Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Smith Chart Tutorial PDF
Smith Chart Tutorial PDF
Page 2
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page 3
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Specific Uses
• Evaluating input reactance or susceptance of open and shorted stubs.
• Evaluating effects of shunt and series impedances on the impedance of
a transmission line.
• For displaying and evaluating the input impedance characteristics of resonant
and anti-resonant stubs including the bandwidth and Q.
• Designing impedance matching networks using single or multiple open or
shorted stubs.
• Designing impedance matching networks using quarter wave line sections.
• Designing impedance matching networks using lumped L-C components.
• For displaying complex impedances verses frequency.
• For displaying s-parameters of a network verses frequency.
Page 4
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
ZL + Z 0 tanh γx
Zx = Z 0
Z 0 + ZL tanh γx
γ = α + jβ
This is why the chart was developed.. Before calculators and computers the
above formula’s were impossible! They’re still not easy today.
Page 5
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Z = R +/- j X Y = G +/- j B
Zn = 0.2 +j0.5
Constant R circles
Zn = R +/- j X
Zo Zo
Constant X circles
Page 6
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page 7
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
1
R
1+
Zo
Page 8
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
1
X
Zo
Page 9
24 April 2008
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page
24 April 2008
10
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page
24 April 2008
11
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
The offical
version!
Page
24 April 2008
12
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
The Smith Chart can be used to design a lumped (L-C) matching network
to match one impedance to another.
L
Typical LC elements include:
C R + jX
Series Inductors
Series Capacitors
Shunt Inductors
Shunt Capacitors
Page
24 April 2008
13
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series Inductors
Moves clockwise along circles of constant resistance
Page
24 April 2008
14
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series Capacitors
Moves counter-clockwise along circles of constant resistance
Page
24 April 2008
15
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Shunt Inductors
Moves counter-clockwise along circles of constant conductance
Page
24 April 2008
16
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Shunt Capacitors
Moves clockwise along circles of constant conductance
Page
24 April 2008
17
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page
24 April 2008
18
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series L (increasing L)
Series C
Series R (increasing)
decreasing
Parallel R
Parallel L (decreasing)
decreasing
Parallel C
increasing
Page
24 April 2008
19
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
25 + j50
X2
Page
24 April 2008
20
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series C 94pF
Are there other ways to
match this same impedance??
Page
24 April 2008
21
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Shunt 148 pF
Series 343 nH
Page
24 April 2008
22
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Distributed Elements
Page
24 April 2008
23
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Here we have a transmission line in series with the same load. Note that
the behavior is different.. The impedance is transformed along constant
VSWR circles (something new!). In this example the impedance was
transformed to a completely new value by a 120 degree (about 3.6m at this freq),
piece of 50 ohm coax cable.
Page
24 April 2008
24
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Stubs can rotate all the way around the chart (unlike shunt L’s and C’s),
but along circles of constant conductance (Like L’s and C’s).
OC Stub
SC Stub
Page
24 April 2008
25
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series Line
106 deg
3.16 m
SC Stub
34 deg
.984 m
Page
24 April 2008
26
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Series Line
125 deg
3.73 m
SC Stub
27 deg
.8 m
Page
24 April 2008
27
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page
24 April 2008
28
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Page
24 April 2008
29
Frank Lynch, W4FAL
Vector Data : Data that has both real and imaginary parts (R +/- jX)
or Magnitude and Phase (like S- Parameters)
The Smith Chart makes an excellent backdrop for showing how this data
varies with frequency. (Bonus.. What are Rieke Diagrams??)
Page
24 April 2008
30