Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Level Material

Contained within the GCE 'A' Level subject matter of this disc is the core material for
'AS' Level. The required topics are listed below on a section by section basis.

Formulae, Equations, Measuring Substances: Empirical and molecular formulae.

Balanced chemical equations. Avogadro's constant and amounts of substances.
Relative atomic mass. Calculations. Mole concentrations. Volumes of gases.
Simple acid-base titrations.

Atomic Structure: Electrons, neutrons, protons. Ionisation. Isotopes. Relative

isotopic mass. Relative atomic mass and relative abundance of isotopes. Electronic
configuration of atoms (up to z=36). Main energy levels and s, p and d atomic
orbitals. Grouping of elements into s, p and d blocks.

Bonding and Molecular Structure: States of matter. Atoms, molecules, ions. Ionic
bonding. Covalent bonding. Giant covalent, simple molecular, ionic and metallic
structures. Electronegativity. Intermolecular forces. Permanent and induced
dipole interaction. Hydrogen bonding. Shapes of molecules and ions.

Energetics: Enthalpy change. Standard enthalpy changes of reaction, formation

and combustion. Average bond enthalpies. Hess' law.

Kinetics: Collision theory. Activation energy. Rate of reaction. Effects of

temperature. Effects of catalysts.

Equilibria: Dynamic nature of equilibria.

Redox: Oxidation states.

Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table: Organisation of elements within

periodic table (Periodicity). Group II (s-block) and Group VII (p-block) trends.
Trends of properties and reactions across Periods.

Organic Chemistry: Homologous series. Structural isomers. Organic reactions

(free radical, electrophilic addition, nucleophilic substitution, hydrolysis, oxidation).
Reactivity Trends.