing
shla f. abusive 1 mug, ugly face 2 hobgoblin 3 Eastern someone into something 2 attentive
shghuj f. short-toed lark
shindk m. swings shf shp m. medicine suppository; cotton-flannel bellyband
shz Arabic 1 rare, little used (of a word) 2 unusual, (used to treat infants for colic)
extraordinary (of a man) shf' f. Arabic defender; protector, patron
shrbl transitive [past: past: ] 1 to stir, shfi' m. Arabic 1 Shafi'ite (a follower of the religious
shake up 2 to churn (butter) 3 to hatch out (chicks) idiom school of the Imam Shafi'i) 2 adjective Shafi'ite
to grind water in a mortar; be engaged in a senseless task shf f.
shrbnkaj m. 1 churning (butter) 2 oil press sh Arabic penal, pertaining to imprisonment at hard labor
shrt f. electrical engineering short circuit shs m.
shrtedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] shsikhl m. plural history the Shakasikhejli (a clan
shredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] electrical of the Barakzai and the Muhamedzai who held the hereditary post
engineering to short-circuit of master-of-ceremonies)
shrzhedfr m. diplomacy charg d'affaires shks f. large bowl
charzhr m. military magazine case shkr m. Arabic grateful ! Be thankful to him!
shrk m. shark shkp
shr f. shkulnga f. crane (the bird)
shrigr m. singer shkpaj
sh 1 lazy; maladroit; sluggish 2 crude, unkempt 3 stern, shkunj wild pear tree, wild pear
severe 4 uncultivated (of land) shgrd m. 1 pupil, student 2 apprentice, journeyman 3
shtb m. shtj f. 1 maladroitness; sluggishness 2 cadet
rudeness, unkemptness 3 state of being uncultivated (land) shagrda f. pupil (girl)
shshp 1 1, 2 2 m. .1 lazybones 2.2 boor shgird f. period of time spent as a student; apprenticeship
shavl denominative [past: ] 1 to render barren (of a to study; learn a trade b to work as an apprentice
land) 2 to make sluggish shgar f. the glorification of the bridegroom at
1
sh a f. low railing, wall (around the edge of a flat roof) the wedding
2
sh a f. 1 land unfit for cultivation 2 uncultivated land; shgd m. Eastern
virgin land waste land; virgin land shgm good omen, augury; good sign
to prepare virgin lands for cultivation shgaj m. part of a camel saddle
compound verb 1 shgj f. 1 low mountain 2 mountain foothills 3 foot of a
3 sh imperfect of mountain 4 tomb
1 sh i m. plural 1 2
shgj f. assistance, support to help
2 sh i f. plural of 1 someone, support someone
shedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to grow shl m. kerchief, shawl m. to cover
neglected; be unfruitful (land) 2 to grow lazy; become sluggish oneself with a shawl, throw on a shawl
sh i-v i lazy; sluggish; slow-moving; malardoit, clumsy shlb f m. shawl weaver
458
shlshj m. one who launders shawls successfully in the opposite case, otherwise 2
shlakj m. small shawl, kerchief a joyous song
shlj f. shl f. plural rice crop, raw rice, unthreshed 2
sh'n m. [plural: shu'n Arabic plural:
rice shu'un t] prestige, merit, position to undermine
shliz r m. shljzra f. prestige
shlikna f. endorsement blanket endorsement 3 shn m. combining form like, similar, -ish (as the the second
shliknkaj m. endorser element of compounds) blackish
shmpn m. plural champagne shn n m. proper name Shanan
shmpijn m. champion, victor sh nta sh nte dialect 1 like, similar to, such as
shmt m. Arabic 1 failure; unhappiness 2 victim of failure; identical; monotonous rather low, rather short 2 similar;
disheartened person approximate, like a just the same b precisely the
shmatra f. shmatla f. black starling, common same monotonously The matter has
starling dragged on a bit.
shmat f. Arabic noise, fuss alarm clock shanj f. fascine, faggot; millpond
shmkha f. lining shnd r 1 magnificent, festive; grandiloquent
shmud m eternally, always majestic sight, majestic panorama, picture 2 outstanding (of
shmakj f. swan success)
shml Arabic 1.1 participating; composed of shanla f. leapfrog
to involve in some matter 1.2 consisting of; composed shanj f.
of to reckon among, comprehend 1.3 general, shns m. luck; success, good fortune
universal, comprehensive 2 m. [plural: shmil n Arabic shngaj 1 protuberant 2
plural: shmiln] .1 participant 2.2 proper name Shamil sh nga f. shngj f. pitchforks (wooden, for
shmil t m. Arabic plural communal pastureland, forests, winnowing grain)
wastelands shnm n disturbed, distressed
shmilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1 shn f. 1 comb 2 textiles reed (of loom)
contain, comprise 2 to include to enroll (in school) 3 2 shn imperfect of
to enter (on a list) shn-vn shn-vrn to act as
shmiledl shmledl denominative, intransitive [past: proud as a peacock
] 1 to include (in), be contained (by) 2 to participate in 1 sh ni
something, be a composite part of something 2 shnj m. botany eelgrass, tape grass, valiseria
to affiliate with someone 3 to be entered, be registered, enroll shukhv f. 1.1 environs neighboring
somewhere to look around 1.2 ambience, environment in
shmilednkaj m. participant this region in Kabul district 2
shmled m. shmiled plural 1 inclusion (in an agenda) 2 a around, about something b about something, in relation to
participation 3 enrollment 4 entry (e.g., on a list) something 3 around, round about 4 attributive surrounding
1
shmm f. 1 smell (sense) sense of smell 2 surroundings, milieu neighboring
scent settlements
2 shm m. plural of 1 shvr m. shower
shmatra f. shvaj m.
1 shm Arabic 1 Syrian 2 m. Syrian (person) shvl m. shvl technology plumb; plumb bob
2 shmj f. 1 grave 2 tomb 3 cemetery in the mountains sounding lead
shmijn f. large marquee, large tent (with flat top) sh vli-v vli 1.1 careless; unstable 1.2 unwise 1.3
1 shn m. 1 way, manner; type, kind under no disoriented, surprised 1.4 slovenly 2 m. negligent fellow, slob
circumstances differently, otherwise shh m. 1.1 shah, king; prince 1.2 title of the Sayyids
similar (to), like just like In (descendants of Mohammed) 1.3 bridegroom on his wedding day;
what way? How? In this way, thus in any prince, newlywed 1.4 proper name Shakh
way, by any means thus a such a b thus, proper name Ali (the brother-in-law of Mohammed) 2 combining
therefore a very well, carefully b happily, form good lad
459
shhn royal His Highness, the King shhn m. 1 red-headed sapsan (raptorial bird); the shahin
the Royal Court falcon 2 proper name Shahin
shhb z m. [plural: shhbzna] 1 mediator 2 shahival t ! Try with all your strength!
[plural: shhbz n] a large light-colored hawk b falcon, shj n fitting, appropriate as befits one
raptorial bird shjd probably, possibly, maybe
shhb sh 1 sh' shj Arabic 1 published to publish
shhbsh f. to be published . as they write 2 ordinary,
shhbba f. proper name Shahbibi popular
shhpr m. flight or primary lift part of a bird's wing 1
shi' f. Arabic [plural: shi' t] shji' f.
shhpr m. proper name Shakhpur rumor, talk
shhtar botany fumitory, fumaria 2 shji f. singular of
shhtt [ plural: shhtut n] black mulberry shk Arabic shjk 1 desirous 2 m. [plural:
(tree) shiin plural: shjiin] .1 enthusiast (of something) 2.1
shhtr m. [plural: shatir n] technology beam, rafter client
shhkhl m. regional trashman, sweeper; janitor shj 2 2
shhd m. [plural: ashh d] Arabic 1 witness shab m. night, evening
to produce a witness to produce a witness against shab b m. Arabic youth
someone 2 [plural: shavhd] testimony shabb youthful; pertaining to youth
shhdn f. hemp shabnarz m. 24-hour period
shhdkht for 24 hours, in the course of a 24-hour period
shhdost f. monarchism shabht m. Arabic likeness, similarity
shhid f. poetry 1 sweetheart, girlfriend 2 witness (female) to be like, be similar to
shhid f. testimony, evidence of a witness shabb m. botany 1 cruciferae (a kind of wild mustard) 2
a to bear witness, give a deposition b to testify tuberose, Polianthes tuberosa
to fully confirm something shabbink m. nightjar, goatsucker (the bird)
shhr h m. large wide road, highway shabtl m. shabtla f. Persian pear
shhrg m. anatomy jugular vein shabchir gh m. 1 carbuncle 2 firefly, glowworm
shhzdagj f. princess; royal princess shbah f. shbh [plural: ashb h] shbha f. 1
shhzd m. prince; royal prince outline; silhouette; contour 2 deduction
shhzdj f. shabkhn m. nocturnal attack
shhzj m. shabkhz m. one praying at night
shhk r m. 1 masterpiece 2 feat, accomplishment shibr m. the Shibar Pass
shhkr f. 1 prowess 2 talent, gifts shibirgh n shibirghan history district
shhgar f. shabarj one afflicted with nyctalopia (i.e., night blindness)
shhgl m. proper name Shahgul 1 shabadr m. Shabkadar (city, near Peshawar)
shhmsta sprightly, frisky (of a girl) 2 shb-i-dar m.
shhmermna f. empress; queen shabkor f. medicine nyctalopia (i.e., night blindness)
shhnm f. Shakname (a work by Firdousi) shabak f. Arabic 1 lattice 2 veil; netting 3 net, network
shhansh h m. the Shah-an-Shah, the King of Kings (title of (telephone, road, etc.)
the ruler of Iran) shabakkr f. woodcarving (action)
shhanshh 1 indeclinable pertaining to the Shah-an- shabakij f. Arabic anatomy retina
Shah, Royal (used for the former government of Iran) 2 f. shabgr
monarchy, the royal house shabnishin evening, evening party
1
shh 1.1 royal kingdom 1.2 monarchial 2 m. evening clothes; evening dress
bodyguard, royal bodyguard shabnm m. plural poetry dew
2
shh f. 1 realm, reign; autocracy 2 shai (a coin equal to shab f. 1 2 proper name Shabbo
1/6 kran or 5 puls) 3 shai (a kind of silk cloth) 4 proper name 1 shab f. jet; agate (the mineral)
Shakhi 2 shibh m. shabh Arabic
shhikhl m. regional shibhdzhazir f. Arabic peninsula
460
shubh f. Arabic doubt, suspicion 2 shpa f. night It's night. It is as dark as pitch.
shubhan k dubious suspicious all night, the whole night through
shbj f. flat cake at night by day and by night
shabn m. nighttime It became light. bedroom night's lodging supper
shabh Arabic similar, analogous; comparable a on that same b every night c at night, nightly
like something, similar to something toward night once at night
1 shap m. shelter, roof the night password to not sleep the
2 shap tautological with whole night, be wakeful to spend the night idiom
3 shp m. pit, abyss to be unable to analyze something; mix up day and night;
shp as numeral sixteen call black-white idiom to manage to survive
shpaspulj m. coin worth sixteen pul somehow; scarcely make ends meet idiom to live
shpasm m. ordinal numeral sixteenth out one's allotted span idiom to be high (of prices)
shpl oblique of shpatraj m. overnight guest, guest who will stay the night
shpn plural of shparaj wakeful, alert
shpnghd m. shpaund f. nyctalopia, night blindness
shpr f. shoemaker's knife shpavrdz shpa-u-vrdz day and night, 24-hour
shp six-fingered period to live to work both
shpag shpg numeral Western six thirty-six day and night
shpagt
m. board upon which nard is played shupij n m. charge, indictment
shpagts naj shpagtsanz
1.1 hexagonal 1.2 shpetm m. ordinal sixtieth
hexahedral 2.1 hexagon 2.2 hexahedral 1
shpet numeral sixty
shpagzaj six-chambered (weapon) 2
shpta f. shpetj m. shpetj f. technology
shpagkuruh f. vicinity, surrounding country; suburbs wedge
in the suburbs shpdzj m. lodging for the night
shpaggn all six, (a group of) six shperkj m.
shpag m m. ordinal numeral sixth shpena sloven, slattern
shpagmjshtanj
semiannual; half-yearly shpezr m. the end of the night
shpg n shpug n lousy, louse-ridden shpeshtarj m. 1 2 2 1
shga f. louse shpshta f. 1 lucerne (grass) 2 2
shpg j f. plant louse (on wheat) 1 shpishti f. shpshti plural lucerne (grass) idiom
shpagjak f. one-sixth part of something a to take someone in b to incite one person
shpishtj m. hub (of a wheel) against another
shpag numeral Eastern 2 shpshtj m. blade (propellor, fan, etc.), cog (of a wheel)
shpanghd m. botany lapwing, pewit, green plover, Vanellus shpelaghj
vanellus shpelk m. [plural: shpelakna Western plural:
shpankj m. herd boy, shepherd shpelak n] 1 whistling, whistle to
shpan f. shepherdess whistle 2 a whistle
1 shpan f. herding to herd, herd sheep shpelkj m. whistling, whistle a to whistle b to
2 shpanj adjective 1 night, nocturnal 2 evening sing (of a thrush)
3 shpan plural of 1
shpell transitive [past: ] to whistle
shpanij n plural of 1 2
shpell transitive [past: shpelavl
shap f. hat transitive past: ] to gnaw; gnaw around; suck around
shpug j f. 1
shpelj m. 1 whistling, whistle 2 whistle, siren (of a
shpol m. 1 fence to fence in 2 pen (for sheep) 3 factory, train) 3 whistle, hum (of the wind)
aureole (of the moon) 2
shpelj m. good-for-nothing, cad
shpun m. [plural: shpn] shepherd, herdsman 3
shpelj f. 1 reed-pipes; fife; flute to play the
shpuntb m. 1 shepherding 2 cattle raising reed-pipes 2 anatomy aural opening aural opening 3
1 shp m. [plural: shpanij n] shepherd to whistling, whistle 4 whistle, whistle (of a factory, train) 5 barrel
recruit someone as a shepherd to hire a shepherd (of a rifle) idiom bone of the forearm
461
proverb You can't eat cornmeal and play 2

shatj f. shtj 1 green mold (on walls, etc.) 2 Chlorella (a
the flute too. seaweed) 3 corncob (without kernels)
shpeljm r m. flautist 3 shatj f. from
shpenj night, nocturnal yesterday's conversation shte dialect 2
1 shat m. die (in children's games) to draw shtemj f. stone mortar
lots shal m.
2 sht speeding along, rolling along shaalki f. plural to writhe, quiver
shat shaalv laj m.
shit b m. haste; speed shop m. stove, cooker
shitb f. hastiness, haste hurriedly, urgently sha corncob
to hurry, hasten shedl intransitive [past: ] to writhe, shake
shattb m. shudzh ' Arabic 1 brave, valorous, manly 2 m. proper name
shtm m. regional blank form with seal stamped Shuja
paper shudzh't m. Arabic bravery, valor, manliness
shatv laj m. to display valor, demonstrate manliness
shat h 1 mendacious 2 evil, perfidious 3 garrulous 4 shudzh'atmn brave man, hero
shameless shudzh'atmnd title given to a major
shatt ha f. shatj f. 1 prostitute 2 impudent woman shudzha'atmandn 1
shat f. 1 evil, wickedness 2 shamelessness 3 peevishness shudzh'athamr h shudzh'athanar title for a general
4 obstinacy shadzhar f. Arabic 1 geneology, family tree 2 list of saints
shuturk m. bittern (the bird) shadzh' Arabic 1
shuturka f. shuturki usually plural 1 jet of water 2 shtslj m. chisel
waterfall, cataract a to squirt; gush b to spurt c to shahm m. Arabic fat, internal fat
cascade (of a waterfall) shahm Arabic fat, greasy fats
shuturm r m. grass snake shakh 1 firm, hard, rigid 2 tight 3 rooted, frozen in place
shuturmrgh m. 1 stork 2 vulture, buzzard compound verb compound verb
shtirng m. 1 steering gear, rudder apparatus 2 sluice gate shkha m. large flock of birds
shutur 1 light brown, beige 2 f. camlet (cloth) shkha f. 1 dispute; conflict; litigation
shtmn This is indisputable. 2 battle; clash 3 band, gang
shtman f. shakhs m. Arabic [plural: ashkh s] person, persona,
shto oblique of 1 personality technical specialists idiom
shtv laj m. grammar first person
shtmaj m. pestle shkhsn Arabic personally He will bear
1 sht m. plural 1 existence, being to exist 2 personal responsibility.
property material goods, property inventory shakhsparast f.
books to create, bring about He was shakhsijt m. Arabic [plural: shakhsijatna
very rich. Arabic plural: shakhsij t] personality, person
2 shta there is; there are; it is, he is Is Ahmed here? private person juridical person
Is anybody home? there is, to be a juridical person
it/he is personal identification document
3 shat f. dill shakhsijatparast f. cult of personality
shtmn 1 rich 2 m. a wealthy man shakhkj f. small pimple
shtmantb m. wealth 1 shakhlj m. hitching post (for cattle)
shtmnd 2 shakhulj m.
shtman f. wealth shakhand m. 1
shtv laj m. existence, being the struggle shakha f. anatomy joint
for existence shukhud scratched
1
shatj f. 1 knee 2 point (arrow, lance) 1 shkhval m. 1 voice (of a bird) 2 rumble; noise; din 3
rustling (of leaves) 4 gurgling (of a brook)
462
2
shkhvl m. discomposure, depression 2
shur m. shr shir 1 splash (of water); the noise of rain 2
3
shakhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to rustling, rustle
stretch, draw tight, draw taut, strain shar b m. Arabic singular & plural [plural: ashrib] 1
shkhvlj m. 1 quiver 2 knapsack, pouch 3 game bag wine 2 spiritous drinks
shkhvand m. chewing, rumination; cud sharbkhn f. lowly tavern; beer hall
a to chew the cud b to masticate (food) sharbkhr m. 1 one who loves to drink to excess 2
shkhvand vahnkaj adjective ruminant, cud-chewing drunkard
vahunki ruminant animal sharbkhor f. 1 drinking to excess; use of spiritous
shakhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to drink 2 drunkenness
stretch, draw tight 2 to be frozen in place, be rooted to the spot sharb 1 m. drunkard 2 drunk
shakhed m. plural 1 stretching tight, drawing tight 2 sharrt m. Arabic 1 villainy 2 lawlessness 3 baseness,
torpor, numbness; inability to move (from fear, surprise, etc.) vileness
1 shud m. possibility It is possible that sharft m. Arabic 1 nobility 2 honor, merit, virtue 3
2 shad shadd Arabic respect, glory; esteem
shadv f. shalv f. kind of water plant sharfatm b Arabic venerable one (form of address for an
shadd m. Arabic plural of ecclesiastic)
shiddt m. Arabic 1 strength, intensity, intenseness sharkt m. Arabic
strongly, energetically a to intensify, strenghten b sharkathm f. agreement of fellowship or comradeship,
to grow more severe, grow colder Winter is agreement or contract of shareholders
growing severe. A bitter battle is going sharrnd z m. troublemaker
on. 2 violence 3 difficulty shart m. Arabic plural of
shadrv m. noisy dispute (of women) sharjn m. Arabic plural of
shudan possible; attainable sharbt m. Arabic syrup; sherbet pomegranate
shudopj f. syrup
shid f. plural sharbatb b m. plural beverages, drinks
shudj ra f. plowed field plowed field sharbl transitive [present: past: past:
to plow land ]1 to chop (meat) finely, mince 2 to hatch (chicks)
shadd Arabic 1 strong; large great losses 2 sharbna f. 1 chopping finely (meat) 2 hatching (chicks)
energetic 3 angry, cruel, ferocious 4 tense serious sharbavl transitive [past: ] 1 to chop (meat)
illness finely, mince 2 to rock back and forth, oscillate 3 to turn over,
shadid Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. [plural: stir up
shadid] m. Arabic [plural: shadd] difficulty, shrab m.
problem shrap f.
shal 1 m. [plural: shal plural: shaal n] sharpasnd sharrpasnd pernicious, obnoxious
literal & figurative .1 barren flower compound verb obnoxious people; scoundrels
1.2 clumsy person; bumpkin; lazy man, apathetic man 2.1 sharaph r m. shrpj m. 1 splash (of water) 2 lash
sluggish; lazy; apathetic; slow-moving 2.2 stout, portly, awkward (of a whip)
2.3 unbleached, coarse (of cloth) 2.4 bad, rough (of a road) shurt to throw things around, strew
shaaltb m. shaalv laj m. 1 barrenness 2
uncouthness, crudity 3 sluggishness, slow-movingness 4 sharh f. shrha f. Arabic exposition; explanation,
awkwardness elucidation; interpretation; description shrh-i biography
shadala 1 feminine singular of 2 2 unbleached cloth, compound verb to explain, elucidate; describe
coarse cloth sharsh f. sharshai (measure of weight equal to one Indian
shaaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to not tola, 24 grains)
bear fruit, be barren; be a barren flower shurshr m. 1 noise (e.g., of the wind) to
shuzz m. Arabic eccentricity work out in the wind The wind whistles. 2
1 sharr m. Arabic 1 malice; spite 2 misfortune, calamity, gurgling, babbling (of water)
disaster, evil noise, disorder Complete sharshar f. 1 gurgling, babbling (of water) 2 small waterfall
silence reigns. 3 harm, damage 4 baseness, meaness sharshf m. Arab plural colza oil
463
sharshobnda f. scolopendra, centipede 2

shrak m. 1 knock, tap 2 lash (of a whip) 3 a quickened
shart m. Arabic [plural: shartna Arabic plural: pulse
shart] 1 condition the conditions of the 3 shirk m. blanket
agreement preconditions compound verb shurak m. Arabic plural of
to stipulate; provide for compound verb to be shirkt m. Arabic 1 fellowship; shirket (i.e., partnership),
conditioned upon; be stipulated to society, company trading company
surrender, capitulate unconditionally silent partnership joint-stock company
however, under the condition that ... provided that shipping company 2 participation
without any conditions of any kind 2 bet a to take part in, participate in something b to share (e.g.,
to bet, lay a wager with someone to someone's feelings) I share your
win a bet with someone to fulfill the conditions of a joy.
wager 3 sign, token, mark shirkat pertaining to a shirkat, of a joint-stock company
shartnm f. condition of an agreement, provision of a shrakah r m. shrakj m. 1 knock, tap, rap 2 lash (of
treaty; condition a whip)
shartvl m. bettor shrm m. shrm 1 shame, dishonor, disgrace
shart 1 conditional 2 abusive strumpet, trollop It is a shameful affair. It is a great shame that
shartij f. Arabic lottery It disturbs my conscience. I am
shr'a f. Arabic Shariat (Islamic religious law) ashamed. proverb I was ready to sink
shr'n according to the laws of Shariat into the ground from shame. 2 bashfulness; shyness to
shr'a f. be ashamed to be ashamed, be shy 3 Islamic law fine
shar' Arabic indeclinable 1 pertaining to Shariat; according imposed over and above kun (blood money) for the commission of
to the law of Shariat a legal action instituted thru shameful acts in connection with a murder
Shariat a trial according to Shariat 2 established, in shrambj f. 3
accordance with Shariat; legal a legal wife sharmdzhn sharmd r sharms r 1 bashful;
sharghashj m. conscientious 2 shy, timid
sharf m. Arabic 1 nobility 2 honor, merit; respect; esteem sharmh m. shrmh wolf
to live honestly to sharmhkj f. [plural: sharmhkj plural:
receive a high post, obtain an important appointment sharmhkj ni] lizard
This is an affair of honor. This relates to honor. 3 sharmha f. she-wolf
proper name Sharaf sharmgr ashamed, embarrassed
shuraf m. Arabic plural of sharmn k
sharafuddn m. Arabic proper name Sharafuddin sharmandtj f. sharmandag f. 1 shame, disgrace,
sharafatmnd noble; honorable dishonor 2 bashfulness; shyness 3 diffidence
sharafatmandn 1 noble; honorable 2 virtuous sharmand shamed of; modest, diffident, shy to
sharafj b worthy of honor shame to be ashamed of
sharafjb f. reception, audience sharmh m.
to be received in or granted an audience with someone sharmavl transitive [past: ] 1 to shame 2 to
shar m. Arabic the East the northeast disgrace, dishonor to disgrace one's family
the Near East the Middle East the Far East to disgrace oneself
east of Kabul sharmavnkaj shameful
shrn Arabic to the east, eastward, in the east sharmedl intransitive [past: ]to be ashamed; be
shraavl transitive regional [past: ] to beat; lash embarrased; be diffident
to beat with a lash sharmed m. plural shame, embarrassment
shraah r m. regional clang (of metal); tapping sharming f.
shar Arabic 1 eastern Eastern Studies, shrang m. 1 onomatopoeia sound made by breaking glass,
Oriental Studies Eastern cuisine 2 dishware, etc. ringing, chime 2 clatter, clanging
resident of the East (e.g., of swords); saber rattling 3 hubbub (of voices) 4 the
1
shirk m. Arabic religion 1 polytheism; paganism 2 recitation of lessons by children, aloud to study a
unbelief lesson by chanting in unison
464
shrang f. compound verb 2 common, general

shrangnj m. shrangv m. rattle They had a common boundary. adverb together
shrangevl transitive [past: ] 1 to jingle sharikavl denominative [past: ] to make a
(bangles, bracelets, etc.) 2 to knock, rap, rattle 3 to clang, clash participant in something, involve in something, attract to
(weapons, etc.) something to take part in a conversation
shrangah r m. 1 ringing; chiming 2 rustle 3 rustling sharka 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. friend (female)
shrangj m. 1
lifelong (female) friend
shrangedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to jingle 2 to sharikedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
rustle 3 to rap, knock participate in something; be attracted to something, be involved in
shrup something
sharrushr m. vanity sha
shurt m. Arabic plural of shap m. shap-u-hrp 1 m. splash (of waves,
shur' Arabic 1 f. Arabic m. [plural: shuru' t] pouring water) 2 rustle, (indistinct) noise 3 onomatopoeia
beginning, initiative at the beginning of the Slosh!
meeting a good beginning from shapavl transitive [past: ] to splash, splash about
beginning to end shapah r m. shapj m.
to begin something, start something, get shapedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]to splash,
going at something to make a beginning, make a start splash about
2 predicative having (just) begun compound verb to shat
begin compound verb to start Supper shatavl denominative
is commencing. shatedl denominative, intransitive
shuru'ked m. plural beginning, undertaking shaa f. 1 barley; barleycorn 2 small quantity, few
shrung tautological with shashap f. 1 abatement (e.g., of a storm) 2 fear 3
shurh r m. gurgling, noise of water a to gurgle b misfortune, disaster
to patter (rain) shashaj f.
1
shraj m. medicine measles shri one suffering shashm m. plural cole seed, rapeseed
from measles a to appear (of measle rash) b rapeseed oil Eastern saying
figurative to be characteristic, be inherent, be innate It's a senseless undertaking.
2 shre f. plural medicine chicken pox sha m. regional shak m. 1 lash, lashing 2 crash;
sharj n m. shirj n Arabic [plural: sharajn] anatomy knock, rap knocking, crashing 3 noise, uproar (of
artery pulmonary artery artery the wind) thunderstorm, downpour
sharjn arterial shakavl transitive [past: ] 1 to lash (with a
shredl intransitive whip, etc.) 2 to knock, rap (on the door, etc.)
sharr Arabic 1.1 spoiled; corrupt 1.2 evil; loathsome shakah r m.
loathsome man; scoundrel, rascal 2 m. [plural: ashr r] shakedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to crack, emit a
.1 bandit, robber 2.2 scoundrel, rascal crash; slam (door) 2 noise, hum (wind)
shari't m. Arabic a to decide according shraked m. plural 1 crash; slamming (door, etc.) 2 noise,
to Shariat (i.e., traditional Islamic law); try or judge according to hum (wind)
Shariat b to institute an action under Shariat sharl transitive [past: ] 1 drive, drive through; drive
sharf Arabic 1.1 noble, wellborn 1.2 reknown; famed 1.3 out 2 to fire (a bullet) 3 to send packing, evict
figurative high 2 m. .1 proper name Sharif 2.2 [plural: shalj 1 past participle of 2 unfit, superfluous
ashr f] Sherif (title of the governor of Mecca and of the sham 1 poorly attached 2 loose-hanging 3 loose, flabby 4
descendants of Mohammed) clumsy; slow-moving; lazy, sluggish
sharifn 1 noble, wellborn 2 glorious, famous; reknown shamtb m. shamv laj m. 1 looseness,
1 sharif f. Arabic proper name Sharifa flabbiness 2 clumsiness; tardiness; laziness, sluggishness
2 sharif f. cornice, ledge shamavl denominative [past: ] 1 to attach poorly
shark m. Arabic 1 [plural: sharik n Arabic plural: 2 to cause to become loose or flabby 3 to cause to become
shurak ] .1 companion, comrade 1.2 shareholder 1.3 clumsy or slow; cause to become lazy or sluggish
participant compound verb
465
shamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be shashkuruh f.

poorly attached 2 to hang loose 3 to grow loose, become flabby shishn f. neighing (of a horse)
4 to grow clumsy, become slow moving; be lazy, be sluggish shishnl transitive [past: ] to neigh (of a horse)
shang m. shangr m. regional hum, whistling shishnaj neighing (of a horse) to neigh (of a horse)
hum, whistling shishnedl intransitive [past: ] to neigh (of a horse)
shana f. driving out shishned m. plural neighing (of a horse)
shav laj m. 1 ungainliness, awkwardness 2 infertility, shash-u-pndzh m. vacillation, indecisiveness
barrenness 3 fallowness (of land) I vacillated, not able to decide.
shbaj m. shabaj 1 watering can 2 spigot (e.g., of a shatrt m. Arabic quickness, agility, efficiency
samovar) shatrndzh m. Arabic chess chessboard
shup tautological with to play chess
shaotedl intransitive [past: ] to come loose, sink shatrandzhb z m. shatrndzh kavnkaj m.
(morally) chess player
shaavl transitive [past: ] 1 to boil soft (e.g.,
1
shatrandzh adjective chess in staggered
meat) 2 to soften order, staggered
2
shaavl transitive [past: ] 1 splash, splash out; shi' r m. Arabic slogan, motto
spurt, spray sho'' f. shu' Arabic m. Arabic [plural: ashi'] 1 ray
shom m. plural remains (in the pan) after cooking meat 2 flash, radiance
shumb shomb f. plural churning sho'' radiating a radiation, emanation b rays
shan m. sha'r m. Arabic plural of
shund shamed sho'b t m. Arabic plural of
shung m. tautological with sha'b n m. Arabic Shaban (8th month of the lunar year)
sha f. 2 shu'badab z m. 1 conjurer, juggler 2 cheat, swindler
shaha f. sho'b f. shu'b Arabic [plural: sho'b shu'b m.
shahavl transitive 1 Arabic plural: sho'b t shu'b t] 1 section, department,
shahedl intransitive 1 branch 2 wing, offshoot
1 shaj m. botany Eremurus (small family of Asiatic herbs in 1 she'r m. Arabic [plural: she'rna Arabic plural:
the family Liliaceae) ash' r] 1 poetry 2 verse to write verses,
2
shaj f. 1 wooden blanket, flannel blanket 2 rug, plaid 3 a compose verses
small shawl 2 sha'r m. Arabic 1 hair 2 capillary
shaj f. hedge mustard, Sisymbrium (a medical plant)
3
sha'rij 1 adjective capillary capillaries 2 f.
4 sha present tense of capillaries
1 shaedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be boiled soft (of sha'f m. Arabic delight, ecstasy
meat) 2 to decompose, break down 3 to fall apart shu'l f. Arabic
2 shaedl intransitive [past: ] to splash, spill shu'r m. Arabic 1 mind, intellect; consciousness
3 shaedl denominative, intransitive in full consciousness He was an
1 shaed m. plural 1 boiling soft (of meat) 2 intelligent man. political consciousness 2 feeling
decomposition, breaking down 3 decay, falling apart, dissolution to worry
2 shaed m. plural splashing, splash, spillage shu'rn Arabic purposely, consciously
3 shaed m. plural neglect shu'ur Arabic conscious; intelligent
shajvr wrapped up in a shawl or wool wrap sha'ir f. Arabic m. [plural: sha'r] 1 religion
1 shist m. shast gunsight to take aim ceremony, ritual 2 custom
2 shast m. 1 ring with a mirror (worn by women on the shgh m. 1 noise made by a flock of birds taking off 2 whistle
middle finger) 2 thimble 3 fishspear, harpoon (e.g., of a bullet)
shastaj m. 1 chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum indicum shgh f.
shsh m. pendant (on a necklace) shghshgh m. noise, din, rumbling; rumble (e.g., of train
shasht m. thimble wheels)
shashtj m. shgh l m.
shishk m. 1 shelf 2 awning; arch
466
1
shghl 1 low grade, of inferior quality or kind 2 locally shal m. Arabic Polygonatum verticillatum (whorled
produced; handcrafted variety of polygonum, in the buckwheat family)
2
shghlj m. 1 breed of camel 2 rifle (handmade) shavt m. Arabic misfortune, calamity; disaster
shghrb m. colloquial east from east to sha m. Arabic anemone
west sha Arabic 1 unhappy, unfortunate 2 pernicious
shghrgh m. troublemaker shai f. Arabic anatomy temple
shghf m. Arabic passionate love 1 shak m. shakk Arabic [plural: shakna] Arabic
shughl m. Arabic matter, affair, occupation, preoccupation; [plural: shukk] doubt; suspicion to
work doubt, be doubtful there is no doubt,
shughl f. 1 ray X-rays 2 radiance 3 spark doubtless It is indisputable.
shughn n m. Shugnan (province) 2 shak on end, sticking up
shughn 1 Shugnanian 2 m. .1 a native of Shugnan 2.2 f. 1 shik r m.
Shugnanian, the Shugnanian language 2 shkr m. plural potassium, potash, alkali
shghavl transitive [past: ] 1 to fling, throw, toss shikrg h m. hunting ground; hunting preserve
2 regional to launch (e.g., a missile) shkrl transitive [past: ] to instigate, set
shghah r m. (someone) on (someone else)
shif f. Arabic healing, cure to make a complete shkr oblique of 1
recovery; get better 1 shukri f. plural
shifkhnav adjective hospital, pertaining to an infirmary 2 shikr 1 adjective hunting 2 raptorial (of birds)
shifkhn f. hospital hospital, infirmary shakkkijt m. Arabic skepticism
shifkhnaj adjective hospital-, curative shkl m.
health resort (city) shk masculine plural of
shaf't m. Arabic 1 protection; intercession a shk va f. 1 stealing, robbing; thievery 2 cutting-off,
to take someone's part; intercede b to be a mediator isolating
shaf'atgr m. 1 protector; intercessor 2 mediator shiakjt m. Arabic [plural: shikjatna Arabic
shaff f Arabic 1 transparent, translucent 2 very delicate plural: shikj t] 1 complaint 2 dissatisfaction
shafffijt m. Arabic transparency a to complain, lodge a complaint b to express dissatisfaction
shifh Arabic oral; verbal a popular oral shikjatnm f. complaint (written)
composition folklore an oral examination 1 shkr m. shkr Arabic 1 thanks; gratitude
law oral testimony of the parties to thank to thank someone to
shaftl m. peach (tree) express thanks 2 satisfaction
` shifr m. cipher, code 2 shakr m. Arabic 1
shifr enciphered, encoded shukrn f. contribution (e.g., to a mullah)
shuf'a f. Arabic law a prior right to acquire something shakarpr f. sweet tree-dried apricot
shaf m. Arabic sunset; evening; dusk shakarkhnd smiling
shafat m. Arabic sympathy; mercy, compassion; kindness shakarkhur f. 1 hummingbird 2 person with a sweet
to pity someone; sympathize with someone; be kind tooth
to someone shakarist n m. 1 sugar plantation 2 sugar mill
shafav Arabic linguistics labial; bilabial shakaristn-i-afghan an anthology of Afghan literature
shaf m. Arabic savior, rescuer compiled by Kazi (Moslem judge) Mir Ahmed Shah
shafir f. Arabic chrysalis, pupa (e.g., of a butterfly) shukrguz r 1 thankful, grateful 2 satisfied
shaf' m. Arabic 1 protector 2 intercessor shukrguzr f. 1 thankfulness, gratitude 2 satisfaction
shaf Arabic 1.1 merciful; sympathetic 1.2 loving; tender 2 1 shakarganj m. sugarcane plant
m. proper name Shafik 2 shakargan m. plural honeycombs
shi shi m. Arabic [plural: shina Arabic plural: shakarlb 1 sweet-mouthed (of a beloved) 2 male with a
shu] 1 half 2 dilemma 3 branch harelip
external (i.e., nonresident) studies boarding shakarnj m. sugarcane plant
school 1 shakra f. shakra sugar (usually granulated)
sugariness
467
2 shikr f. female of a kind of hawk 1

shkavna f. 1 tear, rending, rent 2 disruption, loss of
1 shkrj m. powder flask contact 3 uprooting, pulling out 4 breaking off, tearing off,
2 shkrj f. bast basket, woven reed basket extraction 5 robbery, burglary
3 shikaraj m. kind of hawk 2 shakavna f. standing on end
shakarivl sugary, yielding sugar (of plants) shku m. shkon [plural: shk plural:
shukrij f. Arabic gratitude to thank for an shkaij n] porcupine proverb
invitation to render thanks ! Thanks! literal Even though a porcupine should be declared fit to eat, it
shikst m. crushing defeat, rout to will still look unclean. figurative You can't wash a black dog
suffer a crushing defeat white.
shikastkhurd defeated utterly, suffering a crushing 1
shikh f. 1 splendor; magnificence 2 grandeur, majesty
defeat 2
shakv f. shikv Arabic complaint to complain
shikast 1 broken up; broken apart 2 f. shikasta (i.e., shak shakk suspicious, doubting; mistrustful to be
broken) script (cursive handwriting in which manuscripts and suspicious; doubt something 2 problematic
sometimes correspondence are written) shkedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to tear, rend; be torn,
1
shikastanafs modest be rent 2 to be ripped out, be extracted 3 to be torn out 4 to be

shikastanafas modesty opened, be irritated (of a wound) 5 to be dug out 6 to be robbed,
shakshk on end, sticking up be burglarized
shakl m. Arabic [plural: shaklna Arabic plural: shakedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
2
ashk l] type, form, aspect, appearance stand, be stood upright Now Sanak is
in the form of in appearance lucky.
a to chance form, alter appearance b to rework, shkza f. supports, poles (tent, marquee)
transform 2 drawing, sketch, image 3 figure, subject shkel m.
shkln Arabic in shape, in appearance, in form shkell transitive dialect 2
shaklj f. end of a turban shkelavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
shkampr f. Plantago ispaghula (a kind of plantain) hobble
shakmn 1 doubting 2 suspicious, dubious shkelj m. whistle
shakmnv laj m. suspicion, doubt, dubiousness shkeledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
shikn combining form breaking, breaking apart, fragmenting hobbled
antiaircraft shig ra f. 1 pregnant 2 with calf
shikandzh f. shikandz f. 1 instrument of torture shagaranj m. 1 honeycombs 2 wasp nest
(rack, stocks, etc.) 2 literal & figurative vice 3 torture, torment shigrj m. powder flask
to torture, torment 4 bookbinder's press shgln 1 sandy 2 gravelly; granular
shkan f. kind of thick soup made with onion idiom shglna f. sandy soil 2
to meddle in the affairs shgl sandy
of another shglnaj m. anatomy sacrum
shka f. 1 female porcupine 2 barren woman shgmhj m. skink (a lizard)
1 shkor m. 2 shgmhaj m. emery paper
2 shakr Arabic extremely grateful, thankful shgn
3 shukr Arabic 1 thanking, giving thanks 2 m. proper shiguf f. shuguf flower, blossoming to bloom,
name Shukur blossom out
shakurk I really don't know this. shagn m. shugn omen, augury; token
shkorj m. small basket shga f. sand gravel, coarse sand sand
shukk m. Arabic plural of 1 quicksand a mica b talc dunes; sand
A suspicion creeped into their hearts. hillock gold-bearing sand,
1 shkavl 1 to tear, rend He tore his shirt. auriferous sand
2 to tear off, tear out 3 to dig up; pull out 4 to irritate, open (a 1 shigj f. sandy soil
wound) 5 to break off, tear off; rip out 6 to rob, burglarize idiom 2 shgi feminine plural of
to cease going somewhere shgirnj m.
2 shakavl transitive [past: ] to stand on end shgigl m. 1 mica 2 talc
468
1
shal m. 1 pike, javelin, spear, lance 2 staff (with a sharp 1
shilm shlm 1 m. .1 partly-filled grain sack 1.2 poorly-
metal tip) tied bundle 1.3 animal with a pendulous belly 2
2
shl 1 numeral twenty 2 m. [plural: shlgna f.
plural: shli] a score forty sixty 2 shlm numeral twentieth
four hundred scores of rupees compound shalmdna f. botany salep (dried and ground tubers of
verb a to complete some matter, carry something to a conclusion Orchis species, used for food and medicine)
b to effectuate; execute a seemingly impossible task shlmshr m. commander of a detachment or group
I didn't do this and you also will deal with consisting of twenty men
Without me you achieved nothing.
it in vain. shlamavl denominative
Without me you couldn't deal with this matter. ! shlmedl transitive
Willingly! Gladly! shlan 1 fat, stout; burly; plump 2 fatted, well-fed
3
shal shall Arabic paralyzed His legs are shlantb m. shlanv laj m. 1 stoutness;
paralyzed. paralyzed burliness 2 state of nutrition
4
shal m. staircase shlanavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
5
shal m. ram (delivered to the home of the deceased by his make fat, make stout 2 to fatten up, feed up
relatives) shlna f.
shal f. root of the reed mace shlanedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
shall gh m. 1 lash, scourge, whip 2 slap, buffet, box on the grow fat, grow stout; get heavy, become plump 2 to be fattened
cheek up, be well fed
shl na f. 1 toad 2 agama (a lizard) 3 round-head (a shilng m. shilling
species of lizard of the Agamadae family) shalv r m. wide Middle-Eastern-style trousers
shlvn m. shlv m. collective responsibility; shalushl m. shalush m. 1 cripple 2 paralytic
collective guarantee shlavl transitive [past: ] 1 to tear, tear apart; break
shlikiz f. twenty-iki coin off to break the chains of slavery 2 to tear
shalbr m. flimsy cloth, thin cloth off, detach 3 to break off, break apart to sever
shlpl raj ancestry unknown diplomatic relations 4 to stop, cease, curtail 5 to break open,
shlpulj f. twenty-pul coin force, smash 6 to crack (with the teeth)
shlt shalt 1 shlom m. plural
shaltal m. [plural: shaltl n] peach (tree) 2 shlavm present tense, first person of
shalat f. unhusked barley shlombv m. 1 bag in which kurut is pressed or
shlkhta f. brazen woman, shameless woman squeezed into a solid mass
shalkhorka f. giant lizard shlomb f. shlomb skim milk; sour milk saying
1 shalkhj m. sorrel (rumex) figurative to grind water in a mortar literal to
2 shilakh regional blank (of a cartridge) try to shake up or squeeze out sour milk in the air without a bag
shldn f. pearl necklace; necklace figuratively to engage in a fruitless occupation
shlght deformed, ugly (of things) shlomb m.
shalghshaj m. wild sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, shlna f. boil
Saccharum sara 1 shml f. subcutaneous layer of fat (e.g., in sheep)
shalghm m. turnip, rutabaga 2 shallh importunate, persistent
1 shilk m. volley; (gun) salute to fire a salute 3 shla 1
to fire a volley 1 shli Eastern shle plural of 2 one
2 shlk m. a score four hundred hundred and sixty rupees
shalka f. laziness, sluggishness 2 shli m. plural 1 grain, cereal 2 grains, cereals
shilak spent, fired spent cartridge 1 shlta f. 1 large sack (e.g., for transporting straw, cotton) 2
shalg 1 coarsely woven; flimsy (of cloth) 2 m. purse, pouch
shlgna plural of 2 2 2
shalta f. 1 leftovers, leftover food 2 old woolen rag; rags,
shalg f. awn, beard (of wheat) old cloths 3 strumpet, trollop
1 shalgj m. 1 javelin; fish spear 2 metal tip 3 pennant shledl 1 [past: ] .1 to tear, break 1.2 to come off, get
2 shalgj f. shelf; niche detached 1.3 to be severed, be broken, be disrupted (e.g., of
469
diplomatic relations) 1.4 to stop, halt 1.5 to be smashed 2 m. shamsh f.

plural literal break, breach a break in shamshr m. sword; sabre, cavalry sword
diplomatic relations shamsherka f. support brace used in fixing the plowshare
shledlj 1 past participle of 2 torn, rent to the plow beam
shled m. plural literal break, breach, severance, disruption shamshergr m. 1 cutler 2 armorer
shilk m. 1 shm'a f. Arabic candle
shlikj m. dried apricots sham'ad n m. candlestick, candleholder
shall m. nectarine sham'as z m. candle maker
1 sham m. sham' adjective candle
2 sham sticking up, upright shamkalj m. 1 cloth rag (for cleaning millstones) 2 fringe
shm present tense, first person of 1 (for a rug, turban, etc.)
shamtt m. Arabic schadenfreude (pleasure in the shamkr blind; suffering from night blindness
misfortune of an enemy) shamkor f. medicine nyctalopia, night blindness
sham kha f. weed grass shamakj m. 1 common chicory 2 regional dandelion
shm r m. shum r 1 quantity; numbers, numerical strength; shml na f. carelessness, negligence
number a certain quantity to be a shaml f. 1 end of a turban 2 edge, selvage, fringe 3
component part of 2 counting, calculation to count, adornment, pride
compute, reckon shamlad r fringed
shmrl transitive Eastern [past: ] to count, shamn m. 1 idol worshipper 2 idol
calculate shamandrz m. 1 kind of coarse silk-cloth 2 taffeta 3
1
shim l m. Arabic north from north
to south to the north of Kabul shamkha f.
2 sham l m. Arabic (north) wind to ventilate shuml m. Arabic participation with the
A slight wind was blowing. participation of
shim ln-dzhunbn from north to south shumulijt m. Arabic participation to
shim l-i-shar m. the northeast participate with someone in something
shimlishhar northeastern 1
shma f. tent (usually of black goats' wool) a black
shim l-i-gharb m. the northwest tent (of goats' wool) idiom to undertake the impossible
northwest of saying literal A black tent will never be white.
shimaligharb northwestern figurative The leopard cannot change his spots.
shiml northern northeastern 2 shum f. juice (squeezed from fruits)
northwestern the northern lights, the aurora 3 shma f.
borealis smt-i history the Northern 4 shamm f. Arabic odor, smell
District the Northern Provinces (of Afghanistan) 1 shamm Arabic 1 olifactory 2 fragrant, odorous, aromatic
shm n m. garbage, trash 2 sham m. proper name Shami
shamndrz m. silk cloth shmer m. Western 1 quantity; numerical strength; number
shaml m. Arabic plural 1 innate qualities; innate edition (e.g., of a book)
properties 2 talents; merits; virtues population strength, numbers a in great quantity b a
shamdzj f. great quantity to be counted in to be included
shamkha f. in the number 2 calculation arithmetic
shmri m. plural botany fenugreek shmerl transitive [past: ] 1 to count, reckon,
shamzj f. 1 spine, backbone, spinal cord 2 lower back, calculate 2 to suppose, consider 3 to enumerate 4 to count up,
small of the back 3 support list by numbers
shams m. Arabic 1 sun 2 proper name Shams shmerna f. calculation, counting
shams solar the solar year shmernkaj calculator, adding machine
the solar system shamm Arabic sweet-smelling, aromatic
shamsh d m. 1 spruce, fir 2 box (tree) shimst m. chemist
shamshatj f. turtle, tortoise shamim f. Arabic perfume, sweet smell, aroma
shamsham f. 1 splendor, brilliance; pomp 2 honor, esteem
470
shnkht m. 1 acquaintance, acquaintanceship to a fizzle, cause to be a washout 4 to frustrate (plans); bring to

have an acquaintanceship, be acquainted with 2 understanding, naught (efforts)
intellectual grasp; knowledge 3 recognition, identification 4 shna shna feminine singular of 2
regional recognition, perception to recognize, identify shanj 1 fruit of an Indian lilac, Melia sempervirens 2
5 ability, skill 6 mastery (in the execution of circle dancing) walnut (in the husk)
1
shnkhta 1.1 acquainted 1.2 known, recognized 2 m. shanedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
[plural: shnkhtag n] acquaintance, friend barren 2 to be unproductive, be of low-yield 3 to be fruitless, be
2
shn khta f. shn khtsa f. tombstone inscription, without result 4 to be disrupted, be thwarted (plans); fail; come to
epitaph naught (of efforts)
shan z m. shinz 1 inflated hide used to cross rivers 2 shun r m. gerfalcon
wineskin, waterskin shank m. cobbling together, pooling resources (e.g.,
shin s m. combining form knowing, acquainted with money,etc.)
something Orientalist anthropologist shnk a f. stony soil, barren soil
shins f. combining form knowledge, understanding shinkj m. proper name Shinkaj
anthropology Eastern Studies 1 shing m. ash tree
shn ghla f. 1 syrup made of the fruit of the pistachio tree, 2 shng m. 1 peep; soft sound 2 a tiny object, insignificant
Pistacia khinjuk, Pistacia kabulica 2 mixture of ground khinjuk object; tiny bit
and flour shng r m. soft sound
shn lgha f. dough which has not risen shang l m.
1 shnvj f. buttermilk, whey shingrf m. plural 1 cinnabar (color) 2 red ink
2 shnvj 1 with a touch of gray (in the beard) shangrk m. kind of plant
shamb f. shamb f. Western 1 Saturday 2 component 1 shingrj f.
of a name of the week Wednesday 2 shangrj f. form for casting pots
shatj f. stone embankment, quay shingip m. plural
shndzakj f. shndza shndza f. abscess, boil, shnga f. girl who has run off with someone against her
furuncle parents' will
shndzj f. shangshja f. cleaning small stones from rice
shnkhta f. 2 shungl m. botany broomrape, Orobanche
shand m. a kind of falcon or hawk shng m.
1 shindl m. plural 1 1 shangh j m. Shanghai (city)
2 shindl transitive 2 shanl shnl transitive [past: ] 1 to seek, look for 2
1 shnda f. 1 agitation, excitement 2 calamity 3 desperate to search for 3 to grope, rummage 4 to scrutinize, study 5 to
undertaking; senseless affair 4 mockery 5 extravagance explain, check upon, investigate 6 to dig over, hoe up
shind inperfect tense of
2 2
shanna f. 1 search 2 inquiry; raid 3 examination 4 check;
1 shandaj m. star tulip, Tulipa stellata investigation 5 digging over; hoeing up
2 shndi plural of 1 shno oblique plural of
1 shun m. ginger shanav serving
2 shan shn 1 barren, sterile a completely barren 1 m. shinvr plural the Shinvari (tribe) 2 shinvrj m.
(of land) b dry (of a cow) 2 unproductive, not yielding crops 3 Shinvari (tribesman)
fruitless, without result 4 frustrated, unsuccessful shnvlj f. olive tree; olive (fruit)
shn k m. kind of children's game played with pebbles shanavl transitive [past: ] to rock, vacillate, shake,
shunpr shiver, tremble
shantb m. 1
shn 1 masculine plural of 2 m. plural green forage,
shunkz-chrg m. turkey fodder (lucerne grass, clover)
shandv laj m. 1 unfruitfulness; sterility 2 2 shna 1 feminine singular of 2 f. grass; hay
unproductiveness; barrenness 3 washout, fizzle 4 failure shn pervi m. plural disease of the eyes
shanavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to shna ukhl f. whooping cough
render sterile 2 to make unfruitful, make barren 3 to cause to be shna kha f. time before dawn, first light
shna-zarghun f. rainbow
471
shn zmar plural of a to undo, unplait b to become sluggish, become

shna gh a f. whooping cough slow-moving a to become undone, become
shna kavtra f. grey dove unplaited b to be sluggish, be slow-moving
shn ked m. plural 1 growth, germination 2 origin 1
shav l m. Shaval (the western spurs of the Suleiman
shna lukha f. thick smoke, blue-grey smoke Mountains)
shna hari f. botany the green mirobolan (fruit), fruit of 2
shavv l f. Arabic Shawwal (the 10th month of the lunar
Terminalia chebula year)
1
shnaj m. 1 1 2 tick (bloodsucking) 3 poultry shavhd m. Arabic plural of
louse 1 shbla f. 1 placed trampled down by hooves or feet (e.g., on
2
shn f. plural pistachio (fruit) a battleground) 2 old riverbed 3 drainage canal 4 moist soil,
3
shn feminine plural of a to make very sandy soil
liquid, make watery b to cook without seasoning or without 2 shbla f. 1 zoology centipede 2 tank
adding spices (soup, etc.) to be very dilute, watery shobj f.
to lend money at interest shup m. snuffling, slurping (when swallowing liquid food)
shanedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to tremble, shudder; shop m.
shake, swing 2 to quiver; to beat, pulsate shapark m. shavpark bat (the animal)
shned m. shned plural 1 growth; generation 2 origin shopar f. profession of a chauffeur
shan' Arabic base, vile, nasty shop m.
shnelj m. 1 meadow, glade 2 verdure shopsh 1 dispersed, scattered 2 dissipated, squandered
shnevna f. pistachio (the tree) a to disperse, scatter b to dissipate
1 sha m. neighing (of a horse) neighing (of horses) shup m. shop 1 uncircumcized male 2 abusive unbeliever,
to neigh loudly infidel
2 sha 1 frightened 2 having lost consciousness, being shopsh
unconscious shupij n m. loss
sh f. shupij na f. calumny, slander
shash m. rustle, rustling shavtl m.
shshj m. 1 chime 2 trinket shavttaj m. turtle
shashb m. washing of rice to wash rice shutrki f. plural
to be washed (of rice) shavtl m. plural shavtla f. Persian clover
1 shavl transitive shavt f. mortar of slaked lime, ash, etc. (for stuccoing
2 shavl transitive [past: ] to make neigh (a horse) bathhouses, sheds)
shah r m. 1 rustle; rustling 2 neighing (of a horse) 3 shvti f. plural joke to joke
ringing, chime 4 noise, uproar, roar the noise of shu 1 armless 2 legless 3 lame
river 5 whistle (of the wind) shuka f. ear (of corn)
shedl intransitive shul saj armless
1 shu 1 past tense of 1 2 present and future perfective, first 1 shu f. unripe melon
person plural of 1 2 sha feminine singular of
2 sho interjection sho-sho (cry used to halt a donkey) shaj m. armless
shvkhn m. shavkhn 1 suffering, torment, torture shokh 1 playful, mischievous mischievous child 2
shvr spread out, laid out bold, cheeky; brazen
shavrz m. shavrz shokhchshm having lively or crafty eyes
shvravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to shokhushkh immodest; brazen
spread, spread out shokhn m.
shvredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to shokh 1 f. .1 playfulness, mischievousness
spread, extend, unfold; be spread out to joke, speak in a joking tone 1.2 boldness, cheekiness
shv 1 sluggish; slow-moving 2 disorderly 3 crude, rude a to be naughty b to act in a bold or cheeky manner 2.1 lively;
shv a f. unproductive land joking, playful 2.2 cheeky, bold
shv i-shv i 1 divided into small pieces or shreds; shokhn lively, smart, bright; playful, jolly
untwisted, undone 2 sluggish; slow-moving 3 ungainly, awkward shavd na f. anatomy fontanelle
472
shodpj f. white wagtail (the bird) shor-u-ghavgh f. shor-u-farj d m. ruckus and

1 shod m. plural shod f. Eastern 1 milk whole row to cry out, shout
milk skim milk tea and milk a shoravl transitive
wet nurse b adoptive mother 2 milky sap of a plant, latex shor-u-havh f.
2 shod stupid; on the simple side shurav Arabic 1 Soviet the Soviet Union
shodapj f. plural Soviet Government 2 m. .1 the Soviet Union 2
shod f. shud plural dialect milk idiom [plural: shuravij n] a Soviet citizen
literal The milk hasn't been licked off his lips yet. shuravij feminine plural of
figurative He is still a child. shorah r m. 1 noise, splashing (of poured water)
shudj ra f. shorhh f.
shodepj f. plural botany spurge, Euphorbia shur f. Arabic
shod khartsavnkaj m. shodevl m. shuredl intransitive [past: ] to pour out, splash out
milkman, milk merchant, dairyman 1 shu m.
shod vrdzhe f. plural Eastern rice kasha cooked in 2 shu
milk shoaj m. funnel (for pouring liquids from one container to
shong m. 1 a fool 2 calumny, slander another)
1 shor m. noise, ruckus, sensation, stir to shup very dirty
raise a ruckus, brawl, row 2 commotion 3 experience, feeling shutk fine (of cloth)
amatory emotions, feelings of love shushuj f. fireworks
2 shur m. shvr 1 splash (e.g., of water being poured) 2 shukj m.
peep; low noise to cheep complainingly (of hatchlings, shorgj m. 1 mortar 2 vessel in which butter is churned
etc.) shuumb f. plural
shur f. Arabic [plural: shur vi plural: shuavl transitive 1, 2
shurg ni] council (institution) shoa f. shua 1 strainer 2 stopper made of grass 3 old
The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist cloths, rag 4 filaments (on the inflorescence of millet, etc.) 5 a
Republics The Economic and Social large piece of something
Council (of the United Nations) The Security Council shuh r m.
(of the United Nations) The Trusteeship Council shi feminine plural of 2
The Afghan Parliament to form a 1 shuedl intransitive 1
council 2 shuedl intransitive [past: ] to splash (of water)
shorbk m. shorvk m. Shoravak (district 1 shosh m. portico; arch
between Kelat and Kandagar) 2 shosh m. shoshk m. shoshj 1 hot ashes 2
shorb f. brand, smoldering piece of wood
shorpanr m. salted cheese, pickled cheese shughedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to roll from side
shorapsht peevish; violent, unruly to side; to toss (in sleep) 2 to squeak, squeal
shorsh m. rebellion; mutiny; insurrection to shughka f. beard (on an ear of cereal grain)
rebel; instigate mutiny; rise up (in insurgency) shughavl denominative [past: ] to curve, bend;
shorshr m. shorshaghb m. 1 uproar, row 2 distort
agitation, alarm, disturbance 1 shugh f. stiff wool; stiff hairs
shorishvl m. rebel; mutineer; insurgent 2 shugh f.
shor m. anatomy skin of the tongue shughj m. 1 sheep or goat with spots on the ears 2 male
1 shurkj m. with a sparse beard
2 shorakj f. brahmin mynah, black-headed mynah, shughedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
Temenuchus pagodarum bend, curve; become distorted
shormshr m. noise, turmoil; disturbance shau m. Arabic 1 wish, desire, enthusiasm
noise of the street a to evoke a desire in someone b to egg someone on
shurumb f. plural to wish, have a wish, have a desire to
shorv f. strive for knowledge 2 diligence, zeal, interest
473
love or enthusiasm for a matter or business [present: past: ].1 (expresses the perfective aspect of the
enthusiasm to display zeal, show interest verb) in compound verbs and verbs with prepositional
shauangz attractive, alluring Beauty constructions He set out. He is wounded.
attracts. He fell to thinking. She began to cry. 2.2
shauadr m. Shabkadar (the 27th night of the month of (forms the perfective aspect in the passive voice)
Ramadan) The melon has been eaten up. 2.3 (in potential constructions) to
shaumn shaumnd desirous of; wishing for be able I can write. I can go.
something They love walks. I will be able to arise. 2.4 past tense third person masculine
I wanted very much to see that movie. plural vice 3 1
shau shavn 1 wishing for; desirous of something; 2 shul rude, rough
enthusiastic about something 2 m. fan, amateur of something 3 shul compounding word with 3
I'm not a movie fan. He is a sholtkj m.
football fan. sholkh m.
1
shuk 1 torn off, stripped 2 broken off, torn up; torn to sholk m. anatomy skin
pieces 3 robbed sholka f. leech
2 shok m. medicine shock sholkj m. short coat for a child; jacket
shuk ra f. usually plural shukri 1 scratching 2 sholg m.
scratch, abrasion to scratch sholgra f. rice paddy; field under rice cultivation
shauk aj m. 1 soft stone (from which pottery is made) 2 sholmpj m. chaff from rice straw
slate, clayey shale 1 shlo oblique of 1
shukpshk shukpk cut out, cut up into pieces 2 shvlu first person plural past of 1
shavkt m. shaukt Arabic 1 power, greatness; splendor; 3 shvlo dialect vice 1
brilliance 2 proper name Shawkat sholvah m. plural rice straw
shukshk dilapitated, worn-out sholushl m.
shukm r robber, thief, bandit 1 shola f. 1
shuk-mashk 2 shvla f. knife for trimming a (horse's) hoof
shavkr shaukr 3 shvla f. dialect 2
shavkri f. shaukri 4 shol f. watery rice kasha; thin rice gruel
shukavl transitive regional 1 5 shvla feminine of 1
shka f. robbery; burglary; banditry to rob; engage 6 shvl plural dialect vice 1
in thievery 7 shla Hey, you.
shki-pki feminine plural of shvlaghm m. misfortune, calamity, disaster
shukedl intransitive 1 sholajz adjective pertaining to rice-growing, rice growing
shug f. kind of rice 1 shle f. shli plural raw rice, unprocessed rice
shogr m. white rice red rice farinacious rice
shogra f. shogir f. vigilance, vigil, watch translucent rice idiom literal to sell
1 shvl independent perfective of intransitive 1 [present: millet at the price of rice figurative to cheat someone
past: ].1 to happen, occur, come about 2 shvli f. plural gripping (stomach) pains
A serious mistake occured. What happened 3 shvle feminine plural of 1
to you? ... Sometimes it happens that 1.2 4 sholj f. lazy woman
to occur (i.e., "fall" of rain) It rained a lot 1 shum hungry to grow hungry
last year. 1.3 to pass (of time) Five years went by. 2 shum Arabic 1 unhappy, ill-fated, ill-starred 2 miserly 3
1.4 to take place, be held A meeting took place. 1.5 unlucky I had bad luck. 4 serious (of a crisis)
to be effected, be completed The business was effected. 3 shvm first person singular past of 1
1.6 to be born A son was born to Ahmed. 1.7 to shumbkht unhappy, ill-fated
arrive (of news, tidings, etc.) 1.8 to get to, disappear; depart (of a shumtj f. 1 hunger 2 miserliness 3 misfortune, ill
person) Where has my book disappeared to? luck
Where did Ahmed depart to? 1.9 to arrive, come (season) shum f. plural
Spring has come 2 an auxiliary and productive verb
474
shum-shagh l m. 1 wicked, pernicious, or obnoxious man shnaj

2 miserly man, miser 1 shov m. protection; shelter, refuge to protect;
shuml transitive [past: ] 1 to drink in large shelter
gulps; drink at one gulp 2 to quickly gulp down (soup) 2 shvu first person plural participle 1
shoml old, decrepit; worn-out shvnkaj shvnaj possible, probable; feasible
shoml f. plural buttermilk shovinzm m. chauvinism
shumv laj m. 1 shv f. Sissoo tree, Shishma tree, Dalbergia sissoo
shumavl transitive [past: ] to compel to drink at 2 shav 2
a gulp, force to drink in large swallows 3 shv m. plural 1 past tense of 1 2 m. plural
1
the first
shma f. part or division of the night possibility, feasibility
half of the night the time after midnight 4 shva f. past of 1
dialect twilight a quiet night shavatb m. 1 lowering, descent; descending 2 slope,
2 shma f. 1 fodder, feed; food, victuals to feed declivity
(livestock) to obtain food, get nourishment 2 shuj m. shoj 1 coarse cotton-cloth 2
evening meal, supper 3 funeral meal, refreshments served to 2 shoj cry used to drive bullocks and cows
mourners He arranged a nice wake for 3 shvaj past participle of 1
his father to perish to lie on 4 shve f. Nim tree, Azadirachta indica
the damp ground 5 shve f. second person singular and plural of 1
3
shum f. 1 juice, extract (from fruit) 2 meaning, essence of 6 shvj Eastern second person plural, past of 1
something shveda vice
shumadm m. the dead of night 1 shvidi vice
1 shmaj m. 1 swallowing 2 swallow 2 shvajdj vice
2 shum f. shumijt m. 1 starvation, 1 shah m.
undernourishment 2 hunger strike (e.g., in order to force payment 2 sh Eastern past tense of 1
of a debt) 3 miserliness, avarice, greed 3 sha imperative of 1
shonj f. shuj wooden taper, splint of wood used for a shah f. beloved
light, kindling wood shih b shah b m. Arabic [plural: shuhb] 1 falling,
1 shun m. plural ginger star 2 meteor, bolide 3 flame
2 shun m. snout, muzzle shihbuddn m. Arabic proper name Shahabuddin
shun m. man with a hare lip shahdt m. Arabic [plural: shahdatna Arabic
shun n m. plural colloquial form from plural: shavhd] 1 testimony, evidence
shunpr having a harelip written testimony, deposition regional eyewitness
shunk m. [plural: shunkna plural: evidence regional oral testimony, oral evidence
shunk n] 1 trunk (of an elephant) 2 proboscis (e.g., of a bee) to testify to something 2 martyrdom (for a belief,
shunkj ugly, repulsive (of a person) idea) to perish, die (for a belief, an idea)
shunkz chrg m. turkey shahdatnm f. certificate; testimonial; diploma
shun shahmt m. Arabic 1 valor, bravery, courage 2 nobility;
shunavr 1 thick-lipped 2 with wide rims (of pottery) noble qualities
shua f. [plural: shuni plural: shun n] lip shahb z m. fretboard (of a rabab)
to bite the lips literal to bite the shhad shhd m. Arabic plural honey
lips figurative to be surprised, be astounded shuhad m. Arabic plural of 2
Fida's mustaches are beginning to grow. a to 1 shahr m. city
grumble at, feel hurt b to plan an evil action a 2 shuhr m. Arabic desperate undertaking
He was annoyed and fell silent. b He became agitated. 3 shahr m. [plural: shuhur] Arabic month
shunz linguistics labial shahr-ul-'sl m. Arabic honeymoon
shunshn m. whistle, howling (of the wind) shahrpan h f. city walls; city fortifications
shnkaj shuhrt m. Arabic glory, fame the pursuit of
shung m. glory to become renown,
shvna f. coming into being; realization
475
acquire fame vainglory to sheb f. 1 instant, wink, twinkling in an

be outstanding instant; instantaneously, instantly 2 moment; time
shahrsz f. town-planning shortly thereafter from time to time
shahr city, municipal He reflected for quite a long time.
shahrij r m. monarch, emperor, ruler, czar somewhat later mealtime 3 heavy rain, pouring
shahrijr 1 monarchic, imperial king 2 f. rain, a downpour to rain buckets
monarchy; reign, realm 1 shit 2
shahzdagj shahzdgj f. princess 2 shet m.
shahzd m. prince shajt n m. 1 slanderer 2 debauchee; faker 3
shahsav r m. dashing rider shajtnkhv m. ant lion, doodle bug (larva)
shahsavr f. horseback riding shitpsht scattered
shahk r excellent to relate a shit m. coarse cloth
fascinating tale shtakhvul shtakhul with open mouth
shahl Arabic grey-eyed shetj f. 1 tip (of an arrow) 2 ear of maize
shahnj f. flute shi f. ear of maize (not cleaned)
shahnd kind of falcon shajkh m. shekh Arabic [plural: shajk n Arabic
shahanshh f. 1 sovereignty 2 empire plural: shujk plural: mashjkh] 1 elder, venerable
shah f. old man, sheik 2 spiritual advisor 3 convert to Islam (in India)
shahvt m. Arabic lust, concupiscence, sexual desire shikhdv m. shekhdv
shahvatparst shahvat concupiscent, lustful shajkh f. boasting, bragging to boast, brag
1 shuhd m. Arabic 1.1 presence 1.2 intuition 2 present, shajd 1 crazy, maddened 2 madly in love poetry a
one present or attending lovelorn butterfly
2 shuhd m. Arabic plural of shidlohaj m. milk pitcher, milk container
shuhr m. Arabic plural of 3 shid f. plural Western milk dried milk
shahj f. rice kasha in milk wet nurse to give
shahd Arabic 1 killed, slain 2 m. [plural: shahid n milk, yield milk (cow) a to give milk b to breast-
Arabic plural: shuhad ] .1 martyr (for a belief, idea) feed, nurse idiom to love one
a to kill b to disgrace a to be killed b to die a another to be very friendly, love one another
martyr's death 2.2 victim (e.g., of a flood) shidj ra f.
shahn m. 1 kind of falcon 2 beam (of a scale) 3 camel gun shideval m. milkman, dairyman
shahinch m. history cannon-founder, cannon-maker she m. lampshade
1 shaj m. Arabic Western [plural: shij n shj n Eastern 1 sher m. 1 tiger 2 lion literal Be either a
plural: shi plural: shijna Arabic plural: ashj ] 1 lion or a jackal. figurative All or nothing. 2 The Lion
thing, object school equipment What is of the Gods (an epithet of the Prophet Ali) 3 proper name Sher
that? nothing, a trifle shi He Sher Afzal Sher Ali
wants for nothing. to unify, unite 2 question, problem, 2 shir m. milk
matter 3 [plural: shij n shj n plural: ashj ] goods, 1 sherz f. 1 order; state of being put in good order,
commodities industrial goods correctness 2 knots, cords, ligatures (fastening something) 3
commodity products hemstitch, whipstitch, overstitch 4 stitching (bookbindery) 5
2 shi plural of 1 buttress (on the wall of a fort)
3 shi present tense of 1 2 shir za f. sher za sour milk (used as a cooling drink)
4 she second person present of 1 shirz f. happiness, joy
5 shj imperative plural of ! Pass along! 1 shirn m. plural the Shirani (tribe) 2 shirn j m.
shi dza f. Shirani (tribesman)
shajtn m. Arabic plural of sherbabr m. lion
shij n Western plural of 1 sherbabra f. lioness
shajb m. Arabic 1 grey hair 2 old age, declining years sherbach m. 1 history Cub Scout 2 lion cub
1 shebar f. medicine typhus shirbirndzh m. rice kasha with milk
2 shibra f. relief; easiness shirch j m. singular & plural tea with milk
476
shirch tea blossoms with milk shirin f. 1 candy, sweets, delicacies the
sherkh n m. Sherkhan (city) Sherkhan (a river candy industry 2 sweetness to sweeten, sweeten up;
port, formerly Kizil-kala) colloquail to arrange party on the occasion of a betrothal or
sherkht m. engagement 3 nectar 4 tip, gratuity 5 eloquence
shirkhsht m. manna or dried sap from the Cotoneaster (a shirinib b m. plural sweets, candies
flowering shrub, Cotoneaster nummularia) shirinipz m. confectioner, candy maker
sherkht m. sherkhat (a kind of game) to play shirinifursh m. confectioner, candy merchant
sherkhat she having inflamed eyelids, having inflamed eyes
shirkhr shirkhra 1 being
shirkh r she squint-eyed, one-eyed
nourished with milk a breast-fed child 2 breast-fed sheatb m. squint-eyed condition, strabismus
child shishtv f. cow or sheep giving little milk
1
shird n m. 1 milk jug 2 abomasum (fourth division of the shishtj m. spoke (of a wheel)
stomach in ruminant animals, a source of rennet) shish m. black-billed thrush, Turdus atrogularis
2 sherd n sherdahn m. tap, spigot 1 shishk m. 1 niche, bay, arch; shelf 2 vault, cupola
shersh v m. jeweler's balance 2 shishk m. three-year-old ram
shirshirk m. pasture, meadow 1 shishka f. witch; (fairy-tale) hag idiom
1 sherk m. blanket fables, fairy tales
2 shirk m. unripe maize-grain 2
shshka f. 1 twig, shoot 2 narrow stripe, pattern (e.g., on
shirkaj f. cow which has given milk for a year a rug)
sherka f. shishgj m. hedgehog
sherkj 1.1 brave, valorous 1.2 bragging, boastful 2 m. .1 shishn 1 suckling, nursing (of a male) lamb 2 m. lamb;
brave man 2.2 braggart, boaster to boast suckling ram
shirgrm warm shishnj m. neighing (of a horse)
sherm m. proper name Sheram shishnedl intransitive [past: ] to neigh (horse)
shirmhj m. small fish shish f. 1 looking glass 2 vial 3 heliograph
shirmst 1 suckling (of a male lamb) 2 m. suckling shajt n m. Arabic [plural: shajtn n Arabic plural:
shirn shajti] 1 evil spirit, Satan, devil, demon 2 wretch;
shirv r m. mischievous person ant lion (larva)
1 shirvn f. 1 kind of dress 2 hipped roof shajtnm b Arabic 1 satanic, diabolical, devilish 2 base
2 shirvnj f. 1 roof of brush and earth (hipped) 2 child's (of a person)
cloak shajt na feminine of
shirushakr m. 1 close friendship, intimacy 2 kind of silk 1 shajtn f. 1 2 satanic, devilish, diabolical
cloth 2 shajt ni f. plural of
1
shir f. 1 sweet syrup 2 juice digestive juice 3 shajtant m. 1 dirty tricks, (diabolical) machinations; mean
buttermilk to which fresh milk has been added 4 sweet gruel (for tricks 2 malice, spite 3 joke, prank roguish
newborns) eyes, crafty eyes
2 shir m. 1 child at breast, nursling 2 suckling shi'a 1 Arabic m. .1 [plural: shi'ag n m. Arabic
shirad r juicy plural: Arabic plural: shij] Shiite 1.2 sect, party
shirijkh m. ice cream 2 adjective Shiite
shirn 1.1 sweet 1.2 pleasant; nice; kind, good a shi'atb m. shi'av laj m. Shiah (movement in
to make sweet b to make pleasant, render pleasant a Islam)
to be made sweet b to be made pleasant 2 m. proper name shef m. 1 supervisor 2 chief
Shirin sheft madly in love
shirinbuj f. licorice root, licorice plant, licorice shik smart, chic ostentatious clothes, rich clothing
shirinzab n shirinzub n 1 eloquent; golden-tongued, shikg f. Chicago (city)
sweet-tongued 2 affectionate, caressing shekd r checked, checkered
shirinka f. pimple shigra f. heavy rain, downpour
shiringuft r shig m. abductor of a young girl from her parents
shirna f. proper name Shirin shiga:
477
shelv f. uniform irrigation of land 2

shind m. plural 1 sowing, crops 2 sprinkling, spraying 3
1 shel f. 1 shallow gully, depression; hollow low place spreading, throwing about 4 radiation (of light) 5 expenditure of
canyon 2 dry riverbed something; squandering (of money)
2 shel to give a sidelong glance 1 shindj m. family of leguminous plants
shelapng m. man fleeing from something; one shirking 2 shind present tense of 2
work shinn m. 1 green and overgrown pond 2 green valley 3
shelj 1 dark green 2 m. dark-green cloth Shindand (city, formerly Sabzevar)
shim f. chemistry shinavlj m. half-withered crops, wilting crops
shimst m. chemist shinj f. concern, pains, troubles, endeavors
shimjj chemical shinrangn dressed in green clothing
shin 1 f. shna m. [plural: shn f. plural: shne] shinzmarj m. 1 lion 2 brave man, courageous fellow
.1 sky blue, blue; green green orchard shingraj
m. man with grey streaks in his beard
a to grow, sprout (plants) b to plant with trees and shrubs c to shinstrgaj blue-eyed
make blue, make green; dye blue or green d to get a bruise, get a 1 shinsraj m. yellow wagtail
black and blue mark to beat someone black 2 shinsre broad-billed duck
and blue a to grow; germinate b to flourish shinsurkhj 1 light grey 2 m. horse with light-grey coat
(of plantings) c to be dyed blue or green d to become blue, shinshbaj m. sage
become green e to turn red (from laughter) 1.2 pure, clear (of the shintot m.
sky) Today the sky is clear. Today is a clear day. shinghaj m. blue throat (the bird)
1.3 sad, mournful He is feeling blue. 1.4 grey shingh m. plural unripe melons
(of an animal's coat), slate grey the grey dove 2.1 m. shingha f. index finger
proper name Shin 2.2 blueness; blue color; verdure, greenness shinghzaj m. great tamarisk
idiom violent weeping a beard streaked with grey shinghda f. lapwing (the bird)
shin-am completely illiterate shinklj f. twig, sprig, shoot
shinp aj m. water lily shinkvum m. 1
shinpsh m. regional member of the Muslim League shinkumka f. shinkma f. 1 turtledove 2
(Pakistan) slate-blue dove, blue-grey dove
shintatj m. turtle, tortoise 1
shinkj 1 green; blue blue sky 2 m. .1 grass
shintaj m. cliff-dwelling nuthatch 2.2 unripe melon 2.3 clay pot (glazed) 2.3 proper name
shintgh m. Shinkaj
shintb m. 2
shinkj f. 1 singular of 1 2 f. .1 clay pot (glazed)
shintopj f. white wagtail 2.2 proper name Shinki
shintot m. 1 green parrot 2 roller (bird), Coraciidae shin-ked m. plural
shin gh m. shin ghaj roller (bird), Coraciidae shingaj m. unripe fruit
shinopka f. shinopj f. white wagtail shingrj f. 1 portico 2 turret
shindzh vaj m. fading seedling, dying seedling, sapling shing-ping torpid, slow-moving
shindzhakj f. Western shinga f. shingj f.
shinchaghzj f. pistachio shingl m. proper name Shingul
shinchambj m. dyer shinglaj m. botany broomrape, Orobanche
shinkhaj m. shingj m. packhorse
shinkhvarka f. blue agama (lizard) shinlj m.
1 shindl m. plural 1 cattle droppings 2 dampness shinmghzaj m. shinmndzaj m. melon with
2 shindl transitive [past: ] 1 to scatter, strew 2 to green pulp
sow 3 to sprinkle, spurt, squirt 4 to spread, scatter about, throw shinv laj m. 1 blue color 2 growth, sprouting
about 5 to radiate (light) 6 to expend something; to squander (of a plant)
(money) to throw dust in the eyes shinvbra blue, green
1
shind imperfect tense of 2 shinbaj m. buttermilk
shinvrgaj 1 grey coated (of an animal) 2 blue
shinvlaj m. white poplar
478
1
shnaj m. 1 medicine whitlow, felon, paronychia 2 tick 3 hdmn jolly, joyful, exultant
louse (bird louse) hdmni 1 feminine plural of 2 cheerfulness, joy,
2 shin dialect feminine plural of exultation
shinedl intransitive ( ) hdnm f. cheerfulness, gladness, joy
shjo oblique of 1 hdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
shuju' Arabic 1 communistic 2 m. Communist gladden, cheer, divert, amuse
shuju'ijt m. Arabic Communism 1
hd 1 f. joy, gladness, cheerfulness 2 f. carousal,
shevn m. poetry sobbing, weeping, crying celebration; celebration of a family event (e.g., birth, circumcision,
shu'n m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 2 prerogatives wedding) a to have a good time, be cheerful, exult b to
the rights of nations play, celebrate a wedding 3 m. proper name Shadi
shu'unt m. second plural of 2 h di f. plural of
1 shev f. 1 matter, deed 2 habits, manners 3 coquetry, khdjn f. 1 joy, gladness, cheerfulness 2 exultation (on
flirting the occasion of a wedding, etc.) 3 epithalamium, wedding song
2 shev 1 lowered, let down to lower, let down hdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a to descend, sink; go down rejoice, be cheerful, have a good time 2 to exult
The road constantly descended. b to arrive somewhere khdedna f. joy; gladness; cheerfulness; exultation;
a to submerge, sink b to become absorbed (e.g., in carousal (on occasion of a wedding, etc.)
thought) 2 lower down; downwards hr m. 1 city a out of town (location) b out of
shevagr m. 1.1 master craftsman, expert 1.2 artisan 2 town (motion) 2 Shar, Khar (city, the admininstative center of
adjective expert, skillful, masterly Badjaur)
hrsz f. town planning
hrk m. khrg m. 1 wooden plug (e.g., for a mill,
oil press) 2 anatomy jugular vein 3 artery, important route
idiom a vitally important question
hin khe the twenty-third letter of the Pashto alphabet
hprk m. haperk m. bat hrgaj m. small town
1 hperj m. demon, imp hranj city city dwellers, urban population
2 hperj f. [plural: hperj ni plural: hr f. 1 minah (bird) 2 beloved, darling (woman)
hperjg ni] 1 fairy siren; mermaid 2 proper
hrv l m. 1 mayor, head of municipality, principal officer
of a city 2 city dweller
name Shahperi
h dza f. hrv laj m. kharvli f. city administration, municipality
hts m. arrogance, conceit kharv li kharvlj
htsedl intransitive [past: ] to put on airs; be
hrokj f. black-headed mynah bird, brahmin mynah bird
haughty
1 hronj m. male mynah bird
hkh m. 1 branch, twig; shoot; offshoot 2 branch (of a tribe)
2 hronj f. khrunj f.
3 tributary, feeder stream (of a river) 4 spur, branch (of a
hr f. 1 small town, large village 2
mountain range) 5 branch (of an enterprise) 6 field, sphere (of
hr harj 1 city, urban, municipal city life,
urban ways 2 m. city dweller
acitivity)
hkhd r hghp m. 1 hungry man 2 greedy man, grasping man
hkhk m. hghpa f. from
hkhln 1 branch 2 branching hghl transitive [past: ] 1 to love 2 to esteem 3
to prefer
hkhl f. 1 twig 2 offshoot
hakhvr having thick branches hghltb m. haghltj f. 1 esteem, honor 2
preference
h kha f. narrow path
hkhj f. pitchfork hghlaj 1.1 dear 1.2 esteemed, honored !
hd cheerful, joyful, content ! Sirs! 1.3 pleasing, nice 2 m. sir, Mr. !
Honored sirs!
! ! May God bless you! (good
wishes to a woman)
h lma f. stickiness; viscosity
hd n hlng 1 bandy-legged 2 occupied with something
hldz hlz 1 fresh; blooming 2 succulent
479
hliz f. 1 freshness 2 succulence hedl khjedl intransitive [present:

hm r m. 1 dragon 2 monster present: past: ]obsolete 1 to be required, to befit 2
1 h nda f. knowledge, familiarty, acquaintanceship to be in keeping with, to suit
2 hnd imperfect tense of hjedna f. hjed m. plural obligation
hnk m. 1 large wooden trough, wash trough 2 wooden hpa f. Eastern leg
dish 3 peddler's or marketman's wooden high-sided stand hpta f. 1
wooden vat hpetavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
hnakj m. 1 small trough, wash trough 2 small booth; torture with a sharpened stake
hawker's tray hpem n dialect
hngr m. hng m. sharp leg pains hatr f. wooden snow shovel
hngavr 1 long-legged 2 lanky long-legged 1 hatr m. regional Hindu merchant, Hindu shopkeeper
ant 2 hatr plural of
h nga f. 1 leg from the thigh to the instep; lower or nether hatkarj m. hatgarj m. ankle, anklebone
extremity 2 spur (of mountains) 3 neck of a skin bag hche vice It is good. It is good that he has
hngavr come.
hngj f. pitchfork hdzakj f. colloquial wench
khv t m. kulba of land (a measure of land equal to 50 to 150 hadzalj sorrel, Rumex
dzheribs) hdzmni f. plural women, female sex
hvl m. hdzankaj 1 effeminate 2 effete a to be
hvndaj m. effete b to acquire the characteristics of a woman (of a man)
hhrg m. anatomy the jugular vein hdznj 1 effete life in comfort 2 feminine,
hh imperfect of pertaining to women
hh f. 1 shahi, shaj (coin worth 1/20 of a kran) hdzkaj hdzunk
hjst m. 1 beauty; attractiveness; charm 2 elegancy 3 hdza 1.1 woman women's gymnasium
adorment to be adorned (secondary school), women's lyce Women's
hjst f. proper name Shaisto, Shaista Philanthropic Society to mature (of a girl)
hjstv laj m. 1.2 woman, wife to reject a wife; divorce a wife
hjstkaj beautiful; nice; pleasing; nice-looking, to deal with someone's wedding to
charming marry, take a wife to marry (of a woman) 1.3
hjstogj f. proper name female (of animals) 2 attributive female, feminine sex idiom
hjst 1.1 beautiful; attractive; nice-looking, cute to grow cowardly, experience fear, be frightened
to adorn to adorn oneself, be adorned hdzatb m.
with something to grow prettier 1.2 large, fairly 1 hdz f. femininity
large 2.1 very; well a fairly large herd of 2 hdzi plural of
goats very good, very well We hdzitob m. 1 married state (for a woman) 2
had a very good time. 2.2 fairly, reasonably 3 m. proper name female sex
Shaista hdzin 1 women's, female (of dancing, etc.); lady's (of a
hjstatb m. khjstav laj m. hat, etc.)
hjstagaj htsrlj m. chisel
h ja Eastern imperative of vice 1 htsj ka f. swallow (the bird)
1 h ji Eastern present tense of vice 1 1 hakh 1 buried 2 interred, entombed (of the dead)
2 h ji h i 1 it is necessary, one has to, it should, it is 2 hakh stiff, hard, firm
required, it is fitting you should, you need to hkhnd m. hkhandj m. swamp, quagmire, bog
as is fitting Now this is hakhv laj m. burial, interment
what you have to do 2 probably, possibly hakhavl denominative, transitive Eastern [past: ]
You probably know that 1 to bury, inhume 2 to entomb, inter 3 to thrust into, plunge into,
It is possible that our teacher will come. pierce
480
hakhavng m.
hakhavna dialect 1 burying, boast, flaunt 3 in appearance, outwardly,
inhumation 2 internment, entombment, sepulture 3 plunging by appearance
into, thrusting into, piercing hkr kavl m. plural
hakhavnkj 1 present participle of 2 m. boasting, conceit
gravedigger 1
hkr m. 1 hunter (of animals and birds) 2.1 adjective
hakhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be hunting hunting rifle 2.2 raptorial, of prey
buried, be inhumed 2 to be entombed, interred 3 to be pierced; raptorial birds, birds of prey 2.3 adjective military pursuit,
stick into fighter fighter aircraft, pursuit plane
hakhedna f. hakhed m. plural burial, interment, 2 hr present tense of
funeral, graveside rites hkredl denominative [present: present:
hr f. prayer calling down misfortune upon someone past: ] 1 to become clear, become evident, become
to wish someone every kind of disaster, curse obvious 2 to appear to be, seem It seemed that
hrghalj m. 1 anthill 2 nest (of insects) 3 to manifest itself (of a disease) 4 to be visible, appear
hrkanj m. Eastern site of an ancient settlement, ruins of a hkl f. 1 tread 2 whisper 3 dull noise, obscure noise,
city sound, rustle
hrn m. saline (of soil) saline soil 1
hklav f. difficulty, obstacle
harva f. yew 2
hklv f. 1 rumble, uproar (of voices) 2 agreement 3
hara f. 1 barren land 2 saline soil tread the tread of feet
haramgha f. saline soil 1 hk ndza f.
hkr m. 1 hunting; catching (mining, fishing, etc.) 2 hndz imperfect of
birding pearl fishing fishing hkatanj Eastern the lower floor of a
to hunt, go hunting 2 game, catch to bag, building
catch to be bagged, caught 3 victim hkta hkta Eastern 2
hkrdz j m. hkta ked m. plural 1 descent 2 landing; loss of
hkrdzn hkarzn m. hunter altitude 3 reduction, lowering; fall (prices)
hkrghalj m. hkrg h m. hunting grounds hkatav laj m. 1 descent 2 low place, depression
hkrnd 1 well-known; apparent, obvious 2 noticable, hkr m. [plural: hkr plural: hkrna
visible 3 introducing someone Western plural: khkr n] 1 horn (of an animal)
hkrndj hkrndj 1 known; apparent, obvious 2 m. to butt, lift on the horns to come to grips in
.1 one who expresses something 2.2 proper name Khkarandoj battle, come to blows 2 medicine cupping glass a to
hkrnda be gored, be butted b to employ cupping glasses 3 powder flask
hkrz m. agricultural worker, tiller, peasant 4 a part of the housing for a set of millstones idiom
hkruztb m. hkruz f. agriculture, tilling This child is without supervision.
the soil to engage in agriculture It is not known how this matter will end. to
1 hkravl 1 [past: ] .1 to show, present (e.g., give oneself airs to oppose, resist
documents) 1.2 to disclose, reveal 1.3 to make known, expose hkravr 1 horned 2 m. abusive cattle
1.4 to explain; elucidate; clear up, elaborate 2 m. plural 1 hkrj m. 1 pod (bean) 2 curl, lock
2 hkr adjective horn, of horn (articles)
2 hkravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to 3 hkarj f. 2
hunt; catch, bag to net fish idiom 1 hkul m. kiss compound verb to kiss
to charm, entrance, captivate someone 2 hkl transitive [past: ] Eastern 1 to pull out,
hkravna f. 1 presentation, submission (of a document) 2 draw out; drag, extract; drag out, pull out (e.g., a tooth) to
disclosure, revelation 3 exposure, unmasking; clearing up, pull down 2 to drive out (e.g., from a home) 3 to take off
elaboration (clothing) 4 to strip off, flay (a hide) 5 to drive out; banish, send
hkr 1 manifest, evident; clear, obvious an away 6 to tear away (from work) 7 to recover a debt 8 to write
obvious error The reason is obvious. ... 9 to mark; draw 10 to express, press out (juice) 11 to present,
It is also clear that ... 2.1 manifestly 2.2 clearly; show (e.g., documents) 12 to acquire the means to live, earn a
openly ... We openly declare that livelihood 13 to receive (wages) 14 to eliminate; dismiss (from a
1 a to show, reveal, prove oneself b to job) 15 to transport a load, carry cargo 16 to dig, excavate an
481
irigation well 17 to invent 18 to introduce (e.g., as a custom) 19 hlna f. pimple, boil

with a number of nouns forms stable phraseological compounds or hndza f. furuncle to appear, erupt (of a furuncle)
bound forms to bend efforts; try to lean on (for handl khndl transitive [past: ] 1 to make a
support) 2 present; distribute; present 2 to spend
hkl f. 1 beauty beautifully They spent a lot of money on his wedding. 3 to grant,
There is nothing attractive in that sight. 2 decoration bestow (e.g., a favor) This didn't do any
hklpezhandna f. aesthetics good. All this was useless. 4 to emit (radiation) 5 to exert
hklkr f. decoration; trim (of a building) (influence); effect (an action)
hkultb f. handna f. hndna 1 gift, bestowal; reward
hkultj m. good deed; alms to do good, create good actions 2
hkulavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kiss expenditure 3 collective gift (e.g., at a wedding)
She smothered her child in kisses. hndnaj 1 giving; distributing; generous 2 spending
1 hklaj beautiful; attractive a beautiful hnda f. 1 excess 2 disaster; misfortune
name khkli the decorative arts to hnj f.
decorate; embellish, adorn to be decorated hnza f.
with something hnghlj m. anatomy femoral socket
2
hklj 1 past participle of 2 2 m. .1 letter, message hank m.
2.2 hkli fate, destiny hankaj m. small wooden basket
hkulitb m. 1 beauty; attractiveness 2 decoration 1 hng m. ash tree
hkuledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be 2 hng m. 1 clot of blood 2 frozen earth
smothered in kisses hngr m.
hkandz f. cursing, swearing, verbal abuse to hangrh m. front fastening of a sandal
curse, swear, abuse verbally hngraj hungraj m. 1 2 anatomy
hkandzl transitive [past: ] 1 to swear at, anklebone
curse, abuse someone verbally 2 m. plural hangsraj m. hanghr m.
to thoroughly curse someone out to dislocate the hip
hkandzli f. khkandzna f. plural hangl m. saline soil
1 hkavl hkavl transitive [past: ] 1 to roll 1 hanglj f. hard soil, soil impervious to moisture
along, roll up 2 to fling, hurl 3 to loosen (a stake, etc.) 4 to 2 hangl salt extracted from nitrous soil
shake (a tree) hangorj f.
2 hkul transitive dialect hangj f. ring (for fastening sheep)
hkulavl transitive dialect ha f. 1 leg (from hip to sole) 2 iliac bone idiom
hklaj 1 1 2 good (of morals) ! Lovable to saw into pieces
one! Beloved! (as a form of address) 1 hu m. plural Eastern punk, tinder, amadou
hkum m. advice, counsel; wish, desire 2 ho m. plural of 1 to discredit, run down
hkmaj m. well-wisher hv laj m.
hkuj m. 1 way of writing, spelling; written account 2 letter, hv na f.
message hba f. water tap, spigot
hke 2 hvabj 1 barehanded 2 unarmed
hkedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to slip, slip off 2 fall huthl transitive [past: ] to make a hole, make an
hkedna f. 1 slipping 2 falling, fall aperture; make a hole in, pierce, perforate
hkel m. 1 hobbles compound verb to hobble htsa f. htsa 1 medicine .1 nettle-rash 1.2 hole,
compound verb to be hobbled 2 fraud, cheating aperture 2 impatient; irritable
hkelavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to hodl [present: past: ] 1.1 indicate, show
hobble 2 to cheat, defraud to show the way Experience
hkeledl intransitive indicated that 1.2 to teach, instruct, explain (a task, a lesson)
hkenj 1 downstream, blowing from the south (of a wind) 2 1.3 to exhort, give instructions 1.4 to teach a good lesson to
lower 3 southern a southerner (i.e., Indian, Pakistan) someone 1.5 to introduce to, acquaint with someone 1.6 to
hal m. stairway present, submit (a document, etc.) 1.7 to speak, say 2 m. plural
482
idiom a to appear, show up b to give oneself root, rummage around (in something) 6 to not come to pass, not
airs, become conceited; brag to pretend, mask, eventuate, not come true (of a dream, hope)
disguise oneself 2 hvaredl denominative, intransitive Eastern
hodna f. 1 indication, demonstration 2 study, training, horedna f. 1 agitation, stirring 2 physics oscillation 3
teaching 3 counsel, instruction; showing 4 submission, rocking motion 4 oscillatory motion
presentation (document) 5 theatrical presentation horednkaj 1 present participle of 1 2 unsteady,
1
hod imperfect of to pretend to be shaky
someone else hored m. plural
2 hod imperfect of 1 humk m. Murrain disease of donkeys
1 hor m. worry, anxiety to worry, be huvn m. olive, olive tree olive oil, salad oil
anxious 1 olive tree
2 hor m. 1 nest (of wasps, etc.) 2 anthill 3 honeycombs, hovndzaj m.
beehives hung m. 1 corner 2 edge, tip (of an object)
3 hur m. rake, scraper hungraj m. hoof (cloven)
horht m. 1 movement 2 vacillation 3 shaking, hung m. numbness of the legs
vibration (from an explosion) hnga f.
horkj m. sorrel, Rumex 1 hungj limping
hormhr m. 1 noise, uproar 2 stir 3 swarm (insects) 2 hngi plural of
horm gha f. saline, alkaline soil hunalj m. olive tree orchard
horn saline, alkaline hna f.
hornd hornda 1 agitating, exciting 2 fluttering, hovl transitive
swinging; swinging back and forth 3 moving 4 active, lively (of hovndz j m. hovndzj m. school
a man) elementary school
horna f. saline, alkaline soil secondary school trade school; school for
horv f. khorv vi [plural: ]soup craftmen
chicken soup 1 hovnkaj m. 1 teacher 2 trainer
horavl transitive [past: ] 1 to trouble, agitate, 2 hovnke f. teacher (female)
sway, cause to shake; rock, rock back and forth; shake (a tree, etc.) hovna f. 1 demonstration; showing, displaying 2
2 to move, put in motion 3 to budge 4 to wave (e.g., the hand) 5 instruction, direction to give someone the
to shake up 6 to shake vigorously to rouse oneself necessary instruction 3 teaching, instructing the
to acquire something academic year
1 hor f. 1 saline, alkaline soil saline, alkaline soil 1 hovnaj m. 1
2 fertilizer 3 botany saltwort, Salsola 4 saltpeter 2 hovni m. plural of
saltpeter hvahavl huhavl transitive
2 hra imperfective imperative of 1 hvahavna huhavna
horam gha f. saline, alkaline soil hvahedl huhedl intransitive
horan k hora 1 saline, alkaline 2 barren, 1 hvaj m. wooden spade
unfruitful 2 hvaj 1.1 smooth (of paper) 1.2 slippery 1.3 beardless
1 hraj m. 1.4 counterfeit, fake counterfeit rupee 1.5 hypocritical
2 horj m. eye disease of cattle 1.6 fraudulent, knavish a hypocrite b swindler, cheat
3 hor present tense of 1 1.7 figurative smooth, facile, fluent (of speech, language) 1.8
4 hor plural of 1 polished; finished 2.1 smoothly; lightly to skip over,
1 horedl intransitive [present: present: ] scan lightly 2.2 in a slippery way the good life, a life
[past: ]1 to be agitated, heave; reel, oscillate; swing, of ease
swing oneself 2 to shiver to quiver, struggle (of a hvajh k hvajhh k disappearing,
caught fish on a line) 3 to move, put into motion vanishing to disappear, vanish
I cannot move from the spot. 4 to make a stir hvajakj m. 1 quick man, agile man, efficient man 2
I really couldn't stir. 5 to fiddle around (with something), bright man; sly man, clever man 3 swindler, fraud
483
hvajnd hvajnd r Eastern slippery khvend r 2

ha 1 feminine singular of 1 good weather 2 f. .1
a slippery place good, the good (both abstract and concrete)
hvajndkaj m. skating rink; toboggan slide Sanak was good to me. 2.2 advantage, benefit to
hvajndj crawling, creeping (of animals) render useless I will prove useful to you.
hvajandj m. Eastern This is an insignificant thing. 2.3
hvajv laj m. 1 smoothness 2 slipperiness 3 agility, well-being, prosperity 3 good, well a It is well
quickness, efficiency 4 brightness, slyness, cleverness 5 trickery, that b It would be well if ; It would be better if
fraud, deceit 2 ! ! So long! Good-bye! Good
hvajavl transitive [past: ] 1 to make to slide 2 luck! ! May God give you success! I wish you
to skate, slide to slide, skate along on something 3 to success! They do not like this.
misdirect 4 to defraud; deceive someone 5 to polish hah f. 1 good (abstract) 2 mercy, charity
hvajavna f. hhk echoic word with
hvja f. singular of 2 1 hah na f. hah a f. good (abstract); advantage
hvja-hl ka 1 having smooth walls 2 impregnable idiom to honor someone; show respect for
(of a fortress) somebody
hvajedl intransitive [past: ] 1.1 to slide 1.2 to hahb z m. peacemaker, mediator
skate, glide 1.3 to crawl, creep to crawl, go htar 1 very best 2 better, best The
on all fours 1.4 to slip He slid. He slipped. 1.5 to situation became clearer. The question became clearer.
collapse, cave in 1.6 to err; be deceived 1.7 to go astray 2 m. htrh htra 1 very best, best of all 2 best way
plural collapse, cave-in of all, best possible, best of all
hvajedna f. hvajed m. plural 1 sliding 2 htb m.
skating, gliding 3 slip, error, mistake, inaccuracy hchrkaj khch raj virtuous
hvajednaj m. sleigh, hand sled h dzvn m. 1 generous man, magnanimous man,
1 h 1 ha f. m. [plural: h f. plural: he] .1 hospitable man 2 good young man
good a good horse good people a good hadzvn f. 1 generosity, magnanimity 2 spirit, mettle,
dress 1.2 good (in various senses) good work dash
a goodwill mission 1.3 pleasing a pleasant voice 1.4 hhr hhr m. city
suitable, fit, appropriate not bad, quite good hr ghle f. & m. plural encounter, meeting; greeting
This matter is not for you. 1.5 advantageous 1.6 to meet; greet
healthy I'm healthy. a to improve, ameliorate ha rvadz f.
to improve the situation of employees b to hahr hahrj
display charity to get along with someone; treat hzaj adjective good, kind a good lad
someone well c to correct, adjust, tune up d to restore to health, hsaiv laj m. decency
make well This medicine helped me. a to hkedl m. plural 1 improvement 2 refinement,
improve b to get better c to recover He's perfecting
improving. His health is getting better. d to change for the better hgal m. plural idiom Your kindly
(of a person) 2 m. plural good, the good, good deed advice.
! Do not expect good deeds from evil people. hahl transitive [past: ] 1 to curse
3.1 very well, all right very well The parents cursed their son. 2 to disown, reject, turn
It is good that Well, OK away
good You have acted well. I hamj thoroughbred, aristocratic
understand well how... 4 very much still more, much hmrgh m. happiness, good fortune happily,
more 5 long We stopped there for a long time. idiom luckily
to like to prefer, consider as better; 1
hmrgh f. 1 happiness, good fortune 2 greeting,
consider good Eastern to like someone (e.g., congratulation, well-wishing to congratulate
appearance) ! ! Welcome! You hmrghaj happy, fortunate
2
couldn't wish anything better than this. You couldn't imagine hhna f. cursing, imprecation
anything better. ! proverb Good meat hv laj m. 1 improvement 2 well-being 3 good (abstract
makes good soup! and concrete) for the good of the Motherland
484
4 advantage, benefit 5 good quality 6 adjustment, regulation, 2 hajl transitive 1

tuning 7 recuperation, recover The 1 helj m. ferment, leaven
patient is recovering. 2 hajlj past participle of 2
ha vradz f. 1 well-being, sufficiency 1 hna f. hna Eastern
to live in plenty, flourish 2 holiday 2 hajna curse, cursing
havna f. 3 hjna f. instruction, training
1 haj adjective right right hand a right side hne f. hinj f.
b north the face, right (of cloth) ! military Right hjn m. instruction, direction
face! (as a command) hjnkaj m. 1
2
hi 1 m. plural of 1 2 indirect singular m. of 1 hev f. decoration; dolling up, prettying up
3
he 1 f. plural of 2 1 good apples 2 indirect 1 hja imperfective imperative of
singular feminine of 2 1 2 hj Eastern imperfect tense of
4 he contraction of and the pronoun 1 hji present tense of
5 he the name of the Pashto letter 2 hje second person, present tense of
6 hj f. plural of 1 3 hjj Eastern second person plural, present tense of
hjst Western second person, present tense plural of hejl 1
hj lme f. plural saliva
hidz m. tarantula
hdza f. botany yellow eremurus, Eremurus aurantiacus
her f. 1 1
sd the twenty-fourth letter of the Pashto alphabet (pronounced
her z 1 fresh; cool 2 happy, prosperous, fortunate 3 merry, like ( s) and therefore sometimes replaced by the letter )
gay, joyous 2
abbreviation for
herztb m. herztj f. herz f. 1 3
official abbreviation
freshness; coolness 2 happiness, prosperity, well-being 3 4
Arabic abbreviation sall lah aljhi
merriness, joy wasallm religion Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!
herzedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to (said after the mention of the name of Prophet Mohammed)
grow cooler 2 to be happy 3 to grow, become merry, rejoice 5 abbreviation for accounting correct, verified
hern m. wild olive tree sbr Arabic patient, tolerant
hervna f. kind of pistachio bush sbn m. soap to soap, lather
herva f. botany Cotoneaster (a kind of flowering bush) soap factory
1 her f. cursing, curse to curse sbunpaz f. sbunsz f. soap-making
He heaped curses upon me. shb sb m. Arabic 1 gentleman; sir, mister
2 hir f. 1 scientist colleagues 2 possessor, owner scientists,
hih f. 1 glass 2 vial, small bottle, flask; glass vessel 3 learned men shb-i man of letters 3 proper name
[plural: hih] glasses, spectacles to Sahib, Saib
wear glasses sahibdzh na f. proper name Saibdzhana
hiha adjective glass glass tube, sahibzd m. 1 gentlemen 2 Sahibzada (title for a
tubing person of distinguished lineage) 3 descendent of some renowned
hega f. 1 adventure, benefit for one's religious personage
own benefit 2 good (abstract and concrete) to shibk r m. history director of an estate
wish someone well 3 well-being 4 kindness, goodness; shibmar m Arabic purposeful, single-minded
consideration to display kindness, show consideration shibmans b m. Arabic officer
5 improvement 6 virtue He was devoid of shib f. Arabic 1 lady, madame 2 owner (female),
these virtues. He did not possess these qualities. 7 cooperation, possessor (female)
help, assistance shib variety of large sweet grape
hegv l m. member of a children's organization (ages 12 skh f. Arabic 1 sharp sound 2 unpleasantness 3 religion
to 18) Judgement Day
hega f. sd m. Arabic the name for the letter
1 hjl plural Eastern imperfect of
485
sdir Arabic 1 outstanding, outgoing (of documents) 2 3 sfj f. spj strainer; filter; colander
pronounced (of the judgement or sentence of a court) 3 issued, 4 s fi f. plural of 4
promlgated (of an order, resolution) 4 despatched, sent (letters, sfedl spedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1
documents) 5 exported 6 drawn up (bill of exchange, check) to become clear (of adulterants); be strained; be filtered; be pure,
transparent 2 to be frank, be open 3 to be settled (of accounts,
sdir t m. Arabic plural 1 export 2 export goods etc.) 4 to be cleared (of a road)
exporter slh Arabic 1.1 good; virtuous; decent; worthy
sdirt f. exports items of export good, decent people; worthy people 1.2 competent; capable
export company export volume juridical competent authority 1.3 pious 2 m. proper
exports, export goods name Salih
sdiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to slih f. Arabic singular and plural of 1
pronounce (a decision, sentence a court) 2 to issue, promulgate sln m. sln hall large hall; conference room
(an order, a resolution, etc.) 3 to dispatch, send (letters, smt Arabic 1 deaf 2 silent
documents) 4 to export 5 to draw up (bill of exchange, check) sn m. Arabic [plural: sni'n] 1 artisan, craftsman 2
sadiravnkaj present participle of creator, originator, producer
drawer (of a bill) sb Arabic 1 purposeful 2 accurate, sharp-sighted 3
sdir f. Arabic 1 feminine singular and masculine plural of correct, appropriate
2 f. outgoing correspondence the st Arabic 1 ringing 2 resounding
register of incoming and outgoing papers sab Arabic 1 m. .1 morning b d-i morning
sdiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be breeze, zephyr the morning star, Venus 1.2 the
pronounced (of a verdict) 2 to be promulgated (of an order, morrow, tomorrow the day after tomorrow in
resolution, etc.) 3 to be despatched, sent (of letters, documents) 4 three days adjective a morning b tomorrow's 2
to be exported 5 to be drawn up (bill of exchange, check) 6 to tomorrow, on the morrow
issue from someone; spring from, result from sab la tomorrow
sdired m. plural 1 issuance (of a verdict) 2 sabnrj m. sabnaharj m. regional breakfast

promulgation (of an order, resolution) 3 dispatch (of letters, sabnj Eastern 1 tomorrow's tomorrow; on
documents) 4 export 4 to be slackened, let out (rope, etc.) 5 the morrow 2 morning, morning's
drawing up, executing (of a bill of exchange, a check) sabvt m. Arabic childhood, youth, adolescence
sd Arabic 1 veracious, true 2 faithful, dedicated 3 sab f. morning hours in the morning
religious epithet of the Imam Jafaf early in the morning Eastern in a week
sdi-al-ul Arabic faithful to one's word; veracious subh m. Arabic morning dawn, early in the
sdin 1 veracious, sincere, true 2 faithfully, sincerely morning Dawn broke.
srkh m. Arabic missile, rocket subhdm m. 1 morning, early morning 2 in the morning
srukh adjective missile, rocket 1 sbr m. sbr patience, tolerance a
s'i f. Arabic lightning very patiently; with enviable patience b with great restraint
sf sp 1 clean, pure, transparent clean water, pure a to bear, endure b to put up with (grief, sorrow) c to await,
water, transparent water a pure air b clean weather expect The cup of his patience overflowed.
Sunday the weather was clear. 2 clear, proverb Patience is rewarded.
intelligible 3 frank, clear, unequivocal 2 sabr m. sabr botany aloe
sfbtn pure, innocent, chaste (of a look, a person, etc.) sabrn k patient, tolerant The
sfg m. frank person, open person, sincere person camel is a very patient animal.
sf sp indirect plural of 1 sabravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to compel
sfavl spavl denominative [past: ] 1 to purify to endure to endure, bear
(of adulterants); strain, filter; make clear, make transparent 2 to sabredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
settle (an account, etc.) 3 to slacken, let out (e.g., a rope) 4 to patient, be tolerant I am impatient. I can't wait. I
clear (the way, the road) can't stand it.
1
sf sp 1 m. plural the Safi (tribe) 2 sfj spj m. Safi sibgh f. Arabic 1 faith, religion 2 religion baptism,
(tribesman) christening 3 nuance 4 nature, characters
2
saf sp f. 1 purity, transparency 2 clarity, intelligibility
486
sahbt m. Arabic 1 comradeship, fellowship, correct; make more precise; check, verify; clarify
companionship 2 escort, accompaniment regional to pick out, single out, keep an eye on someone 2
sahb m. Arabic plural religion friends and associates of healthy, sound idiom linguistics consonsonant
Mohammed phoneme a good result to think
sahh f m. Arabic 1 bookbinder 2 bookseller soundly, think soberly
sihft m. Arabic 1 the press 2 bookseller sahihunnasb Arabic pure-blooded, thoroughbred,
1 sahhf f. 1 bookbinding (the business, craft) aristocratic
2 sihhf adjective publishing, relating to the press, printing sihhij Arabic 1 feminine singular & plural of 2 2 f.
publishing workers health care Ministry of Health official
suhbt m. Arabic 1 conversation, discourse 2 intercourse, representative of the Ministry of Health (in a province)
relations a to converse, talk b to associate with 3 sad f. Arabic 1 sound 2 voice 3 cry, call, summons
ambience, milieu, society sadd r 1 noisy, resounding (of waves, etc.) 2 sounding 3
suhbat m. Arabic interlocutor, collocutor linguistics voicing, voiced
sihht m. Arabic 1 correctness, rightness, veracity sadrt m. Arabic 1 chairmanship, leadership 2 sadrt-i
to be correct, be right, correspond to reality 2 well-being; health job or position of prime minister the administrative
hygiene sanitation offices of the prime minister
a to justify oneself; be confirmed b to recover sadkt m. Arabic 1 faithfulness, veracity, devotion
to be concerned about one's health, worry about one's to remain faithful, be true to, be
health to inquire about someone's health devoted to someone to serve someone
My health has deteriorated. faithfully and truly 2 truth, sincerity
sihht bakhhnkaj healthful (of climate) sadt-va-shudzh'athamph the official title of a major general
sihhat-i-'m f. sanitation; health care sadkatm b Arabic the title of advisor or
sihhatmnd healthy, having good health deputy to a minister, etc.
sahr f. Arabic 1 barren plain, steppe, desert sadathamr h official title for a mudir, khan, and other
sahe -ji the Sahara 2 field eminent personages
military field service sadd m. Arabic intention, wish; goal
sahrrv land rover, cross-country vehicle sadr m. Arabic 1 breast 2 regional center (political) 3
sahrshn m. sahrnishn m. demotic steppe- governing body (of a society, etc.) 4 leader, chief
dweller, nomad; desert-dweller the president of Pakistan
sahrnj wild (of birds, animals) sadra'zm m. Arabic prime minister
sahrj sahr 1.1 adjective steppe, desert 1.2 sadruddn m. proper name Sadruddin
wild (of animals) 1.3 field field artillery 2 m. sadrima m m. Arabic capital (administrative center)
steppe-dweller, desert-dweller; nomad sadr f. Arabic group of dervishes or pilgrims visiting a
1 sahn m. Arabic courtyard, yard; area, level land shrine
2 sahn m. Arabic textiles calico percale sadrj f.
sahn f. sahn-ji Arabic 1 stage, ring, arena, platform sadf sadp m. Arabic plural sadfa f. 1 mother-of-
stage, ring, arena a to leave the stage b pearl 2 (pearl) shell pearl oyster
to finish with something or someone; liquidate something 2 sadaf Arabic adjective mother-of-pearl
sphere, field, walk of life literature to leave the sid m. Arabic 1 truth to try to justify oneself;
stage, go away 3 picture, sight, appearance turn out to be true; be confirmed His words
This is a very sad sight. have been confirmed. 2 veracity, sincerity 3 faithfulness,
shihh f. Arabic devotion
1 sah sad f. sada Arabic alms, contribution (for a religious
2 sihh Arabic sanitary; hygienic, health; medicinal purpose) compound verb to contribute (for
health care medical personnel health a religious purpose)
care organizations medical healthcare workers sadam f. Arabic 1 blow 2 harm; damage
physicians' care; medical services to inflict damage, do harm to someone
sah f. sahh Arabic invariable sahha f. 1 precise, to damage someone's reputation, disparage someone's good
true, correct a correct translation to qualities or authority 3 misfortune
487
sudr m. Arabic 1 going out, departure 2 pronouncement sarhn Arabic 1 clearly, precisely 2 decisively,
(of a verdict) 3 promulgation (of an order, a resolution) 4 categorically 3 clearly, openly, patently
drawing up (of a bill of exchange) 5 export sarr m. Arabic squeak (of a pen, of a door)
sad f. sadj f. 1 century, 100-year period 2 hundred sa'b Arabic combining form difficult, hard
(collective numeral) difficult to traverse
1 sad m. Arabic sincere friend, true friend sa'b-ul-'ubr difficult to traverse
2 sadd Arabic 1 true, sincere 2 m. proper name Siddik sa'b-ul-'il dzh Arabic difficult to cure
sarr p m. a disease which is difficult to cure
sarht m. Arabic 1 clarity, precision 2 precisely sa'b-ul-vurd difficult to access, hard to get to
formulated condition 3 clear instruction, directive su'ubt m. Arabic difficulty, straits
sarhtn Arabic openly, clearly, precisely, definitely su'd m. Arabic 1 lifting, ascent 2 arising, beginning 3
surh f. clay pitcher with a long neck growth, development a to arise, ascend b to spring up
sir t m. Arabic religion road to paradise, way to heaven (disagreements, etc.) c to develop, grow
sarr f m. Arabic 1 money-changer 2 banker sa'ud Arabic 1 arising, ascending, springing up 2 Saudi
sarft m. Arabic thought; intention, motive Arabia
sarrfkhn f. office for money changing, sigh r m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 2 children
money-changing bureau saghrt m. Arabic childhood
sarrf f. 1 exchange of money 2 profession of money- sighr m. Arabic 1 smallness, insignificance 2 childhood
changing 3 occupation of banker sughr Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. philosophy
sarb m. 1 a Serb 2 history Serbia the minor premise of a syllogism
sar' f. Arabic medicine epilepsy, falling sickness saghr Arabic 1.1 little, juvenile 1.2 law minor, not of age
sar' adjective epileptic an epileptic 2 m. [plural: saghir n Arabic plural: sigh r]
1 sarf m. [plural: asr f] 1 expenditure, expenses 2 child, infant
use sarf-i tea-drinking 3 morphology saf saff m. Arabic [plural: saffna Arabic plural:
2 sirf sirp Arabic 1 only, just, exclusively suff] 1 row, order; rank; file in rows, in
I have come here only for the purpose of meeting ranks column of four single file, Indian
with you. Eastern not only , but also 2 file Eastern right flank to
flagrant, bald-faced, outright (i.e., lies) draw up in military order
srf-i-nazr m. disregarding, ignoring saf Arabic 1 clear, transparent clear water,
to reject something; ignore, pay no transparent water 2 clean, neat, tidy 3 clear, precise to
attention to something speak clearly to speak Pashto well 4 evident
sarfavl sarpavl denominative, transitive [past: ] a to clean, purify, refine oil refinery
1 to expend, spend 2 to use 3 to show, display (concern) b to clarify, make more precise (question, problem, etc.)
sarfunhv m. grammar morphology and syntax a to be clear, be transparent b to be cleaned, be purified, be
sarf f. Arabic 1 advantage, benefit 2 savings, economies refined c to be clean, be neat, be tidy d to be made more precise;
a to observe economies in something b to be explained, be cleared up Everything was
limit oneself in something explained in full. idiom to live in
sarf bakhhnkaj economical peace and harmony to get the better of, surpass
sarfadzh thrifty, economical, careful (about money) someone
sarfadzhu f. thrift, thriftiness, carefulness in money sif t m. Arabic plural of
matters saff r m. Arabic 1 coppersmith 2 history Saffar (the founder
sarf Arabic 1 grammatical; morphological of the Saffarid Dynasty, Yakub ibn-Lejs)
grammatical rules 2 m. author of a grammar safkr f. 1 purification, refining 2 explanation, making
sarfij t m. Arabic plural expenditures, expenses more precise (question, problem, etc.)
safedl sarpedl denominative [past: ] 1 to be safv laj m. 1 purity, cleanliness 2 purification, cleansing
spent, be expended, be disbursed 2 to be used, be employed, be 3 tranquility
used up saf f. 1 purity, transparency 2 cleanness, neatness, tidiness
sarh Arabic 1 clear, precise 2 decisive, categorical (refusal, 3 clearness, preciseness 4 tranquility, peace spiritual
etc.) 3 flagrant, bald-faced, outright (i.e., lies) peace, spiritual tranquility 5 innocence, lack of culpability
488
a to clean (a room, etc.) b to prove one's innocence 6 tax on salhijt larnkaj

salhijatd r
real property 7 regional law defense defender, competent, plenipotentiary, authoritative the
defense lawyer defense witness competent authority the competent authorities
safband f. saffband regional military drawing up in salhijatnm f. warrant, mandate; credentials,
ranks to draw up in military formation authority
sift m. Arabic [plural: sifatna Arabic plural: sulb m. Arabic 1 loins; belly; bosom 2 descendents; clan
sif t] 1 quality, virtue; peculiarity; distinctive trait; indication sulb adjective blood, direct, immediate (of a descendent)
distinctive, characteristic indications slh f. slha Arabic peace peaceful
to become a merchant 2 description 3 praise negotiations a separate peace
praiseworthy, worthy of praise to praise someone 4 a policy of peace peace for the whole
grammar adjective world ! Long live worldwide peace!
saftana f. safftana supporters of peace the World
siffat 1 adjective 2 high-quality (of merchandise) Peace Council to conclude peace 2 1
safh f. Arabic 1 page 2 step, phase a lunar sulhmz peace-loving, peaceful
phase peaceful uses of atomic energy
safhaband f. typography imposition, pagination sulhpasnd m. 1 pacifist 2 peaceable, peace-loving
safdr brave, valorous, courageous sulhpasand` f. 1 peaceableness 2 pacifism
1 sfr m. sfar Arabic 1 cipher, zero, nought suldzh striving for peace, peace-loving
below zero (of temperature) 2 nothing, empty spot, vacant sulhdzhujn peace-loving to
position display peaceableness, love of peace
2 safr m. Arabic Safar (the second month of the lunar year) sulhkhhn peace-loving a policy
safr f. Arabic bile of peace
safrv 1.1 bilious, containing bile 1.2 choleric, easily sulkhhi f. peaceableness, love of peace
aroused to anger 2 m. choleric man sulh ghuhtnkaj peace-loving
safra f. Arabic 2 sulhnm f. 1 armistice, truce 2 peace treaty 3
safvt m. sufvt Arabic 1 best, most select part of deed, deed of transfer
something 2 quintessence slha f. reconciliation, peace to conclude a peace
suff m. Arabic plural of to be reconciled with someone
safav m. history 1 Sefevid (the dynasty) 2 adjective sulhanm f.
Sefevid sal'm Arabic abbreviation sall lah
suff f. 1 dock 2 platform aljhi wasallm religion Peace and blessings of Allah be upon
saf Arabic clean, clear, transparent him! (said after the mention of the name of Prophet Mohammed)
safij f. Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. proper salav t Arabic masculine plural of and [ plural:
name Safiya salavtna] blessing, benediction
siligr m. regional gunsmith; armorer sal t m. Arabic [plural: salav t plural:
sukk m. Arabic plural [singular: sakk] 1 salatna] prayer
documents 2 checks sil f. Arabic (familial) connection, nearness
sal f. 1 entertaining 2 verbal invitation 3 summons; appeal salb m. Arabic 1 cross
salb-i Red
idiom We came to this decision Cross 2 Crusade hl-i Christians history
sal t m. [plural: salav t] Arabic prayer the Crusades
sal f. sal h Arabic [plural: salag ni salahg ni] 1 salib Arabic 1 pertaining to the cross history
counsel, advice to give advice the Crusades 2 m. [plural: salibijn] Arabic history
to take counsel with someone; seek advice of someone 2 Crusader
well-being 3 morality; virtue 4 interest the sim kh m. Arabic anatomy auditory canal
interests of the State samd Arabic 1 eternal 2 m. .1 master, lord, overlord 2.2
salhk r m. advisor, counselor proper name Samad
salhijt m. Arabic 1 competence, jurisdiction, authority sams m m. Arabic 1 sharp saber; sharp sword
to have the right to something samgh m. Arabic gum, resin Arabic gum
to receive the right 2 honesty, decency
489
samm m. Arabic 1 core, pith, heart; interior part 2 sincere, (socioeconomic) class 5 armed forces' branch or service
cordial, heartfelt the air force, military aviation
samimn 1 sincere, heartfelt sincere, cordial sinf 1 pertaining to a shop, shift, or socioeconomic class 2
relations 2 sincerely, cordially industrial 3 professional, pertaining to a specific class of
samim sincere, heartfelt craftsman (carpenters, metalworkers, etc.)
samimijt m. Arabic sincerity, cordiality sanam m. Arabic idol, image, object of worship
san f. Sana (city) sanma f. poetry beloved (woman)
san't sin't Arabic m. [plural: sanaji' plural: sanavbr sanobr Arabic 1 pine tree 2 coniferous tree
san] 1 art fine arts 2 trade; sunf m. Arabic plural of
profession trade school; industrial school 3 sav b m. Arabic 1 fair, just, equitable, the right way to act 2
industry rightness, innocence to strive for truth, seek justice
san'at industrial savbdd m. 1 approval, sanction 2 advice, wish, desire
sina' Arabic 1 artificial, synthetic 2 expertly made 3 svbj f. Swabi (city, Peshawar District)
industrial svt m. Svat, Swat (district)
sanj m. plural san m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 saub m. Arabic direction, quarter, side
industry heavy industry suba provincial, regional
light industry subadzh t m. Arabic plural of
cottage industry, handicrafts 3 branches of industry sob sub subh f. Arabic [plural: sob sub m.
sund m. sand Arabic plural: subadzh t] province
sunduchj m. box, casket, case subahd r m. 1 history subadar, governor general 2
sandl m. singular & plural sandalwood tree, sandalwood colloquial lieutenant 3 captain
sandal f. sandala (a mixture of clay, vegetable fiber, and subahisarkhd m. history northwest border province
wood ash used for plastering floors) subed r m. regional
sandal f. sandal; mangal (a barzier or a metal pan for saut m. Arabic [plural: asv t] sound, noise
holding burning coals under a stool, covered by a blanket) sur m. Arabic trumpet (made of a horn), horn
sandf m. satin surt m. Arabic 1 form, shape in short,
sand m. sund Arabic [plural: sanduna briefly 2 face ! Kiss me! 3 body; figure
plural: sandu n] 1 trunk; box; chest health My whole body hurts. 4
compound verb to place in a trunk, put in a box grammar aspect of a verb 5 list; enumeration; entry;
compound verb to be placed in a trunk, be put in a box 2 ballot record a detailed account; detailed statement b report
box 3 till savings bank benefit 6 numerator 7 astronomy phase phase of the
fund 4 coffin idiom anatomy thorax moon 8 manner; way, kind in this way 9 case;
sunduch f. box, casket, case; small box, small chest, situation, circumstance in
small case, trunk such a case in any event, in one way or another
sandukd r m. cashier, treasurer, bursar be that as it may not under any
san' f. circumstances in case of necessity
san't m. 1 art fine arts 2 trade, craft; business a to change one's clothes b to change appearance
3 industry industrialist idiom a to come to be, come to pass b to happen, take
the military art; military profession place; eventuate to turn into something
san'atk r m. san'atgr craftsman, surtparst m. formalist
handcraftsman small local businessmen or sur surav Arabic external; formal; apparent, visible
handicrafts workers suf m. Arabic camlet; wool
san'at 1 industrial industrial nation suf Sufi; dervish-mystic
industrial goods; manufactured goods to sufijn Sufic Sufic life; the life of a dervish-
industrialize 2 artistic mystic
sinf m. sanf Arabic [plural: sinfna Arabic plural: sufitb m. 1 Sufism 2 mysticism
sunf plural: asn f] 1 kind, sort; species, genus; sfij f. Sofia (city)
category 2 class (in school) 3 biology class class 1 sum m. ruble
of birds 4 shop, shift; (socioeconomic) class 2 saum m. Arabic religion fast
490
sauma' f. sauma' f. Arabic cell; hermit's dwelling zi' f. Arabic m. [plural: zai' t] losses, loss,
to live as a hermit or recluse damage
sihunijt m. Arabic politics Zionism zif f. zip Arabic woman, weak sex
sajj d m. Arabic 1 hunter (of birds and small game); trapper zabt m. Arabic 1 seizure (of territory) 2 confiscation;
2 poetry captivator of hearts sequestration, seizure (of prosperity) 3 control; restraint; self-
sajjd m. Arabic hunting; hunting or trapping trade control, self-possession notwithstanding his
to engage professionally in hunting or trapping restraint to be restrained, be collected; keep
sijant m. Arabic support; protection oneself in hand to lose self-possession, lose
sajb m. seb colloquial one's cool, lose control of oneself zabt-i
sih f. Arabic shout counterintelligence 4 list (of words, songs, etc.)
sajd m. Arabic 1 hunting, trapping 2 game; catch
sajdg h m. hunting ground zabtvl regional disciplined; restrained
sigh f. Arabic 1 formula (e.g., for a divorce) 2 form; shape; zabturbt m. Arabic state of discipline
type in the form of a loan 3 grammatical form of a zabtv laj m. seizure, confiscation
verb, verb form; conjugational paradigm zabtavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
sajfij f. Arabic 1 holiday or summer house outside the city seize (territory) 2 to confiscate; to sequestrate; put a lien on
2 district where there are summer, holiday, or weekend houses (property) 3 to memorize, learn by heart 4 to list (words), record
sajfijanishn m. visitor or resident of a summer cottage, a song 5 to pick up (documents)
holiday house, or a district in which these are located zabt 1 confiscated 2 f. confiscation; sequestration
sajl m. Arabic 1 polishing; buffing 2 point; sharp point zabtedl [past: ] 1 to be seized (of territory) 2 to
compound verb a to polish, buff b to sharpen, bring to be confiscated, be put under lien (of property) 3 to be memorized
a point compound verb a to be polished, be buffed b 4 to be recorded (words, song) 5 to be picked up (document)
to be sharpened, be pointed zakhmt m. Arabic 1 fatness 2 portliness; plumpness
sajalgr m. 1 polisher; burnisher 2 grinder 3 zakhm Arabic 1 fat 2 burly, portly, plump
regional gunsmith 1 zid zidd Arabic 1 opposite, opposing 2 m. .1 opposition
against
someone, against something anti-air
to oppose, be opposed to something to go
zd 1 the twenty-fifth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the number against someone 2.2 malice, spite He harbored
800 in the abjad system malice toward him.
zbt m. Arabic 1 company-grade officer 2 zd-i zdd-i combining form counter-, anti- antitank
second lieutenant 2 [plural: zbit n] ziddiisti'm r zidiisti'm r anti-colonial
senior officers field-grade ziddiimpirjlist zidiimpirjlist anti-imperialist
officers 3 history leader, ruler ziddiinsn zidiinsn inhuman, misanthropic
zbit f. Arabic 1 law; legislation; code zidd-i-tnk zid-i-tnk antitank
regional Code of Civil Law 2 order, discipline ziddi'ufun zidi'ufun Arabic disinfection, disinfecting
to introduce order, set to rights 3 memorization, rote a to sterilize (water) b to
learning to memorize, learn by heart disinfect
zbit f. officer corps ziddifshst zidifshst anti-fascist
zd m. Arabic the name of the letter ziddifshist f. zidifshist anti-fascism
zmn m. Arabic 1 warrantor, guarantor I'll ziddifzj zidifzj
vouch for him. I certify that 2 bail, ziddifeoal zidifeoal anti-feudal
surety 3 deposit, security; guarantee ziddimalrij zidimalrij antimalaria
zmin f. used with 1 ziddihav zidihav anti-war; antiaircraft
zmin f. zidd 1 opposite, opposing; contrasting 2 spiteful
zi Arabic 1 perished 2 fallen; lost 3 destroyed a zidijt m. Arabic 1 opposition, contrast 2 hostility 3
to ruin b to lose c to destroy a to perish b to be lost contradiction; antagonism to contradict
He spent a lot of time on this. c to be ziddjn m. Arabic plural of 2 two antitheses, antipodes
destroyed zarr b m. Arabic stamper (of coins)
491
zarrbkhan f. mint 9,879 meters 47,183 meters 4 regional

zarb Arabic [plural: zarbna Arabic plural: province, district 5 state (administrative-territorial unit)
zarb t] 1 blow 2 beating 3 stamping (of coins) to zam zamm m. 1 addition; augmentation; supplement 2
stamp (coins) 4 regional maiming, injury, mulitation predicative additional, augmentational; supplemental
minor injury zarb-i serious injury a to to be added (to), be supplemental to something
inflict a blow b to inflict an injury 5 math multiplication zim d m. Arabic medicine 1 plaster 2 compress
the multiplication table 6 grammar accent, stress poultice, hot compress
zarb-ul-masl m. Arabic proverb; saying zamnt m. Arabic 1 bail, guarantee; surety to
zarab n m. zarb n Arabic beating (heart), pulsation guarantee to go bail for, vouch for someone
zarbt m. Arabic to release on bail 2 security as security
zarbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to (for)
multiply multiply 5 x 3 zamnt kavnkaj m. bailsman, guarantor
zarb f. Arabic blow, stroke zamnatnm f. law written surety, guarantee
zarr m. Arabic [plural: zararna Arabic plural: zamr m. plural of
azr r] harm, damage, loss a to harm, inflict damage, zamm m. Arabic plural of
inflict loss b to grieve a to suffer injury, suffer loss, zimn m. Arabic 1 middle, midst 2 content
suffer b to be grieved, be injured among, including moreover; by the way
zarr rasavunkaj harmful, injurious zmnn Arabic moreover, this being so; by the way
zarr rasavnki harmful insect zarr zimn Arabic 1 implied; indirect 2 fortuitous; collateral 3
rasavnki weeds detailed
zararn k zarar 1 harmful 2 damaging zamavl zammavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
zarr Arabic indeclinable 1.1 necessary, needful to add, join to, supplement, enclose
It is necessary to dzhj-i toilet, latrine 1.2 zamm f. Arabic zamma, pesh (the supralinear sign which
urgent, pressing (a matter) 2 necessarily; without fail; of course indicates the short vowels "u" or "o")
zarurt m. Arabic 1 necessity, requirement, need zamr m. Arabic [plural: zamirna Arabic plural:
I require tea. to be needful of zamr] 1 heart, soul according to the
something 2 coercion dictates of the heart 2 intentions, dreams 3 grammar pronoun
zarurtn Arabic 1 perforce 2 without fail, certainly enclitic (unstressed) pronoun emphatic
without fail, absolutely personal pronoun 4 conscience 5 personal name Zamir
zarur Arabic 1 necessary, obligatory, inevitable zamir n m. Arabic botany basil, Ocimum basilicum
It is necessary. This zamim f. Arabic [plural: zamim Arabic m.
is really unnecessary. One can really do without this. 2 important plural: zamm] 1 guarantee, surety, security 2 biology
extremely important appendage 3 supplement
zarurij t m. Arabic plural objects of prime necessity zavbt m. Arabic plural of
travel necessities zij Arabic 1 f. brilliance, radiance; light
za'f m. zu'f Arabic weakness, powerlessness a history title of the Emir Abdurrahman Khan 2 m. proper name
drop in cardiac activity, cardiac insufficiency Zia, Zeeya
He experienced weakness. idiom moral 1 zaj f. Arabic loss; ruin
instability to grow weak 2 zij
za'f Arabic 1 weak, powerless, impotent to zijft m. Arabic entertaining, refreshments; feast; banquet
weaken to become weak, grow weak 2 m. [plural: zajf m. Arabic [plural: zajfn Arabic plural:
za'ifn] a weak creature zujf plural: azj f] 1 guest 2 visitor; client
za'if-ul-ird Arabic weak-willed zujf m. Arabic plural of
za'if zi m. Arabic 1 narrowness 2 difficulty; constraint 3 cares,
zallt m. Arabic error, blunder, deviation from the truth troubles
to fall into error, blunder, deviate from the
truth
zil'a f. Arabic [plural: azl '] zl'a f. regional 1
side 2 border, verge 3 linear measure 2,209 meters
492
tar tajr Arabic 1 flying 2 m. [plural: tajr] bird

taif f. tjif f. Arabic [plural: tif] Arabic m.
[plural: tavjif] 1 tribe 2 biology order 3 obsolete gang,
toj t 1 the twenty-sixth letter of the Pashto alphabet band
(pronounced " t" and so is sometimes replaced by the letter )2 tib tibb Arabic singular & plural medicine, medical treatment
the number 9 in the abjad system eastern medicine
t f. Arabic the name of the letter tabbt m. Arabic medical treatment, medical practice
tbt m. Arabic coffin to engage in the practice of medicine
tkhch f. tabb kh m. Arabic cook
ts m. 1 geography basin 2 botany corolla tabbkht m. Arabic tabbkh f. cookery, the
tsabrg m. petal culinary arts
t't m. Arabic 1 obedience to obey tabshr m. Arabic 1 bamboo sugar 2 chalk; a stick of chalk
(someone) 2 religion pious work, pious action tabb ' m. Arabic printer
t'n m. Arabic plague, pestilence tib't m. Arabic printing, typographic work
1 t m. Arabic vault, cupola; arch tib'at Arabic typographic, polygraphic
2 t Arabic odd (i.e., not even) misprint printer (one who prints)
tt m. Arabic 1 strength, force, power physical The book is typographically well executed.
force, strength beyond one's tabb f m. 2
strength; excessive 2 endurance; patience tabb' m. Arabic plural of
I cannot do without water. 3 energy atomic tubr m.
energy solar energy 4 politics power 5 troops, tab' f. tab'a Arabic 1 printing; publication first
armed forces Navy Air Force edition compound verb to print, publish
They are engaged in wrestling. compound verb to be published, be printed 2 nature, natural order
to deal with something 3 disposition, character 4 talent, ability, natural gifts
tatnum f. tab'n 1 by nature 2 naturally 3 of course
tatfars exhausting tab'zm f. checking, trial, test
tatvr powerful, strong tb'a f. 1 2 mood, disposition I am
tch f. niche, bay; shelf in a bad mood today. Today I am out of sorts.
t architecture vaulted, arched; formed as a niche or bay 1
tib m. Arabic conformity, accordance in
talb 1 m. Arabic [plural: tlib n Arabic plural: accordance with something
tull b plural: talab] student 2 seeker (after something; one 2 tab m. Arabic tray
striving (for something); one trying to attain, thirsting for, 3 tab m. veterinary hoof and mouth disease
requiring something taba t m. Arabic plural of
tlib n plural Taliban, Taleban (religious-political movement tabt-ul-arz geologic, pertaining to the structure of
and group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001) the earth
tlib-ul-'lm m. 1 student 2 student at a Muslim religious tabaat 1 adjective estate (in the historical sense of "class")
school 2 class class society class
tlib-ul-'lma f. 1 student (female) 2 student (female) at contradictions class struggle
an institute of higher learning class differentiation
tl' tl' Arabic 1 f. fate, destiny; luck, happiness taba f. Arabic [plural: taba] m. Arabic [plural:
His fate is unknown. 2 astronomy rising (of celestial bodies) taba t] 1 section (of the population); group (of people);
tle'mn tli'mn tle'mand tli'mand lucky estate 2 class amicable classes
ts m. Arabic 1 peacock 2 proper name Taus antagonistic classes the ruling class
Proverb literal Beautiful workers 3 society; circles (social) ruling circles 4
though he may be, yet the peacock's feet are black. figurative category; degree 5 stage 6 stage (of a missile) 7 geology
Every rose has its thorns. stratum, bed (of soil) 8 biology class
t un m. tabaaband f. 1 classification; taxonomy
thr 1.1 pure; spotless, immaculate 1.2 holy 2 m. proper classification, animal taxonomy 2 differentiation
name Tahir a to classify, systematize b to differentiate
493
tabl m. drum tarz m. Arabic fashion, mode, manner

tabl f. Arabic 1 small tamborine 2 wooden platter or tray for governmental structure, system of government method
fruit of production trz-i conduct, deportment trz-i
tbilsi m. Tbilisi (city) way of thinking; thinking, thought idiom in one
tibb Arabic 1 medical, medicinal; therapeutic way or another
medical, therapeutic aid medical faculty (i.e., tarf m. Arabic [plural: tarafna Arabic plural:
department of a university) medical school atr f plural: tarafjn] side, party a opponent b
medications trade contractor
tabb m. Arabic [plural: tabib n Arabic plural: tarafd r 1 m. partisan, follower, supporter 2 for (in
atib plural: atibb] doctor, physician, medical practitioner voting)
veterinarian 1 tarafdr f. 1 adherence; partiality 2 support, sympathy
tabba feminine of on someone's side to be
tabib f. healing, medical treatment, the practice of medicine someone's supporter, support someone
tabi't m. Arabic [plural: tabi'atna Arabic plural: to suceed in inclining someone to one's favor, win
tabi] 1 nature, disposition, character someone over to one's side to speak out
He is energetic. 2 essence, natural order the laws for something, support something
of nature 3 mood, temperament My 2 tarafdri feminine plural of
mood was excellent. Eastern He wasn't turf f. Arabic novelty
calmed down. tarafjn masculine dual Arabic of one of
tabi'tn 1 naturally 2 by nature; by one's nature the parties
tabi' Arabic 1 natural; normal tur m. Arabic plural of
natural resources natural history natural turm m. horn, bugle; trumpet
science naturally, normally natural silk turumch m. bugler, trumpeter
2 understood understandably; naturally 3 turr f. Arabic plume (decoration)
spontaneous drift tar Arabic 1 fresh, new 2 tender, soft
tabi'iv laj m. state of nature, natural state; state of tari m. Arabic [plural: tur] way, road
normality, normality tarit m.
tabi'ijn m. Arabic plural naturalist, natural scientist, tari f. Arabic path, way, manner, mode way of
natural historian life method of production very
tabel f. stable simply on a scientific basis in a
tih l m. Arabic anatomy spleen strange manner, strangely, unusually
tarr h m. Arabic 1 draftsman 2 ringleader, organizer 3 ta -ta interjection 1 bang, knock-knock 2 m.
instigator knock to knock to knock on the
tarr r Arabic 1 bright 2 articulate; sharp-tongued door
tir z m. Arabic 1 decoration, adornment, finery 2 manner, tasht m. 1 tub, trough; large copper basin; bathtub 2
form; method geography basin 3 depression
tarvt m. Arabic freshness, succulence (of grass, pasturage) ta' m m. Arabic food, victuals
tarb m. Arabic 1 gladness, joy, merriment 2 delight ta'mb f. colloquial
tarabulus-al-gharb m. Tripoli (city); Tripolitania ta'mkhn f. dining room, mess hall, refectory
trh trha f. Arabic 1 plan, draft, draft-plan 2 blueprint, ta'mnm f. menu
engineering drawing 3 drawing compound verb a to tu'm f. Arabic food, fodder
work out a plan; to make a draft-plan b to draw, execute a ta'n m. Arabic reproaches, rebukes
blueprint c to draw, sketch compound verb a to be ta'nmz sarcastic, mocking sarcasm
worked out (plan) b to be traced out, be drafted, be executed ta'n f. Arabic 1 rebuke, blame 2 mockery; irony, sarcasm
(blueprint etc.) c to be drawn, be sketched d to be expounded, be to jeer at, ridicule
clarified tugh m. 1 pennant, guidon 2 banner
trha f. sundry, different, various tughj n m. Arabic 1 overflowing of banks, flooding (of a
tard m. Arabic driving out, chasing away, expulsion river); high water 2 figuratives rebellion, sedition
494
tughjn 1 f. .1 1 1.2 figuratives excess 1.3 tilsm m. tilsm Arabic talisman, amulet to annul
figuratives disturbance, commotion 2.1 stormy the efficiency of a talisman, deprive a talisman of its effective
turbulent flow (of a river) 2.2 figuratives disturbed force
to be disturbed, get into a commotion tilismvl m. magician, wizard
tifl m. Arabic [plural: atf l] babe, infant tilism enchanted, spellbound
tifln infantile, child's, pertaining to a child tul' f. Arabic dawn, sunrise
tiflk m. baby, infant, young child tamm ' Arabic greedy, avid
tifls m. Tiflis (city) tumgh f. hood for a hawk (in falconry)
tifl f. tumnch f. revolver
tufulijt m. Arabic childhood; infancy tamnijt m. rest, tranquillity
childhood years tumtur m. 1 pomposity, bombast 2 splendor, pomp
taf f. tm tm'a f. Arabic tm'a f. 1 avidity, greed to
tufjl m. Arabic 1 parasite, sponger, freeloader 2 biology be avid, be greedy 2 expectation, hope I
parasite don't rely on you. I was not confident of you 3 lust, desire
tufajl parasitic to lead a parasitic life, in pursuit of money to desire strongly, be avid for;
freeload strive to get something
til f. 1 gold native ore gold dust tan m. ton
placer gold 2 tila (a gold coin); ducat tan b m. Arabic 1 rope; cord 2 tanap (a measure of square
tull b m. Arabic plural of area, having various regional values)
tilb b precious metals tanb adjective rope, cord; of rope, of cord
tild r 1 embroidered in gold; stitched in gold 2 gilded tan v m. 1 2 belt drive (e.g., for a spinning wheel)
tal m. Arabic divorce to give a divorce to tambr m. Arabic tambur (a stringed, long-necked musical
a wife idiom to part with something instrument resembling a mandolin)
talnm f. certificate of divorce, decree of tantan f. Arabic melody
divorce tanz m. Arabic mockery, irony
talkavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to give tnzan Arabic mockingly, in mockery; ironically
a divorce (to a wife) tann m. Arabic 1 resonant sound; rumble, hum 2 buzzing (of
tilkr f. gilding, gilt insects)
tilj f. regional forward detachment, advance detachment; 1
tav f m. Arabic religion 1 ritual procession or tour around
advance post the Kaaba 2 pilgrimage to complete a pilgrimage
til 1 gold, of gold 2 golden (color); light-brown; blond 2
tavv f m. Arabic fruit peddler, water peddler; peddler; one
idiom a happiness, great success b rich yield (ore) selling products from a stand or tray at a market
talb m. Arabic [plural: talabna Arabic plural: tavmr m. Arabic plural of
talabt] 1 claim; request to claim something; to tavjf m. plural tavf m. Arabic plural of
request something 2 debt (owed to someone); monetary request 3 tobr f. bag, sack
regional wages, pay to pay for work top m. 1
talabg r 1 requiring, requesting; seeking; desiring 2 topch m.
m. .1 plaintiff 2.2 creditor topsz f.
talabgr f. marriage brokerage (proposing a man as topoghrf f. topography
husband) 1 taur m. Arabic [plural: atv r] manner, mode, way
talabnm f. obsolete requirement, request; call a thus, therefore b exactly so
talabavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to involuntarily
demand, ask for; call (for) 2
tur m. kh-i Mount Sinai the Sinai
1
talab m. Arabic plural of Peninsula
2 talb f. hunting lure, decoy, bait tot m. parrot
talabedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be totkhl 1 m. plural the Totakhejli (tribe) 2 m. Totakhejl
needed 2 to be called, be summoned (tribesman)
totgarkj m. Eastern swallow
495
tut m. parrot idiom He fell silent tajar n m. Arabic flight idiom flight of
(awhile). fantasy, flight of the mind
tugh m. togh 1 pennant, guidon 2 banner tajsh m. anger, rage, wrath
tuf n tup n m. Arabic 1 tempest, typhoon, storm; hurricane tajf m. Arabic 1 ghost; apparition, spectre 2 physics
sandstorm; simoon A storm arose. spectrum
The sea was running high. to tujr m. Arabic plural of
encounter a storm or hurricane 2 flood 3 deep agitation
deep stirring, perturbation of feelings idiom to
excavate the earth, work zealously
tufn 1 stormy; blustery 2 encountering a storm, buffeted
zoj z 1 the twenty-seventh letter of the Pashto alphabet
by a storm 3 worried, agitated 4 assault assault
(pronounced as " z" and so sometimes replaced by the letter 2
detachments
the number 900 in the abjad system
tau m. Arabic 1 necklace 2 neck-ring (of a bird) 3 poetry
z f. the name of the letter
the bounds, ties of love 4 yoke of slavery
zlm Arabic 1 m. tyrant, oppressor; dictator 2 attributive .1
1
tul m. Arabic 1 length wavelength 2 geography cruel, wicked; savage, pitiless 2.2 tyrannical, despotic 2.3 unjust
longitute east longitude west longitude folklore the name of a wicked character in a tale
2 tul m. tulle zlimn 1 cruel, tyrannical, despotic an unjust
tul-al-bald m. Arabic meridian treaty 2 cruelly, despotically
tulalj f Arabic long staple (cotton) zalma f. 1 used with 2 poetry beloved (female);
tuln protracted, extended, prolonged tormentress
tum r m. Arabic [plural: tumrna Arabic plural: zhr Arabic 1.1 apparent, obvious, patent obvious
tavmr] 1 roll, scroll; bundle (of paper) 2 book 3 list, advantage, superiority ... It is
register
apparent that It is obvious that 1.2 external, surface
1 toj m. regional holiday, merriment; wedding This is superficial. This is shallow. This isn't
2 toj m. the name of the letter serious. 2.1 obviously, apparently 2.2 externally 2.3 proper
tavl Arabic long, lengthy, protracted name Zahir
tavel f. 1 stable 2 cattle pen, sheepfold; stall zhrn Arabic 1 apparently, obviously 2 openly, up front;
tahrt m. Arabic 1 purity, cleanliness 2 holiness frankly 3 externally, on the surface
taj m. Arabic 1 folding, rolling up 2 passing through, zhirbn 1 m. superficial person 2 superficial, shallow
proceeding compound verb to pass along (a route)
zhirbin f. superficiality, shallowness
compound verb to be traversed (of a route) zhidr f. zhirnum f. sham, pretense
tajj r Arabic flying pilotless aircraft (weapon) zhirv laj m. 1 clarity, obviousness 2 visibility
tajjr f. Arabic aircraft combat aircraft zhiravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
escort aircraft assault aircraft discover, reveal, manifest 2 to express, state to
obsolete a commander of aviation b aircraft express a wish, state a desire
commander
zhiravnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m.
tajjrar n m. pilot, flyer; aviator expressor, one who expresses (thoughts, aspirations, etc.)
tajjrasz f. aircraft construction, the aircraft industry 1 zhra feminine singular of seemingly
tajjrashikn adjective antiaircraft She is seemingly in good health.
antiaircraft gun
2 zhir f. Arabic m. [plural: zavhr] manifestation
tajjrav n m. zhir 1 adjective external, exterior; surface
tajjr brunkaj brunkaj external appearance the outside world, surroundings 2
aircraft carrier appearing, seeming 3 apparent, evident
tajjr vishtnkaj adjective antiaircraft zhiredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
tajjb Arabic 1.1 good; pleasant 1.2 legal 2 m. proper name discovered, be revealed, be manifested; turn out to be 2 to be
Tajib
expressed, be stated
tajr m. Arabic 1 [plural: tujr] bird 2 plural of zhired m. plural discovery, revelation, manifestation
birds, feathered creatures
496
zarft m. Arabic 1 humor; sharp-wittedness 2 elegance; 1 zuhr m. Arabic revelation; manifestation; origin;
grace 3 breeding, civility, courtesy appearance to be discovered, be revealed; be manifested,
zarf m. Arabic [plural: zarfna Arabic plural: arise
zurf] 1 dish; vessel; container 2 grammar adverb 3 interval of 2 zuhr m. Arabic plural of 2
time, interval in the course of two hours 4 zuhuruddn m. proper name Zuhuruddin
philosophy form form and content zahr m. Arabic 1 assistant, helper 2 patron, protector 3
zarf grammar adverbial proper name Zahir, Zaheer
zarfijt m. Arabic 1 capacity, volume; displacement, zahiruddn m. Arabic proper name Zahiruddin
tonnage 2 rate, scope, volume (of work, etc.) zahir f. Arabic noon
volume of production 3 productivity 4 force, power
zurf m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 figurative conditions,

possibilities to create the appropriate
conditions
1
'ajn 1 the twenty-eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 the
zarf Arabic 1.1 sharp-witted, intelligent 1.2 elegant, fine number 70 in the abjad system
sanaj-ji fine arts, artistic professions 2
1 abbreviation Christian (in chronology) 1930
1.3 elegant, charming; gracious 2 m. proper name Zarif
A.D. 2 abbreviation
zarif Arabic 1 f. .1 refined, intelligent speech; witticism
1 abbreviation 2 the title of
1.2 proper name Zarifa 2 feminine plural of 1 'abd m. Arabic [plural: ' bidn plural: 'ubb d
zafr m. Arabic 1 victory, triumph 2 proper name Zafar plural: ' abad] devout man, religious man, believer
zafartar z victorious, triumphal 'br m. Arabic [plural: ' birn] traveler, wayfarer
zil m. zill Arabic [plural: azl l plural: zil l] 1 'dzh m. Arabic ivory; elephant's tusk the Ivory
shade 2 patronage, protection
Coast
zulm m. Arabic 1 repression, oppression; violence, force,
'dzhz Arabic 1 weak, pitiful, unhappy 2 incapable (of doing
persecution to repress, oppress someone 2 cruelty
something) to be unable, not be capable of
3 injustice
doing something; not be able to cope or deal with something 3
zlmn Arabic 1 cruelly; despotically 2 unjustly docile, obedient
zulum t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 northern countries ' dzhizn pitiable, wretched, miserable, insignificant
zulmt m. Arabic [plural: zulum t] 1 darkness, ' dzhz-miz dzha quiet, tranquil (of a person)
gloom 2 chaos
' dzhza 1 feminine singular of 2 f. [plural:
zulmrasid oppressed; repressed, persecuted 'dzhiz ni] poor fellow, poor devil
zalm Arabic cruel, tyrannical, despotic ' dzhiz f. 1 helplessness 2 humility, meekness; obedience
zan zann m. Arabic [plural: zunn] 1 opinion; thought I dare to say only that 3
2 proposal, proposition; suspicion
idiom to beseech; to entreat
zann Arabic proposed; suspected ' dzhl Arabic 1 hastening, hurrying 2 urgent, hasty 3 quick
zann Arabic distrustful; suspicious acting
zavhr m. Arabic plural of 2 ' d t m. Arabic plural of
phenomenon of nature, natural phenomenon
' dt Arabic 1 m. habit, wont; custom old
zoj m. the name of the letter custom, old habit by habit, usually
1 zuhr m. Arabic noon according to one's wont
2 zahr m. Arabic [plural: zuhr plural: uzhr] 1
proverb literal Man is a slave to habit. figurative Habit is second
spine, back 2 reverse side, back (of a check, bill of exchange) 3
nature.
rear 4 assistance, help
to get used to, grow accustomed to something
zahrnavs m. economics endorser; person making an
to conceive a liking for wine
endorsement
compound verb to accustom You
zahrnavis f. economics endorsement (the endorsement on
accustomed yourself to this. This became a habit with you. 2
the back of a check)
predicative compound verb to conceive a
1
zuhr Arabic adjective midday
liking for, get used to something, get accustomed to something
2
zahr 1 back 2 spinal 3 reverse 4 rear
497
to have the habit, custom to violate the ' shi f. beloved

custom ' shi f. being in love; love a to fall in love b to
'adtn Arabic 1 usually, ordinarily 2 by habit 3 military At court, make advances to a girl
a walk! (as a cavalry command) 'shur f. shur f. Arabic the 10th day of the month
' dat 1 customary 2 habitual of Muharram (the anniversary of the death of the Imam Husein)
' dl Arabic 1 just 2 m. [plural: ' udul] a just man the 10th day of the month of Muharram
' diln 1 just to act justly, act ' s Arabic 1.1 disobedient, intractable, rebellious 1.2
according to justice 2 justly sinful, culpable 2 m. .1 disobedient person 2.2 rebel;
'd Arabic 1 usual, ordinary, normal usually, insurrectionist 2.3 sinner, culprit
ordinarily 2 simple simple people 3 accustomed to, 'atf Arabic 1 favorable, gracious, benevolent, kind 2
used to, grown used to something to accustom propitious
to something, involve in something to get ' tifav Arabic propitious
into the habit of, grow accustomed to something 4 walking (of a ' tif f. Arabic [plural: ' tif Arabic m. plural:
pace) ! military Forward march! (as a command) ' avtf] 1 sympathy, favor
'r m. Arabic 1 dishonor, disgrace to consider to be a responsiveness 2 good graces, benevolence, kindness
disgrace; disdain to 2 shame ' tl Arabic 1 inactive, idle, loafing 2 worthless, useless, vain
'rz Arabic 1.1 appearing, arising 1.2 accidental, fortuitous ' fijt m. Arabic health, well-being ! Good health
2 m. [plural: ' riz n Arabic plural: ' arizin] to you!
plaintiff, petitioner; applicant ' ' Arabic 1 disobedient, intractable, insubordinate (of
' riz f. Arabic [plural: ' riz Arabic m. plural: children toward parents) 2 accused, damned to curse
' avrz] 1 illness 2 event, occasion, accident 3 (children); disinherit
hindrance, obstacle idiom the first signs or ' aibt Arabic 1 m. [plural: ' ibatna m. plural:
symptoms of an illness ' ibatna Arabic plural: ' avab] .1 consequence
' rizad r broken (of terrain) 1.2 ending; end, denouement, outcome, result 1.3 fate, lot 2 at
' riz accidental, fortuitous; attendant (as in "attendant last, finally idiom ! I wish you success!
circumstances"); concomitant by chance, 'ibatandsh farsighted, foresighted, cautious;
fortuitously; incidentally circumspect
' rizn m. Arabic plural of 2 'ibatandesh f. farsightedness, foresightedness;
' rf Arabic 1 expert, learned; wise; knowledgeable 2 m. .1 circumspection
mystic 2.2 proper name Arif 'd Arabic 1.1 negotiating 1.2 capable 2 m. trade
' rifn 1 competent 2 pious contractor; person concluding a trade deal
' ar Arabic 1 naked, bare, nude 2 deprived of something, free 'l Arabic 1 intelligent, sensible, sagacious, wise 2 m. .1
from something, not containing something wise man 2.2 intelligent person 2.3 proper name Akil
' rijat 'iln 1.1 wise, sensible a sensible step,
' rijt m. Arabic 1 temporary use of a thing, taking a thing prudent step intelligent use of something
for temporary use, for rent or hire Arabic sensibly 1.2 able 2.1 wisely, sensibly 2.2 capably
to take a thing for temporary use; for rent 1 'lm Arabic 1 m. .1 world, universe, cosmos 1.2 people
to give something for temporary use, There were several thousand people there.1.3
rent it out 2 something taken for temporary use, rented, or hired incalculable multitude, immeasurable quantity, number 2
' arijtn Arabic for a time, for temporary use, for rent attributive huge, large There were a great
' rijat 1 taken for temporary use, rented to number of people there.
issue for temporary use, rent out 2 lying, false, fictious 2
'lm Arabic 1.1 learned 1.2 expert, well-informed,
wig knowing 2 m. [plural: ' lim n Arabic plural:
' zm Arabic 1 setting out, departing He left 'ulem ] .1 learned man 2.2 theologian 2.3 proper name Alim
for Peshawar. 2 intending (to do something) 'lamgr 1 world, worldwide world war 2
'sh Arabic 1 beloved, loving passionately to conquerer of the world, subjugator of the world
fall, be in love 2 m. .1 in love 2.2 lover, amateur, admirer ' lamgirijt m. world domination
'shin 1.1 adjective love-, impassioned 1.2 ' limnum m. well-read person (in the sense of one who has
passionately loving, in love 1.3 lyric 2 lovingly, passionately a precise but mechanical grasp of a discrete body of literature)
498
' lam Arabic adjective world, worldwide 'm mm Arabic 1 uneducated, ignorant
' l Arabic 1 high, higher higher education ignoramus 2 m. ignoramus
institution of higher learning, institute 2 supreme 'mijn 1 vulgar 2 demotic, colloquial
the Supreme Council of the USSR 3 colloquial speech
ceremonial (of a meeting) 'medl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
'lidzh h element of the title of and high- disseminated, be introduced
ranking 'n f. Arabic anatomy pubis
'lidzhan b m. Arabic honorable person, noble person, 'd ' jd Arabic 1 relating to, having a relationship to
wellborn person someone, something 2 receiving, incoming (of income)
' lidzhanb f. nobility 'id t m. plural jid t m. Arabic singular:
' lirutb highly placed high ranks, official income, receipts, revenue return annual income
personages (other than a minister and his deputy) national income income tax
senior officer complement ' idt ' jidt adjective income, revenue
' lish n 1.1 reknowned, well-known 1.2 highly-placed 1.3 ' ajsh Arabic proper name Ajsha
excellent 2 element of the title of generals: His Excellency ' j Arabic 1.1 hindering, impending 1.2
'lidr official element of the title of premier and of technology insulating 2 m. .1 hindrance, obstacle 2.2
generals: His High Excellency technology insulation, nonconductor nonconductor
' lij feminine plural of 'i f. ji f. Arabic [plural: 'i m. Arabic
' m mm Arabic 1.1 usual, ordinary This is plural: ' av] hindrance, obstacle
the usual thing. 1.2 simple simple folk, the common ' ilav Arabic adjective family, familial
people 1.3 nationwide, common; general, universal the ' il f. Arabic family
Common Market general strike in the ' ab f. Arabic aba (a woolen water-repellant cape)
world, in the whole world 1.4 general, in general use, public 2 1 'ib d masculine plural of 2
m. simple folk, the common people idiom in 2 'ubb d m. Arabic plural of
general including, inclusively ' ibbt m. Arabic 1 worship (given to God or a god), cult (of
' m-ul-manfa' Arabic adjective in general use a god) 2 prayer ritual hymns, chanting
' mfhm Arabic mfhma understood, simple in to worship God, pray
concept, popular ' ibdatz j m. ibdatkhn f. ibdatg h
'ml m. Arabic 1 [plural: ' mil n Arabic plural: m. temple, place of worship
'umm l] agent, designated representative 2 Arabic [plural: 'ibdat pious, religious
'avml] reason, factor 3 [plural: ' mil n Arabic plural: 'ibrt m. Arabic 1 meaning consisting of
' umm l plural: ' amal] worker, executer 4 [plural: , including
' milna Arabic plural: ' avml] grammar The family consists of the father, the mother, the children, and the
preposition or postposition requiring an inflexion 5 Arabic other relatives. 2 phrase, expression; turn of speech; grammar
[plural: ' avml] medicine pathogenic organism sentence in other words, phrased
'miln 1 efficient, businesslike 2 energetic otherwise in short 3 style
a efficiently, in a bussinesslike manner b energetically ' abb s m. Arabic proper name Abbas
' mmabulijt m. popularity ' abbs history 1 adjective Abbasid 2 m. an Abbasid
' mv laj m. 1 the state of being usual 2 ' abs Arabic 1 vain, useless, idle; empty, worthless
prevalence, diffusion 3 spreading, dissemination, wide empty words to talk nonsense
introduction 2 to no purpose, in vain,
'mm-u-kh s m. aristocracy and the peasantry, high and uselessly, vainly to turn out to be in vain, be useless, to no
the low (levels of society) purpose His efforts turned out to be in vain.
'mavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to ' abasavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to waste,
disseminate, introduce squander (time, etc.)
' mm feminine plural of 1 'abasedl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to be in
' mmamasrf adjective consumer-, having wide vain, be useless, to no avail 2 to be lost, spent idly (time, etc.)
consumption, usage
499
'abd m. Arabic 1 [plural: ' abd plural: ' ubd n 'abus f. 1 sternness; strictness 2 moroseness, gloominess,
plural: 'ibd n] slave, thrall 2 [plural: ' ib d] slave of God, a dismal look, appearance
man 3 element in person names Abdul'baki 1 'abd m. Arabic plural of 1
' abdulahd m. Arabic proper name Abdulahad 2 'ubajd m. Arabic 1 slave, bondsman; servant 2 believer
' abdulbi m. Arabic proper name Abdulbaqi ' ubajdull 'ubajdullh m. Arabic proper name Ubajdulla
' abdulh m. Arabic Abdulhaq ' abidn obediently, docilely; humbly; servilely
' abdulhamd m. Arabic Abdul Hamid ' abr m. Arabic 1 fragrance, ambergris 2 regional saffron
' abdulhjj m. Arabic Abdulhaj ' it b m. et b Arabic reproach; censure to reproach;
' abdurrahm n m. Arabic proper name censure
Abdurrahman ' at Arabic ancient, antique; very old
' abdurrahm m. Arabic proper name Abdurrahim ' ati f. Arabic antiquities, productions of ancient times
1 'abdurrahimz m. plural the Abdurrahimzai 2 atiashin s m. 1 archeologist 2 antiquarian
abdurrahimzj m. Abdurrahimzai (tribesman) atiashins f. archeology
' abdurrasl m. Arabic proper name Abdurrasul archeological expedition
' abdurrashd m. Arabic proper name Abdurrashid 'osm n m. 'usm n Arabic proper name plural Osman,
' abdurraf m. Arabic proper name Abdurrauf Usman
' abdussatt r m. Arabic proper name Abdusattar ' osmn Arabic 1 adjective Osmanli, Ottoman
' abuushshakr m. Arabic proper name Abdushakur history the Ottoman Empire 2 m.
' abdullatf m. Arabic proper name Abdullatif Ottoman, Osmanli Turk
' abduzzhr Arabic proper name Abduzzahir abbreviation His Excellency (title of ministers
' abdul'azz m. Arabic proper name Abdulaziz and ambassadors)
' abdulghaff r m. Arabic proper name Abdulghaffar ' edzhlt m. Arabic haste
' abdulghafr m. Arabic proper name Abdulghafur ' edzhltn Arabic 1 urgently, hurriedly 2 immediately, at
' abdulghan m. Arabic proper name Abdulghani once
' abduldr m. Arabic proper name Abdulqadir ' edzh n m. Arabic anatomy perineum
' abdull abdullh m. Arabic proper name Abdulla, ' adzhb m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 2 miracles, wonders;
Abdullah extraordinary things a wonders, curiosities b
' abdulmadzhd m. Arabic proper name Abdulmajid surprising creations; monsters
' abdunnab m. Arabic proper name Abdulnabi ' adzhib t masculine second plural of
' abdulvhd m. Arabic proper name Abdulwahid ' adzhibgr m. regional museum
' abdulvahh b m. Arabic proper name Abdulwahab ' adzhb Arabic 1.1 surprising, amazing, astounding ...
' abdl m. proper name Abdal It is surprising that ... It is most
1 'abd f. Arabic slave, bondswoman astonishing of all that 1.2 strange 2 m. surprise, astonishment
2 'abad m. Arabic plural of ! It is astounding! It is surprising!
' ibran ebran Arabic 1 Jewish 2 m. Jew ' adzhba 1 feminine singular of 2 f. proper name
' ibrt m. Arabic example, lesson for others, edification Ajaba
to draw conclusion for 'adzhz m. Arabic 1 obedience, docility; submission 2
oneself, take good note of to show an example weakness, powerlessness, lack of strength to
as an edification for others, in order to serve as an recognize one's lack of strength or one's weakness
example to others ' adzhal f. Arabic haste, impetuosity
' ibratn k instructive ' adzhm m. Arabic singular & plural non-Arabs; Iranians,
' ibr Persians; Tajiks
' abarijt m. Arabic genius 'adzham m. Arabic singular & plural 1.1 non-Arabs;
' ubr m. Arabic passage, passing; crossing, ford Iranians, Persians; Tajiks 1.2 inexperienced; ill-informed 2 m.
impassable compound verb to pass through or over, to military recruit, rookie, untrained soldier
get across ' adzhl Arabic quick, smart, bright
' ubur-u-murr m. movement, traffic, run (of transport) ' adzhuln quick, speedy
' abs Arabic 1 stern; strict 2 morose, gloomy
500
'adzhb Arabic surprising, strange, unusual 'adamtavf m. Arabic disagreement, absence of accord;
strangely ... It's even disharmony, dissent
surprising that 'adamtavadzhdzhh f. Arabic lack of consideration,
' adzhibushshkl Arabic unusual, of strange appearance disdain
1 'adzhba feminine singular of 'adamrizjt m. Arabic displeasure; discontent;
2 'adzhib Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. [plural: dissatisfaction
' adzhb] wonder 'adamshumulijt m. Arabic nonparticipation; keeping
' id d m. Arabic 1 counting, calculation 2 category, sort aloof from something
' adlt m. Arabic 1 justice 2 equity to 'adamsalahijt m. Arabic 1 incompetence 2
administer justice 3 court, tribunal tribal court unskillfulness
military tribunal ecclesiastical court ' adamfhm m. Arabic incomprehension
regional court costs ' adammudkhalt m. Arabic noninterference
' adlatpasnd just, equitable noninterference in internal affairs
' advt m. Arabic hostility; enmity ' adammusv t m. Arabic inequality
to be or become hostile to someone ' adammusdat m. Arabic insincerity
' add m. Arabic [plural: ' adadna Arabic plural: ' adammuvfat m. Arabic discord, dissent
a'd d] 1 number, amount, numerical strength 2 item 3 grammar ' adammavdzhudijt m. Arabic absence
number ' adammuvaffaijt m. Arabic failure, failing, unsuccess
' adad Arabic numerical 1 'adn m. Arabic Aden (city)
' ads m. Arabic lentil 2 'adn m. Arabic Paradise, Eden
' adas 1 f. lense, optical glass; objective 2.1 lenticular, ' adv m. Arabic [plural: a'd ] (mortal) enemy, foe,
lense-like 2.2 biconvex adversary
1
'adl m. Arabic 1 justice, equity 2 equitableness 1
'udl m. Arabic 1 deviation; divergence; moving away
2
'idl m. Arabic half a load; pile; piece (of goods) a (from) to deviate; diverge; move away 2
bale of cotton insubordination, disobedience
' adl Arabic forensic forensic medicine 2 'udl m. Arabic plural of 2
' adlij f. Arabic justice, equity court, tribunal ' iddi f. Arabic 1 number 2 multitude
Ministry of Justice ' adl Arabic even, equal, the same (as)
International Court ' az b m. Arabic torment, torture to
'adm Arabic 1 m. .1 absence in the absence of suffer as a result of someone's action to torture
1.2 nonexistence 2 combining form non-, anti- someone
disorder; indiscipline 'azbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
' adamakhl m. Arabic immorality torture, torment
' adamit't m. Arabic insubordination, disobedience 'azbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
' adamitmin n m. Arabic uncertainty tormented, be tortured to languish
' adami'tib r m. Arabic distrust 'zr zr m. Arabic apology, excuse; occasion, cause, reason
' adamiktish f m. Arabic lack of development, (for a refusal, etc.) to
a valid reason
backwardness introduce arguments, give motives for to ask for
' adamiltif t m. Arabic lack of consideration, disdain absolution, ask for forgiveness Eastern to refuse, decline
' adamintiz m m. Arabic disorder; indiscipline to agree with someone's arguments to
' adamahammijt m. Arabic disdain, disregard, lack of justify oneself by some means; excuse oneself to
consideration apologize profusely; bring forth all kinds of excuses or reasons
' adambaladijt m. Arabic unfamiliarity, nonaquaintance ' uzrdzhn
' adamtasbt m. Arabic instability ' uzrkhvh f. request for forgiveness to
' adamtadzhrib f. Arabic inexperience apologize profusely
' adamtashaddd m. Arabic nonresistance to evil ' uzrmn
' adamtansb m. Arabic disproportion ' ar b m. Arabic plural of
' adamtavzn m. Arabic lack of equilibrium; unstable ' arb f. vehicle, bullock cart; military gun-carriage, caisson
equilibrium ' arbkah draft (of animals)
501
'ard f. Arabic 1 wheel 2 carriage 3 enumerative classifier 'urf m. Arabic 1 common law; civil law; secular law (as
used in counting cannons, vehicles, carriages, automobiles, trucks contrasted to shariat or religious law) 2 custom, habit, wont
' ardakh local customs 3 regional nickname
' ir m. Iraq ' irf n m. Arabic knowledge, education
' ir 1 adjective Iraqi 2 m. Iraqi (person) ' irfn cultural, educational
' araz m. Arabic plural of ' urf 1 based on civil law contract
' arb m. Arabic [plural: ' ar b Arabic plural: official record of a divorce 2 usual, based on custom
'urb n] Arab, Arabs Saudi Arabia 1
'ar m. Arabic 1 sweat 2 arrack, vodka 3 distillation
dzhmi'-ji The League of Arab Nations product 4 essence idiom rose water
the Arabian Sea ' ir m. Arabic
2
[plural: ' ur] 1 family, clan; descent
' arabist n m. Arabia Saudi Arabia family, clan; descent 2 vessel (blood circulatory); vein,
the Arabian desert artery
' arba f. Arab woman Arab woman ir-un-nis f. anatomy sciatic nerve
' arab Arabic 1 adjective Arabian; Arab, Arabic ' ars f. Arabic bride
the Arab League the ' arz m. Arabic prosody (a system of versification), poetry
United Arab Republic, the UAR ' ur m. Arabic plural of 2
the Syrian Arab Republic 2 f. Arabic, the Arabic ' arz Arabic wide, broad
language ' ariz f. Arabic [plural: ' ariz Arabic m. plural:
'arabij 1 f. Arabia Saudi Arabia 2 feminine & ' arz] request, petition director of the
plural of Department of Petitions (for the prime minister)
'arsh m. Arabic arshkurs f. regional 1 heavens, ' arizach m. petitioner
empyrean 2 throne; religion Divine Throne; throne of God ' ariz f. width, breadth
' arshimu'all f. heavens, empyrean ' azb Arabic celibate, unmarried
' ars f. Arabic 1 field, arena 2 field of battle, field of combat izzt m. honor, glory the Badge of Honor
1 'arz m. Arabic report; petition, request to report, self-respect honored and esteemed people
say respectfully I can only say that to honor someone to show honor; do
to say respectfully to honor (to)
be reported to someone I should say ' izzatull m. Arabic proper name Izatulla
to report to someone; respectfully inform ' izzat-an-nfs m. Arabic self-respect; sense of
2 'arz m. Arabic 1 width, breadth 2 geography latitude honor
south latitude north latitude ' izzatd r
3 'arz m. Arabic [plural: ' ar z] 1 symptom 2 ' izzatm b civil servants lower than
chance 3 external characteristic; phenomena which are external to ' izzatmnd izzatn k esteemed, honored
the substance of a subject ' izzathamr izzathamr h element of the title of generals
'rzn Arabic 1 in breadth, in depth 2 diagonally, in cross ' azrl m. Arabic religion Azrail, Angel of Death
section ' azl m. Arabic dismissal, removal compound verb to
' arz-al-bald arz-ul-bald m. Arabic latitude dismiss, remove
' arzbeg m. official of the chancellery in charge of 'uzlt m. Arabic solitude, hermit's life to seek
receiving complaints (in the Ministry of the Court of Afghanistan) solitude, become a hermit, lead the life of a hermit
'arzch m. arzd r m. arzvl m. ' uzlat m. & f. Arabic hermit; recluse; hermitess
petitioner ' azm m. Arabic 1 decisiveness; stubbornness, persistance
' arzv laj m. width, breadth to work persistently, doggedly
' arz f. 1 supply (of goods, production) supply indecisiveness 2 intent; decision firm decision
and demand compound verb to supply (goods); to to make a firm decision
market compound verb a to be supplied (goods) b to ' azz Arabic 1 dear, lovable, desired to love; esteem 2
be shown, demonstrated (of goods at an exhibition) 2 submission m. [plural: a'izz ] .1 close friend 2.2 relative 3 [plural:
(of a report) ' aziz n] a clansmen, relations, kinsmen b Brothers! (form
'arz f. petition; letter from an subordinate of address) 4 proper name Aziz
'aziztb m. aziztj f.
502
' azizdar f. relationship through marriage 'asabijt m. Arabic 1 zeal 2 fanaticism 3 intransigence 4
' azizgalv f. ' azizv laj m. 'aziz f. 1 bias, prejudice
kinship relations between an uncle, nieces, or nephews 2 'asr m. Arabic [plural: ' asrna Arabic plural:
friendship to love, esteem a's r plural: a'sr plural: ' usr] 1 century, epoch,
'azimt m. Arabic 1 exit, departure along the era 2 dusk, time just before evening 3 prayer at dusk, vesper
route to depart 2 resoluteness, resolution prayer
' askr m. Arabic plural of 2 ' asrn f. evening reception; evening
' usr m. usrt m. Arabic difficulties; straits ' asr Arabic contemporary, modern a modern
financial difficulties hotel to modernize to be modernized
'askr m. Arabic 1 singular & plural troops; army 2 ' asrijt m. Arabic 1 modernity 2 novelty
[plural: ' askar n Arabic plural: ' askr] trooper, ' asriked m. plural modernization
warrior, soldier ' asrij f. Arabic supper, evening meal
martial law adjective .1
'askar 1 Supper took place later.
army, troop, military military service 1.2 martial ' usfr m. Arabic [plural: ' asfr] 1 sparrow 2 small
(e.g., of a song) 1.3 soldierly 2 m. trooper, warrior, soldier bird
' askarijt m. military service; military profession ' ismt m. Arabic 1 chastitiy; purity 2 proper name Ismat
' asl m. Arabic plural honey ' ismatull m. Arabic proper name Ismatulla
official abbreviation the title of a ' usr m. Arabic plural of
' isij n m. Arabic rebellion; uprising, mutiny
' ash f. Arabic religion 1 evening meal 2 evening ' asr m. Arabic digestive juices
' ashr Arabic decimal, tenfold ' azal t azul t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 musculature
' asharij f. decimal fraction 5.9 ' azlt azult muscular; physical physical
' ushr m. Arabic [plural: ' ush r] 1 tenth part of strength physical labor
something 2 tithe (tax) ' azalav azulav Arabic muscular
' ashar t m. Arabic plural [singular: ]tenths ' azal 'azul f. Arabic [plural: ' azal plural: 'azul m.
' ishrt m. Arabic entertainment; feast, banquet; merriment, Arabic plural plural: ' azal t plural: 'azult] muscle
joy a to enjoy life b to feast, banquet biceps to be muscular, be brawny
' ish m. Arabic love to love; be in love, fall in love ' uzv m. Arabic [plural: a'z ] 1 anatomy member,
to love one's work Love organ 2 member (of an organization, society); a participant in
cannot be compelled. something
' ashb d m. Ashkabad (city) ' zva f. anatomy member, organ; extremity
' ishbz f. amorous intrigue; making advances, 1 'uzv Arabic organic organic chemistry
flirting to make advances organic substances products of
' ishpech f. Eastern botany ivy decomposition
ish love, amorous love lyric 2 'zvi feminine plural of
' ishv f. Arabic coquettishness; playfulness ' uzvijt m. Arabic 1 organism living
official abreviation of the title of counsellors, organism the human organism 2 membership
deputy ministers, directors of finance, and chiefs of directorates corresponding-member of the Academy
' as f. Arabic staff; cane; baton to be a member (of an organization, society)
' usr f. Arabic juice (squeezed out of fruit, etc.), extract to elect as an honorary member
' asksh m. leader, guide ' ata f. Arabic grant, gift; donation to bestow on
' asfr m. Arabic plural of someone
' asb m. Arabic [plural: a's b] nerve ' ataull 'ataullh m. Arabic personal name Ataulla
' asbn Arabic 1 nervous; irritable 2 angry with, enraged at ' att r m. Arabic dealer in gums and dyestuffs; seller of
' asbnnijt m. ashbnitb m. Arabic 1 perfumes or apothecary goods; trader in small grocery items
nervousness; irritability 2 rage, wrath, ire ' utard m. Arabic astronomy Mercury (the planet)
'asab Arabic 1 nervous nervous affliction, ' attr f. trade in perfumes, gums, dyestuffs, apothecary, or
disease the nervous system 2 psychic (of small grocery items
phenomena)
503
' atr itr m. Arabic plural 1 perfumes 2 scent, fragrance 'ab Arabic 1 m. Arabic rear; back part of something 2.1
to make oneself or something smell sweet or fragrant back, backwards 2.2 behind, from behind
' atrmz aromatic, fragrant scent, fragrance 'aabnishin f. retreat; withdrawal to
' atrd n m. small box or vial for scents retreat; withdraw
' atrkash f. perfume production 'aab f. Arabic [plural: ' aab m. Arabic plural:
' atr 'itr Arabic aromatic; sweet-smelling 'aab t] danger, dangerous moment, risk
' atrij t 'itrij t m. Arabic plural fragrances, aromatic 1
'ub f. Arabic 1 the other world, world beyond the grave
substances; perfumes 2 result
' ats f. Arabic sneezing 2
'aab Arabic 1 Arabic adjective rear
' atf m. Arabic 1 treatment (paying of attention, giving of rear detachment, reserve 2 behind, rear, back, hind
consideration, etc.) 2 attatchment, liking for someone 3 1
'ad m. Arabic [plural: ' adna Arabic plural:
connection; contiguity; association (with) grammar 'ud] 1 conclusion (of a treaty) 2 convocation (of a meeting) 3
conjunction compound verb to join, unite 4 leaning contraction (of marriage) 4 agreement; treaty; transaction
(towards), sympathy; compassion (for) trade agreements, trade deals a to
'atfavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to pay conclude an agreement b to contract (a marriage) to
(attention), attract (attention) agree, conclude an agreement
' utuft m. Arabic leaning, bent, disposition 2 'id m. Arabic 1 collar 2 necklace
' atij f. Arabic gift natural gift ' ad kavnkaj m. trade contractor
1 'uz m uzz m Arabic most high ' ud f. Arabic 1 knot, tying a knot 2 anatomy ganglion,
2 'iz m Arabic plural of nerve bundle 3 difficulty; hindrance, obstacle, muddled affair 4
' azamt m. Arabic 1 greatness; excellence 2 honor, glory 3 speech defect
haughtiness, arrogance 'arb m. Arabic 1 scorpion 2 astronomy Scorpio (the
'uzm f. Arabic of 1 a position of prime constellation) 3 Akrab (the 8th month of the solar year; October-
minister b Chancellery, Office of the Prime Minister November)
'azm Arabic [plural: ' iz m] 1 .1 great, huge 1.2 ' arabk m. arab f. hand (of a clock, etc.), indicator
important, high 1.3 outstanding, famous (e.g., a poet) 2 m. ' aararh f. Arabic botany 1 Pyrethrum 2 chamomile
proper name Azim idiom Great Powers ' l l m. Arabic [plural: ' alna Arabic plural:
' azim-al-dzhuss Arabic enormous, gigantic ' ul] mind, intellect; reason practical intelligence
' azimtra most high to teach sense inconceivable,
official abbreviation district chief impossible Eastern This isn't
official abbreviation title of general sinking into my head. He is a real numbskull.
He's making a fool of himself.
abbreviation 1 title of the ' al khvadzedlaj not (mentally) normal, crazy, mad
province chief 2 title of a general ' alfurush f. conceit
' ift m. Arabic modesty, chastity, feminine honor ' almn almnd
' ifrt m. Arabic afreet (a powerful evil spirit or gigantic and ' al Arabic 1 intelligent; intellectual 2 positive, based on
monstrous demon in Arabic mythology) experience or facts 3 psychic, mental
' af'af 1 m. bark (of a dog) 2 onomatopoeia bowwow ' alijt m. level of intellectual development
' afv m. application; petition; pardon, forgiveness to ' aalij indeclinable mental, intellectual psychic
ask forgiveness to forgive or mental illness
' ufunt m. ufun f. Arabic 1 decay; decomposition 2 ' ud m. Arabic plural of 1
infection; contagion antiseptic, disinfectant ' aidt m. Arabic
' ufun 1 rotten, decayed 2 infectious, contagious ' aidatmnd m. partisan, supporter of some particular
' fva f. teaching, doctrine, or theory
' aff Arabic modest; chaste; maidenly 'aid f. [plural: ' aid m. Arabic plural:
1 'u b m. Arabic eagle; plains or steppe eagle 'ad] 1 belief to believe, suppose .
2 'i b m. punishment, retribution Many suppose that 2 opinion; conviction
' ad m. plural ajd m. Arabic plural of in my opinion to express an opinion
to act out of conviction
504
' aidamnd 1 convinced 2 supposing, considering 'aladr f. 1 interest (state of having an interest in);
' aidamand f. conviction concern 2 official post of alakadar (local headman or senior local
' a m. Arabic geology carnelian, sard official)
' ai f. Arabic tuft, fluff (of hair) ' al larnkaj interested (having an interest in)
' am Arabic 1 fruitless; barren; childless 2 unavailing, futile al larnki the interested powers
ineffectually, futilely 3 unproductive alk larnki the interested parties
' aimavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to ' alamnd 1.1 interested (having an interest in) 1.2
render fruitless, render futile to break the relating to something; concerned with something 1.3 interested
enemy's attack in, keen on 2 m. fan, aficionado
' akk s m. Arabic photograph 'alamand f. interest; concern to
1 'akks f. 1 photographing camera evoke interest to be interested in
aerial photography, photogrammetry 2 photographic something
2 'aks f. acacia ' all m Arabic religion omniscient (one of the epithets of God)
' aks m. Arabic 1 reflection He ' almt m. Arabic [plural: ' almatna Arabic
saw his reflection in the water. 2 snapshot, photograph plural: ' alm t] 1
to take a photo, photograph 3 contrast, antithesis, opposition 1 alm f. Arabic 1 sign; mark, emblem, token 2 symbol,
Their viewpoints are badge 3 signal, sign road signs
diametrically opposed. in spite of this 2 'allm Arabic erudite, learned
on the other hand, on the contrary ' elvtn 'ilvtn besides, in addition
compound verb to engrave, stamp, reflect ' elv 'ilv Arabic f. 1 addition, augmentation to
' aks akhistnkaj m. photographer add, augment 2 besides, furthermore
' aks-ul-'aml m. Arabic 1 reaction, reacting 2 reflexes above all Eastern besides
' aksbardr f. photographing, photography except them Eastern except, besides
' al-ul-itlk Arabic in general, overall ' al m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 interests 3 concern 4
' il dzh m. Arabic 1 cure; remedy, medicine; healing devotion 5 relations, interrelationships friendly
to receive treatment, undergo treatment 2 way out, relations, amicable relations close cultural ties
means compound verb ' illt m. Arabic [plural: ' illatna m. Arabic plural:
Now I am going to settle accounts with you! Now 'ill] 1 reason, factor for whatever reason
here's a way out (of a situation). there may be 2 illness; indisposition 3 flaw, defect
' ildzhpazr curable 'illat 1 sick, ill; unhealthy 2 defective, having a definciency, a
' iladzhnpazr 1 incurable 2 literal incorrigible defect
' ildzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to ' alf m. Arabic 1 grass 2 forage
heal, cure 2 to teach someone a lesson; settle accounts with ' alafchr m. 1 tax on pasturage 2 pastureland
someone ' alaf 1 herbaceous 2 hempen; made of hemp fibers, etc.
'al ila f. Arabic [plural: ' al plural: 'ila m. ' ilk m. Arabic mastic (a vegetable resin)
Arabic plural: ' al plural: ' al t] 1 state of ill m. Arabic plural of
having an interest in; interest, concern; diposition, arrangement 1 'alm m. Arabic [plural: ' ilmna plural: ' ulm]
interested party 2 knowledge; science ' ilm-i... literature (as a study)
relation; connection, interest a to establish a academic disciplines, subjects Academy of
relationship with someone a to maintain a Sciences social sciences faculty of
relationship with someone b to sympathize with someone physics and mathematics idiom No one even
You feel for me deeply. b to take an interest in knows about this. He has completed the
someone to break off a relationship with Medressese (i.e., Moslem theological school).
someone 3 district, region, territory 2
'alm m. Arabic 1 banner, flag; pennant 2 famous man,
'alabnd m. gold-lace maker, braid maker oustanding man 3 proper name Alim
'alad r 1.1 relating to something 1.2 having an interest ' ulam m. Arabic of 2
in something 2 m. official alakadar (local headman or senior ' ilm-ul-insn m. Arabic anthropology
official) ' ilm-ut-ta'lm m. Arabic pedagogy, educational science
' ilm-ul-dzharm m. Arabic criminology
505
' ilm-ul-dzhann m. Arabic embryology 'alajkumassal m Arabic And greetings to you! I give
' ilm-ur-rh m. Arabic psychology (science) you greeting! (the response to the greeting )
' ilm-ut-tabi'j f. Arabic 1 natural science 2 physics ' alig m. 1 Aligar (city, India) 2 Aligar (the Moslem
' ilmvar f. familiarization, scrutiny, examination university in the city of Aligar)
' alambard r m. flag bearer ' all Arabic weak, ill
' ilmdst m. patron of science ' ali-masdzhd m. Ali-Masjd (settlement, Khyber District)
' ilmfursh m. pedant ' alij Arabic feminine singular of
' ilmfurush f. pedantry davlt-i-'alij-ji High Afghan Goverment (the official name of
' ilmukhabr m. 1 declaration (customs) 2 military Afghanistan)
certificate of service 'aljhi 'aljh Arabic combining form 1 on him; over him 2 to
scientific activity 2
'ilm Arabic 1 scientific him Arabic religion May the mercy of God be unto
scholarly, academic academic degree him!
' ilmijt m. learning, erudition learned man, Arabic religion abbreviation ! 'alajhassal m May he
erudite person rest in peace!
' alnn Arabic openly, publicly ' im d m. Arabic support; column
' alan 1 evident, obvious; open, public 2 frank ' imduddn m. Arabic proper name Imaduddin
' ulvv m. Arabic 1 height, altitude, eminence 2 grandeur ' imrt m. Arabic building; structure
' uluf f. Arabic forage; provisions (military) ' imr f. Arabic palanquin (on the back of an elephant or
' ulm m. plural of 1 camel)
1 'ulv Arabic 1 high, superlative 2 heavenly 'umm l m. Arabic plural of 1, 3 Ministry of
heavenly bodies 3 beyond the clouds Labor the Labor Party (in England)
2
'alav m. Arabic 1 descendant of Ali 2 Ali-ite, follower of 1 'om n m. Arabic Oman
Ali 2 'amm n m. Amman
' ulvij n m. Arabic plural heavenly bodies ' amd m. Arabic design, intent
' ulvijt m. Arabic high position ' umd Arabic 1 chief, principal 2 f. substance, the main thing
' al Arabic 1 high, most high 2 m. proper name Ali ' umdafurush f. wholesale sales, wholesale trade
the Imam Ali 1 'umr 'mr m. Arabic [plural: a'm r] 1 life, human
' al combining form on, according to, in accordance with (as lifetime in one's life, in one's lifetime
the initial element of Arabic compounds) especially, Life, time takes its course ! ! I wish
particularly, for the most part you a long life! to live, pass through life 2 time
' ulj feminine singular of ! How long ago this was!
' alib d m. Arabic Aliabad (district, Kabul) Some little time passed. 3 age an
' ulijhazrt f. Her Highness (title of a queen) elderly man to come of age, attain majority
' al-ul-itl (of a youth)
' alnfir d Arabic separately, individually 2 'umr m. Arabic proper name Omar, Umar
' allhis b Arabic according to the account or the count ' umr n m. Arabic [plural: ' umrn t] 1 modern
' allkhuss Arabic especially, in particular, for the conveniences, services and utilities (of a municipality) 2 well-
most part being
' all'adzhal Arabic hastily, hurriedly ' umrn t m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 construction
' allmartb Arabic official according to echelon, by ' umrn 1 relating to services and utilities modern
command level, in order of subordination conveniences 2 adjective construction
'illijt m. Arabic philosophy causality causal the State Plan for Construction
relation ' umr 1.1 eternal, constant 1.2 final; conclusive 1.3 life, for
' alahid 'alaid Arabic 1 separate 2 separately life to sentence to life, imprisonment 2 for
' alishr m. proper name Alisher life, forever, always
' aljka Arabic ! Greetings to you! 'um m. Arabic [plural: a'm] depth
' aljk saljk m. Arabic greeting 'aml m. Arabic [plural: ' amalna Arabic plural:
to exchange greetings We exchanged a'm l] 1 business, work, labor division of labor 2
greetings. action; act, deed to act; take action
506
Why didn't you do as I told you? main telegraph office to disseminate widely,
proverb A good deed will not be forgotten for a lifetime. 3 math introduce 2 social, public; nationwide public garden
operation the four operations of arithmetic 4 civil aircraft 3 general general
history power 5 practice theoretical knowledge and assembly governor-general; viceroy 4 world-;
practice to bring some idea into universal world literature idiom in
effectual practice 6 operation, action 7 process the general, generally
process of combustion 8 biology function 9 drug addiction 10 ' umumij t m. 1 plural of 2 common phenomena
medicine defecation; cleaning out the bowels idiom ' umumijt m. Arabic 1 community, communality,
in actuality, indeed idiom ( ) at nine o'clock universality 2 popularity to be popular
' amln Arabic practically, indeed; clearly, graphically to obtain popularity, become popular 3 dissemination,
' amalbnd medicine suffering from constipation, constipated introduction to disseminate widely, introduce,
' amald r m. obsolete governor, ruler of a province popularize
' amaldr f. 1 jurisdiction 2 competence 3 ' imumiked m. plural wide dissemination, introduction
sphere of authority ' amm f. Arabic aunt (father's sister)
' amalgar f. physical work; manual labor ' am Arabic 1 deep, profound 2 deeply into something
' amalnm f. 1 protocol, written record 2 deed of to go deeply into, penetrate deeply into something
property, deed of ownership of land ' an directly; right up to; exactly
' amal f. Arabic plural from ' ml 1 team, crew ' unn b m. Arabic plural botany jujube (tree and fruit)
crew of a ship crew of a tank in d m. Arabic obstinacy to be obstinate, show
firefighting crew, firemen 2 workers; workforce; employees; obstinacy to be obstinate
(service) personnel; table of organization; organizational ' ind obstinate
infrastructure 3 retainers; servants ' ansr m. Arabic plural of
'amal aml 1.1 practical practice a to ' ansirparast f. bowing to the forces of nature
bring into practice, effect, put into practical operation b to ' in n m. Arabic 1 uzda, rein 2 reins (of government)
perform, execute (e.g., a song) a to be put into practice, ' anvn m. Arabic plural of
be effected; be put into operation, be performed, be executed (of a ' injt m. Arabic favor, grace to show grace,
song) practically, indeed, in reality 1.2 practical; demonstrate favor
efficient 2 m. .1 smoker 2.2 drug addict ' inajatull inajatullh m. Arabic proper name Inayatulla
' amalij t 1 plural of 2 operation, action, activity ' anb-us-salb m. Arabic solanum, morel
military operation, action urgent ' ambr m. Arabic plural ambergris
measures 3 operation (surgical) operating table 4 ' ambarbj fragrant, sweet-smelling, aromatic
exercise ' ambar having the color or scent of ambergris
' amalijt operational ' nchi even 2
' amalijt m. amalij f. Arabic process ' ndu 'nda Arabic at, in the presence of, near, around (as the
' amaliked m. plural putting into practice or effect, initial element of Arabic compounds) when possible,
bringing into operation, execution, performance when an opportunity offers itself
' am m. Arabic uncle (father's brother) 'ind-ul-itiz Arabic in case of necessity or need
' amd m. Arabic 1 vertical or perpendicular line; a 'ind-ul-imk n Arabic when possible, when the
perpendicular 2 pole; column; support opportunity arises
' amdn Arabic vertically; plumb, sheer perpendicularly ' ind-az-zarurt Arabic
' amud Arabic vertical; sheer, plumb, perpendicular ' ind-ul-luzm insofar as is possible
a vertical or perpendicular line; a perpendicular ' andalb m. Arabic 1 blackbird 2 poetry nightingale
' amudijt m. Arabic verticality; sheerness, plumbness; ' ind Arabic 1 subjective 2 made-up, fabricated, fictitious,
perpendicularity imaginary
' umm m. Arabic entire nation, whole population ' unsr m. Arabic [plural: ' unsurna Arabic plural:
' ummn Arabic 1 generally; in general 2 in broad areas, in ' ansr] 1 element chemical elements
circles, in fields elements table 2 composite part; component element
' umum Arabic 1 general, universal; principal, main, chief 3 (basic, primal) element the four elements of nature
general meeting (earth, water, fire, air)
507
' unsur Arabic elementary, primary, initial; basic (of a rule) 'ivz 1.1 f. substitution, replacement to
' an'an t m. Arabic plural of substitute for or replace someone 1.2 m. regional deputy 2.1
' an'anav traditional mutual, reciprocal 2. 2 regional substitute
' an'anavijt m. Arabic traditional character, traditional ' av 'v m.
nature 1 'hd m. Arabic 1 promise, obligation; assurance
' an'an f. Arabic tradition according to tradition to oblige, obligate by promises, by pledges 2
' an'an'apasnd adhering to tradition; conservative treaty, agreement a to promise, obligate oneself; assure
' unf m. Arabic 1 oppression, force, violence 2 cruelty, He pledged his word. b to conclude a treaty
brutality exceedingly cruelly 2 'ahd m. geology epoch, period
' an f. mythology phoenix tertiary period primitive, primeval people
' anv uncommon, rare, marvelous ' ahdshikn breaking a promise, obligation, or treaty
' anarb Arabic soon, shortly thereafter, immediately ' ahdshikan f. breaking of a promise or obligation,
thereafter violation of a treaty
' ankabt m. Arabic spider ' ahdnm f. 1 written obligation 2 treaty; convention
' ankabut spider-like, arachnoid ' uhd f. Arabic 1 promise; obligation 2 responsibility 3
' inv n unv n m. Arabic [plural: ' invnna Arabic post, appointment
plural: ' anvn] 1 title, heading; name, appellation
under the name of trading firm 2 address to deal with some matter
addressed to someone 3 method, way, form ' uhdad r m. regional 1 official, functionary; staff-official
under the guise, pretext of; by way of, means of 2 noncommissioned officer
1 'und m. Arabic stubbornness; obstinacy ' uhdadr f. government service; office, post
2 'and Arabic stubborn, obstinate to serve
' anudn 1 stubborn; obstinate 2 stubbornly; obstinately ' ijdt m. Arabic visitation to a sick person
' nha Arabic from him to visit a sick person
' anf m. Arabic despot, oppressor 'ij r 'aj r m. Arabic 1 assay (of precious metals) 2 touchstone
' innn Arabic 1 weak, powerless 2 impotent (of a jeweler) 3 standard, criterion
avv f. Arabic astronomy Botes (the constellation) ' aij sh m. Arabic fast-liver, playboy, sybarite
' avrz m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 folds (accidents ' aijash f. enjoyment of life; sybaritism; amusement
of terrain) relief (natural features) 3 ' aj l ej l m. Arabic family kith and kin
used for diverse types of monetary collections ' ajld r adjective family-, having a family
' avtf m. Arabic plural of ' ajl familial, family
' avb m. Arabic plural of ' aj n 'ej n Arabic obvious, visible, clear to show,
' av m m. Arabic common people display to appear, make one's appearance
' avmfarb avmfarb m. demagogue ' ajb m. Arabic [plural: ' ajbna Arabic plural:
' avmfareb f. demagoguery 'ujb] deficiency, defect, flaw to recognize
' avml m. Arabic plural of 2, 4, 5 means one's shortcomings
of production proverb literal One's own flaw is a rivulet, that of another is a
' avam demotic, pertaining to the common people whole countryside. figurative to see a mote in the eye of another,
' av m. Arabic plural of but not a beam in one's own eye idiom to discredit
1 'aud m. Arabic return someone a to blame, impute blame b to
2 'ud m. Arabic ud, oud (a kind of stringed musical instrument) censure, judge
3 'ud m. Arabic 1 botany aloe 2 stick, staff, rod ' ajbph concealing flaws, hiding shortcomings
' audt m. Arabic 1 ' ajbpoh f. concealment of flaws, hiding of shortcomings
' aurt m. Arabic sexual organs, private parts ' ajbdzhn
' avrta f. 1 ' ajbdzh ajbdzh 1 discrediting someone; saying spiteful
' ivz m. Arabic substitution, replacement things 2 m. slanderer; hostile critic
in exchange for, instead of, in place of ' ajbgj m. slanderer; hostile critic
instead of, in place of someone to replace ' ajbgir f. captiousness
' ajbn k flawed, having a flaw, defective
508
'ajb 1 flawed, having a flaw, defective 2 trainted, imperfect ghtr m. mule

idiom He became blind. He was struck blind. ghl ghl m. 1 poppy 2 tulip 3 proper name Ghatol
' id m. Arabic religion holiday; celebration ! ghj m. 1, 2
! Have a happy holiday! Happy Eid! ghr m. Arabic 1 cave, grotto 2 burrow; den, lair 3 nest (for
' idg h m. large mosque (where celebrations are conducted); wasps) 4 anthill
place for festivities ghrt m. Arabic robbery; destruction, ravage, ruin
' id Arabic religion holiday festivity ghratgr m. marauder; bandit, robber
' isj is ghratgar f. marauding; pillage, robbery
' isijt m. ghrm m. plural heat, hot weather, sultriness
' isav 1 Christian (of chronology), A.D. Today it is very hot.
It was 1879 according to the Christian chronology. 2 ghrndna f. ghrozna f. round-head (kind of
m. Christian lizard)
' isavijt m. Arabic Christianity, Christian faith 1
ghr ghrj gluttonous, voracious, insatiable
' is m. proper name Jesus Jesus Christ 2
ghr regional knowledgeable, well-informed; knowing a
' iskhl m. plural 1 the Isakhakhejli (a branch of the matter, business well
Ahmedzai-Gilzai and other tribes) 2 m. Isakhejl (tribesman) ghrin m. pileate (capped) mushroom
' ajsh m. Arabic enjoyment of life; pleasure , ghbodzhn m. 1.1 fissure (in the skin); ulcer 1.2
merriment; the good life, life of merriment, pleasure suffering from cracking skin; ulcers (behind the ear, between the
to live the good life, live a life of pleasure fingers) 2 ulcerated, cracked, with sores (of the skin)
to enjoy life; enjoy oneself ghbodzhnedl denominative, intransitive [past:
1 'ajn m. Arabic the name of the letter ] to crack, be covered with cracks or ulcers (of the skin)
2 'ajn m. Arabic [plural: a'j n Arabic plural: ghpj f. scarf, muffler
'ujn] 1 eye 2 source, wellspring 3 essence, essential substance ghakj f. bandolier, ammunition belt
4 at the height of jn-i at the height of the battle ghgj f. necklace
5 kind (as in "payment in kind") gh having a long neck, long-necked
jn-i at the same time, simultaneously He gh a f. 1 neck to embrace someone
died at the height of his power. a to embrace (one another) b not to get along
' jnn Arabic 1 precisely, letter-for-letter 2 exactly to fall on the neck of, to go to someone in a time of
' ajnk m. regional ajnka f. usually plural emotional need, hug
ajnki glasses, spectacles Ahmeds sister fell upon his neck and burst into tears. 2 throat,
to put on glasses gullet; pharynx larynx, windpipe esophagus
1 'ajn Arabic 1 eye-, optic, visual 2 one-and-the-same, to clear one's throat to strangle
identical 3 objective philosophy objective reality 4 a to cry out at the top of one's lungs b to wheeze; lose one's
material material needs, requirements voice to grab someone by the throat; fight with
2 'ajni 2 3 someone 3 collar 4 neck (of a vessel) 5 shore, bank
' ajnij t m. Arabic plural equipment, material The road runs along the shore of the river.
' ajnijt m. Arabic 1 identity, identicalness, sameness 2.1 the other (the far) bank this (the near) bank 6
objectivity, objectiveness 2.2 objectivism edge; side (of road, etc.) go along the side 7
' ujb m. Arabic plural of song; melody a to sing b to be proud (of)
' ujn m. Arabic plural of 2 Zainab is proud of his son. a sing b play
(i.e., on the reed-pipe) ! Play a bit on the reed-pipe!
idiom ( very) proudly
haughtily to pay a debt a to pay off a debt
ghajn 1 twenty-ninth letter of the Pashto alphabet 2 number 1000 b to be content with something !
in the abjad system This book does not suffice for me; give me another!
official abbreviation title of a captain to be subordinate to someone to
ghb m. plate be obedient to someone; obey someone's orders
ghp present stem of to acknowledge something They
gh pi present tense of surrendered. They submitted. a to bow the head;
509
submit, be subordinate (to) b to sacrifice a life I 1

ghz m. Arabic 1 victor 2 religion militant (in spreading
have a cold. I have a cough. a to carry out a promise the Muslim faith), warrior for the faith, crescentader
b to be freed from an obligation a to give ghzi gas, gaseous gas mask
someone his due b to execute someone's will or testament c to ghsl m. Arabic botany saltwort (Salsola, used in place of
pay up someone's debt d to tell someone the truth soap)
I told him straight out what I thought. ghh m. 1 tooth incisors
a to lie b to give false testimony; toothache dentist
appropriate another's goods to live at the dentist's office, office where dentures are fitted
expense of another; exploit someone to and dispensed a to set the teeth on edge
refuse to submit to something; refuse to do something My teeth are on edge from cherry plums. b to tell
to carry away, annihilate all in its path (of a hurricane) someone off His teeth were falling out.
to have a cold, have a cough saying a to grate, grind the teeth b to be patient
Force breaks the straw. a Be patient for a few days; I'll get you a
to refuse someone b to be stubborn, be obstinate c to refuse (to book. c to become angry The mother got
do) something angry at her son. d to threaten someone
to take an obligation upon oneself, be obligated The child is cutting his first tooth. a to smile; grin b
to place responsibility upon, oblige someone to toady to grate the teeth, gnash the teeth a
You still owe this debt. a to to examine a tooth, examine the teeth b to determine age
consider (one's) wishes; please b to sympathize to (animal's) by examination of the teeth to extract a tooth
force (i.e., one's opinions) upon someone It to bite to speak through
is his responsibility. to be very the teeth proverb literal When there
beautiful a to load someone down, put all the were teeth, there were no peas. figurative Wealth came too late. 2
work on someone b to give someone responsibility cog, tooth (of a gearwheel) 3 blade idiom to
to burden someone; be a burden to someone to cheat, pull the wool over someone's eyes to assuage
be freed from responsibility hunger Eastern It hardly sufficed for a
ghaggh
m. 1 special melody played on the reed-pipe 2 snack. to skimp, stint to
singing (of people, nightingales) become stingy, become miserly, become niggardly
ghaghaj f. ghaghdzh f. a to have a grudge against someone b
ghaaghaj f. embraces to embrace to hanker after something to be
to embrace one another a to embrace (one another) suprised at something; be astounded by something
b to be combined, be linked ghhburnn obvious, clear
Music and poetry are closely linked. ghhtubnaj m. toothpick
ghagaj m. peasant having a joint property boundry with ghhchichk pebbly, with pebbles (of rice, etc.);
someone contaminated with stones
gh a vnkaj obedient, pliant ghahchichn 1 angry; wrathful 2
gh i Eastern plural of ghhchichna f. ghhchichj m. 1 to grind
ght m. deception, shrewd dealing to the teeth 2 censure ! Tell him off!
deceive, cheat someone ghahskj m. food sticking between the teeth
gh i-gh i 1 brim full, full to the top 2 highwater ghhk ghh toothy
The Gilmend again reached flood-level. 3 ghhmhnaj m. toothbrush
embracing ghhvatlaj having loose teeth, with teeth that are falling
1
ghz m. [plural: ghzna Arabic plural: out
ghz t] gas anti-gas asphyxiating ghhavr ghkhr 1 m. .1 rake compound
gases gas exchange verb to rake, smooth with a rake to
2 ghz m. history copper coin, bronze coin; half pice smooth out soil with a rake 1.2 pitchfork 2.1 toothed; toothy;
3 ghz m. viscosity, elasticity (of dough) serrated 2.2 big-toothed, having prominent teeth
ghz darlodnkaj containing gas; full of gas ghhvra f. regional pitchfork
ghzsz f. production of gas ghahvla f. weeping willow
ghz f. 1 rouge 2 high color, flush, blush ghhvlj f. root of a tooth
510
ghhavnkaj m. Eastern toothpick 1

ghvr Arabic 1 secret, concealed, interior 2 intimate 3
1 gh haj m. 1 crest (of mountain) 2 mountain pass circumspect
2 ghhj f. 2 ghvr
ghhz linguistics dental 1 ghvrsaj m. 1 assistant, helper 2 defender, protector
ghsib m. Arabic [plural: ghsibn] invader, 2 ghvras f. 1 help, assistance 2 protection
usurper; aggressor ghvra proud
ghsibn aggressive; violent They value their reputations highly.
ghfl Arabic 1 careless, negligent, remiss; absentminded 2 ghvn k noisy, riotous, turbulent
ignorant, uninformed I did not know about that. ghvavl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to be
ghfilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to riotous, noisy, or turbulent 2 to make to cry out
cause to become careless or negligent 2 to indulge, show ghvj m. plaintiff; person seeking justice
indulgence (to) ghvedl intransitive [past: ]1 to make a
ghfiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be disturbance, raise a din 2 to cry out
ignorant, be uninformed 2 to be ignorant (of) 3 to be careless; be ghj t m. Arabic plural of
negligent; be absentminded ghb ghjb Arabic 1.1 absent, missing 1.2 hidden,
1
ghlb Arabic 1.1 conquering, overcoming; victorious 1.2 concealed 1.3 vanishing, disappearing 2 m. grammar third
prevailing 1.3 more probable ... person
in all probability, extremely probable ghjibn 1 correspondence (relating to a friendship)
2 m. victor an epistolary (long-distance friendship) 2 by
2 ghlb m. correspondence
ghlbn in all probability; extremely probable ... ghjibdn f. premonition
It is most likely that ghjibg m. prophet; prognosticator
ghlibn victoriously ghjibguj f. prophesy; prognostication
ghlbuzk m. botany marsh mallow ghjibv laj m. 1 absence 2 disappearance 3 invisibility
ghlbza f. bumblebee; wasp bee, honeybee ghjibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
ghlbzaj m. kind of herringbone embroidery disappear, get lost to disappear from view,
ghlbl m. fade from sight
ghlibedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to 1 ghjt m.
conquer, surmount; overcome 2 ghjt m.
ghlmaghl m. row, disturbance to create a ghjat-al-ghjt m. Arabic most important task, very
row, make a din important goal
ghlvsha f. small milk pail ght m. Arabic feces, defecation, excrement to
ghlghl ghlvghl m. defecate
1 ghlj f. carpet to weave a carpet ghit feces, stools, execrement
carpet weaving ghjlme f. stye (on the eye)
2
ghl f. 1 cheating (at cards, etc.) to cheat (at ghil f. Arabic 1 calamity 2 clash, conflict
cards, dice, etc.) 2 deceit ghjav 1 final; utmost 2 special-purpose
3 ghl ghledzhn 1 deceitful 2 knavish, dishonest ghj f. Arabic [plural: ghj m. Arabic plural:
ghlich f. ghlichj f. ghaljgj f. rug gj t] 1 goal, task with this goal 2 limit,
ghaljvl m. rug merchant boundary, end
ghmz Arabic dark, unclear, incomprehensible, enigmatic 1 gh Arabic final, last, ultimate
ghndna f. 2 ghj f. plural of
1 ghnd unpleasant; repulsive ghub r m. Arabic 1 dust; puffs of dust 2 fog; steam
2 ghnd imperfect of 2 ghubrlud ghubr 1 covered with dust, dusty; dull
ghn 1 cowardly; base 2 crawling on the knees, demeaning 2 foggy
oneself ghb ndaj m. anatomy gland
ghv m. 1 disturbance; mutiny; riots to be in a ghbarg 1 double; twofold, duplex double (weight)
disturbed state; rebel, mutiny 2 disturbance, din 3 call for help plaid 2 pair in pairs, two by two 3 repeated,
ghvch m. 1 gatekeeper 2 porter
511
recurring linguistics reduplication idiom distinguished (men) 1.4 important, serious an important
both daughters willingly, with all my heart question important reason, serious reason 1.5 great (of
ghbrgak m. computer science double click powers) 1.6 loud (of a voice) loudly 2 m. great man;
ghbargln m. fold, pleat (in a garment) distinguished person; prominent figure; grandee idiom
ghbargv laj m. 1 duplication 2 state of being a maize a toward evening b beginning of evening
pair
to stare; look boldy a to speak loudly b to brag,
boast
ghbargavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
double 2 to pair idiom a to contradict,
2 ghu to speak in plain terms 2
object b to repeat; duplicate
1 ghab z m. large hawk, chicken hawk
ghbargolj m. 1 twin 2 [plural: ghbargol] twins 2 ghab z m. boaster, braggart

ghabz f. boasting, bragging to boast, brag
ghbargn m. 1 answer; rejoinder 2 folding (of clothing) 3 ghap 1 very big, huge 2 1
pleat, fold; layer
ghatb m. ghatj f. 1 size 2 greatness 3 distinction
ghbargavna f. 1 doubling 2 pairing gharkaj m. gharaj m. ball, lump, clod
ghbargni m. plural dialect 2 ghagh loudly a to speak loudly b to boast,
brag
ghbrga 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 woman who
has borne twins to bear twins 2.2 narrow gully 2.3
ghmshr ghmshr m. 1 chief, head 2 military
commander-in-chief
handful to distribute by handfuls
ghbargedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 ghansaj potbellied, big-bellied
to be doubled, be folded in two 2 to be formed into two files or
1 ghu m. Adam's apple
columns ! Form fours! (as a command) 3 to be turned
2 gho oblique plural 1
toward us, this way, etc. 4 to return He returned. 5 to
ghav la f. ghav laj m. 1 size, dimension 2
thickness 3 fullness, burliness; corpulence 4 greatness
accompany, travel with
ghbargedna f. ghbarged m. plural 1 doubling;
ghaokj affectionate 1
folding in two 2 forming up in two columns, ranks, or files 3
ghaavl transitive 1 denominative [past: ] .1 to
increase; enlarge 1.2 to thicken 1.3 to cause to become fat,
turning toward us, this way, etc. 4 return 5 accompaniment,
corpulent, or burly 2 [past: ] .1 to present; reward
traveling together 6 repetition
ghibt f. Arabic envy (with) Father presented the book to me. 2.2
to extoll
ghabghb m. 1 double chin 2 dewlap
ghabn m. Arabic deceit, cheating, swindle to
ghala ungainly, clumsily built; disproportionate
engage in cheating or swindling
ghaavna f. 1 increase; enlargement 2 thickening
ghab Arabic 1 weak-witted; dull-witted; slow (mentally); dull
gha f. dune, barkan
(of intellect) 2 forgetful, absentminded
gha ghnda f. eyeball
ghap m. ghap f. bark (of a dog) gha kulm f. large intestine
ghap ndaj 1 ghaj m. lump, ball, clod in clods, in lumps
ghapl transitive [present: past: ] to bark (like a to crumple, ball up
dog) proverb literal The dog barks when
2 ghuj f. 1 regional to
ooze (of blood)
the caravan passes. figurative That's a lot of hot air.
proverb A barking dog never bites. ghujlj 1 possessing a large craw or crop 2 having a
dewlap
ghapnd ghapndkaj barking, yelping (dog)
ghapavl transitive [past: ] to tease (a dog) ghi dn f. plural wasp anti-
waspbite vaccine
ghup f. 2
ghaph r m. bark (of a dog) ghaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
increased; get large 2 to become fat 3 to be fat, be plump, be
ghapedl intransitive [past: past: ]to begin to
burly; to be corpulent; grow fat, grow plump
bark, yap, or yelp
ghaped m. plural bark, yapping, yelping ghaedna f. ghaed m. plural 1 growth, increase;
augmentation 2 thickening
1 gha 1.1 big, large big apples with large
strides 1.2 fat, stout, burly, corpulent 1.3 outstanding,
ghdzhra f. Melia azadirachta (kind of tree)
ghadzhar f. ghadzharj horsecloth
512
ghadzhka f. ghidzhak (a kind of violin) 1

ghar m. [plural: ghrna plural: ghr] 1 mountain
ghadzhkavl m. ghidzhak player Spinghar, Safedkokh mountain Afghans
ghudzhl f. Muflon (kind of wild sheep) a foot of a mountain b
1 ghch ghach m. 1 anger, spite to experience anger 2 slope of a mountain to cross a mountain
vengeance; reprisal to take vengeance on to climb a mountain, ascend to the summit of a mountain 2 pile,
2 ghch imitative word for the cry or chirp of a bird to heap (of stones, grain, etc.) 3 giant, titan (of science, etc.)
cry, chirp (of birds) a great scientist idiom
ghichka ghachka f. Depend upon me as though upon a stone wall.
ghachavl transitive [past: ] to squeak, crunch (of 2
ghur m. goiter
shears, etc.) 3
ghr m. 1 noise (of transportation) 2 crash (of a collapsing
ghcha 1 ghchi dialect 1 particle which modifies or wall) 3 snarling (of a dog)
softens the force of an imperative ! Go away now! Oh 1
gharr Arabic brilliant (of speech, etc.)
go away! 2 interjection oh, ah 2
ghar f. thunder, crash; rumble to thunder, crash;
2
ghch f. [plural: ghchj plural: ghchij ni] hoot, honk
plural scissors, shears gharbt m. Arabic oddity, eccentricity to be
ghadzrkaj m. newborn kid very odd There is nothing
ghadzavl transitive surprising or odd about this.
ghadzawlshawy simajz dzh l m. computer gharr f. 1 bag (for transporting loads on a donkey) 2 rags,
science extended LAN (Local Area Network) tatters
ghadzavnki m. ghadzavni f. plural gharm t m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 reparations

ghadzedl intransitive gharmt m. Arabic [plural: gharm t] 1 monetary
fine 2 compensation for damages
1 ghts m. dialect 1 revenge 2 anger, spite 3 obstinacy
2 ghuts dialect 2 ghrn m. Western 2
ghutskj m. ghr na f. flame accompanied by smoke
ghutsavl transitive dialect ghrnt m. plural granite
ghutsedl intransitive dialect gharv m. 1 childish, infantile babbling 2 windbag
ghadd r Arabic 1 treacherous, perfidious, traitorous 2 m. gharb m. Arabic plural gharjb m. plural 1 of
traitor, betrayer
1 2 wonders, unusual things
ghudd m. Arabic plural of gharz m. Arabic plural of
ghdr ghdr m. Arabic 1 treachery, treason, perfidy 2
1 gharb m. Arabic west northwest
rebellion, mutiny 3 uprising
southwest
ghadka f. jacket (of cloth) 2 ghrab m. 1 drumbeat 2 crash (of something falling)
ghadj m. bandit, brigand, highway robber 1 ghurab m. Arabic plural of 2
ghudd f. Arabic [plural: ghudd m. Arabic plural:
2 ghrab f.
ghudd] gland
ghrbn Arabic to the west from west to east
ghadj f. Arabic 1 daylight robbery, banditry, brigandage ghrabv imperfect of
to rob to rob, engage in banditry, engage in gharbuj m. bulldozer
brigandage 2 regional raid
ghrabavl transitive [past: ] 1 to beat (a drum) 2
to thunder, crash
ghadr m. Arabic lake
ghiz f. Arabic [plural: ghizg ni Arabic plural:
ghrabh r m. 1 continuous drumbeats 2 rumble (of traffic,
etc.)
aghzij] food, victuals, nutriment high-calorie diet
to prepare food idiom spiritual 1 ghrbj m. buckle, clasp (of a strap, etc.)
nourishment
2 ghrabj m.
ghiz Arabic adjective food-; nourishment- 3 gharb Arabic 1 western northwestern
nutritiousness food, nourishment, provender
southwestern 2 m. European (person)
appetite, desire to eat ghrabedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to clatter, rattle,
beat (drum) 2 to rumble, rattle (of traffic, etc.)
ghizijt m. nutritiousness
gharb m. hubbub, din, rumble
gharbn m. carbine
513
ghrpr m. 1 noise, racket, din; disorder 2 stomach-rumbling gharaz egotistical, self-serving

ghrprt m. idle talk gharghch m. butting to butt
gurpsh m. ghurghr ghrghr m. grumbling; muttering to
ghrtk grtn boastful, bragging grumble; mutter
ghrta f. back, back part of something ghrghrnk m. rattle (toy)
ghrti f. plural to speak nonsense, talk rubbish gharghark m. pulley, block
! Don't talk rubbish! ghargh m. 1 suffering 2 need, want, distress
ghrj m. piece, lump (of sugar, etc.); ball, lump; bundle, ball a to suffer b to be in need, distress
ghrchj m. 1 grating (of teeth) 2 crash (of collapsing 1 ghargha f. 1 pulley, block 2 rinsing, garble (of the
timbers, beams) to crack mouth) 3 roar, bellow (of a camel) 4 cry, wail a to
ghurchedl ghrchedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to raise something by a block and tackle b to rinse, gargle c to
bellow (of a buffalo); bleat (of a goat) 2 to crack (of collapsing bellow (of a camel) d to cry out, bawl
timbers) 2 ghargha f. descent, going down (of the sun)
ghartsap f. 1 flow from the mountains 2 large wave The sun has gone down.
ghartsn mountain; mountainous ghrghaj f. wheeze, wheezing sound
ghartsanj 1 mountain (in names of animals) ghrghht m. 1 game, fun, amusement 2 outdoor party
monal, Himalayan pheasant 2 m. 1 for women with games (in a meadow) 3 history Ismail
gharts 1 m. .1 wild goat 1.2 savage, uneducated person, (nickname, the second son of Kais Abdurrashid, the eponymous
crude person 1.3 proper name Ghartsa 2 1 founder of one of the four tribes of the Afghans)
ghraz m. 2 1
gharghuht m. plural Gargushti (name of one of the
ghurzng m. dialect four principal tribes of the Afghans)
1 gharzavl transitive [past: ] to beat, batter, 2 gharghhtj m. kind of plum
strike, pound gharghr m. 1 noise, din 2 wailing, outcry (from fright)
2 ghurzavl transitive gharghechk m. botany cotoneaster
1 ghrzj m. 1 snarling (of a dog) 2 crack (of a rifle); boom ghurf f. Arabic 1 pavilion (at an exhibition) 2 booth 3
or roar of cannons chamber, hall
2
gharzj m. 1 indigenous mountain man; mountaineer, ghar Arabic 1 m. immersion (in liquid); sinking, submerging
mountain dweller 2 proper name Gharzai 2 predicative .1 immersed (in liquid); sunken, submerged 2.2
ghrazedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be beaten; be
1
sleeping soundly He slept soundly. 2.3 fascinated by
worn down 2 to rumble, clatter, roar (of traffic) something, immersed in something I fell to
2 ghurzedl intransitive dreaming.
1 ghrazed m. plural 1 beating 2 rumbling, rumble (of ghar b m. whirlpool, abyss, maelstrom, chasm
traffic, etc.) gharavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ghurzed m. plural
2
immerse (in liquid); sink, submerge 2 to plunge into deep sleep 3
ghrg l transitive [past: ] to snarl (of a dog) to destroy
ghgj m. snarling (of a dog) gharedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
ghars m. Arabic 1 planting (of vegetation) 2 seedling immersed (in liquid); be sunken, be submerged 2 to fall fast
to plant (vegetation) to be planted (of vegetation) asleep 3 to perish, be lost
gharshn m. 1 plural Garshini (tribe) 2 Garshini gharkn m. kind of green vegetable (greens)
(tribesman) 3 mountaineer, mountain dweller 1 ghrkj m. bellow (of a buffalo)
gharz m. Arabic [plural: gharazna Arabic plural: 2 ghrkj m. Russula foetens (a kind of mushroom)
aghr z] 1 goal, intent with the goal (of) ghargj m. hillock
This is what I mean by this. gharmach m. spring promenade among the flowers in the
personal goals, self-serving goals meadow
literal In each of his greetings, one hundred goals are hidden. gharmakj f. time just before noon
figurative He is always thinking of his own personal interests. 2 gharmanj adjective noon-, noonday- light
ulterior motive, secret intention 3 malevolence afternoon snack
in brief, in a word
gharazmn
514
gharm f. noon precisely at noon; at the hottest part man 2.2 poor fellow, poor guy 2.3 alien; foreigner 2.4 regional
of the day twelve o'clock, noon afternoon quiet man, mild man
snack, lunch at noon, in the second half of the day gharibn poor, poverty-stricken impoverished
gharmakj f. circumstances
ghrnd ghrndz talking nonsense, engage in idle talk gharib ni f. plural of 2
1 ghrnda f. chin gharibplna f.
2 ghrnda f. 1 misfortune, calamity; hopeless situation gharibparvr gharibparvra concerned about
Calamity struck me. Ahmed the poor
fell into misfortune. 2 thunder idiom to force, gharibparvar f. concern for the poor
coerce, compel, constrain gharibkhn m. my home, the home of your humble
1 ghrndaj m. trachea servant
2 ghrndi plural of 2 gharibk r m. peasant going off to seasonal work and other
ghrang m. clang, clatter (resulting from the fall of a metallic odd jobs
object) gharibkr f. day laborer, seasonal and odd-job work (in
gharanj mountain, mountainous various types of work which peasants usually do)
gharv l m. mountaineer, mountain dweller gharibgaj m. poor fellow, poor guy
ghurb m. Arabic sunset, setting of the sun 1 gharib f. Arabic [plural: gharib plural:
The sun approached its setting. in the west; gharb] marvel, rarity
toward the west 2 gharba 1 f. singular of 2 1 2 f. of 2 2
ghurr m. Arabic pride, arrogance; conceit, haughtiness idiom gharib f. 1 foreign land 2 toil; hired labor to
politics chauvinism strive, toil What are you doing? What are you busy
ghra f. ghraj m. 1 medicine swelling (of tonsils) with? 3 4 poverty, want, need
swollen (tonsils) 2 suppressed anger, rage to be needy, be impoverished
to nurture anger in one's heart to live very poorly; drag out a miserable existence 5 martial song
gharusm gharosm m. gharusma f. mountains and (kind of poetic composition)
valleys gharechj adjective 1 mountain 2 m. mountaineer,
ghravl transitive [past: ] 1.1 to make to roar (an mountain dweller
animal) 1.2 to cause a rumble or rumbling; cause banging 1.3 to ghredl intransitive [past: past: ]1 to talk
cause to chatter or talk 2 [past: ] to roar, bellow; snarl rubbish, talk nonsense 2 to roll, peal (thunder)
ghrumb m. proverb Much noise, little sense. 3 to bang, crash
ghrvaj m. palm (of the hand) ghred m. plural 1 idle chatter, nonsense, rubbish 2
gharvhta f. botany rush, Juncus thunder, rumbling, banging
1 ghurr Arabic first day of the lunar month ghariz f. Arabic [plural: ghariz m. Arabic plural:
2 ghurr Arabic indeclinable proud; haughty; arrogant gharz] 1 attraction (to), bent (for) 2 instinct
3 ghra f. hinder parts, buttocks 1 ghariz instinctive; natural, innate
4 gr 1 oblique singular of 1 2 plural of 1 2 ghariz plural of
ghrh r m. 1 rumbling, crashing the crashing of 1 ghrev m. 1 regret 2 outcry, groaning, weeping 1
weapon-fire 2 hum, roar (of an aircraft) 3 idle talk 2 gharv m. roar (e.g., of a tiger, a lion)
gr larnkaj mountainous mountainous ghri-vri pitted, pocked, pot-holed
terrain, mountainous landscape ghrevzhn
ghrv l m. ghrevn k 1 disturbed, distressed 2 weeping
1 ghurj m. 1 goiter 2 person with large goiter gh m. spitting, expectoration to spit blood
2 ghrj f. rash ghi spaj m. platform in a tent or pavilion where dishes and
gharjsj m. dialect utensils are stored
1 ghreb m. sobbing idiom to be in 1 gh skaj m. main beam (of a house)
despair 2 ghu skaj m.
2
gharb ghrb Arabic 1.1 poor; unhappy, unfortunate, ghu sha f. loop, buttonhole (in clothing)
wretched poverty 1.2 strange, unusual; remarkable 2 ghnd long-necked
m. [plural: gharib n Arabic plural: gurab ] .1 poor
515
ghaang having an unpleasant voice; having a nasty sound, ghambedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to resound;
sharp hoot, honk 2 to shout, cry out (in rage)
ghangavr ghn
1 gha nga f. 1 weeping; outcry; groaning 2 noisy uproar 3 ghuumbedl intransitive [past: ] to peal, crash (of
roar, bellow (of a camel) a to weep; cry out; groan b thunder)
to create a noisy uproar c to roar, bellow (of a camel) ghndzhah r m. snarling, growling (of a dog)
2 gh nga f. long-necked (domestic) animal gnd 1 fading, withering
1 ghang 1 2 The bushes and flowers which had faded have turned green
2 ghangj f. long-necked pitcher again 2 dull, sluggish 3 depressed, downcast, dispirited
ghab m. pomp, splendor a to be conducive to fading b to make sluggish c to hold back,
ghabodzhn dialect to scorn, despise to make
retard idiom
ghap m. allowance
ghap m. angry cry ghndtb m. ghndtj f. 1 fading 2 dullness;
ghapl transitive sluggishness
ghapavl transitive [past: ] to gulp down, swallow; ghndavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
drink in gulps to drink water in gulps cause fading 2 to cause to be dull or sluggish 3 to retard, hold
ghapedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to splash (of water) back
2 ghnd 1 revolving 2 shaking; rocking 3 rolling 4 located
ght m. sound emitted in swallowing to the side
ghch m. swallowing, gulping down, engulfing, ingesting ghaandj m. person with an evil eye
(food) ghndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
ghchavl transitive [past: ] to swallow, gulp
1
fade 2 to be sluggish, be lazy
down, ingest (food) ghnded m. plural
2
ghchavl transitive [past: ] to clatter, clash, ghng m. twisting, rolling (up)
rattle (firearms) ghanga f. 1
ghchj m. ghangj f. dewlap (of a sheep, goat)
ghchedl intransitive [past: ] to be consumed, be ghna f.
ingested (food) ghavndj m. collar
1 ghtskj m. peals, claps of thunder ghska f. 1 thick smoke 2 rain cloud
2 ghtskj m. 1 splinter, chip 2 mote, speck of dust ghvashtj mountain almond, wild almond
3 ghutskaj m. regional cloud ghake f. small oil-press
ghadj braided, plaited ghaavl transitive [past: ] 1 to roll (the eyes) 2 to
ghaz m. noise of a falling object; crash; rumble open (the eyes) to open the eyes 3 dialect to roll,
ghz m. ghrzah r m. noise made by a falling object slide along 4 to breathe weakly
ghaspj m. ghum m. ghum m. 1 roar (e.g., of a tiger, lion)
ghagh m. to roar 2 rattle, clash, rumble (of firearms) 3 peals (of
ghagha f. 1 thunder) 4 splash (of a falling stone in water)
1 ghk m. 1 envy 2 spite ghumbl transitive [past: ] 1 to eat, chew up
2 ghak m. gharka f. butter churn to churn food making smacking, munching noises 2 to roar angrily (of a
butter tiger, a lion)
ghal transitive; defective [present: past: ] to ghumbna f. roar (of a tiger, lion)
turn, revolve 1 ghumbavl transitive [past: ] to make roar (a
gham m. ghamb m. tiger, lion)
ghumbrj noise, din the roar (motor ghumbh r m.
noise) of an aircraft ghumbj m. 1 whirlpool 2
ghamb f. splashing of water to splash with water ghumbedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to roar (of a
ghambavl transitive tiger, lion) 2 to keep rattling, roaring (etc., of gunfire) 3 to keep
ghmbj m. rumble, rattle (of gun, cannon fire, etc.); pealing (of thunder)
rumbling, roar ghumbedna f. ghumbed m. plural
516
1
ghaandj m. 1 animal collar 2 sukun (name of the supra- ghaznichj adjective Gazni Gazni sheepskin
linear symbol) coat
2 ghndaj m. neck (of a bottle) ghazavl transitive [past: ] 1 to lay out, stretch out,
ghaavna f. 1 opening (the eyes) 2 rolling (the eyes) lay, put down (a communications line, etc.) 2 to awaken (some
ghaavnaj m. slops feeling, etc.) idiom to get down to work
1 ghaj m. 1 member (of an organization, society); ghazavna f. ghazavne f.
1 laying down, stretching (a
representative; deputy permanent member, line of communications, etc.) 2 Eastern stretching (upon
active member (of an academy) wakening) 3 awaking (a feeling, etc.) a to
corresponding member 2 anatomy member, organ 3 extremity 4 stretch (upon waking up) b to awaken (feelings, etc.)
calf (of the leg) 5 bread baked in layers (esp. by Ismailities) 6 ghzaj m. stilt, Himantopus himantopus (the bird)
gap in sowing, gap in plowing idiom ghazedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to extend, stretch 2 to
to rejoice Are you stretch out (on the bed)
going with me? Yes, indeed. to be thunderstruck, be ghazedna f. lying down, stretching out
rooted to the spot (from fear) ghizhd f. tent, marquee, pavilion
2
ghaj f. 1 collar 2 neck (of a pitcher, etc.) 3 neck (of an ghizhka f. music
ostrich, camel, etc.) ghazhghvajj m. ghazhg v m. yak
ghaj ka f. ghag m. Eastern 1 voice, sound to lower the voice 2
ghri m. betrayal, deceit; cheating cry, shout to make noise, shout, raise an alarm
gharedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to whirl, turn, revolve to not utter a sound or a word to declare a man to
2 to move, stir 3 to open up (the eyes) 4 to weaken, grow weak be one's fianc before witnesses (custom in entering into a
ghek m. 1 loop, buttonhole (on clothing) 2 tab (of sandals) marriage without the consent of the family)
3 handle (of a scythe) ghagpoh nd m. phoneticist
ghikavr having a dewlap (of sheep) ghag k m. voice mail
1 ghaz m. tamarisk tree, Tamarix indica ghagkr m. computer science sound card
2 ghuz m. Western [plural: ghuz n Eastern plural: ghaglojavnkaj 1 intensifying sound 2 m. loudspeaker

ghuzna] walnut hazelnut tree
ghagm r noisy, loud
1 ghaz f. Arabic religion ghazawat, holy war, war for the faith ghagav
l transitive [past: ] 1 to make to sound,
2 ghz ! It doesn't matter! pronounce to ring out, resound to
ghuz r sing 2 to play (an instrument) to play the reed-pipe
ghuzravl denominative, transitive ghaged f. 1 sounding 2 singing 3 play, playing (a musical

ghuzredl denominative, intransitive instrument)
ghiz l m. 1 young gazelle 2 tender creature, graceful creature ghaged l intransitive [past: ] 1 to be heard
ghuzakarkj m. regional dung beetle singing, songs are heard 2 to speak, converse
ghazl m. Arabic literature ghazal, ode, love poem, lyric poem to speak on the telephone 3 to ring out (of bells)
rubai, quatrain one ghazal of a collection 2 ghaged
m. plural 1 sounding; phonation, sounds 2 talk,
song
conversation 3 ringing (of a bell)
ghazalch m. ghazalkh n m. singer who composes
ghagiz
adjective 1 vowel vowels, vowel sounds,
ghazals; singer
phonemes vowel phoneme 2 sound sound
ghazalsar f. ghazal-singing a to compose
waves
a ghazal b to sing a song
ghagig dzhl m. computer science voice network
ghazlanj m. tamarisk fruit
ghazln m. plural small tamarisk twigs (used for kindling) ghus dialect 2 1
ghazla f. ghsl m. ghsl Arabic 1 ablution 2 bathing
ghaznav 1 adjective Gaznevid (i.e., pertaining to the ghuslkhn f. bathroom
Gaznevid Dynasty) 2 m. history Gaznevids (the Gaznevid 1 ghasl m.
Dynasty) Mahmoud Gaznevi 2 ghusavl transitive
ghazn m. ghaznj 1 Gazni (city) 2 Gazni District 1 ghsa f. 1 badger 2 honey bear
Gazni Province 2 ghus f.
ghusan k
517
ghish f. Arabic 1 covering; cover 2 biology membrane; ghuzufd r ghuzf larkaj

membranous tissue ghuzuf 1 cartilaginous 2 gristly
ghushj m. plural ghazanfr m. Arabic 1 lion 2 proper name Ganzanfar
ghish biology membranous ghaff r Arabic 1 All-Forgiving (epithet of God) 2 m. proper
ghshk m. ghshla f. 1 disturbance 2 disorder, name Gafar
alarm ghufr n m. Arabic religion total forgiveness, remission of
ghshv m. currycomb (for horses) sins
ghshaj m. 1 arrow to shoot a bow, shoot an ghaflt m. Arabic 1 inattention, carelessness, neglect;
arrow from a bow 2 plow beam 3 needle (of a porcupine) idiom unconcern; neglectfulness 2 sluggishness, stagnation
to encounter a disaster, experience calamity ghafr Arabic 1 All-Forgiving (epithet of God) 2 m. proper
to be very distressed name Ghafur
When father died all the savor went out of life. ghk m. ghk f. bleating (of a goat)
ghht m. 1 ghakl transitive [present: past: ] to bleat (of a
1 ghhtl transitive [present: past: ] 1 to roll, goat)
twist 2 to wrap up 3 to wind, revolve 4 to roll, swaddle, plait ghkavl transitive [past: ] to cause to bleat (of a
ghuhtl transitive
2
goat)
ghhtltb m. ghhtltj f. ghkedl intransitive [past: ]to bleat (of a goat)
ghhtlv la f. ghhtlv laj m. 1 strength, power 2 ghekedna f. bleating (of a goat)
influence 3 nutritiousness (of food) ghag m. Eastern
1
ghhtlaj 1 strong, powerful, mighty; forceful 2 ghagedl intransitive Eastern
overpowering; surmounting; overcoming; getting over, 1 gal m. [plural: ghl] thief, robber, bandit, marauder
overwhelming (i.e., fear, depression) 3 quick, efficient, smart You have robbed me. a to be a thief b to do
a to cause to be strong, cause to be vigorous; someone a bad turn I erred several times.
strengthen, reinforce b to cause to be quick, cause to be efficient proverb You are only a thief if you get caught.
a to be strong, be vigorous; be strengthened, be ghl proverb literal Even in the
augmented b to be quick, be efficient c to master, overcome mountains a thief cannot hide. figurative Murder will out.
2 ghhtlaj past participle of 1 2
ghul m. plural dialect 1
ghhtna f. 1 rolling, turning, twisting 2 wrapping 3 3
ghul m.
turning, revolving 4 rolling up, swaddling, plaiting 4
ghil m. Arabic 1 envy 2 meanness, baseness
cord, twine ghl f. [plural: ghl vi plural: ghlg ni] 1 theft,
2 ghuhtna f. robbery; banditry, brigandage This is regular
1 ghhta f. small braids on the brow (of a female) robbery. stolen goods, pilfered goods
2 ghht imperfect of 1 kleptomania a to commit theft, commit robbery b
ghhtaj 1 strong, vigorous 2 twisted, plaited compound verb to rob, steal something a to occur (of a
ghasb m. Arabic 1 seizure, appropriation, usurpation 2 theft) b compound verb to be stolen
confiscation a to seize, appropriate b to confiscate proverb Eastern literal They stationed a guard after the
ghasbavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to theft. figurative to lock the barn door after the horse has been
seize, appropriate, usurp 2 to confiscate stolen to be stolen, be swiped to swipe, pinch
ghuss f. Arabic 1 grief, affliction He was 2 something secret, something done in secret by theft
distressed. He was upset. 2 anger, rage regional in secret from someone idiom
I contained my rage. compound verb a to be upset, be to avoid difficulties, circumvent obstacles
distressed b You'll not be upset? b to fall into a ghall t m. Arabic plural of 1
rage, become irate ghilzt m. Arabic 1 dirt 2 thickness, density 3 rudeness,
ghussan k 1 grieved, upset 2 angry, enraged sharpness (of manner, speech)
ghazb m. Arabic rage; irritation irately, with ghlghundk m.
anger to fall into a rage ghil f m. Arabic 1 sheath; case; cover bayonet
ghazabn k incensed; angry, irritated case, bayonet sheath machine-gun cover 2
ghuzrf m. Arabic cartilage, gristle envelope, jacket
ghlgarkj m. regional robber, thief
518
ghul m m. Arabic [plural: ghulm n Arabic plural: faulty, defective misprint, typographical error
ghilm n] 1 slave, serf 2 servant 3 epistolary your to be mistaken This is untrue. This is
obedient servant 4 proper name Gulam incorrect. to take the wrong road
ghulmn 1 slave-like slave-psychology 2 ghalatfam f. 1 error, mistake 2 misunderstanding
servile, slavish ghalatv laj m. erroneousness, incorrectness
ghulmbach m. page (i.e., kind of servant in former times) ghalatavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
ghulmavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to confuse, mix up The doctor made an
enslave someone incorrect diagnosis. This
ghulm f. slavery, servile state man, unless I am in error, is Ahmeds brother. to go
ghulndzavr mammals wrong, stray from the path 2 to deceive, lead into error 3 to
ghul ndza f. ghul nza f. distract to be distracted
1 ghl uza f. wasp, bee ghalta 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. error, mistake
2 ghl vza f. cow yielding little milk mistakenly
ghalbal f. shouts, outcries; rumpus, uproar to shout, 1 ghalat f. mistake, error misprint,
cry out; make a din, create a disturbance, cause an uproar typographical error a gross error idiom
ghulbangj f. toilet, latrine I made a blunder.
ghalab f. Arabic victory to conquer, attain 2 ghalti feminine plural of 2
victory over someone; prevail over someone; overcome someone ghalatj f. mistake
to gain a victory to win ghalatedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
a volleyball match make a mistake; go astray, err 2 to miscount, miscalculate 3 to
ghalbl m. sieve, strainer; sifter be confused I strayed from the path. I fell into
error.
proverb Eastern literal The sieve stands up and speaks to the ghalatedna f. ghalated m. plural 1 commission
pitcher: "You have two holes." figurative The pot calling the of an error; error 2 miscalculation, miscount 3 illusion (optical,
kettle black. full of holes to make a etc.)
hole in, pierce to be full of holes, become full of ghalghadj m. robber, bandit
holes ghalghhj m. superfluous tooth
ghalbelvl m. seller of sieves and strainers ghulghl m. ghulghul f. ghalghl m. noise,
ghalbelavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to uproar; disturbance to raise a ruckus; instigate a riot
strain 2 to put through a sieve or strainer, use a sifter ghalgj m. petty thief
to waste one's time on something useless, to pound water in a ghilm n m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 religion youths in
mortar paradise
ghult m. regional deceit, cheating (esp. in gambling) ghalmj m. cockspur (a plant used for soap), Echinochloa,
ghaltb m. thievery, robbery, brigandage Anabasis multiflora
ghildzh 1 m. plural Gilzai (group of tribes) 2 ghildzhj m. ghalmna f. wheaten bread
Gilzai (tribesman) 1 ghalanj 1 shirking work, goldbricking 2 thievish (of an
ghalchk m. petty thief animal)
ghalchakj 1 m. petty thief 2.1 examining stealthily, 2 ghalanj f. waterfowl, aquatic bird
scrutinizing furtively 2.2 accomplished by stealth 1 ghulv m. Arabic 1 excess, extreme to be extreme
to spy upon 2 immoderation
ghalch m. galcha, dweller in the Pair the Pair 2 ghl ghl oblique plural of 1
languages 3 ghall oblique plural of 1
ghulkhr m. regional vulgar liar ghlvdza f. ghldza bee
ghlz m. plural glzij n m. plural Gilzai, members ghulavl transitive
of the Gilzai tribe 1 ghal f. ghall Arabic [plural: ghal plural: ghall m.
ghlshk f. hulled wheat plural: ghaladzh t plural: ghalladzh t Arabic plural:
ghalt Arabic 1 m. [plural: ghalatna Arabic plural: ghal t plural: ghall t] 1 whole-grain bread, grain 2 food,
aghl t] error, mistake If I am not comestibles
mistaken. 2 attributive, predicative erroneous, mistaken, untrue, 2
ghla f. petty thief
519
3
ghul f. log, billet ghala f. ghalla regional economics rent-in-kind
4
ghl plural of 1
gham m. ghamm Arabic 1 grief, sadness, melancholy; sorrow;
5
ghla dialect pal, buddy (informal form of address) misfortunes yearning for someone, missing
6
ghl ghla separable parts of the verbs and in somebody He always sympathized with
the past tense us in our misfortune. Eastern I grieved deeply.
ghalab b ghallab b whole-grain bread, grain a to dispel melancholy; forget grief; forget sorrows b to
ghalabd ghallabd fruitful, productive (of land) be diverted to suffer misfortunes; endure unpleasantness
ghal khartsavnkaj m. grain merchant proverb literal
ghalakhz ghallakhz Another's grief is colder than snow. Another's grief is almost a
ghalad n m. ghallad n millwheel casing holiday. figurative Another's grief does not give one pain.
ghla shga f. quicksand proverb Grief to some, joy to others. 2 care;
ghalafurush m. ghallafursh grain merchant concern a whole lot of cares, a mass of worries
1 ghulj f. whirlpool a to be concerned about someone b to sympathize with
2 ghal ghall plural of 1 someone ! Don't grieve! Don't be sad! !
3 ghlaj 1 quiet, tranquil; taciturn to avoid, get Be in no way sad! Don't get downcast! to be
around something by silence, keep mum about something 2 concerned about someone, be worried about something 3 history
somber, sad, gloomy 3 withdrawn, not frank 4 acting secretly, tax, duty head tax, poll tax dwelling tax
acting surreptitiously 5 concealing oneself, hiding oneself to require duty, exact the payment of tax to pay
to conceal oneself, sit in ambush tax, pay duty idiom to solve (e.g., a problem), resolve
a to calm, soothe, make to be quiet b to suppress (e.g., a question)
military to mine, set mines to put down a ghamm z m. Arabic informer, snitch; slanderer; gossipmonger
rebellion c to drive into a corner (in a dispute) a to ghamzk m. float
grow calm, be soothed, calm down; fall silent; abate b to be 1 ghammz m.
hidden, be concealed, be secreted; sit in ambush c to cease, die 2 ghammz f. informing, act of informing; slander; gossip,
down, subside 6 extinct (of a volcano) scandal
ghle ghlj the separable part of the verbs and
4
ghum sha f. mosquito, gnat
in the past tense ghambd f. tumor in the abdominal cavity
ghlj f. silence ghumbsa f. bumblebee
1 ghalij n m. Arabic boiling physics boiling point ghmbraj m. heap, pile
idiom agitation ghumb f.
2 ghalij n m. water pipe, hookah ghamdzhn f. sad, grief-stricken, upset; sorrowful
ghleb m. deceit, betrayal to be betrayed, be to be saddened by the death of a father idiom
deceived to betray, deceive a bad day b calamity
ghlajtb m. silence ghamdzhnv laj m. grief, affliction
ghlech strong, healthy ghamdzhnavl denominative, transitive [past: ]
ghaled n m. ghalled n 1 moneybox 2 till to grieve, sadden, upset
ghuledl intransitive [past: ] to be deceived, be ghamdzhnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
betrayed to be grieved, be upset, be saddened
ghalz Arabic thick, dense; thickened, condensed ghamchna m. whip
ghle-ghche f. plural evasion, avoidance ghamzaplj
ghlaj-ghlaj 1 secretly, surreptitiously 2 hiding oneself ghamkhu r sympathizing
ghleghlj f. quiet, silence ghamkhur f.
ghlil k m. 1 attack 2 crossing, violation (of a border) ghamkhr concerned, caring, attentive, sympathetic,
ghalm m. enemy, foe, adversary responsive
ghalimn inimical, hostile; antagonistic ghamkhurag f. ghamkhor f. concern, care
ghalimtb m. ghalimtj f. enmity; hostility ghamr m. crybaby
ghalma f. feminine of ghamzaplj saddened, grieved; grief-stricken
ghalim f. ghamzhn dialect
ghaliv dzh m. kite (bird) ghamshark empathetic, sympathetic, responsive
520
ghamsharik f. 1 condolence; sympathy; consolation ghunskaj m. Eastern ball

a letter of condolence 2 responsiveness ghunk m. tarantula
ghamghalat f. entertainment, diversion ghunakj f. 1 hillock; knoll; mound 2 round object; lump,
ghamksh concerned, caring folklore Good ball
Hassan (caring about others) ghunl m.
ghamgn ghunmshr m. ghunmshr colonel
ghamgin f. grief lieutenant colonel
ghamlalj ghunmshr f. rank of colonel
ghamn k sorrowful, sad sad eyes the rank of lieutenant colonel the rank of
ghamavr extremely saddened colonel
ghamavl transitive [past: ] 1 to grieve; sadden 2 ghun-mnd dialect
to trouble, worry ghunska f. kind of ballgame
ghamj m. 1 precious stone in a signet ring 2 seal 3 proper ghunavl transitive
name Ghamai ghunvaj m.
ghamedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be burdened, be 1 ghan f. kind of melon
hampered 2 to be worried 3 to overeat 2 ghna f. stout woman; heavy woman
ghamajvl m. ring merchant 3 ghun m. ghunag n [plural: ghunag n] regional
ghan f. Arabic wealth; prosperity; property idiom hooligan
to treasure one's freedom 1 ghunj f. hill; hillock
ghn shki f. plural 1 slowly flowing water 2 water 2 ghunj m.
percolating through a dam or dike ghunedl intransitive
ghanm m. Arabic plural of ghunz khaj m.
ghin 1 lyrical; songful 2 pathetic ghankj m. hunting decoy (for luring quail)
ghimbsa f. ghng m. 1 sound made by a metal object 2 echo
gandzhlj f. swing (child's toy) ghng m. echo
ghundzhj m. usually plural ghundzh sweet
ghangraj m. ear lobe
bread cooked in butter
ghangh r m. 1 ringing; tapping 2 echo
1
ghandl m. 1 stalk, stem (of a plant) 2 cartilage (nasal) 3
ghanm m. plural wheat spring wheat
proper name Ghandal
winter wheat rye wild rye
ghendl [past: ] transitive to defame; denigrate,
2
proverb literal to display wheat, but sell barley
abuse, censure, criticize, run down
figurative to pass off one thing as another
ghandalgh a f. long neck (of a person) ghanmrng ghanmrngaj
ghandalghj 1 long-necked (person) 2 m. dialect
ghanmghnaj dark-complexioned, bronzed, suntanned
handsome youth; stately youth
ghanmgra f. wheat field
ghndna f. criticism; censure; reproach ghanmvl seller of wheat, wheat merchant
ghand Western raving, rambling ghanmn wheaten
ghandvaj m. watercress ghanmna f. wheatbread, wheaten bread
1 ghundj m. bag, sack ghanvri f. plural young sprouts, shoots
2 ghndi 2 ghna f. 1 thornbush 2 thorn hedge; living fence 3 sharp thorn
1 ghun m. Eastern timber, beam 1 ghni f. plural 1 of 2 clumps of thornbushes
2 ghun m. military regiment to mine, set mines 2 ghan 1 rich, prosporous to enrich to
aviation regiment grow rich, become rich 2 m. .1 [plural: ghanj n Arabic
3 ghun plural: aghnij ] rich man 2.2 proper name Ghani
ghun raj m. 1 3 ghnaj m. spider
1 ghn ja f. freak, monster 4 ghanj f. 1 thornbush hedge 2 coral milky cap (mushroom)
2 ghunj m. 1 juvenile, lad 2 youth assisting a plowman, ghanitarn very rich, richest
plowboy 3 freak, monster
ghanimt m. Arabic [plural: ghanimatna Arabic
ghunzhbaj babbling, speaking with confused articulation
plural: ghanm] 1 bag (hunting), catch (fishing), trophy 2

521
propitious, favorable occasion, moment to take ghobn m.

ghob m. ghob m. [plural:
advantage of a favorable occasion 3 good, good deed ghobn] herdsman, cowherd; drover
This book is a real find. ghupavl denominative, transitive to dip, plunge into, sink
ghu ski f. plural to trudge, drag, trail (into) (water or some other liquid)
ghna f. ghne f. spider spiderweb ghup f. 2
dialect tarantula ghutj f. powder-horn, powder flask
ghav m. kind of shashlik cooked under hot sand in a sheep's 1 ghv 1
stomach 2 ghvu ghv 1 cut off ! Cut it in half!
ghv f. [plural: ghv vi plural: ghvg ni dialect to cut, cleave 2 decisive, categorical, definite; conclusively
plural: ghv] cow saying to speak decisively, categorically idiom to
literal I never roused anyone's resting cow. figurative I never rout, smash
injured anybody. I am a completely harmless man. idiom ghvu-p-ghvu ghv-p-ghvt decisively,
He lucked out. to inflate some matter categorically, definitely; conclusively to speak
ghvbzhaj m. snail decisively, talk categorically
ghvrodne f. round-head (lizard) ghv-kv stout and ruddy; picture of health
ghv present stem of ghun 1 knotty, in small knots 2 intricate, involved
ghvna f. hope ghundj 1 plunging (into water or some other liquid);
ghvhkj m. eye (of a needle) diving; dipping (in) 2 m. submarine
ghvgj f. small cow, little cow ghu m. throat; gullet
ghvlvsha f. milk pail ghvavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make
ghvj n m. plural ghvj m. plural 1 of 2 fat, make stout; feed up, fatten up
horned cattle 1
gha 1 f. .1 knot, small knot (in thread, rope) to
ghvjj m. dialect
1
tie a knot to tighten a knot 1.2 fastener; button
2 ghvj plural and oblique singular of a to untie (a knot) b to undo c to sort out (a matter) d to
ghvjitb m. stupidity to act stupidly execute, carry out (something difficult) a to be
! Don't be stupid! untied (of a knot); come undone b to be unfastened; come undone
ghvjizhba f. ghvjizhbj f. botany c to get sorted out (of a matter, affair) d to be executed, be
oxtongue, Anchusa officinalis accomplished (of something difficult) a to link, tie up b
ghvjistrga f. oxeye daisy, Chrysanthemum to tie to c to fasten to compound verb a to be tied, be
leucanthemum tied up b to be tied to c to be fastened (to) 1.3 hump (of a
ghvjihkr m. orchid, Epipactis palustris camel) 1.4 cone (pine) 2 predicative .1 linked, tied, fastened
ghvjivl m. owner of an ox 2.2 tied to 2.3 fastened (to) idiom secret
ghob aj m. gadfly, horsefly dream to open up the heart (to), confide one's
ghobn plural of inner thoughts (to) a to wrinkle the brow b to make
ghob aj m. an unpleasant face
ghobraj m. cheek 2 ghu f. 1 plunging (into water or some other liquid); diving
ghobl m. 1 grinding, crushing (with the assistance of oxen) 2 to dive; be dipped 2 attack, falling upon a to
mill, crush, crowd, mass of people jammed together a be plunged (into water or other liquid); dive; be dipped b to
to arrange a jam (a crowded affair) b to behave brutally 3 hot attack, fall upon, throw oneself upon someone c compound verb
argument, polemic to plunge, sink into (some liquid or other) compound
ghobalavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to verb a to be plunged (into some liquid or other, i.e., water); dive;
grind up, crush to grind up by means of oxen- be dipped b to attack; fall upon someone a,
power 2 to break up, wear down b
ghobaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to 1
ghuj f. 1 bud 2 drop (of sweat, etc.) 3 navel 4 proper
be ground up, be milled (by oxen-power) 2 to be broken up name Ghutai idiom She is becoming a
ghoban f. shepherdess real beauty.
1 ghoban f. herding (cattle) 2 ghuj f. scarf, shawl
2 ghobanj m. 1
ghujlj f. 1 necklace 2 breed of goat having a dewlap
3 ghoban plural of 2
ghujlj m. dewlap
522
ghaus m. Arabic 1 help, assistance 2 patron, protector 3 ghur t m. plural Ghorat (district)
proper name Ghaus ghurp f. bragging
ghodzhr m. saline soil ghur nga flame
ghodzhl f. ghudzhl ghodzhla f. ghudzhla f. cow ghwarwi f. plural computer science options
barn, cowshed; sheepfold
ghorbnd m. Ghorbend, Ghurbend (river, district)
1 ghvch ghuch m. ghurb m. 1 crowd 2 herd, flock
2 ghavzh ghuch deep (of a river, a well, etc.) ghvrpzh m. noise, hubbub
ghavch laj m. ghavch aj m. pit ghurch m. 2
ghavchv la f. ghuchv laj m. depth ghurzka f. 1 tongue of flame flame 2 spark
the depth of the sea
ghurdzng m. 1 leap; jump; dash to leap;
ghavchavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
jump; make a dash to dash, dart at, throw
deepen, make deeper
oneself at the enemy 2 breaker, wave
1 ghavch f. agriculture brood
His heart fell.
2 ghchi ghchi regional well, so, well that's it
ghurdzavl transitive [past: ] 1 to throw, fling,
ghavchedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
hurl; toss to throw oneself in the river
deepen, become deeper
to throw, hurl oneself at someone 2 to take off, doff (e.g.,
ghudzredl intransitive clothing, hat) 3 to miscarry, abort (of an animal) 4 to defer, put
ghudzred m. plural off (e.g., an examination or inspection of something) 5 to evoke
ghudzj m. 1 (e.g., dissent, discord) 6 to cause to fall into (amazement)
ghvts 2 1 1
ghurdzj m. 1 agitation, worry 2 throw, toss 3
ghvtsvu cutting, sharp unwinding (e.g., of thread) 4 leaps, jumps (in a dance) 5 flood,
ghutskj m. steer freshet
ghvtsavl 1 [past: ] denominative, transitive .1 to
2 ghurdz present tense of
cut, cut out, cut off 1.2 to sever, interrupt 1.3 to solve, decide
3 ghvurdzj Go get 'em! (cry used in battle or in fun)
(question, problem) to choose a name 2 m. plural .1
ghurdz-prdz f. plural efforts, attempts
cutting, cutting off; hewing off 2.2 severing, interruption 2.3
ghurdzedl ghvurdzedl intransitive [past: ]1 to
blow (of a saber); saber-cut idiom proverb
spring, leap up, jump, come sailing by to spring
literal A chip off the old block. figurative Like father, like son.
through a channel (of the aryk, i.e., native Afghan irrigation
saying He punished himself. system) 2 to be thrown, be tossed to be
ghvtsa f. thrown across 3 to gallop, fly away 4 to fall apart, fall; fall out 5
ghvtsedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
to pound, beat (of the heart) 6 to be thrown off, be cast away; fall
be cut, be hewn off 2 to be interrupted 3 to be decided, be solved
off, drop off to set back, recede
(of a question, problem)
ghurdzed ghvurdzed m. plural 1 springing, leaping up,
ghvtsed m. plural 1 cutting off; hewing off 2
jumping 2 throwing, tossing; throwing off 3 galloping away,
interruption 3 solution (of a problem, question)
flying away 4 falling 5 beating (the heart)
ghukhtl transitive ghaurras f. inspection, investigation
1 ghol m. tarantula ghurzng m. 1 2 pressure
2 ghol m. crops before the ears or fruit ripen ghurzavl transitive
gholj m. 1 ear of reed-mace 2 ear of unripe maize (for ghurz m. plural setting (of the sun)
boiling)
ghurz-porz f. plural
1 ghaur m. Arabic discussion; examination; consideration ghurzedl intransitive regional
to ghvrs fat, stout to get fat to become
discuss, examine; consider to be discussed, be examined
fat, stout
2 investigation
ghvrsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
2 ghor m. history Ghur, Ghor (province, northern Afghanistan) thicken, fatten
Ghur Province ghvrsedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
3 ghur m. 1 goiter 2 burden He be thickened
became a burden. idiom to be ashamed of something
ghorghsht m. play, fun, amusement
4 ghur m. 1 thunder 2 roar, bellow (of a camel)
523
ghorghuhtj m. almond tree handsome a good-looking woman, a beautiful lady 1.4

ghurghj f. ring, hoop bright (of a flame) 2 m. pomade pomade idiom
ghvrlansa f. large flame to obtain something through flattery
ghvrlaan ghvurlaan f. great-grandmother ghva skaj m. Dodonaea burmanniana (kind of weed)
ghvrmch m. gadfly, horsefly ghu sha f. loop, buttonhole (on clothing) to
ghaurm ghorm f. roast meat sew a buttonhole
ghwaranj f. computer science menu ghu ndza f. flame and smoke
ghvrnik m. great-grandfather ghu nga f. sunbeam, ray of the sun
1 ghor f. unripe fruits (used in seasoning for meat dishes) ghvv m. toady, lickspittle
green grapes, unripe grapes juice of unripe ghvav imperfect of 1
grapes; sour seasoning, acidic seasoning
ghup m. ghvap m. mouthful, drink idiom
2
ghvra 1 choice, excellent 2 selected, chosen 3 approved,
to be introduced to science to get
dressed up
accepted 4 preferred 5 serious, important; significant a
to choose, select b to approve, receive, accept c to prefer d to
ghva-p very greasy
take on, assume (an appearance, a character) a to be
ghopka f. occurence, event
chosen, be selected b to be approved, be accepted
ghvapkj f. buffet, slap in the face
3
ghra f. boasting to boast to
ghvapl ghvaapl ghvapavl [past: ]
denominative, transitive to swallow; drink in gulps
butter one another up, say nice things about one another
ghur f. bellow, roar (of a camel)
4 ghvapedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
swallowed, be gulped down
ghura-pur f. bark (of a dog)
ghvarachn selected, elected, chosen ghvapsh m. rage, anger, ire
ghvra kavnkaj m. elector, voter ghvapekj m. curly-headed lad
ghoragl m. thickly-mixed clay (for plastering roofs) ghudzka f. flame
ghvra nij f. great-grandmother ghvakhlaj gluttonous
ghvarav laj m. superiority, advantage ghvazkhj m. kind of loaf
ghurh r m. ghvazgi f. plural fat, grease
1 ghur m. ghorj m. dish (on which food is offered) ghvazng m. ghvazn m. thick soup with onion
2 ghvar m. plural Ghwari (one of the four main branches of 1 ghvazhbaj 1 glib-tongued 2 mellifluous in speech;
flattering
the Afghan tribes or supertribes which include the Momandi, the
Khaili, the Chamkani, and the Zerani)
2
ghvazhb f. sweet speeches; flattery to
flatter, butter up
ghor ghorj history 1 adjective Ghorid 2 m. Ghorid
3
4 ghur plural of ghvastrgaj having beautiful eyes

5 ghvri feminine plural of 2 ghvska f. 1 thick smoke; fumes 2 thick growth of
bushes, underbrush
ghorjdzh f.
1 ghurjlj goiterous ghvshka f. 1 excessive quantity; multiplicity
2 ghvrjalj m. 1 joker; clown 2 windbag in crowds, in groups 2
ghvarjjnj m. cornflower 1 ghvga f. 1 reed-rush, Arundo karka 2 switch; twig
ghvarikhl m. plural Gwarikhejli 2 2 ghug f. shin
ghuredl intransitive [past: ] 1 to thunder, rumble ghvaagj m. disease of plants
proverb literal Thunder in the sky but ghval na f. fat-rendering boiler; fat-rendering pan or kettle
no rain. figurative A lot of noise, but no action. 2 to talk
ghvalastaj m. 1 rich man; propertied man 2
estimable person
nonsense
ghvarz chosen; elected; selected ghvalhaj m. 1 fat-rendering vessel 2 impudent fellow
ghurzha f. ghvalj f. young ear of corn (without kernels)
ghvarjakhl m. plural 2 ghvam m. 1 rattle (of firearms) 2 roar (e.g., of a tiger)
ghva 1.1 adjective oily, fatty; tallow fats ghvaam l m.
fish oil proverb Oil flows into oil. ghvaaml f.
1.2 rich He is a rich man. 1.3 good-looking,
ghuamb f. large intense flame
ghvamrgh f. kind of evergreen grass
524
ghvamredzh f. cow calving for the first time 1

ghvaedna f. 1 extending, unfolding 2 opening, opening
ghvamesn wide 3 budding, putting out buds 4 dispersion, diffusion,
ghvndzha f. tongue of flame scattering (of light, rays)
ghuandzj m. pine tree 2
ghvaedna f. 1 oiling, lubricating; buttering 2 soiling
ghvaanj fatty ghvaan fats with something oily or greasy
ghvaukj f. blossom, blossoms (of a tree) 1
ghvaed m. plural 1
1 ghvavl transitive [past: ] 1 to spread, extend, 2
ghvaed m. plural 2
unfold 2 open, open wide 3 to put, set, place military ghvaezh f. botany Indigofera gerardiana (used as a
to mine, set mines 4 to be conducive to blossoming, stimulate fertilizer)
blossoming ghvakaj m. soot-covered kettle, sooty boiler
ghvaavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
2
ghva larnkaj 2
grease, oil, lubricate; butter 2 to make greasy, soil (something) ghvaimst m. ghuimst m. thorny sage (medical plant)
with grease or oil ghvaivl 1 m. oil merchant (of cooking, oil, etc.) 2
1
ghvavna f. 1 extending, spreading 2 opening, opening oleaginous, oily oil-yielding plant
wide 3 putting, setting, placing 1 ghoz m. fatty covering or integument of intestines or kidneys;
2
ghvaavna f. 1 greasing, oiling, lubricating; buttering 2 internal fat
making greasy, soiling (something) with oil or grease 2 ghuz m. [plural: ghuzn] walnut
ghvavnaj m. bedding, litter ghuz r falling down; knocked off the feet
ghvaa feminine singular of 1 ghuzravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
ghvaam l 1 m. toady, sycophant 2 fawning, bootlicking throw down, knock off the feet; overturn, topple over
ghvaaml f. fawning, excessive flattery ghuzredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
fawning over foreign things to fawn upon, bootlick; fall; be thrown down, be knocked of the feet
flatter excessively ghuzredna f. ghuzred m. plural falling
ghvavnaj m. 1 person unfolding or spreading ghuz aj m.
something 2 bedding, litter ghzba f. lance-leaved ash, Fraxinus oxyphylla
1

ghva m. plural fuel oil; oil, fats (animal); grease ghuzzaj m. horsefly larva (under an animal's skin)
sheep's tail fat fish oil fuel ghoz f. 1 cocoon 2 boll (cotton) 3 cone (pine) 4 kind of
oil animal fats vegetable oils idiom earring
to flatter excessively ghuzakrkaj m. dung beetle
2 ghvi feminine plural of 1 ghuzj m. 1 load, burden 2 armful 3 idiom
ghvaj sha ghoj sha 1 2 kind of flower to march along proudly
ghvajndzakj f. iris, flag 2 ghzi f. plural jet of water to spurt out a jet of
ghvajna f. blue iris, blue flag water
ghvaedzhn ghvaechn ghvadz greasy, 3 ghozj m. 1 embrace 2 struggle, wrestling
oily, fatty 1 ghvazh strong, sturdy
ghvaetsj f. curls; kinky hair; ringlets 2 ghozh f. kind of grass
1 ghvaedl intransitive [past: past: ] 1 to ghuzhj m. large water-bag
be spread out, be extended; be spread, be unfolded 2 to fall prone ghvag m. ear anatomy the acoustic duct
with hands flailing 3 to open, open wide gills He has sharp hearing.
He became all the merrier. 4 to open up (of buds) 5 to rejoice, He is hard of hearing. Do you hear or not?
beam with joy 6 to be dispersed, be scattered (of light, rays) a to listen to b to await (something)
ghvaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
2
We were awaiting news of your arrival.
be oiled, be lubricated; be buttered 2 to be soiled with grease or
oil a He pretended that he didn't hear. b He
ghvaedlj past participle of 1 didn't agree. to listen (to), listen attentively
a merry b satisfied, content c merrily d with a to hear something; listen to something
pleasure ! Listen, look! b to eavesdrop, overhear
a I'll pull his ears. b I'll scold him. to
listen to someone's words; listen to someone ! Listen!
525
to listen to the torment someone

voice of conscience a to pull to be up to one's ears in debt
someone's ears b to give someone a scolding to ghvagist na f. eavesdropping
eavesdrop, overhear, listen in He didn't turn a ghvagistnaj adjective overhearing
hair. He wasn't scared at all. to drone on at someone, ghvagihnaj obedient
bore someone I was droning on at you. ghvagbs
1
f. eavesdropping
I became deaf. I became hard of hearing. 2 ghvagb s aj loving to eavesdrop
I heard him. Eastern a to hear, listen ghvagbuchj having clipped ears, having cropped ears
! Listen! b to overhear, eavesdrop c to ask forgiveness ghvagpast aj m. earlobe
k
to turn one's attention to someone's words, reckon ghagt v m. ghvagtv f. reprimand
with someone ghvagumbnaj m. small stick used for cleaning the ear
ghvagtsr na f. eavesdropping
to instigate, egg on, put someone up to something to ghvagkhvanaj sharp (of a sound)
speak so that others hear He won't hear a thing. ghvagksj m.
ghvagkaavnaj deafening
to reach (of a ghvagkj
1
m. 1 handle (of a vessel) 2 peg (of a guitar,
sound), be heard Are you listening? violin, etc.) idiom auricle
proverb It goes in one ear and out the 2 ghvagak j f. whispering back and forth
other. to ghvagmbraj m. mammiform bone
remember someone's words; obey He did not ghvagmk m. swelling or tumor in the vicinity of the ear
sustain the conversation. ! Convince him! ghvag n hearing about some secret; informed about something;
Persuade him! He paid attention to this knowing about something
circumstance. He heeded this. ghvagndrja
f. sharp word, sharpness
to put on earrings ghvagnvaj
m. eavesdropping to eavesdrop
to ignore, not to listen to someone, not to pay attention to someone 1 ghvag 1
Did you remember what I said? 2 ghvag oblique plural of
! Remember this well! ghvagv
laj m. earring
to egg someone on ghvagav
r 1 with big ears, big-eared; lop-eared 2 having
to have a word in someone's ear; have a private word ears, eared (of a vessel, jug, pot)
with someone ! Tell him! to ghvagav
ra f. 1 cap with earflaps 2 nightcap with earlaps
converse in whispers a to pay no attention to ghvagkaj
m. square corner (of a chador, etc.)
someone b to forget something idiom I pricked up ghvagav
l transitive [past: ] 1 to force to listen 2
my ears. by ear to open someone's to inform
eyes to something He has only now 1
ghvagj m. 1 handle 2 peg (of a guitar, violin, etc.) 3
comprehended. Did you corner, angle, corner (e.g., of a chador where it meets the ears) 4
understand what I was talking about? to walk mouthpiece telephone mouthpiece 5 sluice,
abreast to walk in step with someone floodgate (of an irrigation system) 6 rays of sun coming through a
to not lag (in a race, competition) cloud; shaft of light; flash of light 7 small field (at the foot of a
saying He miscalculated. He was mountain)
waiting for the results of the conference. 2 ghvag j f. whisper
He is gullible. to pass away ghvagech
na f. dimple behind the ear
I became calm. I can't ghvaged
l intransitive [past: ] 1 to listen; percieve;
believe this. I don't believe my own ears. sense 2 to find out; be informed; find out about
These words were not to Badri's liking. ghvaged
na f. 1 aural perception 2 notification
to bring to (someone's) notice I let him ghvagz 1 having ears, having handles (of a vessel, pot, jug) 2
know. I brought it to his attention. to teach someone a listening
lesson Pay no attention to his words. ghush k m. plural ghushj m. plural
to oppress someone, ghoshj m. [plural: ghoshj] ghushj ri m.
526
plural ghoshajj m. [plural: ghushaj n] cattle 1 ghohj m. 1

dung 2 ghvhi plural of
ghush m. dung pit ghvahn
1 ghuht m. ghvht m. desire, wish; request ghut f. Arabic 2
2 ghoht m. plural Italian millet, Panicum italicum, millet ghogh f. ghaugh f. 1 noise splash of waves
3 ghuht imperfect of and Western substitute for 2 cry a to make a noise b cry out 3 disorders, riots;
mutiny to create riots; raise a mutiny
ghuhtpa f. notice (of a meeting, conference) ghughau m. barking (dog)
ghuhtl ghohtl transitive [present: past: ghvag m. Eastern
]1 to solicit, request, desire to request ghvagj m. plot of land, small piece of land
permission to ask a high price 2 to wish, want 1 ghvul m. ghvl plural stools, feces to defecate
I want to go to Kabul. 2 ghul m. ghol Arabic demon, evil spirit; monster
I 3 ghol m. 1 detachment, group; crowd 2 herd, flock
want to explain this. 3 to try to get to a by detachments, in groups; in crowds b in herds, flocks
importune, insist 4 to call; invite; summon 5 to send for; order 6 4 ghol m. hernia, rupture
to require, be in need of (something) to require ghul ndza f. ghvl ndza f. 1 udder 2 kind of edible plant
large expenditures The patient is in need of ghul ndza f. larnkaj f. ghulndza-vr
care. The problem requires careful mammal
investigation. 7 to ask in marriage ghvlbagj f. latrine
ghuhtnlk m. petition, application ghulb f. ploughing, tillage, ploughed land
ghuhtna f. 1 secret dream ghvlkhr false, lying, mendacious
lawful requirement, legal requirement ghulghul f. noise, uproar; commotion
ghuhtnkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. partisan, gholk m. moneybox
supporter gholka m. slingshot, catapult
ghuhtnaj 1.1 wishing; desiring 1.2 requiring 2 m. ghulmrg m. 1 pus, matter (within an abscessed boil) 2
partisan, supporter core of a boil
1
ghuht m. plural 1 request 2 desire 3 demand 4 need ghulndzh m. colic
5 invitation; summons 6 subscription, written request; order 7 gholng m. gland
marriage request ghulna f. stye (on the eye)
2 ghuht imperfect plural of ghulavl ghvulavl 1 transitive [past: ] .1 to
ghhtj past participle of deceive, gull, trick to be mistaken, deceive oneself 1.2
ghvahln ghvahn 1 meaty 2 stout, fat; corpulent, to lead astray, deflect from the right path 2 m. plural deception
portly an optical illusion
ghvahavr 1 2 muscular ghulavna f. ghvulavna deception, trickery, swindling,
ghvahavrtb m. ghvahavrtj f. 1 meatiness cheating
2 stoutness; corpulence, portliness ghulavnkaj ghvulavnkaj 1 present participle of 2
ghvha f. 1 usually plural ghvhi meat deceptive to disguise oneself
horsemeat camel meat regional 1
ghol f. 1 log, beam, timber 2 measure (for milk, water)
mutton poultry 2
ghvla parenthetic word ! truly, in very
regional veal truth, too bad
regional beef fish (the meat of gholakam na f. slingshot, catapult; sling
fish) goat meat raw meat dried 1 ghlaj m. 1 yard, court yard, court 2 floor (of
meat dialect roast meat a to grow fat, a room) floor 3 hold, bottom (of a boat) 4 biology
grow stout, grow corpulent b to rejoice a to grow thin natural habitat (area where particular plants or animals are found)
b to emaciate, wear out to get thin 2 muscle idiom idiom to place someone in a hopeless situation (in
literal If you want to eat a conversation, quarrel, etc.); to pin someone to the wall
fish, you must get into the water. figurative You can't make an 2 ghulj f. whirlpool, maelstrom; gulf, abyss
omelet without breaking an egg. 3 gholj f. 1 assemblage, crowd in crowds
ghvahavr to divide into groups, group 2 flock (of birds) to
527
gather in flocks, flock (of birds) 3 irregular troops, detachments of ghvndzrkaj m. newborn goat
irregular militia gundzavavl transitive [past: ] 1 to turn; turn
ghuledl ghvuledl [past: past: ] intransitive over 2 to oscillate, vacillate
1 to be deceived; err 2 to overlook, make an error in counting ghundzavna f. 1 turning, rotation, turning over 2
ghuledna f. ghvuledna ghuled m. plural 1 oscillation
deception 2 miscount ghvndza f. hawthorn (tree)
gholin sta f. visit by the bridegroom-to-be to the home of ghndzaj m. bag, sack
the father-in-law after the latter has agreed to the marriage ghundzedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to toss about (in
ghum sha f. elm tree sleep) 2 to wriggle, squirm (of worms) 3 to swarm, team 4 to
ghumb r f. thick smoker hide oneself (unnoticed) 5 to steal surreptitiously; toss something
ghumbr f. 1 ancient cannon 2 large swelling (from a somewhere unnoticed
blow, sting of a wasp, etc.) ghnd 2
ghumbr m. 1 cooing to coo (of doves) 2 calls, ghundrkaj ghundraj stunted
cries (of dancers) idiom to pay court to, make advances ghund f. spun wool
to 1 ghundj m. bag ghund sacking needle
ghumbska f. sally 2 ghnde Eastern 1 similar, like 2 like, as
ghumbsa f. wasp like you like a stone like us
ghumbk m. botany rush Eastern He resembles Ahmed.
ghumbraj m. cheek ghumbri m. to be This is quite a strange story.
chubby-cheeked, be round-faced Ahmed gave him a little rice.
ghumbskaj m. ghmba f. fatty tumor; tumor, 3 ghnde Western 2
growth; lump 4 ghndi the separable part of the verb in the present
1 ghumbj m. tubby youth, chubby lad tense
2 ghmbi m. plural of swollen, inflated ghun ghvun 1.1 round, circular, spherical, globular 1.2
ghmaj m. spurge, euphoria collected, concentrated; gathered 1.3 chunky, stocky (of a person)
ghumedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to laugh at, mock 2 2 m. .1 2 2.2 mountain with gently sloping pinnacle 2.3
to threaten medicine bubo 3 predicative .1 collected, convoked 3.2
ghondzhj f. young cow, heifer acquired 3.3 accumulated 3.4 gathered into a pile (e.g., grain);
ghun ga f. sugared fruit gathered, piled up together idiom the whole
1 ghvundzh m. 1 bag (for transport of straw) 2 sheaf in the world
field (of wheat, barley, etc.) ghun raj 1 m. .1 round lump; ball, sphere; round-shaped
2
ghvundzh ghvndz 1 wrinkled, wrinkled up 2 shriveled object snowball compound verb to
(up) form into a ball, ball up (clay) 1.2 round stone, spherical stone
ghvndzh 1 lazy 2 flaccid, inert 1.3 bar, ingot (steel) 1.4 shot, projectile 1.5 ball (of yarn,
ghvundzh-mndzh 1 completely wrinkled (up) 2 thread) 1.6 tumor, growth, thickening 1.7 bubble 2.1 round;
shriveled (up) circular 2.2 spherical, convex
ghvndzhv laj ghvundzhv laj m. 1 wrinkling; shriveling ghunrj f. small flat-cake, small white loaf
(up) 2 pressure, contraction (of the heart) ghwan l m. computer science system
ghvndzhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 ghvunzhbaj ghunzhbaj ghvnzhbaj stammering
to wrinkle 2 to form into sheaves
ghvnsr m. rotting leaf
1 ghundzhj m. withering of fruits ghvnsraj ghunsraj round-headed
2 ghundzhj f. young sheep in heat ghunska f. ball
ghvndzhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 1 ghunk m. ghvunk artillery battery
to wrinkle up; shrivel up The skin on
2 ghunk m. ghvunk tarantula
his face was wrinkled up. 2 to be compressed, be gripped (of the
ghunakmshr ghvunakmshr m. military battery
heart) 3 to fade, wither
commander
ghunch f. cluster, bunch 1
ghunakj f. 1 tumor, growth, thickening 2 sally 3
ghundzhj m. 1 flat-cake; small white loaf 2 blade of a
anatomy pubis 4 small hill; hillock
handmade cotton gin
528
2
ghvnakj m. 1 pudgy youth 2 front-sight (of a 1
ghnaj f. ghni plural 1 body hair 2 skin a to
weapon) stand on end (of hair) b to shrivel from the cold (of skin) c to
ghvunl m. tarantula shiver 3 pore
gunmshr gunmshr m. 2
ghun plural of
ghunmshr f. 3
ghunaj combining form likeness, similarity
ghun-mn ghvn-mn 1 rather round, rather stout 2 yellowish (i.e., like yellow) having a low character,
stout and ruddy, rubicund depraved
1 ghon f. rather full or chubby girl ghunehj good-natured, genial
2 ghvno oblique plural of ghu m. nasal sound
3 ghvno oblique plural of ghu ska f. leaping
ghunraj m. 1 ghu skaj m. ghu shki f. plural 1 last gasp,
ghunskaj 1 sphere, globe; ball-shaped lump or mass 2 dying breath 2 gurgling (of water)
ball ghukj m.
ghunavl ghvnavl [past: ] denominative, ghu f. rumble, drone
transitive 1.1 to assemble; convoke 1.2 to acquire to ghuh r m. nasal speech
acquire property 1.3 to amass, accumulate 1.4 to collect into a guj nasal
pile (grain) 1.5 to create (material resources, funds) 1.6 to call ghuedl intransitive [past: ]1 to nasalize, speak
(to arms) 1.7 to collect (e.g., proverbs, songs) 1.8 to create through the nose 2 to speak condescendingly
(conditions) 2 m. plural .1 assembly, muster; convocation 2.2 ghued m. plural nasal speech
acquisition 2.3 collection into a pile (grain) 2.4 creation (of ghuezhj m. 1 goldbricking, trying to get out of 2
material resources, etc.) 2.5 call (to arms); mobilization (of grumbling
troops) mobilization ghvl m. 1
ghvna ghna 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 ghvra dialect 2
assembly, conference, meeting; session, congress closed ghvgnaj
m.
meeting joint meeting general meeting ghvhkaj m. green shoots, greenery, vegetation
production meeting plenary meeting, ghveg aj m. Eastern bullock cart
plenum to meet, have a meeting; conduct a conference ghvjl a f. kind of edible plant
meeting; sit in a meeting 2.2 hillock, low hill 2.3 round rock, ghvajlng 1 groin 2 crupper or harness-strap
spherical stone 2.4 round clod (of earth); ball (of dough) passed under the tail of the animal (in the case of an ox it serves to
ghunh raj m. swelling; bubo anchor the load)
ghvna marj f. gullet ghvajmn m. 1 panic, alarm (among cattle) 2
1 ghunj m. trampling; stamping 3 tramping out a road in the snow (using
2 ghunj f. 1 hill, hillock; foothill 2 fat girl idiom oxen) 4 annihilation, destruction, ruin 5 flouting, gross violation
to hold oneself apart, not to participate (in quarrels, compound verb a to cause a stampede, create a
etc.) disturbance (among cattle) b to trample, stamp c to stamp out a
3
ghvnj ghunj 1.1 short, thickset; short of stature, road in the snow (using oxen) d to annihilate, destroy, ruin e to
petite 1.2 rather stout, rather full 2 anatomy m. head (proximal flout, commit a gross violation compound verb a to
end) of the femur be stampeded, be alarmed b to be trampled c to be tramped out
ghvnedl ghunedl denominative, intransitive [past: (of a road in snow, using oxen) d to be annihilated, be destroyed,
] 1 to be assembled; be convoked 2 to be acquired 3 to be ruined e to be flouted, grossly violated 6 assembly, mob
be accumulated; be deposited 4 to be collected into a pile (grain) ghvjm f. ghvjm female water-buffalo or cow in heat
5 to be created (of material resources, etc.) to be in heat (of a female water-buffalo or cow)
ghvned ghuned m. plural 1 assembly, convocation 2 ghvajj m. [plural: ghvj Eastern plural: ghvj
acquisition 3 accumulation 4 collection, piling up (e.g., grain) 5 Western plural: ghvj n] 1 bull ox 2
creation (of material resources, etc.) astronomy Taurus (the constellation) 3 idiom
ghunzedl intransitive a watch (timepiece) b botany marguerite, white oxeye
ghun f. 1 color, shade, hue (of skin) 2 appearance, external idiom to lose all significance; be a mere
aspect 3 personality; conduct, comportment cog in the machine A
529
little bit still remains to be done. compound verb to gajratmn 1 having a feeling of personal worth; proud; self-
subordinate oneself respecting 2 zealous, ardent 3 valorous, courageous; brave 4
gha pronoun obsolete that (one) 1 indignant, (angrily) disturbed 5 modest
ghij b m. Arabic absence in someone's ghajratmnd 1 2 title of a captain
absence, in absentia ghajratn k
ghijb 1 absent 2 in default (of a trial, sentence, etc.) ghajrtanzm incorrect; irregular
ghij s m. Arabic 1 help; deliverance 2 proper name Ghias ghajrtavlid nonproductive
ghajb Arabic 1 m. .1 secret 1.2 that which is inner, secret, or ghajrat 1.1 noble a noble and courageous
concealed 1.3 absence 2 hidden, unseen the unseen man 1.2 assiduous, zealous, ardent 2 m. .1 noble man 2.2
world to predict, prophesy assiduous man; zealous man
ghajbt m. Arabic 1 scandal, backbiting; abuse 2 censure, ghajrdzhnibd r passionless; neutral
condemnation a to backbite; discredit; abuse b to ghajrdzhang military non-combatant
censure 3 absence ghajrchaln obsolescent, going out of use
ghajbg m. prophet, seer, soothsayer ghajrhzr absent; non-appearing (for work, class, etc.)
ghajbguj f. prophecy ghajrhziravl denominative, transitive [past:
ghajb f. cleaned cotton; cotton wool ]to compel to be truant, commit absenteeism to
ghajb 1 absent 2 hidden, unseen; secret be an absentee, not to appear (for work, class, etc.)
ghib m. funnel (for pouring liquids) ghajrhzir f. absence, truancy, non-appearance (at work),
ghdzha f. 1 2 onager, wild ass absenteeism (from class, etc.) absent from
ghajr Arabic 1.1 other, different; another class at school
Nothing else remains for you than to ghajrhziredl denominative, intransitive [past:
and so forth, and so on, etc. 1.2 standing outside of ]to be absent; not appear (for work), be a truant, be absentee
something This contradicts the (class, etc.), play hooky, cut classes
spirit of democracy. 1.3 another's 2 preposition besides, aside ghajrharb non-military, civilian, civil
from, without besides, aside from besides that, ghajrh ghajrh Arabic illegal
aside from that with the exception of four ghajrhai Arabic unreal, cut off from reality; fictitious
men 3 m. [plural: aghj r] stranger, alien They ghajrhukumat unofficial
are strangers. ghajrdjim inconstant, temporary
ghajr Arabic prefix non-, without, sans- not free, ghajrdin Arabic society, fashionable
dependent ghajrzirh Arabic grammar inanimate
ghajrb d unpopulated, deserted ghajrrz unsatisfactory
ghajrikhtijr involuntary, forced ghajrrasm Arabic 1 unofficial unofficial
involuntarily, compulsorily communication 2 outside of regular duties
ghajrz d not free, dependent ghajrzarav non-nuclear
ghajristi'm l obsolescent, going out of use ghajrzaudzh extramarital
ghajrasl changed grammar inflected form ghajrskh
(of a word) ghajrshar' Arabic 1 illegal 2 illegitimate
ghajatrf extraneous, strange ghajrshu'ur Arabic 1 irrational; unreasonable 2
ghajrpahtn m. non-Afghan unconscious
ghajrt m. Arabic 1 feeling or sense of personal worthiness; ghajrsihh Arabic 1 unhealthy 2 unhygienic
self-esteem; pride; self-respect from pride, out of self- ghajrzarur unneeded
respect 2 zeal, fervor, heat 3 valor, courage; bravery 4 ghajrtabi' unnatural, abonormal, extraordinary
indignation, anger I became indignant. I ghajr'diln unjust
got angry. Eastern I became indignant. I got angry. 5 modesty ghajr'd Arabic unusual, uncommon
a to display self-love, show self-respect b to ghajr'uzv Arabic inorganic
display zeal, show fervor c to display courage, show valor, ghajr'al f. regional history zone or region of
demonstrate bravery d to be indignant, be (angrily) disturbed e to independent tribes on the northwest Indian frontier
be modest ghajrghagz linguistics consonantal (of a phoneme)
gajrfitr Arabic abnormal, unnatural
530
ghajrbil-at-tahaml Arabic intolerable ghajrmanl Arabic ghajrmanul immoveable,

ghajrbilimujis incomparable, matchless real (of property) real property
ghajrnun unlawful; illegal unlawfully; ghajrmuassr Arabic 1 ineffective, null, void 2 ineffectual
illegally to declare unlawful, declare illegal ghajrmuvalld Arabic not producing; unproductive
ghajrabl ineffective, void ghajrmuhazzb Arabic uncultivated, uneducated, ignorant
ghajrasdi Arabic unintentional, involuntary ghajrnizm peaceful, civil, civilian, non-military
ghajrlahkar peaceful, civil, non-military peaceful population to demilitarize
ghajrmutadzhns Arabic heterogeneous ghajrnorm l abnormal
ghajrmutarb Arabic unforeseen; unexpected; sudden ghajrvzh Arabic unclear, foggy
ghajrmutara backward, unprogressive ghajrvi' Arabic unreal, nonexistent
ghajrmutazalzaln steadfast, stable, unshakeable ghajrvad n unpopulated, deserted
ghajrmuta'all Arabic foreign, alien, not related to a 1 ghjra f. wild ass, onager
matter 2 ghajr Arabic other, and the others, et. al. as
ghajrmutanh limitless, boundless for the rest, in other respects
ghajrmuhrb 1 military non-combatant 2 non-warring 3 ghajr f. Arabic singular and plural of
ghajrmahdd Arabic limitless, boundless, infinite ghajrijt m. Arabic 1 change, alteration; distinction 2
ghajrmahdudijt m. limitlessness, boundlessness, oddity, exceptional thing 3 estrangement; extraneousness
infinity to feel oneself alien, alienated 4 envy
ghajrmahrm Arabic alien, strange gheg f. m. Eastern f. [plural: ghgi Eastern plural:
ghajrmar' Arabic 1 unseen; hidden, secret 2 unknown 1 embrace, embraces embracing one another
ghge]
ghajrmus'd Arabic unsuitable, inappropriate to embrace one another to
ghajrmustam Arabic oblique; roundabout, devious embrace one another (upon meeting)
indirectly to embrace mutually, greet one another to
ghajrmussallh Arabic unarmed; peaceful envelop, enclose 2 figuratives bosom, lap; surface 3 armful 4
ghajrmusadd Arabic unverified (of a communication) sports wrestling to
ghajrmutl Arabic grammar imperfective wrestle idiom under the armpit nursling,
ghajrmatlb Arabic unwanted; unneeded nursing child to carry (a child) in the arms
gajrmutman Arabic unquiet, insecure ghegb
z m. sports wrestler
ghajrma'mul unusual ghegbz f. sports wrestling
ghajrmi'jr Arabic non-standard ghegb s m.
ghajrmu'ajjn Arabic indeterminate an ghegbs f.
indeterminate quantity ghegoghb m. greeting with an embrace
ghajrmakf Arabic insufficient; unsatisfactory ghga f. dialect She flung
ghajrmakshf Arabic unknown, unresearched, herself into her mother's embraces. in the
uninvestigated mother's arms
ghajrmlk m. regional foreign country, foreign parts; gheshl saj armed
foreign countries, overseas parts gheshj m. dialect
ghajrmulk regional 1 foreign; alien; outland; newly ghajz m. Arabic ire, rage
arrived 2 m. foreigner; alien, outlander gheg m. Eastern
ghajrmumt z Arabic unpriviledged 1 ghil m. Arabic grove, small wood; forest
ghajrmumkn Arabic impossible, unrealizable 2 ghel m. 1 fending off, evading (a blow) 2 avoidance,
ghajrmuntazr Arabic unexpected; sudden shirking
unexpectedly; suddenly, at once ghel f. plural 1 flock (of sheep, goats) 2 Wolves and Sheep
ghajrmundzhamd Arabic non-freezing (the children's game)
ghajrmunsifn unjust ghajn m. Arabic the name of the letter
ghajrmunazzm Arabic 1 irregular ghndzha f. leaping; leaping up
irregular troops 2 partisan to carry on partisan ghajjr 1 valorous, courageous 2 zealous, earnest, fervent
warfare 3 disorderly, irregular
ghajrmunat' Arabic uninterrupted; tireless
531
still busy; once he is free, he will come to you. 3 careless,

carefree 4 getting detached from or out of something
farigh-ul-b l tranquil; free of care, carefree
fe 1 thirtieth letter of the Pashto alphabet (occurs only in loan frigh-ul-bl f. 1 quiet, peace, tranquility; carelessness,
words; usually pronounced as "p" or "v" and, for this reason, is unconcern 2 comfort
often replaced by the letter or )2 number 80 in the abjad frigh-ul-tahsl m. Arabic graduate; one who has
system completed a course of study
official abbreviation title of a frigh-ut-tahsla f. Arabic [plural:
fbrik f. [plural: fbrik m. Arabic [plural: frigh-ut-tahsil na m. Arabic plural: frigh-ut-
fbik t] factory factory owner tahsil t] graduate (girl, woman)
electric power station frigh-ut-tasil f. completion of studies
fbrika adjective factory, plant diploma, certificate of
fth Arabic 1 m. Arabic .1 victor; conqueror; patron 1.2 completion of studies
discoverer; author, founder 1.3 proper name Fatih 2.1 frighavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to free,
victorious; conquering 2.2 discovering; founding, beginning liberate from something
ftihn 1 victorious, triumphant 2 victoriously frighedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
ftih f. Arabic 1 beginning; opening, introducing 2 first freed from something idiom I drank tea.
sura of the Koran to read the first to appear (publication), be issued, be published
sura of the Koran; read the prayer for the departed fr Arabic distinguishing; distinctive
ftihakhn f. requiem assembly or service among distinguishing marks; distinguishing characteristics; distinctive
Moslems during which the first sura of the Koran is read markings
fdzhr Arabic 1 depraved, vicious, debauched, corrupt 2 m. fri f. Arabic hyphen
libertine, debauchee, adulterer 1 frm m. land-holding, farm experimental farm
fzh' Arabic 1 awful, horrible; tragic 2 ruinous; destructive stock-farm
fdzhi' f. Arabic [plural: fdzhi' m. Arabic plural: poultry farm collective farm, kolkhoz
fadzh] 1 tragedy, drama 2 disaster; catastrophe; state collective farm
misfortune 2 frm m. application; blank form; registration form
fhsh Arabic 1 excessive, inordinate, monstrous frmkolozh f. pharmacology
a grave fault 2 shameless; indecent, indelicate 3 gross, frml m. frmul f. formula algebraic
scandalous, patently untrue It is a gross error. 4 formula mathematical formula
sharp, significant 5 outright, arrant (of a lie) frmuliz formulated to formulate
fhish Arabic 1 feminine singular of 2 f. prostitute frmaln formalin
fhishagar f. 1 excess, state of being inordinate, frmshin m. military formation to mine,
monstrousness 2 shamelessness, indecency, obscenity 3 set mines in formation
prostitution frinhjt m. Fahrenheit thermometer
fkht f. turtledove f rvar history active policy of British
fkhtarngaj grey, grey-colored; dove-grey imperialism for Northwest India
grey cloth fr Arabic 1 perspicacious, sagacious 2 m. proper name
frs m. 1 Fars (province, Iran) 2 obsolete Persia Faruq
the Persian Gulf frj b m. Faryab (ancient name for the city of Davlatabad)
frs f. 1 Farsi, Farsi language the Farsi language Faryab Province
Farsi-Kabuli, Dari 2 m. Persian fsdzhn m. chemistry phosgene
frsib n prsib n frsizab n fsd Arabic 1 spoiled; bad, nasty polluted water
frsizab na 1 Farsi speaker; one who knows Farsi 2 m. Tajik; polluted air 2 vicious, criminal idiom
Khazar; Persian to fight fire with fire
frgh Arabic 1 finishing something; liberated from something fsidavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to spoil,
2 unoccupied, free (from business, a matter) soil something
leisure, leisure time He is
532
fsidedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be fktr factor

spoiled, be soiled polluted air 2 to be vicious, be fkult faculty, university academic department
criminal faculty of literature
fsidednkaj present participle of 1 fl m. Arabic 1 divination, fortunetelling, prophesy
perishable (of food products) to tell fortunes, practice sorcery; tell the future 2 omen
fsfr m. plural fsfrus m. plural phosphorus This is a good omen.
fsk Arabic 1 vicious, depraved, debauched; immoral 2 m. 2 fl m. diet; abstinence
debauchee, libertine flbn m. fortune-teller, palmist
fsl m. flbna f. fortune-teller, palmist (female)
fsulj f. green bean, haricot bean, French bean flbin f. fortune-telling, palmistry to tell
fsl m. fortunes, tell the future
fsil fossilized fossilized animals flpuhtna f.
fsh Arabic evident, open, published; declared, announced flt m. geology fold
to make known, declare; publish, publicize flt 1 m. .1 stock, store (of some objects or other) 1.2 spare
fshzm m. fascism part 1.3 colloquial reserve (of a military person) to
fshst m. fascist transfer to reserve 2.1 spare spare parts 2.2 extra,
fshist 1 adjective fascist 2 m. Fascist surplus
fsl Arabic 1 dividing, separating, detaching 2 fldzh Arabic 1 m. paralysis a paralytic; an invalid
demarcational border line of demarcation 2 predicative paralyzed compound verb to be
fsilav Arabic hyphen paralyzed
fsil f. Arabic [plural: fasil m. Arabic plural: fls f. Grewia asiatica (tree yielding edible fruit and lumber)
favsl] 1 interim, interval, space 2 distance 3 partition 4 flkatna f. flgir f. sorcery, fortune-telling,
break telling the future
fsulj f. green bean, haricot bean, French bean flud f. jam
fzl Arabic 1.1 learned, educated an educated flz m. melon field; kitchen garden
woman 1.2 excelling 1.3 luxuriant; excessive; superfluous 1.4 flezkr f. melon cultivation
supplemental 2 m. .1 [plural: fzil n Arabic plural: fml m. 1 surname, family name to bear a
fuzal ] learned man, scientist; educated man 2.2 1 surname, have a family name What is
fzl f. Arabic 1 surplus, excess; remainder 2 spare, your surname? 2 family human race 3 biology
superfluous excretion; excrement family legumes idiom black Chinese tea
ftim f. proper name Fatima fmilplna f. concern for the family
f'l Arabic 1 active, doing, making; working 2 m. .1 agent fmil combining form family, familial a
2.2 operator 2.3 worker 2.4 grammar agent, person performing four-family house
the act fmil adjective family, familial family
fa'il-i-mukht r free in one's actions; acting of one's own family life
will, independent fntaz f. fantasy
f'il 1 active; operational; effective 2 grammar ergative fns m. 1 lantern, lamp lamp with a candle 2
ergative construction a present participle b magic lantern
noun of agent fn f. 1 wedge 2 bolt, catch, lock, bar
f'ilijt m. Arabic 1 state of action 2 activity; operational fn Arabic liable to decay, perishable; unstable; ephemeral
state; effectiveness fid f. Arabic [plural: fid m. Arabic plural:
f m. Arabic crack, cleft; opening, aperture; groove; channel, favd] 1 use, advantage This is
fluting completely useless. To what use? To what advantage?
fd Arabic deprived of something; having lost something to assist, help 2 profit, gain
f Arabic 1 f. .1 poverty, destitution; need 1.2 hunger, a to be useful b to yield, produce profit, gain a
starvation, fasting to be hungry; fast 2 poor, destitute (of to be useful b to have material value c to be profitable
a person) a to derive use, derive advantage b to derive
faksh fasting, starving; hungry profit, derive gain a to get use or profit
fakash f. 1 hunger, fasting 2 starvation
533
from something b to derive advantage thirst for futuh t m. second plural of

profit, greed for gain 3 outcome; result futr m. Arabic 1 exhaustion; fatigue; weakness; flaccidity
fidabkhsh 1 useful, having a use; advantageous 2 to bring to a state of exhaustion, fatigue; weaken
beneficial The eyesight is weakening. 2 quarrel; squabble;
fidaand fidan k 1 useful; advantageous 2 argument
profitable, income-bearing fatv f. Arabic fatwa, decree, sentence, judgement (decision
fjrprf 1 fireproof, fire-resistant 2 secure in terms of fire- reached by a Muslim ecclesiastical official on a legal or religious
resistance matter) to issue a fatwa
fz Arabic 1 overcoming something; attaining success 2 fatil` f. Arabic wick, fuse
fortunate, successful 1 fu m. foot two feet
fz Arabic 1 abundant, abounding in 2 generous 2 fi regional fit, suitable He is unfit for
f Arabic surmounting, superior; superlative military service.
fiijt m. Arabic superiority to have papt rumbling, roaring The car was roaring
superiority along at full speed.
fjnl finl the decisive play fub l m. 1 football, soccer 2 football, soccer ball
fabruar f. February football player, soccer player
fut m. 1 funt m. note, footnote
fatt h Arabic 1 religion He who opens the door of happiness fuvr f. regional extent, length in feet
(epithet of God) 2 m. proper name Fattah fom pom regional damn you; be thou accursed
futb l m. football, soccer fa 1
fath Arabic f. [plural: fthi Arabic plural: futh] 1 fuajz fiajz pillar 60 feet in height
victory; winning, conquest We will conquer. fadzh m. Arabic plural of and
to gain victory He attained victory. fudzhr m. Arabic debauchery, dissipation
Victory will be ours. a to attain victory b fadzh Arabic sad, regrettable; tragic
to subjugate, conquer to win the war 2 m. proper fadzhi' f. Arabic [plural: fadzhi'e m. Arabic plural:
name Fateh fadzhai'] 1 horror 2 tragic event; tragedy, calamity;
fatamnd victorious, conquering misfortune 3 cruelty
fathnm f. victorious communique, victorious report fahh sh m. Arabic foul-mouthed person
ftha f. 1, 2 fahhsh f. 1 swearing, cursing, verbal abuse 2 viciousness,
fath f. Arabic fatha, zabar (surpralinear symbol used to corruption; debauchery, depravity 3 prostitution a to
indicate the short vowel phoneme /a/) swear, curse b to be engaged in corrupt acts c to be engaged in
fathamnd prostitution
fthamand f. triumph, victory fuhsh m. Arabic swearing, foul language, cursing
fatahj b to swear, use foul language, curse
fitr k m. saddle straps or cords fixed to a saddle and used to fahv f. Arabic significance, meaning
tie game, etc. fakhr m. Arabic 1 glory, honor 2 object of pride
fat m. Arabic 1 medicine hernia 2 rupture, tear, strain to be proud of someone to take
fatbnd m. truss (for one suffering from a hernia) pride in one's origins to take pride in the
fitn f. Arabic 1 disturbance; commotion; mutiny, rebellion 2 fruits of one's labor official I have the honor
disaster 3 anxiety; unpleasantness a to foment mutiny; (to) I have the honor to report
rebel b to harm c to cause anxiety, cause unpleasantness to consider it an honor, take pride in
fitnaangz m. troublemaker; disrupter, disturber of the fakhr Arabic honorary, honorable
peace; instigator fid Arabic 1 f. (exculpatory, sin) offering compound
titnaangez f. 1 verb to offer in sacrifice, sacrifice He died for
fitnadzh 1 engaging in machinations, taking part in intrigue freedom. 2 f. self-sacrifice 3 f. ransom (for a prisoner) 4 m.
2 m. troublemaker; instigator proper name Fida
fatv f. fatvlk m. Arabic fidk r selflessly dedicated, selfless, wholehearted
futtuvt m. Arabic magnanimity; generous; nobility faithful wife, dedicated wife He is wholeheartedly
futh m. Arabic plural of dedicated to the work.
534
fidkr f. selflessness; selfless dedication far gh m. Arabic 1 idleness, lack of occupation 2

fid m. fidj 1 man giving his life for a sacred matter; termination, completion of work a to be freed from work
patriot; man who is selflessly dedicated to an idea 2 man who is b to be finished, be completed 3
dedicated to someone I am dedicated to you. I love farght m. Arabic leisure time, free time; rest
you wholeheartedly. free day, day off respite
federsjn m. federation football fir m. Arabic separation, parting
federation, soccer federation fr k m. fr k frock coat, tailcoat, tails
feder l federali federal; federative frksin m. fraction
federative republic farmsh farmsh forgotten
fidavijt m. Arabic farmushkr f. forgetfulness; absentmindedness
fidj f. Arabic 1 ransom to pay ransom 2 religion farmn m. Arabic plural of
fulfillment of an obligation, discharging of a debt frns m. France
feerashn m. federation frnsav 1 French French, French language 2.1
fur t m. Arabic 1 Euphrates the m. Frenchman 2.2 f. French, French language
Euphrates River 2 fresh water frsn f. France
far kh broad, expansive, wide frnss m. Frenchman
frkhv laj m. frnsis
frkhavl denominative [past: ] to widen, expand, frnk m. franc
broaden to widen the bridgehead farv n firv n farv na firv na plentiful, abundant
fr kha f. singular of broad chest farvard f. food product agricultural
frk f. width production
frkhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be far h m. farr h Farakh (city) Farakh Province
broadened, broaden idiom grindstone, whetstone
fir r far r m. Arabic flight; escape; desertion a to farhm 1 gathered, assembled, collected to gather,
flee; desert b compound verb of collect, assemble (e.g., information, data) to be
firravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to drive gathered, be collected, be assembled (e.g., of information, data) 2
away, take away, lead away; compel to make an escape; force to together, at the same time
flee farz m. Arabic plural of
firr m. refugee, escapee; deserter robber, brigand furdzh f. Arabic 1 slit; aperture 2 dispute; split
(fleeing from justice) farahbkhsh joyful
firrijt m. desertion farht Arabic 1 m. pleasure; joy; comfort, consolation 2 f.
firredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to flee, proper name Farhat
desert farrkh 1 happy, fortunate (of a man) 2 propitious
1
fir z m. ascent, rise; takeoff to evaporate, vanish (of tarkhund happy, fortunate, propitious
steam) fard Arabic 1 m. .1 [plural: afr d] man, individual;
2 far z m. 1 ascent, rise, upward movement 2 combining form person, human being, party government figure 1.2
proud [plural: afr d] warrior, soldier, enlisted man, private 1.3
first m. farst Arabic 1 perspicacity; quick-wittedness; [plural: fardna] list register; roster 1.4 one line (of
quickness on the uptake He is very poetry), verse 1.5 [plural: fardna] individual 2.1 odd
perspicacious. 2 smartness; skill, know-how 2.2 only, sole, unique
far sh m. farr sh Arabic 1 servant whose duties are to spread fard poetry tomorrow
the carpets or floor coverings 2 servant, guard (for a mosque, firdas m. heavenly garden, celestial tabernacles, elysian
temple) fields
farshbsh farrshbsh m. 1 principal servant, fard 1 individual; personal the development of
majordomo 2 history chamberlain personality personal advantage 2 separate (of a family)
farshkhn f. farrshkhn storeroom for carpets and rugs fardijtm Arabic 1 uniqueness 2 individuality, individualism
far sha f. farr sha maid, housemaid farzn 1 wise; learned 2 intelligent
farsh f. farrsh work and job of a chamberlain farznd m. poetry 1 son 2 child
535
farzand f. position of a son nominal, fictive, fictitious fictitious names 3

to adopt as a son required by religion or morals
farzn m. chess queen farzij t m. Arabic plural of
fars m. Arabic chess knight farzijt m.
farskh m. farsang m. farsakh (measure of distance farzedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
equal to 6.8 km.), league, parasang presupposed; be considered It can be
farsud 1 worn, effaced 2 out-of-date, outdated (of news, suggested that
data, information) a to wear out, become dilapitated farzij f. Arabic [plural: farzij m. Arabic plural:
b to get old, become outdated, grow stale (of news, data, farzij t] 1 hypothesis; assumptions, supposition,
information) presumption; presentation 2 religion instruction; command
farsh Arabic 1 m. .1 bedding, litter; carpet; rug; floor matting fr'a f. Arabic m. [plural: fur] 1 branching; offshoot;
1.2 spreading, strewing (i.e., of material on the floor) 1.3 floor, branch 2 subsidiary 3 development 4 outcome, conclusion 5
flooring 1.4 pavement 2 predicative covered, spread derived from something 6 percentage rates (on capital)
farshband f. 1 paving, covering, bedding, litter 2 fr'n Arabic partly
pavement material a to cover, spread, litter b to fir'an m. Arabic 1 pharaoh guinea fowl 2
pave tyranny
firisht f. fir'aun f. fir'aunijt m. 1 haughtiness 2 tyranny
farshavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to far' Arabic 1 derived; subsidiary auxiliary
cover, spread over 2 to lay (on top of) 3 to pave 4 to face committee; subcommittee 2 secondary; minor 3 approach (of a
farshedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be road)
covered, be spread over 2 to be laid on, be laid on top of 3 to be fargn f. Fergana (city)
paved 4 to be faced (with) farfr frfr 1 quickly, swiftly 2 smoothly, tranquilly
firihtn angelic farfar f. firfir 1 top 2 revolving object (i.e., door,
firiht f. angel She is an angel. bookcase)
furst m. Arabic convenient opportunity; convenient time; far m. Arabic difference, disparity, distinction to be
propitious moment; propitious circumstances I distinct from indifferently, of no matter
did not succeed in doing this. I don't have the to differ; be distinct from one's another; be
time. to seize an appropriate moment, find an different from one another a to differ, be distinct b to
appropriate opportunity, use the occasion (to) change, alter
to miss a propitious opportunity to take fur n m. Arabic Koran
advantage of the occasion to give someone the firav Arabic adjective group; sectarian; factional
opportunity (to) They waited for a propitious clique-formation; sectarianism; fractionalism
opportunity. to take advantage of the squabble; dissention
appropriate moment or occasion fir f. Arabic 1 group; detachment 2 religion sect,
farz m. Arabic 1.1 debt, obligation persuasion 3 faction 4 military division
to consider as one's obligation firaband f. firaparast f. 1 grouping; clique-
I am obliged to execute this work. 1.2 obligatory formation 2 squabble, dissention
religious injunction to carry out (a religious) firmshr m. firmshr general lieutenant
obligation Eastern You carried out your general major general
obligation. 1.3 assumption, guess a to suppose, guess farl ng m. regional furlong
Suppose that b compound verb 2 1 firm m. farm firm
predicative obligatory 2 farm m. bench; school bench, desk
frzn Arabic 1 supposedly, presumably 2 let us suppose, let formlit f. formality
us presume farm n m. Arabic [plural: farmnna plural:
farzavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to farmn] order; decree; document being
suppose, presume we suppose we presume subordinate to someone to execute someone's
that Just imagine that orders; be subordinate to someone
farz Arabic 1 supposed, presumed, imagined, imaginary farmnbard r submissive, obedient, being subordinate
The earth has an imaginary axis. 2 to be subordinate, be submissive to someone
536
farmnbardr f. obedience, submission, subordination farebmz deceitful; mendacious

to be subordinate farebkr f. deceit, cheating
farmndehh f. command, commanding farebgr deceitful, mendacious cheat, swindler,
farm n vnkaj obedient, submissive con man
farmjsh m. fareb m. cheat, swindler, con man
farmjish ordered, reserved friun m. Freetown (city)
farmjht m. order to issue an order, order fard Arabic 1 incomparable, matchless, unmatched 2 m.
farmjl transitive [past: ] polite form of 1 to proper name Farid
speak, deign to speak Saadi writes. 2 to order; faresh na
ordain 3 to condescend, deign to do something fariz f. Arabic [plural: fariz m. Arabic plural:
They deigned to state ... They farz] 1 religious obligation (fast, prayer) 2 debt,
deigned to leave Kabul. obligation to consider as one's obligation
firml m. Birmal (district, Pakti Province) fareft poetry 1 deceived 2 in love, lovelorn
firmal 1 Birmalian 2 m. citizen of Birmal far m. Arabic [plural: fari n plural: faijn]
farmud f. 1 command, order 2 instruction 1 regional one engaged in a suit the opposing side
according to your instructions 3 command, injunction, the losing side the winning side the
behest litigants far-i plaintiff, complaint far-i
firindzhl m. Firinjal (settlement, Gorbend) defendant, accused 2 section, part of something 3 group,
farng m. European idiom syphilis detachment
farangist n m. obsolete Europe trekvnsi f. physics frequency
1 farang farangj 1 m. .1 Englishman 1.2 European 2.1 frem m. 1 frame (of spectacles, glasses, etc.) 2 mounting,
English 2.2 European framework, hull
2
farangj 1 f. .1 English woman 1.2 European woman 2 frev n frev ba plentiful, abundant
feminine singular of 1 2 fizks m.
farangitb m. European manners; imitation of Europeans fizijlodzh f.
firn f. [plural: firnigani] rice gruel; kind of fizijlodzhk fizijlodzhik
blancmange of rice flour fizk m. physics nuclear physics
farvar f. February physics laboratory physical scientist
furuz n poetry radiant, shining fizikph m. fizikdan m. physicist
fursh m. farsh sale, selling, sales fizik f.
furushk r m. merchant, seller fizik physical; natural build, frame
dfur m. Arabic plural of physical and geographic environment
furu' t m. 1 second plural of 2 judicial assembly fizijolozh 1 f. physiology 2 physiological
frnze m. Frunze (city) fizijolozhkk fizijolozhik physiological
farh d m. proper name Farhad fas d m. Arabic [plural: fasduna Arabic plural:
farhng m. 1 dictionary; lexicon 2 culture fasad t] 1 disturbance; disorder moral
farhang 1 cultural cultural collaboration 2 dissolution 2 harm; misfortune; evil Great
educational unpleasantness resulted therefrom. a to
farj d m. 1 groaning, crying out, weeping; shout (for help) cause disturbances, instigate troubles; sow dissent b to harm, spoil
to grieve over to cry out, yell to fasd 1.1 causing disorders; sowing dissent 1.2 evil,
cry out, raise a rumpus 2 complaint harmful 1.3 troublesome 2 m. [plural: fasdij n]
to complain to someone troublemaker; plotter, intriguer
farjdrs m. patron, protector; comforter faskl s regional 1 first-class 2 of the first class or rank
farjd m. 1 complaint to go to someone first-class ticket
with a complaint 2 complaining; alarming faskh m. Arabic 1 abolition, annulment
farb firb m. 1 deceit, betrayal, swindling abrogation of a treaty 2 breaking, disruption (of a relationship)
optical illusion military strategem to be compound verb compound verb
deceived to cheat somebody,
swindle someone 2 temptation
537
faskhavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to faz 1 aerial aerial photography

annul; dissolve 2 to disrupt, break off airmail Air Force Ministry of Aviation 2
fskha f. space spaceship space flight
faskhedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be high-altitude explosion
annulled, be dissolved 2 to be broken off (of relationships) fazl m. Arabic 1 superiority, perfection; merit, virtue 2
fis m. Arabic 1 dissipation, profligacy; immorality 2 grace; generosity 3 [plural: fuzl] surplus, profit 4 proper
violation of religious law, sinfulness a to dissipate, name Fazl
engage in depravities b to violate religious law, sin fuzal m. Arabic plural of 1, 2
fash fazal t m. Arabic plural [plural: fazl] 1 excrement,
fish r m. 1 pressure atmospheric pressure stools; feces; dung to remove dung 2 products of
airtight, pressurized cabin; pressurized chamber decomposition 3 physiology excretion
fish r-i high blood pressure; hypertonia fazlfurush f. conceit
He suffered from hypertonia. 2 oppression, violence, pressure, fazl f. Arabic m. [plural: fazal t] waste products,
coercion political pressure, political coercion refuse
to exert pressure, coercion on someone 1
fuzl m. Arabic
3 a multiplicity of matters; affairs a program of work, 2
fuzul Arabic 1.1 inappropriate, unnecessary 1.2
work committment superfluous; surplus, inordinate 1.3 obtrusive, interfering in
fasht m. Arabic eloquence; smoothness of speech, another's business 2 m. .1 importunity 2.2 innappropriateness
elegance of (written, spoken) style fuzulkhrts extravagant, wasteful a
fush m. Arabic plural of prodigal, a spendthrift
fasl m. Arabic [plural: faslna Arabic m. plural: fuzul 1 f. .1 inappropriateness; misplaced interference 1.2
fusl] 1 time of the year, season 2 epoch, time, period 3 superfluity; abundance, extremes 1.3 importunity 1.4 wilfullness
six months, half a year a according to the times, 2.1 1 2.2 willfull
2
seasons of the year b according to half-yearly periods 4 sowing, faziht m. Arabic shame, disgrace, dishonor to
crops grain shoots standing crops shame, disgrace, dishonor to be shamed, be
late crop a sparse crop nearly ripe grain disgraced, be dishonored
abundant crop early crop spring fazihatmz shameful, disgraceful, dishonorable
planting, summer planting These lands fazilt m. Arabic 1 perfection, superiority
now yield two crops. 5 chapter, section (of a book) 6 solution (of perfections 2 erudition 3 [plural: fazl] Arabic merit,
a problem) 7 act (of a play) compound verb to solve (a virtue
problem) compound verb to be solved (of a problem) fazilatm b m. title for a judge, qadi
fasln f. regional harvest tax fitr m. Arabic first meal eaten after a fast, breaking of a fast
fasl seasonal fitrt m. Arabic 1 nature human nature 2
fusl m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 four seasons of the year property, quality, attribute, character 3 predisposition 4 attraction
fash Arabic 1 eloquent; flowing, pure, clear (speech) 2 m. 5 alms distributed after the breaking of a fast
eloquent man fitrtn Arabic by nature, according to one's own nature
fasl m. Arabic parapet; breastworks; trench fitrat 1 2 by nature, according to one's own nature
faz f. Arabic 1 space; expanse; area 2 air, atmosphere fitr Arabic 1 natural, innate, inborn 2 normal
pure air, fresh air the terrestrial atmosphere fatr Arabic unleavened (of dough, bread)
space space flight, flight fa' l Arabic active, operative, energetic
into outerspace spaceship 3 atmosphere, to take active part in,
ambience the political atmosphere actively participate in
favorable circumstances 4 yard, courtyard fa'ln efficatious, active, effective
fazpajm 1 adjective space spaceship 2 m. fa'lijt m. Arabic 1 military activity; effective action
astronaut to mine, set mines to act, show activity
fazht m. Arabic shame, dishonor with great 2 economics operation, transaction 3 work, activity
shame, ingloriously to put into operation a
faznavrd m. astronaut to go into action, act, operate b to engage in battle, do combat
fazl m. Arabic plural of
538
fi'l fe'l m. Arabic [plural: fa'lna m. Arabic plural: remember all this.
a to think
af' l] 1 business, affair, activity, operation deed One must think this through well.
to act poorly 2 grammar verb; verb form intransitive ! Listen to me and think about it! b to worry, be anxious
verb transitive verb regular verb ! Don't worry! to be prudent
irregular verbs (verbs of archaic conjugation) to think about, reflect on, think over something
auxiliary verbs f'li, f'l-i present tense He became pensive. He is unable to
f'ln f'ln Arabic at present, at the present time, now grasp this. I was deep in thought.
fi'l fe'l 1 present-day, present 2 grammar verbal; verbal- This is not what you think. This is not what
derivative 3 active, operative you imagine. to think something over
figh n m. 1 cry, groan 2 interjection Alas! a think up b to be pensive to
faghfr m. history 1 title of the bogdokhan (sacred ruler), arrive at the view at the decision; become pensive 2 opinion
emperor of imperial China 2 porcelain in my opinion We propose that
fa r m. Arabic vertebra You are not right about this. 3 attention
farij vertebral attentively I did not pay attention. I did not
fud n fikd n m. Arabic 1 absence (e.g., of experience); lack notice. to pay attention
2 deprivation, loss Just don't forget He kept up with the dispute.
far m. Arabic 1 poverty, destitution; want to be You probably noticed that
destitute; be in want 2 poverty 3 impoverishment 4 alms He has no concern for himself. to
to request alms distract someone I remembered one verse.
fuar m. Arabic plural of to think about or remember the family of a
fir t m. fikar t Arabic plural of friend to come to mind, remember
far-ad-dm m. anemia fkrn Arabic in an intellectual sense
fir f. Arabic [plural: fir m. Arabic plural: fikrmn fikrmnd pensive; anxious
fir t plural: fiar t] 1 paragraph, item paragraph 2 fikr Arabic 1 pensive 2 psychological; intellectual,
grammar phrase 3 saying 4 vertebra philosophical intellectual development 3 ideational
fat Arabic 1 only, just, uniquely 2 that's all, the end (at the ideational flow like-mindedness 4
end of a letter, recipe, etc.) pertaining to thought intellect
fh m. fha Arabic 1 religion fiqh, theology, jurisprudence fokl m.
2 knowledge fig r
fuah m. Arabic plural of fal t m. Arabic plateau
fih-ul-lught m. Arabic etymology 1 fall h m. Arabic fellah, agricultural field worker, peasant,
fha f. grain farmer
fad Arabic 1 deceased, departed; official late, fallen asleep in 2 fal f. fal h Arabic 1 happiness 2 prosperity, well-being
the Lord (of a monarch) 2 irretrievably expended, lost falht m. Arabic husbandry, grain farming, agriculture
far Arabic 1 m. [plural: fair n Arabic plural: falhat agrarian, agricultural
fuar ] .1 pauper, poor man 1.2 faqir, traveling dervish 1.3 falh f. 2
proper name Faqir 2 poor falkhn m. sling (weapon)
fara f. singular of fil safar m. regional philosopher
fair f. 1 poverty, destitution to be destitute; be falsif m. Arabic plural
poverty-stricken; beg 2 hermit's life, way of life of a dervish falkt m. Arabic poverty, need to become
fah m. Arabic [plural: fuah ] specialist in Muslim poor, fall into want
law, a specialist in shariat flks m. falks botany phlox
fukht m. Arabic sharp-wittedness, humor; joke filladzhst m. philologist
fukh Arabic humorous; jocular jokes; fillodzh f. philology
anecdotes in joke fillodzhk philological
fikr m. [plural: fikrna Arabic plural: afk r] falln m.
Arabic 1 thought; meditation; reflection; thoughtfulness ful n Arabic pronoun so-and-so, such-and-such
initiative, undertaking way of thinking flnkj falnkj plnkj palnkj m.
Here's what I think. You need to falnl m. flannel
539
flnj falnj plnj palnj m. so-and-so (a man) floresnt fluorescing, shining

falnn m. fluorescent bulb, daylight quality lamp
filip jn m. filipn m. Phillipines, Phillipine Islands fuls m. Arabic plural of
filtr m. filter compound verb to filter falit f. 1 ribbon 2 wick, fuse
faldzh m. Arabic 1 paralytic poliomyelitis 2 falitad r matchlock (of a rifle)
economics depression compound verb to paralyze full m. plural scented (hair) oil
filz m. filzz Arabic [plural: filizzna Arabic plural: fam m. Arabic 1 mouth, orifice 2 entry or upper aperture of the
filizz t] metal stomach
filzdzhoavnkaj filzzdzhoavnkaj metallurgical fan m. fann Arabic [plural: fannna Arabic plural:
filizs z filizzs z m. 1 metalworker 2 metallurgist funn] 1 branch of science; science 2 technology 3 art
filizsz filizzsz f. metallurgy the fine arts
filizkr filizzkr f. metal processing the fana f. Arabic 1 destruction; death; mortality 2 nonexistence,
metal-processing industry disappearance; decomposition, transitoriness, perishability
filiz filizz metallic metal ore deposits to annihilate to disappear a to be annihilated;
fals m. fils Arabic [plural: filsna Arabic plural: perish b to hide, disappear c to dissolve
fuls] 1 scales (of a fish) 2 fils (small Iraqi coin worth to destroy, lead someone to destruction
1/1000 of a dinar) fen men m. plural phenomena (of nature, etc.)
fulwsp m. regional stop compound verb to fann n m. Arabic
make a stop fannpazr 1 inexhaustible inexhaustible
filastn m. Arabic Palestine resources 2 imperishable, non-transitory
falsaf f. Arabic 1 philosophy 2 theory; theorectical bases, fund m. 1 funduk (variety of small nut tree and its fruit,
theoretical points of view related to the hazelnut) 2 endearment lips of the beloved 3
falsafad n m. 1 philosopher 2 theorectician botany bud
falssaf Arabic philosophical fan m. fund, stock
falsafijn philosophical philosophizing fanr m. spring, coil spring
fals squamous, scaly fanarvl adjective spring
filfl m. pepper (the plant) fanar adjective 1 spring 2 elastic resilient or
falk m. Arabic [plural: ]1 sky; celestial sphere 2 elastic plastic material
astronomy orbit 3 fate, destiny fannk r m. creative worker; artist, one active in art
falaks m. phlox finkj ng m. Pyongyang (city)
falakshik f loud, piercing heartrending finlnd m. finlnd m. finln m. Finland
cries the Gulf of Finland
falak Arabic 1 celestial heavenly 2 astronomical finlnd m. finln m. Finland
film m. 1 film; movie sound film color film finlen 1 Finnish 2 m. Finn
documentary film artistic film fnomfn m. pnomepn Phnom Penh (city)
movie studio a to film a movie b funn m. Arabic plural of
m. plural filming movies movie fann Arabic 1 f. [plural: fannija] .1 technical
cameraman to show a film 2 photographic film technical equipment specialist,
photographic film qualified workers, technicians 1.2 artistic art
filmbardr f. filming, shooting film (painting, music, etc.); fine arts 2 m. [plural: fannij n]
camera cameraman specialist
filmsz f. production of films, creation of movies fannij t m. Arabic plural technology
the film industry fu d m. Arabic 1 heart 2 proper name Fuad
filmgir f. favr favvr f. Arabic fountain, jet, spout, spring
filint f. carbine; hunting rifle favsl m. Arabic plural of
falann m. favd m. Arabic plural of
flut m. music flute favid-i-'m f. governmental structure
1 flor m. flor (a breed of caracul sheep) Ministry of Public Works
2 flor m. flora
540
faut m. Arabic 1 decease, death to die, pass away 2 fufan annihilated, destroyed, exterminated to
loss not losing any time annihilate, destroy, exterminate; perish
fotogr f m. photograph fufulz m. pupulz
fotogrf f. fau m. Arabic 1 top, summit 2 from the top, above, up on
faut dead top
fautedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to die, fau-al-bashr m. Arabic superman
pass away 2 to perish fau-ud-'dag f. 1 extraordinariness; urgent in nature 2
fauted m. plural 1 death 2 destruction, ruin unusualness; outstanding
fu m. foot 150 feet 1 fau-ul-'d Arabic 1 extraordinary, urgent
futb l m. football, soccer extraordinary circumstances 2 unusual,
fub l kavnkaj m. football player, soccer player outstanding 3 prominent prominent persons
funt m. footnote, note fau-ul-'dag f.
fo m. & f. m. [plural: foog n f. plural: faun upper, top upper part, upper half
foog ni] photograph, photographic print fauijt m. Arabic 1 air superiority 2
foogr f m. 1, 2 superiority
foogrf f. 1.1 photography (the art) fokl m. collar
photographic equipment photographic studio fol d m. ful d plural steel a to smelt steel
aerial photography b smelting of steel
photographic laboratory 1.2 photograph, photographic print 2 foldsz f. steel production
photographic steel-annealing, steel-smelting factory
faudzh m. Arabic [plural: faudzhna Arabic plural: fold adjective steel idiom to get down to
afv dzh] army, troops to gather troops, assemble rather hard work an iron will
troops folklr m. 1 folklore 2 ethnography
faudzhd r m. history military leader, army commander folklor 1 folkloric folkloric material 2
faudzhkash f. faudzhkah f. 1 invasion, armed ethnographic
attack 2 campaign fonogr f m. phonograph
faudz m. regional army troops Navy fonetk m. phonetics
the Regular Army to dismiss the army fonetik phonetic
faudzdr adjective regional criminal fonek m.
criminal case criminal court criminal foneik
court judges fonm m. linguistics phoneme
faudz regional 1.1 army; troop; military fihrst m. 1 list, enumeration; index, directory; table of
officer military court, court martial to contents 2 notice agenda
salute 1.2 strategic 2 m. soldier, trooper; military man fahm m. pam Arabic 1 understanding, apprehension,
faur m. Arabic speed, hurry intelligence 2 intellect, reason
furn Arabic at once, immediately, quickly, urgently famavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
fort-lm m. Fort Lamy (city, Africa) explain, elucidate, find out; become acquainted
fork st m. weather forecast From this statement it is evident that 2 to
form m. 1 uniform (i.e., clothing) 2 school uniform understand, imagine, conceive
formlit m. formality fahmedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
formla m. formula explained, be found out; have become acquainted
faur Arabic urgent urgently What do you understand by this?
sudden jump, sudden leap forward fahm Arabic 1 knowing; intelligent 2 m. proper name
faurijt m. fauriv laj m. Arabic 1 urgency 2 Fahim, Faheem
hurry 1 fe f. the name of the letter
fosfr m. plural phosphorus 2 fi Arabic preposition-prefix 1 in; on 2 at, at the time
fosfor phosphoric phosphorous compounds fajj z Arabic 1 generous, magnanamous 2 m. proper name
fosl m. fossil Fayaz
favzavijt m. Arabic anarchy fildzhuml Arabic on the whole, in general
541
filh l Arabic at once, immediately fajzrasn f. 1 generous 2 grace, virtue

filh la at the present time 1 fil m. elephant
filhait Arabic actually, indeed 2 fil m. 1
filmbl Arabic on the other hand, on the contrary 3 fajl m. fejl regional failure to fail (an examination,
fit f. 1 ribbon, tape to rewind a ribbon or tape etc.) compound verb to be failed, be flunked, flunk (an
2 adjective ribbon, tape idiom tapeworm examination, etc.) to fail an
fchr m. 1 feature article 2 hit (movie) examination resoundingly, bomb out
federsin m. federation filpj f. 1 upright; post 2 column
federl federal, federative federation, federal filkhn f. elephant enclosure
system federal republic fildkvrs m. filkvrs m. feldspar
feerl filmrsh l m. field marshal
feershan m. fajlasf m. filsf [plural: fajlasuf n plural:
fajr m. fire; gunfire artillery fire filsuf n plural: falsif] 1 philosopher; thinker 2
to fire at, bombard theoretician
feringa f. regional Englishwoman filgsh m. 1 water pepper, persicary 2 twigs (pastry)
feringj m. 1 filmrgh m. turkey
firn f. filmrgha f. turkey-hen
firuz f. victory filv n m. elephant drover
firozh f. turquoise filolodzh f. philology
feroknkrit adjective ferroconcrete 1 fil f. obsolete file, ranks ! Form a single file!
fizijlodzh f. fizillozh f. fizijolodzh (as a command)
f. physiology 2 fla f. cow-elephant
fizijonom f. physiognomy fajn fine, of high quality (cloths)
fis m. m. 1 fee entrance fee to pay a finnsm n m. financing
fee 2 payment free fen l m. chemistry phenol, carbolic acid
fisabilull Arabic free, for nothing, without payment feod l m. feudal lord
fshn m. fshn mode, fashion fashionable feodlzm m. feudalism
dandy, young person given to inordinate display in feodl feudal feudal feudal
dress, etc. economy
feshn m. 1 dandy; fashion plate 2 fashionable, stylish feo l m. fju l
fisd used to express percentages 20% of the feolzm m. fjualzm
coal feol fjul
fisad 1 adjective percent 2 f. percent of an fjuz m. 1 detonation cap; percussion cap 2 safety fuse, cutout
allocation in percentage points in percentages (electrical, etc.) to burn out (of a fuse), short-circuit
fajsl m. Arabic regional fujz m. Arabic plural of
fajsal f. Arabic decision, resolution; sentence (of a court) fujuz t m. second plural of
by decision, according to the decision fjumigshan m. agriculture fumigation
compound verb to decide to be decided, be resolved
(of a question, problem) to impose a sentence (of a

court) to come to a decision
Then it has been decided? 1
f 1 thirty-first letter of the Pashto alphabet (primarily occurs
fajsalanm f. resolution to take, in loanwords, Arabic verb-forms, and Turkish words; pronounced
accept a resolution
as Arabic and may be replaced by the letter or even valorized
fajz m. Arabic [plural: fujz] 1 abundance; generosity
into "kh" or "gh") 2 number 100 in the abjad system
2 favor, grace gracious 3 well-being; success 4
2 abbreviation of 2
proper name Fayz
3 military 1 abbreviation 2 abbreviation
fajzb d m. Fayzabad (city) b m. 1 dish; plate 2 kneading trough 3 case, container
fajaz n m. Arabic 1 high water, overflow 2 abundance
fajzras n 1 generous 2 gracious, virtuous
542
bz Arabic 1.1 grasping, seizing; carrying, receiving 1.2 ch 1.1 contraband contraband goods;
taking, accepting 1.3 medicine tying off, clamping 2.1 contraband 1.2 secret, clandestine 2 m. smuggler
recipient; examiner, inspector 2 holder, possessor chgha f. table knife
bl Arabic 1 worthy, deserving of something 1 dr Arabic 1.1 mighty, potent 1.2 powerful
deserving punishment, punishable fit for something 2 to allow to give the possibility or the opportunity (to)
acquiring (e.g., some quality) 3 able; gifted; talented a to be in a position to do something 1.3 religion
worthy, deserving of respect b outstanding, exceptional c almighty 2 m. proper name Qadir
talented 4 knowledgeable, capable 5 combining form 2 dr m. cadres (of workers)
bl-i worthy of pity, piteous drav regular, experienced, skilled, trained
bil-az-zr' Arabic arable (e.g., land) darj 1 shortened, hemmed, cut-off 2 m. kadaraj (ample
bl-i-bardsht regional patient Oriental-style robe, long among the Yusufzai and short among the
biltb m. western Afghans)
bl-i-rm worthy of pity, piteous dirij f. Kadiria (Muslim sect, usually Qadiria, a Sufi order)
bl-i-rshk enviable dij n m. plural Kadiani (Muslim sect)
bl-i-'aml practicable, feasible r m.
bl-i-dr worthy; valuable rdzhn angry
bil f. Arabic midwife; obstetric assistant krgh n plural of
bilag f. midwifery, obstetrics school rgh m. rg m. crow
of midwifery, obstetrics rn m. Arabic Karun (name of a wealthy man, has become
bilijt m. Arabic 1 ability; fitness fitness for a common name)
military service bilijt-i biology variability 2 rr f. Arabic continent, continental mass, section of the
natural gifts, endowments; talent 3 qualifications world; dry-land
b 1 m. .1 strength; force, might compound verb to rr vishtnkaj intercontinental
curb, restrain, control a to seize, missile
occupy b to seize, grab, take by force 1.2 opportunity, favorable r m. Arabic [plural: arij n Arabic plural:
occasion to get the opportunity 2.1 curbing; urr ] kari (reader of the Koran)
restraining 2.2 on the qui vive; ready for an attack 3 adverb r the ocean
precisely, exactly It was exactly 10 o'clock in z m. gander mountain gander
the morning. idiom Eastern I didn't z k m.
want to eat yet. zkst n m.
p m. vice 2 z 1 adjective Kazakh 2 Kazakh, Kazakh language
pij f. z n m. Kazan (city)
1 t m. layer, stratum; sheet, bed, row to form folds za f. goose
compound verb compound verb sm Arabic 1 dividing; splitting up 2 m. math .1 divisor 2
proper name Qasim
2 t m. sh m. 1 saddlebow 2 trigger (of a revolver)
tr m. mule sh r m. Kashgar (city)
tra f. jenny, mule (female) shr shrj Kashgar adjective ashgar
t kednkaj tag folding rug (type without pile or nap)
folding table shk sh m.
tl Arabic 1.1 killing, murdering 1.2 murderous; shgha f. sha f. knife
destructive 2 m. murderer sd m. Arabic 1 runner; courier; messenger 2 death, hour
tavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to fold; roll of death
up sid m. dandelion
1 t 1 hunger 2 shortage, deficiency sr Arabic 1 having a defect, having a deficiency 2 m.
2 at folded (of a mountain) deficiency, defect
tedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be z m. Arabic [plural: kzij n plural: uz t]
folded; be rolled up 2 to form folds 1 qazi, judge 2 expert
ch m. contraband; contraband transport (of goods)
543
zitb judgeship; position of judge the mparast f.

position of judge mparvar f.
tr m. mt m. Arabic stature, height; torso, figure, build
tir transported by mule (of a cargo) ms m. Arabic [plural: musna Arabic
t Arabic 1.1 decisive, firm 1.2 unquestionable, plural: avms] 1 dictionary 2 ocean
indisputable 1.3 convincing 1.4 sharp, cutting 2 m. [plural: m
utt '] robber, bandit n l m. anatomy channel; tract nl-i digestive
'idtn as a rule, usually, ordinarily tract
'id f. Arabic [plural: 'id m. Arabic plural: n' Arabic 1.1 content, satisfied to satisfy
av'd] 1 rule; order brought into a state of order, a to be satisfied, be contented with something b to
regulated; tuned, adjusted to bring to order, be convinced 1.2 admitting (something)
regulate; adjust, tune 2 anatomy base of the heart 3 math base In his heart he admitted that he agreed with this. 2
of a cone 4 border proper name Qani
ghm f. camel-hair cloth (used for outer clothing) 1
nn m. Arabic [plural: avnn] law; canon,
1 gha f. regional black crow regulation laws of nature jurisprudence
2 gha f. idiom martial law
ghj f. 2 nn m. ganun (kind of goose)
1 f m. name of the letter nnn according to law, legally; lawfully
2 f m. h-i Kaf Mountains (legendary, supposedly nund n m. legal specialist, jurist
encircling the entire earth; according to tradition the legendary bird nundn knowledge of the law, jurisprudence
the Sumurg dwells there) idiom This is a nuns z legislative legislative assembly
Herculean labor. nunshikn m. lawbreaker
fil f. Arabic 1 caravan caravan leader nung m. nungj regional official of the tax
a caravan of boats 2 troop train 3 string of horses directorate (in a district); finance inspector
filabsh m. filasl r m. conductor or nunnm f. regulations the UN Charter
chief of a cavaran anun Arabic 1 legal, based on law the legal
filavl m. member of a caravan government legal wife legally,
fij f. Arabic rime according to law to legalize, legitimize to
fijaband f. riming, versifying have legal force 2 legislative legislative assembly 3
a 1 dry, dried out; faded, stale 2 stiff, hard 3 brittle 4 juridical; based on law legal advisor 4 grammar
starchy, starched regular (of a verb)
f. Arabic 1 quacking 2 croaking, cawing a to nunijt m. 1 lawfulness; legality 2 conformity with the
quack b to croak, caw law
m m. Arabic ermine, stoat hr Arabic 1 victorious 2 m. victor
m f. hir f. Cairo (city)
l m. Arabic 1 talk, chatter 2 word, speech hk h m. loud laugh, guffaw to laugh loudly,
lb m. Arabic 1 form, model 2 template, mold; last (shoe) guffaw
3 body 4 exposition (theme, topic) ad m. Arabic leader, chief aid-i Great Leader
lib 1 cast, poured in a mold 2 stamped, measured (speech) (title of the founder of Pakistan, Jinna)
lma l m. Arabic din, uproar iz f.
l ocean j m. 1 boat, caque 2 ship, vessel
lich f. rug l jl Arabic 1.1 admitting something; agreeing,
ln m. carpet carpet weaving being in accord with something; being an adherent of something
ln udnkaj m. linb f m. carpet weaver, 1.2 convinced of something
carpet or rug craftsman 2 m. adherent; follower
alinbf f. carpet weaving, rug weaving ilavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
lna f. carpet convince of something; compel to admit something 2 to compel to
m m. recognize, force recognition
mparst f. la 1 2 feminine singular of
544
iledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be to obtain, gain, earn (e.g., the means of
my tears.
recognized, be admitted 2 to be conscious (of) 3 to agree subsistence) to fall into someone's hands
m jm Arabic 1 standing, vertical 2 placed on a firm abzedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
foundation; established 3 stable; insistent, persistent compressed, be contracted, be curtailed 2 to be taken over, be
to persist, insist 4 math right right angle occupied 3 to suffer from constipation idiom
occupying a right angle (90 degree) 5 chess stalemate to fear, be afraid of someone; tremble before someone
immizdzh Arabic firm, stable, persistent, insistent 1
ubl m. holster
immizdzh f. firmness; persistence, insistence 2
ibl m. Arabic 1 presence; party, side 2 authority, power
aimma m m. Arabic regional 1 deputy 3
abl Arabic 1 in front of, before, earlier than B.C.,
to replace someone 2 vicar, substitute; legal successor 3 before our era 2 previous, foregoing, early 3 m. front, front part
governor-general; viceroy of something
immam f. replacing, replacement 4 abl m. 1 because, for the reason (that)
to replace someone 5 abl Arabic surrounded, besieged, invested
imavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bln Arabic earlier, before; beforehand
establish to establish diplomatic relations 2 to abl-ut-trkh prehistoric the prehistoric
create, found, establish epoch
imedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be abl-al-mil d Arabic B.C., before the modern era
established 2 to be created the fifth century B.C.
1 ub m. regional hump, deformity ablavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
2 ubb m. ub Arabic accept, receive to receive an invitation
ab f. Arabic 1 kaba (wide male garment with long sleeves) 2 to receive something with thanks 2 to receive, meet (guests) 3 to
drop or waist and seat part of trousers 3 dust jacket (of a book) consider, recognize 4 to receive, bear, experience
abht m. Arabic 1 outrage; vileness, abomination, to experience deprivations
meanness, baseness 2 indecency, cynicism 3 fault; blunder ibl f. Arabic 1 kibla (the direction in which Muslims turn in
abl f. Arabic deed of purchase; contract deed of praying); direction in which Mecca lies 2 westerly direction, west
purchase in accordance with shariat (i.e., Muslim religious law) southwest 3 temple 4 object of worship; honored
document concerning sale compound verb to person ibl-ji Center of the Universe (imperial title),
sell, sell at a reduced price Your Highness
abl m. Arabic plural of iblag h m. 1 Mecca (city) 2 place of worship 3 well-
abil tribal division into tribes wisher, patron; father
abh f. ubh Arabic ubha f. iblanum f. compass
br m. br Arabic grave abl 1 forehanded 2 former, previous
ibrs m. ubrs Cyprus (island, state) abledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
abrist n m. cemetery received (e.g., of an invitation) 2 to be considered; be recognized
ibrus ibrusj 1 adjective Cypriot 2 m. Cypriot (person) 3 to be received, be met (of a guest) 4 to be endured, be
ibrs m. ubrs experienced
abrknd m. gravedigger abled m. plural 1 receiving (e.g., of an invitation)
abrg h m. satisfaction of a request 2 recognition; approval 3
abz m. 1 acceptance, receipt, receiving 2 tax; impost 3 reception, meeting (of a guest) 4 enduring, experiencing
receipt for something received to give a receipt 4 blz iblaz western the western region
seizure, taking over 5 occupation 6 medicine constipation ubr m. Arabic holster
abzavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to abl Arabic 1 m. .1 receiving, reception 1.2 agreement,
accept, receive 2 to grab, seize, take 3 to take over; occupy 4 to approval; recognition affirmative response, assent
constipate, render costive acceptable, permissible 1.3 reception (of guests) 2
abz f. Arabic 1 haft, lever; hilt, handle (of a sword) 2 predicative permissible, acceptable; approved, recognized
4,5 to seize a This is not acceptable to me. I do not agree with this.
fortress 3 unoccupied land which has been seized 4 ownership, compound verb
possession idiom I could not restrain ahuld r agreed, agreeing, approving to agree
with, approve
545
abulavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to atledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be

accept, receive to take into partnership 2 to agree killed, be murdered 2 to be slain 3 to be exterminated, be
with, approve 3 to endure, suffer, bear 4 economics to make an destroyed
acceptance atavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to put
abla feminine singular of together 2 to beat, thrash, beat up
1 abul f. 1 economics acceptance 2 receiving, receipt (of it f. playing card
goods) 1 utj m. ball
2 abli f. plural of 2 2 utj f.
abuledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 3 at
received 2 to be approved atl Arabic murdered; assassinated
ubb f. 1 vault, cupola 2 arch 3 niche 4 alcove ta gta f. middle finger
ubbj regional hunchbacked, kyphotic, suffering from adzhar f. horsecloth, saddlecloth; kind of saddlecloth made
kyphosis of thick felt covering the saddle and the horse's forequarters and
abh Arabic base, low, shameful hindquarters
abl m. Arabic 1 2 tribe; group, clan adzhra f. date palm
abilav 1 consanguineous, tribal 2 tribal adzhr m. vulture; carrion bird
tribal difference 1 achr m. [plural: achar n Eastern plural:
abil f. Arabic [plural: abil m. Arabic plural: achr] 1 mule 2 obstinate person, pigheaded person
kabl] 1 tribe the independent Pushtun tribes 2 achr base (person)
the tribes of Southern (present-day Paktia) Province acharvl m. regional mule drover
chief directorate of tribal affairs; department of tribes achra f. regional jenny, mule (female)
plenipotentiary representative, authorized representative 1 achar f. regional court military tribunal
for tribal matters (in a province) 2 achre plural of
the Independent (Pushtun) Tribal Zone 2 biology order cha gta f. little finger, pinky
3 clan ichj m. group; small group of people
abilad r m. tribal headman, clan headman ich ich in a batches; in groups; in small groups of
ap n m. commercial scales people
apnch m. weigher, checker ahb f. prostitute
at m. 1 a plicated, folded b formed into aht m. aht f. Arabic 1 bad harvest, harvest failure
plaits c in layers compound verb 2 insufficiency, deficiency, shortfall 3 hunger, famine
atr m. Arabic add m. ad Arabic height; altitude; length of
at ra f. usually plural atri nonsense, baloney average height trim figure, well-built figure
1 it l m. Arabic 1 skirmish, battle, firefight 2 slaughter, admt m. Arabic 1 priority 2 preference to
bloody battle display preference, prefer 3 old age 4 antiquity
2 att l m. Arabic murderer, assassin admatpasnd loving olden times; conservative
atr f. morsel (of meat) admatpasand love for olden times; conservatism
atgh m. food, dish; meat; any entree (fish, soup, etc.) eaten 1 adh m. Arabic goblet, cup
with bread for relish 2 adh f. Arabic 1 reproach; censure 2 slander 3 mockery
utkaj m. dr m. dr Arabic [plural: ad r] 1 quantity;
t m. t Arabic murder, killing, homicide tl-i measure, degree; dimension, size so much
slaughter; butchery tl-i massacre some, some quantity to the extent of 2 honor, merit
They sentenced him to death. compound verb to respect someone's rights 3 to
compound verb value, worth; meaning, importance the importance of
atl n m. regional massacre science This is very valuable. This has great
atlg h m. 1 field of battle; place of slaying 2 execution significance. to value, know the price
place, scaffold compound verb to be valued, be recognized (of
atlavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to kill, merits) to
murder 2 to slay, exterminate value (highly), respect someone
We value their efforts. 4 power, might
546
adrafz f. honoring, respect idamd r idamvl m. senior (in rank,

udrt m. Arabic 1 force, power, might position)
economic power military might 1
adam f. Arabic 1 instance, level 2 step 3 echelon 4
to the extent of their powers detachment
and resources 2 supremacy, sovereignty the 2 adma oblique singular and short plural of 1
sovereignty of the sea 3 power, authority political adnum j adnum full length full-length
power sovereignty absolutism 4 portrait pier glass (mirror)
ability a to have the power, possess the might b to be udds Arabic 1 religion Most Holy (epithet of God) 2 m.
able, have it in one's power (to do something) 5 nature, universe proper name Quddus
6 religion God Almighty, Providence 7 proper name Qudrat add-u-mt m. build, figure
udrtn Arabic by nature; naturally udm m. Arabic arrival, advent
udrat 1 natural landscapes adif f. sheet worn in a public bath
naturally 2 wild (i.e., growing wild, uncultivated) 3 understood adm Arabic 1 ancient, venerable, old 2 m. .1 antiquity
This is understood. 4 religion divine 5 of old; from ancient times; from a very
unconstrained, relaxed (of a pose) long time ago 2.2 [plural: udam] ancestor
adrd n m. judge, expert I value adim ancient, antique, old in the old way
their efforts very much. ur m. 1 rumbling, eructation (stomach) 2 quacking, cawing 3
adrdn f. 1 proper evaluation; recognition of services rumble (of horses' hooves, etc.) a to rumble, eructate (of
to value someone the stomach) b to quack, caw c to resound, clatter (of horses
to (highly) value someone or something 2 hooves, etc.)
concern for someone 3 celebration in honor of someone ur m. Arabic plural of
adrmn 1 esteemed; valued; valuable arbt m. Arabic relationship, kinship; nearness, intimacy
They value our friendship a lot. 2 dear a to be close to somebody, intimate with someone
dear guests Time is dear to us. b to be related to someone
adravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to value, arbatd r m. 1 relative 2 person who is close or intimate
treasure 2 to show respect (e.g., to a guest) 3 to praise (to another)
udrtn Arabic arbat 1 related, intimate, close 2 m.
1 adr Arabic 1 predestined by fate, fatal 2 m. fatalist arbun f.
2 dre 1 some, something or other 2 so, so much as arb f. carboy, large flask; flask
We only affirm that ar h ar Arabic pure, unadulterated
uds uds m. Arabic holiness, sanctity ar r Arabic 1 m. .1 peaceful, tranquil to calm down,
calm oneself down 1.2 constancy, stability; firmness 1.3
uds Arabic 1 holy, sacred 2 m. saint decision; resolution; conclusion decision of the court
adaghn m. prohibition, ban to forbid 1.4 institution, definition, determination
1 adm m. Arabic [plural: adamna Arabic plural: . peace treaty conditions are such as a
adm] 1 step normal march step ! to calm (oneself) down b to be established, be defined, be
Forward march! (as a command) parade step, marching determined 1.5 founding, foundation, basis, ground
at attention a by step, at a walk b step by step; according to this communication
gradually in three paces inasmuch as is known
to pace The moon slowly They are helping to the extent that they are able. 2
floated across the sky. to step to predicative .1 determined, established 2.1 tranquil, quiet
keep pace with someone to pace off 2 measure ! Quiet! quietly, tranquilly They are
(taken), action, step 3 dance step idiom clod of earth, sitting quietly. 1 idiom as indicated
bit of earth to succeed greatly, overachieve below; the following, as follows What kind? Of what
2 idm m. Arabic 1 seniority (in rank, position) 2 antiquity, sorts?
old times arorm m.
udam m. Arabic plural of ancient peoples; ancestors arrd d m. treaty, agreement; contract to
adamch f. 1 step 2 pace conclude a treaty to abrogate a treaty, renounce an
adamdz j m. latrine, toilet agreement
547
arrd d kavnkaj m. to sacrifice oneself for the sake of

arrdd m. contractor; subcontractor; supplier someone else 2 proper name Qurban
arrg h m. & f. arrg m. [plural: arrghna urbng h m. sacrificial altar; altar
f. plural: plural: arrg vi] 1 military urbnavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
command headquarters, headquarters, staff headquarters 2 center, sacrifice, offer as an oblation to sacrifice one's life
focus, focal point ! Eastern I will give up my life for you!
arrnm f. written decision, resolution in writing urbn 1 f. sacrifice self-sacrifice 2 sacrificial,
arrv laj m. 1 constancy, stability; firmness doomed to sacrifice compound verb
stability of the currency exchange rate 2 peace, quiet, compound verb
tranquillity urbnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
ar ravl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to calm 2 offered as a sacrifice, become a sacrifice, die as a sacrifice
to establish, define to forbid, interdict 3 to stabilize urbt m. Arabic 1 nearness, intimacy 2 kinship relationship
1
arr f. 1 peace, calm, tranquility, quiet 3 neighborhood, vicinity
complete calm, utter quiet, tranquility 2 established; agreed, irp kirpuk (breed of caracul sheep)
stipulated 1 urt m. plural kurut (hard cheese, made into a ball from
2 ar ri f. plural of 2 compressed and dried curds)
arredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to 2 urrt m. Arabic joy, gladness
become calm, become tranquil 2 to be established, be defined 3 urutk aj m. usually plural urutkni pebble, round,
to be stabilized flat stone
arorm m. rcha gta f. dialect
arul m. regional cap (usually caracul) arh f. Arabic wound; sore, ulcer
arm m. Kara-Kum (desert) ors m. korsak (kind of fox and its pelt)
1 ur n m. or n Arabic (the) Koran to ursh m. kurush (Turkish coin)
read the Sacred Koran to give one's oath on urs m. Arabic 1 circle, circlet; disk 2 ingot, bar 3 flat cake
the Koran arz Arabic 1 m. loan; debt; grant; credit arz-i
2 ir n rn m. kran (Iranian silver coin equal to one rial) interest-free loan long-term loan; long-term credit
3 ir n m. Arabic rapprochement; intimacy bond, debenture
urnkhr having the habit or custom of swearing on the to take out a loan, borrow; receive a grant; make a loan
Koran to loan; issue a grant, offer credit
arntn m. quarantine to establish a to take on credit 2 on loan, in the form of a loan
quarantine arzd r m. debtor, one who owes money to be
urn relating to the Koran in debt
arvl m. 1 guard detachment; patrol 2 aiming to arz f. Arabic 1
aim 1 arz adjective loan (of money)
arvulkhn f. guardroom 2 arz plural of
arvul f. guard; patrolling to guard; patrol urt m. Arabic mouthful
ir't m. Arabic 1 reading 2 chrestomathy; reader irt s m. 1 paper 2 charter
a Pashto chrestomathy (collection of readings) irtsijav stationery stationery, office,
compound verb to read, read out compound verb to be writing supplies
read through, be read out irtsij f. stationery, office supplies
ir'atkhn f. reading room irtsijabb m. 1 documentation 2 forms, samples of
arn m. Arabic 1 plural of 2 conditions 3 paper 3
suppositions, assumptions 4 law circumstantial evidence 5 ur' f. Arabic 1 lot to cast lots to
signs, tokens, clues 6 context play the lottery 2 paper ballot; ballot (ball) 3 knucklebone, die
urb m. Arabic 1 intimacy, nearness; vicinity 2 kinship, ur'aandz f. balloting to vote, cast
relationship ballots
urb n m. Arabic 1 sacrifice; oblation I am your ur'abzi f. lottery
obedient servant. I am ready to sacrifice my life for you. ur'akash f. drawing (lottery)
Eastern I am ready to do everything for you. irghz m. Kirghiz
548
irghizist n m. Kirghizistan aravn f. pot, mess tin; small tank, jerry can
irghiz 1 adjective Kirghiz 2 f. Kirghiz, Kirghiz language arb Arabic 1 close, near 2 adverb close, closely
argh f. Karga Dam and Water Reservoir a very close, very closely; close up, right smack up to b factually
irghz m. c almost certainly
irghizist n m. arbn Arabic 1 almost 2 closely, close, close by, alongside;
irghiz not far from
ur 1 m. .1 prohibition 1.2 reserve, game reserve 1.3 arib f. 1 closeness, intimacy 2 relationship, kinship
confiscation; seizure (of property); to confiscate; seize arih f. Arabic 1 talent to
property 2 predicative .1 reserve, reserved 2.2 regional have a mastery of the pen 2 initiative
confiscated to be created on someone's initiative 3 inventiveness
1
arar f. 1 comb, crest (of a bird) 2 plume (of a headgear, urish m. plural Kuraishi, Kuraishites (Arabic tribe)
usually of crane's feathers) 3 crane (bird) 4 chrysanthemum irm m. Crimean Peninsula
(pyrethrum) arn Arabic 1.1 united; joined, linked 1.2 near, approximate
2 urur f. bee-eater (the bird) 2 m. .1 fellow traveler, traveling companion 2.2 contemporary
ararj m. colic (of a horse) 2.3 relative 2.4 brother born at a year's interval
urk f. regional confiscation; seizure of property arin f. Arabic [plural: arin Arabic plural:
arechn arn] 1 context 2 sign; basis; indirect, circumstantial evidence
irmz m. cochineal (insect from which a red dye is made) 3 indication a from the context it is
irmiz red, crimson evident that b insofar as one can judge
uram gh m. uram m. 1 base man, scoundrel 2 arij f. Arabic [plural: arij Arabic plural: ur ]
pimp 3 cuckold settlement; large village
urm f. roast meat arijad r m. village headman, elder
1 arn m. Arabic [plural: arnna Arabic plural: te f. plural regional balderdash; nonsense, absurdity
urn] 1 century; epoch; conjunction of planets uch m.
urun-i the Middle Ages 2 30th anniversary arechn frozen, freezing, benumbed, stiff with cold; dying
2 arn m. Arabic horn (animals) of the cold
arn f. Arabic music horn, trumpet amze f. plural regional nose drippings, snots
arantn m. azz m. az Arabic raw silk
arn Arabic adjective horn, of horn az kh m. Kazakh (person)
urnik m. regional azz z m. Arabic 1 sericulturist, one who raises silkworms 2
arnij f. Arabic cornea, corneal covering of the eye silk merchant
urt m. plural kurut (kind of cheese) az m. 1 cossack 2 Kazak (person)
urgh m. ur m. azast n m. Kazakstan
urn m. Arabic plural azk 1.1 kazakh 1.2 cossack 2 f. Kazak, Kazak language
ar 1 black (used in geographic names and as an element of izilaj adjective kizil-ayak (of a kind of rug)
compounds Karabag District caracul) 2 cards izilb sh m. plural 1 Kizilbashi (people of Turkish origin)
spades 2 m. Kizilbash (person)
urh raj m. chirping, chattering (magpies) izilkal' f.
arab gh m. Karabag (district north of Kabul, name of a azvn m. Kazvin (city, Iran)
number of other populated places) asvt m. Arabic 1 hardness, stiffness 2 severity, cruelty
araghl m. guard detachment 3 rudeness, sharpness
araorm m. Karakorum (mountain range) asb m. 1 red silk 2 small turban 3
aral m. caracul (sheep) ist m. Arabic [plural: istna Arabic plural:
araulch f. caracul ewe as t] payment, fee, installment payment; installment system
araul 1 caracul caracul sheep to establish fees, payment on the installment plan
caracul sheepskin 2 m. caracul sheep to pay on the installment plan
aram m. Kara-Kum Desert istband f. payment on the installment plan
arakulch f. istv r paid on the installment plan
arakul
549
1
ism m. sm Arabic [plural: ismna Arabic asb f. Arabic [plural: kasb plural: asb t]
plural: as m] 1 kind, type; category; order of small town, settlement
every kind, varied, motley, sundry, variegated asd m. Arabic 1 goal, intention, plan, project with
every variety of book of such a kind, such to intend to,
the goal, with the intention, intentionally
of every type, sundry goods in the to get down to do some matter 2 attempt
plan to
following manner 2 kind, species, breed to attempt to take one's own life
There are many varieties of Kandahar grape. 3 part, portion sdn Arabic intentionally, purposely, with the intention,
4 military flight a to mine, set mines b little, bit with the goal, premeditatedly
in no instance, not in any manner in one way asd 1 intended, planned, premeditated 2 forced, affected
or another It's just as though forced or affected laugh
2 asm m. Arabic oath; oath of allegiance 1 asr m. Arabic palace the royal palace
military oath to vow, swear; take an oath of Dilkusha (in Kabul)
allegiance to take an oath; swear 2 asr m. Arabic 1 insufficiency, limitedness 2 curtailment
ismism of every kind, type; all possible, varied, iss m. Arabic plural of
variegated usr m. Arabic 1 omission, blunder
ismt m. Arabic 1 part; portion 2 division; partition 3 fate, through somebody's fault He was
lot, portion; luck He didn't succeed. He had bad guilty of a big slip. He made a huge blunder. to make a
luck. slip, commit a blunder 2 flaw, imperfection
ismtn Arabic partly, partially iss f. isa Arabic [plural: is Arabic plural:
as Arabic stiff, hard kiss] 1 tale, anecdote, story ! There's an end
asillb Arabic cruel, cruelhearted
to the tale! That's all! 2 event, history
asm m. proper name Qasim, Qseem Such a thing happened to them. 3 matter, affair, business
ishr m. Arabic bark; crust, rind; pelt the earth's This is the way the matter stood.
crust The substance of the matter is this The
ashar Arabic 1 dermal, cutaneous 2 corky, suberous 3 matter came down to the fact that I
literal surface was saved from all of this. 4 subject, topic 5 colloquial quarrel;
ishrij crustacea argument; altercation
isht m. dialect issakhn f. telling of tales the printers'
ash sh m. botany poppy district in Peshawar where Pashto literature is published
ishl m. village, settlement; winter quarters asid f. Arabic [plural: asid Arabic plural:
ishl f. 1 barracks, casern, military barracks 2 deployment asd] 1 ode, kasida (ancient Arabic poem having, as a rule, a
of a military unit rigid tripartite structure); panegyric 2 poem to
ishlag h m. military post (permanent) compose an ode
ashng beautiful az Arabic 1 f. .1 fate It was as fate
oshn m. army, troops would have it. to depend on fate 1.2 chance
ass b m. Arabic butcher by chance to depend upon chance 2
proverb literal Many butchers, but the cow drops dead (i.e., of predicative passed (through) to go through a lesson
natural causes). figurative Too many cooks spoil the broth. in the twilight
asb f. Arabic head kerchief; kerchief uz t m. Arabic plural of
assb f. 1 occupation of butcher 2 cooling and processing ask r accidentally
of carcasses compound verb a to cool and process azvt m. Arabic 1 court examination 2 verdict; decision;
(meat) carcasses b to kill brutally judgment jury the opinion of the
is s m. Arabic bloody vengeance; retribution people, the opinion of the peoples' court
to avenge to adjudicate the problem Judge for
asd m. Arabic plural yourself. 3 job of a judge, the work of a judge 4 sports
asb m. Arabic delicate linen refereeing, umpiring
asb t m. Arabic plural of azj m. Arabic plural of
asabat-ar-rij f. Arabic windpipe, trachea
asabat-al-mar Arabic esophagus, gullet
550
az 1 judicial; court judicial power, authority scheme) 5 playing card 6 piece, item (classifier used in counting
jurisdiction; the right to judge letters, illustrations, photos) 9 photographs
to execute the function of a judge 2 chance; fateful, fate compound verb a to divide into pieces or parts; break up b to
azij f. Arabic [plural: kazij plural: azj ] 1 interrupt, discontinue
judicial trial, case 2 dispute, litigation 3 quarrel 4 happening, it'abz f. gambling with cards, card-playing
event, incident unpleasantness 5 grammar sentence at' Arabic decisive, categoric; conclusive final
at r it r Arabic 1 m. Arabic row, line; file; column decision
mountain ridge motorized convoy to at'ijt m. 1 conclusiveness; outcome to be
be arranged in rows; be drawn up in a line or a column; be concluded 2 categoricalness, decisiveness
stretched out in a line to arrange in rows; draw up history Kattagan
attaghn m. 1 Kattagan (city)
in a line or in a column 2 predicative placed in rows; drawn up in Province 2
a line or in a column; stretched out in a line ut f. [plural: utj Western plural: utij ni]
atrband f. arranging in a row or in a column; stretching box preserves to preserve
out in a line meat
trvazm f. atrvazn f. bandolier, ammunition atif f. Arabic
belt afr m. Arabic desert
atr arranged in rows; drawn up in rank; stretched out in a afs m. Arabic cage (for birds, etc.)
line truck train, tractor-trailer train afas f. Arabic shelves; bookcase

utt ' Arabic masculine plural of af z av z m. Caucasus
tb tb tub m. Arabic 1 pole the North afz afzj Caucasian
Pole the South Pole the Pole Star ufl m. Arabic to put the latch on, lock
the Antarctic, Antarctica in the north 2 by latching
axis; shaft 3 electrical engineering pole 4 authority, prominent uk m. uuahr m. clatter (of hooves of
person; leader idiom to be diametrically opposed galloping horses)
utbpal regional to the north ans m. ans m. phoenix (the legendary bird)
utubnum f. compass al f. [plural: alg ni plural: al vi] 1 castle;
utb Arabic polar the polar regions kala (local kind of large two- or three-story house surrounded by a
the Anarctic, Antarctica the Arctic high fence) 2 fortress, fort
utbjn m. Arabic dual (the) poles, North and South Poles ul b m. Arabic hood (for a falcon)
utr m. Arabic 1 diameter; line of the diameter; diametric line albnd surrounded, beseiged to surround, beseige
radius 2 military caliber 3 math diagonal to be surrounded, be beseiged
atr n m. Arabic tar, pitch alband f. seige to raise a seige
atr f. Arabic [plural: atr m. Arabic plural: ulb f. Arabic 1 hook 2 fishhook
atar t] drop drop of blood drop by drop ulb 1 hooked, bent into a hook 2 crooked, bent
at' f. 1 chopping off, severance 2 break; interruption; al t m. Kelat (city) Kelat Province
discontinuance compound verb to break; interrupt, ul ch m. span (measure made by the hand with the fingers
discontinue 2 to break off relations extended)
to interrupt communications compound verb a to al r m.
be interrupted, be broken off; be discontinued alrtj f. calm, lull
The communication was interrupted. b to be covered al ra alr f. alr f. complete silence,
the distance covered 3 solution, decision (question, tranquility, peace and quiet
problem) 4 format (of a book, a sheet, a page) al sh 1.1 clever, shrewd, pushy 1.2 dissolute 1.3 useless 2
t'n Arabic 1 decisively, categorically; conclusively 2 m. .1 shrewd person, pushy person, scoundrel 2.2 dissolute
obligatorily to consider absolutely necessary person, idler 2.3 good-for-nothing (person) 2.4 debauchee,
it'a f. Arabic [plural: it'] 1 piece; part; fragment 2 drunkard
m. & f. Arabic [plural: ita' t] part of the world, al m. plural
continent, mainland 3 m. & f. Arabic [plural: kita't] 1 alb m. Arabic [plural: ulb] heart
military subunit, unit to mine, set mines 4 literature
kita (a short poem of 2, 3, or more stanzas with a special rhyming
551
2
alb Arabic 1 m. .1 transposition of words, inversion 1.2 I read your article in the newspaper.
transposition of letters, metathesis 1.3 transformation, He even writes in Pashto. He wields a sharp
transmutation 2 counterfeit, false pen. He has an incisive style. to be erased, be crossed out
3 alb broken (of terrain) 2 m. & f. Arabic [plural: al m] items (e.g., of export)
lbn Arabic heartfelt, with all the heart One of Afghanistan's
albv laj m. 1 counterfeit 2 falsity important export items is caracul wool. 3 m. & f. Arabic [plural:
ulb f. Arabic 1 plow harnessed oxen (bulls) 2 al m] item, piece (numerative classifier in counting rugs,
team of oxen 3 plowed land compound verb carpets, etc.) 4 m. & f. Arabic [plural: al m] botany
to plow, plow up, plow over again compound verb to be plowed graft, cutting 5 cutting tool, point tool, chisel idiom
up, be plowed over again 4 kul'ba (measure of land equal to 50 to categorically, decisively alm-i the secret unit, the
150 jeribs) special unit (counterintelligence unit within an organization)
ulbakash f. 1 plowed land 2 ceremonial or ritual to impress, engrave; memorize
ploughing on the holiday of Novruz compound verb to cut off the head compound verb
alb Arabic 1 hearty, cordial, spiritual spiritual to be cut off (of the head)
tranquillity to calm down, become calm 2 secret, alm gh m. Kalmyk (person)
intimate, cherished almgh adjective Kalmyk Kalmyk, Kalmyk
1
ulp m. You are always language
silent. alamtar sh m. penknife
2 alp 2 2 alamd d m. 1 enumeration, list 2 entry (into the
illt m. Arabic insufficiency; shortage composition of a list) compound verb a to enumerate
ulzm m. Arabic the Red Sea b to include, enter into (a composition, list)
al'ach f. small fortress, fort; stronghold alamd n m. pencil box
al'um' m. Arabic 1 defeat, rout compound alamrv m. 1 empire; power 2 state territory 3 authority 4
verb a to rout, defeat, beat b to waste, consume (of a disease, sphere, field in the field of science
grief) alafurs m. letter, writing to write
al' f. Arabic 1 fortress, stronghold 2 fortress, stronghold alam f. 4
fire watchtower 3 used in geographical 1 alam 1 adjective manuscript, handwritten
names Kala-ji-Muradbek (settlement north of Kabul) manuscript materials a manuscript 2 pertaining to a
al'abnd writing, writing, literary literary talent
al'abeg m. commandant of a fortress, commander of a magazine worker, journalist to
fort work on a journal or a magazine 3 adjective graft-, grafted
al'a-ji-nu m. Kalajinau (city) 2 alam plural of
ala' m. & f. plural tin tin miners ulndzh m. Arabic colic
ala'igr m. tinsmith alandr m. kalandar, wandering dervish; hermit, one
ulf m. Arabic [plural: ulfna Western plural: withdrawn from the world, aesthete
ulf n] lock, bolt, latch compound alandarn 1 pertain to a dervish 2 pertaining to the
verb to latch, bolt compound verb to be latched, be hermit's life; withdrawn from the world
bolted to unbolt, unlatch alng ulng m. 1 duty, tax, impost, revenue to
a to put a key in a lock b to switch on (current, etc.) pay a duty or a tax 2 gift, tribute (to a sayyid, lord, etc.) 2
1
ulfk m. lock diminutive of ulang fighting (e.g., fighting cock)
1 al m. Arabic 1 uneasiness, worry, alarm 2 concern ulb Arabic masculine plural of 1
2 al Arabic 1 worried, troubled 2 concerned ilv Arabic alkaline
ull masculine plural of ilvij t m. Arabic plural alkali
alm m. Arabic [plural: kalamna Western plural: ull f. Arabic [plural: ull m. Arabic plural: ull]
alam n Arabic plural: alam t plural: al m] 1 summit (of a mountain)
pen, qalam, reed pen fountain pen writer ul m. 1 slave 2 porter; stevedore; coolie 3 proper name
written in such a way to be crossed out, be Quli
erased to take notes (e.g., on a lecture) all Arabic few
552
. abbreviation B.C., before this era (in calendar calculations) . andhrj andahrj 1 Kandaharian 2 m. Kahandarian,
400 B.C. resident of Kandahar
im r um r m. Arabic gambling (dice, cards) to and adjective sugar, sugary sugar beet
gamble to play cards to be a gambler sugariness
a reckless or chancy military move andl m. Arabic 1 chandelier 2 candelabrum 3 throw, toss
imrb z m. gambler; card-player (of a fowler's net) to be tossed (of a fowler's net)
imrbz f. gambling (at cards) to fall like a stone, attack (as a falcon to its prey) idiom
imrkhn f. gambling house; gambling den jellyfish, medusa
1 um sh m. Arabic 1 goods 2 cloth, textiles (cotton) u m. swan
2 im sh um sh m. Arabic 1 manners, foibles 2 conduct, uv Arabic 1 m. plural [singular: uvt f. singular:
morals uv] .1 forces all one's forces 1.2 army, troops
amch f. amchna f. whip, quirt, horse whip Air Forces 1.3 electric energy fuel
amr m. Arabic 1 moon 2 [plural: am r] astronomy 2 f. [plural: uvvi] .1 strength
satellite (of a planet) We strove with all our strength. balances of
1 umr m. Arabic turtledove forces 2.2 army, troops ground troops the
2 amar Arabic lunar (of calendrical calculations) Navy, the fleet idiom the forces of nature
am' f. Arabic subordination, subjugation, suppression uv t Arabic masculine plural of 1
am f. dagger avr f. 1 figure; build 2 exterior, external appearance
ams m. Arabic 1 shirt 2 chemist av'd m. Arabic plural 1 of 2 order 3 military drill
amisgj m. voluminous shirt, gown instruction to mine, set mines 4 grammar; structure of
1 an t m. Arabic underground irrigation canal language
2 an t m. av'idd n disciplined (of troops)
ann d m. Arabic confectioner, pastry chef avv l m. Arabic itinerant singer; storyteller
annd f. 1 pastry baking; candy making 2 pastry shop; 1 iv m m. Arabic 1 thickness, density; compactness 2
sweet shop support, prop 3 existence 4 thickening, condensation 5 syrup
an't m. Arabic satisfaction; contentment 2 av m m. Arabic 1 justice 2 truth, sincerity 3 figure, torso
to give a satisfactory answer ivm syrupy, syrup-like
to express satisfaction with avms Arabic masculine plural of
something a to be satisfied with avnn 1 Arabic masculine plural of 2 law;
somebody b to be satisfied with something legislation
to be satisfied (with), be content someone uv vi feminine plural of 2
(with) something uv-ji-khams f. five sense organs
an'atbkhsh satisfactory (e.g., an answer) uv-ji-k r m. construction brigade; construction unit
an l m. 1 uvt m. Arabic [plural: uvatna Arabic plural:
anvz m. 1 coarse silken fabric 2 proper name Kanaviz uv t plural: uv ] 1 strength, force strong
undzh m. regional shrewdness, deception; hypocrisy man physical strength, brute force to
andzhugh f. saddlebow straps become strong, get strong, grow strong 2 forces the
undzh f. regional key Armed Forces the Navy the police force 3
and m. Arabic refined sugar sugar refinery power, state; (central) authority 4 significance, meaning 5
molasses powdered sugar medicine strength, authority willpower; endurance 6 math
diabetes degree, power idiom kinetic energy
und gh m. und m. 1 butt (of a rifle) 2 carriage, All were convinced that that idea would have
caisson (cannon) medicine bodily
mastery of everyone.
undz m. Kunduz (city, district) Kunduz resistance national sovereignty
Province 2 ut m. Arabic [plural: av t] food, nourishment,
andsz f. adjective sugar-refining sugar subsistence to earn a subsistence wage; live at a
refinery subsistence level subsistence; minimum level of
andh r andah r m. Kandahar (city) nourishment necessary for existence
history Kandahar Province uvat-az-zhr m. Arabic reinforcement, support
553
uvatn k strong, powerful umndnijt m. command (headquarters)

uvatnum f. math exponent Division Command (headquarters)
utj f. umnd f. 1 command (order) at the command,
uch m. ram (often used of one that is belligerent) upon command 2 commanding (the act)
ochk healthy, robust aumparst m. nationalist
avad f. 1 tuft of grass, etc., of a size to fit the hand 2 aumparast f. 1 nationalism 2 nationality
bouquet 3 handful aumparvari f. concern for the people, concern for the
urghandl m. regional cactus nation
orm avrum f. roasted meat (with spices and fruit) umand n m.
avrij f. [plural: avrij Western plural: aum Arabic 1 national, people's, popular
avrijag ni] 1 seedling 2 nursery (for plants) serving the people 2 tribal 3 national national language
aus m. Arabic [plural: ausna Arabic plural: 4 ethnic
av s] 1 bow (the weapon) 2 astronomy Sagittarius (the aumijt m. Arabic 1 nationality 2 citizenship 3 tribal
constellation) 3 Kaus (the 10th month of the solar year, affiliation 4 nationalism
November/December) 4 math arc 5 curve (prices, etc.) umajd n m. military colloquial lieutenant colonel
aus-i-zh m. rainbow ( ) 2 onsrv m. onserv f. conserves
ausjn m. Arabic dual brackets onsl m. consul
avz m. onsulkhn f. consulate (the building)
avztj f. avzijt m. 4 onsulgar f. consulate staff (the representation itself)
avzavl transitive onsul consular
ugh laj m. regional onsl m. consul
ughsh m. hospital ward uv f. Arabic uvt m. Arabic [plural: uv m.
1 aul m. Arabic [plural: av l] 1 word, utterance Arabic plural: kuv ] 1 1 strength of will,
in confirmation of one's words to willpower 2 authority executive authority
confess to something 2 promise, word of honor I legislative authority 3 math power 4 power (ability)
give my word that to give one's promise, give purchasing power
one's word to someone, come to an agreement with someone 1
av Arabic 1 strong, powerful, mighty to gather
to keep a promise, keep one's strength, grow strong 2 robust, vigorous
word to exact a promise, require a word of 2 uv plural of
honor from someone avi-al-binj Arabic strong in body
2
ol ul m. 1 hand; front extremity (of an animal) 2 handle, ahh r Arabic Almighty (epithet of God)
hilt ahr m. Arabic rage, irritation, wrath in rage, in
3 ul m. lake irritation to grow angry, become wrathful at
ol-i-urd m. military corps someone He fell into a rage.
ulb f. to speak in anger, talk angrily to fall into a rage, get
aul-u-kar r m. agreement; understanding to angry
come to an agreement ahrdzhn ahrzhn 1 angry; wrathful; enraged 2 hot-
aum m. Arabic [plural: av m] 1 people the tempered, irascible
Afghan nation 2 tribe, clan by clan, by descent ahram n m. 1 champion 2 hero
Rahman Baba is of the Mohand Clan. ahram na f. heroine the heroine of a play
He married his fellow tribeswoman. 3 resident ahramni f. heroism
(of a village, etc.) 4 group of tribes ahrmn ahrn k
umnd n m. 1 commander 2 commanding general ahravl transitive [past: ] to anger, irritate; cause
troop commander (of a province) 3 chief 4 to fall into a rage
commandant ahr Arabic inevitable, unavoidable
umndn f. 1 command (headquarters) ahredl intransitive [past: ] to be angry with, get
the High Command 2 Directorate of Police, the Police enraged, become annoyed, get irritated
Directorate Police Headquarters (in Kabul)
554
ahar f. Arabic regression, decay, decline ajdkhn f. Eastern prison

to retreat (i.e., in the face of difficulties) to bring or ajdavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
lead into decline, decay imprison 2 to chain, shackle, handcuff 3 to take prisoner, seize 4
ahrar regressive, leading to regression, decline, decay to enter on a list, register 5 to isolate, put in solitary confinement
ahrar f. Arabic ajd 1 m. Eastern detainee, prisoner, person under arrest 2
ahah f. Arabic 1 loud laugh, guffaw 2 squawk (e.g., of a grammar adverbial
pelican) a to laugh loudly, guffaw b to squawk (as a ajdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
pelican) to laugh, laugh uproariously imprisoned 2 to be chained, be fettered, be handcuffed 3 to be
ahv f. Arabic 1 coffee 2 alcoholic drink taken prisoner, be seized 4 to be registered; be put on a list 5 to
ahv dzhoravnkaj coffee mill, be isolated; be put in solitary confinement
coffee grinder ir Arabic 1 m. .1 resin, pitch 1.2 tar 2 attributive
ahvakhn f. coffeehouse, cafe predicative tarred a tarred road compound verb
ahva adjective coffee (color) compound verb
aj m. Arabic 1 vomit compound verb to ir t m. Arabic carat
vomit, throw up to feel nauseous 2 deposit (carbon, etc. irp sh m. machine for asphalting or tarring a road
on a candle) iravl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tar, asphalt
ijdt m. Arabic seniority; leadership, management (a road)
under someone's leadership or management iredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be tarred,
ij s m. Arabic 1 comparison, analogy be asphalted tarred road, asphalted road
analogously to compare, put up against ajz f. bridle, halter
This is senseless. 2 philosophy induction 3 ajsarghr m. Takht-i-Suleiman (mountain)
hypothesis ajs m. plural kind of apricot
ijsavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to ishl m.

compare, put up against, draw an analogy ajsr m. emperor
ijs Arabic 1 comparative 2 similiar, analogous ajt n m. 1 lace 2 cord
ijf f. Arabic face; appearance, aspect, look its m. its m. astronomy Ceta, the Whale (the
having a very distraught appearance constellation)
ij m m. Arabic 1 establishment the if m. funnel; watering can
establishment of peace and security to be established 2 il-u- l m. 1 argument, controversy, scandal 2 gossip
uprising, rising; speech or verbal presentation against someone or 1 ijm Arabic masculine plural of
something to instigate an uprising to 2 ajm Arabic 1.1 straightforward, upright, deserving 1.2
speak against someone 3 rising 4 maintainance, support valuable 2 m. .1 manager 2.2 guardian 2.3 overseer
maintenance of (good health) ajmghch j m. tea with cream
ijmuddn m. Arabic proper name Qiamuddin ceremonial serving of tea (one of the wedding rituals)
ijmt m. Arabic 1 religion Resurrection Day; the Last imt Arabic 1 m. [plural: imatna Arabic plural:
Judgement, Judgement Day 2 calamity; disturbance ijm] .1 price, cost the market
to cause a commotion to raise a ruckus, price the purchase price the sales price
cause turmoil This book excites. 3 at the price of How
surprising matter, astounding affair idiom much does this cost? at a high price,
It has become hellishly hot. to torture someone expensively regardless of what it cost
ijmatglaj m. regional kind of yellow flower compound verb to determine the price, evaluate to
ipr m. regional mud, dirt lower the price to raise, knock up the price 1.2
ajch f. significance, value 2 predicative dear, expensive, valuable
ajd m. Arabic [plural: ajdna Arabic plural: Bread is growing more expensive. idiom
ujd] 1 prison detention, imprisonment solitary the combat readiness of troops
confinement 2 shackles, handcuffs, fetters, chain imatd r imatn k dear, expensive, valuable
to break the chains of slavery 3 registration on a list; valuable books
registration 4 military guard platoon 5 grammar adverb 6 imattalb cash-on-delivery, COD
obligation; provision of a treaty compound verb
555
imatavl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kpilsm m. kpilzm m.

value, evaluate, determine the price kpr 1 m. infidel, non-believer 2 abusive faithless, disloyal;
imta 2 base, foul, mean He is a scoundrel.
imat 1 dear; valuable 2 f. dearness, expensiveness kpirch m. 1 long knife, short sword 2 poleax
ajmumt m. ajmumijt m. Arabic guardianship, kprkhwalj f. botany stinkhorn
wardship under wardship kprgl m. sunflower
im f. minced meat, ground meat kprl m. tile, tiling tile factory
indzh m. regional coquetry, flirtatiousness kpr m. plural
ajnch f. 1 scissors compound verb to cut with kp f. colloquial
scissors; clip 2 rafter, truss; beam 3 crossbeam, joist idiom kp f. 1 copy 2 number, copy (of a magazine, book)
sharp tongue kpitulsjn m. capitulation
ajnz f. dialect kpils m.
ujd m. Arabic plural kpilis
ujud t m. 1 second plural of 2 limitations, kpilzm m.
restrictions, reservations kpi 1.1 fat, stout, obese 1.2 strong, healthy 1.3 mean,
ajm Arabic 1 religion Unchanging, Immutable, Eternal (an base, foul 2 f. impudent woman, hussy
epithet of God) 2 m. proper name Qayum kpis f. 1 Kapisa Province 2 Kapisa (the
ancient capital of the Kushans)
kpikr f. copying
kpinaws m. copyist; copier
1
kf the thirty-second letter of the Pashto alphabet; often kpinawis f. copying, making a copy
replaces q in Arabic and Turkic words; pronounced as "k"; the copyist
numeral 20 in the abjad system ktb m. Arabic 1 clerk, office worker 2 second secretary (of
2
abbreviation of 1 an embassy)
3
k poetical word in lieu of 2 ktib f. 1 position or work of a clerk or office worker; clerical
4
2 imperative in lieu of
ka 1 3 1 work, office work 2 position of second secretary (of an embassy)
k 1 3 Everywhere
1 ktr f. 1 large bin (for storing grain), corncrib 2 large
people are talking about me. 2 3 container (for storing grapes, etc.)
2 k f. 1 ktrj f. small sickle
kbl, kbl m. 1 Kabul Kabul River ktk m. regional katak (the seventh month of the Hindu
Kabul City the Kabul Valley 2 Kabul calendar, October-November)
Province Kabul Province Governor of ktd m. physics cathode
Kabul Province ktolk m. (Roman) Catholic
kblj, kblj 1 attributive Kabul 2 m. resident of Kabul ktolik (Roman) Catholic
1 kb near, close compound verb to bring closer, 1 kt 1 look, gaze, stare 2 viewing, examining; inspection,
bring nearer compound verb to come nearer, approach examination spying on to see
2 kb m. someone
kbs m. nightmare 2 kt imperfect plural of 1
kb f. 3 kt f. 1 letter 2 notebook, exercise book 3 directions,
1 kbn m. 1 bride's provision; dowry 2 bride-money, bride- instructions
price klj m. shotgun cartridge
2 kbn m. booth kawl transitive
kbin f. cabinet, government 1 k m. tax collector
kpitlst m. capitalist 2 k aj m. 1 saddle tree, wooden base of a saddle 2 convict's
kpitlist capitalist, capitalistic shackles 3 almond with a hard shell

capitalist countries kj la f. large irrigation ditch; canal
kpitlsm m. kpitlzm m. capitalism kerj f. small saucepan (for melting butter)
kpilst m. 1 kdzh m. pine (tree)
kpilist 2 kdzh m. buttonhole
556
kdzhr having a leukoma, having a cataract, walleyed take out of service (machinery, people) b to remove
kch m. tip cat (the game) to shirk work to go out of service (of
kchgha f. machinery, people) saying One shouldn't
kch m. do more than necessary. saying to interfere
kchgha, kchgha f. spoon with, throw a monkey wrench in the works
ktsaj m. plant with edible root Everything is in God's hands. That's how it is.
ktsj f. cup of a sling 2 kr m.
kkht m. kkht f. a year of crop krzmud experienced; skillful; skilled, qualified
failure famine, starvation krk s m. Caracas
kdr m. personnel, cadre krg h 1 2 wise
kdrj m. 1 stomach, crop, craw (of birds) 2 psalterium, krmd necessary, needed, useful; suitable; capable
third stomach (part of the stomach of ruminants) krw imperfect of 3
kzb Arabic 1 false, lying, untruthful 2 m. liar krbnpepr m. carbon paper
kzib false, lying, untruthful krbnajoks j m. carbonic acid, carbon dioxide
1 kr m. 1 affair, business, work, pursuit I am very krbur tor m. carburetor
busy. What is your business with him? krbur nt m. fuel mixture
I have business with Ahmed. He is krbolk carbolic, phenolic
prospering. That business is irremediable. krbn m. plural carbon
2 work, labor, occupation krbonpepr m.
physical labor intellectual work foreman, krbonk carbon(ic), carbonaceous
team leader, crew chief means of production carbonic acid gas
employer a labor force, labor, manpower, hands b krabn m. carbine
capacity for work, efficiency labor agreement krp t m. krptij n m. plural Carpathian
work hours, work time work-day Mountains, Carpathians Carpathians
wages to use something, employ krt m. 1 card; ticket invitation card
something, resort to something to be file-card 2 calling card
used, be employed a to set an affair krtl m. economics cartel
going, get things going b to get down to work, set to work c to krts m. cartridge, round
conduct the affair successfully compound verb to quit blank cartridge
work, walk off the job; retire compound verb a to work, krtusd n m. bandoleer, cartridge belt
carry out work What does your father do? b krtogr f m. cartographer
to work, to act, be in actions, function The krtogrf f. cartography
apparatus is working well. c to exert action, exert influence; act krtn m. 1 cardboard, pasteboard 2 file folder, document
This medication is not working for him. d to case
serve as something, replace something, substitute for something e krt f. quarter (part of a city); district, region
to earn He earns ten Afghanis a krn m. caricature, cartoon
day. compound verb to be conducted, be carried out (of krdzhn angry, infuriated
work projects) A large krdzha krdzhaj efficient, businesslike;
construction project is being carried out in the city. industrious
compound verb a to be of use, benefit, help krchalawna f.
That ruse won't help. b to work, act, function c to serve as krchb m. kind of patterned fabric
something, replace something, substitute for something krkhn f. factory, plant; workshop; factory, mill
to start
to carry out, realize in practice, turn into reality machine-building plant
working, get to work (on) to put into shipyard automobile repair shops
action, set into motion to be needed; be used, be krkhnawl plant, mill, factory (worker, hand)
applied to use, apply to krd m. knife
get (down) to work, get to work, start working krd r m. 1 official; government employee, government
to be used, be applied to process, subject to worker 2 manager (of an estate, etc.) 3 figure (person active and
processing to go to work a to prominent in his or her field)
557
krdr f. 1 position, post, appointment, job 2 krg m. [plural: krg n] raven; crow
management, direction; business management 3 administration saying a wolf in sheep's clothing (literally:
krd n 1 experienced; skillful, skilled, qualified 2 learned, a crow in peacock's feathers)
knowledgeable, (well) versed (in), competent krgkj f. botany wild mallow
krdn f. 1 experience, know-how, skill, knack 2 krnm f. 1 exploit, feat, achievement; deed, act
knowledge, condition of being well-informed, competency He became famous for his great achievements. 2
krdid worldly-wise, experienced, having seen the world success, achievement a to accomplish great
kr m. pass deeds b to achieve great success
krraw f. 1 management, direction; business krwl m. worker; laborer
management 2 actions military actions 3 caravan leader, caravan
krw n m. 1 caravan
conduct, behavior 4 action, act, deed 5 work; affair, business guide caravan owner 2 stream, file, row, line
krz r m. 1 battle, combat 2 campaign to surpass, outstrip, leave behind
krs z 1 2 m. organizer krwnbaj m. botany Pteropyrum Aucheri (kind of
krsz f. 1 arrangement, organization, settling 2 shrub)
skillfulness, expertness 3 (business-like) efficiency 4 intrigue krwnsar j m. inn, caravansary
krist n m. textile mill, shop krwn 1 caravan 2 m. member of a caravan
krsamnaj krw f.
krshikn m. vermin, pest krub r m. affair, business; occupation; affairs, matters,
krshikan 1 pest, harmful 2 f. .1 wrecking 2.2 sabotage things mundane matters
krht m. 1 plant, mill, shop 2 machine tool 3 press (for People were busy with their own affairs.
grapes) He got ready for a journey.
krts m. krubr 1 business-like, efficient 2 occupational,
krtusd n m. professional
krgh n m. plural of krukl m. plowing, tilling, tillage compound
krgh m. [plural: krgh n] raven; crow verb to plow and sow
rook to doom the deal to failure in advance 1
krawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to clean
krgh-nga f. kind of tulip (an irrigation ditch, canal)
krfarm 1 m. .1 employer, proprietor 1.2 regional krawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to earn
2
manager 2 in charge, giving orders (money) 2 to use, apply 3 to work out, elaborate
krfhm 3 krawl transitive
krfahm f. 1 kr f. 1
krk m. cork, stopper 2 kr f. botany paspalums, Paspalum (kind of grass)
krkardag f. development (of deposits); extraction (of 3 kr imperfect of 3
mineral resources) 1 kr 1 working, laboring workers 2 necessary,
krkn 1 m. .1 employee, collaborator; worker 1.2 figure essential 3 energetic; business-like, efficient 4 effective 5
(person active and prominent in his or her field) 2 experienced; mortal, fatal a mortal wound He was
efficient, business-like, practical fatally wounded. compound verb to wound fatally
krkun f. 1 capacity for work 2 (business-like) efficiency compound verb to receive a mortal blow, be struck
krkuj m. kind of grass down 6 fatal, resigned, inevitable
krkunj m. 2 krj f. tall woven basket (for transporting fruit, etc.)
kr kawnkaj m. 1 laborer 2 worker, employee 3 3 krj f. gulf; bay
figure (person active and prominent in his or her field) krj a f. weed growing in wheat
krg h m. & f. machine tool, machine 1 kredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
(weaving) loom clear, be clean (of an irrigation ditch, canal)
krguz r 1 carrying out, executing 2 m. executor 2 kredl intransitive
krgr m. laborer; worker, employee skilled worker 3 kredl intransitive
krgar worker's, working, labor krz m. kahriz, underground irrigation canal
krgaj m. small piece of business, no big deal; little piece krizk m. regional
of work krezkn m. laborer who digs kahrizis
558
krez f. kzmik
1 krez irrigated by a kahriz kzikhr m. wood louse
2 krizj m. krizj f. kg present stem of 2
krezh f. kind of edible plant kgbl m. hyena
krijs m. medicine caries kg laj past participle of 2
kriktr m. caricature 1 kg m. plural and oblique of 2
krigr 1 m. .1 [plural: krigr and 2 kg m. plural anise
krigar n] laborer; worker crew of a ship 3 k ga imperative, imperfective of 2
miner 1.2 regional blacksmith, farrier 2 industrious, 4 kg imperfect of
diligent, hard-working He is a very 5 kg imperative, imperfective of
industrious person. kg -wg m. plural and oblique of
krigar f. 1 activity, activities 2 skill, mastery; skilled kg -welni m. plural anise
work 3 skill, knack, dexterity ksb m. Arabic [plural: ksib n and Arabic
krn m. mountainous plot of land temporarily used for crops kasab] artisan, handicraftsman; workman
krind business-like, industrious ksabrg m. botany sepal, calyx lobe
k m. 1 pebbles 2 rocky terrain a rocky river-bed 1 kst m. reduction, reducing, diminishing, decrease; loss(es)
b coarse gravel 3 rocky desert, pebbly desert 4 regional silver 2 kst m. caste the caste system
mine ksd Arabic lacking demand, unmarketable (of goods)
ks w 1.1 plain, homely and with a poor physique (of a kskt m. service cap, cap
person); ugly 1.2 having an elongated face 1.3 melancholy, ksn m. plural endive (kind of chicory)
doleful, sad, dismal 2 m. ugly person, freak ksuj m. kind of edible plant
kkt bent, distorted ks f. 1 cup, basin, tureen, earthen saucer
k 1 containment basin of a dam to feast at the
kuk m. 1 howls, screams, shouts 2 clanging, clinking, same table with someone 2 botany calyx 3 shell (of a tortoise)
clattering (of dishes) idiom skull idiom to cause
1
k a f. curdled milk great unpleasantness, harass, not give someone peace; annoy
2
k a f. 1 learning a lesson 2 method in which guilt or someone idiom rainbow
innocence of one suspected of stealing is determined by immersing compound verb to hush up, drop, cut off (an affair)
his hands in boiling water to dupe, deceive someone idiom
3 k f. dish made of flour, oil and greens a to overlook, miss, let slip by b to show carelessness
1 k beaten up, thrashed idiom a person who meddles in everything
2 k i plural of 1 ksagb m. tortoise
3 k i plural of 2 1 ks 1 m. plural Kasi (a tribe living in the Kvetta region) 2
4 k plural of 3 m. Kasai, Kasi
5 kj f. 1 2 ksj f. cup of a sling
kn rocky (of terrain) ksr debouched, profligate, dissolute, licentious
kng squint-eyed, cross-eyed 1 ksra 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 debauchee,
k i-w i weakened, weak, limp, flabby lewd woman 2.2 good-for-nothing woman
compound verb a to be very tired I am 2 kser f. regional penny, copper coin
very tired. b to be lazy, become lazy ksir f. debauchery, dissipation
1
kz m. scissors 1 ksh m. pommel of a saddle
2
kz m. 1 den, lair 2 cave, cavern (used as shelter for sheep in 2 ksh
winter) kshtk r m. farmer, grain grower
3 kz m. kshrj m.
4 kz m. wish, desire kshghr m Kashghar
kzmk space, cosmic cosmic rays kshf Arabic 1.1 discovering, detecting; studying,
kzmn 1 famished, starved 2 desiring, wanting researching sound-detecting 1.2 curious, inquisitive
proverb a hungry man is glad for a dry crust 2 m. [plural: kshif n and Arabic kshifn]
kzmogrf f. cosmography investigator, researcher; explorer
559
k shke Western interjection oh, if only, even if 1

kf Arabic indeclinable 1 sufficient, enough 2 sufficiently,
kshw z 1 garrulous, boastful 2 disorderly enough
kshwz f. 1 bragging, boasting 2 disorder 2
kf f. cafe, coffee-house
kshgha f. 1
kk m. 1 small loaf of sweet bread (which is baked in honor
ksh m. [plural: kshikr f.] tiles; glazed tile; of the birth of a son for distribution to children) 2 dialect flat cake
glazed brick (baked on a hot stone)
kshigr m. worker who makes tiles; glazer 2
kk m. cork, stopper
kshigar f. manufacture of tiles, of glazed tile; kk m. 1 uncle (father's brother) 2 uncle (addressing an
manufacture of glazed brick elderly man)
kshn m. [plural: kshinna and kshin n] kkdzh m. regional
1 large earthenware washtub; trough kneading kkw f. cocoa
trough 2 glazed plates and dishes kk 1 m. plural, also kka n Kakars (a tribe) 2 m. a
kzm m. Arabic proper noun Kazim Kakar (a member of the Kakar tribe)
1 kgh m. cawing (of a raven, crow) kkaist n m. region where the Kakars settled
2 kgh 1 wise; sagacious, perspicacious 2 clever, bright kka attributive Kakar the Kakar breed of
kgh n m. plural Kaghan (region in northwest Pakistan) sheep
kghtb m. 1 wisdom; foresight, prescience 2 cleverness kkha f. large net (for carrying straw)
kghz, kghz m. [plural: kghazna and Arabic kkah f. carrying of straw in a large net
kghaz t] 1 paper clean sheet of paper kkk m.
regional stamped paper waste paper kkksh m. corkscrew
a white paper b sheet of white paper c blank form, kkl m. 1 forelock; lock, curl, ringlet 2 (small) crest (of
form bag Western to birds)
write on paper 2 letter; note compound verb to write a kkndzh m, plural 1 millet 2 green bristle grass; Italian
letter 3 paper, document divorce certificate 4 plural millet, foxtail millet
and mail, correspondence; papers kk m. diminutive uncle
kghazb d m. kite kkut m. plural botany ziziphora, Ziziphora
kghazdn f. basket (for papers), wastepaper basket chinopodioides
to throw onto the trash heap kko f. botany colocynth, bitter apple
kghaz 1 paper, out of paper banknote 2 thin- 1 kkj f. aunt (uncle's wife)
skinned, having a thin skin or shell 3 figurative fictitious 2 kkj f. beetle
kghm f. kind of woolen fabric reversible rug 1 kgl m. plaster for walls (made out of straw and clay)
kghw laj m. compound verb to plaster (walls)
k gha f. crow 2 kgl transitive Eastern 2
kghj f. jackdaw 1 kg Eastern 1
kfr, kpr Arabic [plural: kuff r] 1.1 m. infidel 1.2 2 kg m. plural Eastern
kafir, infidel, unbeliever; native or resident of Nuristan before they 1 kl m. [plural: kalna and Eastern klna]
converted to Islam 2 figurative evil, fierce, cruel witch year last year the year before last
kfirist n m. history the land of the infidels; Kafiristan three years ago this year next year
(present-day Nuristan) leap year lunar year
kfirkj m. despicable kafir, contemptible infidel solar year fiscal year the hijra
kfirgl m. sunflower year annually from year to year
1 kfir 1 m. plural Kafirs (peoples inhabiting Nuristan and per year all year a one-year-old
Chitral) 2 f. Kafir, Kafir language baby for many years already
2 kfirj m. 1 long-standing concern
kfr m. plural camphor 2 kl m. thorny fence, barbed fence
kfur 1 camphor 2 figurative white, gray (of hair) kl m. regional native (of a native of India)
kf f. kf m. plural coffee compound verb 1 klbr m. military caliber
to make coffee 2 klbr bearing fruit every other year
560
klbt m. body; figure idiom to be klap i f. plural 1 name of a forest in the land of the
dumbfounded; be bewildered Khattaks 2 area teaming with game
klts m. klj m. [plural: kl] 1 usually plural clothing, dress;
k ldzh m. college underwear warm clothing swimsuit
klkhw h m. klkhw 1 patron 2 steward, estate evening dress bed linen
manager; manager wardrobe compound verb to get dressed
klkhwh f. clothes compound verb to get undressed
klkhw j plenipotentiary; competent, enjoying full rights compound verb to make a dress compound
klkhwj m. dialect verb a to make a dress b to buy a dress 2 regional decoration;
klkhw f. 1 power, authority compound jewel(ry) 3 regional tool, instrument; implement 4 regional
verb to exercise power, exercise authority to possess household utensils, goods and chattels 5 thing
power, have authority compound verb to grant goods saying to be beside oneself
power, give authority; authorize, empower 2 management, with joy compound verb to gather up one's things,
superintendence 3 will pack up one's things, depart, leave, go away
klr m. collar klbr m. 1
klk m. 1 unripe fruit, green fruit 2 boll (of the cotton plant) kledl intransitive
klakach m. plural Western guza-paya (dry cotton-plant klza f. anniversary celebration of
stems) the anniversary of independence birthday
klkunj m. 1 dastambul (a small-fruited, sweet-smelling kl-ml m. plural things, household goods and chattels
musk-melon) 2 regional wild field melon, Cucumis klimnt n m. Kalimantan (island)
madraspatanus kljo oblique plural of
klkch 1.1 bend, curve, winding 1.2 turn 1.3 1 km m.
figurative ruse, trick, subterfuge, cunning, stratagem 2 km m. palate
compound verb a to bend, wind b to turn c figurative to use 3 km m. desire, will
cunning, be crafty; be shifty, dodge 2 figurative clever, sly, km f. Kama (river)
cunning, crafty kmbraj m. 1 stalks of colza (remaining after threshing) 2
klkochka f. 1 sharp turn 2 loop (made by a chopped corn-stalks
wild animal that is being pursued) 3 figurative ruse, trick, kmbel f. regional botany Rottlera tinctoria (a dye plant)
cunning, resourcefulness 4 plural klkochke Eastern kmp m. camp military camp
bends, curves, windings kmcha f. little finger, pinkie
klkochn 1.1 sly, clever, adroit, dodgy, resourceful 1.2 kmchatk f. Kamchatka
twisting, winding 2 m. sly one, cunning one, dodger kmkhr m. predatory fish
klkcha f. Eastern kmr n 1 fortunate; successful, prosperous 2 m. proper
klkchaj noun Kamran
klkundj m. kmrn f. good fortune to succeed, prosper
klka f. boll (of the cotton plant) cotton plant kmr, kmer f. chamber, cell, room camera
1 klanj yearly, annual kml Arabic 1.1 full, exhaustive, comprehensive; complete
2 klanj 1 feminine singular of 1 2 f. annual, yearbook complete trust 1.2 perfect, superlative 1.3 well-
k lo oblique plural of 1 informed, well-versed; learned 2 proper noun Kamil
kl oblique plural of kmln Arabic completely; absolutely, quite; fully; wholly
klor f. calorie kmiltb m. kmilw laj m. 1 fullness,
klusr 1 all year, the entire year, the year round 2 in a year, comprehensiveness; completeness 2 perfection, superiority 3
per year, for a year knowledge
kl oblique singular of household
1 1
kmilawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
belongings home, homeward outside the end, finish, complete 2 to make perfect, perfect, bring to
house inside the house perfection
2 k la short form plural and oblique singular of 1 kmil f. proper noun Kamila
for ten years for a year kmilijt m. Arabic 1 fullness; completeness 2 integrity,
klab gh m. Kalabagh (northwestern Pakistan) territorial integrity
561
kmiledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to 1

k ndi dialect present tense singular and plural of 7
be ended, be finished, be completed 2 to be perfected, achieve instead of 3
perfection 2
k ndi dialect instead of 9 ! Please God!
kmnk m 1 without fail, certainly 2 willy-nilly 3
kndj m. wooden bin; corncrib
1 km f. Kama (region in eastern Afghanistan) 4
kndj f. spoon
2 k mm f. comma 5
k nde present tense second person of 7
kmaw l m. resident of Kama kndd m. candidate compound verb to
1 km nominate candidates
2 kmm plural of 2 kndidawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
kmj b 1 successful, enjoying success; good nominate as a candidate
successfully 2 prospering, successful compound verb kn l m. crock
;compound verb knla f. species of plant with edible rhizomes
kmjbn 1 2 successfully, well knjt f. singular & plural colostrum(s)
kmjbawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to knj l m. botany 1 agriophyllum 2 tumbleweed
make successful, make prosperous knzjnman m. parcel, consignment, lot (of goods)
kmjb f. [plural: kmjbj and knsrt m. concert
kmjbig ni] 1 success; achievement successfully knsrw m. canned food canned fruit
to make progress 2 victory k nsnen m. consonant sound
kmjbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to knghuzk m. dung beetle
achieve success, prosper, have success to reach a knfir ns m. 1 conference 2 lecture
goal, achieve that which was desired knflr m. plural potato flour
He is successful in whatever he undertakes. knkr m. singular & plural
kmern m. Cameroon knkrt m. long-tailed eagle
1 kn m. 1 mine, shaft, pit lead mine gold k nkr m. plural concrete concrete
mine miners ministry of mining 2 mixer
deposit(s), bed, layer 3 ore 4 figurative well, fount knkrirez f. concreting, laying concrete
2 kn m. rush (a grass-like plant) knkriawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
3 kn f. tumor or swelling on the palate (in horses) to concrete, lay concrete, cover with concrete
knd f. &m. knk faded, withered
knd kn kannkaj m. miner
kn f. &m. Canada knkr m. competition to announce a
kn 1 Canadian 2 m. a Canadian competition
knr the Canary Islands kngr m. gravel (beaten into a compact mass)
kn l m. canal the Suez Canal k ngrs m. congress the Indian National
knpezh nd m. kn pezhandnkaj m. Congress
geologist knglomer t m. conglomerate
k ntr m. contour, outline kng f. 2
kntn m. snack bar k nga f. [usually plural 1 k ngi] 1 Western vomiting,
kn r m. toad retching compound verb to vomit, throw up
1 kn f. broom compound verb to sweep, sweep He vomited. 2 Eastern colic
up compound verb to be swept, be swept up kngj f. echo compound verb to reflect sound
2 kn f. regional fork (table) compound verb to echo, repeat, be reflected (of a
knj f. saddle-tree sound)
kndzhr m. person suffering from a nervous tic knwnsjn m. convention
kndzh m. wooden axle (of a water-lifting wheel) 1 knn m. 1 hearth, oven 2 focus, center
knduktr m. conductor, bandmaster 2 knn m. canon (a plucked-string musical instrument)
k ndm first person of 7 instead of 2 knwnshn m.
k nda imperative, imperfective of 7 instead of 2 1 kn f. misfortune; calamity, disaster; trouble
! Do what you want! What's happened to you?
562
2
k na f. 1 edge, edging, border 2 wing feather, wing quill kikum m. kigurm m. Kaniguram (city in
3
kn 1 dull; stupid; ignorant 2 rotten, rotten throughout, Waziristan) saying to get lost, vanish into thin
rotten to the core air
4 kn f. imperfect of kw k 1 shallow, hollow, good-for-nothing, useless
5 kn m. plural digging to talk nonsense
6 k na 5 compound verb to mumble, hem and haw 2 clumsy 3 senseless
k na-w na f. 1 questions 2 altercation, wrangling, 4 careless, imprudent
squabbling compound verb a to question b to kuchk m. plural rubber
wrangle, squabble; argue, dispute kuchuk rubber
1 kn mineral; ore, mine mineral resources kwch f. cot
mining region exploitation (of ore) kw m. anger, fury
2 kn 1 dexterous, deft, adroit; skillful, skilled 2 accurate (of kwa m. angry man
a marksman) kwaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
3
knj one-eyed, blind in one eye become angry, be angry, grow furious
4
knj f. 1 straw; blade of grass; thin reed 2 trifle kwsh m. 1 digging 2 enmity; quarrel
5
knj f. side whiskers kw m.
6
knj f. textiles reed (of a loom) 1 kw f.
7
knj f. file 2 kw m. plural making, doing
8
knj f. 1 needle case (made from the stem of bird feather) 3 kw imperfect of 7
2 reed, rush kwj dialect imperfect of 7 instead of 3
9 kn or else, or, otherwise 1 kh f. 1 itch 2 medicine pruritus to itch
k ne-w ne f. plural Eastern argument; quarrel; 2 kh m. plural straw
altercation khbr m. sack needle
1 k m. tree of the oak family khrez f. wild safflower
2 k m. khht m. 1 itch 2 medicine pruritus 3 gnashing one's
k w m. blacksmith's tool teeth (from anger) 4 swearing
kn khgl m. 1
1 k a f. cluster of cattail 1 khl Arabic 1 lazy, sluggish, languid 2 inert, stagnant
2 k m. plural and oblique singular of 2 Pacific Ocean
1 k aj m. 1 stone, rock; pebbles limestone 2 khl intransitive [past: ] to itch
whetstone quarry landslide (in khil f. 1 laziness; sluggishness; languor 2 inertness
the mountains) saying Eastern This didn't khn m. Arabic 1 astrologer 2 soothsayer 3 high priest (the
have any affect on him; like water off a duck's back; (literally: a high priest of the ancient Hebrews)
leech doesn't stick to a stone) compound verb history khin f. 1 astrology 2 soothsaying
to lay down a stone as a sign of an armistice and peace kh m. lettuce salad bowl
compound verb history to take up a stone to signify that peace has kh m. khj f. gutter; ditch; ravine
been broken and military actions are being resumed 2 precious k'in t Arabic 1 m. plural the cosmos, the universe 2 m.
stone 3 weight a weight corner-stone plural nature Man is the master of nature. 3
an implacable and stern person a stubborn person m. character; nature in one's heart
a to be very stingy b to become hardened, become k'int 1 cosmic, space, universe 2 natural
callous kjna f. vengeance, revenge
2 kj imperative plural of 7 in place of kj deep sea
kik m. stonemason 1 kab m. 1 [plural: kabna and Western kab n]
kdz, kdz kz, kz 1 stony, rocky fish small fry 2 astronomy Pisces (the constellation) 3
stony soil 2 severe; cruel ;saying to find a needed thing
k ikp m. 1 boulder 2 craftsman who makes 2 kub m. abdominal part of an animal carcass; smoked sturgeon
millstones 3 children's game belly
k i-kawdi m. plural furniture, household goods kab f. share of the bride money received by the bride's uncle
563
kab b m. kebab, roast skewer kebab 1 kaboj m. juice of the sugar cane
roast compound verb ;compound 2 kabaj m. muscle
verb kabl m. thank-you gift
kabbawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 1 kab f. rein; halter; bridle
roast (meat, wild game); to make shashlik 2 figurative to torment, 2 kubj humpbacked, hunchbacked
harass 3 kubj f. 2
kabb m. 1 kebab shop 2 one who prepares kebab dishes for kabr Arabic great, big, large; safr-i ambassador
customers of a kebab shop 1 kabir f. pattern (for cutting out the uppers of shoes)
kabbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to 2 kabir f. grave sin
be roasted (of meat, wild game) 2 figurative to be tormented, be kabis f. Arabic leap year leap year
harassed kabn m. booth, cab, cabin
kab p m. dialect 1 kap m. shaking, quivering; trembling, shuddering
kab a f. regional junk, old things men's old 2 kap m. piece, slice, bit (of food) compound
clothes shop verb to bite off to find subsistence
kabj f. chapan (men's outerwear in the form of a robe with 3 kap m. cuff
quilted wadding) 4 kap m. cup (as a prize) silver cup
kabl f. kipt n m.
kaba f. name of a game kapitalzm m.
1 kibr, kbr m. Arabic pride, arrogance, insolence, haughtiness kapitalst m.
2 kabr m. kapitalist
kibrdzhn, kbrdzhn proud, arrogant, haughty, kapitalsm m.
presumptuous kip n m. 1 captain (of a ship) ship's captain 2
kabrd gh m. roast meat (cured or preserved) aircraft commander
kibrzhn 1 kapr m. uneven place, rough spot
kabrgh n m. kabrghj m. 1 marmot 2 kind of 2 kupr m.
green vegetable 3 kapr m. rope made of the fibers of the date palm
kabrknaj m. gravedigger kapr f.
kbra f. capers (the shrub) kapark m. 1 thin ice 2 alluvial clay, silt
kubar Arabic 1 feminine of 2 kubr feminine of kapar f. kaprj, kaparj, kuprj f. 1

kab m. tethering post, hitching rail kuprl m. tile, tiling tile
kabk, kawk m. keklik (mountain partridge) kbk- tile factory
i, kwk-i ular, mountain turkey 1
kap m. 1 thick rope made from cotton; cable 2 tethering
1
kabl m. reason, cause for this reason rail, hitching post
because of this that's why 2 kap m. things, stuff, household goods
2
kabl m. singular & plural 1 Bermuda grass, Cynodon 2 3 kap m. piece of meat, slice of meat
regional bent grass, Agrostis linearis kap f. regional
kabalkaj m. regional 2 2 kapakj m. small tent
kabalz r m. lawn; meadow kap f. regional 1 fabric, material 2 clothing
kablawl transitive outer clothes compound verb to get undressed,
1 kabla f. 2 1 undress compound verb to change clothes
2 kabla oblique singular of 1 kapaj
1 kablj m. 1 fawn of a deer 2 sheepskin coat 1 kapj m. shard, broken dish (used as a drinking bowl for
2 kablj m. curlew; snipe birds, etc.)
kabledl intransitive 2 kupj f. small wineskin
kab niwl m. plural fishing 3 kapaj f. wrestling
kabniwnaj m. fisherman kapaj cloth, calico (of a book cover)
kabwl m. fishmonger, fish merchant kaps m. colloquial
kabudch f. kabudcha (variety of caraculs) kapsl m. medicine capsule
kaba f. 1 juice; sweet syrup 2 jelly
564
kapla f. 1 little piece 2 sip compound verb to kat j conditional of 1

swallow, gulp; eat; eat with gusto 1
kutb m. plural Arabic of
kapn m. 2
katb m. Arabic 1 frame of a camel saddle 2 bag strap,
kapankh m. 1 thief who steals shrouds 2 scoundrel pouch cord
kapanawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to cover kutubkhn f. library; book depository
with a shroud, put a shroud over kitb Arabic 1 written 2 bookish
kapj, kapaj f. 1 trembling; cramp, convulsion 2 spasm katr f. small piece, little chunk small piece of
compound verb a to be nervous, be meat in small pieces
agitated b to have a strong desire c to have hatred for someone; 1 kutrj m. 1
hate somebody 2 katrj shunning
1
kap f. 1 medicine powder compound verb to lick katrink m. scamp; loafer, good-for-nothing
up powder from the palm of the hand 2 pinch of snuff katgh m. 1 food; hearty food sweet food 2 ragout
2 kap f. tray (for fruit) katghalj m. felt blanket for a bullock
3 kpa f. hunk, chunk, piece kattaghn m.
4 kap f. hut; hovel, shack katk m. 1 land that yields a good wheat harvest 2 regional
1 kap f. 2 katak (the seventh month of the Indian calendar in which maize
2 kupj f. 1 small wineskin 2 powder flask ripens)
3 kapj f. shoe; shoes katkt m. cackle, cackling compound verb to
kapjkhulj m. (small) cuff cackle
kapedl intransitive [past: ] to shiver, tremble; start, katktaj m. anatomy manypiles, omasum, third stomach (one
flinch of the divisions of the stomach in ruminants)
kap m. crocodile 1
katl 1 transitive [present: past: , in an
1
kat 1 m. fold, crease, pleat with folds 2 objectless sentence or ] .1 to look, watch;
predicative folded 1 perceive, see to look back at, glance behind
kat m. 1 pile, heap 2 stock, supply, reserve
2
We exchanged glances. to view, examine
3 kat m. plural catechu (extract used in tanning) to examine closely to scowl (at)
kit b m. Arabic [plural: kitbna and Arabic compound verb to watch with ill-will 1.2 to examine, view,
kutb] book textbook scan The doctor examined the patient. 1.3 to
kitbt m. Arabic 1 the job of a clerk, position of a secretary meet, see one another I saw Ahmed. to
to be appointed secretary 2 business meet, see one another 1.4 to look over, look through; read through
correspondence, clerical work business He looked through the book. 1.5 to consider (an
correspondence issue, a question) 1.6 to study 1.7 to look for
kitbch f. 1 notebook, exercise book 2 booklet, brochure What is he looking for? 1.8 to wait (for), await, expect
notebook; diary They are waiting for you. I am awaiting your
kitbkhn f. 1 library; book depository 2 publishing answer. 1.9 to pay attention to something; take account of, take
house 3 book trade something into consideration He didn't take
kit b khartsawnkaj m. bookseller account of anyone. 1.10 to observe 2 m. plural
kitbd r m. librarian saying to be respectful towards someone
kitbdr f. librarianship to show love for children
kitbfursh m. bookseller 2 kutl transitive 4
kitbfurush f. 1 book trade 2 row of book stalls (at a katl k m. catalog
street market) katl j conditional of 1
kitbgaj m. booklet, brochure katalm t m. end of a battle, conclusion of combat
kitb f. Arabic inscription; epitaph katlam f. flaky fried flatbread
kitb 1 bookish 2 written 3 well-read, educated kutl f. Arabic mass, masses the common people
kt r m. 1 ;avenue 2 queue, line katm m. kitm n m. Arabic concealing keeping
kitr f. 1 parapet 2 pale, fencing, palisade 3 grave marker a secret
kat n m. plural Arabic 1 linen 2 flax linen fiber katmand m. Katmandu
katn 1 linen; flaxen linen fabrics 2 light brown katndzj m. out-patient clinic, dispensary
565
katna f. 1 considering, examining 2 inspection, examination 3

ka m. black pigment, black dye (made from pomegranate
(e.g., of a patient) 3 point of view, opinion, view 4 meeting, rinds)
appointment; interview 5 examining, looking through; reading 4
ka 1 big, large 2 thick; fat 3 strong idiom to
through 6 examination, consideration (of a question, issue) 7 gaze fixedly at, to stare at 1
study 8 waiting, expectation 9 verification, check-up 10 5

k compound verb to laugh loudly, laugh
checking up on, monitoring 11 attention to boisterously
pay attention to something, turn one's attention to something 12 ku f. loud laughter, boisterous laughter
remark, observation, reproof to rebuke, to reprove k r m. kind of needlework
13 survey, review; press review 14 medicine 1 k r m. hopscotch
analysis blood analysis 2 k r stubborn, obstinate

katna-lidna f. meeting becoming 1 kr f. dagger, poniard (with a three-edged blade)
acquainted with the future bride becoming acquainted idiom He was suffering from love.
1 kat oblique plural of 1 2 k ra f. cow that will not allow itself to be milked
2 kat Eastern imperative of 1 instead of 5 3 kar f.
I was reading the newspaper. kredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
katdzj m. 1 spectacle, show, performance 2 out-patient obstinate (of a cow)
clinic, dispensary kulj f. smelting crucible, melting pot
katawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to fold k w m.
katn m. regional 1 examination 2 awaiting, expecting 3 kab m. craftsman who weaves rope netting for beds
inspection kab m. vegetable fiber used in bed netting
katndzj m. doctor's consulting room kapaj m. rope by which a bed is held together
katnkaj 1 present participle of 1 2 m. .1 reader 2.2 kapz m. muzzle (e.g., for a dog)
observer, commentator political observer 2.3 kar m. plural Katar (a people living in the vicinity of Attack)
inspector, ticket-taker kurkaj m. foal of an ass
katunw l m. chief inspector, head of the inspection board kk m. 1 kkj loud laughter, boisterous laughter
1 kta f. packsaddle to laugh loudly, laugh boisterously
2 kat f. imperfect of 1 to laugh loudly, laugh uproariously
3 kta regional 2 kakj m. kagj m. 1 stool 2 small bed
1 kti plural of 1 kal g m. catalog
2 katj Eastern ! Let's see! kaml f. silver necklace, gold necklace
3 katj m. measure for milk kam km exactly, precisely
4 kutj f. This man closely resembles your brother.
5 kat f. plural imperfect of 1 kaml m. bug
katib f. Arabic frieze with inscription kamra f. jackknife
kti-pti f. plural nonsense, tommyrot kamraj m. baby dove, baby pigeon
compound verb to talk nonsense, talk rot, talk through one's hat
kaw f. clay cooking pot
to chatter saying My cup of patience has overflowed, I am exasperated
1 katedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
kaaw z m. Katawaz (region in southern Afghanistan)
folded
history the Katawaz-Urgun areas
2 ktedl intransitive [past: ] to cackle kaw
kutil'l m. kakaj m. cradle
1 ka m. cot, bed sleepwear bedspread kar m. hen-pecked husband
to go to bed compound verb to take to one's kaorj, kuorj m. [plural: kaor, kuor and Western
bed, become ill
kaor n, kuorj n] 1 bowl, chalice; cup, teacup 2 mug,
2
ka m. 1 deduction, withholding (from wages) 2 exclusion
tankard
(from a list) compound verb a to deduct, withhold (from
kw m. article of trade corresponding to an order or price list
wages) b to exclude (from a list) compound verb a to
kahaj m. trivet (for a kettle, pot, cauldron)
be deducted, be withheld (from wages) b be excluded (from a list)
566
kawl transitive [past: ] 1 to send on a trip, send

1
kasf t m. plural Arabic mud, dirt, sewage
(someone somewhere) 2 to drive (a herd) 3 to frighten, drive kasft m. Arabic 1 density, thickness
away (wasps, etc.) population density 2 weight, heaviness, onerousness 3
2
kaawl denominative, transitive [past: ] regional to fullness; portliness
cross out compound verb to remove from a list kasrt m. Arabic 1 numerical strength, great number,
kaol f. bride's palanquin abundance, plenty overpopulation 2 majority
ka-u-m majority of votes 3 frequency, frequent use 4 habit,
1 kawa custom
2 kaw f. projecting tip of a turban kasr Arabic 1 many, numerous 2 abundant, plentiful, copious
kawj f. 1 earthenware pot 2 pot, saucepan 3 frequent, frequently used
saying everyone has his own concerns (literally: kasir-ul-intish r large-circulation a
everywhere there's a fire burning and on it there's a pot) large-circulation newspaper
saying the disturbance came to an end kasf Arabic 1 dirty, slovenly; soiled, contaminated 2 physics
kawjts m. sponger, hanger-on, parasite dense
1 ka m. kasifawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to soil,
2 ku m. 4 contaminate
3 ka 1 large, big thumb 2 bass string kasifedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
kah r m. 1 (loud) laughter 2 cry of the partridge soiled, be contaminated The air is polluted.
ka bz m. goshawk kadzh crooked, curved, bent
kaapsh m. flick, fillip to give (someone) a 1 kadzhw f. bubbles (on the surface of water)
fillip 2 kadzhw f. 1 seat (on a camel's back, for a bride) 2
ka chrga f. hen that has stopped laying motorcycle sidecar
ka gta f. Eastern thumb 1
kadzhw plural of 2 1
ka ma f. 2
kudzh we f. plural compound verb to prate, talk
kaamhr kaamr 1 wicked, malicious, bad, evil 2 nonsense
cruel, severe, harsh, stern kadzhbraj m. ripple-seed plantain, Plantago major
kaamerj disobedient, refractory, naughty 1 kadzhk m. 1 curls, ringlets of hair on the forehead 2 cock,
1 ki m. plural bean stalks (of mung beans, etc., which go into cocking piece (of a firearm) 3 iron hook (at the end of a goad) 4
cattle feed) late cucumber 5 part of a water-powered mill
2
kaj m. 1 buffalo calf, young buffalo 2 baby elephant 2 kadzhk m. regionalism name of a bird
3
kaj m. stick used to measure milk kadzhkl m. epileptic
4
kaj f. 1 kadzhkj m. 1 lower jaw, mandible 2 small pond, small
5
kaj feminine of 1 spring (by the roadside)
6
ke, ke shout by which people drive away hens, young
2 kadzhakj m. Kadzhakai (a region, formerly Zamindawar)
donkeys, etc. compound verb a to drive away, shoo
the Kajakai Dam
(hens, donkey colts, etc.) b figurative to fire someone, give
kadzhl m. plural 1 antimony, stibium 2 eye makeup (similar
to mascara) 3 soot that is added to antimony
someone the sack; turn someone out
kedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to set out on a journey,
kadzhal penciled with antimony, darkened with stibium
start out on a trip 2 to roam from place to place, lead the life of a
eyes made up with stibium jet-black hair
nomad 3 to fly away, scatter (of wasps, etc.)
kadzhlch m. turn (in a road); bend, curve
kedna f. 1 setting out on a trip 2 roaming, leading a

kadzhmoz f. plural boots with turned-up toecaps
nomadic life 3 flying away, scattering (of a swarm of wasps, etc.)
kadzhw laj m. curvature
kr m. 1 collective work, help, assistance 2 cartel, peasants'
kadzhr m. kind of maize
cooperative, workers' cooperative
kadzhra f. 1 date date palm (the tree) 2 date
palm grove of date palms
kaerj f. small saucepan (for melting butter)
kadzhukl kadzhukn sinuous, winding, twisting,
kak m. kakaj m. currier, tanner
meandering
kaejl transitive [past: ] 1 to shear (e.g., sheep) 2
kadzh five-year-old, through the fifth year (of a bull)
to cut too short, shear too short 3 to cut branches, prune branches
567
1
kadzhj 1 bowlegged, bandy-legged 2 m. troublemaker, kacht 1 low, mean, base, vile 2 stingy, miserly, greedy
seditionist kuchuw laj m. 1 childhood 2 small quantity,
2 kadzhj f. pin, peg (of a plowshare) insignificance, negligibility
1 kadzhr m. black griffon (vulture) 1
kuchaj, kchaj 1 small, little 2 m. youngster, lad,
2 kadzhr m. tumor on the neck (young) boy
3 kadzhr beautiful, pretty 2 kuche 1 feminine singular of 1 2 f. girl, young girl
kadzhn m. plural 1 silk waste 2 heavy thread (for sewing 1 kachawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to try
blankets, quilts) on (e.g., clothes) 2 to measure (area); to carry out a land survey 3
1
kuch m. plural butter to fix boundaries, establish boundaries
2
kach m. regional 1 measure, size compound verb 2 kchl m. low and flat dish
1
2 unit of length equal to 28 inches or 0.71 meters 3 kachl
kach m. shortcoming, defect
3 kachol f. 1 nuxvomica, poison nut (yields strychnine) 2
4 kch short, undersized, dwarfish, shortish datura, thorn apple
5 kach m. regional glass kuch-u-lj m. the old and the young
kachj f. institution, office kachawna f. 1 trying on (e.g., clothes) 2 measuring (an
kachl m. [plural: kachlug n and kachl n] area); land survey 3 fixing boundaries, establishing boundaries
potatoes 1
kcha f. Western size, measure compound verb to
kuchtb m. childhood take (someone's) measurements (e.g., for clothes)
kachr m. [plural: kachr] mule 2
kach 1 unripe, green; raw 2 unprocessed hides
kacharwl m. muleteer, muleskinner 3 dirt, unpaved (of a road) 4 rammed-earth (of a house) 5 adobe
1 kachra, kachra f. 1 mule 2 regional lewd lady, depraved adobe brick 6 undeveloped, backward, stupid;
woman compound verb to play a dirty trick on immature 7 inexperienced novice 8 ashamed
someone compound verb to shame, put to shame, make ashamed of
2 kachr mixed, intermixed compound verb to be ashamed; be confused, be embarrassed
3 kchr f. regional unripe melon to be ashamed (of) 9 of low breed, of inferior
1 kichr m. plural kasha, porridge; ragout with rice and beans breed 10 insignificant, negligible 11 timid, shy, bashful
2 kachrj f. unripe melon 3
kcha cry used to drive away goats compound verb
3 kachr f. copper coin to drive away (goats)
kachi m. plural cry of a partridge; cackling 4 kcha f.
compound verb to cackle kachhr m. regional
kachks f. bucket (for pouring syrup when making sugar kcha gta, kcha gwta f. little finger, pinkie
from cane) kachalng m. name of a disease
kuch kch cry by which people call a dog 1 kuch m. plural butter
kachkl m. cup for collecting hand-outs (among the Dervish) 2 kuchj m. foal of a donkey
kachkolk m. kachkla f. shell (e.g., of a 3 kachj bowlegged
pistachio) 4 kche 3
kachgr m. land surveyor kachre if, in the case of something; in the event of
kachl bowlegged something, in the event that
kachmch m. deadly nightshade, Solanum nigrum kadzr bald; balding
kuchn oblique plural of 2 kdzli m. plural brushwood, dry branches
kuchnaj m. kadz, kadz m. blanket
1 kuchnj 1 small, little non-commissioned 1 kats m. 1 bottomland, flood-plain of a river 2 tugai
officer the tenth month of the lunar year 2 m. child, (vegetation-covered bottomland), tugai forest 3 used in
baby, youngster children, youngsters geographical names the Kadzhuri Valley
infant mortality 2
kats m. 1 fabric from which children's caps a sewn 2 piece of
2 kachanj f. 1 prostitute 2 female dancer cloth that is sewn to the back of the collar of a woman's dress
kuchnitb m. kuchniw la kuchniw laj 3 kats m. ceiling
f. childhood katskhwl m. bran
kachw laj m. meanness, baseness, vile action
568
katskhwla f. 1 cloth cap 2 regional cap with earflaps kaub r m. loading up belongings (among nomads)
katskj m. foal of a donkey kaaj m. medicine cup
katsla f. manure pile, dunghill 1 ka f. 1 family (among the nomads) 2 nomad's wife 3
katsmtsj m. whisper, whispering compound nomad's camp compound verb a to roam, lead a nomadic
verb to whisper life b to start a family, get married c to move from place to place,
katsa f. 1 bag, purse pocket money 2 sack lead a nomadic life, resettle a to have a family, move from
swim bladder place to place with the family b to be nomad to be a
katswk m. chicken pox sick with chicken pox nomad with a family I moved here
katsj f. 1 from Swat. 4 regional furniture; household goods and utensils
kohl m. plural Arabic antimony, stibium 2 ka f. pit, hole; dimple
kkh naughty, bad (when talking to children) kahl, kahl, kahl m 1 pit, hole 2 pit filled with water
kakhaj m. name of a star 3 ground prepared for planting rice
kokhkraj m. kaawl
kkhj m. 1 helminth, intestinal worm 2 swarm of midges 1 ki plural of 1
kudlj f. hoe compound verb to hoe 2 kaj m. 1 hollow space under a weaver's loom (where the
1 kad j m. street clothes; long dressing gown, robe weaver puts his feet) 2 pit; ditch
2 kad j m. kind of frog 3 kaj f. loom
kadkhud m. village elder, village headman; the head of a kazz b m. Arabic liar
family
kazb m. Arabic lie, falsehood
kadkhudj f. job of village elder 1 kar 1 m. sowing, planting beet raising
kadr Arabic 1 not transparent, opaque, cloudy, turbid 2 m. .1
arable land compound verb to sow, plant 2 field
turbidity, cloudiness 2.2 grief, sorrow, woe, sadness
wheat field
kad m. [plural: kadu n] pumpkin summer
2
kr m. 1 squeak, crackle, crack 2 onomatopeia the sound of
squash
cloth being ripped
kaduch f. vegetable marrow, summer squash
3 kr m. runny bowel movements, liquid feces
kudurt m. Arabic 1 confusion, embarrassment 2
4 kar deaf
unpleasantness, grief, distress to cause
5 kr regional adverb-forming suffix especially
unpleasantness, grief, distress
1 kar f.
kaduzaj m. pumpkin seed 2 kir f.
kadusraj m. blockhead, dolt, dunderhead kur b m.
kadukwsh m. meaningless work kar t m. plural Arabic of 1
to beat the air krch m. clump or clod of earth
kadugk m. medicine cupping glass to apply 1 karch f.
a cupping glass
2 karch f. Karachi Karachi Bay
kab m. [plural: kabn] kabanj m. nomad 3 karchj f. 1 karch f. 1 two-wheeled cart
kagh laj m. kal f. kul kala f. 1 cabin, shafts 2 wheelbarrow wheelbarrow
shack, hut (made of cane or grass) 2 henhouse (made of cane or
karchir n m. karchiw n m. carter, drayman
grass)
kar r 2 a gradually b slowly, quietly, calmly
kan with the family, family, having a family He
karrw laj m.
came with his family.
karrawl transitive
ka m. [plural: kau n] 1 pumpkin 2 ; 1 kar r f. comb, currycomb compound verb to
idiom to drive (someone) out of his mind clean a horse with a currycomb
compound verb a to go out of one's mind, lose one's wits 2 kar ra 1 feminine singular of 2 f. peace, tranquility
b to be a fool, be an idiot idiom to carry on a
a quietly, calmly b gradually, not all at once
pointless argument
1 karr f. 1
kaw l kawl 1.1 family, having a family 1.2 2 kar ri f. plural of
roaming, nomadic 2 m. .1 nomad 2.2 family man, man who has kr literally & figuratively hard, strong; rigid
a family krk m. salted cheese
569
kr a f. 1 ayran (a kind of yogurt drink) 2 kurut (dried balls karb shining black, gleaming black
of fermented milk or milk curds) 3 pebble; rocky soil karbuk m.
karj f. mushroom karbska f. cotton
krz m. molting (of birds) karbsh m. marmot
kr zi f. plural lying words, lies karbk m.
krg nd with a deteriorated state of health karbal f. Arabic Karbala
krgndtj
f. krgndw
laj m. 1 tension, karbok m. karbaj m. agama (lizard)
tenseness 2 feeling of discontent, feeling of dissatisfaction; state karbush m. marmot
of depression karbolk carbolic, phenolic carbon dioxide
kr gnda
dissatisfied karbn m. carbon
kr spa f. means of fastening a pack karb 1 bowlegged 2 m. rogue, swindler, cheat
kr sta f. thick felt, felting to lose all karbezn snotty
trust, loss all confidence karbzi f. plural snot, mucus
krstagr m. fuller who makes thick felt or felting karbijin Caribbean Sea
krsnoj rsk m. Krasnoyarsk krap m. 1 champing, chewing; ruminating 2 crunch, crackle
krgh with sunken eyes krp f.
karksh karkh 1 pack (of a horse) 2 m. carter, karp l m. talker, chatterbox, windbag, gasbag, babbler
drayman, driver karp laj m. clay that has dried out and become cracked after a
krkna 1 limp, flabby, weak, infirm, feeble; with mud-flow
undermined health 2 impatient kirp n m. dagger
kir m m. plural Arabic [singular 1] all merciful karpatw f. well bucket
the higher clergy who have been posthumously canonized karpa f.
karmt m. Arabic 1 miraculous power, miracle 2 karpla f. kind of green vegetable
generosity, mercy krapandkaj m. cartilage, gristle
karmat marvelous, miraculous, wonder-working krapandj 1 m. .1 cartilage, gristle 1.2 crunch, crackle 2
kar n-kar n m. regional croaking, cawing crunchy, crackly crunchy pastry
compound verb to croak, caw krapawl transitive [past: ] 1 to eat noisily, eat with
karn f. edge, limit to avoid, steer clear a crunching sound; champ; to chew, masticate 2 to gnash, one's
of someone teeth 3 to gnaw
karj m. [usually plural kar] karpul f. botany lemon balm, Melissa officinalis
karwl m. 1 gunsight; laying, aiming krpaj m. 1 crunch, crackle 2 chewing, champing 3 rustling
compound verb to aim (at) 2 military patrol, guard, krapedl intransitive [past: ] to crunch,
security detachment changing of the guards crackle, emit a crunching or crackling sound
krwj m. patron, protector, guardian, trustee 1 kart m. Arabic [f. plural karte and m. plural Arabic
karht m. Arabic antipathy, aversion, repugnance; kar t] time (referring to each occurrence of a repeating or
dissatisfaction recurring event) once, one time several times
kirh f. 1 hire, rent, lease compound verb to three times often idiom
hire, rent, charter compound verb to hire out, lease with pleasure, willingly, gladly, readily
2 payment for freight, fee for transportation 2
kurt m. plural kurut (dried balls of fermented milk or milk
kirhad r f. renter, tenant, lease-holder curds)
kirhakh kartb m. 1 action, act, deed 2 practice; exercise; training 3
kirh wnkaj charter(ed) ship; ability, skill 4 breaking in (a horse)
cargo ship kartt m. 1 action, act, deed 2 affair, business, matter
kirj f. 1 karta plural of 1 often
kirjakash f. carrier's trade to be a 2 kurt f. kurtj f. jacket; coat; tunic
carrier (by trade) military officer's blouse
kirj wnkaj kru
kirj 1 f. 2 rented, hired kardzh m. hunk, chunk, piece (of a watermelon, etc.)
karb s m. canvas, linen; hand-made cotton cloth 1 krach m. old and well-trained falcon or hawk
570
2 krach m. strong hoe, Turkestan hoe karashm f. 1 winking 2 flirting

3 krch m. kurshnl m. knitting needle
1 karchl bowlegged krh m. 1 footstep, footfall 2 footprint
2 krachl transitive [past: krchawl past: krhpl m. 1 footprint 2 figurative sign, mark, omen
] 1 2 to emit a scratching (of scissors, etc.) karahm f.
krachnaj m. cartilage, gristle krhnda f. 1 trace; line 2 dragging of the bride on her
krcha f. kind of design in a reversible rug cloak by the groom's relatives (a wedding ritual)
krchh r m. krhndj m. drawing, diagram; plan, design 2 sketch,
1 krich f. m. krachj camomile, Roman camomile illustration, figure
2 krachj m. 1
krhna f. 1 decorating, painting 2 embroidering 3
kardz lazy, listless pattern, design
kurkh m. Kurukh (inhabited place near Herat) 2 krhna f. forming a circle around a person sick with typhus
karkht 1 severe; cruel 2 stiff from the cold, frozen 3 karhna f. site of an ancient city; ruins
karkhulka f. 1 knot on planed wood 2 stump krhundj m. 1 stick for fastening a rope (of a pack) 2
1 krkhj m. regional iron ring on a saddle girth or bellyband
2 krkhj f. bean plant used in livestock feed krha f. 1 line the Durand Line
1 kord m. banked up part of a plot of land state border, frontier to draw a line 2
2 kurd m. Kurd wrinkle idiom expression of joy on
kird r m. 1 act, deed, action 2 conduct, behavior, manners 3 someone's face He is
good deed 4 dowry quite out of his mind.
kirdr doing a good deed 1 krhi plural of ruled, lined
kordband f. banking up a section of a plot of land compound verb to rule, line off
kurdist n m. Kurdistan 2 krhj m. ruler, straight-edge; (drawing, sketching)
kirdag r m. God; The Creator (an epithet of God) 1 kurgh m. pasture, meadow
kard f. deed, doing 2 kurgh m. 1 ban, interdiction 2 confiscation 3 enclosure 4
kurd 1 Kurdish; the Kurdish language 2.1 f. preserve, reservation compound verb a to ban, prohibit b
Kurdish (language) 2.2 m. Kurd to confiscate c to declare to be a preserve d to enclose, fence in
kar n m. plural karghchka f. magpie
kr f. posterity kargh m. grief, sorrow; feeling upset
1 kari, kira m. plural karghdzh m. Adam's apple
2 kirj m. cricket kargha f.
3 karj m. wheelbarrow karghshaj rough, coarse, hard, rigid
krga f. cry, yell, howl, scream compound karghahj m. 1 place where the jaws join 2 lower jaw,
verb to cry out, yell, howl mandible
kras m. onomatopoeia the crack of wood being split karghm m. 1
krasp f. thick wool cord; rope karghwch cut off, chopped off
kristl m. crystal 1 kragh f. dry valley This was barren
krsms m. Christmas Christmas tree ground.
1 kurs f. Arabic, kursj f. [plural: kursj and 2 kargh f. meadow, pasture
kursjg ni] 1 chair, stool 2 place, seat kargh m. mud
to take one's place among the others 3 rostrum, karghen dirty, soiled, contaminated a stagnant
platform platform 4 deputy's seat (seat in a water, standing water b polluted water 2 bad (of the air) 3
legislative body) 5 throne 6 empyrean, the heavens, the figurative marred (of a life) 4 figurative unpleasant, ugly
firmament ;
2 karsj m. medicinal plant used in treating the eyes karghentb m. dirt, filth, contamination, pollution
kursinm f. 1 family tree, genealogical tree, genealogy karghenawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
2 seniority to soil, make dirty, contaminate
krisht n m. 1 Muslim who has converted to Christianity 2 karghenedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
Christian to be soiled, get dirty, become contaminated
571
kargha f. dirt, filth, mud krkan k krkawr disgusting, repulsive, base, vile
karfs m. plural celery 1 kurk made of goat's down, cashmere
1 kark m. 1 Western common quail 2 yellow-legged 2 karkj m. ass, donkey
buttonquail 3 common snipe 3 karakj f. plowshare
2
kark m. 1 rhinoceros 2 rhinoceros hide, rhinoceros leather krk m. sports cricket
3
kark m. whole wheat karkm f. cage (for birds and animals)
4
kurk m. 1 goat's down, under-fur of a goat's 2 cloth made kargr m. [plural: kargr] farmer, plowman
from goat's down, cashmere kargrtb m. kargrtj f. kargr agriculture
5 krak m. 1 furrow 2 wheel track, rut; wheel width compound verb to engage in agriculture, farm
6 krak m. silt that has dried and cracked kargs m. cinereous vulture
krk naj m. 1 boulder, rubble 2 crushed stone, ballast 1 karl 1 m. .1 ice 1.2 cream 2 predicative frozen (of water,
(road-bed) etc.) compound verb to freeze, be frozen, be iced over
kark aj testing, assaying, touchstone 2 karl m. mortar (for grinding medicines)
karakbz f. quail fight 3 karl 1 transitive [past: ] to sow, seed; plant, set out;
karktar m. character, nature cultivatem proverb as
krik m. sports cricket you sow, so shall you reap 2 m. plural sowing; planting, setting
karkr m. out, transplanting
krakdzhn 1 breathing hatred, malicious to karl m. plural Karlani (the fourth branch of Afghan tribes
speak with hatred 2 repugnant, revolting, loathsome consisting of the Afridi, Khattak, Utmankheil, Dzadran, Vardak,
karkadn m. rhinoceros Orakzai, Mangal, Dzadzi, and others)
kurkr m. cackle, cackling compound verb to cackle 1
karm m. Arabic 1 kindness, goodness, mercy, generosity,
krkrnj m. rattle (baby's toy) magnanimity to pity someone, have mercy on
karkar f. 1 crown compound verb to put on the someone ! Take pity on me! 2 proper noun Karam
crown to crown someone king 2 plume, feather 2 karm m. cabbage cauliflower
(hat decoration) 3 demoiselle crane 3 krom m. plural
1 kurkur pock-marked 4 kirm m. worm
2 krkrj f. 1 rattle 2 lure, decoy karmch m. nut-gall, oak gall
3 krkj m. water-lifting wheel 2 windlass, winch kirmch m. canvas, tarp, sailcloth, duck
kurkumn m. curcuma, turmeric kirmich canvas, duck
krkn kirmz m. red or crimson pigment or dye
krknd 1 nasty, offensive, disgusting, repulsive 2 ugly karams g m. regional
karkn rolling down the mountain (of a rock, etc.) karam'al m. proper noun Karam-Ali
compound verb krimln m. the Kremlin
karkanawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 karmntb m. insomnia
to roll (a stone, etc.) down the mountain 2 to push away, throw, kurmng m. common pheasant
knock down karmnw laj m.
karkna f. 1 boulder 2 stone that is hurled at an enemy karmn fingerless, without fingers
(from a fortification or from a height) 1 krm f. 1 index finger 2 little finger, pinkie
karkanedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 2 kuram f. Kuram (a region south of Kabul)
to roll down a mountain (of a rock, etc.) 2 to fall (down) krn thin, emaciated
kark m. thicket, underbrush, undergrowth, shrub, brush karn f. karnai (a wind instrument similar to a bugle)
karka f. 1 wild jujube (with small fruit) 2 shrub, brush krndzh m. adze used as a pick
kar kawnkaj m. peasant farmer, tiller of the soil krnchkj m. hoe, mattock
krk f. 1 disgust, repugnance; loathing, hatred kurnd m. emery
racial hatred to harbor disgust for one another, hate 1 krandwj m. colored design along the edge of a sack
one another 2 indignation; discontent, dissatisfaction ... 2 karandj m. farmer, agriculturalist
... a to feel disdain; feel an aversion; krndj m. hoe with a sharp end (for digging carrots, etc.)
hate, loathe Everybody hates you. b to be krn m. dried crust, scab (on a wound) compound
indignant, express dissatisfaction verb to skin over, dry up, be covered with a crust
572
karanj f. 1 small shovel, trowel 2 mason's trowel 3 scoop krom m. plural 1 chromium, chrome 2 chrome leather (a
1 karnk m. 1 crown of the head 2 part, parting (of the hair grade of leather)
on the head) krom j m. kromt, kromjt chromium ore,
karnk f. karnka trachea, windpipe
2
chromites
1 karng 1 blood-stained, bloody 2 frozen; numb from cold kron m. crown, krona (monetary unit)
2 karng m. sowing, planting karwand, karaund f. 1 cultivated land, arable land
3 kurng brown (of the color of a horse) agricultural land 2 virgin soil 3 agriculture, working
karangawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to the land, plowing 4 plantation tea plantation
stain with blood 2 to cool, chill, freeze idiom sky, the heavens, firmament
karnga f. Adam's apple karwandagr m. 2
karangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to karnkaj 1 present participle of 3 2 m. farmer,
be bloodstained 2 to be covered with ice agriculturalist, plowman, tiller of the soil
karna f. kurh m. kroh f. kuruh (about three kilometers)
karnl m. colloquial colonel forty kuruh within a kuruh
karj f. small saucepan (for melting butter, fat) 1
kuraw Arabic 1 spherical sphere
The Earth is round. 2 round, rounded, roundish
kar m. regional karu (a measure of land area)
kuraw t m. plural Arabic blood corpuscles red 2 karwj m. field guard
corpuscles, erythrocytes 3 krwj awfully much, horribly much
karw a f. gathering up the kernels of grain (on the threshing kurawi-ush-shkl spherical
floor after threshing) compound verb to gather up grain karwga empty; stupid
1 kurt m. plural 1 kar f. spade, shovel
2 krawt m. 1 envy 2 spite, malice 2 kurr f. Arabic sphere the
kurutghwa m. plural dish prepared from dried curd globe hemisphere the northern hemisphere
krawtj envious kurr-yi the globe idiom the atmosphere
kartskaj m. roots of the barberry (used as a medicine) 3 kra f.
1 kr, kar m. ten million, one-hundred lak thirty 4 karr f. Arabic
million 5 kar 1 pure, uncontaminated compound verb to
2 kru 1 iron 2 strong, firm, hard purify, get rid of foreign matter compound verb to be
kruawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make pure, be free of impurities 2 selected, choice, picked 3 frank,
hard, strengthen sincere 4 correct, true, accurate, exact, reliable, trustworthy
1
karo f. 1 whip, knout with a long handle 6
kar oblique singular of 1 to us, to our house, to
compound verb to whip, lash 2 blow of a whip our place; at our house, at our place
compound verb to be subjected to a whipping 3 figurative push, krhn Arabic unwillingly; against one's will
motivation, incentive, urging that prompted him (to krah r m. 1 squeak, creak 2 chirping (of the magpie)
do something) compound verb a to lash, switch b krapandj m.
figurative to urge on, make hurry, to hurry someone
karatb m. 1 purity 2 frankness, sincerity 3 correctness,
2 karwa, kara f. blackberries accuracy, reliability, trustworthiness
kruedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
1
karh blooming, flowering, turning green
become hard, become strong
2
kurh m. plural fat hen, lamb's quarters, Chenopodium
kruzr m. military cruiser album
krawsn krawsnd, krosnd easily split, easily
karakatna f. criticism, critical attitude
broken up, brittle, fragile, inflexible, stiff
karha f. 1 sowing, planting; crops dry-farming
karaws f. crops irrigated crops 2 agriculture
krusd m. history crusade the main thrust of agriculture agricultural school
karukr deaf and blind agronomist
krok f. kroki, itinerary map, simple sketch of a locality karhj m.
karawl m. karawl m. navy, ditch-digger, excavator
karawl f.
573
1
krha f. aversion, disgust, antipathy, loathing 1 kirij m. Salvadora, Salvadora persica
compound verb to have an aversion (to), loathe 2 krej m. 1 mole cricket 2 woodcock, Scolopax rusticola
2 kirah f. 3 krej m. heavy molasses, thick syrup (from sugar-cane)
kirah hired 1 kurajz, kurrajz
karh m. 2 kurz, kurz m. molt, molting, shedding of feathers
kurajz, kurrajz global global missile compound verb to molt
1 karj f. colloquial regional kre m. medicine scab
2 karj karj all, entire, whole all year krga f.
all day all night long the whole month kristl m. crystal
3 karj m. regional 2 kristal crystal, crystalline, crystallized
4 karj f. 1 eye, ring, annulet; link (of a chain) 2 muzzle (e.g., kurjsh m. plural
a dog) 3 bridle 4 beam, girder; log 5 biology joint, segment 6 krgha f. yell, howl, scream, cry, shout compound
mountain range verb to yell, howl, scream, cry out, shout
5
karj f. silt (carried in by a mud flow) that has dried out and krekh, karekh m.
cracked krka f.
6 kur get away (the cry people use to chase away a dog) karikj f. woven bin (for storing grain), crib
! Get away! karel f. bitter melonn, Momordica charantia
karj b 1 neglected, derelict, unused waste land 2 kurelj m. padded jacket, quilted jacket, sleeveless jacket
detained, delayed, stopped 3 needy, indigent, poor 4 having karelij f. Karelia
gotten into a difficult situation; helpless 5 not having work, 1 karm Arabic 1.1 generous, magnanimous, gracious, kind;
unemployed 6 regional listless, slack; negligent merciful, charitable 1.2 generous, liberal, open-handed 2 m.
karjbawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to proper noun Karim, Kerim, Kareem

neglect, fail to use 2 to detain, delay, stop; obstruct 3 to make 2 krem m. plural cram tooth-paste
needy 4 to put in a difficult situation 5 to leave without work karimattb' noble, fine, generous, magnanimous
karjb f. 1 neglect, disuse 2 obstruction, obstacle; jam 3 kremln m. the Kremlin
need; poverty 4 helplessness 5 being out of work, the absence of kremn damp, humid, moist
work kriminolozh f. criminal law
karjbedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to krimij f. Crimea

be neglected, be unused 2 to be detained, be delayed; be held up 1 karj f. 1 order; instructions 2 stern reprimand
3 to be in need; live in poverty; be poor, be indigent 4 to be compound verb to give instructions; give a stern reprimand
helpless 5 to not have work, remain without work, to be 2 kurij f. Arabic [plural: kurij and m. plural: Arabic
unemployed kurij t] 1 small ball, globule, spherule, bead 2 anatomy
kurij t m. plural Arabic of 2 blood corpuscle
kreb m. stirrup 3
karh 1 repulsive, disgusting, base, vile, loathsome, revolting
2 dirty, slovenly
krep m. crepe (a fabric)
1 krit m. kre f. Crete kareh f.
2 kret m. basket, crate (for transporting fruit) 1 ka m. 1 torture, torment; trouble, fuss 2 in lieu of;
shortcoming 3 disease
krich, kirch m. saber
krichj m. gnashing of teeth 2
k, ku m. 1 laughter 2 cracking, crackle, crash, knocking,
tapping 3 cackle, cackling 4 babbling (baby's, infant's) 5
kardz m. farmer
sputtering, gurgling
kredt m. credit on credit
compound verb to open a line of credit compound
3 ka m. 1 residues of chopped straw, chaff, husks 2 starch
verb to extend credit compound verb to give credit

4 k past tense of
kredit credit agreement on extending credit k f. tcry of the partridge
to give credit ka p m. old and scraggly ox
kred f. k paj m. short distance
kar m. crushed stone, gravel, road metal k tsaj m. boy, lad, adolescent
kra, kiri f. weeds (gathered from a plowed field) k ska lanky, gangling (of a young man)
574
kas 1 wrinkled, having got wrinkled His kapnda f. difficult road, rocky road
whole face was all wrinkled. 2 reduced to ashes, reduced to dust kapz m. camel's bridle
1
ku gh m. veterinary medicine hoof-and-mouth disease kapawl transitive [past: ] 1 2 to gnaw
2
kgh weak, feeble (a bone)
3
k gh, ku gh m. raven kap f. slippery road, rough road
4
kgh regional protruding, bulging (of eyes) kapah r m. 1 tramping, stamping (of feet) 2 squeak (of
bulging (of eyes) boots, shoes); flapping (of slippers) 3 crackle, crackling; tapping
kghtj f. 4 booming sound 5 champing
kghnd exhausted, worn out, haggard 1
kapj m. 1 2 scratching 3 rustling 4 idle talk,
kghndtb m. kghndw laj m. weakness, jabbering
feebleness 2 kapj f.
kghndawl denominative, transitive [past: ] kapedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to crack, make a
to make weak, make feeble, cause to become weak, cause to cracking noise, knock, tap His teeth
become feeble; weaken; exhaust, wear out were chattering from the cold. 2 to squeak, scratch, make
kghndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] squeaking sounds (of a pen, boots, shoes) 3 to flap, flip-flop,
to be weak, be feeble; to grow weak; become exhausted, get worn make a flapping sound (of slippers) 4 to chatter on, jabber
out incessantly
kk m. 1 pea; spherule the size of a pea 2 pebble placed in a 1
kut m.
mortar for grinding spices, etc. 2
kt m. 1 word; statement compound verb a to say,
ka n m. regional speak b to promise 2 sound
ka nd 1 bewildered, having lost one's head 2 upset, ktki f. plural kind of sandal
chagrined, distressed ktn kt 1 m. windbag, chatterbox 2 garrulous,
k ngaj squint-eyed, cross-eyed talkative
1 ka w m. 1 grief, distress, affliction, unpleasantness kta f. empty words, chatter, twaddle compound verb
to cause someone grief, cause annoyance, cause to engage in idle talk, prate, chatter, babble
unpleasantness 2 torture, torment to torture, ktah r m. cackle, cackling compound verb to
torment to worry, cackle
torment oneself 3 care, concern, trouble intransitive [past: ] to engage in idle talk, prate, babble
concern about the family a life full of troubles k wrinkled; crumpled, rumpled
2 kw m. exercise; training ka f. 1 compound verb to talk
kaw industrious, diligent, assiduous, painstaking nonsense 2 wrinkle; fold, crease
kaw f. 1
ki plural of
1 kaw 2
kaj m. fold, crease; wrinkle compound verb to
2 kaw plural of wrinkle, crumple compound verb to wrinkle, break into
kj conditional and potential of wrinkles, knit one's brow; be crumpled
kaj m. frying pan 1
kch m.
kab m. vicious dog 2
kch m. squeal, screech compound verb to
kaba f. cornstalk whine, yelp (of a whipped dog); yelp, yap
kabezn kach f. kach r m.
kabzi f. plural snot, mucus kchawl transitive [past: ] 1 to chew 2 to grind
kabka f. plow handle the teeth, grit the teeth, gnash the teeth
kap m. 1 crash, crack (noise); knock, tap (noise) 2 squeak, kchah r m.
creak (of boots, shoes); flap, flapping sound (of slippers) kchedl intransitive
a crackle, crackling; tapping (e.g., with a cane) b kdz m. kiln
squeaking, crunching (of boots, shoes) kats m. saucepan (for melting butter, etc.)
kap f. kap r m. regional kakha f. uneven land, rough terrain (at the foothills of a
kp m. incoherent speech mountain, hill)
kapnd garrulous and malicious (of a person) kid r m.
kapandkaj m. 1 cartilage, gristle 2 chatterbox, windbag kad f. action, deed, act
575
kij m. 1 kakma f. 1 stone trap, pitfall 2 chicken coop, hen-house;

kaz skinny, scraggy, starved (of an animal) storeroom
1 kas m. a crackling, chirping b 1 kuka, kka f. brood hen, sitting hen
noise, din, racket to beat somebody unmercifully 2 kka f.
2 ks barren (of a steppe) 1 kakj, kakj m. reed, cane (used to make pens and hookah
kas m. & f. pipes)
kas w 1 bearded 2 long-faced, having a long face 3 ugly 2
kkj f. 1 window sky-light, porthole 2 store
(of a person)
window, showcase; stand 3 anatomy mistral valve
kasnd 3 kaakj f. wide dress with gathers (woman's)
k s past tense of 4 kakj f. hatchet (for chopping brush)
kasawl transitive [past: ] 1 to cause to crack,
kakch m. 1 altercation, wrangling, squabbling; petty
cause to make a noise 2 to cause crackling, cause a noise 3 to
intrigues 2 complication, misunderstanding to
raise a rumpus, cause an uproar 4 to beat, strike
eliminate misunderstandings
kash r m. 1 crackle, crackling; knocking, noise; crackling,
kakechn 1 not in order, unorganized, haphazard 2
chirping A storm
spoiled; ruined 3 repulsive, disgusting stench 4
came up, the sound of breaking branches was heard. 2 to grit,
tangled, complex intricate question, complex issue
grind (the teeth) 3 noise, din hubbub 4 quarrel; arguing,
5 tongue-tied, inarticulate compound verb a to cause
wrangling, altercation compound verb a to crackle,
to be unorganized b to spoil, ruin c to make repulsive, make
crack; knock, make a noise b to grit, grind (the teeth) c to raise a
disgusting d to confuse, complicate compound verb
rumpus, make noise, create a hubbub d to quarrel, argue, wrangle
a to be in disarray, to be unorganized b to spoil, be spoiled, be
kasedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to crackle, knock 2
ruined My business is totally
to grit, grind (the teeth) 3 to be raised (of noise, a hubbub, etc.) 4
ruined. c to be repulsive, be disgusting d to become entangled,
to quarrel, argue
become complicated
kashb m. ravine, hollow between two hills kkech 1 f. .1 babbling (of a baby) 1.2 butchering a
kashp, kashp 1 m. toothless old man 2 toothless foreign language 1.3 tongue-tied, inarticulate
hollow mouth compound verb a to babble b to butcher a foreign language c to
kashuptb, kashptb m. extreme old age, venerable be(come) tongue-tied 2
age
kakechw laj m. confusion, complication (e.g., of a
kashpaj, kashpaj m. question or issue)
kashp m. kukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to
kashuptb m. hatch (baby chicks) 2 to be a brood hen, be a sitting hen, rear
kgh numb, benumbed chicks
kaghch 1 bewildered, perplexed, agitated 2 faded, withered kakim f. cage (for birds and animals)
3 numb, benumbed compound verb a to be
kakn cotton
bewildered, be perplexed b to wither, fade c to lose feeling, grow
kakaj-wkaj upset, anxious, worried, troubled
numb
kl transitive prefective aspect of the verb 7 [present: ]
1
kk m. 1 reed 2 figurative puny man, weakling
1 independent verb [past: ].1 to accomplish, perform
2
kak m. 1 large wicker bin (for storing grain), corn-crib 2
something; execute, carry out (a job) I did some work.
bast fibers
Ahmed had a good night's sleep
3 kak interjection boom, bang I did everything I could 1.2 to speak, say
kak ch m. stubbornness, obstinacy ... Ahmed said 2 forming verbs consisting of complex and
kakch stubborn, obstinate denominative verbs 7 2
kakichw m. noise, hubbub, racket kal m. plural
kuk m. 1 babble, murmur (of a brook) 2 cackle 1 klu past tense first person plural of
compound verb a to babble, murmur b to cackle 2 klo Eastern past tense of in lieu of 4
1 kkj m. 1 water-lifting wheel 2 pulley block of a ferry 1 kla past tense feminine of
2 kukuj f. collared turtle-dove 2 kl Western past tense plural of
collared turtle-dove
klaj past participle of in lieu of
kukw laj m. cessation of egg-laying (in hens)
576
1
kum m. pond; lake kndawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
2
kam, km 1 to cut off, chop off; to cut in two 2 wounded put into disorder, disrupt, disorganize 2 to loosen, shake loose,
3 badly beaten 4 disfigured, maimed disfigured 5 upset, make unstable 3 to slacken, make slack, work loose
distressed My heart bleeds. 6 bitten, stung (e.g., by kaind f. mucus (secretion)
a scorpion) kndedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
km present and past tenses first person of

3 7 put into disorder, be disrupted, become disorganized 2 to get
loose, be unstable 3 to be slack, work loose 4 to hang in the
kaamtb m. 1 trouble, grief, sorrow, woe 2 bite, sting (of
scabbard (of a saber, dagger)
a scorpion, etc.) 3 torment, agony
kamcha f. little finger, pinkie 1
kng m. stick that is fastened to the neck of livestock to
prevent them from running
kamtsj m. strap running across the haunches and under the
tail, breeching (part of a harness)
2
kang 1 m. knocking, ringing a knocking,
kamm grief-stricken; pained, distressed; sad, mournful

clanging, clatter (of dishes) b noise, din 2 hard, crackling
kaamntb m. kaamnw laj m. trouble; shock; hard frost the coldest winter period
grief
3 kang m.
kaamnawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
4 king
upset, distress
kang f.
kaamnedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to

kang r m. echo
become upset, be distressed
kingw laj m.
kaamw laj m. 1 kangawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
ring; make crack, make creak
kaamawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to cut
off, chop off; cut in two 2 to wound 3 to beat mercilessly 4 to
2 kingawl transitive
disfigure, maim, mutilate 5 to bite, sting (of scorpions, etc.) 6 to knga feminine singular of 2 2
upset, distress 7 to come out against someone; interfere, hinder kangah r m. knocking; jingling (of bells); clinking,
1 kma f. married woman clattering (of dishes)
2 kama feminine singular of 2 1 kingj
kamj za f. saliva, slobber (of an animal) 2 kangj m.
kaamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
1 kangedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
jingle, clatter; crackle
cut off, be chopped off; be cut in two 2 to be wounded 3 to be
badly beaten 4 to be disfigured, be maimed 5 to be distressed,
2 kingedl intransitive
become upset 6 to be bitten, be stung (as by a scorpion, etc.)
kanl ra f. kanl r plan; program
kamezn 1 snotty, slobbery 2 m. sniveler; slobberer kna f.
kamzi m. plural 1 mucus, snot 2 saliva, slobber 1 ku present tense first person plural of
kan m. 1 action 2 endeavor, labor 3 practice, exercise 4 2 ko Eastern past tense of in lieu of 4
conduct, behavior 3 ko oblique of 1
kandzh m. kundzh 1 sobbing (of a child) 2 yelping, 4 ka m. soup with buttermilk and butter
squealing (of a dog) compound verb to whine, whimper kaw s 1 2 dialect
kandzh f. kandzhah r, kundzhh r m. 1 squeal, kob m. kbaj left-over soup
cry 2 yelp, squeal (of a dog) 1 kbaj m. kb left-over soup
kunch m. 2 kobj m. hollow, basin
kunchah r m. kup 1 convex; protruding, jutting out; bulging out 2
kunchj m. crooked, bent, hunched 3 having a dent, dented; having a hollow,
1 knd energetic, efficient, business-like having a cavity
2 knd 1 disarranged, disordered; unorganized 2 unsteady, kuptb m. kuptj kupw laj 1
shaky, unstable 3 lax, loose 4 to be in the scabbard (of a saber, a protuberance 2 hump 3 dent, hollow
dagger) kupawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
kndtb m. kndw laj m. 1 disorder; lack of make convex; bulge 2 to hunch one's back 3 to make a dent;
coordination, lack of organization 2 unsteadiness, instability 3 form a depression compound verb to grade a road
slackness, laxity
577
kupedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 2

kuhj m. kurhai (a unit of measure equal to one-fourth of
convex, protrude, bulge 2 to become stooped 3 to have a dent; or oka)
have a depression 3 kaj past participle of
kus m. noise of a falling tree 4 kj present tense second person plural of
kost m. plural roasted grain 5 ka f. warmed airan with spices
kawsnd 6 ki present tense of
1 kawasj m. [plural: kawas and kawsij n] 7 kuj m. 1
great-grandson 8 kaj Eastern conditional and potential forms of
kawasj f. [plural: kawasj and
2 He couldn't do that.
kawsij ni] great-granddaughter 9 kaj f. 1 loop; ring; ringlet; hoop oarlock 2
kaawl transitive [past: ] 1 to roast (on a fire) 2 to lasso 3 skein, hank 4 zoology segment, joint 5 link (of a chain)
warm, heat 3 figurative to trouble, worry; torment; annoy 6 stanza to hamper, impede, restrict someone
compound verb a to warm oneself to be His hair was curled to

warmed, be heated b figurative to be worried, be tormented break the chains of slavery
kaawlaj past participle of a strong and 10 kaj f. beam, girder, joist
handsome lad, a fine fellow 11 kuj f. 1
komb f. 1 thin varenets (milk baked in an oven and 12 ke interjection shoo, scat (cry used to chase away chickens,
allowed to ferment) 2 whey 3 swill, thin soup etc.) compound verb to chase out, shoo away
kaombj m. bast basket 13 ke present tense second person of
kun m. kit m. 2
knkaj present participle of in lieu of kechj f. dialect 2
1 kaong f. lean and meatless soup, soup without fat or meat kets m. liver fluke (a parasitic worm)
2 kanga m. karngaj m. waterfall ketsn having liver fluke (of livestock and humans)
kangaj m. earthenware pot, bowl 1 kaetsj m. fluke (in sheep)
kaawna f. 1 roasting (on a fire) 2 warming, heating 3 2 kaetsj f. 1 spoon; ladle 2 saucepan (for melting butter)
figurative anxiety 1 kaedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be grilled, be roasted
kaw f. 1 history stuffed ox or buffalo used by warriors in the (on a fire) 2 to be warmed, warm oneself I
front as a shield 2 piece, chunk in pieces warmed myself in the sun 3 to worry; torment oneself 4 to be
kohawl transitive burned down, to perish
kohedl intransitive kedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to cackle 2 to move
2
kawezn noisily, to rattle

1 k m. plural 1 deed, act, something accomplished kaedn m. 1 kaedna f. 1 grilling, roasting (on a fire)
this is impossible He did what he 2 worry; torture, torment 3 atrophy
wanted. Everything is in God's hands 2 labor 1
kaedna f. 1 grilling, roasting (on a fire) 2 worry; torture,
2 ka f. 1 ring, circle 2 bracelet (gold, silver) torment 3 atrophy
3 ka 1 past tense feminine of 2 imperative perfective of 2 kaedna f. 1 cackle, cackling 2 rattling
! God forbid! kaedn m.
4 ka f. 1 keda perfect of in lieu of
kah r, kuah r m. 1 knocking, crack, cracking (noise) 2 kajdj kidi perfect of in lieu of
noise, din (raised by children) 3 cackle, cackling
ke m. pod
compound verb a to make a knocking noise; crackle, creak b to
kezn sick, diseased (of livestock)
make noise (of children) c to cackle
kes m. pod
kh nd upset, disturbed; confused, perplexed, embarrassed
kskaj m.
kw m. plural and feminine singular 1 form; appearance,
krigh emaciated, fatigued, exhausted, grown weak
look, aspect, shape; facial features 2 outward appearance, looks,
kgha f. kka f. noise; howl, cry
exterior He is handsome.
king 1 curved, bent; sinuous, twisting, winding 2 oblique,
Kawtara was pretty 3 deed, act, action 4 duty, obligation
slanting 3 humpbacked, hunchbacked 4 disfigured, mutilated,
1 kaahj m. pot, kettle; shallow iron saucepan
maimed, crippled
578
king-png bent, curved; sinuous, twisting, winding 2 kag 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. in lieu of
kingw laj m. 1 curvature 2 obliquity, slope, slant 3 He is walking along a poor path.
the characteristic of being hunchbacked 4 deformity, abnormality kag-wag
1 feminine singular of 2 f. difficulty,
kingawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to impediment
bend 2 to squint, look asquint 3 to hunch, arch 4 to disfigure, l denominative, intransitive [past:
kaged ] 1 to bend,
mutilate, maim, cripple twist 2 to stoop, bend, bow to bow to
kingj someone 3 to look down, drop one's eyes 4 to turn 5 to be
kingedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to refracted (of light) 6 figurative to lose one's way, go astray
be bent 2 to squint 3 to stoop, become bent (over) 4 to be kaged
m. plural 1 bending, twisting 2 bowing, stooping 3
disfigured, be mutilated, be maimed, be crippled turning 4 refracting, refraction (of light)
ke-we completed almost finished, a done 1
How
kas m. person, personage; man
deal many of you are there? There are three of us.
kazl kh m. 3 escorts, accompanying persons
1 kazh m. chin idiom he was sitting in deep individuals
thought 2 kas m. ravine; hollow, depression
2 kazh Western 2 kas t m. vengeance, revenge
kuzhdna f. dialect to take vengeance on someone
kag m. 1 kas d m. Arabic, kasd f. depression, stagnation
kagtj
f. kasb, ksb m. Arabic occupation, trade, craft, business
kagdal
j f. spider-web, cobweb compound verb What do you do?
kigd j, kgd
j f. 1 tent, marquee (made of black goat's or kisbt, ksbt m. Arabic 1 tool-box, instrument case (e.g., of
camel's wool) 2 bubble (on water) a surgeon, barber) 2 bag with powder and shot (of hunter)
kagh nga f. stick, mallet (for playing polo, etc.) kasbgr m. craftsman
kag ka f. 1 magpie 2 crashing, din, rumbling, roar kasbawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to gain
1 kagkj m. process on the shoulder blade of a sheep skills, acquire (work) habits, experience; master something
kagkj
2
m. disease of soil or old rice soil kasab Arabic plural of
kag l transitive [past: ] 1 to fear, be afraid of, consider kasb m.
as portending something ominous 2 to hate 3 to condemn; kspijn Caspian Caspian Sea
disparage, discredit; defame, pillory kast m. 1 2 spite, anger, malice 3
kag lj 1 past participle of 2.1 unpleasant; disagreeable, kastur f. oyster
objectionable 2.2 sinister, ominous, portending evil kastdzh m. cut, slit (in sharovary)
kaglch
1 m. .1 curvature 1.2 bend, crook; turn 1 kasr m. Arabic [plural: kasrna, Arabic kusr
compound verb to twist, wind, meander (of a river, a road) and kusur t] 1 mathematics fraction common
compound verb to turn, make a turn 2 sinuous, twisting, fraction decimal fraction numerator
winding a winding road denominator 2 lack, shortage; loss, damage 3 deficit
kaglchaj
1 m. .1 turn, bend, curve 1.2 reach, stretch of to cover a deficit 4 decrease; loss 5 breaking 6
water 2 having a club hand, club-handed curtailment, reduction, diminishing compound verb to be
kagandj
1 plagued by illness 2 quarrelsome, peevish, curtailed, be reduced, be diminished compound verb to
cantankerous, shrewish shorten 7 mathematics subtraction
kag na f. fear, apprehension; fear of that which according to 2 ksr m. 1
superstition portends evil, misfortune kasrmn damaged, having a defect
kagw
laj m. curvature; sinuousness, sinuosity kasr f. Arabic linguistics kasra (name of the diacritical mark,
kagbaj
ill, sick, physically exhausted which designates the vowel "i" and sometimes "e")
kagaw
l denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to bend; kasr Arabic fractional fractions
twist 2 to bend, stoop, bow compound verb to stoop, 1
kaskr 1 burned (down), scorched 2 stiff with cold,
bend (over, forward) 3 to refract (light) shriveled (from the cold) 3 destroyed 4 burning (from love) 5
kagwel
naj m. compound verb
tired out, physically exhausted
kag f. Kazha (populated place in Nangarhar)
1
compound verb 1
1
2 kasckr divided into pieces or parts

579
3 kaskr m. unclean paddy that remains in grain 2

kish m. beech marten, stone marten, Mustela foina
1 kaskrawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 3
ksh intejection kish, shoo, scat (a cry used to chase chickens
to burn; scorch 2 to destroy 3 to torment, harass, exhaust away)
physically 4
ksh the second part of word formations carter,
2
kaskrawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to drayman, driver
divide into parts, separate into pieces; crush kush d capacious, spacious, roomy, wide
1
kaskrawna f. 1 burning, incinerating 2 destruction 3 kashsh f Arabic 1 discovering, exploring 2 m. .1 military
physical exhaustion scout, reconnoiterer 2.2 boy scout anjumn-i the
2 kaskrawna f. division into parts or pieces; crushing Boy Scout Organization in Afghanistan 2.3 discoverer
1 kaskredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 kashshf reconnaissance; prospecting, exploratory
to burn; be burned 2 to become numb, shrivel (from the cold) 3 kash l 1 long, lengthy, extended (in time)
to be destroyed 4 to burn (from love) 5 to be worn out, be to speak in a sing-song voice 2 slow, protracted; prolonged
physically exhausted; be tired out Their conversation went on for
kaskredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
2
some time.
be divided or split into parts or pieces; to be crushed or pulverized kashl f. 1 to take out, pull out, extract; drag
kaskredna f.
1 1
compound verb to carry, pull, drag 2 drawn-out argument,
2 kaskredna f. 2 conflict to settle an argument 3 difficulty,
1 kaskred m. plural 1 burning 2 becoming numb from complication
the cold, shrink from cold 3 destruction, annihilation 4 burning kashjsh m. existence
(from love) 5 fatigue; exhaustion kishb m. kashb m. tortoise, turtle
2
kaskred m. plural dividing into parts, splitting into kshpsh m. 1 shivering 2 tread, footsteps (sound)
pieces 1 kasht m. assistant leader (in games)
ksl, kasl transitive dialect 1 2 kisht m. Eastern colloquial payment; dues
kswt m. 3 kisht m. 1 square (on a chess board) 2 chess check
1 kasr m. vengeance, revenge to announce "check"
2 kusr m. plural Arabic of 1 kashtarj f. woven basket, bast basket
kusur t m. second plural of 1 kishtz r m. planted or sown field; sowing, planting
kasraj 1 melancholy; sad, sorrowful 2 feeble; helpless, kashtm m. regional customs-house
ineffectual kishtoj f. little ship, small craft; boat
kasa f. 1 kisht f. dried apricots
kusf m. Arabic solar eclipse, eclipse of the sun 2 kusht f. corrosive sublimate; mercuric chloride
1 kis f. 3 kusht 1 killed 2 extinguished slaked lime
2 kis dialect imperfective imperative of compound verb to slake (lime)
1 ks, kis 1 m. plural of 2 dialect present tense of 1 kusht f. wrestling
2 ksaj m. pupil (of the eye) idiom to go 2 kishtj f. [plural: kishtj kishtij ni and
blind kishtijg ni] ship; boat sailing vessel
3 kisj f. riddle, enigma steamship rowboat
4 kasj f. 1 kishtirn f. navigation
kasj f. 1 dust 2 haze; fog 3 speck of dust kishtjw n m. sailor, seafarer
kasir f. small coin, (small) change kshr, kshr, kshr junior, younger
kasz 1 consisting of a certain number of persons She is 8 years younger than her brother. younger
a committee of ten (members) 2 intended for a certain brothers pupils of the younger classes
number of persons kshr n m. plural [singular ]youth, young people
1
pneumatic traction 2
kash m. 1 pull, traction kishr ni plural of 2
tightening to draw a thread taut 3 drawing kshrtb m. kshrtj f. condition of being younger
(when smoking) compound verb in age, status of being junior in position
compound verb 4 difficulty; worry, concern, trouble kshranz 1 m. plural Kishranzi (a tribe) 2 kashranzy m.
noise, racket idiom to eat with Kishranzai (a member of the Kishranzi tribe)
gusto kshrw laj m.
580
kshroj 1 younger, junior 2 tiny, wee kishmsh m. kishmish, seedless grape, raisin
kshra 1 feminine singular of 2 f.younger daughter, sabze (a kind of raisin from the kishmish seedless grape)
younger sister kishmish raisin the kishmish grape (used in
kshrj small; younger younger sister
1
making raisins)
2 kashrj m. 1 basket 2 kneading trough, dough trough kashmaksh 1 quarrel; argument 2 battle, fight;
3 kashrj f. skirmish, melee; conflict diplomatic battle 3
kshrn rare youngest, most junior fight, brawl; fuss 4 difficult; state of being upset; a mental
kashp m. struggle I lay down distraught.
kashsh m. 1 traction, pull 2 physics attraction, gravitation 3 compound verb a to quarrel; argue b to fight, struggle; fight,
inclination, tendency brawl; romp, play (nosily) c to create difficulties d to be
kashf m. Arabic 1 discovery, finding, detection 2 distraught, suffer (in one's heart, mentally, psychologically)
understanding, knowledge; research, investigation, study 4 kashmr m. Kashmir
exploration, surveying; reconnaissance, intelligence kashmir f. 1 cloth; woolen fabric 2 suit fabric
reconnaissance compound verb cotton cloth woolen (cashmere) suiting
compound verb ; kashmirj 1 Kashmir 2 m. Kashmiri (native or inhabitant
kashfulh l m. Arabic finding; search, investigation of Kashmir)
kashfawl 1 denominative, transitive [past: ] .1 to kushand m.
discover, find, detect 1.2 to elucidate, ascertain, establish, 1 kash m. pea pods boiled in water
determine to establish the cause of the illness 2 kashw m. mongoose
... We have ascertained that 1.3 to 1 kishwr m. region, territory, land, country
understand, comprehend, come to understand, to learn 1.4 to
2 kishr m. 1 bandage, dressing 2 regional ant-eater 3
explore, survey, prospect 1.5 military to conduct reconnaissance,
regional caterpillar
reconnoiter 1.6 to explore (a country) 2 m. kishwar civil, civilian civilians
kashfij t m. plural 1 search, investigation; exploration,
civil war
reconnaissance, intelligence 2 discoveries, research,
kshukp m. 1 sound of footsteps 2
investigations

kashfijt exploratory, prospecting kashugr m. struggle, fight; rivalry
prospecting
kashawl transitive [past: ] 1 to pull, drag; carry
kashfedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
compound verb to bring in, drag in; import
discovered, be detected, be found 2 to be elucidated, be
to reach out for one another 2 to draw, attract 3 to draw out,
established, be determined; recognize, discern 3 to be known 4
stretch 4 to carry someone along by force 5 to be inclined, tend
to be explored, be surveyed, be reconnoitered 5 to be researched,
towards something; involve in something, enlist, draw into
be studied
something 6 to drag something out, hamper the implementation of
1
kashk m. thin gruel; soup
something
2
kushk m. 1 kiosk; pavilion 2 palace 3 Kushka kushund m. 1 extradition of a murderer and his banishment
the Kushk Valley
2 murderer, killer
3 kashk, kishk m. guard, watch, escort, protection 1 k sh f. furrow
compound verb to guard, stand guard; watch, keep 2 ksha 3
watch, protect
kshah r m. rustling; rustle to make a crackling
kshkrl transitive sounds
kishikch m. watchman, guard 1 kashj m. only son
kshkra f. magpie 2 kshj f. 1 pickax, pick-mattock 2 iron ingot, iron pig
1 kshksh m. the sound of footsteps 3 kashj f. only daughter
2 kshksh 3
4 kash plural of 1
kashkl m. common coot, Fulica atra
kashkoll kashkawl transitive 5 kshe 2
kshki, kshke kashidar f.
kashml m. [plural: kashmlug n and kashedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to be pulled, be
kashml n] kashmlj m. basil dragged, be carried 2 to stretch, be stretched compound
581
verb to tighten, shrink, contract 3 to stretch, reach 4 to be low; low-lying, lowland a low place, a depression 2.5
delayed, be dragged out (in length), be disrupted (e.g., of a low, mean, base, vile 2.6 low, quiet (of the voice)
business deal) khatatb m.
kashidag f. tension; strained position; strained state (of khtaked, khataked m. plural 1 lowering, letting
relations) down, descending 2 lowering, lessening, reducing, falling 3
1
kh m. rustling, rustle; sound of light footsteps landing, touching down 4 unloading 5 disembarkation, getting
2
kah m. 1 pulling, attraction 2 drawing (on a cigarette) 3 off 6 exhaustion, running low on, using up
sigh 4 mange (in sheep) 5 narrow path khtagr
3 ki, ke khtalwed m. plural falling down, tumbling down,
4 kh 4 hurtling down; descending
1 kh nda f. track of a smoothing harrow, trace of a khtaw laj m. 1 lowering, hauling down, descent 2 low
toothless drag harrow level the low level of water in the river 3
2
kah nda agitated, anxious; upset, alarmed baseness, meanness, vileness
to cause the heart to flutter 1
kht f. baseness, meanness, vileness to
khj conditional from 2
commit foul deeds
1 kht, kiht m. seeding, planting; planted field 2
kht khtz, khtza. arable, tillable;
farm implements to harvest, reap to sow, worked, cultivated (of soil) plowed field
plant, drill crops
2
kht m. 3 kihtj f. [plural: kihtj, kihtjg ni and
3
kuht, kaht m. 1 gorge, ravine 2 interval, space, gap 3 kihtij ni] boat; vessel
slit; orifice, opening, aperture 4 square (on a chess board) 5 kihtjw n m. 1 boatman 2 sailor
chess mate kahh m. 1 propulsive force, thrust (e.g., of a propeller) 2
kihtz r m. attraction, gravitation
khtgr m. [plural: khtgr and khtgar n] kahkr kahkrkaj completely dry, desiccated
farmer, tiller of the soil, peasant kahkraj 1 m. .1 bubble (e.g., from soap) 1.2 plural
khtgar f. 1 farming compound verb to seasoning 2
engage in farming 2 metayage (a form of share-cropping) kahklaj m. corn husk, corn shuck
khatanj 1 lower 2 cited, or given, below 1 khkj m. rustle
1 kht oblique plural of 1 2 khkj f. reversible rug; doormat, floor cloth
2 khto oblique plural of 2 2 kahkedj f. spout
1 kht f. seeding, sowing, planting 1 khul m. Eastern kiss compound verb to kiss
2 khta, khta 1.1 down(wards); below, underneath, 2 khl 1 transitive [present: past: and Western
downstairs; from below He was standing below.
] .1 to pull, drag 1.2 to take out, extract; get 1.3 to tear
out, pull out 1.4 to mine, extract (minerals, etc.) 1.5 to draw, get
1.2 lower 30 degrees below zero
(e.g., water from a well) 1.6 to run, build (an irrigation ditch) 1.7
compound verb a to lower, let down, bring down b to lower,
to extract (a tooth) 1.8 to smoke (e.g., a cigarette) 1.9 to take off
reduce, lessen c to land (e.g., an airplane) d to unload e to
disembark, put ashore to put ashore f to exhaust,
(clothes) compound verb to take off one's coat
compound verb to take off one's shoes 1.10 to take out, lead out,
expend g figurative to undermine, tsap (morale)
drive out 1.11 to exile, expel someone 1.12 to recover (a debt)
compound verb a to be lowered, be let down; sink, come down,
descend; lose altitude b to come down, diminish, decrease, fall c
1.13 to tear oneself away (from the business at hand)
to land, make a landing d to unload, be unloaded e to disembark,
He tore me away from business. 1.14 to exert, apply
get off, get out of f to be exhausted, be used up, run out of g

(one's efforts, endeavors, etc.) compound verb to try,
figurative to fall, deteriorate (morale) compound verb endeavor 1.15 to sketch, draw, depict 1.16 to write
to fall down, hurtle down; descend compound verb He wrote a book. 1.17 to steal compound verb
passive a to be pulled, be dragged b to be taken out, be pulled
a to fluctuate, oscillate, rock, swing b to move, to stir (of people)
out, be extracted, be acquired c to be torn out, be pulled out d to
1.3 further south, south of Jalalabad is
be mined, be extracted (of minerals, etc.) e to be drawn, be gotten
located south of Kabul. 2 attributive (sometimes inflected) .1
(e.g., water from a well) f to be built (of an irrigation ditch) g to
lower 2.2 lower (in rank), subordinate 2.3 indicated below 2.4
582
be extracted (of a tooth) h to be smoked (e.g., of a cigarette) i to kheistl, khestl transitive

be taken off, be pulled off (of clothes) j to be taken out, be led out, kheistna f.
to be driven out k to be exiled, expelled l to be recovered (of a khebs present stem of
debit) m to be torn away (from the business at hand) n to be khebsna f.
exerted, be applied (of efforts, endeavors, etc.) o to be sketched, khebsnkaj present participle of
be drawn p to be written 2 m. plural kahitb m. crop guarding, guarding the planted field(s)
idiom to avoid, shun, eschew something khekhatl intransitive [present: past: ] 1
to shirk work to feel ashamed, be ashamed 2 to press, put pressure on
to make answerable in court to be moved khekhatna f. 1 constraint, uneasiness, shame 2 pressing,
nearer putting pressure on
khulawl transitive [past: ] to kiss kahid f. 1 embroidery 2 decoration compound
1 khlj past participle of 2 verb a to embroider b to decorate 3 pattern, design 4 drawing,
illustration
2 khlaj, kuhlaj beautiful, pretty, handsome; comely
3 khlaj m. plural that which is predestined or fated, destiny, kahidakr f. embroidery
fate
kahidagr m. artist, painter
kahndraj m. 1 curved stick for securing a pack 2 beam,
kahidagra f. 1 embroideress 2 artist
bar (for tethering livestock), hitching rail
kahidj r m. artist, painter
1 khndj m. ice-skating khedj m. peacock, peafowl
2 kahndj m. farmer, tiller of the soil khegd stem of the present tense, perfective aspect of
khna f. 1 dragging, trailing (e.g., along the ground) 2
khgda imperative, perfective aspect of
pulling out, dragging out, extracting, getting 3 tearing out, pulling
khho khhod khhow past tense
stem of
out 4 extraction, mining (of minerals, etc.) 5 drawing (up),
getting (e.g., water from a well) 6 running, building (an irrigation
khehowlj past participle of
ditch) 7 extraction, removal (of a tooth) 8 taking off, pulling off
khekhl transitive [present: past: ]
1 to press, crush, squeeze; press in 2 to give a massage, massage,
(clothes) 9 recovery (of a debt) 10 sketching, drawing;
rub
representation, picture 11 writing
khawl, khawl transitive [past: ] 1 to pull, drag
khekhna f. 1 pressing, crushing, squeezing, pressing in
2 massage, massaging, rubbing
noisily 2 to compel to pull, compel to drag 3 to compel to sketch,
draw 4 to compel to write
khemanl transitive
khwndraj m. khnst Eastern past tense of
kahwandj m. curved pole in the upper part of a tent khenstl intransitive Eastern
kh f. 1 tug, trace (of a plow) 2 3 large net for khenst m. plural
straw
khenastl intransitive [present: past:
Western ]1 to sit down, take a seat; sit 2 to live, dwell,
khah r m.
inhabit 3 to make a landing, land to get up out of
1 khj past participle of 2
bed to make friends with somebody
2 khi ki Western, ke Eastern, khe Eastern,
to ascend the throne
Western kshi 1 postposition, in, into, to, on (in combination with
khenastna f. 1 sitting, seating 2 living, dwelling 3
the preposition or without it (Eastern dialect), used to denote
landing
location within something or motion to the interior of something)
khenanj
in the house on the street
khnust Western past tense of
along the road 2 separable verb prefix to sit down
khenawl transitive [past: ] 1 to seat 2 to
to get into someplace
settle (in a new place) 3 to plant (plants) 4 to place, locate, put 5
3 kahj, khj m. 1 mirab (the person who manages an to set up, assemble (equipment) 6 to put (in, into), install, insert
irrigation system and the procedure for water usage in Central (e.g., window panes, etc.) 7 to set down, land 8 to arrest
Asia) 2 watchman who stands guard over the crops 3 peasant to rouse from sleep
who is irrigating his crops khenawna f. 1 seating, setting (someone down to do
4
khaj m. pen (holder, for writing) something) 2 settling 3 planting (of plants) 4 placing, locating,
5
khaj gelded, castrated
583
putting 5 setting up, assembling (equipment) 6 installing, 2 kuf m.

inserting (e.g., dentures, window panes) 7 landing 8 arrest 3 kuf like, similar (to), resembling
1
khn present tense of 4 kaf m. foam, froth
2
khenj 1 low-land (of people who live in lower places 1 kuff r m. plural Arabic of
compared to others) 2 blowing from below (of the wind) 2 kif r Arabic non-believing, unbelieving (as a noun infidel,
khewt m. plural 1 getting, reaching, ending up, being atheist)
(e.g., in(to) a difficult position) 2 getting stuck (e.g., in a net) 3 kafrt, kaffrt m. Arabic kafr f. Arabic religion
lowering, reducing, reduction 4 penetrating, penetration expiation of guilt, atonement for sins compound verb
khwut past tense of in lieu of to expiate guilt, atone for sins compound verb to repent
khewatl intransitive [present: past: ]1 to of one's sins
get (somewhere), be found, find oneself, come to be kaf f m. Arabic 1 subsistence 2 sufficiency
to get caught in a net to fall into kaflt m. Arabic deputizing; performance of (one's) duties,
someone's hands to get into a difficult position substitution, acting for
2 to be lowered, descend, come down 3 to burst into, penetrate kifjt m. Arabic 1 sufficiency ... to
khewatna f. suffice, be sufficient 2 skill; ability, knack
khewtaj past participle, short form of kift n m. colloquial captain regional district
khewr m. peasant, farmer police chief
khewuz present tense stem of kaftr m. 1
khjost past tense of kafcham r m. cobra
khwot past tense of kafd r foamy
khejst m. plural 1 insertion; putting in; putting into kufr m. Arabic, kufr n m. 1 unbelief; atheism 2
(operation, service) 2 pulling in, dragging in blasphemy compound verb to blaspheme 3 figurative
khejstl transitive [present: past: ] indecent act ! It's no sin! 4 figurative
1 to insert; put in; put into (operation, service), introduce 2 to pull ingratitude
in, drag in 3 to subject to something kufrist n m.
khejstna f. kafasch f. grille, lattice, bars
kas b m. kafn m. Arabic shroud, winding sheet idiom to die in
ka'ba f. Kaaba (the sanctuary in Mecca) battle idiom to escape from the claws of death
kgh caw, caw (the cry of the crow) idiom a to swindle, to cheat when selling (something) b to charge
kg m. an exorbitant price
kagh ch 1 stubborn, obstinate, recalcitrant 2 triangular 3 ill- kafandzd m. 1 cemetery thief, grave robber 2 fleecier,
fitting (of clothes) flayer
kaghchtb m. kaghchw laj m. kafl m. Arabic deputy deputy prime minister
kaghchawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to acting department chief
make stubborn, make obstinate 2 to rebel against someone 1 kak m. 1 particle, crumb 2 blade of grass
kaghch f. stubbornness, obstinacy, recalcitrance 2 kak m. sugar-cane molasses
kgh r angry 3 kuk m. onion
kughlj m. 1 oven 2 pit, hole kakr m. wasps' nest
kaghr squinting, squint-eyed, cross-eyed 1 kakra, kakra f. skull
kghkj m. 2 kakra f. log thrown across an irrigation ditch; small bridge,
kghn kghnd hoarse footbridge
1 kghnd kghn hoarse 1 kukrj, kakrj m. puppy
2 kghnd m. crane (bird) 2 kakarj f. 1 skull 2 crown (of the head) 3 top, peak,
kghnda f. hoarse summit (of a mountain) idiom to be in great grief,
kghah r m. croaking experience keenly, mourn idiom to be greatly
kghedl intransitive [past: ] 1 to croak 2 to become upset, be mightily discouraged
hoarse, speak in a hoarse voice 3
kukrj feminine of
1
kaf, kaff m. Arabic 1 palm (of the hand) 2 foot 4
kakrj f. stones (of the urinary bladder)
room floor
584
kak, kak 1 dirty, soiled, polluted 2 aggravated, weighed kal f.

down by something; stricken (by grief, etc.) 3 having become kalbnd
passionately fond of, keen on something 4 defiled, profaned, kalbandedl denominative, intransitive [past: ]
impure, vile sordid person to be besieged, be encircled
kaktb m. kaktj f. kakw laj m. 1 kalch f. small fortress, stronghold; small village
dirt; pollution 2 baseness, meanness, vileness, infamy kulch f. Kulachi city (in the vicinity of Dera Ismail Khan)
kakawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to kal r
soil, make dirty, pollute 2 to aggravate, weigh down with kls m. 1 class (in school) courses to eliminate
something 3 to defile, profane illiteracy 2 class (category, sort) first-class
kaka 1 feminine singular of 2 f. prostitute railroad car
1 kaki f. plural compound verb a to cackle (of a klssiszm m. classicism
hen just before laying) b to call (of a partridge) klsifikshn m. classification
2
kaki, kaki f. plural of compound verb to classify
3
kakj m. sweets, confections (prepared on the occasion of klsk classical
the lambing of sheep and goats) klsik 1 classical 2 school, educational (of books,
kakedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to textbooks, manuals) 3 class
make oneself dirty, get dirty 2 to be aggravated, be weighed kalgh m. headband (women's)
down, burdened by something; be stricken (by grief, etc.) 3 to kul l m. potter proverb potter
take to, become keen on 4 to wallow (in impurities) 5 to be drinks water from a cracked pitcher
defiled, be profaned, be polluted; idiom to fall into kull f. stigma (of the pistil)
poverty 1 kull f. pottery potter's wheel
kakh m. re-roofing 2 kull plural of
kakn kal m m. Arabic 1 word; speech to interrupt
kaknkj m. kind of plover someone 2 literary work 3 poetic creation 4 grammar word
kkobj m. group, collocation; phrase part of speech
kaka f. colocynth, bitter apple kal mtawnkaj siege siege gun
1 kakaj m. 1 small loaf of bread 2 flat cake that is baked kal m-al m to speak not a word
on hot rocks 3 disk (of the moon, sun) the solar disk kal n large; senior
4 music phonograph record phonograph kalntr m. foreman; village elder, village headman
2 kakaj m. adolescent boy, teenager, juvenile kalnk r arrogant, conceited, haughty; putting on airs
1 kakj m. hoopoe kalnkr arrogance, haughtiness; conceit; putting on airs
2 kakwj m. lapwing compound verb a to put on airs b to swagger
kka f. corpuscle (blood) white blood kalwr m.
corpuscles
kalw f. skein, hank; ball, clew tangled ball
1 kki plural of idiom I am in total
2 kakj m. baby boy, babe in arms, infant confusion.
3 kkj m. kind of silk embroidery kalwapch m. reel
4 kakj f. baby girl, babe in arms, infant kljn klj 1 tin, stanic 2 m. plural tin
kaglch m. Eastern kulb, klab m. club
kagw laj m. 1 klp, klp m.
kagawl transitive Eastern 2 kalp 1 steep, with steep slopes, cliffy, craggy; almost
kag-wag f. Eastern inaccessible, difficult to access 2 broken terrain, rugged country
kagawl transitive Eastern 3 brutal, savage, bitter, fierce, violent a fierce battle
kag Eastern 1 feminine plural of 2 2 kind of embroidery to subject to intense fire
kagedl intransitive Eastern 3 kalp m. club
1 kal m. cake, oil-seed cake (used as fodder) kulp dzhoawnkaj locksmith; metal-worker
2 kal 1 bald; balding 2 mangy, scabby 3 Eastern shaven kulpkaj m. small lock
3 kul, kull Arabic 1 all, the whole of 2 general, universal; total kulpawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to lock
3 m. .1 the whole, all, everything 3.2 the collective
585
kalp f. duplicity, double-dealing, hypocrisy klakw gaj hard-mouthed (of a horse)

compound verb to engage in double-dealing, be duplicitous klakw laj m. 1 hardness, rigidity, solidity 2 strength,
kulpedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be durability 3 steadfastness, steadiness, staunchness 4 stinginess,
locked (up) miserliness 5 severity, harshness 6 intensity, ferocity 7
kult, kalt m. seeds of horse gram, Dolichos biflorus endurance (of animals) 8 depth (of feelings, etc.)
kultr, kaltr m. 1 culture national culture klakawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to
minister of culture 2 agriculture culture; crop make firm, harden 2 to thicken; condense; ram, tamp, pack 3 to
kultur cultural cultural ties strengthen, consolidate; fasten, secure 4 to lock (a door, etc.) 5 to
a delegation of cultural workers staunchly defend something 6
kaldzha m. naked barley, hulless barley compound verb to complicate, burden idiom to control
klach m. bag for carrying soil oneself, restrain oneself
kalchr m. culture Afghan culture klakawna f. 1 condensation; ramming, tamping 2
kalchar cultural; cultured strengthening, consolidating, securing 3 locking (a door, etc.) 4
kulch f. 1 pastry, biscuit; bun 2 bar of soap complicating, burdening
kulchapz m. baker klka 1 feminine singular of 2 f. .1 hard soil; hard
kulchaj turnip-like onions ground 2.2 zeal, exertion; energetic ... to
kolkhz, kalkhz m. kolkhoz, collective farm conduct a fierce battle
kolkhoz, kalkhoz 1 kolkhoz, collective-farm 2 m. kolkhoz 1 klak f.
worker, collective farmer female kolkhoz worker 2 klki feminine plural of
kald ra f. Indian rupee klakedl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] .1 to
klark m. regional clerk, office worker, employee, official, be firm, be hard; harden, get stronger; thicken, congeal, set 1.2 to
functionary, bureaucrat condense, be condensed, be rammed, be tamped 1.3 to be
kalsijm m. calcium strengthened, be consolidated, be fastened, be secured 1.4 to be
kalghchka f. magpie locked (of a door, etc.) 1.5 to exhibit persistence
kalgh f. 1 Why are you so insistent on this? 1.6 to be stingy,
klghj m. be miserly 1.7 to be severe, be stern, be cruel, be brutal 1.8 to be
kulf m. lock to lock the door intense, be fierce, be frantic 2 m. plural
the door is locked klakedna f. klaked m. plural 1 hardening,
1 kulft thick, heavy; dense to make solidifying; congealing, setting; condensing 2 strengthening;
thicker, thicken; condense consolidating; fastening, securing 3 perseverance, persistence 4
2 kilft m. Kelif stinginess, miserliness 5 cruelty, severity 6 ferocity
kulfk m. door bolt medicine hardening of the arteries
klak 1 hard, rigid, solid, firm; dense 2 strong, durable 3 kilkn m. 1
steadfast, steady, staunch 4 stingy, miserly 5 hard, severe, harsh; klgj m. 1 crown (of the head); top of a tyubeteika (an
coarse, rough; cruel, brutal with brute force 6 embroidered skullcap worn in Central Asia)
strong, fierce, violent fierce bombardment, heavy kall transitive [past: ] to measure (distance)
bombing 7 having great endurance (of an animal) 8 firm (of a kalltb m. measure, measurement (of distance)
hope, conviction) We are firmly convinced. 9 kalm m.
deep, profound (of feelings, etc.) 10 close (of a connection, tie) kalim t m. plural Arabic of 2
to have a close connection, maintain close
kalm gh walking gracefully
relations with somebody 11 solid, reliable (of scientific work)
klmk m. variety of grape
klak-plak very firm, very strong, very durable klamawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
klakpst crustacean crustaceans agriculture to vaccinate
klaktb m. 1
kulm f. gut, intestine appendix large
kalkt f. Calcutta intestine mutton sausage
klaktj f. 2 kalim f. Arabic [plural: kalim and m. plural: Arabic
kaleksjn m. collection kalim t] 1 word borrowed words
kalkl m. 1 idle or futile argument, wrangling,
squabbling 2 noise, din
586
word-formation errata 2 speech 3 religion symbol of kilogr m m.

faith, credo to pronounce the Islamic credo kull, kall m. plural grass pea, Lathyrus sativus
kulm watna f. hernia kalawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to cause
klamedl denominative, intransitive verb [past: ] balding, cause to become bald, promote baldness 2 to shave
agriculture to be vaccinated compound verb to shave one's beard
kaln year five-year seven-year kulul f. something round, object of rounded shape
kulndzh m. to cancel an agreement, abrogate a treaty
kuln m. stick (which is fastened to the neck of livestock) kilomtr m.
1 kalng m. 1 dowry 2 presents from the bride to the kalna plural of 1
husband's relatives 3 tribute, tax kalw m. anise
2
kulng m. [plural: kulang n] 1 fighting cock 2 1 kla, kla 1 when When will you come or arrive?
crane (bird) 3 hoe, mattock 4 cock, cocking piece (of a firearm) Since when? 2 some time, some day; ever;
kulangr m. Kulangar one day; sometimes I once saw this man
kulang 1 fighting fighting cock 2 long-legged ... since the time that since then
(of a person); leggy, lanky 3 figurative cocky, pert as soon as often from time to time a
kalna f. measure, measurement (of distance) sometime b from time to time ( at) another time
1 kalanj Eastern kulanj 1 yearly, annual annual Now he sits down - now he stands up.
budget How old is your son? 2 always never 3 really Could he
five-year plan really agree to that? ! Welcome! I am glad to see you!
2 klnj Eastern kalanj 1 existing for so much time 2 since 2 kal head dealer of boiled sheep's heads and feet
when kalapz m. dealer of roasted feet and heads of animals
klink m. kalapnj f. mumps
klinik kalaghuchk m. kalaguchak (a variety of grape)
1 kal oblique plural of 1 with years kalamin r m. history pyramid of the skulls of enemies
after many years killed in battle
2 klo oblique plural of 1 kalan kala 1 some time, some day 2 from time to time, at
times
3 kal m. shrike (bird)
kalw tsa f. material compensation for murder klanj 2
klb, kulb m. klp, kulp club kalaj m. plural tin
kal black; swarthy; black-haired 1 kil f. [plural: kilj kilij ni and kilig ni]
key plug electrical switch
klaj m. small village, hamlet
kluch 1 m. crusts of bread that remain on the walls of the oven 2 kul f. rinse, rinsing
2 wrinkled
3 kull Arabic [f. plural: kullij ] 1 general, common
kluchawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
general provisions in general
wrinkle; rumple, crumple
generalization 2 full, absolute full
confidence
klochj m. distaff, spinning wheel
kluchedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
4
klaj m. village kli peasant
kli peasant woman kli village elder
wrinkle, become wrinkled; become rumpled, become crumpled
klorof rm m. chloroform a to live in the same village with someone, be someone's
fellow-villager b figurative to share joys and sorrows with fellow-
kalor f. calorie
klorn m. chlorine villagers to associate with one's neighbors, interact
with fellow-villagers
kalsha f.
kloht, klhta, kalhta f. 1 tuft (of grass) 2 wisp (of
5
kalj polled, hornless
hair, wool) 3 tousled hair 4 tangled wool, snarled wool 5 knout,

6
kalj f. 1 corn, callus, callosity 2 place that has been rubbed
raw; veterinary medicine gall
whip, lash (made of plant fibers)
klohtawr 1 tousled (of the hair) 2 tangled, snarled (e.g.,
7
kilj plural of 1
of wool) 8
kalj feminine singular of 2
kalwha f. galosh 9
klj f. crested lark
587
10
kalj f. 1 slice (e.g., of watermelon) 2 bud 3 chopping of 3
kamm Arabic quantity in quantity and
sausage meat quality, in terms of quantity and quality
11
kle interjection shoo (cry used to shoo birds away form 4 km present tense first person of in lieu of
planted fields) kmmn Arabic quantitatively, in quantitative terms
kullij t m. plural Arabic 1 complete collected works 2 kam ba 1 with little water, shallow 2 not juicy (of fruit)
general proposition, general conclusion on the whole kamb f. 1 shoals; insufficient water 2 lack of juciness (of
3 fundamental principles fruit)
kalbr m. gauge; caliber kamch m. botany nightshade
klech strong, tough (of thread); spun, twisted kamazkm minimally, at least
klechawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to spin, kamisti'd d of scant ability, devoid of talent
twist (of thread, yarn, etc.) kamisti'm l little-used, rare
klechedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be kamsl of low pedigree, of lowly origin or birth, low-born
spun, be twisted kamfisbq Arabic as formerly, as before, as usual
klid n m. bolt, latch (e.g., of a door) 1 kam l Arabic 1 m. [plural: kamlna and Arabic
kaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to become kaml t] .1 perfection; completeness shb-i
bald, grow bald having achieved perfection 1.2 talent 1.3 proper noun Kamal
kalz 1 m. notebook-calendar 2 year fifteen-year 2.1 perfect; full 2.2 highest
kalis f. Christian temple, church churchmen 2 kam l m.
to become a priest kamlbaj m.
klish clich, stereotype kamld r 1 2 ! saying I wish you all the best!
klimshr m. village elder, village headman kamlz 1 m. plural Kamalzi (the tribe) 2 m. Kamalzai
kaln m. yearly pay (for work), yearly wages kuml, kaml f. 1 hay plant, Prangos (grown for feed) 2
giantfennel, Ferula Jaeschkeana
kilinr m. 1 driver's assistant 2 greaser, lubricator
kilink m. tongs, pincers; handle kaml excellent, superb; luxurious, posh luxury
items
klink m. clinic
klinik clinic, clinical 1 kam n m. regional
2 kam n m. 1 bow (weapon) 2 arc; arch; vault, dome
klijo oblique plural of 1
kamnch f. 1 kamancha (kind of violin) 2 small bow (for
kliw l combing cotton) 3 music bow
kliwl m. villager, peasant kam nd m. command under the command
kliw la f. peasant woman of someone to command an army, be an army
1 kliwl f. affiliation by birth or residence with the same commander
village; association for the purpose of mutual aid of people born in kam ndr m. kam nr m. regional commander
the same region but who are living elsewhere kaminkish f little-developed, poorly-developed
2
kliw li plural of kamnkh m. bowman, archer
3
kliw laj 1 village, rural rural commune 2 m. kamnkah f. shooting with bow and arrow
peasant, villager fellow-villager kamngr m. craftsman who makes bows for shooting
kullij 1 feminine and plural of 3 2 f. .1 general kamn f. winding, bend (of a river)
proposition, thesis; axiom 2.2 sum, total kamnj f. spring
1
km, kum interrogative-relative pronoun what, which (of a kam f. pay, wages compound verb to earn;
number of others, of many) Which of them? obtain (the means for existence)
when Since when? 1 kumb f. pottery, potter's workshop or studio
2 kam 1 small, little, insignificant; not many, few kambatj f. thimble for the thumb
few countries at a low price kambkht unfortunate, unlucky, destitute
to be content with little I rarely go to kambakht f. misfortune
the movies. 2 little, few, a little, some, negligible kambr m. colloquial 1
at least less than something 1 kambar bitter orange; orange
He is in no way inferior to others. a little (bit); little by little 2 kambrj m. bitter orange, Citrus aurantium
3 little, not a with little water, b not juicy (of fruit) 3 kumbraj m.
588
kmbrijn gelogy Cambrian kamchatk f. Kamchatka

kambl f. kambla f. 1 reversible rug, coarse carpet kamcha f. 1 long pole (for tying livestock) 2 stretcher made
saying to cut of poles (for carrying a dead person)
one's coat according to the cloth 2 cloak 3 woolen blanket; kamcha gta f. fourth finger, ring finger
traveling rug ... proverb a to finish, complete kamtsj f. dialect plait, tress, braid (woman's)
something b to weaken influence The kamhdzhma compact, of small size
time of slavery is past. kamhawsilag f. flabbiness; apathy; lack of initiative,
kambalj f. 1 butterfly 2 small variegated reversible rug lack of enterprise
kamb m. netting for straw (made of woolen thread) kamhawsil flabby; apathetic; lacking initiative, lacking
kambt m. the spirit of enterprise
kambut f. 1 kamkhrts 1 economical, cheap 2 of modest means
kambd 1 m. .1 shortage, lack, deficiency, deficit cheap but good
because of a shortage of paper 1.2 incomplete set kamkharts f. 1 cheapness, low prices 2 shortage of
1.3 vacancy 2 insufficient; lacking means, scantiness of means 3 lack of exactingness, lack of high
kambud f. 1 standards
kambodj f. Cambodia kamkhob f. insomnia, sleeplessness
kamb f. bin, corn crib; barn, granary insomnia
kambel f. monkey-face tree, Mallotus phillipinensis kamkhr kamkhor k 1 eating little, underfed 2
kamp m. camp moderate, restrained in food
kamp r m. potter kamkhor f. 1 malnutrition 2 moderation, restraint in food
kampl f. Kampala kamkhn anemic
kampn f. company foreign company kamkhun f. anemia
komprdr m. comprador, intermediary kamz t 1 doing manual labor 2 occupying a low status (in
kompresr m. compressor society)
kmpng m. life in tents, camp life kamz t f. baseness, meanness, mean act
kampan f. 1 kamr 1 m. precipice, slope; steep cliff, vertical mountainside
kamp m. regional camp a standing on the edge of a precipice or chasm b
kampajd uncommon, rare figurative old man 2 waist belt, sash
kampt m. kamp m. 1 stewed fruit, compote 2 2 kamr skewbald (of the color of horses, etc.)
canned fruit kamarbast 1 belted, girdled 2 prepared for a journey 3 at
kampuchij f. Kampuchea (someone's) service, prepared to serve (someone)
kampur m. regional kamarbnd m. 1 belt, sash 2 technology drive belt
kampozshn m. composition kamarchn gathered in at the waist
kompst m. compost, fertilizer kamarshikn 1 shattering, crushing 2 ruinous
kampaunr m. pharmacist, druggist kamargh laj m. cave, cavern, grotto
kampaunar f. pharmaceutics; the work of a pharmacist kamarka f. regional cupboard
kmpng m. kamarkis f. powder pouch (worn at the waist)
1 kamtr f. dialect dove, pigeon kamargl m. lichen
2 kamtr 1 little, few 2 smaller, less kamrnga kamrng 1 pale, dim, dull; faded
kamtra f. dialect female pigeon, dove dim light 2 weak (of tea)
kamtar f. a little, a bit; insufficiency, inadequacy kamr kamru subdued, pale; dim; weak
kamtb m. kamtj f. trifle, insignificance dim lamp
kamdzhjd d land-starved, land-hungry 1 kamr f. regional room cabin, stateroom
kamdzhjdd f. land shortage, land hunger dining room
kamdzhur't shy, timid, timorous, cowardly
2 kamar f. camera camera
kamdzhur'at f. timidity, timorousness, cowardliness
3 kamra f. capers
to struggle against shyness, overcome shyness
4 kamra f. married woman
kamdzhnsa of low pedigree; low-grade, low-quality 5 kamra feminine singular of 2
kamch m. tent pole
589
1 kamarj m. rice husks kamqimta cheap, inexpensive

2 kamrj m. (small) scoop kamqimat f. low prices, cheapness
kamzr weak, feeble, infirm compound verb kumk m. 1 help, support; assistance, good offices
to render assistance to someone
kamzortj f. kamzorw laj m. 1 to fail to render aid 2 grant, grant-in-aid, allowance
kamzorawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kamklj kamkaj tiny, wee, diminutive
weaken to weaken the economy 1 kumak 1 m. assistant 2 auxiliary grammar
1 kamzor f. weakness, debility, infirmity auxiliary verb
fallow land 2
kamkj 1 small, little
2
kamzraj I am youngster, young child 2 m. .1 child, baby 2.2 plural
unable to answer the question in detail kamkiy n children
kamzoredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to kamkitb m. kamkna f. kamkiw laj m.

weaken, grow weak childhood; nonage
kamsl kamgj taciturn, reticent, silent, uncommunicative
kamsr not broad, narrow kaml m. horse cloth, horse blanket
komsoml m. Komsomol (Young Communist League) kamlkma at least, at minimum
komsomol 1 Komsomol (of or pertaining to the kammj not having sufficient capital, insolvent, bankrupt
Komsomol) 2 m. Komsomolets (a member of the Komsomol)
kammihnt lazy; unconscientiously
kamsj f. plait, tress, braid (woman's)
kammahrt having poor skills, unskillful, not expert
kamshinr m. commissar high
komintrn m. history COM intern (Communist International)
commissar
kamnd m. 1 lariat, rope with a loop, lasso 2 rope ladder 3
kamtqta saa kamtqt weak, infirm, feeble hobble
compound verb a to weaken, grow weak b to kamndrj 1 undersized, shortest, stunted 2 weak, feeble
surrender, yield
kamnasba unlucky
kam'qla 1 foolish, stupid; unreasonable, unwise; weak- kamnasib bad luck
minded, imbecile 2 m. fool, foolish person kamnazra having weak eyesight, near-sighted, myopic
kam'aqltb m. kam'aql f. foolishness, stupidity; kamnra dim, dark Everything went
imbecility ! Don't act foolish! dark before his eyes.
kamghwhaj meager, lean, emaciated, gaunt, wiry, sinewy kam withered, wilted; faded
kamfursta busy, having no free time kamw laj m. wilting, withering; fading
kamfursat f. being busy, lack of leisure time kamawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
kamfkra not serious, frivolous, ill-considered, not well promote wilting, contribute to withering
thought through kamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to
kamfikr f. lack of seriousness, frivolousness, lack of due wither; fade; droop
consideration, poorly thought through to 1 kmo oblique plural of 1
show thoughtlessness
2 kmo oblique plural of 2
kamfhm 1 slow-witted, dull, slow-to-grasp 2 not very
kamw k kamw kaj 1 weak, low-powered 2 not of
conscientious; irresponsible
high quality
kamfahm f. 1 slowness, dullness; slow-wittedness 2
kamwk f. 1 weakness, low power 2 low quality
irresponsibility
kamw laj m. 1 insufficiency; insignificance 2 reducing,
kamqdr devoid of value, of little value, not valuable lessening
kamqadr f. condition of being of little value kam-u-bsh more or less
kamquwt 1 feeble, weak, infirm; low-powered 2 not kamda f. [usually plural kamdi] rice kasha with
productive, not efficient, of low efficiency 3 sterile, infertile
spices
kamquwatw laj m. kam-u-zij t more or less
kamquwta 1 kuml m. stork
kamquwat f. 1 weakness, infirmity 2 low efficiency 3
2 kamawl 1 denominative, transitive [past: ] .1 to
sterility, infertility
lessen, curtail, reduce 1.2 to lower, reduce (e.g., prices) 1.3 ...
590
to subtract 1.4 to soften, mitigate (e.g., a punishment) kams m. [plural: kamisna and Western
1.5 to diminish, denigrate (someone's dignity, authority, etc.) 2 kamis n] shirt undershirt; slip
m. plural .1 lessening, curtailing, reducing 2.2 lowering (e.g., idiom to be beside oneself with joy, be overjoyed (literally: to not
prices) 2.3 ... subtraction 2.4 mitigation (e.g., of a have enough room in one's shirt) idiom to be
punishment); diminishing, denigrating (dignity, authority, etc.)
senior in age (literally: to tear up more than shirts)
1 kamla f. fine, glassy rice proverb in life anything
2 kumla feminine of 1 can happen, there are joys and sorrows
komunst, kommunst 1 m. communist 2 communist(ic) komis r m. commissar border commissar

komunist, kommunist 1 communist(ic) komisrijt m. commissariat
communist society
komisr m.
communist party 2 m. communist
komisak r m. agent, broker forwarding
agent
komuns, kommuns m.
komunzm, kommunzm m. communism kmisj n m. plural decoration on a dress (made from gold-
colored leather)
1 kma, kma feminine singular of 1
komisjn m. commission
2 kma 1 feminine singular of 2 smaller 2 f. trifle,
kamisshn m. 1 trade commission, commission operation 2
insignificance regional officer rank; the officers
kamhimmta timid, timorous, cowardly kamishinr m. authorized agent; representative ..
kamhimmat f. timidity, timorousness, cowardice representative of the UN (United Nations)
1 kam f. 1 reduction, lessening 2 insufficiency, shortage kamishank r m. agent, broker
to satisfy someone's needs kamishankr f. commission operations
2 kam Arabic quantitative, numerical philosophy transport and forwarding operations
quantitative change komk comical, funny
3
kamj m. 1 lessening, curtailing, reducing 1 kamn younger
compound verb to be lessened, be curtailed, be reduced ... 2 kamn m. Arabic ambush
to be lessened, be curtailed; be kamintg 1 low, mean, base 2 vulgar, coarse
insufficient 2 shortage; scarcity food shortage 3 kamin 1.1 small, insignificant, unimportant 1.2 humble,
pinching, infringement, constraint, limitation to meek, submissive, obedient 1.3 regional mean, base, low 2
consider it a humiliation regional, abusive scoundrel!, villain!
kamj ba rare, seldom encountered kamin f. humility, meekness, submissiveness
kamjb f. rarity km jw Someone has arrived.
kimj kamjuns m.
kamijt m. Arabic quantity, number kamjunis
transition from quantity to quality kamjunzm m.
kamit f. 1 committee 2 commission permanent 1 kn digging, carving worker who is digging irrigation
commission credentials committee ditches
kamijat 2 2 kn doing, making hard-working; worker, collaborator
kami f. kan t m. 1
kumed n m. regional 1 chief of police 2 colloquial major kunawr having a broad rump, having a wide posterior,
kamedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be having fat buttocks
lessened, be curtailed, be diminished 2 to lose weight 3 to be kunj m. seat, posterior buttock
lowered, be reduced (e.g., of prices) 4 ... to be subtracted kan r m. 1 land, place 2 arms, embrace
5 to be softened, be mitigated (of a punishment); be diminished,
kanr, kinr f. land, place to avoid
be denigrated (of someone's dignity, authority, etc. ) to keep aloof to live in seclusion
kamedna f. kamed m. plural 1 lessening, curtailing, kanragir f. voluntarily stepping aside; non-participation
reducing His fame is fading. 2 loss of kunrj m. dialect butcher
weight 3 fall, reduction (e.g., of prices) knz m. prince
komed f. kome f. comedy 1 kan l m. kanal (a measure of area equal to jareeb; 1 jareeb
kamern m. Cameroon = 22 yards)
591
2 kan l m. 1 canal 2 figurative channel; instance, authority kandzhakj m. 1 pin 2 lower jaw, mandible 3 elephant
kanwz m. 1 taffeta (a silk fabric) 2 cotton cloth driver's hook, mahout's hook
kinjt m. Arabic kinj f. Arabic 1 hint; indication 2 kundzhulk rumpled, crumpled
allegory; metaphor 1 kandzhn crushed, ground, pulverized
kanpl m. first footprint 2 kandzhn coquettish
kantrl m. 1 monitoring, supervision, checking, inspection, kandzhw la f. conceit, complacency, smugness
control monitoring instruments 2 relating, governing kandzho f.
traffic regulation 3 steering, controlling (an kandzhs 1.1 stingy, miserly 1.2 mean, base, foul 2 m.
airplane etc.) 4 subordination, compliance; keeping in check, miser, skinflint
keeping under control a to get out of control b kandzhus f. 1 stinginess, miserliness 2 meanness,
to get out of compliance compound verb ; baseness, mean act
compound verb ; kandzhugh f. strap at the rear saddletree for attaching
He lost self-control. something
kantrler m. inspector, controller kandzhawl transitive [past: ] 1 to spoil, pamper
1 kantrolawl denominative, transitive [past: ] someone 2 to describe in glowing terms, shower praise on
1 to monitor, to supervise, to check, to inspect, to control 2 to someone (thereby baiting the others) 3 to bid up, drive up the
regulate 3 to steer, to drive, to control (an aircraft, etc.) 4 to price of something
subordinate, to make compliant, to keep in check, to keep under 1 kundzh f. kundzhj f. [plural: kundzhj and
control kundzhij ni] literally & figuratively key
kantrol monitoring, checking, inspection, control to wind a timepiece
2 kantroledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 2 kundzhj f. [plural: kundzhij ni] water pitcher,
to be monitored, be checked, be inspected, be controlled 2 to be water jug
regulated 3 to be driven, be steered, be controlled (of an aircraft, kandzhejl transitive
etc.) kandz f. curse, oath, swear-word; swearing, abusive language
kanrl m. compound verb to swear
kanrolawl transitive kandzrj m. manna (on the cotoneaster)
kanroledl intransitive kandz m. blanket
kankn cotton kandzkj m. main beam of a tent (to which the ribs are
1 kandzh m. 1 coquetry, flirtation 2 clowning, affected airs, attached)
grimacing, making faces 3 scorn, disdain compound verb kandzl 1 transitive verb [past: ] to scold, rail at,
1
a to flirt, behave coquettishly b to clown, grimace, make faces c abuse verbally 2 m. plural abuse, bad language, swearing
to scorn, disdain compound verb to swear, abuse verbally
2 kundzh m. corner; secluded nook 2 kandzl m.
kundzhr m. oil cakes (used as livestock feed) 1 kundzla f. sesame
kundzht m. plural sesame 2 kandzla f. [usually plural kandzli] verbal abuse,
kandzhap m. crab bad language, swearing compound verb to swear, abuse
kundzhdi f. plural sesame verbally
kandzhr shameless, imprudent, unfit kandzl m. (over)coat, top-coat
kandzhrj f. shameless woman; strumpet, trollop kndza f. index finger
kandzhaghwt narrow and dark 1 kand m. 1 ravine; gorge 2 crack 3 pit 4 honeycomb
1 kandzhk m. 1 compound verb to build a honeycomb
2 kandzhk m. 1 pole with a hook on the end for dragging a 2 knd, kind m. 1 rags 2 dress of a fakir or dervish, rags, tatters
roller (during threshing) 2 hook 3 kund literally & figuratively dull
3
kundzhk m. sesame seed oil, 4 kand m.
tahini kand gh, kund gh m. butt, stock (of a firearm)
kundzhkw f. curiosity inquisitiveness kand l m. igniter, primer (of a firearm)
kundzhka f. 1 cowry (a shell used as money) 2 penny, kandnj f. sugar bowl
brass farthing insignificant loss kindph m. ragamuffin, ragged fellow
592
kndra, kndara f. ravine; hollow, depression kunstb m. kanstj f. kunsw laj

extremely rugged terrain m. absence of teeth, toothlessness
1 kandraj m. crock kan l m. 1 earthenware bowl 2 vat, tub (for dyeing) 3
2 kandrj m. plain laundry tub
kandgh laj m. ravine, hollow, gully; precipice kanl f. 1 firing chamber (of a flintlock firearm) 2
kandkj m. yashmak border (embroidered with silk) flowerpot 3 pot (for melting butter)
1 kundl m. proper noun Kundil 1 kan w m. break, breach; slit
2 kandl, kindl transitive [present: past: ] to dig 2 kan w 1 defective 2 polled, hornless
kuntn m. widowhood
kandlhaj m. sugar bowl kanr, kanr m. 1 ruins 2 passageway made in a wall by
1 kand m. [plural: kandu nand kandug n] 1 robbers compound verb to dig a passageway 3 dwelling
bin, corn-crib (woven and coated with clay) 2 storehouse (for place of goblins and ghosts
grain) kanraj m. burdock that has gotten stuck in the wool of
2
kand oblique plural of
1
to fall, sheep
sink into obscurity 1
kank m. 1 battalion communications
1
kanduj m. 1 small bin, small corn crib 2 case, box, battalion transport battalion 2 part of a herd of sheep
chest or goats numbering up to three hundred head 3 part of something
2 kandaj m. crock 2
kank m. 1 hunk, chunk piece of bread 2
1 knd f. 1 ravine; hollow, depression 2 pit, cavity; precipice, fragment
abyss 3 common grave 4 figurative precipice, gulf, abyss, chasm kankapr dialect
the abyss of war to perish; slip kanakmshr m. major
over a precipice proverb the sun 1 kanak battalion
2
kund f. 1 log 2 butt, stock (of a firearm) 3 plow beam 4 2 kankj m. hard, frozen piece of something, lump, clod
post, column to become engaged to, exchange kankn cotton
rings with kanalj f. 1 large burdock 2
kandh r m. kanw 1 m. .1 (mountain) pass 1.2 excavation, hollow; gap
kandhr 1 m. plural Kandhari (a subdivision of the Safi (in a wall) to make a hole in a wall 1.3
tribe) 2 kandhry m. a Kandharai tooth, cog, lug 2 pitted, scratched; pierced
1
kund f. polishing, glazing (cloth) kanwl f. 1 ruins compound verb to destroy 2
2
kandj m. 1 neighborhood of a village the western the site of an ancient town
part of a village the eastern part of a village 2 crock kanr f. fat or grease that is used to soak paper that is to be
kundj m. woolen rope, woolen cord
3
used instead of glass
4 kand, kndi plural of 1 1 kanri m. plural gum, resin
5 kand plural of 2 2 kanraj m distance between the thumb and index finger
kandid r m. village elder; foreman kanski m. plural ear of maize with husks on
kndi-kudri f. kndi-kndi f. plural broken
kan-u-kapr 1 scattered, strewn, diffused 2 broken 3
chipped, notched compound verb a to scatter, strew;
land, rough terrain
spread b to break, crush c to make notches in, chip
kandl m. 1 ditch 2 earthenware dish
compound verb a to be scattered, be strewn; be spread b to be
1 kan m. plural 1 gum, resin 2 3 broken c to be chipped
2 kan m. small piece, small chunk (of sugar, etc.) in kanw-kanw chipped toothless teeth
pieces kankaj m. small piece; slice
3 kun m. widower kanl m. 1 earthenware bowl, clay mug 2 toothless person
kun , kan 1 thick-lipped 2 having a harelip 3 with a
3 figurative lunar disk 4 crock proverb
broken or broken off horn (of livestock) one's patience is exhausted
kan ti f. plural colostrums kanla f. flowerpot
kun s, kan s 1 toothless 2 m. toothless, mumbling old kanolj m. 1 small earthenware scoop 2 small bowl, small
man handleless drinking cup 3 drinking bowl (for birds) 4 crock
kanaww laj m. break, breakthrough, breach
593
kanawawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to 2 kanf m. kenaf, Hibiscus cannanbinus

chip, make chips, make notches in 2 to break, chop off a little kanfedersjn m. confederation
piece of something kanfer ns m. 1 lecture, report compound
kanwaj m. small piece; slice verb to make a report 2 conference conference hall
kanawedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to 3 stage performance
be chipped, chip 2 to be broken, be chopped (off) kanfekshanar f. 1 confectioner's shop 2 confectionery
1
kana f. 1 balance, scale (used by pharmacists, jewelers) 2 kankrk frozen
balance or scale pan to verify experimentally kunkr f. medicine trachoma
2
kan f. source of a river kankraj m. crust of bread that has stuck to the wall of an
3
kna f. widow oven
saying there's no way out (literally: a widow had two oxen, one kankk m. kite
wouldn't go out, the other wouldn't come in) kang sh m. history tribal council
4 kun f. hook 1 kang l lone, solitary, single
5 kn f. statue, sculpture 2 kang l m. washed (clean) dishware
1 kanj f. hunting 1 blind (hiding place for hunters) 2 trap kanglawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
hole wash up, rinse (plates and dishes)
2 kanj f. kanglawna f. washing, rinsing (of dishes)
3 kunj f. wooden cup, wooden bowl, wooden saucer kang li rinsed dishwater
kanj la f. 1 stall, stable (for livestock) 2 ruins kangledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
kan-kapre f. plural 1 uneven, very rugged terrain 2 washed (of dishes)
bumpy road kangkh, kangakh m. kangakha f. 1 chips and
kanrkaj m. roast made from dried meat brushwood 2 wood that has been washed ashore by a river
kun m. Kunar (river and region) the Kunar Valley kangr m. pumice
Kunar Province kangirkhl m. leavings, leftovers; remnants of straw
kuna Kunar Kunar rice 1 kangar f. pieces of ice, sludge (on a river)
kanz nmen m. 1 consignment of goods 2 bill of lading 2 kangr, kungur f. 1 turret 2 merlon 3 wall with loopholes
4 embrasure, gun port 5 plume (on a helmet) 6 decoration,
kanzl transitive 1
ornamentation (on a crown) 7 summit (of a mountain) 8 upper
kunzla f. 1
part of a wall 9 tooth, cog (of a wheel)
knza gta f. fourth finger
kans confused, embarrassed, perplexed; stunned, surprised 3
kangr f. congress; conference, convention party
congress
knst m. digging; excavating
kunastr m. dregs 4 kangr f. trachoma
kanstk m. miser, skinflint 1 kangrj, kungrj m. puppy; cub
knastl transitive 2 kangrj f. 1 built-in cupboard; niche 2 grating at the top
of a wall
kunsa f.
kansrt m. concert kangrezj m. 1 echo an echo
kanserw f. canned food resounded in the mountains 2 ringing in the ears

kansktb m. kansktj f. stinginess, miserliness My ears are ringing.
kanskaj 1 stingy, miserly 2 mean, base, foul 1 kang m. narrow bracelet; bracelet, hoop (among the fakirs,
etc.)
konsentr t m concentrate
kunswaj 2 kang m.
kunsht m. temple 3 kang m.
kanht m. kangj m. hail
kngh ra f. pelvis kingzun m. Kingston
kanghhaj m. 1 kangs m. narcissus
1 kanf m. Arabic [plural: kanafna and Arabic 2 kangs m. stumbling compound verb to
stumble
akn f] 1 land, place; environment, neighborhood 2 edge, border,
selvage
kangl, kangl 1 m. ice compound verb to freeze,
become covered in ice 2.1 frozen, stiff from the cold; covered
594
with ice 2 hardened compound verb ; ka kha f. 1 cinereous vulture, black griffon 2 black crow
compound verb kaw f. [usually plural kaw] sandals with wooden
kanglzaj m. glacier soles
kanglnaj m. icehouse (cellar) ktj f. deafness
kangalawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to kalgh m. plural Karluki (a Turkish people)
freeze 2 to make hard, solidify katskaj a bit deaf, a little hard of hearing
kangaledl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to kaawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to deafen;

become frozen, freeze; become covered with ice; become stiff with cause to become deaf, make deaf
cold 2 to harden, become hard kaawna f. making deaf
kang m. 1 ka, k 1 feminine singular of 2 2 f. [plural:
kang m. saffron kaij ni] deaf female
kangor f. edging, trimming (of a veil, etc.) kahts
kangsaj m. ka, wrgha f. raven
kangol f. earthenware dish (for the long-term storage of 1 ki f. plural snivel, snot
grapes)
2 kaj m. 1 textiles warp (of fabric)
knga f. tombstone tighten the warp 2 the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor
1 kngi m. plural dung, excrement (Big Dipper and Little Dipper)
2 kangj f. 3 kaj m. botany bindweed
kangin f. 4 kaj f. woodencup
kinl, knl transitive 5 ka feminine plural of 2
konwnsijn m. convention kaj innumerable, countless, numberless thousands
knobj m. dregs, leftovers, orts kaajb f m.
1 knd imperfect of kaedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to become
2 knd m. digging deaf, grow deaf 2 to stop (sounding, e.g., of a bell)
knodl transitive kaajwl m. weaver of carpets and reversible rugs
knhaj m. saddle 1 kaw m. hump (of a camel)
kanawl transitive Eastern 2 ku present tense perfective aspect first person plural of , in
kannkaj 1 present participle of 2 m. engraver lieu of
1 kan, kna f. tick 3 ku interjection Would you believe it; How do you like that;
2 kan f. edge, selvage (of material, a shawl) Well, I'll be
3 kna f. bottom proverb to be unable kwatj f.
to see beyond the end of one's nose (literally: at the bottom of a
kw m. three- or four-year-old camel that is being used to
lamp it is dark)
carry loads for the first time
4
kna f. 2 kwagj m. three-year-old camel
5
kan, kan intensifying particle Well, are you
kaw talkative, garrulous
coming or not? But I also came to him. !
kwj f. hole (for playing ball)
Now drink! ! Yes, indeed! in a different way
kawrch f. wicker basket
kinakin f. quinine kwrtst m. kwrst m. mineralogy quartz
1 kin, kn present tense of kawr f. large and narrow basket for grapes
2 kn present tense second person of kw f. city gates, the gates to the city
3 kan differently, in a different way, else, otherwise kaw aj m. pick
You'd better go or else I'll leave. kawz f. scaffolding
kaner f. canary kwghj f.
kanza f. 1 maidservant, housemaid 2 concubine kawkb m. plural Arabic of
kanis f. temple kaw l m.
kunikabr m. crab ku la lumpr m. Kuala Lumpur
kunn m. plural quinine kawl f.
kunij f. Arabic nickname, sobriquet kwmint ng m. Kuomintang (Guomindang)
k m. snivel, snot
595
kaw ndaj m. decorated headband of a camel (bearing the kupedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to stoop;
bride on the wedding day) become bent over 2 to bend, curve
kwj f. name of a children's game kopk m. kopeck
kwj-kw j imitation of the cry of the jackal 1 kot m. sawhorse, stand, rack (for stacking firearms)
kub, kwab 1 m. hump 2 humpbacked 2 kwt, kawt 1.1 fold, pleat, crease 1.2 wrinkle 2 m. .1
kub f. Cuba pleated 2.2 wrinkled; creased 2.3 taut, braced, drawn in (of the
kob lt m. plural cobalt belly, abdomen) compound verb a to make folds, create
kob j m. guinea pig pleats b to wrinkle; crease c to tighten, draw in (the belly,
kub 1 Cuban, Cuba's 2 m. Cuban, inhabitant or abdomen) compound verb a to be pleated b to wrinkle,
native of Cuba break into wrinkles c to be taut, be braced, be drawn in (of the
kub withered, faded belly, abdomen)
kobalka f. mushroom 3
kot m. long cavity where nomads put their lambs in the
1 kubj m. cog of a water-lifting wheel winter
2 kubj m. tablecloth with food, refreshments 4 kawt gouty
3 kubj humped, having a hump (of a bull, camel, etc.)
5 kot imperfect of 1
4 kobj f. 1 bladder 2 stomach that is stuffed with pieces of
the dried fat of sheep's tails (kept for winter) 3 cupola, dome kawt r 1 busy, occupied with something 2 enveloped, seized,
1
kop m. fast run, running fast compound gripped
verb to run fast, rush kot n m. 1 pelican 2 3

2
kup 1 humpbacked, bent, stooped compound verb kot h short; compound verb to shorten, reduce;
2 m. hunchback
curtail, abbreviate compound verb to be shortened, be
kop m. donkey ambler, donkey pacer reduced, be curtailed, be abbreviated
kop l m. wicker seat kothbn 1 near-sighted, myopic 2 short-sighted,
kop n m. camel's hump unforeseen, improvident
kopertf m. cooperative kothbin f. 1 myopia 2 improvidence, lack of foresight,
kopershan m. organizing in a cooperative short-sightedness
kop m. high hat (worn by Turkmen women) kothfkr short-sighted, improvident, superficial, shallow;
kopa f. coconut; the kernel of the coconut, copra unreasonable, unwise
1 kopj f. skull kothqd, kothqdd short, of short stature, undersized,
2 kupj f. small wineskin dwarfish
3 kopj m. fossula below the knee koth f. 1 a trifle, a little bit 2 brevity 3 shortage 4
1 kopl f. 1 northern skylark 2 regional crested lark omission, neglect
2 kopla f. clumsily sewn chokemen; chokemen that fits like a kothawlad r m. history sub-ensign
sack 1 kawtr m. pigeon, dove
koplj f. saddletree 2 kutr m. large muskmelon with ribs
kopenh gn m. Copenhagen kotr m having accumulated, gathered, having crowded
kopaj f. 1 urinary bladder 2 bubble to together; driven together compound verb to drive
draw air into the mouth together into one place
kupawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to arch, kawtargh aj m. kind of taffeta

hunch, make hunched 1 kutrkaj m. trap, snare (for birds, made of goat horn)
1 kop f. haircutting compound verb to cut (the hair) 2 kutrakj m. little puppy
2 kop f. niche in a wall for a lamp kotrm
1 kop f. copy 1 kawtra f. 1 female pigeon, female dove 2 pigeon, dove
2 kupj m hunchback wild pigeon domestic pigeon
3 kopj m. milk pail carrier pigeon tumbler-pigeon 3 proper noun
4 kupj f. powder flask Kawtara
5 kupj f. hunchback 2
kotr 1.1 shredded, cut up, broken 1.2 beaten, thrashed,
6 kopj f. 1 saddle-tree 2 small wineskin used for oil 3 the beaten up compound verb a to shred, cut b to thrash,
husk of an acorn beat up 2 f. chopped greens (stems, stalks etc. as fodder)
596
1 kawtri plural of 1 2 kokha f. 1 poor little room 2 garden shed

2 kutrj m. puppy kurkaj m. foal of a donkey
3 kawatrj m. door jamb korn besieged, dug in a fortress
kut f. bosom kuk m. 2
kwtgh laj m. place on the slopes of a mountain or hill that kog r m. regional guard room
is illuminated by the sun, place where the sun is hottest kogj m. small fort
1 kutk, kotk m. 1 stick, cudgel, club 2 shepherd's crook; kul transitive [past: ] 1 to pound; crush 2 to beat,
brute force strike; to beat severely 3 to chop (e.g., meat) 4 to thrash, thresh
2 kotk m. back of the head, occipital komrshl m. regional military court, military tribunal
kwt, kwt 1 pleated 2 wrinkled, creased komshr m.
1 kotl m. steep mountain-pass road 1 kona f. female pelican
The car climbed to the pass. 2 kuna f. 1 pounding; crushing 2 beating, beating up 3
2
kotl m. spare horse, reserve horse; a horse that is being led chopping (e.g., meat) 4 thrashing
3
kotl crop-eared 1
kwanj f. 1 name of a children's game 2 small heap
kutl transitive [past:
4
] 1 to cut, chop (e.g., meat) 2 2
koanj f. 1 poor little room, little room, closet 2 small
to kill, slaughter house, hut, peasant's house 3 hunting blind
kutldzj m. slaughterhouse, abattoir kow l m. chief of police
1 kutna f. 1 cutting, chopping (e.g., meat) 2 killing, 1 kowl 1 m. chief of police 2 f. police administration
slaughtering 2 kww laj m. hatching, brooding (of chicks)
2 kotan f. short trousers (for girls) koawr large-headed, macro-cephalous
kuta f. female pelican kwaawl, koawl denominative, transitive [past: ]
kut m. pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata to gather, assemble
kwtawr with gathers, gathered; shirt with gathers 1 kunkaj present participle of
kwtawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to make 2 kwaawnkaj present participle of
pleats, pleat 1 ko f. 1 room living
kutnaj m. dressed-out lamb (or ox, sent by the bridegroom room dining room
to the bride's house for the wedding feast) pantry bedroom
kotahandsh careless, imprudent, incautious; improvident study room classroom
kotahandesh f. carelessness, imprudence; improvidence hothouse library (in a house) 2 ward (in a hospital) 3
1 ktaj, kwtaj m. 1 corner, nook 2 dimple (on the cheek or house with a flat roof 4 cell (of a honeycomb) 5 cabin, stateroom
chin) 3 fossula below the knee 6 shaft of a (water) well
ktaj m. puppy, puppy dog
2
2
compound verb to put into a
kwa f. 1 pile, heap
3 kutj f. box pile, gather into a heap; pile up, heap up
4 kte cry by which people call a puppy to come to establish food supplies compound verb to be put
kutil l m. Daphne, Daphne oleoides into a pile, put in a heap; be gathered up 2 mass, bulk (of a
1 ko m. small fort substance) 3 hillock, hill
2 ko m. 1 small village, small settlement 2 used in place 3
kwa having stopped laying (of a hen)
names, e.g., Pushtunkot 4
ku 1 from the breed of mongrels or sheep-dogs (of dogs
3 ko m. 1 sawhorse, stand, rack (forstacking firearms) 2 pile, except for hunting dogs, or hounds) 2 m. dog; mongrel, watchdog
heap 3 supply, reserve grain reserves 5
ko 1 false, counterfeit 2 dull, limited; stupid
4 ko m. 1 overcoat, topcoat overcoat short compound verb a to falsify, counterfeit b to make stupid
coat 2 jacket compound verb a to become counerfeit, false
5
kw m. cackle, cackling compound verb to His luck has betrayed him. b to become stupid, foolish 3 not
cackle giving milk (of cattle)
6 ku m. alloy of iron, lead, copper, tin, gold, silver, etc. 6 ku f. boulder
kobnd m coat hanger to hang 7 ku imperfective imperative of
the clothes on a hanger koatb m. 1 fake, forgery, counterfeit 2 dullness,
1
kukha f. 1 fur hat with ear flaps 2 muzzle (e.g., for a narrow-mindedness; stupidity
dog) ko ghwajj m non-working ox
597
koagj f. koanj f. 2 compound verb to make small, make insignificant;

koaw laj m. diminish, lessen to squint
koh f. dialect 1 to make light of someone's role to
1 ku present tense of be upset over trifles 1.2 small, short ...
2 kwi plural of 2 kuchn kuchn with small steps 2 m. baby, small child
3 kwi feminine plural of 3 children from the youngest to the oldest,
young and old alike
4 koj m. [plural: ko and koij n] 1 head (of an
animal) 2 abusive noggin
kuchnitb m.
5
kaj m. little donkey, the foal of a donkey
kuchnjzhbz linguistics uvular
6
kwaj m. wooden bin, crib
kuchniw la f. kuchniw laj m. 1 childhood 2
small size
7
kwaj m. corner
8
koj f. 1 palace, villa 2 building kochw n m. regional coachman, driver; cabman, drayman
governorship building 3 bank office 4 history trading station,
kuchaj small, little; tiny, wee
trade office and settlement of European merchants 5 goods
kuchumurghj f. yellow wagtail
warehouse
1 kawch f. cobra
2 koch, kuch m. plural boiled whole grain (wheat, etc.)
9 ke f. feminine of 2
3 kuch f. disease of the donkey
10 ke cry by which people drive awayl a young donkey 4 kawch f. kind of spoon; ladle
compound verb to drive a young donkey away 1 kuch m. plural butter butter churn
11 ko plural of 1 2 kochj 1.1 nomadic 1.2 migratory (of birds) 2 m. nomad
kujlj f. 1 crucible (of a jeweler, etc.) 2 blast furnace 3 kochj, kuchj m. anatomy Achilles' tendon
kojtn f. plural regional litigiousness, malicious 4 kchaj m. small donkey, young donkey
litigation 5 kochj f. short felt robe
koiwl m. 6 kochj, kuchj f. swallow (bird)
1 kawsr m. Arabic 1 spasm of the masticator muscles 2 gust kochijn nomadic, nomad's nomadic lifestyle
of cold wind; streams of cold air kochitb m. roaming, wandering, leading a nomadic life
2
kawsr m. Arabic religion Kawsar (the name of a spring or nomadic lifestyle
well in Paradise) kochedl intransitive [past: ] to roam (like nomads);
kodzhrki f. plural vertebrae migrate, move to a different place
1 kuch, kwch m. plural Eastern butter kuchinj
2 koch, kuch m. roaming; migration compound verb a kudzedl denominative, intransitive dialect
to roam; migrate b to set out, start for, set off for c to go away, kwats m. stack of firewood
get out ! Get out! to lead away kawtsr, kawtsr m. 1 wing 2 (book) cover
kauch m. couch; sofa
3
innerspring sofa kawtsar f. [usually plural kawtsar]
4 kawch empty, hollow kawtsk m.
kuch m. small child kutskj m. young donkey, donkey foal
kuchtb m. kuchw laj m. childhood kotsw m. sleeveless felt gown
kuchkhl m. hood, cowl 1 kuts f. street; side street
kuchkrl transitive [past: ] to call a dog 2 kwtsa f. 1 garbage dump, trash heap 2 place near a trivet
kuchkch cry by which people call a dog where fuel is piled
kuchl gh m. sheepfold, sheep pen 3
kwats f. endeavoring; compound verb to try,
kuchl na f. skin for keeping butter endeavor
kwuchlan f. kuchla f. butter dish kutsaband f. barricade
kochm l, kuchm l m. 1 driver of pack animals 2 guide of a kutsadrb m. kutsab m. kutsagrb m.
caravan, troop column guide 3 time of moving camp (of nomads) tramp, vagrant. vagabond, hobo, homeless person
kuchanj m. young one, young of kutsagard f. vagrancy, vagabondage
kuchnokaj tiny, wee kutsaght m.
kuchnaj kuchnj 1.1 little, small, diminutive; kutsaw l m. neighbor on the same street
insignificant little boy small room
598
kawtsj f. braid, plait, pigtail She has 3

kawj f. cowry (a shell used as money in India and other
long braids compound verb to make braids, plait one's countries) proverb to become the talk of the
hair town
kud m. fertilizer; fertilizer organic koka f. neck of a wineskin
fertilizer chemical fertilizer 1 kor m. [oblique singular ]kl 1 house, dwelling
kodkhl m. plural the Kodakheil (a branch of the at home Yesterday I was at home.
Momands) I have much to do at home. I
kodlj f. had to stay home. from house to house
kudt , kudet f. revolution, coup d'etat to homeward lodgers family doctor
carry out a revolution, stage a coup domestic affairs housekeeping
kawdrkaj m. kawdraj m. shard, potsherd, fragment group of house-building enterprises
kudk m. muscular stomach of birds, gizzard Eastern beside the house to
kawdaj m. destroy, ruin to be
kodk m. child, baby destroyed, be ruined; go to pot ! idiom May you rot
kodakist n m. kindergarten in hell! ! May your house prosper!
kodla f. compound verb to rob, plunder to look after
kawdn dull, limited; stupid, imbecile oneself first 2 square on a chessboard; division (of a table) 3
kawdnw laj m. dullness, narrow-mindedness; stupidity; honeycomb cell beehive 4 family (especially the
imbecility female half) head of the family a family man
1
kawd f. 1 tuft (of grass); small sheaf (of wheat, etc.) 2 (as contrasted to a bachelor) all
small stack; rick, shock family members ! idiom a Curses on your house!
2 kod f. loose edge of an irrigation ditch b May you remain wifeless!
1 kawdj m. great-great-grandson to get married, start a family 5 country, motherland 6 (social)
2 kawdj m. 1 smoked potsherd, fragment 2 earthenware pot environment, surroundings; circle between us
idiom to kill someone without a knife; in government circles 7 dowry
destroy, ruin utensils and furniture given to the bride as a dowry
kawdk m. earthenware pot 2 kwr, kwr m. plural grapes vineyard
kokhl m. plural to prune a vine The grapes have
kobelj m. dormouse (rodent) ripened.
kokha f. hut, cabin, shack, hovel, shanty 3
kur m. croaking compound verb to croak, make
kor m. curved shovel croaking noises
kugh la f. kugh laj m. 4 kwr m. wet soil, swampy, marshy place
kuka f. antitank pit 5 kor m. crab
kog charming, possessing charm 6 kwar equal, identical, the same as
kogr m. [plural: kogr and kogar n] 1
7 kor blind
magician; sorcerer 2 shaman
8 kor m.
kogra f. 1 magician; sorceress 2 shaman kur f. Kura Kura River
kul f. 1 kur aj m. allotment, plot of land; (garden) bed
kolbaj m. conjurer; juggler 2 kor aj interned; under house arrest
kula f. korkr from house to house, house by house
civil war
kualj f. shanty, hovel, small hut
kowj f. earthenware bowl, earthenware saucer korbn plural of
ka f. [usually plural ki1] charms, witchcraft, sorcery, korbl m. korbla f. groans, moans, groaning,
moaning; howling; wailing compound verb
magic compound verb to conjure, practice witchcraft
to moan, groan; howl; wail, cry, weep
1 koj m. magician; sorcerer
2 kuj f. 1 hut, cabin, shack, hovel, shanty korban f. housewife
dug-out 2 summerhouse, pergola kawarb m. vineyard
korb m. [plural: korbn] 1 master of the house 2
head of the family, a married man, family man
599
korbtb m. homeownership; having a family kurgh laj m. small plot amidst large fields
kurpach f. small mattress kwrghawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to
korpsh homeless declare to be a reserve, be designated a preserve
1 korp f. aftermath, aftergrowth, aftercrop (a second growth 1 kurghj m. earless ram
or crop in the same season) 2 korghj m. allotment of land, plot of land
2
korp f. haircut; shearing (sheep) compound verb kwrghedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be
to cut (someone's hair); shear (sheep) protected (by law), be made a preserve
kwrt m. plural kurut (hard dried balls of fermented milk or 1
kork m. 1 grain or fruit that has failed to ripen owing to
milk curds) disease 2 small pomegranates
kurtk m. 2 kurk m. cloth made from goat's under-fur, cashmere
kwrt-m chi f. plural soup with noodles and kurut 3 kork m. large bin for storing grain, corncrib
kurtob f. plural f. kurtob whey that remains when kurksh f. first egg to be laid by a hen
making kurut (used as a medicine) kurkam n m. kurkamn m. curcuma, turmeric
kurt f. kurtj 1 jacket 2 dress korkuj f. hovel, hut, shack
krte cry by which people drive sheep to the watering place kurkr m.
kwrtn made of kurut korkorn 1 blind 2.1 blindly 2.2 spontaneously
kur, kor, kwr quite, utterly, perfectly; by no means, not kurkurka f. Chinese turtle-dove, streptopaelia chinensis
at all 1 kurkur pock-marked
kordzh j m. place in a tent or house where clothing and 2 kurkurj m. powdered brick (used for cleaning metal
blankets are stored dishes)
kurdzhj m. old hawk 3 kurkurj m. male turtle-dove
korchw m. abusive scoundrel, villain 4 kurkurj f. pin-tailed sandgrouse, Pterocles alchata
korchwaj m. 5 kurkurj f. hard clayey soil that absorbs water poorly
korkhraj m. kurkuj f. bee-eater (bird)
kwrkh f. 1 okra 2 haricot, kidney bean kurkuj m. medicinal plant (used to treat intestinal worms)
kordr f. connection, relation, contacts, dealings, 1 korakj m. 1 small house 2 name of a children's game
intercourse to maintain good compound verb to ruin someone
neighborly relations with someone Ahmed's affairs have deteriorated. saying This
kordr f. narrow path across a field business is not all that simple.
kordumbal f. carbuncle 2
korkaj m. young donkey
kor diplomtk m. plural diplomatic corps 3
kurkj m.
kordilr m. Cordilleras Cordilleras 4
kurkj m. 1 shallow well 2 shallow shaft of an irrigation
kordinsjn m. coordination ditch in a field
kor gaj m. person without shelter, homeless person 5
korkj m. [plural: kork and korkij n]
kor m. 1 call of a crane 2 croaking round-sheep dung with brushwood (a kind of fuel)
kuredl intransitive [past: ] 1 to make a sound 6 korakj f. feminine of 2
like the call of the crane 2 to croak, make croaking noises
korgaj m.
kurz f. special ax for chopping brushwood korgw curved; winding, twisting
korzmaj m. one who lives with his wife's parents korgj m. utensils and furniture (bride's dowry)
1 kurs m. 1 course; courses annual courses 2
korgir good-neighbor relations, neighborly relations
course (textbook) short course
korl m. Coral the Coral Sea
2 kors coarse (of fabric) kurlj 1 m. hare 2 having a short tail, short-tailed
3 kors m. regional dish (food) kurm m.
korspraj utterly destroyed kormn f. housekeeping, domestic science
korsik f. Corsica Corsica Island kurmk thin, skinny, emaciated
korshagj f. closet kurmng m. pheasant
kurhkaj m. red mineral paint for dishes kuram f. Kuram (river, river valley, and region)
1 kwrgh m. sophora (a pernicious weed) korn looking after, or taking care of, one's family
2 kwrgh, kurgh m.
600
korndzj f. 1 weakness, lethargy 2 3

kwri, kri, kre go away compound verb to drive
kurna f. alfalfa stubble away (a dog, donkey)
kuranj f. bag with agricultural implements 4
kwarj m. barberry stems (used as medicine)
kurnsh m. low bow to bow low to 5
kwarj, korj m. 1 net (of wool or plant fibers, for carrying
someone, greet someone with great respect hay, watermelons, and domestic utensils) 2 braided muzzle (for
kurngj m. young donkey livestock) compound verb a to fawn on, curry favor
1 koranj 1.1 domestic domestic animals with b to expect a present from someone
housekeeping rabbit 1.2 internal 6
korj m. salt-cellar
internal news items internal market 1.3 family 7
kawrj m. kurj f. 1 large pile of un-thrashed grain 2
family manners and customs 2 m. stay-at-home hillock, knoll
2 koranj f. 1 family 2 birth, stock; dynasty, house 8 kwarj m. cockleshell
king's family, king's lineage the Barakzai 9 kawrj f. wooden milk pail
Dynasty human race, mankind 3 biology family 4 korej f. Korea
group, detachment kurdz m. molting (of birds)
kor oblique plural of 1 kurr m. courier diplomatic courier
korw kaj 1 standing at the head of the household, of the kurz m.
family 2 m. head of the family korighm m. tax levied on each house
korw l m. kurl Kuril; the Kuril Islands
korwl 1 family, familial 2 m. .1 family man 2.2 family
korej f.
member
1 ku m. 1 leprosy 2 infectious disease, contagious disease
korw la f. 1 2 neighborly relations, good-
2 kwa m. shaft of a butter-churn staff or beater
neighbor relations
3 ku m. 1 gurgle, gurgling (of water) 2 grumbling, rumbling
korw laj m. 1 housekeeping 2 responsibilities of the
(in the stomach)
husband in the family, the duties of the father and husband 4 ko inclined, tilted compound verb 2
compound verb to keep house; be the head of the family 3
compound verb 2
living together, cohabitation
ko gh m.
korwad na f. housewife ko -ko twisted, twirled (of one's moustache)
korwadnj m. gratitude kwt m. cackle, cackling compound verb to
compound verb to thank
cackle
kor wrnawnkaj 1 ruinous 2 pernicious, fatal;
kutk m. thin gruel of flour, butter and sugar
disastrous, destructive
kuts m. dug out in the steppes (for livestock)
1 korwrn f. ruin, destruction kuk m. gurgle, gurgling (of water)
2 korwr naj m. kukuj f. laughing turtle-dove
kur-kur cry by which people call a donkey to come kwka f. hen that has stopped laying
kor-u-kahl, korwkahl m. family 1 kukj m. allotment of land, plot of land
korwal f. 1 2 neighborly relations, good- 2 kukj m.
neighbor relations
3 kuakj f. [plural: kuak and
1
kur f. 1 furnace 2 blast-furnace 3 brick kiln 4 fire box
kuakjg ni] 1 snares (of horn) 2 barrow made of two poles (for
(part of a furnace)
moving brushwood)
2
kawra f. botany capers
kwm, kwum 1 standing (of water) stagnant
3
kor 1 destroyed, annihilated 2 crossed off a list water 2 m. pond; deep lake to disappear without
compound verb a to destroy, obliterate b to cross off, delete from
a trace, vanish into thin air
a list
kwuamgj m. small pound, small lake
4 kur, kor 1 unbleached (of fabric) 2 new, not-yet-washed kwmn sick, diseased
kurah r m. 1 croaking 2 the sound of a hookah kom f. family; birth, origin, stock
1 kur f. 1 heel (footwear) 2 snowshoes kwndzh m. kwnch m. 1 sob, sobbing (of a baby) 2
2 kawri plural of 2 yelping, yapping; (of a dog); yelp (of a dog)
kwnch m. & f.
601
kwnchawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kuzplaj weak, feeble

cause to whine, make yelp (of a dog) kuzd f.
kwnchah r m. kwnchj m. yelping, yapping kozdaw l betrothed, engaged; young man, bridegroom
(of a dog) kuzagj f. kuzaj f. small earthenware pitcher
kwnchedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to kuzgh laj m. 1 dirty crock 2 feeding rack, water bowl (for
whine, yelp (of a dog) dogs, chickens)
kawng lanky, ungainly, awkward 1
kuzgor f. dishonor, shame, disgrace
1 kuawl transitive [past: ] to cause gurgling, This is a shameful business.
make gurgle 2 kuzgraj ashamed
2
koawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to tilt, kozmk ;space ship
incline kuzanj 1 lower Lower Laghman Region 2
kuwj m. 1 measure of weight for wheat equal to 2.5 lbs 2 following (below)
basket made of cattail kuzw laj m. slope, decline, declivity
1 kwa f. pile, heap (of un-thrashed grain or vegetables) kuz-u-p s up(wards) and down(wards)
piles, heaps compound verb to gather into a pile, kuzawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1
heap up; compound verb to be piled up, be heaped up compound verb to lower, to let down compound verb to
2 kaw m. squabble, trouble-maker hang one's head, lower one's head 2 to disembark, put ashore, put
3 kaw f. brushwood down, to put off 3 to unload 4 to land (e.g., a plane)
4 ko f. hole (for a ball game) 1
kuz f. earthenware jug with a long neck idiom
1 kuj m. to become an adult
2 kawj m. wooden mortar 2 kza feminine singular of 1
3 koj sloping, slanting (of a mountain) 3 kawz f.
4 koj m. calf 1 kzi f. plural of 1
5 koj 1 regional leprous 2 m. gangrenous wound; abscess 2 kuzj f. small pitcher
6 koj f. 1 kori (a measure of weight equal to 1/4 or 7.5 3 kuz plural of 1
lbs) 2 twenty pieces (when counting logs, pelts, etc.) kozj a f. first acquaintance of the bridegroom with the
compound verb putting twenty pieces together 3 family of the bride
kind of embroidery
kuzedl 1 denominative, intransitive [past: ] .1
7
koj f. 1 small stack or pile of wheat sheaves 2 coiled up
compound verb to be lowered , be let down, descend 1.2 to
snake 3 hobble for camel's knees
disembark, be put ashore, be put off (e.g., a train) 1.3 to be
8 kawj f. penny, farthing; dinar unloaded 1.4 to go down to the water (of ducks) 1.5 to land, be
9 koj feminine singular of 5 1 landed (i.e., of a plane) 2 m. plural
kut 1 wrinkled, creased 2 crumpled kuzedna f. kuzed m. plural 1 descent, lowering 2
1 kuedl intransitive [past: ] to gurgle landing, putting ashore, disembarking 3 unloading 4 going down
2 koedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to bend to the water (of ducks) 5 landing (e.g., an airplane)
over, to stoop kozhdn m. & f. kozhd f. betrothal, engagement
kuj-kuj 1 f. small stack 2.1 winding, twisting, compound verb to betroth
meandering compound verb a to make winding, kozhk Kozhak; the Kozhak (mountain) range
make sinuous b to pack or stow with ropes kozh 1 f. breaking of a fast; failure to observe a fast 2 m.
compound verb to twist, wind, meander 2.2 wavy (of the hair) breaking a fast; failing to observe a fast
2.3 uneven, rough (of terrain) 1
kog m. [plural: kg and kgij
n] hyena
kuka f. brood hen, sitting hen 2
kog [f. kag,
m. plural: kg , f. plural: kag]
1
kung ungainly and stooping crooked, bent crooked curve 2 squinting,
kuingedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to squint-eyed 3 inclined, tilted 4 bending ( over), bent (over,
stoop down), bowed (down) 5 bulging idiom idle talk
kuz 1.1 lower 1.2 cited below 2 down, downward saying a sin confessed is half forgiven, a fault
compound verb a to look down b to feel nausea c figurative to confessed is half redressed Ahmed
be ashamed, lower one's eyes tries to ingratiate himself with everyone.
602
kogbl
m. hyena kawh r m. shoemaker who makes soft-soled heelless leather
kogtb m. kogtj f. shoes
kogst rgaj squint-eyed, cross-eyed kuh n
kug l, kwag l transitive [past: ]
1
to strive, toil; strain kwht m. 1 fold, plait, crease 2 (traveling) rug (used for
oneself carrying things) 3 canyon, deep and narrow valley
2 kog l transitive [past: ] to peel; shell, hull kohh m. 1 endeavor, effort; diligence, zeal
kogmghzaj
wicked, malicious, vicious futile attempts compound verb to try,
kogangraj m. snake melon, tarra endeavor, to display diligence, zeal 2 striving, aspiration
kogw l aj m. 1 curvature 2 bend, crook 3 slight cast in the 1 kawhka f. sports back heel (a move in wrestling)
eye, mild strabismus, walleye (divergent strabismus) 4 inclination 2 kawhka f. peg driven into a wall to which to tie livestock
5 protuberance, prominence kuhl transitive [past: ] to write, inscribe
kog-u-k,
kogwk
kuhlaj dialect beautiful
kogaw l transitive 1 kwha f. [usually plural kwhi] women's shoes;
kog-wg 1 [f. kag-wag
m. plural: kg - soft-soled heelless leather shoes; low shoes, oxfords
wg f. plural: kag-wag ]
very crooked 2 in all 2 kawh f.
directions, at random to walk lunging from side 1 kwagh m. toad
to side 2 kugh 1 stooped, being bent over compound verb to
1 kwag f. effort, diligence, zeal bend 2 sunken, collapsed, fallen in sunken eyes
2 kwag imperfective imperative of 1 kogh taj m. kugh laj m. dialect 1 small hole, pit 2
depression in porridge into which butter is poured 3 oven, kiln
kwaged
l intransitive
(for firing brick and lime) 4 hovel, hut, shack
kos m. kettledrum; cymbals
kostrik f. Costa Rica kuft m. blow, stroke idiom despondency,
dejection, low spirits, depression
kawsar f. shoe
1 kawsri f. plural botany khinzhak with a thin shell koft, kuft 1.1 chopped (e.g., of meat) 1.2 beaten 2 f. small
meatballs
2 kawsar plural of
ksms m. space, the cosmos 1
kok m. cry, howl compound verb to yell, howl
kosmk space, cosmic 2

kok m. coke coking coal
kwusng m. grains of wheat that are left on the threshing 3
kok m. 1 winding up (clocks, etc.) 2 tuning (a musical
instrument)
floor after threshing (they are picked up by poor people)
kos m. [plural: kosag n] folklore kosa (a man with
4 kuk m. common wild leek, wild onion
a thin beard or a beardless man)
5 kuk earless (of a ram)
1
kosj m. [plural: kosij n] felt robe; coat made of
kok m. uncle (address to an older man)
thick felt; wool chapan (a long-skirted caftan) kuk ra f. 1 cry, howl; groaning, moaning; whine,
2 kawasj m great-grandson whimpering compound verb a to cry,
koshlj m. pelvis howl b to whine, whimper (of a dog)
kush n kuk aj m. name of a star
kush n m. history Kushan (dynasty) kokn m. plural cocaine
kushn 1 Kushan 2 m. 2 kaukb m. Arabic [plural: kaukabna and Arabic
kushtuj f. late(-ripening) small watermelons kawkb] star, heavenly body; planet
koshsh, kushsh m. kawkab space, cosmic; interplanetary
koshish diligent, assiduous astronautics
kawshr m. 1 soldering; welding 2 compensation kokch f. Kokcha
kawsherawl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 1 kukr f. wooden part of a camel saddle
to solder; weld 2 to sew together; join, splice 2 kukr f. [usually plural kukr] medicine trachoma
kawsheredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 kukrj, kukurj m. puppy
to be soldered; be welded 2 to be sewn together; be joined, be kuk m. 1 long pole with which coals are stirred (in an oven
spliced idiom their hearts flowed or kiln for firing brick, etc.) 2 kind of pea with small kernels
together, their hearts beat as one
603
kukaj m. 1 1 2 large flat cake that is baked on

1
kokj a f. flower garden
the day a child begins walking unaided (usually the cake is rolled kawkdz m. bend of a wall
after the child and then distributed to the poor) kukikhjl 1 m. plural the Kukikheili (a subdivision of the
2
kukj f. butterfly Afridi) 2 m. Kukikheil
3
kok f. plural 1 edge of thick felt 2 wool from which the kukedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be
designs on a mat are made tuned (of a musical instrument) 2 to be wound up (of a clock, etc.)
koks m. coke
kokssz f. coking idiom all eyes were upon them
kokl shriveled up from the cold kokj gwta f. index finger, forefinger
kokn r m. opium poppy (the head) kokj wla f. 5
kuka f. butterfly; moth kokj wna f. false acacia
kokaj f. vase (for flowers) 1 kog m. Eastern 1
1 kuk, kok 1 m. flower, little flower 2 children's speech 2 kog Eastern 2
clean 1 kogl, kogl m. rib cage
2 kuk m. cooing (of doves) compound verb to coo 2 kwagl transitive Eastern 1
3 kawkw m. din and shouting (of children) kogj f. 1 (little) mouth (a baby's) 2 kiss
kukob f. kokobj m. rose oil kawgr m. 3 2
kukuph m. hoopoe 1 kol m. 1 lake 2 pond 3 ford
kokaj m. 1 2 kul m. earth that is thrown up when digging a canal
kukushtka f. kukk -awtra f. turtle-dove 3 kawl m. poison
kukugej f. bunch of flowers, bouquet 4 kol m.
kokawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to wind 5 kul m. person of the same age (plural, persons or children of
up (clock, watch, phonograph, etc.) the same age)
kokoll m. older brother 6
kwl standing on one's head
kuk-murgh m. 7
kawl transitive [present: past imperfective
kukumjw m. owl perfective ] 1 independent verb [past: ] .1 to do,
kukuww f. children's speech pretty and bright dress make, carry out, perform, accomplish compound verb to
kokowna f. work, toil What were you doing? What is
1 kka f. shout, yell compound verb a to shout, to be done? 1.2 to conduct, carry out (trade, war, etc.)
howl, yell b to glorify, make famous to engage in trade with someone 1.3 to treat, deal with
The fame spread of the beauty of Durkho. someone How to treat this person
2
kok f. 1 kind of beads 2 box, case, crate (for transporting proverb one good (or ill) turn deserves
fruit) another 1.4 to take This is
1
kki f. plural of 1 the pen that I gave you but you didn't want to take it.
compound verb to take a wife, get married 1.5 to put on, wear
2
kukj m. leek
3
kokj m boy, little boy
to wear a new dress today 1.6 to get, obtain; take
4
kawkj m. 1 small iron trowel (for scraping off dough that
Where did you get the firewood? 1.7 to arrange,
conduct (e.g., a meeting) compound verb to
has stuck to the sides of bowls) 2 ladle, soup ladle
call a meeting; meet 1.8 to be necessary What
5
kokj f. 1 little flower 2 pieces of colored mirror (which
do you need this book for? 1.9 1.2 1.10 to force someone
children play with) 3 my little flower, my dear little one, (address
to do something They worked
to a child)
for him as farmhands. 2 forming verbs as part of compound and
6 kokj f. sorrow, grief, anguish
denominative verbs [past: , the verb agrees with the object of the
7 kokj f. (little) girl, baby
8 kokj f 1 kiss 2 cheek action] compound verb to conquer compound
9 kokj f. spider verb to sweep compound verb to invite with the
pronouns means to give (first, second, or third person).
10 kokj f. butterfly
but can stand in free combinations: to do (something for the
kokjlj figured, patterned, parti-colored, variegated
first person) to do (something for the second person)
(flowery, florid of fabric)
to do (something for the third person) I will call you
604
passive voice to become, be, grow 3 m. plural .1 deeds, kulul m. 1 larva of the ant lion 2 bogeyman (a fantastic
acts, achievements What is it that ought being which people use to frighten children)
to be done now? 3.2 conducting, carrying on (trade, war, etc.) 3.3 kolon f. cord (of a snare)
treatment of someone 3.4 putting on, wearing 3.5 getting, kolon f. colony
obtaining 3.6 arranging, conducting (e.g., a meeting) 3.7 1 kol f. cartridge case
utterance, statement ... it should be
2 kwla f. spreading stalks of wheat for threshing
mentioned that, it must be noted that
3 kul f. howl (of a dog)
8 kul transitive dialect 2
4 kawla imperfect feminine of 7
kol f. Kola the Kola Peninsula
kul ts m. 5 kuwla f. earthenware vessel in which dried camel dung is
kul k rich peasant burned
kawl j Western conditional and potential of 6 kol f.

7 if you would work he can work kla-bla f. words of sympathy, compassion
kulb f. koler f. cholera
klp m. dialect 1 kawlj Eastern conditional & potential of 7
kulpk m. bolt (of a door) 2 kolj m. helmet
kulpkj m. cuff (e.g., on a shirt sleeve) 3 kolj m earthenware bin for storing grain
kulpawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to bolt, 4 kawlj f. narrow path along a stony mountainside
lock (e.g., the door) kolj m. kachnar, orchid tree, Bauhinia variegata
kulp f. kind of needlework kuledl intransitive [past: ] 1 to roll, roll over 2 to
kulpj f. earthenware kneading trough, dough trough fall, be overturned 3 to be burned (with acid)
kulpedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be kuled m. plural 1 rolling 2 toppling, overturning 3
bolted, be locked (e.g., of a door) burning (with acid)
kulpedna f. kulped m. plural locking, bolting 1 kum, kom pronoun 1 what, which (interrogative-relative)
kultr m. Which book are you giving me? Which
kultur ones exactly? . I have many
kolkhz m. kolkhoz, collective farm proofs. And what are they exactly? 2 some, some kind of; one, a
1 kolkhozch m. kolkhoznik, member of a collective farm, certain (indefinite) some kind of
collective farmer 2 kawm present tense first person of 7

2 kolkhozchj f. [plural: kolkhozchj and 1 kum ch m. wheat grains of milky-wax ripeness
kolkhozchj ni] woman member of a collective farm, 2 kum ch m. ram's stomach wrapped in cleaned intestines and
(woman) collective farmer boiled
kolkhoz kolkhoz, collective farm 3 kum ch m. large piece of unleavened bread
1 kolk m. 1 opening in the roof for the escape of smoke 2

komnd f. Eastern diversionary landing team or
chimney, smoke stack (factory, etc.) detachment
2
kolk m. [plural: kolk n and kolkna] kumb r m. potter
orbit, eye socket His eyes are sunken. komb jn m. combine
kollektf 1 collective 2 m. collective kumb 1 m. hole This blanket is
kolmb f. Colombo full of holes. 2 holey; full of holes compound verb to
kolumbij f. Colombia make holes in compound verb to become holey
1 kolm f. kumj f. bur caught in the wool of a sheep

2 kulm f. 1 komk m.
koln m. kolanj m. komk kawnkaj auxiliary
kulng m. pick (ax) kawnke auxiliary detachment
1 komak auxiliary auxiliary verb
kawlo Eastern imperfect of 7 in lieu of 3
2 kumakj f. turtle-dove
kulawl transitive [past: ] 1 to roll, move (by kum faded, withered; rotten, decayed
rolling) compound verb to roll a watermelon 2 to
kumtj f. kumw laj m. withering; decaying
topple, overturn 3 to burn (with acid)
605
kumawl denominative, transitive [past: ] to kundzht m. plural

promote withering; rot, cause rotting; let rot kundzhrj m. stenciling on a wall
kumawna f. fading; rotting kundzh m. greengrocer
kumedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to kundzhk m. little corner, nook
wilt; rot kundzhka f. cockleshell
kumedna f. kumed f. plural withering; kundzhlgh crumpled; wrinkled
rotting 1 kundzh f. [plural: kundzhj and
kuml m. 1 stork 2 regional stilt-walker kundzhig ni] key (to a lock)
1 kom f. pebbles (the game) 2
kundzhj bent, stooping; aged
2 kma, kma feminine singular of 1 3
kundzhj f. stone from which millstones are made
3 kawma 2 4
kundzhj f. 1 drinking bowl (for birds in a cage) 2 ladle,
dipper
4 kma f. kmaj1 m. 1 oral cavity, mouth cavity 2
central part of something; depth the
kundzla f. sesame
ocean depths 3 small depression in a hearth (for fuel)
kauntsj f.
saying I congratulate you wholeheartedly kund za f. cup, handle-less cup
kmi This story moved me to kund gh m.
the depths of my soul.
kundrzaj m. 1 red pepper 2 medicine bulimia
kundrj m. 1 small pit, hollow, depression 2 board, piece
1 kmi f. plural of 1
of leather (for rolling out dough) 3 front side of a blanket, right
2 kumj m. hump (e.g., of a camel) side of a blanket
komi f. committee kundrzaj m. intestinal disease of sheep
komed 1 attributive comic, comedy 2 f. comedy kundaj m. small pit, hollow, depression
komk comic, comical humorist kunds m. clay quarry, clay pit
komintrn m. history the COM intern, the Communist 1 kund f. 2
International intern 2 kund f. plow beam
kum jaw indefinite pronoun some, some kind of, a certain 3 kund f. cessation of pain
kaun m. Arabic 1 world, the universe the material 1 kund f. cleaning a gold-trimmed skullcap (by bread, paste,
world religion both worlds, this world and the next world etc.)
2 being existence
2
kundj m. string, cord (for tying up sacks)
kun m. 1 blunt end of an egg 2 bottom (of a jug, pitcher, 3
kundj 1 winding, twisting; coiling, wriggling 2 bending
etc.) down; writhing compound verb a to wind, twist
kunawr 1 having a broad rump, having a wide posterior, b to writhe
having fat buttocks 2 cowardly, faint-hearted 4 kundj m. rope of a sling
1 kun buttocks anatomy sacrum 5 kund plural of 1, 2, 3
2 kunj m. 1 kwan m. lambing, lambing time for sheep
kunrj m. butcher 2 kwn, kwun m. widower
kun s m. Kaunas 3 kwn m. top, summit (of a mountain)
1 kunstj m. 1 first time a child sits down on his own 2
4 kwn m. menstruation

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figurative a to build one's house b to achieve prosperity;

abtaredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to be 1

ibladadl denominative, intransitive [past: ] to be forefather

ihss m. Arabic [plural: ihssna Arabic ihzredl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1

disturbances, disorders, sedition, agitation to cause a akhz-as-sut m. Arabic sound-

ikhf f. Arabic cover, concealment camouflage akhir

akhistvl m. tax collector board of directors clerk adminstrative

adl-badl 1.1 inconstant 1.2 disorderly, careless adir f. cemetery

open air 4 widely spread apart, bowed (of legs) artist

ardzhl 1 confused, muddled 2 m. the common people arzsh m. arzht m. 1 value

rn m. bugle (musical instrument) 1

aavl aavl transitive [past: present: ]

unload to unload 18 to drop in, pay a call, stay into flour

exception without exception with the istikhdmavl denominative, transitive [past:

astednkaj 1 present participle of 2 inhabitant, asfal-us-sfiln m. Arabic religion nether world,

aslihakhn f. arsenal starry sky The weather is clear today.

ism'ilkhl 1 m. plural Ismailkheili (a subdivision of f. plural foolish nonsense to talk foolish

there is no doubt that 1

2 sla isfatb m. izfav laj

atrf 1 outlying, peripheral outskirts; evidence, testimony oral testimony, deposition

aghust m. plural aghj r m. Arabic plural 1 from 2 [plural:

misfortune has befallen them proverb fridag r m. creator, maker

3 intelligence, scouting, reconnaissance 4 development, aksizhn m. oxygen

alifb f. alphabet; ABC book according to the 1

ambrkhn f. 1 storeroom 2 warehouse 3 regional imtij z m. Arabic [plural: imtijzna Arabic

amokht amukht indeclinable 1 knowing something; amid m. & f. namesake

antom 1 f. anatomy animal anatomy 2 ant n m. history the Entente

intiz r m. Arabic 1 waiting, awaiting interneshanalzm internationalism

andzr m. 1 drawing, design to necessary excessively great to the

be very concerned to experience worry, to be ins n m. Arabic man primitive man

insfpasnd ins f khahavnkaj infil m. Arabic idiom

angr f. the Angara River 1

anonm m. anonymous work; anonymous letter; anonymous 1

avark m. regional overcoat, greatcoat 1 ovr m. singluar & plural 1 cloudlet

urml m. Eastern fig tree past: past: ] 1 to hear 2 to listen

crater Eastern It's one thing to hear , another to see.

hak attributive lime horj m. 1 mustard hori mustard oil 2

hinrub f. magnet et possessive pronoun second singular Afridi familiar 1

hinkb m. hammer your 2 thy (all gender and number forms)

hingar f. blacksmith's work smithy, forge depending on the requirements of the

hin adjective iron idiom He has idzhabvl denominative, intransitive [past: ]

estrgaj 1 jolly 2 smart, quick, spritely 3 il f. liquid mud

ilagard f. vagabondage, vagrancy bull, etc.) to reserve for breeding to be

b m. volley, salvo; firing to fire a volley to bs r madman

bgh m. 1 garden municipal garden bgh-i 2 bk m. Baku (city)

bnkr m. bwar adjective reliable, trustworthy; earnest

2 bbrk m. castor (textile) 4 batj f. 1 candle 2 wick

be created (of reserves, supplies) compound verb to

bachar f. girl issue, of a question) to

controller, miller) 2 apprentice

bachkraj m. tip of a knout bahr-ul-khl m. Arabic the Pacific Ocean

bahr Arabic marine, sea; naval navy bukhch f. bukhts f.

babl truthful; righteous according to model 2.3 parallel, along

brlba pregnant; gestating; in foal, etc. barbntb m. barbntj f. barbnv laj

barbdedl denominative, intransitive [past: ] 1 to for outstanding service 2 precisely,

barfpk m. snowplow barl saj strong, powerful, authoritative

barik b m. Barikab (town, village, region) busavl denominative, transitive [past: ] 1 to

bazgr bazgr m. [plural: bazgr plural: bazgar n bagaj

bahna f. forgiveness, pardon He said baghdr m. 1 [plural: baghdr] hammer [plural: ]