JOHANNA ERIKA MANDARIO GRADE 11-AQUARIUS

PLANETISIMAL AND TIDAL THEORY

We humans always asking our self who, when, and where. All this
things that we can came from. Many theories we believed and
disbelieved , but we know that those theories will be true if there are
great evedences.One of those that I chose is planetisimal and tidal
theories.

Planetesimal Hypothesis, a theory of the origin of the solar

system. It was proposed by Forrest R. Moulton and Thomas C.
Chamberlin about 1900. The theory states that the planets were
formed by the accumulation of extremely small bits of
matterplanetesimalsthat revolved around the sun.
A widely accepted theory of planet formation, the so-called
planetesimal hypotheses, the Chamberlin–Moulton planetesimal
hypothesis and that of Viktor Safronov, states that planets form
out of cosmic dust grains that collide and stick to form larger and
larger bodies. When the bodies reach sizes of approximately one
kilometer, then they can attract each other directly through their
mutual gravity, enormously aiding further growth into moon-
sized protoplanets. This is how planetesimals are often defined.
Bodies that are smaller than planetesimals must rely on Brownian
motion or turbulent motions in the gas to cause the collisions that
can lead to sticking. Alternatively, planetesimals may form in a
very dense layer of dust grains that undergoes a collective
gravitational instability in the mid-plane of a protoplanetary disk or
via the concentration and gravitational collapse of swarms of
larger particles in streaming instabilities. Many planetesimals
eventually break apart during violent collisions, as may have
happened to 4 Vesta[2] and 90 Antiope,[3] but a few of the largest
planetesimals may survive such encounters and continue to grow
into protoplanets and later planets.
It is generally thought that about 3.8 billion years ago, after a
period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment, most of the
planetesimals within the Solar System had either been ejected
from the Solar System entirely, into distant eccentric orbits such
as the Oort cloud, or had collided with larger objects due to the
regular gravitational nudges from the giant
planets (particularly Jupiter and Neptune). A few planetesimals
may have been captured as moons, such
as Phobos and Deimos (the moons of Mars) and many of the
small high-inclination moons of the giant planets.
Planetesimals that have survived to the current day are valuable
to science because they contain information about the formation
of the Solar System. Although their exteriors are subjected to
intense solar radiation that can alter their chemistry, their interiors
contain pristine material essentially untouched since the
planetesimal was formed. This makes each planetesimal a 'time
capsule', and their composition might reveal the conditions in
the Solar Nebula from which our planetary system was formed.

TIDAL THEORY
tidal theory Theory of the origin of the solar system, involving the
approach near the Sun of another star. This set up tidal forces,
and the instability of the Sun resulted in part of its mass being torn
off to form the planets. The theory was proposed by SirJames H.
Jeans (1877–1946) and Sir Harold Jeffreys.
The theory of tides is the application of continuum mechanics to
interpret and predict the tidal deformations of planetary and
satellite bodies and their atmospheres and oceans (especially
Earth's Ocean) under the gravitational loading of another
astronomical body or bodies (especially the Moon).