HACIENDA de CALAMBA

 Location
53 kilometres, South of Manila
Extended westward from the shore of Laguna de Bay

 Ownership
One lay Spaniard to Jesuits (1759)
REASON: For the owner to acquire the right to room and board in monastery for the
rest of his life
Came back to a lay Spaniard
Finally acquired by the Dominicans (1843)

 Connection with Rizal family

Francisco Mercado (late 1830’s)
Largest leaseholders of sugar lands in Calamba

 What if’s
Expansion of cultivated area and increase in population occurred just before or around
middle century
Calamba by the 1850’s was already a thriving economy

 Role of Recollects
Negros became their mission field (1848)
Did not acquire any monastic estate
Fernando Cuenca- parish priest of Minuluan
EFFECT OF INVESTMENTS IN SUGAR MILLING TECHNOLOGY
 CALAMBA
Chinese moneylenders
Dependent on the Anglo-Chinese commercial network
No evidence of foreign merchants’ houses
Limited capital investment
Position of the inquillinos in the hacienda worsened
Financial difficulties
No steam-powered sugar mills
Spanish inquillinos were given loans by the Dominicans
Deprived of capital for investment in better milling facilities

 NEGROS
Most hacienderos had their own land
Experienced enormous risk-taking
Crude carabao-driven mill
Investments from foreign merchants’ houses in Iloilo
Four British entities, One American, One Swiss
Had a direct interest in improving milling technology
Easy access to capital
High quality sugar
Not dependent on the Anglo-Chinese