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Tension Member - LRFD PDF
Tension Member - LRFD PDF
LRFD
φ
Design Strength, t Pn of tension member shall be lower value obtained based on the
following limit states of
φt Pn = φt Fy Ag
Where
Resistance factor, φ t = 0.90
Yield Stress = Fy (ksi)
Gross area of the member = Ag (in2)
φt Pn = φt Fu Ae
Where
Resistance factor, φ t = 0.75
Tensile strength = Fu (ksi)
Effective net area = Ae (in2)
Ae = U x An
U = 1 – [ x / L]
Where
L = Length of the connection (in)
x = distance from the attached face to the member centroid
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 1 of 9
Example 1:
(a) Determine the tension design strength (LRFD) of gusset plate and an angle
connection. Use A36 Steel.
(b) The applied tension loads are 30 kips dead load (D) and 40 kips live load (L).
Determine whether the connection is adequate considering tension only.
1.5” 3” 3”
L4x4x1/2
x=1.18 in.
Ag = 3.75 in2
An= Ag – (Bolt Dia + 1/8”)(Angle thickness) = 3.75 – (3/4 + 1/8)(1/2) = 3.31 in2
U = 1 – (1.18/6) = 0.8
Ae = 0.8 (3.31) = 2.65 in2
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 2 of 9
For the limit state of yielding, Design tensile strength,
φt Pn = φt Fy Ag
= (0.9) (36)(3.75) = 121.5 kips
φt Pn = φt Fu Ae
= (0.75)(58)(2.65) = 116 kips (Controls)
Therefore, limit state of rupture controls, and design tensile strength = 116 kips
Pu = 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 (30) +1.6 (40) = 100 kips <116 kips OK
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 3 of 9
BLOCK SHEAR
Where
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 4 of 9
Example 2: Determine the design block shear strength of the
gusset plate.
Given:
Gusset plate thickness = ½”; A36 steel
Bolts dia= 7/8”.
6”
3” 3” 2”
SHEAR SHEAR
SHEAR SHEAR
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 5 of 9
Design Block Shear Strength = φ Rn where φ=0.75
Where
Agv = gross area in shear = 2(3+3+2)(0.5) = 8 sq.in
Anv = net area in shear = 2(8 – 2.5(7/8+1/8))(0.5) = 5.5 sq.in
Ant = net area in tension = (6 – (7/8 +1/8))(0.5) = 2.5 sq.in
Ubs = 1.0 for uniform tension stress.
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 6 of 9
Example 3: Splice Plate A
3” 3” 2”
2”
4”
2”
Wide Flange W
Section
Splice Plate A
Given:
Wide Flange W Section : W14 X43 A992
Splice Plate A : ½” Thick
Bolts : 7/8” dia.
LRFD available strength of a group of six bolts is 211 kips.
Note: The Splice plates will be selected so that they do not limit the member strength.
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 7 of 9
Determine the design strength of the splice between two W-shapes.
Solution:
Ag = 12.6 sq. in
tf = 0.53 in
φt Pn = φt Fy Ag
= (0.9) (50)(12.6) = 567 kips
2. Net Area
U = 1 – (1.31/6) = 0.782
φt Pn = φt Fu Ae
= (0.75)(65 ksi)(8.925) = 435 kips
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 8 of 9
5. Block Shear strength of the flanges
Where
Agv = gross area in shear = 4(3+3+2)(0.53) = 16.96 sq.in
Anv = net area in shear = 16.96 – 4[2.5(7/8+1/8)(0.53)] = 16.96 –
5.3 = 11.66 sq.in
Ant = net area in tension = 4 [2 – 0.5(7/8 +1/8)](0.53) = 3.18 sq.in
Ubs = 1.0 for uniform tension stress.
Dr. M.E. Haque, P.E. (LRFD: Tension Member – Bolt Connections) Page 9 of 9