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M952 Theory of Operation 6-i

Contents Page

6-1. MCS Functional Schematic Text 6-1

6-1-1. Description 6-1
6-1-2. Functional Blocks 6-1
6-2. Film Handling Electrical Sequences 6-8
6-2-1. Film Supply Electrical Sequence 6-8
6-2-2. Film Start Electrical Sequence 6-9
6-2-3. Film Staging Electrical Sequence 6-10
6-2-4. Film Exposure/Optics Electrical Sequence 6-11
6-2-5. Film Receive Electrical Sequence 6-12
6-3. Power Up Initialization Description 6-13
6-4. IMS Functional Schematic Text 6-14
6-4-1. Image Acquisition 6-14
6-4-2. Image Printing 6-16
6-5. Digital Interface 6-18
6-5-1. Signáis 6-18
6-5-2. Protocol 6-19
6-5-3. Timing 6-20
6-6. MCS/IMS Interface 6-21
6-6-1. Analog Data 6-21
6-6-2. Request Data/Send Data 6-21
6-6-3. Data Ready/EOF 6-21
6-6-4. Start of Sean (SOS) 6-21
6-6-5. Link A 6-21
6-6-6. Link B 6-21
6-6-7. Reset 6-21
6-7. Keypad (Remote Control) Interface 6-22
6-7-1. Signáis 6-22
6-7-2. Protocol 6-22
6-7-3. Commands and Responses 6-23
6-7-4. Keypad Operation 6-25
6-7-5. Keypad Controls and Indicators 6-26

© 3M Co. 1990 January

M952 Theorv of Operation
6-1. MCS FUNCTIONAL SCHEMATIC TEXT
6-1-1. Description
The M952 Láser Imager processes digital or video
data to provide film exposures for medical
interpretation. The Imager allows the operator to
select:
• Formal: the number of images appearing on a
single film.
• Number of Origináis: up to 9 (12:1 keypad) or
99 (20:1 keypad) identical origináis.
• Normal or sudes magnification borders.
• Style of Image Edges: smooth or sharp
(electronic enhancement).
• Test Patterns: for density and contrast
comparisons and choices.
• Self-Diagnostic Mode: to display operational
status of the unit on a readout panel.
• Múltiple Input Modalities when an optional
MMU (Multi-Modality Unit) is installed.
6-1-2. Functional Blocks
The numbered paragraphs refer to designated
blocks on the Functional Schematic, page 7-3.
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit): Using inputs
from the keypad or remote device, the image
source and the various switches, photosensors,
etc. the CPU controls the operational
sequences for the Imager.
2. Keypad: The keypad allows the operator to
program and opérate the Láser Imager. Blocks
3 through 10 monitor the amount of film in the
Receive Magazine. When the film reaches 100
to 125 sheets, these blocks genérate a Film
Full signal. This signal causes the CPU to stop
further film processing. The CPU also sets the
logic so the ALARM LEDs are lit and the Film
Full code number (11) appears in the STATUS
display.
3. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
excessive current through the LED of the Film
Full Sensor.
4. Film Full Sensor: This sensor uses infrared
light to detect the film level in the Receive
Magazine. When the magazine contains 100 to
125 sheets of film, the reflective píate appears
in the slit opening.
6-1
At a programmed time, the CPU provides a
ground path for this LED. The light from the
LED bounces off the píate and turns the
phototransistor on. The resultant low output
signal indicates a full magazine.
Note
When the magazine cover is open the LED is
not lit. This minimizes the chance of the LED
light contacting the film.
5. TEST: This switch allows the technician to set
the Film Full Sensor LED for continuous
operation. The technician uses this condition
when adjusting RT1 in the signal adjust block.
6. Signal Adjust: RT1 adjusts the signal level of
the phototransistor so the states of LED 1 and
LED 2 match the chart.
LED 1 LED 2
with píate in slit OFF LIT
(magazine full)
with píate not in slit OFF OFF
(magazine not full)
7. Voltage Dividers: There are three voltage
dividers which provide the voltages needed for
the comparator.
8. Comparators: These are used in a
conventional manner.
9. Film Full Detect: LED 1 is used with LED 2 to
provide a convenient way to adjust RT1.
10. Film Full Indicator: LED 2 is used with LED 1
to provide a convenient way to adjust RT1.
Blocks 11 through 20 monitor the amount of
film in the Supply Magazine. When the film
amount is less trian 20 sheets, these blocks
genérate a Film Low signal. This signal causes
LED 3 (red) to be lit. The CPU also sets the
logic so the ALARM LEDs are lit and the Film
Out code number (10) appears in the STATUS
display.
11. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
excessive current through the LEDs of the Film
Out Sensor and the Film Low Sensor.
3M1991 November
6-2
12. Film Out Sensor: This sensor uses infrared
light to detect the film level in the Supply
Magazine. When the magazine is out of film,
the reflective píate appears in the slit opening.
At a programmed time, the CPU provides a
ground path for this LED. The light from the
LED bounces off the píate and turns the
phototransistor on. The resultant low output
signa! indicates the Supply Magazine is out of
film.
Note
When the magazine cover is open the LED is
not lit. This minimizes the chance of the LED
light contacting the film.
13. Film Low Sensor: This sensor uses infrared
light to detect the film level in the Supply
Magazine. When the magazine contains fewer
than 20 sheets of film, the reflective píate
appears in the slit opening. At a programmed
time, the CPU provides a ground path for an
LED. The output of the LED bounces off the
píate and turns the phototransistor on. The
resultant low output signal indicates the Supply
Magazine has fewer than 20 sheets of film left.
Note
When the magazine cover is open the LED is
not lit. This minimizes the chance of the LED
light contacting the film.
14. TEST: This switch allows the technician to set
the LEDs for the Film Out Sensor and the Film
Low Sensor for continuous operation. The
technician uses this condition when adjusting
RT1 and/or RT2 in the signal adjust block.
15. Signal Adjust: RT1 adjusts the signal level of
its phototransistor so the states of LED 1 and
LED 3 (red) match the chart:
LED 1 LEDS
(red)
with píate in slit
OFF LIT
(magazine empty)
with píate not in slit
OFF OFF
(magazine not empty)
RT2 adjusts the signal level of its
phototransistor so the states of LED 2 and LED
3 (green) match the chart:
LED 2 LED 3 (oreen)
with píate in slit OFF LIT
(magazine <20 films)
with píate not in slit OFF OFF
(magazine >20 films)
© 3 M 1991 November
Theorv of Qperatíon M952
16. Voltage Dividers: There are three voltage
dividers which provide the voltages needed for
the comparators.
17. Comparators: These are used in a
conventional manner.
18. Film Out Detect: LED 1 is used with LED 3
(red) to provide a convenient way to adjust
RT1.
19. Film Low Detect: LED 2 is used with LED 3
(green) to provide a convenient way to adjust
RT2.
20. Film Low/Film Out Indlcators: LED 3 (red) is
used with LED 1 to provide a convenient way
to adjust RT1. LED 3 (green) ¡s used with LED
2 to provide a convenient way to adjust RT2.
Blocks 21 through 26 provide the operator with
monitor and adjustment functions.
21. LED Logic: The CPU signal to this block
causes STATUS to display code numbers.
These numbers represent various operations of
the Imager. There are seven distinct groups of
numbers:
• 0-8 (9 is not assigned): these are normal
operational codes which are provided for
information only.
• 10-18 (19 is not assigned): these denote
operator-correctable problems in the film
transpon system.
• 20-31: these denote problems in the film
transpon system.
• 32-99: these are classified as serious errors
within the machine.
• f1-f4: these denote CPU problems on
PWA-B.
• h1-h5: these denote IMS-PWA problems.
• PE: denotes Password Error
(Access Code)
See Section 8, Troubleshooting, or the reverse
side of the Functional Schematic for a complete
listing of these codes and their meanings.
M952 Theory of Operation
22. Switch Logic: This block provides the operator
with the following options:
• S2 TEST Switch (DENSITY): This switch
prints a test film containing wedges of
varying density. It provides the operator
with a method to determine the best
DENSITY setting for S5.
• S3 TEST Switch (CONTRAST): This switch
prints a test film with a full contrast range
on a 15-on-1 formal. This provides the
operator with a method to determine the
desired CONTRAST setting for S6.
• S4 USER SET SWITCH is used to save the
Density, Contrast, and Border settings for
each channel.
• S5 DENSITY ADJUST Switch:
This allows the operator to select one of 16
levéis of DENSITY.
• S6 CONTRAST ADJUST Switch:
This allows the operator to select one of 15
levéis of CONTRAST.
• S7 USER CHANNEL SWITCH:
This switch is used in conjunction with S4
to desígnate which channel is saving the
current Density, Contrast, and Border
settings. The switch is also used during
some service procedures to desígnate
either a channel number or partition
number.
• S8 (Border Edge Switch): This switch
allows the operator to choose a black film
border or a clear film border.
23. S1 RESET Switch: The operator uses this
switch to try to correct a malfunction and clear
error displays.
24. LEOS 7,8,9 (ALARM): When lit, these LEDs
inform the operator of a condition which needs
to be corrected.
25. LEDS 1,2,3 (FILM LOW): When lit, these LEDs
inform the operator the Supply Magazine
contains fewer than 20 sheets of film.
26. LEDS 4,5,6 (READY): When lit, these LEDs
inform the operator the Imager ¡s ready for
operation.
Blocks 27 through 30 show the interface
connections.
27. S18 (RS422/RS232 SELECT Switch): This
switch allows the operator to select the
connector interface for remote control of Imager
operation. This should be set to RS422 if a
keypad or MMU is attached to the Imager.
6-3
28. Remote Device: This device allows the user to
bypass the key pad of the Láser Imager and
enter print commands.
29. Image Source: The image source may include
a number of devices which genérate video or
digital image data. Sources include
Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI), and a variety of
digital radiography devices.
30. Image Management Systems (IMS): This
system consists of several PWAs which serve
as an interface between the image source and
the Láser Imager. See Section 6-3 for a
descriptive text.
Blocks 31 through 41 show the film sensing
interlock circuits.
31. Current Limiter: The current limiter inhibits
excessive current through the LED of the Film
Edge Detector.
32. Film Edge Detector: When a sheet of film
enters the Drum/Nip Roller área, the thickness
of the film moves the Nip Roller assembly up. A
píate on the Nip Roller assembly blocks light
from the LED to the phototransistor. The
resultan! positive-going signal at the collector of
the phototransistor is a leading-edge signal.
When the sheet of film leaves the Drum/Nip
Roller área, the Nip Roller assembly moves
down. The píate on the Nip Roller assembly
allows light from the LED to reach the
phototransistor. The result-a negative-going
signal at the collector of the phototransistor is
the trailing- edge signal.
33. Double Film Feed Sensor (PS3): When the
film enters the Drum/Nip Roller área, the
thickness of the film moves the Nip Roller
assembly up. When the thickness of the film is
more than a single thickness, a píate on the
Nip Roller assembly blocks light from the LED
to the phototransistor. The resultant
positive-going signal at the collector of the
phototransistor is a double film feed signal.
34. Signal Adjust: RT1 adjusts the signal level of
the phototransistor so LED 1 ¡s lit only when
film is between the Drum and the Nip Roller
assembly.
35. Leading Edge Detector: This block processes
a positive-going signal from the phototransistor
to provide a leading-edge signal for the CPU.
© 3M 1991 November
6-4
36. Signal Detector: This block processes the
signal from the phototransistor so LED 1 ¡s lit
only when:
a. the relative positions of the píate on the Nip
Roller assembly and the Film Edge
Detector are corred, and
b. RT1 is properly adjusted.
37. Trailing Edge Detector: This block processes
a negative-going signal from the phototransistor
to provide a trailing edge signal for the CPU.
38. Signal Adjust Detect: When the film is present
between the Drum and the Nip Roller
assembly, and when RT1 is properly adjusted,
LED 2 is lit. LEDs 1 and 2 help the technician
to adjust RT1 properly.
39. Inverters: These inverters are used in a
conventional manner.
Note
The bottom four inverters monitor the +24V
interlock switches. When one of these switches
is open, the resultant low input to the inverter
provides a high input signal to the CPU. The
CPU generales the alarm code for the open
switch.
40. Push Lever Stop Sensor (PS1): This sensor
is adjusted to provide a signal when the push
levers reach mid-position. This sensor is a
photo-interrupt type like the sensors of blocks
32 and 33.
41. Receive Magazine Closed Sensor (PS2): This
sensor is adjusted to provide a signal when the
Receive Magazine is closed. This sensor is a
photo-interrupt type like the sensors of blocks
32 and 33.
Blocks 42 through 54 show the microswitch
interlocks.
42. LOAD Switch: The operator presses this
switch to unlock the supply drawer.
43. UNLOAD Switch: The operator presses this
switch to unlock the receiver drawer.
44. Supply Magazine Presence Switch (S5): This
switch is actuated when the Supply Magazine is
not in place.
45. Supply Magazine Window Closed Switch
(S6) This switch is actuated when the Supply
Magazine window is closed.
3M1991 November
Theorv of Qperation M952
46. Supply Magazine Window Open Switch (S7):
This switch is actuated when the Supply
Magazine window is open.
47. Film Start Cam High Switch (S8): This switch
is de-actuated when the film start cams are at
the high position.
48. Film Start Cam Middle Switch (S9): This
switch is de-actuated when the film start cams
are at the mid-position.
49. Film Start Cam Low Switch (S10): This switch
is de-actuated when the film start cams are at
the low position.
50. Rocker Cam Start Switch (S11): This switch is
de-actuated when the rocker cams are at the
start position.
51. Rocker Cam Stop Switch (S12): This switch is
de-actuated when the rocker cams are at the
stop position.
52. Push Lever Home Switch (S13): This switch
¡s de-actuated when the push levers are at their
home position.
53. Receive Magazine Presence Switch (S14):
This switch is actuated when the Receive
Magazine is absent.
54. Receive Magazine Open Switch (S15): This
switch is actuated when the Receive Magazine
is open.
55. Film Detector A (S16): This sensor detects
film as it enters the film drive assembly.
56. Film Detector B (S17): This sensor detects
film just before it reaches the film alignment
position.
Blocks 57 through 77 make up the Drum Motor
drive circuit. These blocks provide speed and
phase control of the Drum Motor.
57. Feedback: The encoder generales two pulse
trains: OA and OB. OB is 90 degrees out of
phase with OA. The frequency of the pulse train
varíes with the speed of the Drum Motor.
58. S2, S3 (Speed-Adjust Switches): These
switches allow the Technician to set the drum
motor speed.
M952 Theorv of Operation
59. Buffer: This is a conventional application.
60. Buffer: This is a conventional application.
61. Clock: This is a conventional application.
62. Speed Control: This block provides a
DC-servo speed control function.
63. Phase Control: This block provides a phase
locked loop function.
64. Sync Detector: This block detects when the
Drum Motor ¡s running at the proper speed.
65. Voltage Reference: This block provides an
adjustable offset voltage to the amplifier. It is
adjusted so TP3 voltage is about +1V.
66. Photo-Switch: This block couples the drum
sync signal while providing electrical isolation.
67. LED 1: This LED is a sync-lock indicator and is
used in calibrating the drum driver circuit. When
S4 (block 74) is turned off and then on, this
LED should be lit within 2 seconds.
68. Feedback: This block provides speed control
feedback and adjustment. If the gain of this
stage is too small, the time to lock into sync is
too long. If the gain of this stage is too large,
the synchronous slippage between pulses at
TP2 and the clock pulses at TP1 is too great.
69. Amplifier: This block provides a conventional
function.
70. Isolation Resistor: This block provides a
conventional function.
71. Feedback: This block provides speed and
phase control feedback and adjustment. RT2 is
adjusted to minimize synchronous slippage
while the adjustment of RT3 is maintained.
72. Amplifier: This block provides a conventional
function.
-
73. Photo-Switch: This block couples the motor
on/off signáis while providing electrical isolation.
74. S4 (Test Switch): This switch allows the
Technician to manually turn the Drum Motor on
and off.
6-5
75. Isolation Resistor: This block provides a
conventional function.
76. Transistor Switch: This block provides a way
to turn the Drum Motor on and off.
77. Driver: This block provides a conventional
function.
Blocks 78 through 97 show the solenoid, clutch,
and motor circuits.
78. Isolation Resistors: This block provides a
conventional function.
79. Inverters: This block provides a conventional
function.
80. SSR 1: This block provides a means to control
an AC load with a DC control signal. See the
Power Distribution Schematic for the AC load.
81. Supply Drawer Reléase Solenoid (SL1): The
position of the plunger of this solenoid
determines if the supply drawer is locked or
released. The drawer is released when the
solenoid is energized.
82. Receive Drawer Reléase Solenoid (SL2):
The position of the plunger of this solenoid
determines if the receive drawer is locked or
released. The drawer is released when the
solenoid is energized.
83. Top Cover Reléase Solenoid (SL3): The
position of the plunger of this solenoid
determines if the lock lever for the optics
module is locked or released. The lock is
released only when the solenoid is energized.
84. Film Alignment Solenoid (SL4): This solenoid,
when energized, rotates the film alignment
shaft so the push levers can align the film
against the film stoppers.
85. Film Start Clutch (CL1): This clutch allows the
CPU to control the transfer of motion from the
Film Start Motor to the film start cams.
86. Transient Suppresser (D1): The diode
prevenís voltage transients by providing a path
for circulation of Film Start Clutch turn-off
current.
87. Air Pot Clutch (CL2): This clutch allows the
CPU to control the transfer of motion from the
Film Start Motor to the air pot actuators.
© 3M 1991 November
6-6
88. Transient Suppresser (D2): The diode
prevenís voltage transients by providing a path
for circulation of Air Pot Clutch turn-off current.
89. Rocker Cam Clutch (CL3): This clutch allows
the CPU to control the transfer of motion from
the Film Orive Motor to the rocker cam shaft.
90. Film Push Clutch (CL4): This clutch allows the
CPU to control the transfer of motion from the
Film Push Motor to the film push shaft.
91. Film Counter (CT1): The counter tallies the
number of films processed.
92. Drum Motor (M6): This motor drives the drum
which provides film movement as the láser
exposes the film.
93. Receive Motor Driver: This block provides the
drive for the Receive Motor.
94. Supply Motor Driver: This block provides the
drive for the Supply Motor.
95. Optics Module: This module contains a láser
diode, various control circuits and
high-precision optics which accurately produce
an image on the infrared film.
Mirror
Mirror
Drum
Mirror-"^
Film
Cylinder Lens
Figure 6-1-1
3M 1991 November
Theorv of Operation M952
The voltage to the Láser Diode is controlled by
the image data, which varíes intensity of the
láser beam. Continuous feedback from a photo ^
detector assures a constant base voltage to the
Láser Diode.
Orientation of the Rotated Beam Splitter to the
Fixed Beam Splitter controls the amount of light
transmitted to the film. (Position of the Rotated
Beam Splitter is controlled by the Density
Control Knob.)
The láser beam is routed by a series of lenses
and a mirror to a Ten (10) - facetted, rotating,
Polygon Mirror. The beam ¡s reflected by the
Polygon Mirror through two more special
application lenses, off a fixed mirror, to the
surface of the film. Each facet of the Polygon
Mirror scans one line of image data on the
moving film. (The Polygon Mirror transmits 600
lines of image data per second to the film.)
The Drum rotates at a constant speed so the
lines of transmitted data accurately reproduce
the stored image.
The Start of Sean (SOS) Detector is actuated
as each new facet of the Polygon Mirror begins
another sean line. (This signal is used in timing
the data flow that controls the Láser Diode.)
Referió figure 6-1-1.
SOS Detector
fe Lens
Toroidal Lens
Polygon Mirror
Rotated Beam Splitter
Fixed Beam Splitter
Collimator Lens
Láser Diode
M952 Theory of Operatíon
96. Receive Motor (M5): This motor opens and
closes the Receive Magazine.
97. Supply Motor (M4): This motor opens and
closes the window of the Supply Magazine.
Blocks 98 through 101 show docking unit
functions.
98. Magazine Position Switch (S32): When there
is no External Docking Unit, and the Docking
Panel is installed, or when the operator rotates
the Docking Lever to the position for film in the
magazine, the Internal Docking Unit mechanism
actuales this switch. The resultant ground
signal informs the CPU that the film is routed to
the magazine.
99. Dock Position Switch (S33): When there is a
Docking Unit installed, and when the operator
rotates the Docking Lever to the position for
film in the Docking Unit, the Docking Unit
mechanism actuales this switch. The resultant
ground signal informs the CPU that the film is
routed to the Docking Unit.
6-7
100. Film Detector F Switch (S34): This switch
detects film as it is being loaded into the
Docking Unit. The film can only actúate this •
switch when the Docking Lever is rotated to
the position for film in the Docking Unit. The
resultant ground signal informs the CPU that
the film is moving toward the Docking Unit.
101. Lock Solenoid (SL5): This solenoid controls
the mechanical interlock for the Docking
Lever. When the CPU energizes the solenoid,
the interlock prevenís the operator from
changing the position of the Docking Lever.
Note
The two docking detect switches, S30 and
S31, are part of the interlock circuit for +24V
(2) and ± 15V. They are located in zones
Q1-R1 on the Power Distribution schematic
page 7-1.
© 3M 1991 November
6-8
6-2. FILM HANDLING ELECTRICAL
SEQUENCES
The following text describes the electrical functions
to complete the action of each step for the film
handling sequences shown. The bold numbers in
parentheses ( ) refer to the designated blocks on
the Functional Schematic, page 7-3. The dash (-)
indícales an electrical harness path exists between
each block. Also refer to the Print Sequence
Diagram, page 8-7.
6-2-1. Film Supply Electrical Sequence
1. Lock Top Cover.
Print Switch on (2) Remote Keypad is actuated
(or any flashing Error Code) - (1) CPU - (79)
Inverters on Interconnect - to de-energize (83)
Top Cover Reléase Solenoid SL3 (locks Top
Cover).
2. Indícate "Top Cover Open" Status.
Top Cover Interlock S4 Open - (39) Inverters
on Interconnect - (1) CPU - (21) LED Logic on
Local Panel - "Status 16".
3. Open the Supply Drawer.
(42) Load Switch - (1) CPU - (81) Supply
Drawer Reléase Solenoid SL1.
4. Indícate "Drawer Open" Status.
Supply Drawer Interlock S3 Open - (1) CPU -
(21) LED Logic on Local Panel - "Status 14."
5. Open Supply Magazine Window - requires the
print sequence to begin on command from the
CPU.
Actuated Print Switch on (2) Keypad - (1) CPU
(94) Supply Motor Driver on Interconnect - to
energíze (97) Supply Motor M4 (forward drive).
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Swítch S7
- Interconnect - (1) CPU - (94) Supply Motor
Drive on Interconnect - to de-energize (97)
Supply Motor M4 to stop forward drive.
© 3M 1991 November
Theorv of Qperation M952
6. Glose Supply Magazíne Window - final function
of the print sequence.
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU (94) Supply Motor
Driver on Interconnect - (97) Supply Motor M4
(reverse drive).
(45) Supply Magazine Window Closed Switch
S6 - Interconnect - (1) CPU -
(94) Supply Motor Driver on Interconnect - to
de-energize (97) Supply Motor M4 to stop
reverse drive.
7. Film Low detected (fewer than 20 sheets of film
in the Supply Magazine).
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - Photo LED on
(13) Film Low Sensor - Film Low reflector on
Supply Magazine - Phototransistor on (13) Film
Low Sensor - (17) Comparators on Film
Low/Out Detector Amp - (1) CPU and (20) LED
3 (momentarily flashes green).
(1) CPU - (25) Film Low LEDs on Local
Indication and "Film Low" Indicator on
(2) Remote Keypad.
8. Film Out detected (no film remaining in the
supply magazine).
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - Photo LED on
(12) Film Out Sensor - Film Out reflector on
Supply Magazine - Phototransistor on (12) Film
Out Sensor - (17) Comparators of Film Low/Out
Detector Amp - (1) CPU and (20) LED 3
(momentarily flashes red).
(1) CPU - (24) Alarm LEDs on Local Indication
and (21) LED Logic to "Status 10" on Local
Panel display (Ready goes Off).
(1) CPU - "Film Out" and "Alarm" Indicators on
(2) Remote Keypad. Indicator on (2) Remote
Keypad (Ready goes Off).
M952 Theorv of Operation
6-2-2. Film Start Eléctrica! Sequence
1. Film Start sequence begins - ¡nitiated by CPU
at end of "Window Open" sequence.
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Switch S7
- Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to energize Film
Start Motor M1 (100VAC Motor Orive).
(1) CPU (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
engage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
2. Pick-up Film (Airpot Arms are at lowest
position).
(49) Film Start Cam Low Switch S10 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to engage (87) Airpot Clutch
CL2.
3. Film to Middle position.
(48) Film Start Cam Middle Switch S9 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
engage (89) Rocker Cam Clutch CL3.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to energize Film
Orive Motor M2 (100VAC Motor Orive).
6-9
4. Film Reléase.
(51) Rocker Cam Stop Switch S12 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
engage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage the (89) Rocker Cam Clutch CL3.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage the (87) Airpot Clutch CL2.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 to de-energize Film
Orive Motor M2 (100 VAC Motor Orive).
5. Film Sensed at Film Orive Assembly.
(55) Film Detector A S16 - Interconnect-
(1) CPU.
6. Home.
(47) Film Start Cam High Switch S8 -
Interconnect (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to de-energize the
Film Start Motor M1.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage (85) Film Start Clutch CL1.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 to energize Film
Orive Motor M2 (100 VAC Motor Orive).
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
energize (84) Film Alignment (Stopper)
Solenoid SL4.
©3M1991 November
6-10 Theory of Qperation M952

6-2-3. Film Staging Eléctrica! Sequence 4. Push Levers Stop and Wait.

1. Film Sensed in the center of the Imager.
(56) Film Detector B S17 - Interconnect -
(1) CPU.
2. Film Staging Begins.
(55) Film Detector A S16 (film moves off
detector) - (1) CPU - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to engage (89) Rocker Cam
Clutch CL3.
3. Film Push Begins (film has reached the
Stoppers).
(50) Rocker Cam Start Switch S11 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
disengage Rocker Cam Clutch CL3.
(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on
Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to de-energize Film
Orive Motor M2.
(40) Push Lever Stop Sensor PS1 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - to disengage (90) Film
Push Clutch CL4.
(1) CPU (time delay) - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to de-energize (84) Film
Alignment (Stopper) Solenoid SL4.
5. Push Again to Exposure.
(1) CPU (time delay) - (79) Inverters on
Interconnect - to engage (90) Film Push Clutch
CL4.
6. Film Staging Complete.
(52) Push Lever Home Switch S13 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to
de-energize Film Push Motor M3 and
disengage (90) Film Push Clutch CL4.

(1) CPU - (78) Isolation Resistors on

Interconnect - (80) SSR-1 - to engage Film
Push Motor M3.

(1) CPU - (79) Inverters on Interconnect - to

engage (90) Film Push Clutch CL4.

©3M1991 November
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-11

6-2-4. Film Exposure/Optics Eléctrica! 4. Exposure Start.

Sequence
(32) Film Edge Detector - (35) Leading Edge'
1. DC Voltage Inputs to Optics Module. Detector Amp - (33) Inverters on Interconnect -
(1) CPU.
CPU (J6A) to Optics Module PWA-T (J1T).
1) PIN 1 +24V(1) (1) CPU (LD On) - (95) Optics Module.
2) PIN 2 +12V
3) PIN 4,5 24VRETURN (1) (95) Optics Module (SOS) - (1) CPU (Time
4) PIN 6 +15V Delay to allow correct image position on the
5) PIN 7 -15V film).
6) PIN 8 +24V(2)
7) PIN 9 24V RETURN(2) 5. End Exposure.

2. Beam Splitter Control (Operator has changed
the Density Control setting).
Density Control S5 - (22) Switch Logic on Local
Panel - (1) CPU.
Density Test Switch S2 - (22) Switch Logic on
Local Panel [or Print Switch on (2) Keypad] -
(1) CPU.
(32) Film Edge Detector - (37) Trailing Edge
Detector Amp - (33) Inverters on Interconnect -
(1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (95) Optics Module (LD On ceases,
which de-engergizes the Láser).
(95) Optics Module - (1) CPU (SOS pulses
end).

(1) CPU (Beam Splitter Motor ON) -
(95) Optics Module.
(95) Optics Module - (1) CPU (Beam Splitter
Home).
(1) CPU (Beam Splitter Driver Clock) - (95)
Optics Module.
6. Drum Motor/Polygon Motor Orive Ends.
(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - Interconnect (73) Photo Switch on
Drum Orive (PWA-D) to de-energize Drum
Motor M6.

3. Drum Motor/Polygon Motor Orive. (1) CPU (Polygon Motor) - (95) Optics Module
to de-energize the Polygon Motor.
(46) Supply Magazine Window Open Switch S7
- Interconnect - (1) CPU. 7. Indícate "Double Film Feed"

(1) CPU - Interconnect - (73) Photo Switch on (33) Double Film Feed Sensor - PWA-I Film
Drum Orive (PWA -D) to energize Drum Edge Detector Amp - Interconnect -
Motor M6. (1) CPU (Error Code 24).

(1) CPU (Polygon Motor) - (95) Optics Module.

(95) Optics Module (Polygon Stabilized) -

(1) CPU.

3M1991 November
6-12 Theorv of Operation M952

6-2-5. Film Receive Eléctrica! Sequence 5. Receive Magazine full detected.

1. Open the Receive Drawer.
(43) Unload Switch - (1) CPU -
(82) Receive Drawer Reléase Solenoid SL2.
2. Indícate "Drawer Open" Status.
(4) Film Full Sensor - (8) Comparators on Film
Full Detector Amp - Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (24) Alarm LEDs on Local Indication
and (21) LED Logic to "Status 11" on Local
Panel display (Ready goes OFF).

Receive Drawer Interlock S2 Open - (1) CPU - (1) CPU - "Alarm" Indicator on (2) Remote
(21) LED Logic on Local Panel - "Status 15." Keypad ("Ready" Indicator goes Off).

3. Receive Magazine Open (occurs at the 6. Receive Magazine Missing Detected.

beginning of the print sequence).
Print Switch on (2) Keypad - (1) CPU - (93)
Receive Motor Driver on Interconnect - to
energize (96) Receive Motor M5.
(54) Receive Magazine Open Switch S15 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU - (93) Receive Motor
Driver on Interconnect - to de-energize (96) the
Receive Motor M5.
(53) Receive Magazine Presence Switch S14 -
Interconnect - (1) CPU.
(1) CPU - (24) Alarm LEDs on Local Indication
and (21) LED Logic to "Status 13" on Local
Panel display (Ready goes Off).
(1) CPU - "Alarm" Indicator on (2) Remote
Keypad ("Ready" Indicator goes Off.)

4. Receive Magazine Cióse (occurs at the end of

the print sequence).

(32) Film Edge Detector - (37) Trailing Edge

Detector Amp - (33) Inverters on Interconnect -
(1) CPU (time delay) - (93) Receive Motor
Driver on Interconnect - (96) Receive
Motor M5.

(41) Receive Magazine Closed Sensor PS2 -

Interconnect - (1) CPU (93) Receive Motor
Driver on Interconnect - to de-energize (96) the
Receive Motor M5.

© 3M 1991 November
M952 Theory of Operation 6-13

6-3. POWER-UP INITIALIZATION DESCRIPTION

When the Láser Imager ¡s powered up, the MCS

does a CPU self test and a transpon system
test. If a failure occurs during the self
tests, the MCS will alarm. If alarms occur
because of bad setup or no set up parameters,
only that user is put in the alarm condition.

While the self test is running, the MCS can

respond to the Multi-Modality Mode command
(MMM) that the MMU continually sends after
being powered up. The MMU may be powered up
before or after the Láser Imager, so the MCS
must accept the MMM command at any time. If
the MCS has not received the MMM command by
the time the IMS ¡s inilializes, it will set
up in single user mode and allocate all but
.25 MB of memory to one partition. This
eases single user set-up, and provides a way
to run the Láser Imager with one modality if
theMMUfails.

After the self tests are completed, the MCS

sends a hardware reset to the IMS and then
initializes the IMS for image acquisition by
sending five commands. First, the MCS sends
the Run Self Test (RST) command to the IMS.
If the response from the IMS is test fail,
the MCS turns on the ALARM light and displays
the appropriate IMS error codes (h1 - h5).
If the response is test pass, the MCS
continúes. Second, the MEM command ¡s sent
to initialize the image directory in IMS
NOVRAM and prepare it for partition
Information. Third, the Clear All of memory
(CLR, ALL) is sent to remove all image
directory data (addresses for images) ¡n the
IMS NOVRAM. Fourth, the Set Compander
command (SCP ON/OFF) is sent to enable or
disable memory compression. Finally, the MCS
sends the Partition memory (PAR) command to
set the size for each partition. After this,
the MCS lights the READY light on the Local
Panel.

If the MMM command is received after the IMS

has been initialized, the MCS will
reinitialize the IMS for múltiple partitions.
The size and number of partitions are defined
by the parameters stored in the MCS NOVRAM.

© 3M Co. 1990 January

6-14
6-4. IMS FUNCTIONAL SCHEMATIC TEXT
The Image Management System (IMS) receives
image data ¡n either analog or digital form, and
processes and formáis this data to drive the Láser
Imager. The system includes the following PWAs,
illustrated in block formal on page 7-5:
• Analog Interíace PWA-This PWA converts
video signáis inpul lo it inlo digital output.
• Syslem Controller PWA--This PWA interprets
commands from the MCS, conlrols all
processes within the IMS, and controls IMS
self-lesting.
Output Formatter PWA-This PWA is used to
formal image data for láser prinling. It
magnifies images, and ihen converts them from
digilal to analog formal, to drive Ihe láser diode.
• Memory Conlroller PWA-This PWA provides
liming and conlrol required to store data in
memory and access Ihe dala.
• Memory PWAs-These PWAs store image data.
Memory may include up to six PWAs for a
máximum total of 24 Mbytes.
Functions of each of Ihe PWAs are described in the
following paragraphs.
6-4-1. Image Acquisition
The IMS (Image Management System) is
responsible for acquiring and storing both analog
and digilal images. The Keypad, MMU, and MCS
all work logelher enabling the IMS to perform an
acquisition. The following discussion covers bolh
Ihe IMS acquisition and the roles of the Keypad,
MMU, and MCS leading up to acquisilion.
Keypad:
Image Acquisition begins at the Keypad or Remote
Control Device when an operator presses one of
the Store Butlons. The Keypad passes Ihe Acquire
Command and Image Number to the MMU (or
Imager if MMU is not being used).
© 3M 1991 November
Theory of Operatíon M952
MMU (Mulli-Modalily Unit):
When the MMU receives the Acquire Command, its
CPU musí determine the users priority and place
the requesl in line accordingly. When Ihe MMU
CPU determines that the Imager is not busy, il
aclivales the user's Data Channel (image data
path). The CPU also determines the user's
Partition Number based upon the COMM Channel
and Group assignment. Next the CPU sends the
following information to the MCS CPU in the Láser
Imager: Acquire Command, User (COMM Channel)
Number, Partition Number, and Image Number.
MCS (Machine Control System):
If the Imager is connected directly to a keypad (no
MMU), the User Number and Partition Number
default to 1. Upon receiving the Acquire
Command, User Number, Partition Number, and
Image Number, the MCS CPU must decide if the
User Number is the same as the last User of that
Partition.
If they are the same, the MCS CPU passes the
Acquire Command, Partition Number, and Image
Number to the IMS System Controller.
If the User Number is not the same as the last User
of that Partition, the MCS CPU looks in its
NOVRAM for the user's Interface Type and Video
Parameters The Interface Type and Video
Parameters are sent to the IMS System Controller
along with the Acquire Command, Partition
Number, and Image Number.
IMS (Image Management System)
Note
Reference the IMS Functional Schematic in Section
7-5 while reading this portion of the Theory of
Operation.
M952 Theory of Operatíon
The Acquire Command is received by the IMS
System Controller thru the " Link A" line from
the MCS. The IMS Processor/Controller does
the following based on data that accompanies
the command:
• Selects the Interface (Digital or Analog)
• Selects the Memory Partition
• Checks the Image Directory to see where
the image should be stored
• Sets Up the Analog Interface with the
video parameters, if the Analog Interface
is selected
The remainder of this section covers
acquisition thru the Analog Interface PWA.
For a description of the Digital Interface
see Section 6-4.
The Processor/Controller sends the Sample
Frequency to Control Register #1 on the
Analog Interface PWA. This register controls
the Main Clock Generator whose output will be
either the specified internal sample
frequency or the external clock sample
frequency. The Main Clock is fed back into a
frequency counter. The Calíbrate signal which
enables the Frequency Counter is generated by
the Miscellaneous Control Register on command
from the Processor/Controller. The digital
output from the counter is loaded into the
two Clock Calibration Status Registers. The
Processor/Controller reads the Main Clock
Frequency from the registers and calcúlales
the number of Horizontal Pixels for the
Horizontal Delay and the Horizontal Active
which have been programmed as a time rather
than a pixel count. The Processor/Controller
now loads the following Control Registers:
#2 - Horizontal Active Pixels
#3 - Horizontal Active Pixels and External
Clock Phase Delay
#4 - Horizontal Delay Pixels
#6 - Vertical Delay Lines
#7 - Vertical Active Lines
#8 - Vertical Active Lines
#9 - Black Level
6-15
Now the Processor/Controller loads the
Miscellaneous Control Register with the
Acquire Command. The video enters the Analog'
Interface PWA at connector J3. Switch S2
provides a 75 Ohm Terminator for most
applications. If the Video Out (J4) is
connected to an external device, then S2
should be open. Next, the video passes thru
an amplifier which has a gain adjustment (R1)
to provide a two Volt range from black to
white at TP3. The next stage provídes
bandwidth filters which may be used to
elimínate image artifacts by narrowing the
overall video bandwidth. The video now
enters the final amplifier which establishes
the black at zero volts when the proper data
has been loaded into Control Register #9.
The video at TP3 should have a Black Level at
O Volts and a range of two Volts from black
to white. The video is digitized by the
Analog to Digital Converter with every Main
Clock pulse that occurs. Once the video is
digitized, Buffer Timing and Control
determines how each pixel is stored.
Buffer Timing and Control is synchronized by
the Main Clock. After the Acquire Command is
loaded into the Miscellaneous Control
Register, Buffer Timing and Control waits for
the Vertical Sync signal (TP9) which is
extracted from the video by the Sync
Separator. Timing and Control next counts
off the Vertical Delay Lines by counting
Horiz Sync Pulses from the Sync Separator.
After the Vertical Delay is completed, the
Horizontal Delay is counted down via the Main
Clock (Sampling Clock). The next Main Clock
pulse should correspond with the first pixel
and the Buffer Timing and control gates the
pixel thru Pixel Buffer #1 and into Line
Buffer #1. Each succeeding pixel is stored
in Line Buffer #1 until the Horizontal Active
pixel count is satisfied. One line of video
is now stored in Line Buffer #1.
© 3M Co. 1990 January
6-16
Buffer Timing and Control next transfers Line
Buffer #1 to the Mass Memory. The transfer
takes place thru the Bi-Directlonal Buffer
and Pixel Bus Buffer. The data travels over
the Pixel Bus to the Memory Controller PWA
which performs data compression. The
compressed data is stored in the Memory
Partition requested by the
Processor/Controller.
The Pixel Bus opérales at 10 Mhz. Some
modalities work at a sampling frequency up to
32 Mhz. Because of the more than 3.2 to 1
rale range between data acquisition and data
transfer, only every 4th line in a field is
acquired, and a second Line Buffer is
provided for acquisition while the first is
transferring data to the Pixel Bus. Four
passes thru a field are required to acquire
allof the image lines.
Buffer Timing and Control continúes to
acquire and transfer lines until the number
of lines acquired ¡s equal to the Vertical
Active setting. Upon completing the acquisi-
tion, the End of Field bit is set in the
Miscellaneous Status Register to let the
Processor/Controller know that acquisition is
complete. The Processor/ Controller updates
the Image Directory with the location of the
image. The acquisition acknowledge message
is relayed from the Processor/Controller thru
the MCS, and MMU (if present) back to the
keypad. The keypad CPU lights the
appropriate red Store Indicator.
Buffer Timing and Control is also responsible
for reporting error conditions when the sync
pulses fail to occur or occur at the wrong
times. Failures are reponed to the
Processor/Controller thru the Miscellaneous
Status Register. The MCS converts the
information to an error code to be displayed
on the Keypad.
© 3M Co. 1990 January
Theory of Operatíon M952
6-4-2. Image Printíng
The IMS (Image Management System) is
responsible for retrieving stored digital
images from the Mass Memory and converting
the data into an analog signal for the láser
diode. The Keypad, MMU, and MCS all work
together to provide information that the IMS
needs before the image can be converted to an
analog signal. The following discussion
covers both the IMS print formatting and the
roles of the Keypad, MMU, and MCS leading up
to printing.
Define Zones:
A zone is a horizontal band across the film
consisting of a number of láser sean lines.
Each horizontal row of images is printed in a
zone. The zones are assigned sequentially
beginning with zone #1 at the top of the
film. The formal selected on the keypad
specifies the zones based on how many rows of
images need lo be prinied.
The prinl operalion begins when the operator
pushes the Prinl Bullón on ihe keypad. The
keypad CPU examines where images are slored
and calcúlales where and whai size ihe images
should be on the film.
After determining where and whai size the
images should be, the keypad generales a
number of "Define Zone" commands for ihe IMS
lo use in formalling ihe images. The command
includes ihe following:
Number of lines in the zone
Number of blank lines at top of zone
Number of images in the zone
Horizontal Magnification
Veriical Magnification
Enlargement Mode
Image Numbers lo prinl
Contrasl Tables
Interpolaron Number
The "Define Zone" commands are received by
Ihe MMU. The MMU adds on Ihe User's
Partition Number because the IMS Directory
keeps track of images by Parlition Number and
Image Number. The MMU sends the commands to
the MCS which passes ihem lo Ihe IMS over Ihe
"Link A" signal line. If an MMU is nol
atlached the MCS assigns a Partilion Number
of 1.
•
The IMS slores all of ihis information until
ii is lime lo formal Ihe images.
M952 Theory of Operatíon
Setup to Print:
After all the film zones have been specified,
the keypad CPU issues the "Setup to Print"
command which includes:
• Number of Copies
• Density
When the command is received at the MMU, the
Partition Number and User Number is added to
the command; the MMU forwards the command to
the MCS. The MCS passes the command with
Partition, Density, and Number of Copies to
the IMS.
The IMS stores this information until it is
time to formal the images. The command also
triggers the MCS to stage a film. When film
is stopped in the staging área the MCS sends
the "Staging Complete" message back to the
User's keypad.
Expose Film:
Once the keypad receives the "Staging
Complete" response it must issue the "Expose"
command. This command is passed to the MMU
which adds the Partition Number and User
Number; it is placed in a que according to
the user's priority. When the Imager becomes
available the MMU forwards the command to the
MCS. The MCS passes the command and Partition
Number to the IMS Processor/Controller to
initiate the image formatting.
IMS (Image Management System)
Note
Reference the IMS Functional Schematic in
Section 7-5 while reading this portion of
the Theory of Operation.
The System Controller PWA has stored all of
the image parameters from the "Define Zone"
and "Setup to Print" commands. The "Expose
Film" command causes the Processor/Controller
to begin formatting the images. The Interpo-
lation setting is sent to the control
registers on the Output Formatter PWA. The
Contrast information is sent to the Grey
Scale circuits. The Output Formatter is now
ready to begin receiving digital image
information over the Pixel Bus.
6-17
The Processor/Controller next determines
where in Mass Memory the first line of pixels
to be printed is stored. It uses the
following parameters:
Partition Number
Image Numbers
Horizontal Magnification
Vertical Magnification
Enlargement Mode
Aspect Ratio
The Image Directory (entry created at the end
of each acquisition) is used to conven
Partition and Image Numbers into addresses
which are sent to the Memory Controller -
Address Buffer Counter. The other parameters
Usted above determine when pixels are to be
repeated for proper image sizing.
The Memory Controller reads the image line
from the Mass Memory and passes the data thru
the Data Expansión circuits. Thisstep
restores each pixel to its original
(non-compressed) valué. The pixels are
tranferred from the Memory Controller to the
Output Formatter via the Pixel Bus.
Three lines of pixels are transferred to to
the Interpolaron 3 Line Buffer. Interpola-
tion is performed according to the valúes
specified in the "Define Zone" command from
the keypad. Interpolated pixel valúes are
expressed in 12 bit digital numbers which
provide 4096 levéis of grey. Next the pixels
are applied to the Contrast (Grey Scale)
Lookup Tables and transferred to the DAC
(Digital toAnalog Converter). The analog
output signal is applied to the Láser Module
to regúlate the amount of infra-red light
reaching the film.
The Output Formatter functions are synchro-
nized with the Láser Diode via the Master
Timing/Handshake Generation block. The Pixel
Bus must be available to the Output Formatter
as required by the synchronizing. Therefore,
no image acquisitions are allowed during
exposure to insure that the Pixel Bus is
available when the Output Formatter needs it.
The EOF signal lets the MCS know that the
Output Formatter is done and image
acquisitions may resume.
© 3M Co. 1990 January
6-18 Theory of Operation M952

6-5. DIGITAL INTERFACE 6-5-1. Signáis

The digital interface accepts parallel data
and control signáis from a digital imaglng
device. The interface, a PWAthat is
¡nstalled in the imaging device, converts the
signáis from TTL levéis to RS422 levéis.
Data and control signáis are sent between the
digital imaging device and the Láser Imager
on balanced lines (figure 6-5-1).
LEDs on the system controller PWA blink
during image transfer on the signal lines and
are on at other times (figure 6-5-1). (The
Spare 1 LED is always off.)

CRI flashes at a steady rate to indícate that

System Controller is in an idle state. The
flashing will be interrupted during
acquisition and printing.

CR2 comes on briefly during the IMS self-test

at power-up. The System Controller UART is
being tested when the LED is on.

3 DO 3D4 3 Parity
3 D1 :>D5 3 Strobe
D D2 3D6 D Mode
D D3 PD7 3 Spare
J

H<>st
Ec ¡uipment
M952
Laseí• Imager r
/
IMS-idle
Data (DO-07) CR1 - Flashing
Digital D D D S- ••
Interface Parity IMS CR2 - UART
PWA Strobe System Self-Test
Mode Controller
Request PWA
Retransmit
Spare 1 Digital Interface
Spare 2 Connector

Figure 6-5-1

© 3 M C o . 1990 January
M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-19

Following is a description of the signáis: 6-5-2. Protocol

Sígnal Description To acquire an image, the Láser Imager sends

Data (DO-D7) 8 bits of parallel data for each
byte of a message.
Parity Odd, even, or no parity.
Strobe Indicates that valid data is on
the data lines.
Mode Identifies the type of character
that is on the data lines:
mode O = data character (image
size or image data); mode 1 =
framing character (start of
message, message type, end of
message, end of transmission).
Request Requests the imaging device lo
transmit one line (512 bytes) of
image data.
Retransmit Requests the imaging device to
retransmit the last line of
image data because an error in
parity or horizontal size was
detected. Three consecutive
retransmissions set an alarm in
the Láser Imager.
Spare 1, 2 Spare output control lines.
requests to the imaging device. In response
to the first request, the imaging device
sends the image size message. In response to
subsequent requests, the imaging device sends
an image data message for each line of image
data (512 bytes). A message is sent according
to the following protocol (figure 6-5-2):
1. Start of message (SOM) identifies the
beginning of a message.
2. Message type indicates either an image
size message or an image data message.
3. Message data
a. Image size message: Data is the length
of the horizontal line and the number
of vertical lines.
b. Image data message: Data is one line of
image data.
4. End of message (EOM) identifies the end of
the image size message or the end of an
intermedíate line of image data in an
image data message. End of transmission
(EOT) identifies the end of the last line
of a frame of image data.

- Mod6 4
1 * mode 0 ^iviode i

Image Message Vert. Vert.

Horiz. Horiz.
Size SOM Type Size Size EOM
Message Size Size
(Size)

"1111" «0000010 »PP- Lower Uppsr Lower „„„„„„„„

- üiu BT i es ~
//
Image Message
Data EOMor
SOM Type Image Irrite Image Image
Message EOT*
(Data)

11111111 00000011 EOM =

00000000
EOT =
*EOT on last line of frame 00000001

Figure 6-5-2

© 3M Co. 1990 January

6-20 Theory of Operation M952

6-5-3. Timing

Timing for sending either an image size

message or an image data message is shown in
figure 6-5-3A. Timing for retransmitting a
message is shown in figure 6-5-3B.

Time Description Min Max

1 Request data to leading edge of strobe 200 ns 500 ms

2 Strobe width 100ns 1/us
3 Strobe period 1 /us
4 Strobe low to mode low 100ns
5 Data setup time 300 ns
6 Data hold time 100ns
7 Leading edge of strobe to request low 5/us
8 Request low to request high 200 ns 500 ms
9 Request low to retransmit high 1 /js 500 ¡us
10 Retransmit high to request high 1 fJS 500/us
11 Request high to retransmit low 1 fJS 500/us

. J£LU
r~
(T) '
i
íí
"
'
1
©
i
i
(D
i
r
Request I i
i 1

otrooe 1 1 I I 1 f/I 1 | 1 1

I I
ivioue
Mnrln —J I
íí
))
1 1 //
Data
riJLi SÓP71
l owl
í
i i
"
1 Tunp
| ' JK e
1
I ñotñ 1 ñatñ l\\Hata 1 Rata
Sf
Ff JM

©'<!) ' Message Timing

Figure 6-5-3A

Request

1»
Retransmit

Mnrio

Data Data EOM SOM Type Data \t Timing

Figure 6-5-3B

© 3 M C o . 1990 January
 M952 Theory of Operation 6-21

6-6. MCS/IMS INTERFACE

The following interface signáis will be used

to communicate Information between the
Machine Control Subsystem and the Image
Management System.

6-6-1. Analog Data

A OVDC to 2VDC analog signal is used by the

láser diode driver. OVDC represents the
mínimum density and 2VDC represents the
máximum density. The voltage range is divided
into 256 equal steps. The input impedance of
this circuit is 75 ohms (use RG59 cable).

6-6-2. Request Data/Send Data

The machine control processor sets low when

requesting that the IMS prepare for the
upcoming print. It sets high after the IMS
sets Data Ready, and the film is in printing
position.

6-6-3. Data Ready/EOF

The Image Management System sets low when the

image data is ready, to acknowledge the
Request Data signal. It pulís high after
printing film.

6-6-4. Start of Sean (SOS)

The falling edge of this signal tells the IMS

when to initiate the sean line sequence.

6-6-5. LinkA

This asynchronous serial data path is used to

communicate information from the MCS to the
IMS.

6-6-6. LinkB

This asynchronous serial data path is used to

communicate information from the IMS to the
MCS processor.

6-6-7. Reset

A low level on this line for a period of at

least 10 ms causes the IMS processor to
reset.

© 3M Co. 1990 January

_ -
6-22 Theory of Operatíon M952

6-7. KEYPAD (REMOTE CONTROL) 6-7-2. Protocol

INTERFACE
The remote control ¡nterface accepts serial
data and control signáis from a keypad or
other remote device. The interface converts
the signáis from RS232 or RS422 levéis to TTL
levéis. A switch on the connector panel
selects the interface type.
6-7-1. Signáis
To control the Láser Imager, the remote
device sends and receives messages. A message
consists of a command or response followed by
an end of message character. Messages are
sent In ASCII according to the following
protocol:
1. The remote device sends a command to the
Láser Imager.

Standard data Communications signáis are sent 2. The Láser Imager acknowledges the command
between the remote device and the Láser with an ACK or a NAK. If the Láser Imager
Imager on unbalanced lines (RS232) or sends a NAK, the remote device
balanced lines (RS422) (figure 6-7-1). retransmits the command three times
Switches on PWA-B (CPU) select the before setting an alarm.
transmission rate, end of message (EOM)
character, and other parameters. For the 3. The Láser Imager performs the command,
keypad, the transmission rate is 1200 baud, and sends a response to the remote
and the EOM character is CR. If an MMU is device.
connected instead of a Keypad, the rate is
set to 9600.
Keypad, Remote M952
Oevice or MMU Láser Imager

PWA-B
TXD (CPU)
DTR r
RTS
^ RXD
, CTS
DCD

__—— ••«•_-— Frame ground

1 Frame ground TXD * ^^
20
TXD-
NC RXD-
14 2 TXD- RTS»
NC RTS-
15 3 RXD- CTS + 23 '
NC RTS -
16 4 NC NC
NC + 12 VDC
17 5 26 7 Signal ground
DCD*
NC 6
DCD-
18 NC DTR t " '
NC 19 ?
Signal ground ' 2 VDC 28 o Signal ground
DTR-
20 8 DCD- '12
2VDC
VDC
29 1 Signal ground
30 2
NC 9 Signat ground
21 NC 12 VDC
NC 3 Signal ground
22 10 NC 12 VDC
32 4 Signal ground
NC 12 VDC
23 11 33 5 Signal ground
NC 12 VDC

JL-
Signal ground
NC 12VOC
NC Signal ground
NC '2 VDC
Signal ground
1
NC I NC

NC = No connection

RS232 Cable RS422 Keypad

Connector Cable Connector
Figure 6-7-1

© 3M Co. 1990 January

M952 Theory of Operation 6-23

6-7-3. Commands and Responses

A command or response consists of an opcode An end of message (EOM) character terminales

and one or more operands (if required). a command or response. A switch on PWA-B
Commas or spaces sepárate the opcode and (CPU) selects the character (ETX, CR, LF, or
operands. CR/LF).

Commands from Keypad/Remote Device

Operation Opcode Operands

Acquire ASCII image AAI Image number, Line separation, Text

Abort print ABO User number
Allocate imager ALI None
* Acquire image AQI User number
Acquire image AQU Image number, User number
Bind partition BND Partition number, User number
Clear alarm CLA User Number
* Clear image CLI User number
Clear image CLR Image number, User number
Clear zone CLZ User number
Contrast test CNT Image number, User number
Density test DNT User number
Disable request DRQ None
Define zone DZO Lines, Border, Quantity, Horizontal
magnification, Vertical magniflcation,
Enlargement mode, Image numbers, Contrast
tables, Interpolaron type, User number
Expose EXP User number
Inquire INQ User number
Set machine MCH Machine type, Interface type, User number
Partition memory PAR Sizes
* Print film PRI Mode, Polarity, Contrast, Number of copies,
User number
Reset RES None
Read last contrast RLC User number
Read last density RLD User number
Reléase imager RLI None
Read maintenance data RMD Start address, Number of bytes
Request status ROS User number
Reshuffle partition RSH User number
Set border SBD Border valué, User number
* Select Formal SFO Formal number, Horizontal size, Vertical size,
User number
Set Parameters SPN User number
Setup to print STP Copies, Density, User number
Set video SVI Video paramelers, User number
Transfer reserve memory TRN User number

These commands are generaled by P831 keypads. The M952 Láser Imager will
accepi and decode them lo be compalible wilh the oíd keypad. M952 keypads do
not genérate ihese commands.

© 3M Co. 1990 January

6-24 Theory of Operation M952

Responses from Láser Imager

Operation Opcode Operands

Answer inquire ANQ Bytes available. Contiguous bytes. Holes ¡n Partltion.

Operation failed FAI Error code, Received command
Invalid command INV Received command
List maintenance data LMD Starting address, Data
Operation completed PAS None
Return status STA Status indicator
RDY = ready
ALM = alarm
FLO = film low
MFL = memory full
PRI = printing
BSY = busy
FOT = film out
FDE = feed error
Staging complete STC User number

Commands from Láser Imager

Operation Opcode Operand

Alarm ALM Alarm number

Alarm reset ARS None
Blink ¡ndicator BID Indicator number, User number
Decrement Counter DCR Film low, User number
Reset ¡ndicator RID Indicator number, User number
Set indicator SID Indicator number, User number
Sound Tone SND Duration, Frequency, User number

© 3M Co. 1990 January

M952 Theory of Operatíon
6-7-4. Keypad Operation
The keypad sends commands to the Láser Imager
and receives status and error Information
from the Láser Imager. The data and control
signáis are sent on balanced Unes at RS422
levéis. Refer to Section 7-7 as you read the
following text.
1. CPU: Controls keypad operation.
2. System clock (SC): Provides 2.5-MHz
timing signáis for the CPU, serial I/O
controller, and counter/timer. A 5-MHz
oscillator drives the clock.
3. Reset circuit (R): Resets the CPU and
other circuits when the Láser Imager
power is turned on.
4. Memory: Stores the CPU program in ROM and
the data in a 2K RAM. The ROM is
installed in a socket for field updating.
5. Configuration switches: Set the machine
code.
6. Serial I/O controller (SIO): Provides
the RS422 data and control signáis - TXD,
RXD, RTS, CTS, DCD, DTR.
7. RS422 drivers and receivers: Convert the
data and control signáis from TTL levéis
to RS422 levéis for interfacing to the
Láser Imager.
6-25
8. Counter/timer circuit (CTC): Provides the
clock for the beeper and the baud clock
for the serial I/O controller.
Transmission rate is fixed at 1200 baud.
9. Switch encoder: Sends a 6-bit code to the
data bus when one of the buttons in the
switch matrix is pressed.
10. LED latones: Store data for the LED
drivers.
11. LED drivers: Light the LEDs and
digital display (COPIES).
12. Beeper driver: Sounds the beeper when the
CPU sends a beeper enable signal. The
beeper volume control adjusts the volume.
13. Function clock (FC); Provides clock
signáis for the switch encoder, LED
latches, and control register.
14. Control register: Provides control
signáis for the beeper and the 9-volt
voltage regulator,
15. Voltage regulators: Convert +12 VDC
from the Láser Imager to +9 VDCforthe
LED and beeper drivers and +5 VDCforthe
CPU and other circuits. To prevent LED
flicker, the CPU sends a 9-volt off
slgnal to the 9-volt voltage regulator
when it sends data to the LED latches.
© 3M Co. 1990 January
6-26 Theory of Operatíon M952

6-7-5. Keypad Controls and Indicators G. FILM OUT - No sheets of film remain in
the Supply Magazine.

H. FEED ERROR - A problem has occurred in

H G F I the Film Transpon system.
A^ \
B^•~~~. "^ READYN. \G ERASE
Operator Controls
MAGE
~~~ ALARM N. \Y
C- — FILM LOW N. FILM OUT

• — MEMORY FULL ^ FEED ERROR I. FORMAT SELECTION - Sets the number of

D- images to appearon the film. The
^ORMAT SELECTON
SMOOTH NORMAL ^L appropriate green storage lights appear
1 - ODC 10
n]1 12 1
I15 II20 SHARP
U SLIDES
-M
to show the pattern of images which wlll
appearon the film.
STORE COPIES
^N
o 0 o o a u.
LJ LJ
J. STORE - Transfers and stores images
according to the formal selected.
0 o o 0 SET STOP/RESET

"~* -o • No light means that the image position

J- 0 o o o ~^\T
\
\x
on the film ¡s not used in the
currently selected formal.
o o o o "P
• A green light means that a position is
o o 0 0 available for image storage.

• A blinking red light means that an

image is being stored in that
Figure 6-7-5A 20:1 Keypad position.

Status Indicators • A continuous red light shows that an

image is stored in that position.
A. READY-The Láser Imager ¡s readyto
begin its next operation. K. ERASE IMAGE - Enables random image
erasures.
B. ALARM - Accompanies an audible sound when
a problem occurs during Láser Imager • Pressing ERASE IMAGE causes all
operation. existing red lights to blink.

C. FILM LOW - Indicates less than 20 sheets • Pressing a STORE button erases the
of film remaining in the Supply Magazine. image stored at that location and
changes the light to green.
D. MEMORY FULL - The image currently being
stored does not fit into memory. All • All blinking red lights return to
previously stored images are still continuous red.
present and may be printed.
L. SMOOTH/SHARP - Allows you to select a
E. PRINTING - The Láser Imager is in a print smooth or sharp image according to the
cycle. The indicator flashes during the interpolation valúes specified in the
print cycle, except while the film is keypad.
being exposed. The indicator is on during
exposure. The operator can acquire images M. NORMAL/SUDES - Allows you to select the
during a print cycle anytime the normal image size as determined by the
indicator isflashing. formal or super slide size which fit a
super slide mount. Only images 512x512
F. BUSY - The Láser Imager is performing an pixels or smaller will fit a super slide
operation. No Acquire or Print commands mount.
will be accepted by the Láser Imager
while this indicator is on.

© 3M Co. 1990 January

M952 Theory of Operatíon 6-27

N. COPIES - Displays the number of prints

remaining to be printed in a print cycle, or H G F E
Alarm Codes.
^^ -READY\^\G ERASE
B- -ALARM \^\Y IMAGE
O. STOP/RESET - Prevenís another print cycle \ \L \

and reset the copy count to "1". c-

. ——
D
FORMATSELECTION SMOOTH NQBMAt-
• Clears Local Alarm Codes. IMODÉJ IÍMAGEJ
-OLDQCD SHARP SUDES
-M
• Removes control of the Láser Imager from STORE COPIES

a keypad operating in "lockout" mode in an

MMU installation. The button must be held n nn n> m
IÜI

H nn
depressed until "O" appears on the COPIES riHi ni SET STOP/RESET

indicator, Then pressed again to disconnect

the keypad. J- IL&- -0
Note nnn -P

In a multi-modality system, there may be a

delay between pressing the PRINT button
and the start of the print cycle. (The Láser
nnn
i J l MJ
PRINT

Imager is already in a print cycle initiated

by another modality). If you press the print
button a second time, the print request will
be saved at the MMU and múltiple print
cycles will result on the Imager. The
second print request will also cause the
BUSY light on the Keypad to flash. The
second print request can be canceled by
pressing the STOP/RESET button.
Figure 6-7-5B 12:1 Keypad
Differences for 12:1 Keypad
N. COPIES - For 12:1 Keypads a one digit copies
indicator is synchronized with the ALARM
indicator.

P. SET - Allows you to select up to 99 duplícate • When the ALARM indicator is on, the most
origináis per print cycle. significant Alarm Code digit is displayed.

Q. PRINT - Starts the Láser Imager print cycle. • When the ALARM indicator is off, the least
significant Alarm Code digit is displayed.

For example, in error code 28, the 2 is

displayed when the ALARM indicator is on, and
the 8 is displayed when the ALARM indicator is
off.

P. SET - Allows you to select up to 9 duplícate

original per print cycles.

3M1991 November