Writing Section

General Writing Strategies on pages 291 - 295

There are two parts to this section: First you will have an integrated task, in which
you must read an academic passage, then listen to a related academic lecture,
and finally write a summary of both.

Second, you will be given a prompt in response to which you must write a
persuasive essay.

GENERAL WRITING STRATEGIES: INDEPENDENT AND INTEGRATE.

STRATEGY 1: ORGANIZE YOUR THOUGHTS FIRST

Organize your ideas in briefly in note form. Don’t spend more than 2 or 3
minutes on your outline.

Strategy 2: Use familiar vocabulary.

Be yourself and use the vocabulary that you would normally use.

Strategy 3: Use familiar and natural sentence structure.

Strategy 4: Write as you speak but with better style and more care.
Strategy 5: Vary your vocabulary and sentence structure.
Strategy 6: Avoid redundancy.
Strategy 7: Use cohesive devices effectively.

Cohesive devices unify a paragraph and a whole passage by showing

connections and relationships between classes, sentences and
paragraphs.
Strategy 8: Know the meaning of transitions.
Transitions are also called transitional adverbs, because they modify an
entire sentence or independent clause. That is why, they usually come
at the beginning of a sentence or paragraph.

Strategy 9: Vary transitions, conjunctions, and prepositions, but

avoid confusion.

Adverb = therefore,
dependent conjunction=because
preposition=due to

transitions indicate relationships between separate sentences or

paragraphs, but they don’t connect them grammatically.

Conjunctions join clauses together grammatically into one sentence.

Prepositions join phrases to a sentence.

Unlike a transition, a dependent cojunction CANNOT be used along and
cannot be followed immediately by a comma.

Dependent conjunction = Conjunction + Subject + Verb

A preposition forms a phrase, not a clause:

Preposition + Object = Prepositional phrase.
Therefore, a prepositional phrase cannot be a sentence alone. The
following sentence ends with a prepositional phrase:
A preposition has an essential grammatical function. Unlike a transition,
it cannot be removed from a sentence without creating a grammatical
error.
Strategy 10: Use a variety of sentence structures but also be
concise.

Strategy 10A: Use adjective clauses effectively

An adjective clause is a type of an independent clause, which can not

be a sentence alone. An Adjective clause can modify a noun, phrase, or
whole clause.
Strategy 10B: Avoid unnecessary adjective clauses.

Instead of using adjective clauses, use one-word adjective before the

noun.
When describing the possessions or characteristics of a noun, use a
prepositional phrase (with+object) instead of an adjective clause.

Strategy 11: Write in the active voice.

The difference between the active and the passive voice depends on
the relationship between the subject and the action or state.

It’s a good idea to use the active voice as often as possible. This is true
for both writing and speaking.

In the active voice, the subject performs the actions or experiences the
state of the verb. The actor precedes, or comes before, the active verb
and the verb is immediately followed by any objects:

Active voice: Subject+verb+direct object.

In the passive voice, on the other hand, the subject receives the action
of the verb, and the passive verb is usually not followed by an object
(states cannot be passive)

Intransitive verbs cannot be written in the passive voice.

Strategy 12: Use the passive voice when it is necessary

There are 4 reasons listed below:

Strategy 13: Edit your work.

Leave at least a few minutes to read over your writing at least once
before you submit it.

1st. Establish the habit of reviewing your work within the time limit.

2nd, Organize what kinds of errors you make most often.

Strategy 14: Edit quickly, but don’t skim or read too passively.

Editing,is a search for errors and inconsistency in the structure or use

of the language. Therefore, it is also analytical but more active.

Strategy 15: Edit for specific error, and edit in chunks.

Based on your own knowledge of your writing, choose a set of rules to

apply and analyze your writing for mistakes related to those rules.
Don’t edit the entire passage from beginning to end all at once.
Instead, edit one paragraph at a time.

Strategy 16: Understand some common error well, and focus on

them.

In order to edit successfully for certain error, you need to understand

the grammar rule associated with each error throughly. You can’t edit
well if you have to figure out the rule first and then use it.Therefore,
use your practice time to identify any particular patterns to your
mistakes and learn as much as you can about how to fix them.

The following list identifies some of the most likely errors that you
might find in your writing:

Strategy 16A: Check word form and function.

Strategy 16B: Verify that only actions are in the continuous tense.
Strategy 16C: Make sure all facts are in the present simple, not the
continuous.

The present continuous should be used for actions that are in progress
or happening now. Moreover, you must use the present simple, not the
present continuous, for proven facts in nature or in academic fields.
Proven facts are actions or states that are always true, so they are
expressed in the present simple tense.
Strategy 16D: Ensure that the past simple has known, specified, or
implied time.

Use the past simple when you specify a particular time in the past with
a time, date, prepositional phrase, such as in high school, or clause,
such as when I was young. Also, you can continue to use the past simple
or continuous in a paragraph once you specify the time period.
Strategy 16E: Correct any sentence fragments, or incomplete
sentences.

A complete sentence must have at least one independent subject and

verb. Depending on the sentence, there may be more subjects and
verbs if there is a parallel structure, but one of each is the minimum.

Some complete and correct examples.

Strategy 16F: Look for run-on sentences, or missing conjunctions.

A run-on sentence occurs when a sentence does not have enough

conjunctions or periods. In other words, it is really two or more
sentences that not separated by a period or not connected by one or
more conjunctions. A run-on sentence can be corrected by adding a
period or the appropriate conjunction and punctuation. For instance:
Strategy 16G: Eliminate any unnecessary or extra conjunctions.

Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, yet) can join clauses, and they
can join parallel words and phrases. In fact, the previous sentence is an
excellent example of that. The conjunction and joins the nouns words
and phrases, which are parallel, and it joins the first clause
(coordinating conjunctions…can join clauses) to the second (they can
join parallel words)

Dependent conjunctions (although, what, which) join clauses but now

words. In other words, they do not create parallel structure. They form
dependent clauses: adverb clauses, adjective clauses, or noun clauses.

Overview and general strategies: Independent and integrated.

Organize your ideas, don’t start writing at the moment the test tells
you to start. (You will create panic on you own!)

(2-3 minutes to think what are you going to write)

YOUR WRITING SHOULD SOUND LIKE YOU!

holy grial of good writing.
WRITING STRATEGIES: TASK TYPES (318-343)
Always remember to organize your ideas, vary your word choice and
structure, use the active voice more than the passive, and edit your
work.

Writing Task 1: Reading and Lecture

1st task is integraded=more than just write. This task involves reading,
listening, and writing.

2nd you have three minutes to read an academic passage and take
notes

3rd you listen to an academic lecture on the same topic but with some
variations and differences from the reading.

4th you hear a question that asks you to combine information from both
passages.

(you have 20 minutes to plan, organize, and write a summary of both).

Strategis

Strategy 1: Be familiar with the possible types of arguments and

discussions.

Summary of two passages and a comparison/contrast of them.

Strategy 2: Read actively.

Don’t skim the passage, read actively, learn about the idea, read the
passage very well because you won’t have time to rereading the
passage later.

Strategy 3: Take notes in fragments, symbols, abbreviations, and

acronyms.

Your notes should be individual words, phrases, and symbols, not

complete sentences.
Strategy 4: Be prepared to infer meaning.

Strategy 5: Identify the type of passage.

there are 2 main types of passage: expository and argumentative.

Strategy 6: Identify the main idea and purpose of the passage.

Notice how the author argument or says an opinion, because it tells you
about the purpose of the passage.

Strategy 7: Pay attention to attitude

Author’s attitude, or tone, refers tot he kind of positive or negative

emotions that the author expresses toward the topic.

In a purely expository passage, the author’s tone is usually neutral or

objective since the purpose is just to explain.In an argument, however,
the tone is either positive or negative to varying degrees depending on
the opinion.

Strategy 8: Paraphrase while taking notes.

Strategy 9: Pay attention to any definition and explanation of key
terms.

Strategy 10: Use context clues to understand unfamiliar vocabulary.

Strategy 11: Don’t focus too much on unfamiliar vocabulary.

In order to save time, you must judge whether a detail is key or minor.

Strategy 12: Connect details to the main idea.

Strategy 13: Use the key points from the reading as a guide for the
lecture.
You should focus on the reading, because in the lecture, the speaker
will talk about the main ideas of the reading, and might agree or
disagree with it.

Strategy 14: Listen actively.

Still think about what your hearing. The lecture will no be printed on
the screen. Therefore, you have to concentrate, listen actively, and
take good notes.

Strategy 15: Takes notes in fragments, symbols, abbreviations, and

acronyms.

Don’t try to make a transcript of the lecture. Good notes can remind
you what your hear, but they don’t replace active listening and
memory.

Strategy 16: Be prepared to infer.

Strategy 17: Identify the type of passage.

You should identify if the lecture is expository or argumentative, or a

mixed of the two.

Strategy 18: Identify the main idea and purpose, using attitude as a
clue.

Identify the purpose of the lecture is an art because you must think
how is the lecturer supporting the idea, and the know how tells you the
author’s purpose.

Strategy 19: Pay attention to the specific degree of contrast or

contradiction.

Sometimes you assume that the if the passage is argumentative, the

next one is a contradiction, but it doesn’t work like that. There are
differences. Therefore, for argumentative passages, don’t assume that
the lecture completely contradicts the opinion in the reading. Likewise,
if the passages are expository, don’t assume that the lectures examples
and descriptions are entirely different from those in the reading.

Strategy 20: Paraphrase while taking notes.

Strategy 21: Listen for any new or altered definitions, descriptions,

or explanations.

If you read the first passage carefully and closely, you can use those
terms and concepts to understand what you hear in the lecture.
Although, the lecture might have new definitions, these don’t vary
widely from the passage.

Strategy 22: Use context clues to understand unfamiliar vocabulary.

You must use the surrounding sentences to understand any words or

connects that you don’t recognize.
Strategy 23: Connect details to the main idea.

Key points and details shouldn’t be mentioned in insolation. They must

be always be connected rhetorically to the main idea.

Strategy 24: Pay close attention to the essay question, or prompt.

Strategy 25: Organize your summary as a comparison.

You must emphasize similarities and differences, or contradictions and

reinforcements, in your essay. Since your essay must be comparative
regardless of the exact wording of the prompt, choose one of the
following two combative outlines block format or point-by-point
format.
Strategy 26: Paraphrase the main ideas and key points; don’t quote.

Include in your summary the key points and the main ideas of the
passage and the lecture. To paraphrase means to restate another
person’s word in your own. This usually involves changing the word and
sentence structure of a speaker or writer.

Paraphrasing involves change the vocabulary, voice, and structure of a

sentence or serious of sentences.

Synonyms
The summary above contains a problem because is as long as the
original.

Voice

Voice refers to the use of active and passive voice. (only transitive
verbs can be passive)

Part of speech and Sentence Structure

Part of speech, or word form, refers tot he type of word or phrase, such
as a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, infinitive, gerund, and conjunction.
When you change a word’s part of speech, such as changing the verb
OWE to the noun DEBT , you also have to alter the sentence structure
to match the new word form.
Strategy 27: Use the present tense to refer to the passages.

When you refer to the statements and arguments of the speaker and
writer, you may use the present tense. This is common for summaries
and criticisms of text, such as books, and articles, as well as movies
and plays. As long as you are referring to the text, not the actions of
the actual writer or speaker, you can use the present tense.
The 1st sentence refers to the author’s opinion, so the present tense is
used, even thought the book was written in the past. The second
discusses the actions of the author. Because those actions ocurred in
the past, the past tense is required.

Strategy 28: Use comparative and contrasting language effectively.

As always, you must pay attention to the phrase and clause structure of
your sentences. Notice the use of commas, periods, and
dependent/independent clauses in the following:
Strategy 29: Identify the source of the ideas, but don’t over-identify
It is important to state whether the idea comes from the reading or the
lecture. Use the following expressions:

Strategy 30: Write a brief introduction and conclusion; focus on the

body.

Don’t waste time thinking in an introduction or conclusion for the essay.

Focus attention on identifying the key points in both passages,
understanding the relationship between them, and expressing that in
your own words.

Strategy 31: Don’t state your personal opinion or preference.

The first writing task is a summary and comparison, not a personal

opinion. you can comment about the tone of the lecture or passage,
but don’t give an opinion.

Question Forms
OVERVIEW

How reading and lecture works.

Leave your headphones on, because you will here a lecture.

The passage re appears.

You have to summarize what is in the passage.

Strategy 1.

they are connected on the same topic.

The lecture could give an specific example, or could agree with the
passage or present exceptions, maybe could reject totally the passage
you read before.

The most important tip is to read the passage actively.

Don’t focus in all facts!!! Think about what’s she/he doing during the
task.

Remember, the passage will come back!

Keep thinking what the author is doing, then you will take from the
passage what the author will purpose during the lecture.

How to read the passage actively?

Inferences: what is the author try to communicate but it’s no saying

directly.
If you don’t know a word, use the context.

You don’t have to know the words deeply.

Try to get the gist of the passage.

Concentrate!! make mental pictures of what you are hearing.

Don’t take all notes! Use it fragmented sentences.

The speaker will take a type a approach to the lecture.
Listen for perpendicular lines lecture.

Makes your ideas informal, write in your own words.

Be aware of a definition, be ready for compare those definitions.

Details are for example, for instance, or any kind of specific fact of the
idea.

Look in the prompt any clues that you will need for your passage.
Organize your summary as a comparison between the lecture and the
passage. BLOCK FORMAT

1st paragraph should talk about both: topic/issues they have in

common

2nd paragraph should focus on the lecture. (main ideas)

3rd paragraph should focus on the reading passage.

4th Closing paragraph, summarize similarities and differences as your

ending.
Don’t waste too much time in the introduction.

Conclusion paragraph sums up what you said in the body paragraphs.

Don’t throw in your own opinions!!!

Writing Task 2: Independent Essay Expository/Persuasive.

This second essay is independent, which means that you don’t have to
read or listen to an academic passage before you write. You must read
a short essay question that gives you the basic main topic, and you
must express and defend an opinion or preferences based entirely on
your own personal experience and knowledge.

Strategies

Strategy 1: Be familiar with basic essay organization.

Strategy 2: Understand the difference between an opinion and a
preference.

Opinion: Objective, logical, support.

Preference: Could be objective or subjective.

An opinion is a position for or against a plan, action, or argument. The

reasons are objective because they are not based on the likes or
dislikes of the writers. Since they are logical, the reasons could be
accepted and repeated by a wide range of people.
A preference is a choice based on a writer’s taste (likes and dislikes) or
personality. The reasons are subjective because they are based on what
the writer likes or the writer’s personality.

The important difference is that an opinion must be defended with

mostly objective reasons. When you prefer one choice over another
one, you aren’t expected to convince, or persuade, someone else that
your preference is better or more logical.

Strategy 3: Be familiar with the conditional

The conditional refers to the use of If, unless, when, or as long as, in
sentences where one idea is based on another one. If A, then B. For
example:

If I were the leader of my country, I would improve transportation and

education.
Strategy 4: Be familiar with modals.

Modals, such as May, or Should, are an important part of many

expressions and statements, especially the conditional. They are useful
to defend arguments and explain preferences. A modal is a type of
auxiliary verb, or helping verb.

The basic structure is the following:

Subject + modal + base form (base form = an infinitive form minus to)
A modal is added to the base forms above to form a verb. The
modals might and may both mean possibility. They express indecision or
uncertainty about present, future, or past actions or states. Based on
the examples in the chart above, they could be added to those base
forms to form the following verbs. Pay special attention to the different
time references:
Strategy 5: Know the correct grammar for the verb prefer.
The first grammar point to realize is that the verb prefer is transitive,
which means that it must be followed by a direct object. An object of a
verb could be a noun, gerund, or infinitive, so the options are the
following:
Strategy 6: Decide if the question asks for an opinion or a
preference.
Strategy7: Read the question carefully, pay attention to all parts of
the question.

Don’t start writing once you read the prompt. Instead, read the
question carefully and slowly, and think about it briefly.
Strategy 8: Distinguish between real and imaginary topics.
Strategy 9: Generate ideas for both sides of the discussion or
argument.

After you read the question carefully, make two columns on your scrap
piece of paper, and list all the ideas you can think of forth sides of the
topic.

Strategy 10: Think of organization right away, especially for

comparison essays.

Paragraph = Must have a unique and clear topic that is expressed in the
topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph.

Essay = Paragraph_1(topic sentence_1)+ Paragraph_2(+ topic

sentence_2 )+…Paragraph_n(topic sentence_n)

If you create a random list of ideas right away, then you have
to identify topics soon afterward. You can save time if you think of
the paragraph topics as you generate your ideas.

Your ideas need to be focused on a main idea = your supporting points

shouldn’t be too scattered or disconnected. Therefore, avoid including
good points and bad points in your essay that don’t relate to your
opinion or preference. Part of the purpose of the essay is to test how
well you organize ideas to support your thesis.
Strategy 11: Choose the opinion or option with the best support.

Base your decision about an argument or preference on the quantity

and quality of your ideas. It doesn’t matter whether you support or
oppose an idea, and it doesn’t matter with choice you prefer. However,
it does matter how well you support your opinion or preference.
Therefore, you should choose the best reasons for your essay.

Strategy 12: Organize your notes into supporting points and details.

Strategy 13: Write your thesis on note paper or the screen right
away.

Make sure your thesis statement does all the following:

Strategy 14: Paraphrase the question in your thesis.

The question gives you the main topic, and your preference or opinion
adds the main idea to the essay. However, you shouldn’t copy the
question exactly.

Strategy 15: Distinguish between facts and opinion in arguments.

A That-noun clause is a common structure:

subject+verb+that+subject+verb

The writer states that the sky is blue due to the absorption of light in
the atmosphere. (Scientific Fact)
I think that government censorship is wrong. (Opinion)

A Scientific fact is non debatible because it has data and research

information.
An opinion may have explanation, but little or no proof, and an opinion
is debatable.

Strategy 16: State a clear argument or a definite preference.

Choose one side without any doubt or indecision.

Strategy 17: Write a complete but brief introduction.

A good introductory paragraph should include the following four parts:

List these ideas in the same order that you will present them in the
body.
example:

Strategy 18: Don’t focus on the hook too much.

Don’t waster your time if you can’t think in something original or

inventive.

Strategy 19: Support each topic sentence with concrete detail.

These details may include statistics, data, logical explanation, or

personal anecdotes.
Include details that a reader can picture, or imagine in their minds.
Similes and metaphors are useful when you can’t think of a specific
words, and examples are an excellent way to make description more
concrete.
example of an elderly home:
Strategy 20: Refute the opposing argument in the body of your
essay.

To refute an idea means to prove that the idea is wrong and to specify
how it is wrong. Although a good refutation strengthens an argument,
you should only add one to your essay if you are confident in your
language ability and certain about your reasoning.

If your question includes comparative language, such as compare,

better, or more beneficial, then don’t worry about a refutation. For an
argument essay that doesn’t require you to compare anything, you
should spend most of the essay supporting your thesis and opinion. For
example, the following argumentative essay involves no comparison:

In that argument, you don’t need to compare two choices or options,

Therefore, you can use all of the essay to support your opinion. In other
words, each body paragraph presents one supporting point that defends
your opinion. An essay without refutation might look like the following:
Notice that each body paragraph supports the thesis with one key
point. If you only discuss reasons that you are right, your argument will
be weaker than the argument of someone who also explains why the
other side is wrong.
One you state one reason that other people support the opposite view,
identify a factual or logical problem with the opinion.Your refutation is
your explanation of this problem.
Although each method is discussed separately below, most refutations
include a mix of at least two of the following methods:
Strategy 21: Relate all supporting points and details to your main
idea.

Details=examples, descriptions,explanations, etc.

Supporting point=the topic of your body paragraphs

All your supporting points should relate to your main idea.

You should focus all your statements to support your thesis in someway.
Even the refutation paragraph, still supports the thesis. A refutation
shows a weakness or error in the opposite argument, and
this strengthens the argument expressed in the thesis.

Strategy 22: Remember to conclude your essay effectively.

It is important that your conclusion leaves the reader with a clear

understanding of both the message conveyed by your essay (your main
idea) and its relevance or importance.

Conclude: To make a decision after a reasoned consideration of the

facts. In other words, your conclusion should emphasize the message or
lesson that logically proceeds from the facts and arguments in the body
of your essay.

Strategy 23: Don’t forget to edit.

Question forms

OVERVIEW-> Writing: independent essay

it’s all about your opinion, and how you defend it.

1. Read the prompt

2. 30 minutes to write, support it with evidence, examples
3. Use evidence from your knowledge.

Quality: develop your idea and how well are organized to the ideas,
grammatically and stylistic correct.
You pick one of the two and you argue basic on your knowledge.
compare

Use specific details from your live to support it.

Strategy 1: BIG PICTURE!!!

HOOK THE READER!!! throw some kind of interesting introduction,

THESIS STATEMNT

BODY PAGRAPHRAH=SUPPORTING THESIS

CONCLUSION

basic stylistic issues!!

Recognize the differnce between opinion or preference.

OPINON: For or against, your reasons should be logical and objective.

(Your personal views don’t really matter)

PREFERENCE: Subjective!!!

Two types of conditional statements!!

could be real or unreal (contrary to facts)

Try to have the conditional laws under control before you start writing.
Study Modals!!!

Use of parallel form to express a preference

e.x: I prefer dancing to sleeping.
I prefer X to Y

You could be ask for your opinion!

Or you could be ask for your preference.

Real or imaginary?

Modals! like should, could, would, make it better in an imaginary deal.

Think in pros and cons about the topic, make it in two columns.

Don’t just argue for my position, argue against the opposing position
makes it interesting.
Organize the position of the topics, the hooks, introduction.

Brainstorming, make a list. the pros and cons, with positive and
negative ideas.

Choose a side, don’t be halfhearted.

Turn your notes into paragraphs.

As soon as possible, jot down, (write) your thesis statement, where you
stand? early on.

Thesis statement does two things:

 1. It tells the reader what the topic is
2. Announce your believe, your stands.

Paraphrase the prompt question in your introduction!

They sum up the prompt question in the student words.

Don’t agree or disagree in terms of facts, you agree or disagree in term

of opinions. example:
Don’t give a view of the back-and-forth thinking.

Take a strong position.

Excellent introduction.

Hook, background information, thesis statement and forecast of what

you will discuss in your essay.

example:

Hook: rhetorical question that hooks the reader.

Thesis: strong stand.
forecast: what is she going to tell us in paragraph two, what is good for
family and good for society.
Hook: don’t waste time, use a rhetorical question (the ones that
doesn’t demand an answer, or doesn’t need to be respond.

Or
.
.
.

General suggestion/proposition
Advice for writing your essay.

Good paragraph:

Topic sentence.
details supporting the topic sentence.

details describe, define, explain or exemplify

Refute the opposing side by late on the third paragraph. It just gets
confusing

Don’t bring any outside weird details.

Start the last paragraph with a transition phrase.

Good transition phrases: For all the reasons, [sum up in other words the
thesis statement and forecast], is simple and could be a two sentences
long.

It will be fine if you finish your conclusion with wise words.

Take one or two minutes for editing.

IMPROVE-YOUR-SCORE STRATEGIES

Strategy 1: Practice typing.

Strategy 2: Write everyday.

If you want to improve noticeably and reasonably fast, you need to
practice daily. This is true for all skills: reading, listening, speaking,
and writing. This doesn’t have to involves full length essays all the
times. You could record journals, some thoughts, and maybe some
quotes from friends or even strangers.

Strategy 3: Read and listen widely and often.

Reading and listening: Passive activities

Speaking and writing: Active activities

Strategy 4: Summarize short pieces of writing frequently.

Use English newspapers, magazines, textbooks, and even your own

essays.

You don’t have to summarize entire passages all time. Just as you don’t
have to write wholes essays all the time. Review the vocabulary
thoroughly and research synonyms.

Strategy 6: Fill gaps in your background knowledge.

Focus on areas about which you know little or nothing.

Arts, biology and chemistry.

Strategy 7: Practice changing clauses to phrases and then back to

new clauses.

Strategy 8: Learn more verbs, and study their related forms.

Read newspaper, articles on the internet, get the habit.

Debates people on debates, how they express themselves, sunday chat

shows, are really good.

Still take the time to create complete sentences, and figure out where
you get wrong and improve!
The week before the test day

Take your final practice test: Take it at the same time of date of the
actual test, beforehand, no snacks during the test, except during the
break.
Take it on unfamiliar computer, outside of home.

Take your self a week off before the week of your test day. Learn from
this final test and save time to review.

Focus on your strengths: built that confidence.

Review your kaplan strategies

Taper off before test day. decrease your study…before test day.

Visit the test center.

Select score recipients before testing.

On test day

Get a good nigh sleep two nights before the test day. (avoid sugar)

Get prepared ahead of time:the day before, healthy snack, no coffee,

water, avoid sugar, not milk.

The four set-your-mind-at-ease questions

Where’s the bathroom?

How do i know when to come back from the real?

What do i do if there is a tech glitch or huge distraction?

what do i do if i need more scratch materials?

Registration information, is a normal part of the test process.

Take the TOELF:

Take your break to relax and focus.

If you are stress, keep away your face from the screen, and see
something else.

Give your self a huge gift!!!!