?

 
   
—
   
 

a
 
  |

 V
V



a
 
  |

 V
V



 
 
  

§ a §   

§   § !

§ 
  § &

§ !"#
 § ! 
$

§ %

 

a
 
  |

 a


a
 
  |

 a  
a 
 


 *
+

a
 

 a
  
§   § Ô

§  § a

§ ' § a

§ a  § ( ) 

§ &

a
 
  |

 ½ 
a  

§Ô  

"Ôaa$

§  "Ô  $

§

§,

a
 
  |

 a  

Longitudinal parent metal crack Transverse weld metal crack

Longitudinal weld metal crack Lamellar tearing

a
 
  |

 Transverse crack Longitudinal crack
a
 
  |


 

a
 
  |

 ¦ a 

¦

      

Gas pore Cluster porosity

§   

§ 
 

§ a  
Blow hole
Herringbone porosity §  

§  -

§ !  


§   
?oot piping
a
 
  |

 ¦ a 


Porosity

?oot piping
a
 
  |

 Cluster porosity Herringbone porosity
a
 
  |

 p

p
  

 

 
  

  

§   
-
§ ! % %

 
 
plag inclusions Lack of sidewall  
fusion with
associated slag
§ 
.
§ / 



   %
Parallel slag lines Lack of interun
fusion + slag ! %
 
a
 
  |

 Interpass slag inclusions Dlongated slag lines
a
 
  |

 !
  

a
 
  |

 !  V


§& 
§   

 
Incomplete filled groove
+ Lack of sidewall fusion §  
§  

0 

§  

1. Lack of sidewall fusion §  #
2. Lack of inter-run fusion

a
 
  |

 ÿ
 
ë
 
 

 
 


   

 



   

§ a  

§  


§  .

§ a  

a
 
  |

 ÿ
 

Toe Overlap
Butt weld

Toe Overlap
Fillet weld

a
 
  |






§   
0 

§ , 

§ , %

Incomplete root fusion
§ ( 


§  1  

§ a  
Incomplete root penetration
§  

a
 
  |






Lack of root fusion Lack of root Penetration

a
 
  |

 Lack of root penetration Lack of root fusion
a
 
  |

 p 
   

a
 
  |


½ 




Incomplete filled groove Poor cap profile

½


 

 


  
  



  
  

  


 
   

 
  D cessive cap height

a
 
  |

D cess cap reinforcement Incomplete filled groove
a
 
  |


½ 




Poor stop/starts

a
 
  |

 |
 

a
 
  |

 |
 





ppatter § 1-

§ 
 

§ a  

§  

! %

 

§  

a
 
  |

 |
 





§  
 


§ (  

§ &  

§ & 


ërc strike

a
 
  |

 a 


ë





  
 





§ 1-
0 

§ 1-


§   

§ 1-

§  .

§ 1  

a
 
  |

 a 



Intermittent Cap Undercut

a
 
  |

 ?oot undercut Cap undercut
aa
 
2 

 
  |






ë


 

  



 

 


§ 

 


§  


   


phrinkage groove § & .

a
 
  |





ë


 

 
 

§ ,  

§ , 
 

§ 1-


 %
Concave root § 1- 
 

  
 


a
 
  |






Concave ?oot

a
 
  |






? 

 





 
 
 

§ ,  

§ , 
 

§ 1-
0 

D cessive root penetration §  


a
 
  |






D cessive root
penetration

a
 
  |

 Concave root D cess root penetration
aa
 
2 

 
  |






ë 

    



 
 
 



§ Ô 
0 

§ , 

§ , %

§   

Burn through

a
 
  |





Burn Through

a
 
  |

 ÿ 
a 

§   



§ !    




§ &
 *
  

a
 
  |

 a 
½

Weld crater

Crater pipe

a
 
  |

 a 
½

a





 
 

 





 


 



Crater cracks §  

(ptar cracks)
§  -) 
 . 
  

§ a  
Crater pipe

a
 
  |

 |

 



a
 
  |

 |
    

!

 +
3

§ %

§ Ô

§ a

§ a



§ ' " $

§ 4  




a
 
  |

 |
    

a

!

!0%!

a
 
  |

 p



p

a
 
  |

 

!
!


   

5 34. 


 * 
 +

a
 
  |

 p



 

p



  

 
+

&0

!
"Ô# $




!

a
 
  |

 p



 

p


Linear Misalignment
a
 
  |

 p



 

p


Linear Misalignment

a
 
  |

 ë
 

a
 
  |

 ‰


— 
647+ %     

64
+ %    - 

  #8

642+ %*  

!! 
 
  

64+ %
    

 

649+   

+    +   
 
+  
 + a  
a
 
  |

 |
 




Course notes section references 6

a
 
  |

 | 
 

  
 3

§ )0 

§ a  

§ 
0
 

    


   


a
 
  |

 | 
 

Parent material defects include:
! 

 

 
!

  

 
  
 





 

  

p 
 !
 
  
   
 
  









!

 



  
 
 

  


a
 
  |

 | 
 


Plate Lamination

a
 
  |



  

aa
 
 

 
  Course notes section references 16 |
|





  

 


§  )  


§ , 

  


§  
# 5

a
 
  |



  
§ 
 
 
  
- 
§ ,
  

 

 
  
§ 
 

 


§ 
   
  

 
   : 
 
 

a
 
  |



  

  
   
  +    

§ %
§ a


§ !
§ (
§ /-#% 
§  

a
 
  |

 ë
 

a
 
  |