MahaBharata-Sanskrit[Team Nanban][TPB]

About Veda Vyasa:

Vyasa is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions.

He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa ,

(the one who classified the Vedas in to four parts)
or Krishna Dvaipayana (referring to his complexion and birthplace).

He is the author as well as a character in the Mahabharata and

considered to be the scribe of both the Vedas, and the supplementary texts
such as
the Puranas.

A number of Vaishnava traditions regard him as an Avatar of Vishnu.

Vyasa is sometimes conflated by some Vaishnavas with Badarayana,

the author of the Vedanta Sutras. Vyasa is also considered to be one of the
seven Chiranjivins (long lived, or immortals), who are still in existence
according to
general Hindu belief.

The festival of Guru Purnima, is dedicated to him, and also known as Vyasa
Purnima
as it is the day, which is believed to be his birthday and also the day he
divided
the Vedas.
SHORT DESCRIPTION ON MahaBharata:

The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India,
the other being the Ramayana.

The epic is part of itihasa.

Besides its epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the
Kauravas and
the Pandavas, the Mahabharata contains much philosophical and
devotional material,
such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas (12.161).

The latter are enumerated as dharma (right action), artha (purpose), kama
(pleasure),
and moksha (liberation).

Among the principal works and stories that are a part of the Mahabharata
are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of
the Ramayana,
and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right.

Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa.

There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and
compositional layers.

The oldest preserved parts of the text are not thought to be appreciably
older than
around 400 BCE, though the origins of the story probably fall between the
8th and 9th centuries BCE.
The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (ca.
fourth century CE).
The title may be translated as "the great tale of the Bharata dynasty".
According to the Mahabharata itself, the tale is extended from a shorter
version of
24,000 verses called simply Bharata.

The mahabharata in its longest version consists of over 100000 shloka or

over 200000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet ), long prose
passages,
or about 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is roughly ten times the
length of
the Iliad and Odyssey combined, or about four times the length of the
Ramayana.

W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahabharata to world

civilization to
that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek
drama,
and the Quran.
The 18 parvas of Mahabharata
The division into 18 parvas is as follows:

sub-
Parva title contents
parvas

How the Mahabharata came to be narrated by Sauti to the

Adi Parva (The Book of
1 1–19
the Beginning)
assembled rishis at Naimisharanya. The recital of the
Mahabharata at the sarpasattra of Janamejaya by



Vaishampayana at . The history of the Bharata race is
told in detail and the parva also traces history of the Bhrigu race.
The birth and early life of the Kuru princes. (adi means first)

Maya Danava erects the palace and court (sabha),

Sabha Parva (The Book
2 20–28 at Indraprastha. Life at the court, Yudhishthira's Rajasuya Yajna,
of the Assembly Hall)
the game of dice, and the eventual exile of the Pandavas.

Vana Parva also

Aranyaka-parva,
3 29–44 The twelve years of exile in the forest (aranya).
Aranya-parva (The
Book of the Forest)

Virata Parva (The Book

4 45–48 The year in incognito spent at the court of Virata.
of Virata)

Preparations for war and efforts to bring about peace between

Udyoga Parva (The
5 49–59 the Kurus and the Pandavas which eventually fail
Book of the Effort)
(udyoga means effort or work).

Bhishma Parva (The The first part of the great battle, with Bhishma as commander for
6 60–64
Book of Bhishma) the Kauravas and his fall on the bed of arrows.

The battle continues, with Drona as commander. This is the

Drona Parva (The Book
7 65–72 major book of the war. Most of the great warriors on both sides
of Drona)
are dead by the end of this book.
 Karna Parva (The Book
8 73 The battle again, with Karna as commander.
of Karna)

The last day of the battle, with Shalya as commander. Also told
in detail is the pilgrimage of Balarama to the fords of the river
Shalya Parva (The
9 74–77 Saraswati and the mace fight between Bhima and Duryodhana
Book of Shalya)
which ends the war, since Bhima kills Duryodhana by smashing
him on the thighs with a mace.

Sauptika Parva (The Ashvattama, Kripa and Kritavarma kill the remaining Pandava
10 Book of the Sleeping 78–80 army in their sleep. Only 7 warriors remain on the Pandava side
Warriors) and 3 on the Kaurava side.

Stri Parva (The Book of Gandhari, Kunti and the women (stri) of the Kurus and Pandavas
11 81–85
the Women) lament the dead.

The crowning of Yudhisthira as king of Hastinapura, and

Shanti Parva (The Book instructions from Bhishma for the newly anointed king on society,
12 86–88
of Peace) economics and politics. This is the longest book of the
Mahabharata (shanti means peace).

Anushasana Parva(The
13 Book of the 89–90 The final instructions (anushasana) from Bhishma.
Instructions)

Ashvamedhika The royal ceremony of the Ashvamedha (Horse sacrifice)

14 Parva(The Book of the 91–92 conducted by Yudhisthira. The world conquest by Arjuna. The
Horse Sacrifice) Anugita is told by Krishna to Arjuna.

The eventual deaths of Dhritarashtra, Gandhari and Kunti in a

Ashramavasika
forest fire when they are living in a hermitage in the Himalayas.
15 Parva (The Book of the 93–95
Vidura predeceases them and Sanjaya on Dhritarashtra's
Hermitage)
bidding goes to live in the higher Himalayas.
 Mausala Parva (The The infighting between the Yadavas with maces (mausala) and
16 96
Book of the Clubs) the eventual destruction of the Yadavas.

Mahaprasthanika The great journey of Yudhisthira and his brothers across the
17 Parva (The Book of the 97 whole country and finally their ascent of the great Himalayas
Great Journey) where each Pandava falls except for Yudhisthira.

Svargarohana
Yudhisthira's final test and the return of the Pandavas to the
18 Parva(The Book of the 98
spiritual world (svarga).
Ascent to Heaven)

Harivamsa Parva(The
99– Life of Krishna which is not covered in the 18 parvas of the
khila Book of the Genealogy
100 Mahabharata.
of Hari)

Sources: Wikipedia.

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