10

6 (a) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that there is an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

É Éed
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

8
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

6720
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
M
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that the Es are not together. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

H H K k k k b A
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

8 x 9ps 241920
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
2 3
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/52/M/J/20

 11

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(c) Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME. Find the number of
different selections if the four letters include at least one M and exactly one E. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

54 Ata BAe
........................................................................................................................................................

tax 10
........................................................................................................................................................

f f I
........................................................................................................................................................

5
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E M M M 1
........................................................................................................................................................
txt t
........................................................................................................................................................

Tways
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/52/M/J/20 [Turn over

 10

7 (a) Find the number of different possible arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL.
[1]

91 90720
ways
........................................................................................................................................................

272T
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL in which the
first letter is C, the fifth letter is T and the last letter is E. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

Fixed
Ed
........................................................................................................................................................
fixed
t
........................................................................................................................................................

1 I 1
........................................................................................................................................................

360
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL
does not have the two Es together. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

t t t t t t t
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

70560
........................................................................................................................................................

7,1
2,7
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7 5
P Es not together
7
........................................................................................................................................................

0
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/53/M/J/20

 11

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5 letters are selected at random from the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL.

(d) Find the number of different selections if the 5 letters include at least one E and at most one L.
[3]

........................................................................................................................................................
L E
10 MMM 5th
5g 234
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
L E E 522 10
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E 5C 5
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E E 5C 10
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/53/M/J/20

 10

7 (a) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that all 3 Es are together. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

I
........................................................................................................................................................

g
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

20160
344
........................................................................................................................................................

1
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that the Ps are not next to each other. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

d t t t t t t t t
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

241920
........................................................................................................................................................
831,391
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/51/O/N/20

 11

(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 10 letters of the word
SHOPKEEPER has an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]

Without restriction 302400 ways

........................................................................................................................................................
2,103,1
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
Éted
at end
É
E's ........................................................................................................................................................
201601
g
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

p........................................................................................................................................................
event
381 Is
........................................................................................................................................................

Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER.

(d) Find the number of different selections if the four letters include exactly one P. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................
Noe P 83 10 M 4 Dogs 5
........................................................................................................................................................
2 3
........................................................................................................................................................

One E P E
522 10
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

TWOE P E E 5C 5
........................................................................................................................................................
K f x1 x JC
........................................................................................................................................................

D E E E I
Three ........................................................................................................................................................
1 x1 x IX I
........................................................................................................................................................

Iways
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/51/O/N/20

 7

5 The 8 letters in the word RESERVED are arranged in a random order.

(a) Find the probability that the arrangement has V as the first letter and E as the last letter. [3]

Ét É
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

1
gtfo
I x
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

180
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

NORestriction 3360
........................................................................................................................................................

2 1
........................................................................................................................................................

p event
E 365
........................................................................................................................................................
183360
(b) Find the probability that the arrangement has both Rs together given that all three Es are together.
[4]

Both R
........................................................................................................................................................

I EE
are together
........................................................................................................................................................
bothRtogether
and 5
fP
........................................................................................................................................................
and all Etogether
All E ........................................................................................................................................................
120 ways
are together 354511
21 3360
........................................................................................................................................................
8
p all E
........................................................................................................................................................
All ........................................................................................................................................................
E

f
e
32148,1 3603together
aretogeter q 333 0 328
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

P BEGIN P bothR togetherand Alletogether

Iftar
........................................................................................................................................................

Phalletogether
........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/53/O/N/20 [Turn over

 8

6 (a) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 11 letters in the word CATERPILLAR.
[2]

4898600
........................................................................................................................................................
211
21
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 11 letters in the word CATERPILLAR in
which there is an R at the beginning and an R at the end, and the two As are not together. [4]

fixed fixed
........................................................................................................................................................

k k k b k k
1 Ry
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
7 X 8Pa
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Ix 7 X 8Pa X I 70560
........................................................................................................................................................

2 2
........................................................................................................................................................

A L
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/52/F/M/21

 9

(c) Find the total number of different selections of 6 letters from the 11 letters of the word
CATERPILLAR that contain both Rs and at least one A and at least one L. [4]

É
III
II
........................................................................................................................................................

M 23 E BEE
........................................................................................................................................................
45

Ik
........................................................................................................................................................
I 1
54 5
........................................................................................................................................................

1 2 14754
........................................................................................................................................................

59 5
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

R R A L A L I
........................................................................................................................................................
1 X1 X1 x1 x1 x1
........................................................................................................................................................

I
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/52/F/M/21 [Turn over

 4

3 (a) How many different arrangements are there of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED? [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

6720
8,1
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED in which the
letters LED appear together in that order? [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

FEI
........................................................................................................................................................

I 1 360
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/51/M/J/21

 5

(c) An arrangement of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED is chosen at random.

Find the probability that the letters A and D are not together. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

H B b b k b A
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5040
61371
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Plevent
E 58725
........................................................................................................................................................
34
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/51/M/J/21 [Turn over

 10

6 (a) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT? [2]

3326400
........................................................................................................................................................
311
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which the two Rs are together and the three Es are together? [1]

I I 40320
2134591
........................................................................................................................................................
8
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(c) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which there are exactly three letters between the two Rs? [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
Fiped fixed
Ip
........................................................................................................................................................

7
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................
1 913 1 x 423360
........................................................................................................................................................

3
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/53/M/J/21

 11

Five of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT are selected.

(d) How many possible selections contain at least two Es and at least one R? [4]

1 2
I É
........................................................................................................................................................
3 4 t
r q is flog my ps
........................................................................................................................................................

É k É
........................................................................................................................................................

E 6 6
........................................................................................................................................................

I I
........................................................................................................................................................

r 6C 6
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E E E R R 1
........................................................................................................................................................
IX I x I X I x I
........................................................................................................................................................

Isways
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/53/M/J/21 [Turn over

 6

4 (a) In how many different ways can the 9 letters of the word TELESCOPE be arranged? [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

60480
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) In how many different ways can the 9 letters of the word TELESCOPE be arranged so that there
are exactly two letters between the T and the C? [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

Fixed........................................................................................................................................................
Fixed
x'Pat x6 5040
I I
........................................................................................................................................................

if
........................................................................................................................................................

6
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

E
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Fixed Fixed
........................................................................................................................................................

x'Pax x6 5040
I ypI IT
........................................................................................................................................................
3
........................................................................................................................................................

6
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5040 5040 10080

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/52/O/N/21

 8

6 (a) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

3360
........................................................................................................................................................

3 7
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW that
have an R at the beginning and an R at the end, and in which the three Os are not all together.
[3]

Rat end
É É
........................................................................................................................................................

120
no restriction 6,1 ways
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Rat end
........................................................................................................................................................

Os are together
É 315,1 24
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Os not Total Os all

........................................................................................................................................................

all together together

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

120 24 96
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/52/M/J/21

 9

Four letters are selected at random from the 8 letters of the word TOMORROW.

(c) Find the probability that the selection contains at least one O and at least one R. [5]

with selection and repeat identical items

Ite
........................................................................................................................................................

asks for probability

if question
........................................................................................................................................................

you create scenarios manually for

........................................................................................................................................................

repeats but while choosing

........................................................................................................................................................

do not treat them as repeat

........................................................................................................................................................

identical
........................................................................................................................................................

ca
ja pi
........................................................................................................................................................

g O O O
........................................................................................................................................................

off Y
........................................................................................................................................................

18
........................................................................................................................................................

É
........................................................................................................................................................

2
........................................................................................................................................................

Ii
........................................................................................................................................................

g
........................................................................................................................................................

É
........................................................................................................................................................

o o 3
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Total 84 70
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Probability
55 57
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/52/M/J/21 [Turn over

 A A AA B
two letters
Selection
of
t PCbothA
I 2selections L
A E This is wrong

This is the when we

reason
why
deal with selections and identical
repeats for probability we treat
each alphabet as distinct