To the Strongest!

Army Lists - Cradle of Civilization

These army lists have been written for use with the To the Strongest! wargames rules.

The lists here are what I call "basic" lists to get players going. The use of the lists is
explained more fully in the rules.

The lists are designed to produce armies in the 100-160 point range. Most of the army
lists will Include a small number of units drawn from the list's potential allies. If a larger
allied contingent is desired, then the best way to tackle this is to build a separate
contingent from the appropriate army list of the allies. In this case the player will, in
effect, each build their own slightly smaller army, and the total agreed points value
should be adjusted up to around 200 points (or perhaps a little more).

These lists are free and can be downloaded from BigRedBat's shop, which can be found
at www.bigredbatshop.co.uk, where the rules are also sold. To see how I intend the lists
to look like eventually, see the Late Roman list in the shop.

Each week I add several new army lists, and the best way to hear about the latest
updates is to like the "To the Strongest!" Facebook site at:
https://www.facebook.com/TotheStrongestWargaming

© Simon Miller, 2017

17/7/17 - added Hittite Old and Middle kingdom list, edited New Kingdon Egyptian list.
14/7/17 - added Mitanni list.
1/7/17 - added Hyksos list.
13/5/17 - added Libyan list.
9/3/17 - added Western Anatolian list.
18/2/17 - added Minoan and Early Mycenean and Later Mycenean and Trojan War lists.
11/4/16 - edits to the infantry in the New Kingdom Egyptian and Hittite Empire lists.
es rules.

ists is

the army
If a larger
ate
will, in
value

be found
d the lists

est

ptian list.

War lists.
e lists.
Nubian 3000 BCE - 760 BCE
This list covers the Nubians from pre-history until the beginning of the Kushite period.
Unit Description
Attached general on foot
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior
Heroes
Warriors
Nubian warriors
Upgrade warriors to fanatics
Light infantry other, bow
Nubian archers Upgrade light infantry other, bow to veteran
Upgrade to light infantry other to bowmen
Upgrade bowmen to bowmen, veteran
Nubian skirmishers Light infantry javelin, raw
Camp Camp
Notes - The Nubians had a great reputation for archery. They also served as mercenaries and
may consequently upgrade some units to veteran. The option to upgrade warriors to fanatics
reflects the reputation for ferocity of the Nubian warrior. Any light infantry may use the combi
lights rule.
f the Kushite period.
Cos
Number Save
t
1-3 2+ 4
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
4-8 - 1
1-2 7+ 10
Any 8+ 10
8-16 8+ 4
Up to 1/5 7+ 5
Any 8+ 7
Up to 1/5 7+ 9
0-2 7+ 4
1-3 - 1
served as mercenaries and
pgrade warriors to fanatics
t infantry may use the combined
Libyan 3000 BCE - 74 BCE
This list covers the armies of the native Libyans (with the exception of the coastal Greek-rules
until the region was absorbed by the Romans.
Unit Description
Attached general on foot
Upgrade general to mounted (on chariot)
Generals
Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior
Heroes
Light chariots, bow
Upgrade light chariots bow to light chariots
Libyan chariots bow, veteran
Upgrade light chariots bow to heavy
chariots, lance
Replace chariots with light cavalry javelin
Light infantry javelin, raw
Upgrade light infantry javelin, raw to light
infantry
Upgrade light infantry javelin, raw to light
Libyan warriors
infantry
Upgrade light infantry to warriors, deep
Upgrade light infantry or warriors, deep to
veteran
Libyan archers Light infantry other, bow
Camp Camp
Allies - Sea Peoples
* After 1250 BCE
** After 660 BCE
*** After 475 BCE
**** Only two units, in total, may be upgraded to veteran.
***** After 215 BCE
Background: The ancient Libyan tribes were a thorn in the side of Ancient Egypt. With so very
light infantry they constitute a most unusual army, in TtS! terms. Initially composed almost ent
shieldless, near naked skirmishers, the Libyans later introduced Egyptian-style chariots and br
swords to arm some of their warriors. Early Libyans appear to have lacked shields but gained
limited protection from animal skin cloaks- later they began to use round shields. Herodotus su
that some Libyans rode four horse chariots. I have assumed that chariots were later supplante
light cavalry on the Numidian model, once suitable riding horses became available.
Many thanks to Marco Cardano, who wrote the first draft of this list.
 n of the coastal Greek-rules cities)

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 4
0-2 2+ +1
Half or more +1 +1
0-1 - +1
3-5 - 1
2-4* 7+ 5

0-2**** 6+ 6

Any** 6+ 12
All***** 7+ 5
12-24 8+ 3
Up to half 7+ 4
All*** 7+ 4
Up to 1/8** 7+ 10
+1/+
0-2***** 7+
3
0-8 8+ 4
1-3 - 1

Ancient Egypt. With so very many

nitially composed almost entirely of
gyptian-style chariots and bronze
e lacked shields but gained some
e round shields. Herodotus suggests
hariots were later supplanted by
became available.
st.
Canaanite and Syrian City States 1700 BCE - 1100 BCE
This list covers the city states of Canaan and Syria including Ugarit.
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted in chariot)
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Light chariots, javelin
Canaanite/Syrian Chariotry Upgrade chariots to veteran
Upgrade chariots with extra bow
Chariot, lance
Ugaritic Chariotry
Upgrade chariots to veteran
Syrian, Ugaritic or Caananite Javelinmen, raw
infantry Upgrade javelinmen, raw to javelinmen
Syrian, Ugaritic or Canaanite Bowmen, raw
archers Upgrade bowmen, raw to bowmen
Sea Peoples mercenaries Auxiliaries, raw
Skirmishing javelinmen Light infantry javelin, raw
Skirmishing archers or
Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
slingers
Camp Camp
Allies - Mitanni, New Kingdom Egyptians
* Only after 1350 BC
** Ugaritic chariots have 2 hits and are treated as if lance-armed, i.e.with a bonus card in thei
charge.
Notes - The Syrian and Caananite chariots were primarily intended for skirmishing but were sl
heavier than their Egyptian equivalents, which has been represented by them with javelin rath
than bow (although they may upgrade with extra bow).
100 BCE
it.
Number Save Cost
1-3 2+ 5
Half or more +1 +1
0-1 - +1
3-6 - 1
6-12 7+ 5
Up to one
6+ 7
third
Any - +1
0-2*/** 7+ 9
Up to half 6+ 11
5-10 8+ 5
0-1 7+ 7
2-4 9+ 5
0-1 8+ 7
0-1* 7+ 6
0-2 8+ 3
0-3 9+ 3
1-3 - 1

i.e.with a bonus card in their first

d for skirmishing but were slightly

ted by them with javelin rather
Hittite Old and Middle Kingdom 1680 - 1380 BCE
This list covers the Hittite kingdom from its foundation by the semi-legendary Labarnas possib
1680 BCE, until the accession of Suppiluliumas about 1380 BCE, and Includes the Old and Mid
Kingdom periods.
Unit type Description
Attached general (mounted in chariot)
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Chariot bow
Light chariot bow
Hittite chariotry Upgrade chariots bow to chariots bow,
veteran or light chariots bow to light
chariots bow, veteran
Sickle-sword men Auxiliares
Spearmen
Hittite or Anatolian infantry
Upgrade spearmen to spearmen, veteran
Anatolian mountain Javelinmen
tribesmen Downgrade javelinmen to javelinmen, raw
Anatolian archers Bowmen, raw
Mobs, deep
Hupshu conscripts
Upgrade mobs, deep to javelinmen, raw
Light infantry javelin, raw
Hittite skirmishers
Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
Camp Camp
Allies -
Notes - There is some uncertainty about whether Hittite charios had three crew (=chariots) or
(=light chariots). It has been suggested that Egyptian art depicted a chariot runner as on boar
chariot. I have given players both options; all chariots must be of the same type. If the latter (m
modern theory) is chosen, Hittite lght infantry with javelin may act as chariot runners support
chariots using the "combined lights" rule.
Historical background - Historical background - Around 2000 BCE the Hittites, a population of
shepherds originating, perhaps, from the Ukraine, founded a kingdom on the Anatolian platea
present-day Turkey. From the “Hatti” lands surrounding Hattusa (their capital) and Neša, the
raided extensively, as far as Mesopotamia and Syria. This list covers their Old and Middle King
The Hittite New Kingdom is covered by the Hittite Empire list.
Many thanks to Marco Cardano who wrote this list, which I edited.
CE
i-legendary Labarnas possibly circa
and Includes the Old and Middle

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 5
Half or
+1 6
more
0-1 - +1
3-6 - 1
9
5-10 7+
5

Up to half 6+ 11/6

1-3 6+ 8
4-8 7+ 7
0-1 7+ 9
0-2 7+ 7
Any 8+ 5
1-3 9+ 5
0-2 8+ 7
Any 8+ 5
2-6 8+ 3
0-2 9+ 3
1-3 - 1

ad three crew (=chariots) or two crew

d a chariot runner as on board the
he same type. If the latter (more
t as chariot runners supporting light

the Hittites, a population of nomadic

dom on the Anatolian plateau in
their capital) and Neša, the Hittites
rs their Old and Middle Kingdoms.

.
Hyksos 1650 BCE - 1535 BCE
This list covers the invaders who controlled the north of Egypt from c.1650 BCE, until their
defeat by the Egyptian kingdom of Upper Egypt in 1535 BCE.
Unit Description Number
Attached general (mounted in chariot) 1-4
Generals Upgrade to heroic 0-2
Upgrade to senior (in chariot) 0-1
Heroes 3-6
Light chariots, bow 5-10
Hyksos chariotry Upgrade light chariots bow to light chariots Up to
bow, veteran half
Javelinmen, raw or spearmen, raw 5-10
Hyksos warriors Upgrade javelinmen, raw to javelinmen or
0-1
spearmen, raw to spearmen
Amorrites or Canaanite Bowmen, raw 2-4
archers Up to
Upgrade bowmen, raw to bowmen
half
Habiru followers Mobs, deep, raw, javelin 1-3
Libyan mercenaries Light infantry javelin, raw 0-2*
Skirmishing Caananites or
Light infantry, javelin, raw 0-2
Egyptians
Skirmishing Aamu Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw 0-3
Camp Camp 1-3
Allies -
* Only after 1600 BCE
Notes -
Many thanks to Marco Cardano who wrote this list, which I edited.
BCE, until their

Save Cost
2+ 5
+1 +1
- +1
- 1
8+ 5

7+ 6

8+ 5

7+ 7

9+ 5
8+ 7
8+ 4
8+ 3
8+ 3
9+ 3
- 1
Mitanni (Hurrites) 1600 BCE - 1274 BCE
This list covers he eastern branch established the Mitannian empire, which comprised several
states and provinces.
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted in chariot)
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (mounted in chariot)
Heroes
Maryannu chariotry Light chariots bow, veteran
Vassal or provincial charitory Light chariots, javelin
Maar Shipri scouts Light cavalry/camelry, javelin
Alik Ilki warriors Javelinmen
Bowmen, raw
Alik Ilki and Hurrite archers
Upgrade bowmen, raw to bowmen
Ashshabu levy Mobs, javelin, deep
Nomad mercenaries Javelinmen
Skirmishing Habiru or
Light infantry, javelin, raw
Akhalamu
Skirmishing Habiru or
Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
Naharin
Camp Camp
Allies - Nomads, Caananite and Syrian (before 2350 BCE) or Hittite Empire (after 1350 BCE)
* Only after 1400 BCE
Notes - Maryannu charioteeers were an armoured and well trained elite and so have been clas
veteran.
Many thanks to Marco Cardano who wrote this list, which I edited.
re, which comprised several vassal

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 5
0-2 3+ 6
0-1 - +1
3-5 - 1
2-6 7+ 6
2-6 7+ 5
0-1* 7+ 5
2-4 7+ 7
1-3 9+ 5
0-1 8+ 7
0-3 8+ 7
0-1 7+ 7
1-3 9+ 3
0-3 9+ 3
1-3 - 1
te Empire (after 1350 BCE)

d elite and so have been classed as

.
Minoan and Early Mycenean 1600 BCE - 1250 BCE
This list covers armies of the palace state period from the adoption of the chariot until the shift to
a more "heroic" style of warfare at some time before 1200 BCE.
Unit Description Number
Attached general on foot 1-4
Upgrade from foot to mounted in chariot Any
Generals
Upgrade to heroic Any
Upgrade to senior 0-1
Hero (must be attached to chariot or
Heroes 2-6
promachoi swordsmen units
Box and dual chariots with Chariot, lance 2-8
driver and warrior with long Upgrade chariots, lance to chariots, lance,
Up to
spear veteran to reflect experience, enthusiasm
half
and/or Dendra armour
Skirmishing and Light chariots javelin
0-2
quadrilateral chariots Light chariots bow
Spearmen, deep, pavise 4-10
Downgrade inexperiencd or less well drilled
Spearmen with enkhos Up to
spearmen, deep, pavise to spearmen, deep,
(spear) and sakos (tower or half
pavise, raw
figure-of-eight shield) Add rear ranks of archers to spear units as Up to
extra bow/missile weapons half
Promachoi champions with Javelinmen, replacing javelins with shock
0-3*
pakana (sword) weapons, veteran, small unit
Javelinmen 0-2
Light infantry javelin 1-3
Pylians, Nubians/Libyans**,
Light infantry other, bow or sling 1-3
Anatolians and others
Downgrade any light infantry to raw Any
Bowmen 0-1
Greek, Thracian or Anatolian Warriors 0-1
"barbarians"*** Downgrade warriors to raw Any
Camps 1-3
Other
Fortifications, per 1 box-side length 0-6
Allies - Minoan or Mycenaean states, New Kingdom Egypt, Hittite Empire, Western Anatolia kingd
* Promachoi appear to have enjoyed an elite status and may have acted as a sort of forlorn hope,
launching fast and fierce attacks to disorganize or break up enemy spearmen. They may not use
their shock weapons as missile weapons. They may exchange places with a spear unit in the same
box as a simple rather than a difficult activation.
** Based on the fresco "The Captain of the Blacks" from Knossos which appears to show black
African javelinmen in Mycenaean or Minoan employment around 1400 BCE.
*** Barbarians are based on another fresco, from Pylos, which shows men in animal skin clothing
dueling with Pylian Light Infantry. Stillman and Tallis speculate these could be from North West
Greece and might be the "shaggy people of the wilds" referred to in the Iliad. Similar warbands
might equally have come from Thrace or Anatolia.
Notes - This list is largely based on the "Armies of the Ancient Near East" by Nigel Stillman and
Nigel Tallis and "The Mycenaeans" by Nicolas Grguric. The core of the army was provided by a
phalanx of close order spearmen employing 12' spears, wielded two-handed and protected by
very large shields. The spearmen were well supported by skirmishers and possibly more
organized light troops. Chariots provided a mobile striking force and, in comparison with Middle
Eastern contemporaries, were more strongly built, perhaps reflecting the more challenging
Greek terrain.
Huge thanks to Nicholas Stock who wrote this list.
 ariot until the shift to

Save Cost
2+ 4
- +1
+1 +1
- +1

- 1

7+ 9

6+ 11

7+ 5
8+ 5
7+ 11

8+ 8

- +2

6+ 5

7+ 7
7+ 4
8+ 4
8+/9+ 3
8+ 7
7+ 10
8+ 7
- 1
- 1
Western Anatolia kingd
sort of forlorn hope,
n. They may not use
spear unit in the same

ears to show black

animal skin clothing

be from North West
d. Similar warbands
 y Nigel Stillman and
was provided by a
and protected by
ossibly more
mparison with Middle
ore challenging
Western Anatolian 1600 BCE - 1180 BCE
This list covers the various city and tribal territories in Western Anatolia from the adoption of
chariots to the fall of the Hittite empire. Arzawa, Assuwa , Lukka, Wilusiya, Pala and Kaska, amon
others, were neighbors, allies and enemies of each other and the contemporary Hittites and
Mycenaeans. The Hittites occasionally overran and made turbulent vassals of part of this area, w
the Mycenaeans established cities along the western seaboard. Some states even maintained
diplomatic relations with Egypt.
Unit Description Number
Attached general on foot 1-4
Upgrade to heroic Any or all
Generals
Upgrade to mounted in a chariot Any or all
Upgrade to senior in chariot or on foot 0-1
Heroes 3-8
Chariots javelin or (Hittite style) lance 0-6
Upgrade chariots javelin or lance with extra
Confederacy charioteers Any
bow Up to
Upgrade chariots javelin or lance to veteran
half***
Light chariots javelin 0-4
Tribal charioteers Upgrade light chariots to light chariots,
0-1***
veteran
Javelinmen 6**-10
Confederacy spearman Downgrade javelinmen to javelinmen, raw Any or all
Upgrade javelinmen to javelinmen, veteran 0-1***
Warriors, deep 4*-10
Downgrade warriors, deep to warriors,
Up to half
deep, raw
Tribal warriors Upgrade warriors, deep to warriors, deep,
0-1***
veteran as nobles
Upgrade warriors, deep (such as Lukka)
0-3
with 2HCCW
Light infantry javelin, raw 4-8
Skirmishers and Light infantry other, bow or sling 0-4
mountaineers Downgrade light infantry other, bow or sling
Any or all
to light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
Hittite advisors Spearmen
0-1
Mycenean advisors Spearmen, deep, pavise
Camp Camp 1-3
Fortification for camp Fortifications per one box-side length 0-5
Allies - Early or Late Mycenaean, Hittite Empire, Sea Peoples
* Minimum applies only if any tribal charioteers are taken
** Minimum applies only if any confederacy charioteers are taken
*** No more than three veteran units may be fielded
Notes: During the general period of chaos after around 1250 BCE the Anatolians participated in t
destruction of the Hittite empire, and appear to have contributed substantially to the Sea Peoples
migrations - the Teresh, Lukka, Denyen and Peleset have all been ascribed Anatolian origins.Armi
may represent a "confederacy" of relatively wealthy agrarian, royal or city states, such as Arzawa
Assuya, or a "tribal" force such as the Kaskans and Lukka, or an informal combination of both,
operating together. The Mycenaeans and Hittites both appear to have intervened in the affairs of
these states (and vice versa) so a small group of "advisers" from one or other is catered for in the
list. Alternatively you can field one of these forces as a full allied contingent. Wealthier states field
well equipped chariotry and could mount naval expeditions. However, it is likely that many armie
relied primarily on infantry, would have fielded plenty of light troops and made maximum use of
rough terrain.

This list is primarily based on Armies of the Ancient Near East (Stillman and Tallis), Sea Peoples o
the Bronze Age Mediterranean (D'Amato and Salimbeti) , while "The History Files" website is ver
helpful in giving a bit of an impression of the history of the area in the bronze age.
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/MainFeaturesMiddEast.htm
With thanks to Nicholas Stock who wrote this list.
the adoption of
la and Kaska, amongst
y Hittites and
part of this area, while
ven maintained

Save Cost
2+ 4
+1 +1
- +1
- +1
- 1
7+ 9
- +2
6+ +2
7+ 5
6+ 6
7+ 7
8+ 5
6+ 9
7+ 10
8+ 7

6+ 13

- +1
8+ 3
8+ 4

9+ 3

7+ 7
7+ 11
- 1
- 1
 ns participated in the
to the Sea Peoples
atolian origins.Armies
tes, such as Arzawa or
bination of both,
ned in the affairs of
s catered for in the
Wealthier states fielded
ly that many armies
e maximum use of

allis), Sea Peoples of

iles" website is very
age.
New Kingdom Egyptian 1570 BCE - 1069 BCE
The New Kingdom Egyptian armies added charots, adopted from their Hyksos foes, to the infa
of the Middle Kingdom.
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted in chariot)
Upgrade to heroic
Generals Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Upgrade senior, heroic attached general to
great leader as Ramesses II , 1279 to 1440
BCE.
Heroes
Light chariots, bow
Egyptian chariots
Upgrade light chariots to veteran
Egyptian Shardana Royal
Auxiliaries
Guard
Spearmen
Upgrade spearmen with 2HCCW
Replace spearmen with shieldwall
Egyptian line infantry Upgrade Egyptian guards shieldwall to
shieldwall, veteran
Downgrade shieldwall or spearmen to
shieldwall, raw or spearmen, raw
Egyptian, Nubian or Libyan Bowmen
archers Downgrade bowmen to bowmen, raw
Syrian or Caananite allies Spearmen, raw
Sea Peoples mercenaries Warriors
Egyptian, Libyan, Caananite
Light infantry javelin, raw
or similar skirmishers
Light infantry other, bow
Egyptian, Libyan, Nubian,
Syrian or Caananite archers Downgrade light infantry other, bow to light
infantry other, bow, raw
Camp Camp
Allies -
* Only after 1278 BC
Notes - Egyptian chariots emphasised speed and missile power over protection, and have there
been classed as light chariots. Egyptian skirmishers armed with javelins may use the combined
lights rule described in "Even Stronger" with Egyptian chariots (as chariot runners).
I have included the option to field Ramesses II as a great leader (at least until the age of 60 or
he lived to 90). Even though it is not absolutely clear that he won the battle of Kadesh, he is of
regarded as the greatest, most celebrated and most powerful of the pharaohs.
From the start of the regn of Ramesses II the Egyptian infantry adopted larger shields and clo
formation and are treated as shieldwall instead of javelinmen, and Sherden prisoners began to
incorporated into the Egyptian army.
 heir Hyksos foes, to the infantry

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 5
Half or more 3+ +1
0-1 - +1

0-1 3+ 11

3-6 - 1
5-10 8+ 5
Up to half 7+ 6
0-1* 6+ 8
3-6 7+ 7
0-2 7+ 8
All* 7+ 7

0-1 6+ 9

Up to one
8+ 5
third
2-6 8+ 7
Up to one
9+ 5
third
0-2 8+ 5
0-1* 7+ 10

0-4 8+ 3

0-3 8+ 4
Up to one
9+ 3
third
1-3 - 1

er protection, and have therefore

velins may use the combined
s chariot runners).
t least until the age of 60 or so;
the battle of Kadesh, he is often
he pharaohs.
opted larger shields and closer
Sherden prisoners began to be
Hittite Empire 1400 BCE - 1180 BCE
This list covers the later Hittite Empire, including the army of Muwatalli II who famously fough
Ramesses II at Kadesh.
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted in chariot)
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Hittite chariotry Chariot, lance
Upgrade chariots to veteran
Light chariots, javelin
Syrian, Canaanite or
Upgrade chariots to veteran
Anatolian allied chariotry
Upgrade light chariots with extra bow
Spearmen or javelinmen
Hittite or Anatolian infantry
Upgrade spearmen or javelinmen to veteran
Syrian and Caananite
Javelinmen, raw
infantry
Syrian and Canaanite
Bowmen, raw
archers
Skirmishing javelinmen Javelinmen, raw
Skirmishing archers or
Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
slingers
Camp Camp
Allies - Mitanni, New Kingdom Egyptians, Canaanite and Syrian City States
* Hittite chariots have 2 hits and are treated as if lance-armed, i.e.with a bonus card in their fi
charge.
Notes - The Hittites generally used a relatively heavy chariot with three crew, of whom one wa
armed with a long spear. They also used lighter chariots with two crewmen, one of whom was
either a javelinman or bowman.
watalli II who famously fought

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 5
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
3-6 - 1
4-8 7+ 9
Up to half 6+ 11
2-4 7+ 5
0-1 6+ 6
Any - +1
3-6 7+ 7
0-1 7+ 9
0-2 8+ 5
0-1 9+ 5
0-2 8+ 3
0-2 9+ 3
1-3 - 1
ity States
.with a bonus card in their first
three crew, of whom one was
crewmen, one of whom was
Sea Peoples 1276 BCE - 1178 BCE
The Sea Peoples represent a coalition of tribes including the Sherden, the Sheklesh, Lukka, Tu
and Akawasha who probably originated from Anatolia and Southern Europe. They overwhelme
the Hittite Empire and many of the smaller kingdoms in the area and they very nearly conquer
Egypt but dispersed after a defeat in 1178 BCE.
Unit Description
Attached general
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Sea Peoples chariots Light chariots, javelin
Warriors
Sea Peoples warriors
Upgrade warriors to veteran
Libyan allies Javelinmen, raw
Camp followers Mobs, javelin, raw
Light infantry javelin
Sea Peoples skirmishers
Light infantry other, bow
Camp Camp
Wagon laager for camp Fortifications per one box-side length
Allies - Libyans
Notes: Upgrading warriors represents the fact that some Sea Peoples had bronxe helmets and
were equipped with bronze, leather or linen armour. I have assumed that the tribes might use
large trains of ox-drawn carts in which their families travelled to form wagon laagers to defen
their camps.
den, the Sheklesh, Lukka, Tursha
rn Europe. They overwhelmed
and they very nearly conquered

Number Save Cost

1-3 2+ 4
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
5-10 - 1
0-2 7+ 5
7-14 7+ 10
0-3 6+ 13
0-1 8+ 5
0-1 9+ 4
0-1 7+ 4
0-2 8+ 4
1-3 - 1
0-5 - 1

ples had bronxe helmets and

med that the tribes might use the
form wagon laagers to defend
Later Mycenean and Trojan War 1250 BCE - 1100 BCE
This list covers Mycenaean armies after the adoption of lighter, more mobile "heroic" warfare
time after 1250 BCE, possibly as a response to external threats, natural disasters or both. It in
the Trojan Wars period.
Unit Description
Attached general on foot
Upgrade from foot to mounted in chariot
Generals
Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior
Heroes may be assigned to all units except
Heroes
skirmishers
Chariots javelin
Rail chariots with driver and Upgrade chariot javelin to chariot javelin,
warrior veteran- reflecting experience or
enthusiasm
Mounted warriors Light cavalry javelin
Light chariots javelin
Skirmishing and quadrilateral
Light chariots bow
All spearmen or all javelinmen
Upgrade spearmen/javelinmen to
spearmen/javelinmen, veteran
Foot with inverted pelta or Replace a single veteran javelinmen's
round aspis shield and spears javelins with a single shock missile,
representing Achilles' Myrmidons.
Downgrade spearmen/javelinmen to
spearmen/javelinmen, raw
Light infantry javelin
Skirmishing infantry Light infantry other, bow or sling
Downgrade light infantry to raw
Barbarians, Northerners, Warriors
Lukka, Thracians etc. Downgrade warriors to warriors, raw
Camps
Other
Fortifications, per 1 box-side length
Allies - Hittite Empire, Sea Peoples, Western Anatolia kingdoms.
Notes - This list is based on the "Armies of the Ancient Near East" by Nigel Stillman and Nige
and "The Mycenaeans" by Nicolas Grguric. After about 1300 BCE the Mycenean army appears
have evolved a more mobile style, with a focus on individual, heroic action. Personal armour be
more common, at least for those who could afford it, and shields were smaller and suggest a m
fluid form of warfare. It is unclear whether the spears carried were mainly for hand to hand co
or hurled before contact - accordingly you can chose either javelins or spears for your main inf
type, and should then apply that consistently for your army.
Huge thanks to Nicholas Stock who wrote this list.
00 BCE
ore mobile "heroic" warfare some
atural disasters or both. It includes

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 4
Any - +1
Any 3+ +1
0-1 - +1
4-10 - 1
2-6 7+ 9

Up to half 6+ 11

0-1 7+ 5
7+ 5
0-3
8+ 5
4-10 7+ 7

Up to half
6+ 9
0-1

Up to half 8+ 5

1-3 7+ 4
1-3 8+ 4
Any 8+/9+ 3
0-2 7+ 10
Any 8+ 7
1-3 - 1
0-6 - 1

by Nigel Stillman and Nigel Tallis

the Mycenean army appears to
c action. Personal armour became
were smaller and suggest a more
e mainly for hand to hand combat,
s or spears for your main infantry
Philistine 1178 BCE - 700 BCE
The Philistines are likely to be the descendents of a defeated branch of the Sea Peoples, the
Peleset. After being defeated in Egypt, the Peleset either conquered Palestine, or were settled
the area by Ramasses III. They appear to have eventually assimilated into the surrounding peo
Unit Description
Attached general
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Light chariot, bow
Upgrade light chariot, bow to light chariot,
Philistine chariots bow, veteran
Upgrade light chariot, bow to chariot, bow
Upgrade chariot, bow to chariot, bow,
veteran
Spearmen
Philistine spearmen Downgrade spearmen to spearmen, raw
Upgrade remaining spearmen to spearmen,
veteran
Philistine javelinmen Javelinmen, raw
Camp followers Mobs, javelin, raw
Light infantry javelin
Philistine skirmishers
Light infantry other, bow or sling
Camp Camp
Allies - Canaanite and Syrian City State, Phoenician, Libyan Egyptian, Kushite
Notes: The light chariots were perhaps used earlier in the period, and the chariots, later but in
the absence of firm evidence I have left players the choice of which to field. One hero may of
course be Goliath of Gath.
ch of the Sea Peoples, the
d Palestine, or were settled in
ted into the surrounding peoples.
Number Save Cost
1-3 2+ 4
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
4-8 - 1
3-6 8+ 5

Any or all 7+ 6

Any or all 8+ 7
Any or all 7+ 9
4-8 7+ 7
Half or
8+ 5
more
0-2 6+ 9
4-8 8+ 5
0-1 9+ 4
0-2 7+ 4
0-2 8+ 4
1-3 - 1
ian, Kushite
and the chariots, later but in
h to field. One hero may of
Later Elamite 800 BCE - 639 BCE
This list covers the armies of the Elamites as depicted in the Assyrian reliefs.
Unit Description
Attached general on foot
Upgrade general to mounted (on horse,
Generals chariot or kallipani cart)
Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior
Heroes
Elamite 4 mule or horse, 3-4
Heavy chariot, shock*, extra bow
crew chariots
Elamite kallipani carts Chariot, bow
Elamite cavalry Light cavalry, javelin with extra bow
Arab allies Light camelry, bow, raw
Bowmen
Upgrade bowmen to bowmen, mounted
Elamite archers infantry in kallapani carts
Upgrade bowmen to bowmen, veteran as
"heavily-armed archers"
Shieldwall, extra bow
Elamite "men of the bow and Upgrade shieldwall, extra bow to shieldwall,
the shield" extra bow, mounted infantry in kallapani
carts
Aramean or Babylonian allies Bowmen
Elamite camp followers Mobs, javelin, raw
Skirmishing Elamite archers Light infantry other, bow, raw
Camp Camp
Canp defences Fortifications
Allies - Arabs, Babylonians
* Shock- treat as if armed with the lance, i.e. able to play a bonus hit card in their first charge
Notes - This list is based on the "Armies of the Ancient Near East" by Nigel Stillman and Nigel
Tallis. Pretty much every man in an Elamite army can carry a bow, giving th earmy massive
firepower. It can also have a suprisingly high scouting factor due to the large numbers of light
horse, chariots and carts.
ian reliefs.
Number Save Cost
1-3 2+ 4

Any 1 +1
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
3-6 - 1

0-2 6+ 13

2-5 8+ 9
1-3 7+ 6
0-1 7+ 4
5-10 8+ 7

Up to half - 8

0-3 7+ 9

0-1 7+ 9

0-1 - 10

0-1 8+ 7
0-1 9+ 4
0-2 8+ 3
1-3 - 1
0-5 - 1

hit card in their first charge

by Nigel Stillman and Nigel
giving th earmy massive
o the large numbers of light
Kushite 760 BCE - 591 BCE
This list covers the Kushite pharoahs of the XXV dynasty and their successors, including the
period from c.727 BC to 671 BC when they ruled Egypt from their capital Napata. After 591 B
the Kushite capital moved to Meroe and they will be covered by the Meriotic list which I expec
write shortly.
Unit Description
Generals Attached general on foot
Upgrade to mounted in chariot/on
horseback
Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior
Heroes
Kushite chariots Light chariots, bow
Upgrade to heavy chariots, shock, extra
Egyptian chariots bow
Light chariots, bow
Upgrade to heavy chariots, shock, extra
Kushite cavalry bow
Cavalry, javelin, raw
Upgrade to cavalry, javelin
Egyptian cavalry Cavalry, javelin, raw
Kushite warriors Warriors
Upgrade warriors to fanatics
Egyptian line infantry Javelinmen, raw
Egyptian archers Bowmen, raw
Kushite archers Light infantry other, bow
Upgrade light infantry other to veteran
Upgrade light infantry other to bowmen,
raw
Upgrade bowmen, raw to bowmen
Kushite skirmishers Light infantry javelin, raw
Camp Camp
* Only from 727 BC to 671 BC
** After 761 BC
Notes - The option to upgrade warriors to fanatics reflects the sometines fecocious reputation
the Nubian warrior. The option to upgrade Kushite cavalry from raw after 671 BC represents t
increase in importance (and presumably competence) of cavalry during the period. Egyptian
troops are assumed to be of lower status and less well motivated.
 successors, including the
capital Napata. After 591 BC
e Meriotic list which I expect to
Cos
Number Save
t
1-3 2+ 4
Any - +1
Half or +1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
4-8 - 1
2-3 8+ 5
0-2 6+ 13
1-2* 8+ 5
Any 6+ 13
2-4 8+ 7
Up to 7+ 9
half**
1-2* 8+ 7
1-2 7+ 10
Any 8+ 10
1-2* 8+ 5
1-3* 8+ 7
6-12 8+ 4
Up to 1/5 7+ 5
Any 9+ 5
Up to half 8+ 7
0-2 7+ 4
1-3 - 1

metines fecocious reputation of

aw after 671 BC represents the
uring the period. Egyptian
Late Assyrians 669 BCE - 605 BCE
This list covers the Assyrians from the beginning of the reign of Ashburnipal through to their d
at the battle of Carcamesh in 605BC, after which they ceased to be an independant political en
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted on horse or in
chariot)
Upgrade to heroic
Generals Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Upgrade one general to mounted, senior,
heroic, great leader* representing
Ashburnipal
Heroes
Assyrian 4 horse, 4 crew
Heavy chariot, shock**, extra bow, veteran
chariots
Cavalry, javelin
Assyrian sha pitalli cavalry Upgrade cavalry to veteran
Upgrade cavalry with extra bow
Late Egyptian allies in 4
Heavy chariots, shock**, extra bow, veteran
horse chariots
Arab allies or subjects Light camelry, bow, raw
Mede allies or subjects Cavalry, javelin
Scythian allies or subjects Light cavalry, bow
Shieldwall, veteran
Upgrade shieldwall, veteran to shieldwall,
Assyrian qurubuti guards
veteran extra bow
Mount in kallapani
Shieldwall, extra bow
Upgrade shieldwall, extra bow to shieldwall,
Assyrian kisir sharruti large extra bow, veteran
shield line infantry Downgrade shieldwall, extra bow to
shieldwall, extra bow, raw as sab sharri
Mount in kallapani
Javelinmen
Assyrian kisir sharruti small
Upgrade javelinmen to javelinmen, veteran
shield line infantry Downgrade javelinmen to javelinmen, raw
as sab sharri
Assyrian dikut mati levies Mobs, javelin
Elamite or Egyptian allies or
Bowmen
subjects
Light infantry other, bow
Assyrian archers Downgrade light infantry other, bow to light
infantry other, bow, raw
Tribal levy archers or
Light infantry other, bow or sling, raw
slingers
Tribal levy javelinmen Light infantry javelin
Camp Camp
Canp defences Fortifications
Allies - Arabs, Late Egyptians, Later Elamites, Medes, Scythians
* Great leaders are a sort of special senior attached general. A great leader's exceptional qual
enable him to play two replacement activation cards or to-hit cards in a single turn, rather tha
usual one. Great leaders are also exceptional warriors and when wounded, play two injury car
and pick the lowest.
** Shock- treat as if armed with the lance, i.e. able to play a bonus hit card in their first charge
*** After the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC
Notes - Assyrian cavalry were armed with javelins and sometimes bows. The option to upgrad
Assyrian cavalry to veteran takes account of their discipline and the felt trappings of their hor

Qurubuti are the King's personal bodyguard. Kisir Sharruti are the King's standing army- full
troops. Sab sharri were the equivalent of territorial army, and dikut-mati were a general levy,
raised in emergencies. Those troops carried in the small kallapani carts count as mounted
infantry.
shburnipal through to their defeat
e an independant political entity.
Number Save Cost
1-4 2+ 5
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1

Up to 1 - 11

3-6 - 1
0-2 5+ 15
2-5 7+ 9
Any 6+ 11
Any - +2

0-1 5+ 15

0-1 7+ 4
0-1 7+ 9
0-1 8+ 5
0-1 6+ 9

0-1 6+ 11

0-1 - +1
2-4 7+ 9

0-1 6+ 11

At least
8+ 7
half***
0-1 - +1
2-4 7+ 7
0-1 6+ 9
At least
8+ 5
half***
2-4*** 8+ 7
0-1 8+ 7
1-2 8+ 4
At least
9+ 3
half***
2-4*** 9+ 3
0-1 7+ 4
1-3 - 1
0-5 - 1

eat leader's exceptional qualities

s in a single turn, rather than the
wounded, play two injury cards
 hit card in their first charge

bows. The option to upgrade

he felt trappings of their horses.

he King's standing army- full time

kut-mati were a general levy,
i carts count as mounted
Neo Babylonian Empire 626 BCE - 539 BCE
This list covers the Babylonians from the accession of Nabopolassar until the fall of Babylon to
Persians in 539 BC.
Unit Description
Attached general (mounted on horse or in
chariot)
Generals Upgrade to heroic
Upgrade to senior (in chariot)
Heroes
Babylonian qurbuti chariots Heavy chariots, shock*, extra bow, veteran
Cavalry, javelin
Babylonian qurbuti cavalry Upgrade cavalry, javelin to cavalry, veteran
Upgrade cavalry with extra bow
Aramaean, Chaldean or Cavalry, javelin
Babylonian line cavalry Upgrade cavalry, javelin, to cavalry, javelin,
veteran
Mede allies Cavalry, javelin
Arab allies Camelry, bow
Skythian mercenaries Light cavalry, bow
Babylonian guard infantry Shieldwall, veteran
Bowmen
Babylonian archers Downgrade bowmen to bowmen, raw
Upgrade with bowmen with pavise
Aramaean or Chaldean
Bowmen, raw
archers Upgrade bowmen, raw to spearmen, extra
bow, raw
Downgrade bowmen to light infanty other,
bow, raw
Greek mercenary hoplites Hoplites
Mobs
Babylonian emergency levies Light infantry javelin, raw
Light infantry other, bow, raw
Camp Camp
Allies - Arabs, Later Elamites, Medes
* Shock- treat as if armed with the lance, i.e. able to play a bonus hit card in their first charge
Notes - Babylonian cavalry were armed with javelins and sometimes bows. The option to upgr
Babylonian cavalry to veteran takes account of their discipline and the felt trappings of their
horses.
ar until the fall of Babylon to the

Number Save Cost

1-4 2+ 5
Half or
+1 +1
more
0-1 - +1
3-6 - 1
0-2* 5+ 15
1-2 7+ 9
Any 6+ 11
Any - +2
1-2 7+ 9
Any - +2
0-1 7+ 4
0-1 8+ 9
0-1 8+ 5
0-1 6+ 9
2-4 8+ 7
Any 9+ 5
Any - +1
2-4 9+ 5
Any 8+ 7
Any 9+ 3
0-1 6+ 8
0-4 8+ 7
0-2 8+ 3
0-2 9+ 3
1-3 - 1

hit card in their first charge

es bows. The option to upgrade
the felt trappings of their