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HVAC System Design: Mark Hydeman, P.E., FASHRAE Taylor Engineering, LLC
HVAC System Design: Mark Hydeman, P.E., FASHRAE Taylor Engineering, LLC
Cold Aisle
Hot Aisle
© 2004, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form
without ASHRAE’s permission.
Underfloor Supply
Cold Aisle
Hot Aisle
Only 1 pressure
zone for UF!
© 2004, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form
without ASHRAE’s permission.
Overhead Supply
Cold Aisle
Hot Aisle
© 2004, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form
without ASHRAE’s permission.
Just right
Too cold
Just right
Aisle capping
End cap
Cold Aisle Caps
© APC reprinted with permission
Cold Aisle
Hot Aisle
© 2004, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form
without ASHRAE’s permission.
Cold Aisle
Hot Aisle
© 2004, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either paper or digital form
without ASHRAE’s permission.
Hot spots
Higher hot aisle
temperature
Possible equipment
failure or degradation
V HVAC _ Supply V Servers
Taylor Engineering, LLC 14
Airflow with constant volume systems
V HVAC _ Supply V Servers
Taylor Engineering, LLC 17
How Do You Balance Airflow?
Spreadsheet
CFD
Monitoring/Site
Measurements
© 2005, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Reprinted by permission from
ASHRAE Design Considerations for Data and Communications Equipment Centers. This material may not be copied nor distributed in either
paper or digital form without ASHRAE’s permission.
80
75 .019
.018
.017
PSYCHROMETRIC 35
75
CHART 70 WE
TB
UL
BT
.016
Normal Temperature EM
PE
RA
TU
.015
R
I-P Units E-
°F .014
30
16 FEET 65
14.0
San Francisco Climate Data Bins 60
VOL
65 .011
with Data Center Guideline Zones 25
UME
.010
- CU
Weather Hours Design Target
.FT.
55
360 to 321 60 .009
PER
320 to 281
280 to 241
LB.
240 to 201 90
%
X % .008
D
20 50 25
RY
200 to 161
160 to 121 55
A
%
80
IR
120 to 81 .007
Class1;Recommend
80 to 41 45
40 to 1 %
70
50 .006
.004
40 NEBS;Recommend
13.0
40%
10 35 .003
30%
30
.002
20%
Lower Allowed Humidity Limit (20%RH)
E HUMIDITY .001
10% RELATIV
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
.018
.017
PSYCHROMETRIC 35
75
CHART 70 WE
TB
UL
BT
.016
EM
Normal Temperature PE
RA
TU
.015
RE
I-P Units -°
F .014
30
65
105 FEET 70
14.0
65 .011
with Data Center Guideline Zones 25
VOL
UME
.010
- CU
55
396 to 353 60 .009
.FT.
352 to 309
P
308 to 265
X
ER
%
264 to 221 20 90 % .008
25
LB.
50
220 to 177
D
176 to 133 % 55
RY
80 .007
132 to 89 Class1;Recommend
A
88 to 45
IR
45
%
44 to 1 70
50 .006
.004
40 NEBS;Recommend
40%
13.0
35 .003
10
30 30%
.002
20%
Lower Allowed Humidity Limit (20%RH)
E HUMIDITY .001
10% RELATIV
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
80
75 .019
.018
.017
PSYCHROMETRIC 35
75
CHART 70 WE
T BU
LB
.016
TE
Normal Temperature MP
ER
AT
.015
UR
I-P Units E-
°F .014
30
26 FEET 65
14.0
Sacramento Climate Data Bins 60
65 .011
VOL
with Data Center Guideline Zones 25
UME
.010
- CU
Weather Hours 55
Design Target
.FT.
270 to 241 60 .009
PER
240 to 211
210 to 181
X
LB.
%
180 to 151 20 90 % .008
25
D
50
150 to 121
RY
120 to 91 % 55
A
80
IR
90 to 61 .007
Class1;Recommend
60 to 31 45
30 to 1 %
70
50 .006
.004
40 NEBS;Recommend
13.0
40%
10 35 .003
30%
30
.002
20%
Lower Allowed Humidity Limit (20%RH)
E HUMIDITY .001
10% RELATIV
30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Heat
Exchanger in
series with
chillers on
CHW side
Economizer Summary
Air-Side Economizers Water-Side Economizers
Provides free cooling when Provides low energy cooling
dry-bulb temperatures are when wet-bulb temperatures
below 78°F-80°F. are below 55°F-60°F.
May increase particulates Avoids increased particulates
(LBNL research indicates this (and low humidity if that
is of little concern). concerns you).
Should be integrated to be Should be integrated to be
most effective. most effective (see previous
Improves plant redundancy! slide).
Can work in conjunction with Improves plant redundancy!
water-side economizers on Can work in conjunction with
data centers! air-side economizers on data
Need to incorporate relief. centers!
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
-
Computer Loads UPS Losses HVAC Lighting