 Karen is rich; ___, her cousin Kate is poor.

a. therefore b. however c. otherwise

 You'd better take a taxi. ___, you'll arrive late.

a. Consequently b. Furthermore c. Otherwise

 I enjoy reading this new magazine. ___, it has good articles.

a. Moreover b. Nevertheless c. However

 Jack wasn't tired. ___, he took a nap.

a. Otherwise b. Hence c. Nevertheless

 Phil was not thirsty; ___, he drank five glasses of water.

a. however b. moreover c. furthermore

 The kids didn't study. ___, they failed the course.

a. Therefore b. Nonetheless c. Otherwise

 The weather was terrible. ___, we decided to delay our trip.

a. Furthermore b. Besides c. Therefore

 You must buy the tickets; ___, we won't be able to see that play.
a. otherwise b. although c. besides

 The neighborhood isn't very interesting. I like the house, ___.

a. moreover b. thus c. though

 We live in the same building; ___, we hardly see each other.

a. however b. therefore c. furthermore

 He didn't earn enough money. ___, his wife decided to get a job.
b. Therefore c. Although

 That house isn't big enough for us, and ___, it's too expensive.
a. furthermore b. hence c. although

 We have plenty of money and workers; ___, we hope to finish the house remodeling soon.
a. nevertheless b. unless c. thus

 She's extremely rich; ___, she's not snobbish.

a. hence b. however c. otherwise

 It was a windy and rainy night. ___, I decided to go out.

a. nevertheless b. otherwise c. so

X. Synthesis - Directions: Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete each
sentence.
1.) Emily fell asleep _____ her head hit the pillow.
a. as a result of c. as well as b. although d. as soon as

2.) Sharon’s job is so easy that _____ a child could do it.

a. even though c. even if b. even so d. even

3.) The children had ____ a good time at the park that they didn’t want to come home.
a. such c. so much b. so d. so many

4.) The meeting will take place at 3:00 p.m. on Friday, _____ everyone can attend.
a. provided that c. in case b. unless d. even if

5.) It’s possible to take a vacation on a budget; _____, your can go camping.
a. on the contrary c. for instance b. otherwise d. finally

6.) There are _____ people at the festival that I don’t think we’ll be able to find Paul.
a. so that c. so many b. so d. so much

1.) I can’t afford to eat at that restaurant, _____.

a. neither can youc. nor can you b. neither you can d. nor you can

2.) Fred gets good grades at school; _____, he lacks some basic skills.
a. moreover c. as a result b. however d. in conclusion

3.) Having passed all his exams with top scores, ______.
a. Cecil was admitted to several colleges c. several colleges admitted Cecil
b. several colleges to admit Cecil d- Cecil admitting to several colleges.

10.)_______ so many people contributed so much to our cause.

a.) never havec. neither have b. have never d. nor have

11.) Do not open your test booklet until _____ to do so.

a. you tell c. told b. having told d. telling

12.) _____ the novel, Sandra began to write the book review.
a. to finish c. have finished b. by finishing d. having finished

13.) _____ the language, Peter had to rely on an interpreter.

a. His not speaking c. By not speaking b. Not having spoken d. Not
speaking

14.) Paul has had trouble losing weight, _____ he has been dieting and exercising.
a. almost c. at all b. although d. as a matter of
fact

15.) _____ by his teachers and classmates, Mark decided to enter the speech contest.
a. Encouraging c. Having encouraged b. Encouraged d. If
encouraged

16.) Be sure to apply plenty of sunblock before _____ out in the sun.
a. going c. you going b. your going d. having gone

XI. Synthesis (part 2) - Directions: Each sentence has four underlined parts or phrases. Spot
the error.
1.) a. Having b. finish college, Helen decided that she c. definitely wanted to travel, d. even if
it meant turning down some good job offers.
2.) a. After b. completed this exam, you may leave the room; c. however, you must be quiet
d. so that you do not disturb the other students.

3.) a. Little did b. Henry realized that Pam was in love with him; c. even if he had known, she
d. certainly wouldn’t have divorced Cindy.

4.) a. As soon as Alice got home, she turned on her computer b. checking her email, c. even
though she was d. really tired.

5.) a. Locked in the bathroom, Sarah began to scream b. so loudly that c. almost everybody
came running d. even though her brother, who had been sleeping.

6.) a. Having b. already c. seeing all the movies that were playing, we decided to just d. just
stay home.

7.) a. You may play outside b. provided that you’ve finished your homework; c. only I ask
that you come back in d. as soon as it gets dark.

1.) You can fool a. almost all of the people some of the time, b. but you can’t fool c. all of the
people d. at all of the time.

2.) a. Seldom b. I have been c. so d. deeply impressed with a performance.

10.) a. If you’ve stopped coming to class, you b. definitely have to withdraw from the course
c. officially; d. or you’ll receive an F on your transcript.

11.) a. Reflected economic conditions as well as social attitudes, the immigration laws
continue b. to change in order c. to admit certain people and d. refuse entry to others.

12.) a. Because Finland is part of Scandinavia, b. its language is, c. in fact, not at all d. like
that of the other Scandinavian countries.

13.) Just when the city a. had finished b. rebuilding from a c. devastating hurricane of three
years earlier, d. come along another hurricane that created further damage.

14.) a. When first stepped on the moon, Neil Armstrong b. spoke to the entire world c. by
television satellite and said that the event d. was a great leap forward for humankind.

15) a. Having begun his career b. as a journalist in Italy, Federico Fellini became a renowned
film director and writer, c. and winning several prestigious awards for his d. works.

16.) Not only a. the number of mahogany trees has decreased markedly during the last
decade, but other valuable trees b. are becoming c. scarcer and scarcer d. as well.

17.) Cellular phones are now a. such convenient that a business person can and b. often
does save valuable office time c. by efficiently d. making telephone calls.

18.) a. Few children, b. fortunately, get diseases like polio, scarlet fever, and whooping
cough c. anymore d. because of immunization programs are widespread.