28

Third and Fourth Semesters

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 29

Third and Fourth Semesters

Code THIRD SEMESTER Cr. Code FOURTH SEMESTER Cr.

hours. hours.
. Major Courses of Historical Historical Aspects of South Asian
561. Development in India+(Seminar 3 566. Nations – Society, Politics and 3
Presentation) Economy + (Assignment)
Oral History + (Field Visit + History of Diplomacy and
562. Report Writing ) or 3 567. International Relations + 3
(Seminar Presentation) or
Ethno History: Society, Ethnicity and Diplomatic History of
563. Ethnic Relations in Nepal 3 568. Nepal + (Seminar Presentation) 3
+ (Case Study)
Agrarian History of Nepal Current Issues of History in
564. A. (1769-2000) + (Assignment) or 3 569.
A Nepal (Gender, Human Rights, 3
Peace)+(Seminar Presentation)
Rural History of Nepal+ (Field Cultural and Religious History
Visit + Report Writing) or B of Nepal + (Field Visit + Report
Writing) or
Legal History of Nepal C Regional History of Nepal
+ (Seminar Presentation) + (Seminar Presentation)
A. Constitutional History of Nepal
565. + (Term Paper)or 3 570. THESIS 3
Military History of Nepal +
B (Seminar Presentation)or
C Trans-Himalayan Studies +
(Seminar Presentation)

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 30

THIRD SEMESTER

CODE THIRD SEMESTER Cr.

hours.
Major Courses of Historical Development in India
561. + (Seminar Presentation) 3
Oral History + (Field Visit + Report Writing) or
562. 3
Ethno-History: Society, Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Nepal
563. + (Case Study ) 3
A. Agrarian History of Nepal (1769-2000)+ (Assignment)or
564. B Rural History of Nepal + (Field Visit + Report Writing) 3

C Legal History of Nepal+ (Seminar Presentation)

A. Constitutional History of Nepal + (Term Paper)or
565. B. Military History of Nepal + (Seminar Presentation)or 3
C Trans-Himalayan Studies +(Seminar Presentation)

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Hist. 561-: Major Courses of Historical Development in India

Level: M.A.
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist. 561: Major Courses of Historical Development in India
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to analyse the emergence of India as a sovereign nation
since 1947. Focused mainly on the political history, the course examines the role of
political parties, foreign policy issues and constitutional developments. Political
polarization and the politics of coalition rule also will be critically analysed.

Unit I Congress Hegemony (1947-77) 12

1.India under Nehru (1947-64)

2.Lal Bahadur Shastri as the Prime Minister.
3.Advent of Indira Gandhi (1967) and hegemony of Congress Party (1971)
4.Proclamation of emergency, defeat in parliamentary elections, and end of
Congress rule.
Required Readings:

1. Brass, Paul R.,The Politics of India Since Independence, New Delhi: Foundation
Books, 1994,Second Edition.
2. Gopal, S., Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, New Delhi: Oxford University Press,
1993.
3. Nayar, Kuldip, India after Nehru, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
1977.
Unit II Janata interregnum, Congress return and afterwards (1977-2014) 12

1. Rise and fall of Janata Party rule (1977-79)

2. Return of Indira Gandhi and her assassination (1980-84)
3. The Rajiv years (1984-89) and return of Congress rule (1991-96)
4. Politics of Coalition Rule (1996-2014) and rise of B.J.P.
Required Readings:

1. Brass, Paul R., The Politics of India Since Independence, New Delhi: Foundation
Books, 1994,Second Edition
2. Chandra, Bipan et. al, India Since Independence, New Delhi: Penguin Books,
2008.

Unit III Political Parties and their working 8

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1. Central Parties- Congress, Socialist party, Communist parties, Swotantra Party,

Bharatiya Jana Sangh (Later Bharatiya Janata Party), Janata Party and its splinter
groups
2. Regional Parties- Akali Dal, DMK (different factions), National Conference,
Telagu Desham, Samajbadi Parties, Trinamul Congress, Shiva Sena etc.

Required Readings:

1. Malik, Yogendra K., and V. B. Singh, Hindu Nationalists in India, New Delhi:
Vistar Publications, 1994.
2. Weiner. Myron, Party Politics in India: The Development of a Multi-Party,
Princeton: Princeton University, 1957.
Unit IV Foreign Relations 9

1. Relations with Pakistan – Wars, negotiations and treaties.

2. Relations with Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan.
3. Sino- Indian relations.
4. Relations with Western Powers:- US and USSR ( Russian Federation)
Required Readings:

1. Dutt, V. P., India and the World, New Delhi: 1990

Unit V Constitutional Developments 7

1. Making of Constitution: The Parliamentary Model.

2. Era of Major Change (1975-79): 42 and 44 Amendments.
3. Judiciary and Fundamental rights.
4. Indian Federation – Centre and States
Required Readings:

1. Austin, Granville, Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience,

New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999.
2. Manor, James (ed.), Nehru to the Nineties, New Delhi: Viking, 1994.
References:

1. Ali, Tariq, The Nehrus and the Gandhis, London: Pan Books Ltd., 1985.
2. Kohli, Atul, Democracy and Discontent, New Delhi: Foundation Books, 1991.
3. Morris-Jones, W. H., The Government and Politics of India, London: Hutchinson
University Library, 1987.
4. Nayar, Kuldip, The Judgment, New Delhi: Viking Publishing House, 1978.
5. Wolpert, Stanley, A New History of India, New York: Oxford University Press,
1989,Third Edition.

***

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Hist. 562: Oral History

Level: MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist.562 : Oral History
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
This course is designed to acquaint the students with the concept and practice
of oral history. Oral sources play an important role in making or interpreting
history. But such sources are still not much used in history writing in Nepal.
This course gives student an introductory knowledge about the use and
importance of oral history.

Unit I Introduction to Oral History 12

1. Introduction of Oral History
2. Meaning, Definition and Forms of Oral History
3. Oral History Vs Oral Traditions
4. Use of Oral History as Evidence
Required Readings:
1. Charlton, Thomas L., Lois E. Myers and Rebecca Sharpless (eds.), Handbook of
Oral History, UK: Alta Mira, 2006.
2. Ritchie, Donald A., Doing Oral History, New York: Twayne Publishers, 1995.
3. Tosh, John, The Pursuit of History, London: Longman, 1991.

Unit II Historiography of Oral History 10

1. Brief History of Oral History in the World
2. Practice of Writing Oral History in Nepal
Required Readings:
1. Adhikari, K. K., A Brief Survey of Nepali Historiography, Kathmandu: Sahayogi
Press, 1980.
2. Charlton, Thomas L., Lois E. Myers and Rebecca Sharpless (eds.), History of
Oral History: Foundation and Methodology,UK: Alta Mira, 2007.
3. Henige, David, Oral Historiography, New York: Longman, 1982.
4. Onta, P.R., ‘Rich Possibilities: Notes on Social History of Nepal’, Contributions
to Nepalese Studies, Vol. 21 No. 1, Jan.1994.

Unit III Historical Interpretation of Oral Sources 10

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1. Transcription and Preservation of Oral Sources

2. Establishing Reliability and Validity
3. Limitations of Oral Traditions in Historical Research
Required Readings:
1. Baum, Willa K., Transcribing and Editing oral History, Alta Mira, American
Association for State and Local History, 1997.

Unit IV History and Memory 8

1. History and Memory: Connections and Separation
2. Memory and Transmission: - Tradition, Media of Communication, Material and
environmental Aspects
3. Analysis of Oral Sources
Required Readings:
1. Kumar, Ravinder, The Place of Oral Sources in Historical Research, in The
Making of a Nation: Essays in Indian History and Politics. Delhi: Manohar,
1989.
2. Thompson, Paul, Voice of the Past: Oral History, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2000.
3. Tosh, John, The Pursuit of History, London: Longman, 1991 (Reprint).
Unit V Oral Sources as Evidence of the History of Nepal 8
1. Memoirs
2. Autobiographies/Biographies
3. Interviews
4. Literature
5. Folklores
6. Hearsay
7. Myth and Legend
8. Traditions and Customs, etc.

Required Readings:

1. Jest, Corneille, ‘The Study of Oral Traditions in Nepal’, European Bulletin of

Himalayan Research, No. 3, 1991.
2. Ulrike Miller-Boker, ‘The Voices from Chitwan: Some Examples of the Tharus'
Oral Tradition,’ Himalaya, (the Journal of the Association for Nepal and
Himalayan Studies), Vol. 19, No. 2, 1999.
3. Vansina, Jan, Oral Tradition as History, Nairobi: East African Educational
Publishers, 1997.
4. kf08], eLdaxfb'/, To;avtsf] g]kfn, efu ! / @, sf7df8f}+M
g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)#* .

34
 35

5. e§/fO{, 3gZofd, …g]kfnsf] Oltxf;n]vgdf Dff}lvs ;|f]tsf]

dxTj / pkof]uÚ, Oltxf; k|jfx, jif{ @, cÍ @, sf7df8f}+M
/Tg/fHo SofDk;, lqlj .
6. ef]6sf] ;jfO{, sf7df8f}+M /Tg k':ts e08f/, lj=;+= @)%) .
1`
7. ;d, afns[i0f,d]/f] sljtfsf] cf/fwg, pkf;g !-#, sf7df8f}+M
;femf k|sfzg, @)%$, lj=;+=.

References:

1. Barbara, Allen, and William Lynwood Montell, From Memory to History: Using
Oral Sources in Local Historical Research, Jackson: University Press of
Mississippi, 1991.
2. Dunaway, David K. and Willa K. Baum (eds.), Oral History, An Interdisciplinary
Anthology, Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1984.
3. Perks, Robert and Thomson Alistair (eds.), The Oral History Reader, London:
Routledge, 2006.
4. Rakesh, Ram Dayal,Folk Culture of Nepal: An Analytical Study, Jayapur: Nirala
Publication,1990.
5. Whelpton, John, ‘The Ancestors of Jang Bahadur Rana: History, Propaganda and
Legend,’ Contributions to Nepalese Studies, Vol. 14 No. 3, Aug. 1987, pp. 161-
191.
6. g]kfn -ofqL_, k"0f{k|sfz, e]/L nf]s;flxTo, sf7df8f}+M
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg, lj=;+= @)$! .
7. l;hfklt, /fdljqmd, g]kfnL nf]ssyf ;+ufnf], sf7df8f}+M /Tg
k':ts e08f/,lj=;+= @)%$ .

***

35
 36

Hist. 563 Ethno - History: Society, Ethnicity and

Ethnic Relations in Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist. 563: Ethno - History: Society, Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:

This course of study focuses on Ethno-history of Nepal. Its general objective is to

make students acquaint with conceptual structure of ethno-history, ethnic context of
Nepalese society and history, ethnic politics and relations among various ethnic, caste
and racial groups.

Unit I Ethno-history: Conceptual Aspects 10

1. Defining Ethno-history
2. Sources of Ethno-history
3. Ethnic History of Nepal - Meaning, Nature and Characteristics

Required Readings:

1. Axtell, James, 'Ethno-history: An Historian's Viewpoint,' Ethno-history, Vol. 26,

No. 1, Winter, 1979, pp. 1-13.
2. Ethno-history: A Researcher’s Guide, Studies in Third World Societies Pub # 35.
College of William and Mary, 1986.
3. Harkin, Michael E., ‘Ethno-history's Ethno-history: Creating a Discipline from
the Ground Up,’ Social Science History, Vol. 34, No. 2, Summer 2010, pp. 113-
128.
4. Iltis, Linda L., ‘An Ethno-historical Study of Bandipur,’ Contributions to
Nepalese Studies, Vol. 7. No. 1, Dec. 1980, pp. 81-125.

Unit II Ethnic Nationalities and the Nepalese Society 10

1. Ethnic Structure of the Nepalese Society

2. Tribes, Castes and Racial groups
3. Ādivāsī / Janajātī [Indigenous nationalities] in the context of Nepal’s Political
History
4. Diverse Socio-Cultural aspects of Ethnic Groups

Required Readings:

1. Amatya, Soorya Lal, ‘Ethnic Minority of Nepal,’ Journal of Nepal Council of World
Affairs, 1996.

36
 37

2. Bhattachan, K. B., Minorities and Indigenous People of Nepal, Kathmandu: NCARD,

2008.

3. Bista, Dor B., Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization, Patna:
Orient Longman, 1991.

4. Dahal, Dilli Ram. ‘Social Composition of the Population: Caste/Ethnicity and

Religion in Nepal,’

www.cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/Population/Monograph/Chapter%
2003%20%20Social%20Composition%20of%20the%20Population.pdf

5. Gurung, Harka Bahadur, Ethnic Demography of Nepal,

www.nepaldemocracy.com/ethnicity/ethnic_demography.htm

6. Hachhethu, Krishna, ‘Democracy and Nationalism Interface Between state and

Ethnicity in Nepal,’ Contributions to Nepalese Studies, Vol. 30, No 2, July 2003, pp.
217-252.

7. Yudell, Michael, ‘A Short History of Race Concept’, Gene Watch, 22(3-4), July-
August, 2009, pp. 6-9.

Unit III Ethnicity and Ethno-Politics in Nepal 10

1. Ethnic Groups and Their Interests

2. Rise and Structure of Ethno-Politics
3. Ethnic Identity

Required Readings:

1. Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel and Arild Schou, ‘Who are Indigenous – And How Should
it Matter? Discourses on Indigenous Rights in Norway and Nepal,’ Ethnopolitics
Papers, No. 13, Nov. 2011.
2. Gaige, Fredrick H., Regionalism and National Unity in Nepal, New Delhi: Vikas
Publishing House, 1975.

3. Gellner, David N., ‘Ethnic Rights and Politics in Nepal,’

www.isca.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/ACADEMIC/D_Gellner_publication_files/Et
hnicrightsinNepal.pdf
4. Kukuczka, Anne, ‘Negotiating Ethnic Identity in the Himalaya - The Tamang in
Nepal,’ Südasien-Chronik [South Asia-Chronicle] 1/2011, pp. 393-437.
5. Lawoti, Mahendra and Arjun Gunaratne, Ethnicity, Inequality and Politics in
Nepal, New Delhi: Manohar Publication, 2010.

6. Nepal: Identity Politics and Federalism, Asia Report No. 199, 13 Jan. 2011,
International Crisis Group.

Unit IV Ethnic Relations in Nepal 10

1. Religion and Culture of the Aryans and the non-Aryans

2. The State and Ethnicity – Eighteenth Century Onwards
3. The Notion of Adivasi / Janajati, Ethnic Differences and Nature of Ethnic
Relations

37
 38

Required Readings:

1. Gunaratne, Arjun, ‘Shaping the Tourists Gaze: Representing Ethnic Difference in

a Nepali Village,’ Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 7, No. 3,
2001, pp. 527-543.
2. Gurung, Om, ‘Nepalma Adivasi-Janajati Andolan ko Itihas (History of the
Movements of Indigenous Nationalities in Nepal), Adivasi Janajati Journal, No.
3, 2010.
3. Hofer, Andras, The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A Study of the
Muluki Ain of 1854, Insbruck: Universitats Verlag Wagner, 1979.
4. Levinson, David (ed.), Ethnic Relations A Cross-Cultural Encyclopaedia, Santa
Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1994.

Unit V Indigenous Organizations and Movements 8

1. Organizational Development of Indigenous Societies

2. Historical Sketch of Indigenous Movements – Nature and Significance
3. Recent Political Development and Ethnic Relations

Required Readings:

1. Bhandari, R, Nanda R. Shrestha and Dev Raj Dahal, ‘Rising Ethno-Cultural

Nationalism in Nepal: Postmodern Illusion or democratic Delusion?,’ Socological
Bulletin, 58: 1, April 2009, pp. 6-24.
2. Gurung, Om, ‘Nepalma Adivasi-Janajati Andolan ko Itihas (History of the
Movements of Indigenous Nationalities in Nepal), Adivasi Janajati Journal, No.
3, 2010.

References:

1. Che Kiong Tong, Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia: racializing
Chineseness, London: Springer, 2010.
2. Rhoads, Edward J. M., Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power
in Late Qing and Early Republican China 1861-1928, Seattle: University of
Washington, 2000.

3. Shneiderman, Sara and Mark Turin, ‘Seeking the tribe Ethno-politics in

Darjeeling and Sikkim,’ Himal South Asian, March-April 2006, pp. 54-58.
4. clwsf/L, gf/fo0f k|;fb / c?, cfo{ v;sf !%))) jif{, sf7df08f}M dw'jg k|
sfzg, lj=;+= @)&) .
5. sfsL{, 1fg axfb'/, g]kfndf hftkft tyf 5'jf5'tsf] Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M
Plzof klAns];G;, lj=;+= @)^* .
6. dxh{g, /fh]Gb| (;Dkf=), abln+bf] g]kfnL ;dfh, sf7df08f}M kmfOg
lk|G6, ldlt cg'Nn]lvt .

***

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 39

Hist. 564A: Agrarian History of Nepal [1769-2000]

Level - MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist. 564 A: Agrarian History of Nepal (1769-2000)
Credits hours 3
Total classes 48
Full Marks 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks 40

Course Objectives:

The general objective of this course of study is to make students acquainted with
general outline of agricultural history of modern Nepal. This course specially focuses
on land system, rights involved in land, structure of land taxes, relations between
various involving parties in agriculture, discontent of the peasant society and finally
the land reforms introduced in Nepal.

Unit I Introduction to Agrarian Society of Nepal 8

1. Society and Agriculture – Historical survey

2. Introduction to Economic History of Nepal
Required Readings:

1. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, A Study in Nepali Economic History, 1768-1846,New

Delhi: Manjusri Publishing House, 1971.
2. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, Readings in Nepalese Economic History, Varanasi:
Kishor Vidya Niketan, 1979.

Unit II Land and Land Rights 10

1. Introduction to Land Tenure System and Land Administration

2. Introduction to Rent, Land Tax and Customary Levies and their Collection
3. Rights in Land – Ownership, Tenancy, Rights of Cultivators
Required Readings:
1. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, Land Tenure and Taxation in Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna
Pustak Bhandar, 1976.
2. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, Landownership in Nepal, Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1976.
3. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, Thatched Huts and Stucco Palaces, New Delhi: Vikas
Publishing House, 1978.
4. ;+u|f}nf, gf/fo0f k|;fb, kNnf] ls/fFtsf] lsk6 Aoj:yf, sf7df08f}M
clDasf b]jL ;+u|f}nf, lj= ;+= @)^& .

39
 40

Unit III Agrarian Relations 8

1. Agrarian Social Structure

2. Production Relations
Required Readings:

1. Beteille, Andre, Studies in the Agrarian Structure, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House, 1974.
2. Thapa, Shanker, Agrarian Relations in Nepal, New Delhi: Adroit Publisher,
2000.
Unit IV Peasant Discontent 12

1. Condition of Peasantry
2. Origin and Growth of Peasant Movements
3. Nature of the Demands of Peasantry
Required Readings:

1. Thapa, Shanker, Peasant Insurgence in Nepal (1951-1960),

Bhaktapur: Nirmala K.C., 2001.
2. a'9fyf]sL, kb\d axfb'/, g]kfndf ls;fg cfGbf]ng, eStk'/M
n]vs :jo+, lj=;+= @)$* .
Unit V Land Reforms 10

1. Land Acts- Rent Act 1951, Land Act 1955, Land Regulations 1960
2. Land Reforms Act 1964 and Changes Thereafter
Required Readings:

1. Regmi, Mahesh Chandra, Some Aspects of Land Reforms in Nepal, Kathmandu:

Sahitya Prakashan, 2023 B.S.
2. Wallinsky, Louis J., Selected Papers of Wolf Ladejinsky: Agrarian Reforms As
An Unfinished Business, New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
3. e"dL ;DalGw P]g / lgodx? .
References:
1. Dhanagare, D. N., Peasant Movements in India 1920-1950, New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1994.
2. Gupta, Sulekh Chandra, Agrarian Relations And British Rule In India,
Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1963.
3. Land Reforms Planning and Programme, Kathmandu: Department of Land
Reforms, 2023B.S.
4. Manifesto of the Akhil Nepal Kisan Sangh and Policies, Kathmandu: The
ANKS, 2047 B. S.
5. Raj, Yogesh, History as Mindscapes: A Memory of the Peasant’s
Movement of Nepal. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari, 2010.

40
 41

6. Sagant, Philippe, ‘Money Lenders and Clan Headman – The Ethnography of

Indebtedness in East Nepal', In Charles Malamond (ed.), Debts and Debtors,
New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1983, pp. 199-224.
7. Yadav, Shohan Ram, Nepal Feudalism and Rural Formation, New Delhi: Cosmo
Publications, 1984.
8. ;f]x| lhNnf / e"ld ;'wf/, sf7df08f}M e"ld ;'wf/ ljefu,
lj= ;+= @)@$ .

***

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 42

Hist. 564 B: Rural History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist. 564 B: Rural History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
This course of study on Rural History of Nepal intends to focus on local histories of
rural Nepal. After the completion of the term, the learning outcome is expected to
provide students with the knowledge of related conceptual aspects of rural history
including local, everyday and micro histories. At the same time, students will be able to
gain knowledge on development of rural history models, rural aspects of Nepal and
rural political development.

Unit I Rural History – Introduction 12

1. Introducing Rural History
2. Writing Rural History: Sources and Methods in Rural History
3. Making of Rural History through Changes
–Rural Electrification in China as a Model
Required Readings:
1. Finberg, H. P. R., 'The Local Historian and His Theme,' In H. P. R. Finberg
and V. H. T. Skipp, Local History: Objective and Pursuit, Devon: David
and Charles, 1967.
2. Finnegan, Ruth, Michael Drake and Jacquelene Eustace (eds.), Sources
and Methods for Family and Community Historians- A Handbook,
Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1997.
3. Wuyuan Peng and Jiahua Pan, ‘Rural Electrification in China: History and
Institution,’ China and World Economy, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2006, pp. 71 – 84.
Unit II Conceptual Aspects of Rural History 14
1. The Concepts of Everyday History, Local History and Micro History
Construction of History of Rural Societies
2. The Study of Rural History -
a. British Orthodox School [Jeremy Burchardt] and the New
School [Alun Howkins]
b. American South, North Schools, and the Frontier Schools
c. French Annales School.
Required Readings:
1. Barron, Hal S., ‘Rediscovering the Majority: The New Rural History of the
Nineteenth-Century North,' Historical Methods, Fall 1986, Vol. 19 No. 4,
pp. 141-152.
2. Brewer, John, 'Micro-history and the Histories of Everyday Life,' CAS LMU
e-Series, Summer 5, 2010;
www.cas.uni-muenchen.de/publikationen/e_series/cas-eseries _nr5.pdf
3. Brooks, Pamela, 'ow to Research Local History: Find Out All About Your
House, Village or Town, Oxford: Howtobooks, 2008.

42
 43

4. Burchardt, Jeremy, ‘Agricultural History, Rural History, or Countryside

History?,’ Historical Journal, 50 : 2, June 2007, pp. 465-481.
5. Burke, Peter, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School
1829–1889, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
6. Chakravarti, Uma, Everyday Lives, Everyday Histories: Beyond the Kings
and Brahmans of Ancient India, New Delhi: Tulika Books, 2006.
7. Hans Renders en Binne de Haan (eds.), Theoretical Discussions of
Biography: Approaches from History, Micro-history, and Life Writing,
New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2013.
8. Hicks, Granville, ‘Local history,’ The Wisconsin Magazine of History, Vol.
36, No. 1, Autumn 1952, pp. 28-31.
9. Swenson, Timothy, Researching and Writing Local History, Frement:
Museum of Local History, 2011.
10. Swierenga, Robert. P., ‘The New Rural History: Defining the Parameters,’
Great Plains Quarterly, 1981, Paper 1872, University of Nebraska, pp.
211-223.
Unit III Understanding Rural Areas 12
1. General Picture of Rural Nepal [Population, Society, Religion and
Economy]
2. The Village Societies – Racial, Traditional, Social, Religious, and
Economic Structures
3. Village Socio-cultural and Religious Institutions
4. Village Societies and Governance in Historical Perspective
Required Readings:
1. Dasgupta, Biplab (ed.), Village Studies in the Third World, New Delhi:
Transaction Publishers, 1978.
2. Davis, Rochelle, Palestinian Village Histories: Geographies of the
Displaced, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010.
Unit IV Revolution, Resistance and Reforms: Political History of Rural Nepal 10
1. Political Aspects of Rural Societies and Leadership Structure
2. Making of Rural History since 1951 CE
3. Survey of Rural Resistances: their Significance in Local History
Required Readings:
1. Davis, Rochelle, Palestinian Village Histories: Geographies of the
Displaced, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010.
2. Thapa, Shanker, Peasant Insurgence in Nepal, Bhaktapur: Nirmala K. C.,
2001.
References:
1. Guo T. Yuhua, ‘Making History from Everyday Life of Common People:
The Oral History Studies in a Chinese Village,’ Polis Sociological Review,
No. 1672009, pp. 399-413.
2. Howkins, Alun, Death of Rural England: A Social History of the
Countryside Since 1900, Sussex: Psychology Press, 2003.

***

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 44

Hist. 564C:Legal History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Second Semester
Course: Hist. 564C: Legal History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60/Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to analyse the legal history of Nepal from the time of its
unification, with the background of ancient and medieval periods. It focuses on the Codes of
1854 and 1963 with particular reference to family law, property law, and criminal law. It also
traces the history of crime and punishment in Nepal and the evolution of procedural law and
judicial administration for the proper implementation of different laws.

UnitI Legal System in Ancient and Medieval Nepal 8

1. Introduction to Legal System.

2. Ancient Nepal (Through inscriptions).
3. Medieval Nepal (With special references to Codes of Jayasthiti Malla and Ram Shah)
Required Readings:

! jh|frfo{, wgjh|, ælnR5jL sfnsf] Gofo Joj:yfsf] Ps emnsÆ,

k"l0f{df, c+s !^, lj=;+= @)@% .
@ /]UdL, hubLzrGb,| g]kfnsf] j}wflgs k/Dk/f, sf7df8f}FM
kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)#^ .
Unit II The 1854 Code 10

1. Legal System before 1854 (With special reference to Hodgson's writings).

2. The 1854 Code and Its Amendments.
3. Family Law (Husband and Wife; Marriage, Judicial Separation and Divorce;
Inheritance, Caste Hierarchy), Property Law (Partition; Credit and Debt, Guthi System,
Wage Labour), Criminal Law (Homicide, Theft, Injury, Forgery).
Required Readings:

1. Pradhananga, Rajit Bhakta, Homicide Law in Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak

Bhandar, 2001.
@= >L % ;'/]Gb| ljqmd zfxb]jsf] zf;g sfndf ag]sf]
d'n'sL P]g, sf7df8f}FM sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno, lj=;+=
@)@@ .
Unit III The 1963 Code 10

1. Legal Changes After 1951.

2. The 1963 Code and Its Amendments.
3. Family Law, Property Law, Criminal Law, Fiscal Law, Women's Right.
Required Readings:
!= vgfn, /]jtL/d0f d'n'sL P]gM Ps ljj]rgf, sf7df8f}FM /Tgk':ts e08f/, .

44
 45

@= d'n'sL P]g @)@), sf7df8f}FM sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno -;+zf]wg

;d]t_ .

Unit IV Crime and Punishment 10

1. Ancient and Medieval Period.

2. Unification and After.
3. The 1854 Code and Afterwards.
4. The 1963 Code and Afterwards (Crime against State, Body, Property; Religious and
Sexual Crimes).
Required Readings:
1. Vaidya, Tulsi Ram and Tri Ratna Manandhar, Crime and Punishment in Nepal,
Kathmandu: Bini and Purna Devi, 1984.

@= cfrfo{,dfwa k|;fb / /lht eQm k|wfgfª\u, kmf}hbf/L

sfg'g / kmf}hbf/L Gofo, sf7df8f}FM /Tgk':ts e08f/, lj=;
+=@)$( .
Unit V Procedural Law and Judicial Administration 10

1. Legal Procedure after Unification.

2. Legal Procedure under the Codes of 1854 and 1963 (Adalati Bandobasta and Danda
Sajaya).
3. Judicial Administration since the Unification Period.
Required Readings:
1. Hodgson, B.H., Miscellaneous Essays Relating to Indian Subjects, Vol. II, London:
Trubner. 1880.

2. Manandhar, Tri Ratna, Some Aspects of Rana Rule in Nepal, Kathmandu: Purna Devi,
1983.

#= vgfn, /]jtL/d0f,g]kfnsf] sfg'gL Oltxf;sf] ?k/]vf,

sf7df8f}FM ;/:jtL vgfn, lj=;+= @)%(
References:
1. Adhikari, Krishna Kant, Nepal Under Jang Bahadur, Kathmandu: Buku, 1984.
2. Agrawal, Hem Narayan, The Administrative System of Nepal, Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House, 1976.
3. Hofer, Andras, The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal, Innsbruck: Universitat
Verlag Wagner, 1979.
4. Kumar, Satish, Rana Polity in Nepal, Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 1967.
5. Regmi, Jagdish Chandra, (ed.), Judicial System of King Surendra, Kathmandu: Nepal
Antiquary, 2038 BS.
6. Regmi, M.C., ‘Preliminary Notes on the Nature of Rana Law and Government,’
Contribution to Nepalese Studies, Vol. 2, No.2, 1975.
7. Riccardi, Theodore, ‘The Royal Edicts of king Ram Shah of Gorkha,’ Kailash, Vol. 5,
No. 1, 1977.

45
 46

8. Sharma, P. R., ‘Caste Social Mobility and Sanskritization: A Study of Nepal’s Legal
Code,’ Kailash, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1977.

***

46
 47

Hist. 565 A: Constitutional History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist. 565 A: Constitutional History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to analyse the constitutional development in Nepal
since 1948, focusing mainly on the changing role of monarchy, party and non-party
politics and their impact on constitutional changes, representative institutions as
mediums of constitutional governments, and supremacy of judiciary as custodian of
constitutional rule.
Unit I A Brief Study of the Constitutions of Nepal since 1948 10
1. Government of Nepal Act 1948 - Main Features.
2. Interim Government of Nepal Act –Main Features and Various Amendments.
3. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1959 - Main Features.
4. The Constitution of Nepal 1962 - Main Features and Amendments
(1967,1975 and 1980).
5. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal 1990 - Main Features.
6. Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007.
Required Readings:
1. Agrawal, H.N.,Nepal: A Study in Constitutional Change, New Delhi: Oxford and
IBH Publishing Co., 1980.
2. Neupane, P, The Constitution and Constitutions of Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna
Pustak Bhandar, 1969.
3. g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+lawfg @)^#, sf7df08f}M k|]/0ff k|
sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^# .

Unit II Monarchy: Changing Nature and Abolition 10

1. Monarchy under the Rana Rule and its Role in the 1950 Movement.
2. Changing Roles of King Tribhuvan and King Mahendra during the Interim
Period (1951-58).
3. King Mahendra and the 1959 Constitution and the Royal Coup of 1960.
4. Monarchy under the Panchayat System.
5. Monarchy from 1990 to its Abolition.

Required Readings:
1. Joshi, Bhuvan Lal and Leo E. Rose, Democratic Innovations in Nepal, Berkeley;
University of California, 1966.
2. Toffin, Gerard, From Monarchy to Republic, Kathmandu: Vajra Books, 2013.

Unit III Party/ non Party Politics and Constitutional Changes 12

1. Party Politics During Interim Period (1951-58)
2. Party Politics during the Parliamentary Rule.
47
 48

3. Party/non Party Politics during the Panchayat Era.

4. Party Politics after 1990.
5. Maoist Insurgency and Its Impact on Party Politics.

Required Readings:
1. Baral, Lok Raj, Oppositional Politics in Nepal, New Delhi: Abhinav
Publications, 1977.
2. Shah, Rishikesh, Politics in Nepal 1980-91, New Delhi: Manohar, 1992.

Unit IV The Representatives Institutions: - Growth, Decline and Re-Emergence 8

1. Nature of Central Legislature under 1948 Constitution.
2. The Advisory Assemblies– Composition, Functions, and Their Impact
on Nepal’s Politics, with Reference to Constituent Assembly Issue.
3. Working of Parliament under the Parliamentary Rule (1959-60).
4. Working of National Panchayat and Local Councils under the Panchayat
System.
5. Central Legislature under the 1990 Constitution and Its Working.
6. Constituent Assembly and Legislative Parliament – Composition and
Working.

Required Readings:
1. Joshi, Bhuvan Lal and Leo E. Rose, Democratic Innovations in Nepal, Berkeley:
University of California, 1966.
2. Khanal, Ravindra, Local Governance in Nepal, Lalitpur: Smriti Books, n. d.

Unit V Judicial Supremacy: Concept and Practice 8

1. Judiciary under the Rana Rule.
2. Evolution and Working of Judiciary (1951-60) With Reference to
Crown Vs Judiciary.
3. Position and Working of Judiciary Under the Panchayat System.
4. Question of Judicial Supremacy from 1990 to Present Day with
Reference to Supreme Court’s Handling of Constitutional Cases.
Required Readings:
1. pk|]tL, e/t/fh / sgs laqmd yfkf (;Dkf=), g]kfnsf] ;
+a}wflgs sfg'g , sf7df08f}M sfg'g cg';Gwfg tyf
ljsf; kmf]/d, lj= ;+= @)$( .
2. vgfn, /]jtL/d0f, g]kfnsf] sfg'gL Oltxf;sf] ?k/]vf,
sf7df08f}M ;/:jtL vgfn, lj=;++ @)%( .
3. >]i7, 1fOGb| axfb'/, g]kfnsf] sfg'gL Oltxf;sf] ?k/]vf,
sf7df08f}M k}/aL k|sfzg, lj=;++ @)$$ .

References:
1. Baral, Lok Raj, Nepal: Problems of Governance, New Delhi: Konark
Publishers, 1993.
2. Baral, Lok Raj, Nepal’s Politics of Referendum, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House, 1983.

48
 49

3. Brown, T. Louise., The Challenge to Democracy in Nepal, London: Routledge,

1996.
4. Chatterjee, Bhola, Nepal’s Experiments with Democracy, New Delhi: Ankur
Publishing House, 1977.
5. Chauhan, R. S., The Political Development in Nepal, 1950-70, New Delhi:
Associating Publishing House, 1971.
6. Gupta, Anirudha, Politics in Nepal, Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1964.
7. Malagodi, Mara. Constitutional Nationalism and Legal Exclusion, New Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 2013.
8. Rose, Leo E. and Margaret Fisher, The Politics of Nepal, Ithaca: Cornell
University Press, 1970.
9. Shah, Rishikesh, Nepali Politics: Retrospect and Prospect, New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1978.
10. Sharma, Jana, Democracy without Roots, Delhi: Book Faith India, 1998.
11. Whelpton, John, A History of Nepal, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2005.

***

49
 50

Hist. 565 B - Military History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: First Semester
Course: Hist. 565 B - Military History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60/Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:

The course helps students to know about the contribution of Nepalese army in nation-
building as well as their role in international peace-keeping. The course consists of history of
military historiography, principles of war, major battles, its consequences, strategies, and
administration of Nepalese army.
UnitI Introduction to Military History 8

1. Definition and Scope of Military History.

2. Historiography of Military History in Nepal.
3. Importance of Studying Military History.
4. Sources of Military History.
5. Overview on Principles of War and Strategy.

Required Readings:

1. Mallick, P. C., Principles of War, Time for Relook, New Delhi: K. W. Publishers, 2009.
2. Morillo, Stephen and Michale F. Pavkovic, What is Military History?,Malden: Polity
Press, 2013.
Unit II Military Organization in Nepal 10

1. Military System of Ancient and Medieval Times.

2. Growth of Military Organization in Modern Times.
3. Major Departments; Military Hierarchy and Functionaries; Laws and Regulations.
4. Modern Military Policy and System of Nepal.

Required Readings:

1. k+u]gL, ej]Zj/, g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL P]g lj=;+= @))(-@)^#,

sf7df08f}M >4f;|i6f k|sfzg, lj=;+= @)^( .
2. dfgGw/, lq/Tg / c?, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M g]kfnL
h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)^( .
3. j}B, t'n;L /fd / c?,g]kfnsf] ;}lgs Oltxf;(efu-@), sf7df08f}M
g]kfnL h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)^% .
4. zdf{, lzj k|;fb / c?, g]kfnsf] ;}lgs Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M zfxL
g]kfnL h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)$( .

Unit III Major Wars Fought by the Nepalese Army 12

1. Principles of War.
2. War Strategies and its Nature.
50
 51

3. Nepal-Tibet (China) Wars of 1788-89 and 1791-92; Third Nepal-Tibet Wars of 1855-56;
Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16).

Required Readings:

1. Chaudhary, K. C., Anglo-Nepalese Relations: From the Earliest Times of the British Rule in
India till the Gorkha War, Calcutta: Sri Dinesh Chandra Bose, 1960.
2. Husain, Asad, British India's Relations with the Kingdom of Nepal, London: George Allen and
Unwin, 1970.
3. Mishra, T. P., Taming of Tibet, Jayapur: Nirala Publications, 1993.
4. Ramakant, Indo-Nepal Relations 1816-1877, New Delhi: S. Chand and Co., 1968.
5. Rose, Leo E., Nepal: Strategy for Survival, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.
6. Uprety, P. R., Nepal-Tibet Relations 1850-1930, Kathmandu: Puga Nara, 1980.

Unit IV Contribution of Nepalese Army in International Arena 10

1. Indian Revolt of 1857.

2. First World War (1914-1918).
3. Afghan War (1919).
4. Second World War (1939-1945).
5. Hyderabad Issue (1948).
6. Nepalese Army and International Peace-keeping Mission.

Required Readings:

1. Uprety, P.R., Nepal: A Small Nation in the Vortex of International Conflicts, Kathmandu: Pu
Gomi, 1984.
@= dfgGw/, lq/Tg / c?, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M
g]kfnL h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)^( .
#= zdf{, lzjk|;fb / c?, g]kfnsf] ;}lgs Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M zfxL
g]kfnL h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)$( .

Unit V Civil- Military Relations in Nepal 8

1. Humanitarian and Welfare Work of Nepalese Army.

2. Nepalese Army and Development Works.
3. Nepalese Army in Internal Peace-keeping.

Required Readings:

1. dfgGw/, lq/Tg / c?, g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M g]kfnL

h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)^(.
2. a:Goft, k|]d l;+x, g]kfndf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf] k|a]z tyf vDkf
lab|]fx, sf7df08f}M k|utL k':ts ;bg, lj=;+= @)^%.
3. zdf{, ;'wL/ (;Dkf=), g]kfnL ;]gf gful/s lgoGq0fsf] r'gf}tL,
sf7df08f}M dfl6{g rf}tf/L, lj=;+= @)^& .
4. zdf{, lzjk|;fb / c?, g]kfnsf] ;}lgs Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M zfxL
g]kfnL h+uL c8\8f, lj=;+= @)$(

51
 52

References

1. Clausewitz, On War, New Delhi: Nataraj Publishers, 2013.

2. Collins, John M., Military Strategy, Principles, Practices and Historical Perspectives,
Virginia: Brassey's Inc., 2002.
3. Gat, Azar, A History of Military Thought, From Enlightenment to Cold War, New York:
Oxford University Press, 2001.
4. Gray, Collin S., Modern Strategy, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
5. Hamal, Laxman B., Military History of Nepal, Kathmandu: Sharda Pustak Mandir, 1995
6. Hart, B.H. Liddell, Strategy, New York: Meridian, 1991.
7. Huntington, Samuel P., The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military
Relations, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
8. Khanduri, C. B., The Rediscovered History of Gorkhas, Delhi: Gyan Sagar Publication, 1997.
9. Manandhar, Tri Ratna, Some Aspects of Rana Rule in Nepal, Kathmandu: Purnadevi
Manandhar, 1983.
10. Manandhar, Vijay, Kumar, A Comprehensive History of Nepal-China Relations up to 1955
A.D., Vols. I & II, New Delhi: Adroit Publishers, 2004.
11. Mehata, Ashok K., The Royal Nepalese Army: Meeting the Maoist Challenge, New Delhi:
Rupa & Co., 2005.
12. Pemble, John, Britain's Gurkha War: The Invasion of Nepal- 1814-1816, South Yorkshire:
Frontline Books, 2009.
13.cfrfo{, afa'/fd, >L % a8fdxf/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] hLjgL,
(efu!-$), sf7df08f}M ;femf k|sfzg, lj=;+= @)^! .
14.vqL, 6]s axfb'/, zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M zf/bf
s'df/L, lj=;+= @)$! .
15. kGt, lbg]z/fh, uf]/vfsf] Oltxf;(efu!-$), sf7df08f}M n]vs,
lj=;+= @)$!, @)$#, @)$% / @)%) .
16. k+u]gL, ej]Zj/, g]kfnsf] ;}lgs Oltxf;M>L sfnL axfb'/
u0f, sf7df08f}M >L sfnL axfb'/ u0f, lj=;+= @)^( .
17.lai6, ;f]dWjh, zfxL ;}lgs Oltxf;, sf7df08f}M gf/fo0f h+u /
g/]Gb|dfg, lj=;+= @)@) .
18.ld>, tLy{ k|;fb, c+u|]h - ef]6 ljjfbdf g]kfnsf] e"ldsf,
sf7df08f}M ;'ldtf kfv/]n, lj=;+= @)%$ .
19.ld>, tLy{ k|;fb, g]kfn - ef]6 ljjfbdf UofNaf] sf08,
sf7df08f}Ma+zld;f k|sfzg, lj=;+= @)%# .
20.dfgGw/, lq/Tg, g]kfn -ef]6 ljjfb, sf7df08f}Mg]kfn / PlzofnL
cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)$! .

***

52
 53

Hist. 565 C: Trans-Himalayan Studies

Level: MA
Term: Third Semester
Course: Hist.565 C: Trans-Himalayan Studies
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The prescribed paper is intended to meet the following objectives:
 To give bird’s eye view of the political history of Tibet, Bhutan and Sikkim.
 To acquaint the students the inter-relationship among the Trans- Himalayan countries.
 To impart the knowledge of the social and economic structure of the Trans –Himalayan
countries.
 To assess the relations of Nepal with the Trans- Himalayan countries.
UnitI Tibet 15
1. A Brief Survey of the Tibetan History up to 1949
2. Development of Buddhism
3. Dalai Lama: Political and Social status
4. Road to Tibet: Chinese, Russian and British Interest During 19th and 20th Centuries
5. Chinese Occupation
Required Readings:
1. Bell, Charles, Tibet: Past and Present, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.
2. Bidyanand, British India and Tibet, Delhi: Oxford and IBM Publishing Company, 1965.
3. Mallik, Inder, Dalai Lamas of Tibet, Delhi: Uppal Publishing House, 1984.
4. Richardson, H.E., Tibet and Its History, London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
5. Shakabpa, Tsepon W.D., Tibet: A Political History, New Heaven: Yale University Press,
1967.
6. Van Walt Van Praag, Michael C.,The Status of Tibet, Boulder: West View Press, 1987.
Unit II Bhutan 11
1. Brief History of Bhutan
2. Bhutan’s Relations with Tibet and India
3. Constitutional Development after 1980.
4. Bhutanese Kings: Powers and Functions
Required Readings:
1. Aris, Michael, Views of Medieval Bhutan, New Delhi: Rolli Books International, 1982.
2. Collister, Peter, Bhutan and British, London: Srindia Publication,1987.
3. Constitution of Bhutan 2008
4. Das, Nirmala, The Dragon Country, The History of Bhutan, Bombay: The Orient
Shajman, 1974.
5. Gupta, Santiswari, British Relations with Bhutan, Jaipur: Panchasheel Prakashan, 1974.
6. Phuntso, Karma, The History of Bhutan, Noida: Random House India, 2013.
7. Rahul, Ram, Modern Bhutan, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1971.

Unit III Sikkim 12

1. Brief History of Sikkim
53
 54

2. Impact of Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan in the Culture of Sikkim

3. Sikkim’s Relations with British India in the 18th and 19th Centuries.
4. Merger with India
Required Readings:
1. Basnet, Lal Bahadur, Sikkim: A Short Political History, New Delhi: S. Chand and Co.,
1975.
2. Rahul, Ram, The Himalayan Borderland, Delhi: Vikas Publications, 1975.
3. Sharma, Nagendra, Nepal’s Relations with Sikkim and Bhutan 1790-1900, Kathmandu:
Himshikhar Publications, 2002.
4. Sukla, Satendra R., Sikkim the Story of Integration, New Delhi: S. Chand and Co., 1970.
5. Wfdnf, hof, l;lSsdsf] Oltxf;, bflh{ln8M Zofd k|sfzg, !(*# .
6. Zfdf{, t'n;L/fd sZok, l;lSsd lxhf] b]lv cfh ;Dd, ufGtf]sM
c+s'/ k|sfzg, !((^ .
Unit IV Nepal and the Trans-Himalayan States 10
1. Nepal’s Role in the Trans- Himalayan Trade.
2. Bhutanese Refugee Problem and Nepal.
3. Nepalese Migration in Sikkim
4. Nepal and the Trans- Himalayan Politics
Required Readings:
1. Cammann, Schuyler, Trade through the Himalayas, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1951.
2. Ghosh, Peu, Bhutanese Refugees: A Forgotten Saga, Kolkata: Minerva, 2010.
3. Hutt, Michael, Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood and the Fight of Refugees
from Bhutan, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.
4. Mishra, Tirtha Prasad, The Taming of Tibet, Jayapur: Nirala Publications, 1993.
5. Rose, Leo E., Nepal: Strategy for Survival, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.
6. Sharma, Nagendra, Nepal’s Relations with Sikkim and Bhutan, 1790-1900 Kathmandu:
Himshikhar Publication, 2002.
7. Gf]kfn, 1fgdl0f, g]kfn ;'lvd ;DaGw, sf7df08f}M lxdlzv/ k|
sfzg, lj= ;+= @)$! .

References:
1. Denjongpa, Anna Balikci, and Alex Mckay (eds.), Buddhist Himalaya: Studies
inReligion, History, and Culture, Vol. 2, Gangtok: Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, 2011.
2. Fairbank, John K. (ed.), The Chinese World Order, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press, 1970.
3. Fisher, Margaret W. and Leo E. Rose, England, India, Nepal, Tibet and China1765-1958,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1959.
4. Goyal, Narendra, Political History of Himalayan States, New Delhi:Thomas Press, 1972.
5. Karan, Pradyumna P.et al, The Himalayan Kingdoms, Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal,
Princeton: Van Vasirand, 1963.
6. Ray, N. R., Himalayan Frontier in Historical Perspective, Calcutta: Institute of Historical
Studies, 1986.
7. Shakya, Tsering, The Dragon in the Land of Snows, London: Pimlico, 1999.
8. Waddell, Austine L., Lhasa and its Mysteries, Delhi: Samskaran Prakasan, 1975.
9. dfgGw/, ;'lznf, g]kfn e'6fg ;DaGw, sf7df08f}M g]kfn tyf
PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, ldlt cg'Nn]lvt .
54
55

***

55
 56

FOURTH SEMESTER

CODE FOURTH SEMESTER Cr. hours.

Historical Aspects of South Asian Nations – Society, Politics and Economy
566. 3
+ (Assignment)
567 History of Diplomacy and International Relations+ (Seminar Presentation) 3
568 Regional History of Nepal + (Seminar Presentation) 3
A Current Issues of History in Nepal (Gender, Human Rights, and Peace)+
(Seminar Presentation) or 3
569. B Cultural and Religious History of Nepal + (Field Visit + Report Writing)
or
C Diplomatic History of Nepal + (Seminar Presentation)

570. 3
THESIS

56
 57

Hist. 566: Historical Aspects of South Asian Nations:

Society, Politics and Economy

Level : MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist. 566: Historical Aspects of South Asian Nations: Society, Politics and Economy
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to discuss in brief the recent history of Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Focused mainly on political development
with socio-economic background, the course analyses the democratic and
authoritarian rule, ethnic conflicts and role of foreign powers.

Unit I Introduction to Modern South Asia 8

1. Historical setting
2. British rule in India and Sri Lanka
3. Anglo- Russian rivalry in Afghanistan
4. Brief Notes on Maldives – history and politics
5. SAARC- Formation, Working and Future.
Required Readings:
1. Baxter, Craig et al, Government and Politics in South Asia, Boulder: West-
view Press, Latest Edition.
2. Jalal, Ayesha, Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia, New Delhi:
Foundation Books, 1995.
3. Phadanis, Urmila, Maldives, New Delhi: South Asian Publication, 1995.
Unit II Afghanistan 10
1. Historical Background till 1973.
2. Foundation of Republic and its activities.
3. Coup of 1978 and afterwards.
4. Taliban insurgency and its suppression.
Required Readings:
1. Haque, Aziz-ul (ed.), Afghanistan: Past, Present and Future, Islamabad:
Institute of Regional Studies, 1997.
2. Rubin, Barnett R.,The Search for Peace in Afghanistan, New Haven: Yale
University Press, 1995.
Unit III Bangladesh 10
1. Formation of Bangladesh and Seikh Mujib Era (1971-75).
2. Political instability and Ziaur Rehman’s regime (1975-82).
3. Rise and fall of Ershad (1982-90).
4. Parliamentary rule since 1990.
Required Readings:
1. Ahmed, Mouded, Democracy and the Challenge of Development, New Delhi:
Vikas Publishing House, 1995.

57
 58

2. Mascarenhas, Anthony,Bangladesh:A Legacy of Blood, London: Hodder and

Stoughton, 1986.
3. Mascarenhas, Anthony,The Rape of Bangladesh, New Delhi: Vikas
Publications, 1971.
Unit IV Pakistan 10
1. Formation of Pakistan and political instability till 1958.
2. The Ayub Rule (1958-69) and the military takeover.
3. Rise and fall of Z.A. Bhutto and military rule (1971-85).
4. Democratic experiments, military coup 1999 and afterwards.
Required Readings:
1. Hamid, Yusuf, Pakistan: the Political Development, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel
Publications, 1999.
2. Kukreja, Veena, Contemporary Pakistan, New Delhi: Sage Publications,
2003.
3. Talbot, Ian, Pakistan: A Modern History, New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1999.
Unit V Sri Lanka 10
1. Historical Background till 1948.
2. Parliamentary rule (1948-78).
3. Presidential system since 1978.
4. LTTE insurgency and its fall.
Required Readings:
1. De Silva, C. R., Sri Lanka: A History, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House,
Latest Edition.
2. Wilson, A. J., The Break-up of Sri Lanka, London: Orient Longman, 1988.
3. Wilson, A. J., Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism, New Delhi: Penguin Books,
2000.
References:
1. Baral, Lok Raj. The Politics of Balanced Interdependence: Nepal and
SAARC, New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1988.
2. De Silva, K. M., Reaping the Whirlwind: Ethnic Conflict, Ethnic Politics in
Sri Lanka, New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1998.
3. De Silva, K.M. Sri Lanka: the Problem of Governance, New Delhi: Konark
Publishers, 1993.
4. Sobhan, Rehman, Bangladesh: Problems of Governance, New Delhi: Konark
Publishers, 1993.
5. Ziring, Lawrence, Pakistan in the Twentieth Century, Karachi: Oxford
University Press, 1999.

***

58
 59

Hist. 567 : History of Diplomacy and International Relations

Level: MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist.567 : History of Diplomacy and International Relations
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The prescribed paper intended to meet the following objectives:
 To impart the knowledge on various aspects of diplomacy and international relations.
 To educate the student with the changing pattern of diplomacy and the recent trend in the
international relations.
Unit I Diplomacy, Foreign Policy and International Law 8
1. Diplomacy- Definition, Origin, significance, Scope and Limitations
2. Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
3. Diplomacy and International Law
4. Oriental Diplomacy
5. Old, New and Quiet Diplomacy
Required Readings:
1. Kissinger, Henary, Diplomacy, London: Simon and Schuster, 1965.
2. Mookerjee, G. K., Diplomacy: Theory and History, New Delhi: Trimurti
Publications, 1973.
3. Nicolson, Harold, Diplomacy, London: Oxford University Press, 1969.
4. /]UdL, sdn b]j, s'6gLltM l;4fGt / Jojxf/, sf7df08f}M Plzof
k|sfzg, lj=;++ @)^& .
Unit II Evolution of Diplomatic Method 10
1. History of European Diplomacy.
2. Transition From Old to New Diplomacy
3. Diplomatic Procedure
4. The Ideal Diplomatists
5. Foreign Service and Diplomatic Language
6. Functions of Diplomats
7. Decline and Revival of Diplomacy
Required Readings:
1. Barton, RP., Modern Diplomacy, Delhi: Pearson, 2006.
2. Dexter, Perkin, The Diplomacy of a New Age, Calcutta: Scientific Book Agency,
1968.
3. Mookerjee, G.K., Diplomacy: Theory and History, New Delhi: Trimurti Publications,
1973.
4. Nicolson, Harold, The Evolution of Diplomatic Method, London: Contabales and Co.,
1954.
5. Satow, Ernest, A Guide to Diplomatic Practices, London: Longmans, 1966.
Unit III International Relations: Introduction and Major Trends 10
1. Meaning, Scope, Significance and Development
2. War, Negotiation and Peace
3. International Conflict
4. The League of Nations and United Nations

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5. Relations Among the European Countries Between the Two Great World Wars
6. Foreign Policy of USA 1919-1933
Required Readings:
1. Bartlett, C.J., The Global Conflict: International Rivalry of Great Powers1880-1990,
London: Longman, 1994.
2. Benns, F. Lee, Europe since 1914, New York: Appletion Century Crafts, 1954.
3. Chhabra, H.K., History of Modern World since 1914, Delhi: Surjeet Publications,
1989.
4. Longsam, W. C., The World Since 1914, Delhi: Surjeet Publications, 1995.
5. Morgenthau, Hans J., Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace,
New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2000.
6. Palmer, Norman D. & Others, International Relations: The World Community in
Transition, Delhi: AITBS Publishers, 1997.
7. Wolfson, R., From Peace to War: European Relations 1919-39, London: Oxford,
1985.
Unit IV International Relations1933-1945 10
1. Sino-Japanese Relations
2. Foreign Policy of Mussolini and Hitler
3. Policy of Appeasement
4. Second World War and its Impact
Required Readings:
1. Beasley, W. E., Japanese Imperalism1894-1945, London: Oxford University Press,
1987.
2. Carr, E.H., International Relations Between the Two World Wars1919-1939, London:
Macmillan and Co., 1965.
3. Taylor, A. J. P., The Origin of Second World War, New York: Fawcett World Library,
1969.
Unit V The Cold War and After 10
1. Cold War: Background, Origin and Development
2. Berlin Wall, Nuclear Arm Race and Cuban Missile Crisis
3. Korean and Vietnam Wars
4. Disintegration of USSR and the End of Cold War
5. International Terrorism
Required Readings:
1. Aylett, J. F., The Cold War and After, London: Hodderand Stoughton, 1996.
2. Chomsky, Noam, The Culture of Terrorism, Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1990.
3. Heater, D., The Cold War, London: Oxford University Press, 1970.
References:
1. Best, Anthony & Others, International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond,
Delhi: Routledge India, 2009.
2. Carr, E.H., Twenty Years Crisis,1919-1939:An Introduction to the Study of
International Relations, London: Macmillan and Co., 1962.
3. Kennedy, Paul, The Realities Behind Diplomacy: Background Influences 1865-1980,
London: Fortana Press, 1981.
4. Lauren, Paul G. (ed.), Diplomacy: New Approaches in History, Theory, Policy, New
York: The Free Press, 1979.
5. Palme, Norman, D, & Howard C. Perkins, International Relations, Calcutta:
Scientific Book Agency, 1969.
6. Pannikar, K.M., The Principles and Practice of Diplomacy, Delhi: Ranjeet Printers
and Publishers, 1952.
7. Taylor, A.J.P., The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, London: Oxford University Press,
1965.

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***
Hist. 568: Diplomatic History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist. 568: Diplomatic History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:

This paper is prescribed to meet the following objectives:

 To impart the knowledge of Nepal’s relations with India, China, Tibet and other countries.
 To educate the student with the trend of Nepalese foreign policy.
 To acquaint the ward with the role of Nepal in UN and other regional agencies.
 To familiarize with the economic diplomacy of Nepal.

Unit I Nepalese Foreign Policy: A Historical Perspective 8

1. Determinants of Nepalese Foreign Policy

2. Nepal-India-Tibet-China Relations up to 1768
3. Development of Diplomatic Practices
4. Circumstances Leading to Outbreak of Anglo–Gorkha War and Motives of the War.
5. Sugauli Treaty and Its Impact

Required Readings:

1. Banskota, Purshottam, The Gurkha Connection, Jayapur: Nirala Publications, 1994.

2. Chaudhary, K.C., Anglo- Nepalese Relations, Calcutta: Dinesh Chandra Bose, 1960.
3. Husain, Asad, British India’s Relations with the Kingdom of Nepal, London: George
Allen Unwin, 1970.
4. Majumdar, Kanchanmoy, Political Relations between India and Nepal, Delhi: Munsi
Ram Manohar Lal, 1973.
5. Pradhan, Biswa, Behaviour of Nepalese Foreign Policy, Kathmandu: Mrs. Durga
Devi Pradhan, 1997.
6. Ramakant, Indo- Nepalese Relations, Delhi: S. Chand and Co., 1968.
7. s]= ;L=, ;'/]Gb|, uf]vf{ etL{M syf, Aoyf / cfGbf]ng,
tfKn]h'8M;ljtf k|sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^@
Unit II Innovations in Foreign Policy 12

1. Ranas’ Policy Towards India: Opening of New Avenue

2. Rana Prime Ministers' Visit to Europe
3. Nepalese Role in the Revolt of 1857, World Wars, and During Hyderabad Crisis
4. Friendship Treaty of 1923 and Its Significance
5. The Gorkha Recruitment issue
6. Nepal- India Treaties of 1950

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 62

Required Readings:

1. Banskota, Purshottam, The Gurkha Connection, Jayapur: Nirala Publications, 1994.

2. Husain, Asad, British India’s Relations with the Kingdom of Nepal, London: George
Allen and Unwin, 1970.
3. Majumdar, Kanchanmoy, Political Relations between India and Nepal, Delhi: Munsi
Ram Manohar Lal, 1973.
4. Ramakant, Indo- Nepalese Relations, Delhi: S. Chand and Co., 1968.
5. s]= ;L=, ;'/]Gb|, uf]vf{ etL{M syf, Aoyf / cfGbf]ng,
tfKn]h'8M;ljtf k|sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^@
Unit III Nepal-Tibet-China Relations 12

1. Brief Survey of Nepal- Tibet-China Relations up to 1769.

2. Crises in Nepal –Tibet Relations 1788-92, 1883-84, and 1928-30.
3. Quinquennial Missions to China
4. Nepal’s Role in the Anglo-Tibetan Conflict of 1903-04, and Sino-Tibetan Turmoil of
1908-12.
5. Nepal-China Treaty of 1956 and 1966; Sagarmatha, Mustang and Khampa Issues

Required Readings:

1. Manandhar, Tri Ratna and Tirtha Prasad Mishra, Nepal’s Quinquennial Missions to
China, Kathmandu: Purna Devi and Pushpa Mishra, 1986.
2. Manandhar,Vijay Kumar, A Comprehensive History of Nepal-China Relations up to
1955,Vols.1 & 2, Delhi: Adroit Publications,2004.
3. Mishra, Tirtha Prasad, The Taming of Tibet, Jayapur: Nirala Publications, 1993.
4. Rose, Leo E., Nepal: Strategy for Survival, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1973.
5. Uprety, Prem R., Nepal–Tibet Relations, Kathmandu: Puga Nara, 1980.
6. s]=;L=, ;'/]Gb|,g]kfnsf] s"6gLlts Oltxf;,sf7df08f}M
k}/aL k|sfzg, lj=;++ @)^! .
7. DffgGw/, lq/Tg, g]kfn - ef]6 lajfb, sf7df08f}M
g]=P=c=s]=, lj=;+= @)$! .
8. ld>, tLy{ k|;fb, c+u|]h - ef]6 lajfbdf g]kfnsf] e"ldsf,
sf7df08f}M ;'ldtf kf]v/]n, lj=;+= @)%$ .
9. ld>, tLy{ k|;fb, g]kfn ef]6 ;DaGwdf UofNaf] sf08,
sf7df08f}M a+z ld> k|sfzg, lj=;+ @)%# .
Unit IV Nepal-India Relations 1951-1990 10

1. Era of Special Relationship with India:

a. The Koshi and Gandak Agreements
b. Trade and Transit Treaties of 1960
2. Crises in Nepal-India Relations-1971and1989-90
3. Susta, Kalapani and Mechi Border Issues
4. The Tanakpur Case and the Integrated Treaty of Mahakali

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Required Readings:

1. Muni, S.D., Foreign Policy of Nepal, Delhi: National Publishing House, 1973.
2. Shrestha, Budhi Narayan, Border Management of Nepal, Kathmandu: Bhumichitra
Co., 2003.
3. kf]v/]n, /fhs'df/, g]kfnsf] k"la{ l;dfgfdf ef/tLo cltqmd0f,
sf7df08f}M lg/Gt/ k|sfzg, ldlt cg'Nn]lvt .
4. >]i7, a'l4 gf/fo0f, g]kfnsf] l;dfgf,
sf7df08f}Me"ldlrqs+=, lj= ;+= @)%& .
5. >]i7, a'l4 gf/fo0f, l;df ;+u|fd, sf7df08f}M /Tg;fu/ k|
sfzg, lj= ;+= @)&! .
Unit: V Diversifications in Nepalese Diplomacy 6

1. Nepal and The Non-aligned Movement

2. Nepal and SAARC
3. Nepal and UN
4. Nepal’s Relations with the West (UK, USA and Russia)

Required Readings

1. Maskey, Bishwa Kesher & Dev Raj Dahal, Nepal's Participation in the United
Nations Peace Keeping Operations: Report of the Round Table, Kathmandu: United
Nations Association of Nepal, 1995.
2. Shrestha, Seeta, Nepal and UN, Kathmandu: Sindhu Publications, 1974.

3. Alimov, Yuri Ivanovich, The Rise and Growth of Non-Aligned Movement, Moscow:
Progress, 1987.

References

1. Aris,Michael, & Others (eds.), Tibetan Studies in Honor of Hugh Richardson, Delhi:
Vikas Publishing House, 1980.
2. Basnyat, Prem Singh, Nepalese Army in Tibetan Khampa Disarming Mission,
Kathmandu: Sarwochcha Mana Singh Basnyat, 2007.
3. Dhanalaxmi, Ravuri, British Attitude to Nepal’s Relations with Tibet and China,
Delhi: Bahri Publications, 1981.
4. Landgren, Karin (ed.),Nepal's Peace Process at the United Nations – II, Lalitpur:
Himal Books, 2012.
5. Manandhar, T.R., Some Aspects of Rana Rule In Nepal, Kathmandu: Purna Devi
Manandhar, 1983.
6. Nepali Political Science and Politics, (Nepalese Foreign Policy Issue), No. 6 & 7,
Kathmandu: Political Science Association of Nepal, 1998.
7. Ramakant, Nepal, China and India, New Delhi: Abhinav Prakasan, 1976.
8. Sharma, Jagadish, Nepal Struggle for Existence, Kathmandu: Communications, 1986.

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***

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Hist. 569 A: Current Issues of History in Nepal

(Gender, Human Rights and Peace)

Level - MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist.569 A:Current Issues of History in Nepal (Gender, Human Rights and Peace)
Credits hours 3
Total classes 48
Full Marks 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks 40

Course Objectives:

This course is designed to provide student a historical insight on the current issues of
Nepalese history. The main objective of this course is to make student able to understand
historical dimension of contemporary socio-political issues and its role for change.

Unit I Introduction to the Nepalese Society 8

1. Nepalese Social Structure

2. Evolution and Changes

3. Ethnic and Socio-cultural system

4. Values of Different Social Groups

Required Readings:

1. Chauhan, R.S., Society and State Building in Nepal, New Delhi: Sterling
Publishers,1989.

2. Vaidya, T.R.,. T. R. Manandhar and S. L. Joshi, Social History of Nepal, New Delhi:
Anmol Publications, 1993.

3. vqL, k|]ds'df/ / k]zn bfxfn, cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs Oltxf;,

sf7df8f}+M ;femf k|sfzg , lj=;+= @)%# .
4. zdf{, hgsnfn, xfd|f] ;dfhM Ps cWoog, sf7df8f}+M ;femf k|
sfzg,lj=;+= @)#(.
Unit II Gender Discrimination 10

1. Position of Women: Past and Present

2. Issue of Gender Discrimination- Social, Economic, Political and Legal
3. Movement of Women's Right in Nepal
4. Efforts for Women's Empowerment
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 66

Required Readings:

1. Acharya, Meena, Gender, Equality and Empowerment of Women, A Status Report

submitted to UNFPA, 1997.
2. Cameron, Mary M., On The Edge of the Auspicious: Gender and Caste in Nepal,
Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

3. Maskey, Govinda, Social Life in Nepal, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1996.

4. Mishra, Shanti, Voice of Truth: The Challenges and Struggles of

a Nepalese Woman, New Delhi : Book Faith India, 1994.
5. Sangraula, Yubaraj and Geeta Pathak,Gender and Laws: Nepalese Perspective,
Kathmandu: Pairavi Prakashan, 2002.
6. Upadhya, Shizu, ‘The Status of Women in Nepal-15 Years On,’ Studies in Nepali
History and Society, Vol. 1, No. 2, Dec. 1996, pp. 423-453.

7. sfsL]{, ;'lznf, n}+lus ;dfgtf, sf7df+8f}M k}/jL k|sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^*

Unit III Human Rights in Nepal 10

1. Introduction to the Human Rights in Nepal

2. Human Rights: Legal Provision and Its Practice

3. Issues of Human Rights: Women, Dalit, Deprived class, etc.

4. Role of State and Civil Society

Required Readings:

1. Constitutions of Nepal- From 2004 to 2063 B.S.

2. Cottrell, Jill and Yash Ghai, Human Rights, Diversity and Social Justice, Report of a
Conference Organised by the Constitution Advisory Support Unit, UNDP, 29-30
April 2007, Biratnagar, Nepal.
3. Human Rights in Nepal One Year after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement,
Kathmandu: United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in
Nepal,2007.
4. uf}td, /fh]z, dfgj clwsf/sf] P]ltxfl;s cjwf/0ff, sf7df8f}+M
cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb| -OG;]s_, lj=;+= @)%@ .
5. dfgj clwsf/ ;+ufnf], sf7df8f}+M cgf}krfl/s If]q ;]jf s]Gb|
-OG;]s_, lj=;+=@)%#.
Unit IV Social Exclusion and Inclusion 10

1. Concept of Exclusion and Inclusion

2. Caste and Ethnicity

3. Social Exclusion: Nepalese Practice by Law and Tradition

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4. Ethnic Movement in Nepal

5. Steps taken for Social Inclusion

Required Readings:

1. Chhetri, Ram Bahadur, Tulsi Ram Pandey and Laya Prasad Uprety, Anthropology and
Sociology of Nepal, Kathmandu: Central Department of
Sociology/Anthropology,2010.

2. Guneratna, Arjun, Dalits of Nepal: Towards Dignity, Citizenship and Justice, Nepal
Himal Books for the association for Nepal and Himalayan studies and Social Science
Baha, 2010.
3. Mishra, Chaitanya and Om Gurung (eds.), Ethnicity and Federalisation in Nepal,
Kathmandu: Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, TU, 2012.

4. Unequal Citizens: Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal, Kathmandu: The
World Bank, Nepal and DFID Nepal, 2006.
Unit V Conflict/Insurgency and Peace 10

1. Causes of Conflict in the Society-Political, Social, Economic, Religious

2. Brief Survey of the Nature and Character of the Student Movement (1980), Peasant
Movements (1951-1990), Political Movements (1990 and 2006), Maoist Insurgency
(1992-2006) and Madhesh Movement(2006).

3. Peace Agreements with Maoist Party (2006) and Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (2007)
and its assessment.

Required Readings:

1. Baral, Lok Raj (ed.), Nepal Facets of Maoist Insurgency, New Delhi: Adroit
Publisher, 2011 (Reprint).

2. Brown, T. Louis, The Challenges to Democracy in Nepal, London: Routledge, 1996.

3. Ojha, Meena, Student Politics and Democracy in Nepal, Jayapur: Nirala Publication,
2012.

4. Thapa, Deepak, A Kingdom Under Siege, Kathmandu: The Print House, 2003.

5. Thapa, Shanker, Peasant Insurgence in Nepal 1951-1960, Bhaktapur: Nirmala

K.C.,2001.

6. s]= ;L=, ;'/]Gb|, dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 jftf{ / ljleGg cfof]ux?,

sf7df8f}+M dsfn' k|sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^$ .
7. s]= ;L=, ;'/]Gb|,g]kfn sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] ljut / jt{dfg,
bf]>f] ;+:s/0f, sf7df8f}+M k}/jL k|sfzg, lj= ;+= @)^$ .
8. uf}td, efis/ -;+=_, dw]; lab|f]xsf] gfnLa]nL, sf7df8f}+M
dfl6{g rf}tf/L, lj=;+=@)^$.
67
 68

References:

1. Acharya, Meena, Padma Mathema and Birbhadra Acharya, Women in Nepal, Asian
Development Bank, Programs Department West and Office of Environment and
Social Development, 1999.
2. Bennett, Lynn, The Status of Women in Nepal: Tradition and Change in the Legal
Status of Nepalese Women, Vol. I Part 2, Kathmandu: CEDA, 1979.
3. Bhattachan, Krishna B., et al, Existing Practices of Caste-based Untouchability in
Nepal and Strategy for a Campaign for Its Elimination, Kathmandu: Action Aid
Nepal, 2003.
4. Identity and Society: Social Exclusion and Inclusion in Nepal, Kathmandu: Mandala
Book Point, 2009.
5. Joe, Arun, Constructing Dalit Identity, Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2007.
6. Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare Organization, Ethnographic Study of Hill Dalits
in Nepal, Lalitpur: Nepal National Dalit Social Welfare Organization, 2006.
7. Thapa, Deepak (ed.), Understanding the Maoist Movement of Nepal, Kathmandu:
Martin Chautari, 2003.
8. Sukhadeo Thorat, Umakant (ed.), Caste, Race and Discrimination: Discourses in
International Context, New Delhi: Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, 2004.
9. Upreti, B.C., Maoists in Nepal: From Insurgency to Political Mainstream, New
Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2008.

***

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Hist. 569 B: Cultural and Religious History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist.569 B: Cultural and Religious History Of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The general objective of this course of study is to provide general outline and structure of
Nepal’s cultural and religious history. Since the themes chosen so far are very much
significant and directly concerned with the lives of people, it further intends to offer special
insight into the historical knowledge focusing on historical set up of religions in Nepal,
cultural structure, religious and cultural heritages and lives of people in relation with cultural
and religious behaviour.
Unit I Religion and Culture: Concepts and Methods 12
1. Meaning and Scope of Religion and Culture
2. Religion as the Human Phenomenon – Methods to Study
3. The Conceptual bases –
a. Little and the Great Tradition.
b. The Theory of Sacred Complex.
4. Cultural History
a. What is Cultural History?
b. Culture as History
c. Conceptual Bases – Structure, Construct, Identity, Crisis.
Required Readings:
1. Acharya, Prasanta Kumar, Sacred Complex of Budhi Santani: Anthropological
Approach to Study Hindu Civilization, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company,
2003.
2. Burke, Peter, What Is Cultural History?, 2nd ed., London: Polity Press, 2004.
3. Eagleton, Terry, The Idea of Culture, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000.
4. Sewell, William H., “The Concept of Culture,” In: Spiegel, Gabrielle M. (ed.),
Practicing History: New Directions in Historical Writing, London: Routledge,
2005.
5. Smith, Morton, ‘Historical Method in the Study of Religion’, History and
Theory, Vol. 8, 1968.
6. Susman, Warren, Culture as History, 2nd ed., NY: Smithsonian, 2003.
7. Vidyarthi, L. P., Sacred Complex of Hindu Gaya, New Delhi: Concept Publishing
Company, 1978.

Unit II Some Aspects of Nepalese Culture 8

1. Meaning and Structure of Nepalese Culture

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 70

2. Brief Survey of Religious and Cultural Development

3. Cultural dichotomy – Aryan and the non - Aryan
Required Readings:
1. Acharya, Madhu Raman, Nepal: Culture Shift: Reinventing Culture in The
Himalayan Kingdom, Delhi: Adroit Publishers, 2002.
2. Ghosh, Narendra Nath, Indo-Aryan Literature and Culture, Varanasi:
Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1965.

Unit III History of Religions in Nepal 13

1. Development of Hinduism in Nepal
2. Arrival of Buddhism and Subsequent Progress
3. Historical Arrival of Islam in Nepal
4. History of Christianity in Nepal and Recent Development
5. Other Religions and Cults
Required Readings:
1. Michaels, Axel, Hinduism: Past and Present, Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 2004.
2. Perry, Cindy, A Biographical History of the Church in Nepal, Kathmandu: Nepal
Church History Project, 2000.
3. Shrestha, Khadga Man, History of Buddhism in Nepal, Kathmandu: Kamala Devi
Shrestha, 2008.
4. Thapa, Shanker, 'Ethnic Variation of Nepal's Muslim Minority', ISIMNewsletter,
No.6, 2000, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
5. Thapa, Shanker, 'History of Nepalese Buddhism: From Mythological Tradition to
the Licchavi Period', Voice of History, Vol. XVI, No. 2, Dec. 2001.
6. Thapa, Shanker, Newar Buddhism: History, Scholarship and Literature, Lalitpur:
Nagarjuna Publications, 2005.
7. /]UdL, hubLzrGb|, g]kfnsf] wfld{s Oltxf;, sf7df8f}+M
ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/, lj= ;+= @)&! .

Unit IV Religious and Cultural Heritage of Nepal 10

1. Tangible and Intangible Heritages –
[Monuments, Art, Rituals, Observances]
2. Book Culture as the Religious Heritage –
a. Overview of Ancient Book Culture
b. Hindu-Buddhist Religious Texts - [History, Writing, and Usage in
Ancient and Medieval Nepal]
Required Readings:
1. Iltis, Linda Luis, The Swasthānī Vrata: Newar Women and Ritual in Nepal, Vol.
3, Madison: University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.

2. Oestigaard, Terje, The Deceased's Life Cycle Rituals in Nepal: Present

Cremation Burials for the Interpretations of the Past, London: British
Archaeological Reports, 2000.

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 71

3. Slusser, Mary Shepherd , Gautama Vajra Vajrācārya and Manuela Fuller, Art and
Culture of Nepal: Selected Papers, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point, 2005.

4. Thapa, Shanker, Buddhist Sanskrit Literature of Nepal, Seoul: Minjoksa

Publishing Co., 2005.

Unit V Religious and Cultural Lives 5

1. Overview of Religious Practices in Nepal [Ref. to Hinduism and Buddhism]
2. The Hindu and Buddhist Pilgrimages in Nepal.
3. Cultural and Religious Festivals:
a. Theoretical Aspects
b. Significance of Festivals - Dashain, Vesakha Purnima, Lhosar, Bisket,
Matsendranath Jatra, Chhath Parva, Maghi, Gaura and Udhauli Ubhauli.
4. Nepalese Folk Culture: Masks and Mask Dances of Nepal.
Required Readings:
1. Bhardwaj, Surinder Mohan, Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India: A Study in
Cultural Geography, California: University of California Press, 1983.
2. Pratt,James Bissett, The Pilgrimage of Buddhism and a Buddhist Pilgrimage,
New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1996.
3. Shakya, Min Bahadur (tr.), Svayambhu Purana, Lalitpur: Nagarjuna Institute of
Exact Methods, 2001.
4. Thapa, Shanker, ‘Man and Masks: History, Phenomenology and the Art of
Expression,’ Rolamba, Vol. XV, Nos. 1-2, Lalitpur, 2006.
References:
1. Anderson, Mary, Festivals of Nepal, New Delhi: Rupa & Co.,
2005.
2. Locke, John, Karunamaya: The cult of Avalokitesvara,
Kathmandu: Sahayogi, 1980.

***

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Hist. 569 C: Regional History of Nepal

Level: MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist. 569 C: Regional History of Nepal
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: 48
Full Marks: 100 [Theory 60 / Practical 40]
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:
The objective of this course is to make a general survey of the Regional history of Nepal up to
1804. This course aims to impart basic knowledge of Various Principalities of Nepal from
Medieval period to modern period.
Unit I Origin, Growth and Fall of Principalities 15
1. Khasiya Malla Kingdom
2. Baise and Chaubise States
3. Doya Principality of Tirahut
4. Malla Kingdomsof Kathmandu Valley
5. Sena States (Palpa, Makwanpur and Vijaypur)

Required Readings:
1. Adhikary, Suryamani, The Khasa Kingdom, New Delhi: Nirala Publications, 1997 .
2. Pande, Ram Nivas, Making of Modern Nepal, New Delhi: Nirala Publications, 1997.
3. Regmi, D.R., Medieval Nepal(Vol.I,II),New Delhi: Rupa and co.(latest edition),
2007 .
4. vgfn, df]xgk|;fb, l;d/f}gu9sf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}FM g]kfn /
PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%^ .
5. l3ld/], lji0f'k|;fb,kfNkf /fHosf] Oltxf; -efu–!_, lrtjgM >LdtL
kb\df l3ld/], lj=;+= @)^( .
6. ;'j]bL, /fhf/fd,s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] dWosfnLg Oltxf;,
sf7df8f}FM ;femf k|sfzg, lj=;+= @)%$ .

Unit II Political History of Petty States 15

1. Baisiand Chaubise States
2. Malla Kingdoms of Kathmandu Valley
3. Doya Principality of Tirahut
4. SenaStates

Required Readings:
1. Das, Basudev Lal, The Senas of Makawanpur, Birganj: Bharati Nilaya, 2010.
2. Slusser,Mary Shepherd,Nepal Mandala, Vol.1, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point,
1998.
3. pkfWofo, z+s/s'df/, l;d/f}gu9sf] Oltxf;, jL/u+hM z+s/ s'df/
pkfWofo, lj=;+= @)%^.
4. ;'j]bL, /fhf/fd, jfO;L /fHosf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf, sf7df8f}FM g]kfn
/ PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%% .
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Unit III Socio-Cultural and Administrative Systems in Baisi and Chaubisi States 10
1. Social Structure - Caste.
2. Cultural Systems - Festivals and Folk Culture.
3. General Sketch of Administrative Structure.
Required Readings:
1. Maskey, Govinda, Social Life in Nepal, New Delhi: Anmol Publication, 1996.
2. clwsf/L, ;"o{dl0f, jfO;] /fHosf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}FM
e'F8Lk'/f0f k|sfzg, lj=;+= @)^) .
3. ;'j]bL, /fhf/fd, 8f]6Lsf] Oltxf;, ef]hk'/M /0faxfb'/ /fO{, lj=;
+= @)%^ .
4. zdf{, l8NnL/fh, u08sL k|;|j0fIf]qsf] ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf,
sf7df8f}FM g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)^) .
5. zdf{, hgsnfn, xfd|f] ;dfh Ps cWoog, sf7df8f}FM ;femf k|
sfzg, lj=;+= @)$( -låtLo ;++:s/0f_ .
6. >]i7, ljxf/Ls[i0f, s0ff{nL nf]s ;+:s[lt -v08–#_, sf7df8f}FM
g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg, lj=;+= @)@* .
Unit IV Inter State Relations 8
1. Baise
2. Chaubise
3. Mallas of Kathmandu Valley
4. Senas

Required Readings:
1. Adhikari, Suryamani, The Khasa Kingdom, Jaipur: Nirala Publications, 1988.
2. clwsf/L, ;"o{dl0f,klZrd g]kfnsf] vz clw/fHo, sf7df8f}FM
g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%# .
3. vgfn, df]xgk|;fb, ;]g/fHosf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;, sf7df8f}FM
g]kfn / PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)^! .
4. b]jsf]6f, /Tgfs/, a[xt\ h'Dnf /fHosf] P]ltxfl;s ljj]rgf,
sf7df8f}FM /Tgfs/ b]jsf]6f, lj=;+= @)^$ .
5. >]i7, 6]saxfb'/,kj{t /fHosf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf,sf7df08f}M g]kfn
/ PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%( .
References:
1. Agrawal, H. N., The Administrative System of Nepal, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing
House, 1976.
2. Hamilton, Francis Buchanan, An Account of The Kingdom of Nepal, New Delhi:
Asian Educational Service, 1986.
3. Sinha, C.P.N., Mithila Under the Karnatas, Patna: Janaki Prakashan, 1979.
4. cfrfo{, afa'/fd, >L % a8fdxf/fhflw/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;
+lIfKt hLjgL -efu–!,@_,sf7df8f}FM >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf
k|]; ;lrjfno, lj= ;+= @)@$ .
5. cfrfo{, afa'/fd,>L % a8fdxf/fhflw/fh k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] ;
+lIfKt hLjgL -efu–#_,sf7df8f}FM >L % dxf/fhflw/fhsf k|d'v ;
+jfb ;lrjfno, lj=;+= @)@% .
6. g]kfn, 1fgdl0f, k"j{ dWosfnsf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}FM g]kfn /
PlzofnL cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%# .
7. g]kfn, k"0f{k|sfz, l;+hfsf] P]ltxfl;s ?k/]vf, lj/f6gu/M k|ltef
k'/:sf/ k|lti7fg, lj=;+= @)$@ .
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8. kGt, lbg]z/fh, uf]/vfsf] Oltxf; -klxnf] efu_, sf7df8f}FM

lbg]z/fh kGt, lj=;+= @)$! .
9. j}B, t'n;L/fd / eb|/Tg jh|frfo{, dWosflns g]kfnsf] k|zf;lgs
Oltxf; -*&(–!&^( O{=_, sf7df8f}FM g]kfn / PlzofnL
cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj=;+= @)%% .
10. ;'j]bL, /fhf/fd,sf:sLsf] Oltxf;, sf7df8f}FM ljBfyL{ k':ts e08f/,
lj=;+= @)^!.

***

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Hist. 570: Thesis Writing

Level: MA
Term: Fourth Semester
Course: Hist.570: Thesis Writing
Credits hours: 3
Total classes: -
Full Marks: 100
Pass Marks: 40

Course Objectives:

The main objective of this syllabus is to make students capable in pursuing

independent researches on historical problems. As part of preparing them, they are trained in
historical research methodology in the ‘First Semester’. They use the knowledge of historical
research methods gained during that term while writing thesis in the fourth semester.
Students writing thesis as the course requirement are advised to follow guidelines.

General Information about the Course

1. Hist. 570 - Thesis is a compulsory paper. So, all the students require to take this course.

2. Failure in passing the Viva Voce examination will result in non-completion of MA in

history.

3. This is to be understood as the ‘guided research’.

4. Students are required to submit their research activities and report in the form of a thesis.

5. Students are evaluated on the basis of the thesis submitted so far.

6. Students are subjected to pay all the course fees as decided by the Department.

Registration for the Course

1. Fourth semester students require to submit research proposal for thesis writing before the
end of the term. However, they can also submit proposal prior to this date if they desire
so.

2. To begin the topic selection process, they may do it individually or contact preferably the
‘Head of the Department.’ They are not, however restricted from contacting other
‘Faculties’ in the ‘Department’ to discuss and finalize the topic for research.

3. Once they finalize the topic, they require filling up a form and submitting to the Head of
the Department. He with the suggestion of other faculties may provide further guidelines
for students if deemed necessary.

Submission of the Research Proposal

1. Once the title is approved by the Department, students require writing a research proposal
in the prescribed format and submitting to the department.

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2. The Research Committee in the Central Department of History (CDH) will look after the
proposal to accept, modify or reject.

3. Students are asked to present their proposal in the Research Committee.

4. Students are required to revise their proposal as suggested by the Research Committee
and re-submit it.

5. The Head of the Research Committee will go through with the re-submitted proposal.

Appointment of the Supervisor

1. Every student will be provided with a Thesis Supervisor from among the faculties in the
Department.

2. Supervisor is the one who is in the charge of entire research work to be pursued by the
Department.

3. Once the Supervisor is appointed, students are advised to contact and discuss their
proposal with the Supervisor.

4. The Supervisor can provide suggestions on the topic and the entire proposal.

5. However, any change in the approved proposal is subjected to the approval of the
Research Committee.

6. The student must complete thesis work in regular contact with the Supervisor.

7. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor to provide proper guidance to the student and
support him/her to produce an up-to-date thesis.

Submitting the Thesis

1. Thesis must be produced according to the accepted norms paying attention on size,
spaces, printing, formatting, etc.
2. For further information on it, students my contact the Department.

3. Thesis can be submitted only with the approval of the Supervisor.

4. The first submission is done in loose binding.

5. Research Committee handovers thesis to one of the experts for preliminary checking.

6. After it is done, thesis is dispatched to the external examiner for final evaluation.

7. Then Department arranges viva voce examination in the presence of the Research
Committee, External Examiner, the Student and other Faculty members.

8. After successful completion of the viva voce, thesis is evaluated and graded.

Final Submission

1. Students are obliged to incorporate every suggestion they receive during viva voce
examination.

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2. Three copies of hard bound theses are to be submitted to the Department bearing the
signatures of the Supervisor, the External Examiner and the Head of the Department in
appropriate places.

Required Readings:

1. Hatmaker, Amy, ‘Chicago Manual/Turabian Manual Quick Reference Guide,’ 2009,

www.uhv.edu/StudentSuccessCenter/style/pdf/Turabian.Quick.Guide.pdf

2. Lipson, Charles, Cite Right - A Quick Guide to Citation Styles MLA, APA, Chicago, the
Sciences, Professions, and More, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

3. MLA Citation Methods, www.uis.edu/academicintegrity/wp-

content/uploads/sites/22/2013/ 03/MLAHandout2010.pdf

4. Murray, Rowena, How to Write a Thesis, Third edition, Berkshire: Open University Press,
2011.

5. Thesis and Dissertation Formatting and Filing Guide, Ucla, 2012,

www.grad.ucla.edu/gasaa /etd/thesisguide.pdf

6. Thesis and Dissertation Formatting Guidelines, www.du.edu/media/documents/graduates/

formatting.pdf

7. Thesis Format Guide – Clark University, 2013,www.clarku.edu/graduate/current/format

Guides/ thesis-format-guide.pdf

8. Turabian and Chicago Styles Citations, www.otago.ac.nz/library/pdf/chicago-

turabianstyle.pdf

9. Turabian, Kate L., A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations,
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

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APPLICATION FORM FOR THESIS

REGISTRATION

1. Name of the Student

2. Batch Year Roll No.
3. Contact No. Address

4. Completed Courses (Mention course codes passed in each semester):

First Semester Second Semester Third Semester Fourth Semester
a
b
c
d
e
Proposed Title
5.
of Research

6. Brief Outline of the Research Title in 200 words - (Attach a separate computer typed page):

FOR OFFICE USE ONLY [Don’t write below this line]

1. Approved
Title
2. Name of the Supervisor

3. Fees paid

4.
Opinion of the
HOD (if any)

5.
Signature of the
Date
Head of the Dept.

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6.
Signature of the
Date
Student

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