Ce ee a OFFICE AUTOMATION-INFORMATION SERVICEVAN MINH NHAN LOAI LE QUI DON KINH THU DIEN NGHIA Nguoi dich: NGO THE LONG TRAN VAN QUYEN Loi gic thigu: NGO THE LONG (Vign Hén Nam) XN DIEN TU TIN HOC Seatic & VUEN IAN NOM NIA XUAT BAN THANH PHO HO CHi MINI 1993QUY CACH TRINH BAY 1. Chiing t0i dich Kink th dién nghia cia Le * Quy Den theo ban in séch vain gS, hién luu tra 4 Thu vign Khoa hoc xa hoi Vist Nam, ky higu A, 1251, Ban nay o6 lai tya cia Lé Quy Don d nam Canh Hung 33 (1772) va Lai bat cua Ly Tran Quén dé nam Canh Hung 39 (1778). Trong nguyén ban chit Hén, tac gid tuy cd bam sat trinh ty chinh van Kinh Thu ma t luc, binh giai, nhung khong chia ra timg Dé ban doc dé theo doi chting tdi tam danh so thi ty cho eiic "thin" (gdm 58 thién), va trong méi thién, lai chia Wi binh gidi cla Le Quy Don thanh ting "tist” va dénh 6 thi ty cde tiét. Vi vay 6 dau méi tiét o6 hai con sé, cach nhau bang mot déu gach ngdn thi con so ding trudc la thién, 36 sau la tit. Vi dy 6-2 thi sé 6 Ja thién the 6 (Va céng) so 1 la tiét thu 1. S 3. Thu tf cla cde thién xin xem Muc lye 6 dau sich.4. Céc cha thich ching t6i dé & sau mbi tiét. DE gidm bét 66 ch thich tring Jap, mdi khi cn chi ch cho d$c gid xem lai hay xem thém chi thich o6 lin quan thi ghi s&thién, 96 tiét va a6 chu thich (viét tat la c.t). Vi dy: xem 9-2, ct 3 1A thién 9 téét 2, chit thich 3.LOI GIGI THIEU Kinh thu cdn goi la Theceng the (nghia la “lich sir thai thugng c&), cuda sich ghi chép chinh sy, tuong truyén do Khéng Tir soan lai va chia lam 100 thién, chép sir tir thoi Dudng Nghiéu dén thoi Tan Muc cong, dé gidng day cho hoc trd. Nhat Tain dit séch lam mOt sd thién ca Thuong thu bj mit. Nay chi cdn 58 thién. ‘Van Thuong thu c6 6 thé, Iu: din (phép tac Ién cia thoi Nghiéu, Thuin, ding lam tigu chun cho dai sau); mé (ban din muu ma) ghi chép cong viée cia vua (ai ddi Dudng, Ngu; Hudn (li day bao cia lao thin d3i vdi vua tré twéi hay vua hudn thj trim quan); Cdo (Idi hiéu bho vé 1& phai trai, loi hai); thé (ldi ran bao tudng si va Wi the voi thin minh); mgnh (cdo ménh, sich, ménh phong vuong, bé nhiém). Sdu thé nay xép tan man tiy theo (hoi gian cha khong theo thé loai. Qua cde didi, nhidu hoc gia Trung quéc 66 dién giai Kinh thu. nhu sich Thing thw chinh nghta cha Khéng An Quoc doi Hin, Thurang the gidng nghia cia St: Hao doi Tong, Thur Kink tdp cruyén caa Thai Tram cing doi Tong, Th Kinh trung tuén cia Truong Anh di Thanh.© Viet Nam, Lé Quy Dan la ngudi diu tién od séch riéng ban vé Kink thu. ‘rong bai tua sich (d8 nm 1772) Lé Quy Din vist: °Trj thién ha khong thé khong c6 chinh sy. Ma xua nay lam chinh sy, thudng cin co & Thugng the ... Ngudi xua khen sch ay Ia "kho chita nghia ly" béi vi "Idi day hay, muu mé tt, ruvrng méi rong, dién chuong In, nhimg didu Khanh si phai hidu ro, quan ur phi noi theo, khong cai Ta khong c6 trong ay ..." Trong eri dé "Bat" nim 1778, ti si LY Tran Quan, hoc tro ca LE Quy Don, cing xée han: “Hoc thuat va chinh sy khéng thé chia thanh hai link, vue khac nhau. Kinh thu ghi lai chinh sy cia hai doi DZ, ba ddi Vuong, ma tam phap truy8n thy déu do tir hoe thuat ma den’, Tom lai, cae nha nbo ta xua da cho kinh Thu Ta chép lich sir cd dai trong dé néu bat nhGna tu tung ve chink ir}, vO quan If x4 Oi. Gia tr} cha cdi "kho nghia Ij" dy duge dinh gid cao dén mie c6 thé im miu myc cho muén déi, Cai “dao” (nhémg nguyén ly chinh trijma ho rat ra duge & sich ay la chan ty tuyét d6i: "Theo duo ay thi tri, wai do Ay thi loan, fam theo dao dy thi thinh vuyng, khong Lum theo dao fy thi suy vong" (Tira cha LE Qué Dan). Vi li nguyén If “duy nhat dang dan" nhu thé, cho nén, nha hoe git kidm nha chinh tr) Le Quy Dén (lic nay 46 f) tudi da chin chan, da “kin qua cae chée vu & anh’ va da viGt kha nhigu sch) moi him ho lac vag ching minh, binh lun, cho gidi sach dé, Va dudng nhu ‘Ong cing dua vao dé dé phat bigu tu tudng chink tj cha 8minh. Cang trong ti tua ng vi “Toi ngu lau, nghién ngim liu ndm hiéu qua nghia Kin... MAi khi doc. cam thy ¥ vj dao dat, bf thi v6 cting. CAS niio sic Ging mii phdt mink thi uiy buat chép ra, rung didn cde tiruyén ky, bin bac vige xa, déu la mudn lim én chiing cho sich cua théah nhin’., L& Quy Don noi khitm tén ve cong vide minh lam ohu vay. Nherg Ly Tran Quan danh gid ohimg cing hin cia Lé Quy Don kha xic ding “Ti budi thénh nban san dinh Kinh Thu dén nay. sd ngudi néi ra duwe cdi ton chi sau sc cia kinh dy thay la ft lam. Quyén sach nay (KinkThu dita nghia) thudng thudng ti trong nguyén bin kinh dign, co néu ra duce shimg oghia mdi, adi ra duce edi digu la hich gia chun ndi, phat hign duce ditu ma thién cd chua phat hién ra..ai c6 thém su hidu thi, khio di ein than’, Qua that. Lé Quy Din da khong chi edi du ohim mat hoe thude vi ke | 4 Wt nghia vig cdu ting chit; ma Ong da gop phiin lam sing ng nhu ndu ra nhiing vin dé tin nghi, vA nbfit lis co nhiing suy nghi doc "DEn hw hing Ii truy’n, loi cho eta tién nho, hoje gidng nhau, khde nhau va 6 chd dang nghi agg thi du c6 bign chinh so qua...” (LOL u rlit higu gid wri va ket qui Gg tr hao dén mite 6 thé néi ring:"Vide noi guong diéu thanh cong, rin dé dite tai hai, gift thinh phong suy, sch nay [Kin Thu dién nghia] cing 6 thé dé nha vua xem ludn ben canh”... ‘Tré én la may § nhin dinh ty danh gid so bo cda tac git va cia ngudi ding thévi d6i voi “Kinh Thu dién nghia® Sau day ching (di xin thuyét minh thém, va luu y ddc gia mOt ddi ditu khi di vao nghifn ctu khai thac tac phim nay cia Lé Quy Don: 1. V8 bdi cdnh ra doi ctla téc phdin. (Sach duge Lé Quy Dén dé tya nim 1772). Ching ta biét, xa hoi Viet Nam thai cudi Lé 1a mOt xa hdi phong kién dang di xudng. rong Jong chiza chat ning mau thuan: cube ndi chién Lé Mee chua chim dit, thi nguy co cat cu Nam Bac phan tranh da xay ra, Vi mat mua doi kém, ndng dio ndi day khdp noi. Dau dai Canh Hung (ti nm 1740) a6 di da 06 cc cude Khéi nghia In cua Nguyén Tuyén, Nguyén Cir, Nguyén Hau Cau, Lé Duy Mat, Hoang Cong Chat, Nguy8n Danh Phuong, nhiu phen Pam cho kinh thanh Thang Long phai ndo dong. Ndi bd chinh quyén Lé = Trinh thi khong dn djnh: chia lin quyén vua. Ho Trinh da tuy § phé lp cac vua Lé ké tit Trung Téng cho dén Hién Tong. Li tan bao nhit la cdc cude phé trudt Lé Kinh Tong (nim 1619), Vinh Khanh (1729), va viée b&t giam rdi gict hai Thai t L8 Duy Vi (nim 1769). Nhimg viée nay chic Lé Quy Don cé bigt. Boi dng sinh ndm 1726, dén 1752 ong 27 wi thi d3 Bang Nban. Nam 1758 - 1760 c6 di st Trung Que, sau khi vé thi bj gitm pha phai vé huu day hoc. Sau khi Trinh Sam lén ngdi chia, n&im 1769, nhé cd ngudi tién ci Ong mdi duge dng tai. T chic & cung dinh thi ri bét: 10chia Trinh lip ra cac co cau dé thu hét quyén hanh (di cao (tuy ngdi vua van dé ho Lé gitt) nhursdu phicn dé gidm sit 6 bd, NgG phi phi ligu ndm cd quyEn quan sy va dan sy... Vi cin ti8n chi tigu nén “ai nop théc thi trigu dink (rao chitc phim, ai nop ba quan thi duge danh hiéu “sinh 6°; quan thi duge ep linh tay hu, duoc thu tin riéng do linh kiém duge fam ngy I6e (nam 1741). Ké coi git tai chin nha nude thi thong ding tham 6... Nhéng gid tri tinh thin va long tin bj x6i mon, dio I6n... Lé Quy Dén ra tham chinh (16 lai trong ditu ki@a nhu vay, Ong khong thé khdng suy nghidén mot cudc cai 6 dé mong cho chinh quyén ma dng phung sy thodt khdi nguy co sup dé. Néu ching ta higu rling céc ngudi di hoc khi xua, ho “thude lau” kinh sir ti sém va ta xem Iai lich sis, mot sO nha céch tan khi mudn cai céch thudng cing bat dau tir viée “cha giai lai kinh dign oO" nhu kiéu Han Phi, Vuong An Thach, H8 Quy Ly, ...thi ta thay, vide Lé Quy Dan chd gidi lai Kinh Thu va dé twa vao nam 1772, nghia [i 3 nam sau khi t4i tham chinh, khong phai la m6t viée Jam ngau nhién... (néu don thudn fam sich vi hoc thuat, hay cha g th dé day trong trudng cua minh viv... thi dng 06 thé lim vao lic khie, hoe dua ra mot cudn sch khic), Ding nay, trong bi canh dy, lai say sua di vio cha gia mOt cudn sich chuyén bin vé chinh tri, vé quin If xa hoi ahu thé, hn [a cé mye dich. Ma ching phai suy luan nhigu, chinh téc gid cong da n6i & bai {ya Tai: “Séch nay ofing c6 thé cho nbd vua [thuc 18 nguei chm quyén la nha chéa] xem ludn bén minh". oeDi nhién, khong phai la LE Quy Don khdng 6 dip dé phat bigu tu tudng chinh trj cua minh, Ching han vio dip thi Dinh n&m 1752, dng cing fam mat bai van sich de cap dén vige thai su. Nhung d6 fa Lic mdi di thi, chua kinh qua chinh truéng. Nhing dip nh’ chia hoi viée quan than, hoac “clu 16i n6i thang" khong phai khong cd. Nhung d6 chi fa v8 nhéng cong vigc cu thé, khong 66 diu kién cho dng phat biéu mot cdch (oan dign, ¢6 bg thong, €6 If le vé it cd cde vin dé nhu khi dng ding dusi géc do nghé thuat, khi binh cha Kinh dién, Mat khéc. ngay vige "cau Joi ndi thang” thai dy cing gidng nhu mot cai bly. Bui ST Tiém cing vi “néi thing" ma bj mat chac, duéi ve; chinh ban than L Quy Don céng da bi gitm pha & divi chia trudc... Cho nén sy phat ngon, visi dng, khdng thé khong than trong. Vay mudn néi gi, nén tim mét dé (ai lich sir ma n6i. Dung sai, (Gi va dau da cé thanh nhan va ojnh than thi xua ganh chiv, theo ki¢u "Dudng Ngu tam dai thi khon, Han Dudng tré xudng thi len cho dau’, Xét hon canh ta doi cdc (4c phim nur vay (a c6 thé thay ring Lé Quy Dan da dua vio vide chi gidi mot tac phim kinh dién dé phat biéu tu tudng chinh tri cha minh. 2. Vay thi, cu thé trong khi "chi gidi* kink Thr Lé Quy Din da lam vige nhic thé nao, va dé dé xuiit durge dieu gl moi? a) Doc va so sinh quyén Kink The dién nghia voi chiah van Kinh Thu, diu nguiri ta dé thay obit [a cach Jam “moi iva tac gia : mang danh Ta "dién nghia” mot cudn kinh dién, nhung tac gia thye 18 da binh i pham 46, chi khong phai bam sét chinh van, gidi nghia cau nhu nhitu ngudi da fim. L@ Quy Dan co “ding cao 12hon’, nhin chung timg j, ma tay tign binh luin dénh gid, 06 chd thi néu cao phét trién ndi dung, <6 chd nhan xét phé phan ch ve mét sir ligu, cA ve mat tu tudng. Thuong fa gop hai ba ¥ 6 nhitng doan khac nhau trong kinh ma binh lugn thanh mot tiét (doan). Nhu vay, vé két cu ta 6 thé coi Kinh Thur dién nghta ta mot téc phim riéng, chi khdng chi la lai chi giai (cuée chd) b&t bude phai kom vio chinh vin Kiah Thu. Tat nhién, dé tién cho theo dai van dé, tac gia vin dua theo tit ty cdc thién (58 thién) trong Kinh viin ma dua § phé binh vao. Téng cong qua 58 thién Lé Quy Dan da viet ra 342 tit (oan) binh giai. 0) Ve ngi dung Toan vin Kinh Thu v6i céch sip xép ci (tuong truybn do Khong Tér san djnh), cifn ban theo trt ty thai gian, cae thé tai dién, md, thé, ménh, hufin, cdo, duce bé tet xen ke...ta 66 thé coi fa "tuy€n tap" cac tu ligu lich si thai cd Trong dé. thién *HOng pham" la thién giau tinh 1 luan nbat, biéu hign tuong doi day di hé thong IY ludn, chinh tri cia nha nho. Hoc gid nucic ngodi coi thién dé ta “hoe thuyét chinh trj cua giai cp phong kién budi so ky". G dé Ww tudng than bi siéu hinh cdn rat nding. Nuvi ta thay rO mOt dng Udi todn ning ngy tr) & ten: Troi cho con Udi xuding lam vua théing uj thign ha. Vua thanh tam kinh rcs, thi mua gid thugin hia, khong 6 thién tai bao lyt, khing 6 nhac thyc, sao chdi, dich bénh, Iéa ma duye mia, nhin dan no di: m& khang lam phiin. Vua 66 quytn Iwe ti cao ké ca quytn ban gitu cd, va quyén cit dit sinh mang con nguéri, Cdn quan va dan phai ciii déw theo Iénh vua. 13Lé Quy Dén, trong khi din giai ching minh cho Kinh Thy lai chi ra rang: Vua phai lam guong cho cdc quan. quan Lam guong cho dan(1). Vay la téc dung dn dinh xa hdi la tc dung lam guong [duy Ij] cha khdng phai sigu hinh. Ditu d6 66 ¥ nghia khuyén céo ké cam quy&n phai han ché bét tu duc, tham bao. Quan hé giga vua va dan duge vach ra nhu sau din [af trai (ti8t 4.5; 12.1). Dan Ta gc nude. Géc 6 ving thi nude mdi yén. Dan cOng nap cho vua hung thy. Vua bao diéu hay thi dan lam theo. Vua c6 trach nbiém chim lo dén dai sng cha dan. Néu khong thi dan s@ tr thanh thi dich, vua mat ngbi, loc trai sé hét (8.3, 25.2, 25.3, 43.1). Vua phai nudi din, chinh sy hay [a nudi din no do (8.3, 27.2). Phim [am cdc céng vige én (nhur dvi dd) phai cng khai cho dan bist, va ban bac véi din (Ban Canh 19.1). Cé khi tac gid néu vain dé trung quan mot cach kha “cach mang”: Thanh Thang la ba t6i nhung edu dan, con Kiét la vua nhung hai din. Thang danh Kigt khong c6 gi Ia bat trung (10.1). bign cich mang Ia ct dé cho dan vui long (2.1). Tat nhién tir ché ndi ve din nhu thé dén viée dé xual quyén lam chis cua dan... con Ta mét khoang céch. Nhung trong thai phong kign chuyén ché, kinh t2 suy sup, ma dé xuait nhing § kién nhu vay Ta thuong dan, Ia 6 tin bo, NhGng § tudng Kt dep dé duce chimg minh, phat biéu é nhidu chd, nhitu dang rit phong pha. (1) Xem doan 44 (Tis day tré xuding, chiing 101 danh s6 1181 doan theo ban dich) 14DGi vei bd phan inh dao, quan If x4 hoi, ding dau fa ngdi vua, vit cic quan gidip vige, Lé Quy Don cing néu ra céc yeu cau vé pham chat dao dic nhu sau: Vua phai - ed tai nang, quy&t dodn (11.1), suy nghi su sée (1.1), kboan tha gin dj, hiéu sinh (3.10). Doi turtrong sach, lanh in tuy vGi cOng viée (3.12), ham hoc hdi (23.1), cd moi (13.2), o6i md, ip thu § kign moi ngudi (1.8, 17.1), doan két duge moi nguéi (1.8). Neuve lai 14 nhGng vua 6 th6i hu tt xdu. Nhu ham choi huting tac, rugu che, gin bon gian njnh kiéu c&ng... (thi bi mat ngoi) (11.4, 13.4, 13.6...). Di voi quan lai thi: Vua (i gidi sing sudt phai dao tao va sir dung hét céc nhan ti, khong bd s6t (2.12, 82) nhan tai s¢ fam cho nusc think - ho 1a nhan 16 quyét dinh thi cude (22.1, 22.4), BE t6i tai gidi diéa hinh la Y Doan, Phé Duyét, c6 rat nhigu dite tinh quy bau 614.2, 15.3. 21.4). Vua phai d® phdng bon bem mép, bon gian ninh xdi bay (16.1, 2.24, 14.1) phai loai din bon xu xa dot nat dis ching [a than can (22.4). phai cd nhan tai méi déi mdi duge chinh sy (2.1, 21.1, 21.2). Cach chon nhan thi: Phi xem vige lam chit khong c&n cit & Ii ndi (4.1). Dé quan ly xa hGi khOng phai chi bé tron 6 vide tu duong dao dite. Ma phai cé nhGng sy vin hanh "chinh sy’, cu thé 14 nbitng vige: khuyn khich shn xulit (lam lich dé cho dan Digi thai vu canh téc: 1.5, 2.13, 2.16) e6 chinh Sach bao vé tai nguy&n (3.5) coi trong ky thuat sin xuit (6.1, 50.1), trj thay phai tuan theo quy lujt thuy vén (6.2). Vé tai chinh thué khéa phai thu cho cdng bing (6.4); khdng tich (y cita cdi vao mot ch ma nén dé phan tin & manh, 15(rong dan (31.1), Chi dung nén tit kigm (14.1, 43.1, 48.13), nhe bt dng gop ciia din (13.5, 12.1), nang cao dai s6ng cho dan (53.2). Mudn van hank chinh su phai cd bd may quan lai. Nhitu lin Lé Qu¢ Dén tim higu bd may quan ché dai c6 tir Ha Thuong Chu. (5.3, 6.1, 30.1). Va dng rt cha y dén vai trd céc "dO thu php dién” (8.6), dén ché db dai ngd quan ligu (32.19), éng mudn tim hiéu dén noi dén chon cc ché d6 By. Dic biét, L@ Quy Don khOng gitr nguyén tw tudng ic tej" cha thei xua, ma dng rat cha § dén van de "php arf" (quan If nha nucéc b’ng phap lujt). Nhong § kién dng néu ra va nhic di nhac lai vé phép tri nhu sau: - Phai phé bién su rong luat phap cho dan bidt (2.6, 3.7, 55.2). XEt xix phai cong bing, khong nh¢ vdi quyén qui, ndng viii dan hen (32.17). X€t xit phai 6 long thuong xt va 66 myc dich gido duc (3.8). Ngudi banh phap khong duve loi dung phap luat (3.6); tr] ti thi khong tr) dén ngudi ndi doi (3.14) va ti com nghi nga nén xr he di 3.9). [Tra thay day 14 quan diém tiga bd, nhan dao, néu so sénh ring doi Nguyén van 4p dung luat tru di ba di ...|. ‘Ong ching minh Ping: khi nao ky cuong phép Inat Ion x60 la diu higu nude s4p mat (26.1, 26.2). Nhung quin If x8 hoi, khong phai chi 6 luat phép. C&e Linh vuc khéc nhu quan sy qudc phing, vin hoa xa Oi, gido duc, dao dae cing duge dé chp tid mize db khi sau. Chang han: 16- Vé quan sw dng 6 chi ¥ phan bidt chién tranh chinh nghia va phi nghia khi ndi ring: Du chu hau gay su, thién tir cing phai xem xGt xem minh c6 15i gi khdng, ri mdi ra quan (22.3, 35.3, 47.15). Xay dung lye lugng vi trang hing manh la cin. Nhung phai dé phong phan tic dung (22.2). Ché ham vién chinh mi quén phing bi d sat nach (7.1). Nén ngy binh w ndng (2.19). Luc thanh binh cng phai lo vide vo bj (51.1). Ong cing phé phan gay git bon banh trudng xim luge vuyt ra ngoai inh thd, di "khai héa" nude ngudi ta (47.15). - Ong khen Thuong Ung, Quan Trong da Tam cho dan giau nude manh nhung cing ndi: Lo quéc ké khong chi 6 kinh (2 qude phing, na con phai chi § sao cho phong ha dao dic x4 hoi 131 dep, dn dinh nita (23.4). Va Sng coi phong tuc, ngon nga la gic ca van hoa mdi nude, la ban sac van hoa dan toc (11.5). Rat cha y tim hidu phong tye, tin ngudng thai cd, Ong giai thich kha hop ly nhiing ché sich chép 6 ve kho higu vdi ddi sau. Dac biét c6 chi dng noi ring vide boi oan thoi dy chi la hinb thie fa thir tw Ve gido duc: ngodi vide day dan 1é nghia két hop voi wat hinh va biéu duung nguivi ed die (3.5) dng cbn cat chi § dén vide gida duc dé ‘on em Ging 16p cim quyén. Ong thay 13 chinh bon dy hay bj tha héa bién. cht mbit (2.22, 2.23, 52.4). Ong tin ring do © can lam dé gin git ky cuong xi hoi. Ngoai ra nhéng didu thude vé kinh nghiém va phuong phap lam chinh tri, Lé Quy Don cong tay chd ma neu ra, chang han ohur 17- Vua lam vige chuyén can, nhung khong nén 6m ddm, vige vun vat gi cing lao vao (5.4), ma nén ndm dai cuong, roi kiém tra thing xuyén, khen thudng kip thoi (2.5). Mun "céch mang" [ tir céch mang vOn duge ding trong Kinh Thu J phai kim due ngudsi gi i chon duge thai co (2.1, 22.5). Phai tim dan timg bude vaing chc (21.4). Phai fam cho dan tin theo, cach giy long tin cho dan thé nao (2.3) ww. + Vé quan ly hanh chinh cin cé sy phan cip trung uong va dia phuong (2.11). Va quan nigm vé sy can thiée phai quan dug cuong gidi tanh thd cla mot nha nude, cing di duge néu ra, n c yua Ngbigu sai quan di do bong mit trai (1.4)... Tém lai, diém so qua nhu vay, ta c6 thé thay, Lé Quy Dén da dé cap dén khé nhigu mat cia cong viée "chinh sy", quan If nha nude, x4 hdi, ké ca vige cai t8 chinh tr} nia. O mat ndo dng cing (6 ra am hiéu va cé nhang de xuat, kin gidi khé sau sc va cé nh Ong quan diém tién bd. Tuy c6 ohing vin dé cO ve la "dé tai mudn thud” nh “trong dan", “dung hign" ma kinh séch xua da 06 dé cap dén. Niumg nhidu khi kinb sich dé chi n6i ludt qua, cdn Lé Qui Dén thi phn tich, ching minh rd va nhac di nhdc lai nhu thé thi ngudi doc da thay vige “lam rd kinh dién* qua la tc gia da lam "vugt yéu chu’. ©} V2 phwong php nhdn thite Chang ta d&u biét: van Kinh Thu la thi vin rit cd. Dén nhu Han Dit doi Duing phai coi fa "e®t khudt ngao nha” (trae trac khé hiéw), O Trung Quéc tir doi Han da c6 nhang "béc si" chuyén nghién cau kinh dy. NhGng 18ngubi di hoc xua néu khéng “chuyén tr]” kinh nay, thi cong chi hoc thudc mot s6 thién hay ding trong van sich, cdn AGi chung la "bat chu cham giai" (khong cin higu cin ke, chi can ném dai cong). Thé nhung, qua téc phim nay, ta thay Lé Quy Din 48 doc ky, hiéu su timg chyong timg &1, nim duoc § va thoat ra dé binh gidi chat 1a sau sic. Nhidu khi Ong néu lén nhong digu thde mac vé chd t6i ngbia trong kinh (5.2). Lai c chd Ong tran luan vei cde hoc gid ndi titng Trung Quic xua (khoang 20 chd) & cic chuong (41, 42, 46, 48, 52, 54, 55, 57). Dé hiéu sir dng con xem xét ch binh thé dia lf duong thoi (5.5, 6.6, 6.7, 25.1). Céc vn dé quan ché, 18 nghi, phong tye xua cing duc 2 cap déa chs khdng chi nh’m vio nhing lai day hay ho “va chinh sy 161 dep" cia “thénh nhan" ma hoc. Ngay khi nghién ctu cic "Ii day" duce coi la sy tng két, fa nhiing mau myc, thi Lé Quy Dan cting dai héi phai so sah véi ph4p dién thdi diy (23.3, $5.10) (xem trong nhing hoan canh lich su cu thé nao ma ngudi ta hanh dong abu thé, va téng két nhu thé). Nhu vay, qua thuc (in nghién citu, Lé Quy Dén da nbn thie rng chin Ij la mot cai gi cu thé, chit khéng phai mot nguyén ly chung 4p dyng cho moi thdi dai moi hodn canh. Chinh vi e6 phugng phép nhan thie “ding din nhw thé, nén Lé Quy Dan da dat dén nhéng dinh cao cia kin thc, va nhidu sich ong viet ra rt ¢6 gid trj (nat fa nhing trudc tig vé sit hoc). Nhu ché Ong da di dén nhong nhan xét c6 tinh chat tdng kéL chinh xéc, khong don gin, mit chitu nhu lién nho. Ching han dng noi Nghiéu nhudng ngoi cho Thulin, Thuin ohudng ngdi cho Vi chi khdng nhudng ngdi cho con minh d6 fa do “thufin theo van ménh va biét théi thé" 19(3-11) (Bay gid ta hiéu dé a ché dé tién minh bd lac, thei cOng xa nguyén thi...) Ve muc dich hoc tap, dng néu 16: hye dé ma hanh, nén hoc phai két hap véi hinh, "hoc xua Fa vi nay" nén phai kho ctu dén noi d&n chén (23.2, 23.9). Dé la nboing tng k&t rat quy bau, gop vao kho kinh nghi¢m khoa hoc cGa nhan loai, Chinh [2 dé lam ro pho kinh dién chi c6 58 thign nay, ma L@ Quy Dan da ding Wi 342 doan van binh va din ra hang nghin sy kin 6 bang trim cudn sich khée nhau. (Ching ti di phai lam tdi gan 1100 ché thich). Digu dé cling cho ta thay hoc lye cba Ong uyén bac Ta nhudng mao. 3. Ta nén nhin nhén téc phdm nay nhur thé nao? 1) Truste hét, day Ta thé tai et cha giai kink dign, kinh dign Ta cia nude ng, si a ngudi xua lam ra, da 06 nhiGu ngudi cho 1a vO ich, gat ra, coi nbur mgt “ei lai kinh dién nho gia ma cae nha nho dei Tong da cl bép méo di... Nhung, nhu trén d4 cho thiiy: khong, hoan loan nhu vay. O L@ Quy Dén c6 su “rd ve ngubn", Vii nhéng mit tich cye, dn ehii cla nho gido nguyGn thiy, va c6 mot cai gi hon nhu thé nda, yin voi nhin din... Tir xa hOi Viet Nam sdi déng thé ky 18 Ong nhin lai lich sir Trung Quée cd dai vai nhang bai hoc chinh tri. Ong adi ro 1 minh cdm thdy § vi dado dat, Wf thi vd cing, cb xc dong va cé phdi minh... Theo truyén théng “thuat nhi 3 tac” cita cc hoe gid phuong Dong, vi tac phong “rmucn dé tai cOt truyén nude ngodi” cho “kin vo". L& Quy Don da chon duge cfich tam rit “dae thé" (déing ché ding lie) dé 20phat biéu quan diém cia minh. Dit cé ndi thé nao di nda cing khdng ai co thé coi Kink Thir dién nghta khong phai 1 cha Lé Quy Don, mat sin phim Vidt Nam, mot lic gid Vigt Nam thé ky 18, cong nhu Truyén Kiéu khong phai la téc phdm nghé thust cua Nguyén Du, cua Viét Nam... 2) Ve bit php: kha link hoal. Nhu tren d3 di LE Quy Dén da chon duoc ding "dit dyng vo": ban than Kinh Thu cho phép hin bae ti nhigu khia canh vé chin tri x8 hoi. Ong da tay ch ma phat huy. Cing mot nguyén If, mt If tung, nhung & mdi dogn, mdi vin canh cy thé ong lai dién dat mot céch khac, voi nhimg din ching lich sir sat ding, sinh déng, muda mau mudn vé, vi nhOng Wy 12 sic bén, va [Gi ban thaw If dat tinh, ¢6 séc thuyét phye, khién ngudi dec tin ring cdi “hay” da tong kCL dé 1a c6 that, fa Gt yéu hode [a 66 thé lam duge, khong phai hoang duing... Lam duge didu dé fa nha 6 tef he ky digu va Ge lign tudng tuyét voi cea Sng, khién cho tae phim nay mang dau fin dac sae cia Lé Quy Don, khong thé lan voi nguai khac. 3) Tac phim cia Lé Quy Din von “hay", chic chin ngudi "cé hoc" duung thi due doc ai cung khen nite nd vi ho thudc kinh thude sit (vn Kinh Thy lai cé nip di¢u gan nhu tho) ho hiéu duge cai hay cdi dep ca nguyén vin va higu duge “tam thudt" Uc gia "ngy" trong dé... Con chang ta ngay nay, doc trong ban dich, khong nhing khé- thily duge cdi hay cua nguyén van, ma chdc con cam thay su (ric trac, long thong vi 1a vin dich, va, nhang ngudi, nhtmg din chimg trong s4ch tai xa la voi chang ta. Do dé sy chm thy chdc bj giam di nhiéu. Ditu nay ching tdi thay 2116, nhung danh chju, Va, chi cO ging vet vat lai phan nao bang cach “djch sat ch ro" dé déc gia linh hoi cang nhidu cing 161. Va ching t6i c6 Tam thém bang tém tét céc chi d& dé 6 dau sdch, ciing sich din & dling sau, dé dap cing yéu chu cua ban doc - chfe chin ril cin - khi mudn doc mét céch nghién ngim, lat di lat lai, so sanh gitta cic doan trong sch va so vii sach khfc, vi sch von phong phi da dang, c6 khi I&p di lp lai. XE thay day Ia mOt tac phdm bigu hign khé tp trung tu tuéng chinh trj cua Lé Quy Dén - mot hoc gia dn cha Viét Nam thé ky 18 - nén chang 10i coi day la mot tu ligu quan trong dé nghién citu tim hiéu vé tac gia nay. Xét thdy nhing chi d@ "muén thud", ngay nay vin dang con dat ra néng héi, trén quan diém dai cat Idy vang, ching t6i tran rong gidi thigu véi giéi nghién ctu cudn Kink Thue dién nghia, do Vien Han Nom cong tac voi XN DT. - TH Seatic 6 chitc dich thuat voi nhing gai ¥ rit so luge nhutrén, nhim myc dich chai yéu la cung cap cho céc ban mé6t cong cy dé tham khao. 10.11.1987 N.T.L. 22"TOM TAT NOI DUNG CHU DE CAC CHUONG TIET PHAN & NGU THU (SU BOL DUONG NGU) 1. Nghiéu dién (Dién pham, dite nghi¢p cia vua Nghiéu). 1.1 Sit gia ddi trusc khon vua Nghiéu 06 6 dée tinh chinh tr) tuyét vai: Kinh e&n, sng sudt, van minh, suy nghi sau sfc, c6 tinh 6 ly, khiém tn. L@ Quy Don chi khen cé mOt die "Suy nghi sdu sfc’, cho dé la dite inh co ban nhat, bao trum nha cua mOt ngudi thir linh 35i lac khi xua - Tac gid c6 dan ching, bién lugn. 1.2 Cae budc dé thi hanh “chi: nghia" cha Nghicu: a. Lam séng cai dite sing cis minh (tuyén truybn, tht nghi¢m, chiing minh) ‘b- Duta vao cdc ngudi thn can lam tay chan dé thye hanh chi truong cda minh. c- Tr} nude, lam cho thién ha binh yén, d- TS chic sin xudt cong nghiép: lam lich, huéng din thai vy cho dan. 231.3 Lanh thé thoi vua Nghiéu dén dau. 1.4 Viéc quan ly lanh thé dé thé nao: - Sai quan di xée dinh bé o6i, cuong gidi; - Xem xét dan tinh, ndm ving (ditu kién) dja ly, phdm vat (kinh t& cde ving). 1.5. Khai nigm: "Nhan sy thudn theo thién thoi" thyc chit 1a: sn xudit nong nghiép phai theo thi tiét, mua vu cha cdc loai cay tring. 1.6 Lé Qui Dén ching minh rang vua Thufin vin xuat than la con vua chu hau chit khong phai con nha dan nghéo nhur cé nguéri di ndi theo Ié gido xua. 1.7 Thuan lay c& hai con gai vua Nghiéu lam vg : d6 1a theo Ié giéo xua, 1.8 Nhéng déc tinh chinh trj caa Thufin tir khi chua duge Nghiéu nhudng ngéi cho: a- Higu thao, hda thudn trong gia dinh; b- Vui vé tifp thu ¥ kién hay cia ngudyi kl c- Bidt xem xét su vat khach quan, hiéu dao iy lam ngudi, thyc hanh digu nhan nghia; d- Do’n két duge ndi bo, duge moi ngudi yeu men, suy tn, 2. Thudn Dién (Dién Pham, dGc nghi¢p cua vua Thu’n). (vit v8 thign may, L¢ Qui Dén 6 nghi dén mot cude cai tb lir bén trén). 2.1 Tinh hinh Iie dau: Nghicu mudn cai 6 a Thién ha 6n dinh nhung e6 diéu chua visa §: - Bén ké hung bao cbn & trong trigu chua bj tris bo: - Cae ngudi (ai edt chua duoc ding; 24- Vide (ri thay chia xong. b- Thudin da (6 raf nguiri co thé thuc hin duge ¥ dd cia Nghidu = Thufin duge ca thign ha nguding mo: Gido duc thi moi ngudi pghe theo, ditu khién trim quan thi khdng ai fam bong viée (kha nang 16 che: bién phap tinh tung, van dung nhay bén) n&m veng muc dich: "Bién Ada tdn digu khién cho din vui long’. 2.2 Thufin da duve Nghiéu thir thach. Xét hoin canh déu thudn toi. 2.3 Ttao d6i cin viin Tin cudi cing v8 phucng chim phuong phap lam vige. 2.4 Phai lua thoi Iya thé khi cai 16 mdi thanh cong 2.5 Kiém tra thudng xuyén, khen thudng kip thoi. Dé la c dung to 1Gn dé xoay chuyén thign ha. - Thong nbat don vi do budrng (nim trong vi ohit cae thang gid tri xa hoi). 2.6 Pho bién luat hinh su dén tan dan chang (hoc gid {rude cho rang: c6 nhan chi dat ra luat hink dé doa ma thyc 1@ khong ding. Le Qui Don ching minh: xua co dig nbue hinh). 2.7 X6t xtr pha c6 long niin tr thucng x6t, khong dung meoliza bud fio 101 ning. Khong muon yi au danh. hong ‘Thun triang (rj bon cin thin gian fic mat cach cong minh chinh dai, khOng vi nghi ng hay ghen ghét ching. 252.9 Thuan tri t0i 4 ké hun, ma thién ha cam phuc. 2.10 Miu hign c6 tir bao gid (khao ching hoc). 2.11 Sy phan cfip trung wong va dia phuong c6 tir bao give. 2.12 Mé dudng cho ngudi hién tai tiga than: mé rong duéng ngon ludn, nghe ting néi tir dudi len. Bd § riéng theo § kién da s6 l& phong cach cha vua Thun. 2.13 Coi trong ¥ kién c&ip dugi (dia phuong), coi trong sir no du cia ddn, thuan theo thoi vy nhi: ning, vO vé nude xa, thuong yeu nude gin, bau dai ngudi vo dite tt, tin dung ngudi o6 long aban, cu tuyét ke gian th. 2.14 Khiém tn nhudng nhau, khong tham quyén, khong ty cho minh Ta tai gidi, khong cay cong. 2.15 Quan chize chi (thai c6): nhing chic quan cin cé dé 2am vide. 2,16 Cha trong ndng nghiép fa hang du (thoi xua cing xay ra nan d6i). 2.17 Day 18 nghia, két hyp day luat hinh dé doan ket ndi bO dan va gid gin trat tr an toan x8 hoi. 2.18 Phan biét Trung Hoa visi Man di 2.19 Ngu binh w ndng. Chie si su cd tir bao gid. 2.20 TE 18 trivi dat va bach than. 2.21 Thulin hit long vi din: mong cho théri tiét dB chju dé dan khoi 6m dau. 2.22 Boi dung khi chit vi phém cht cho thé hé con em. 2.23 Sw kho day cia mOt s6 con em cac quan to. 2.24 Bi quyét dé phong ke gian ninh xui bay. 2.25 Nhén xé1 chung vé t6 chic quan Ij xa hOi thai 66 dai: Dé khing phai !& e4i gi don gin. 263. Dai Va mo (Muu mo ‘Thuin) 3.1 Rn bao vua va bé tdi phai thn trong, lo xa: trong khi thuan loi van phai nghi dén cach Gng xir hic khd khan. 3.2 Hai din ching: a- Thuan theo Ie phai thi gép lanh (thanh cong cha vua Thufin vi vua Vi). b- Trai voi le phai thi gap dé (Dan Chu va Thai Khang). 3.3 Ché nén dn khong ngdi rdi. Maru ké c6 chd cn nghi ngé thi che lam, s¢ that bai. Ba dln chéng lich sir do Lé Qué Dén dua ra, 3.4 Biéu duong nhimg ngudi git gin dao dic dé bao ve trat tu ky cuong xa héi phong kién cd truyén. nude coa Va dé nghi in vua 3.5 Khuyén khich lao dong néng nghigp, bao vé tai nguyén lam sin va thay sin (dinh thud nhang ngudi e6 dit ma bd hoang khong canh tac). 3.6 Quan hank phap phaichinh tryc cong bling, khong bin uy mua phic. 3.7 Lud hinh sy cin ban hanh true va giéo duc cha moi ngudi hiéu biét, tw gide trinh pham phap. ido duc php luat, cho gido duc. 3.9 Vua than hanh diing ra xir dn 6 tir bao gid. ‘Toi ma con nghi ngé thi nén xi nbe én. 3.10 Khoan thét, gidn dj, bi€u sinh (khOng thich giét ngudi) Ia dic cia ké Fam vua, 273.11 Nghigu nhudng ngdi cho Thudin, Thuan nhudng ngoi cho Va (iruyén ngoi cho nguvi hitn che khang truyén ngoi cho con) do Ia thugn theo vin ménk va bide thovi thé. 3.12 MOi quan hé gida cudc sing riéng va dao die chinh tri (gitta divi cng va divi (u) cua ngudi inh dao: NEp sng phi trong sach gian di, anh manh, tin tuy véi céng vige. Khong udng ruvu, guong miu trong sinh hoat, néi ning. 3.13 Giai thich cai Duy tinh duy nbat doan chip quyét teung’ - (Day la bi quyét tam niém tu dudng eda ol nho). Tém lai fa: nim ving dao Trung dung, phé phan hoc gia trudge hidu sai. 3.14 Tri ti thi khong tei dEn ngudi ndi doi (ai Fam ngudri Ay chiu). 4, Cao Dao md (Myc md cia Cao Dao kién nghi vii vua Vil) 4.1 Dinh gid (xét) ngudi khong chi edn ed Urn Iori noi ath phai xem 6 vice Pam. 4.2 Pham chit ngudi lanh dao: Phai c6 sy thing bang gitra cdc mat doi lap cia tinh céch cuomg nghi ma khoan dung, nhu thudn ma vimg Vung. chinh trac ma dn hiva. C6 stic manh nhung phai nhan dao. 4.3 Ditc tinh 1t & mot ngudi cang cd nhié Nbung ding ngudi thi khng nn cau toan, 4.4 Vua phai lam guong cho bé (Gi. Cap tren fam guong cho clip dudi. Khong duge rong choi va ham mé vat E nho d&u la thay tréri ma fam thiéng lieng). 4.5 Lam theo § dan tire fa fam theo § trai. 5. ich Tde md (Muu m6 cia Ich va Tac). eang hay. 285.1 Vua khuyén khich bé 16j thi On hda nbu gid xuan, rin bao thi nghiém (de nhu suong thu. 5.2 Mat doan van kh6 hiéu - Lé Qui Don néu ra. 5.3 Phong dodn vé mé hinh quan ché doi Ngu. 5.4 Phuong phip lam vigée cia ngwiri lanh dao: (vua) khong luivi biéng nhumg cing khong dm dom, lao vao giai quyét cae viéc van val. Nén vach phuong hudng va don dic, kiém tra. PUAN Il: HA THU (SU NUA IfA) 6. Vii eding (Vua Va tri thoy - phép Ong phib cua nha Ha) (mOt thign dic bigt ni ve dia ly vd san vét). 6.1 Vai tro cia ky thuat (rong sin xudt, vj tri ede nha chuyén mon trong hé thong quan chic. 6.2 Tri thay phai theo quy luat thay van. - Lite din dang bj nan lut tan hoang sao lai bat dan di xdy thanh dap lay? 6.3 Ché dd td thud cng phi bling hign vii cach khfe phuc, Su phi8n phic 6.4 Danh thud ndng nghiép thé nuo ti cong bing: Rudng phan theo ding hang (t xdu, khong thu binh quan. 6.5 Phé inh mdt ché cde sich chi gid ve dia ly 6 khong ro rang 6.6 - Nhu trén - Lanh thé doi Ha Vo. 6.8 Bién win ve bién gidi phia bic va dong bile Trung que. 297, Cam the (Ldi thé su 6 dit Cam khi Dé Khai di dénh ho Hau H6). 7.1 Lé Quf Dén ché vua Khai nha Ha: Ham danh Tay di © xa ma khong biét phdng bi mdi nguy Hau Nghé & gan. 8. Ngd tif chi ea (Bai ca cia 5 ngudi em khuyén can vua Thai Khang). 81. Thai Khang an choi vd d6 ham san ban nén bj Haw Nghé cunsp ngi la dang lam. 8.2 Phan tich thém nguyén nbn mat ngdi cia Thai Khang: + Khong tu atta vige dan sy. + Rudng bé ngudi hién tai dé ho chay sang vdi Hau Nghe. 8.3 Tu tuéng chinh trj thyc cia Lé Qui Don khi dng nhac lai kinh dién. "Dare 46 tt phai thé hign 6 chinh sy hay, te la nudi dan no di”. "Dan Ja géc eda nude. Gée c6 vimg thi nude moi yén", Quan hé gida vua va dan: + Vua lanh dgo dan, bao gi dan cting theo, dan Sng hin cho vua huGng thy. Nhung vua phai 6 trach nhigm lo ling cho dai sing moi mat eda dan. Néu khong dé y tdi dan, chi tha minh theo ¥ riéng thi dan sé khong vang ménh nia, Ba t6i 88 tré thanh thi dich, Koc trai 96 hét. Vay dan la ding sg, ding kinh, ch¢ coi thug. 308.4 Vai trd cita Dién 1é phép tc va ban dd s6 sdch (vin nh chinh - hi so lu tra) trong viée quan If nba nurse. 9. D@n chinh (Dan hau di chinh phat ho Hy va ho Hda). 9.1 Long dan lu6n oho ti cong disc cia vj vua khai sing, nén ding hd con chau cia Ong ta. (Day la mim mong cha tu tudng “chinh thing" cd truyén). 9.2 NhGng vi du cy thé thé nao la “Triéu dai suy vi do vua tdi cling tré nai vige chinh tsj*. Céch kh&c phyc. 9.3 Bai hoc lich si cé lap lai: Ké di sau vap phai sai lim nhu ké di truée: ham sin ban, ma mat nude, thich rugu ngon ma tigu vong. PHAN III :THUONG THU (SU DOI AN - THUONG) 10. Thang thé (lei th8 cia vua Thang khi dem quan di dénh vua Kigt nha Ha) 10.1 L@ Qui Dén ching minh tinh chat chinh nghia cia hanh dong Thang ndi day lat d Kigt. Va cho ring phai cé cach higu link hoat v8 dao nghia vua ti (vi Kigt 12 "vua" nhung de, Thang fa "Wi" nhung duge dan ding hd, Thang edu dan) 11. Trong iy chi cdo (Lai Sng Trong Huy giai thich hank ding "cach mang” cia vua Thang). 11.1 Dao ditc tt khéng du. Vua sing nghiép con phaic6 tai sing sudt va quyét dodn, (LE Qui Din so sanh vua Tong vi vua Thang) 3111.2 Phe c4nh cua Kiét rit manh, nhung Thang danh dep duge hét, vi Ong duge long din. Do ta hop sy thé (co ché Iie 46) cho phép ching minh. 11.3 Tu dudng bin than thi cén eG theo "" (phai lam thudng xuyén, phai kinb cn) chinh phat hay tng ho ké khac thi cin ct theo "nghta® (xem xét thay vie d6 [a viée dang lam, vi lai ich chung) 114.4 "Vua nto kigu eding cho ring khong ai bing minh thi sé bj diét vong". Lé Qui Don dan chimg lich st, chimg minh cau dé cia kinh dién fa dung! 11.5 Phong tyc 1a ban sic van hoa cua mot quic gia. Git duge van héa la nude con, bé mat van héa [a nue mat. 12. Thang eén (Ba cdo cia vua Thang sau khi diet nha Ha) 12.1 Lam cho dan khé, dan oan thi phai bi didt vong - ¥ dan [4 9 trai. MuGn dan khéi khé khoi ofn thi: nh 16 thud, gitm binh phat. Lé Qui Don din thom siz ligu & may chd vao dé chéng din nha manh § 12 12.2 Vou Thang khuyén bio cic quan Sp (chu hau) bling loi le gidin dj d& hidu, ma sau she. hap vot lez (ch cua ho. 13. ¥ hudin: (Lai Y Dodin day bao vua Thai méii In ngdi). Ap Ide 13.1 Tée dung Fim guong cia vua ddi voi ca thign ha vua higu kinh din hda thuda. Ly do? 433.2 Die tinh cua vua Thang: 321- Lam vige tan tyy (nite dém dé day, chd sing ma Jam viéc). 2- Ludn muén wun ién, 6 chi 461 mdi. 13.3 Vin dé dao tuo gido duc nguivi ndi nghiép (cde con Can cb cae quan sw, bdo 161. Nha Ha thi sur bio chét sém, oha Thuwng thi khdng, nén con chéu ho thinh vugng. 13.4 Vé cdc théi hu va LL xau eda vua va céc quan to: HE ai pham phai thi déu xup dé ca. Lé Qui Don dan chang 9 trudng hop dién hinh trong lich si Tung Quéc. = Bu thi hu: 1. Thich ca xudng. 2- Ham mé (itn cia, sin ban 3- ghét nguiri trung truc, khong nghe $i adi thing. - Mui tt xu: 4- Thich hit maa cung dink 2- Thich ca xucing & aha riéng 3- Thich sée dep 4- Tham cua cai 5+ Thich’rong cher 6- Thich sin bin 7- Khinh Idi think aban 8 Ghét ngudi trung thye 9- Xa nguiri dao dite 10- Gin gai bon thiu nién can bay. 13.5 (Chié y: Thign nay ndi vi loi day d6i vei vua tre va con ce quan) 3313.6 Lé Qui Dén néu guong 2 ngudi ddi sau (mot vua, mot quan) lap ngOn ty ran khong mc vio théi hu tht xu. Lai va y rat hay. 14. 15. 16. Thai Giép Thugng, Trung, Ha (Ba thién Th4i Gidp Thuong, Trung, Ha ding thé “cdo” néi v8 nhéng loi Y Doan khuyén vua Thai Gidp, va nhing lai hdi 15i cha Théi Giép) (Thai Gidp: Xem cha thich 16 doan 14.1 trang 67) 14.1 Vua con’ duge thira hung co nghiép cua vua cha, (ban thin khong vat vl khé nhoc vi dyng nghiép) nén thudng xa xi, ham chai - dé bj dan odn ghét lat dé - di vii vua thé (4 Lam hai ca dong doi sau nit: Lé Qui Dén suy lun va din ching thém: Di Dudng ddi Tong con nhimg ké gian ninh din kinh dién dé khuy€n khich vua 4n chai xa xi dén n5i tai chinh sup d6 va mit muric. 14.2 Gidi thich tai sao Y Doan [i bé tdi ma lai day duge vua Thai Gidp Ia vi uy tin dgo dic cua dng rat cao, 66 thé tam duge vige dy (ditu nay sir khong chép, Lé Qui Don suy ra) Nhiing hanh vi eu thé: 1- Truéc 4 khong tham dja vj, béng Idc. 2- Lam vige gi cting cng khai. 3- C6 lugng bao dung: Di véi bon tré ngang nganh ong chi day di xa, khong giét. 4- Cong minh chinh dai: Trac chite quan cho ngudi hign tai chit khéng gianh cho nguti toc thude. 345- Trong sech: Khong tham Igi, khong xAy dung co nghigp risng 6- Doi véi vua rét thanh kbén, 18 do 7+ Khong tham quyén cd vj: Khi vua sia 161 xong thi kién quyét ti chute v8 nghi khong luyén tige. 15.2 Thai Gidp nh§n 1di ta thanh khan, vi khong dd cho ké khae din minh vao Ii. 15.3 Lai lé cua Y Doan rat Gn ton trung hay, cd thé lam miu myc cho vige day bio vua. (nghé thudt phé binh, gido duc). 16.1 Dé phing nhing ké bém mép, chi cé (ai bién bac, fam hang viéc. 17. Ham hau nbét dite (thé "Hun", loi Y Doin dan bio vua Thdi Giip trugc khi Ong v8 nghi) 17.1 Cin phai tang nghe kin nhidu nguiyi (ké ca ngudi ct cd, kiém cai...) nhung phai ty minh suy nghi cin nhie ky. 18. 19. 20. Ban canh (Thucng, Trung, Ha) Nha thugng suy vj, vua Ban Canh dii dd v0 Sp cf dé Hy tai vuong khi. Quan lai, nhan din phan van lo ngai. Vua giai thich va chi bao ho. 18.1 Lé Qué Dén cho ritny vide dink dé o ddu a rit he trong di veti quéc dén sinh: Khing nhteng a chi Ia trung 14m v@ dja If hanh chinh (do hinh thé quéc gia, phi c trung d® ea 1 phuong) ma cba phai ché § dn cude sng, phong tye cia. din nia. - Din ching kGL qua t61 xdu cia vige dinh dé ding sai. 35J [a viée quan trong, c&n cong khai cho dan bict va ban bac voi dan. 19.2 Dé doi dé cho 151 phai cd t6 chic, cS ky Iuat chat ché: nghiém tri bon gay ri, bon gian nhing. 20.1 Vua phai néi cau " Ta kinh cAn theo ménh dan”, va "Ta khong dig nhing ngudi tham nhing"- Lé Qui Dén ohdc Jai va tan thanh. 20.2 Nguyén nhan cia té tham nhong la do bé trén c6 lam. guong, c6 rn bao hay khéng. 21. 22. 23. Duyét ménh ( Thugng, Trung, Ha). Nha An Thugng suy vi. Vua Vo Dinh (Téc An Cao téng) [én ngdi, tuy 06 chi cdi cach Kin nhung chua tim duge nguvsi c6 tii phd t4, nén 3 nm lién khéng n6i nfing, khong thi thé chinh sy gi lin. Khi tim dug Phé Duyét fa nguvsi (ai, thi trao quyén va nghe theo Phé Duyét... 21.1 An Cao Tong rat khat-khao tim duge nhdn tdi 8 thye hién 7 db cai 16. 21.2 Khat khao dén mirc nim mong thay gual ay, tinh day, sai thg vé chain dung va 21.3 Chiic ning cia ngudi phd (4 [a boi dudng dao tyo va trg gidp vua, chi king phai dgi co sai fam mdi can gidn 21.4 Nghé thust coa ngudi lam "toi": - Duge trao quyn nhung khong voi vang “abe hét bai ban", ma di dan aeng buo'c vigng chdc: Clng cd quyét tam cia vua, sau mdi dé xuat vie ding ngudi... "BAn phat nao trang phat fy". Pho Duyet to ra IA ngudi binh tinh, thin trong.22.1 "Dudng Idi tr) nude ding din mudn doi dic chinh va sit dung nhan ti" Lé Quy Don tng két qua nhéng livi Pho Duyét khuyén An Cao Tong 22.2 Xay dung lye lrgng vi trang hing manh [a can thi Nhung phai nim chac né, va d@ phing tac dung tigu cye cha né: ndi loan, cat ca. Cac din ching lich sir di sau, 22.3 Nude chu hau néi loan chdng lai thi Thién ta phai ty xét xem minh cé 15i gi khong da, néu minh khong 66 16i thi hay dem binh i dénh ngudi ta. 22.4 "Nhan yéu 18 quyét dinh", Céch Iya nhan tai - Dai Nghigu Thuan: hay - Doi An Thugng: cha truyén con ndi - Den Phé Duyét phai ddi mdi: loai din bon ngudithdn cén ma xdu kém. 22.5 Hanh dong cin phai ding thoi co. 23.1 An Cao Ting tré thisnh vua gidi vi chiu kh Age Adi. 23.2 Hoc phai két hop véi hanh - cha trong ca tri thac va dao dire - Hoc xua la vi nay. 23.3 Hoc 6 nhan: Xem livi day, nhung phai soi sing bing phép tc. Phai hiéu hoan canh lich siz cu thé. (Ché ‘Trang Chu va Vuong An Thach tach rdi hai mat d6). 23.4 Khen Quan Trong, Thuong Uong di chi § Tam nudge giau dan manh, nhung, dé quan ly xa hi khong chi 6 kink 18 quéc phong, con cin dao lV. 24, Cao Tong dung mht (con vua Cao Tong can vua vé ¢é cha dé long trong hon té t6 tién). 24.1 L@ Qui Don giki thich phong tuc déi xua khéc di nay. 3725. Tay ba kham Ié (chitc bé min Tay danh mnie 1a). 25.1 Gidi thich ro: Chu Va Vuong (Tay ba) danh nuse Le khdc chit khong phai nude Lé & song Ho&ng Ha. 25.2 Thai co tt cho Va Vuong nh’ Chu fit dé Vua Tre la: Mat mua d6i kém, Din khong theo ménh vua nia. 25.3 Khi Dan da cm ghét thi vua khong thé ton nia. 26. Vi TG (Anh vua Tru, Dinh ci vua Tru nhung kh6ng duge) 26.1 "Ke vo (i bj giam, doa c6 1Oi duge tha". Ky cuong lon xn nhu thé fa biéu hign nude shp mat. 26.2 Try bi diGt khong chi vi that duc ma con vi khOng git duge phip luat. 26.3 That dite & chd cd triéu dinh say ruyu, bd bé chinh su. CHU THY: SU DOL CHU 27, 28. 29. Thai Thé (Thuyng, Trung, Ha). [L@i ran quan sicaa Chu Va Vuong khi di dénh vua Tru nh’ Thuong] 27.1 Trach nhigm cita vua: khong chi day dan ma con phai nudi dan. 27.2 Can than vide cing té indi dat, 16 tin. 27.3 Ve nhing tan du va vay cénh cha Tru. 3828.1 Vige b6i (rude khi xuSt quan, thyc ra chi dé xem long ngudi thé nao. 28.2 Khiém t6n nhudng nhin hay thang thdn nbfn (rach mhiém lim vua. 28.3 Khéng phai chi can mot vai nguvvi c6 tai, ma cin Idi kéo duge nhigu nhin tai dua nhau ra site Lam vige. 29.1 °V6 ve ta thi vua ca ta, Lan hai ta thi Ba ké thir cba (a. (c6 nhan néi thé) 29.2 Dao dite chinh tr] cua Chu Viin vuung cao, nén duge nhan dan theo vb. 30. Muc thé (Van vuong thé su 6 cénh dong Mue Da) 30.1 Ché 46 quan chie dij Chu 30.2 Si dung sy ding manh cia ngudi vg phuong Nam 30.3 Vua Try dung nap bon ti pham trén tranh céc nude chu hau. 31. Va thanh (Ba cdo Vii cong dinh Tru da hoan thanh) 31.1 Tién cia nén dé phan tin & nhdn din, khong nén tich tris & kho vua - st 66 phan tac dung. 31.2 Danh xong vua Try, Va Vuong tha trau ngya [au § khOng dimng vi luc nira. D6 chi fi hanh ding tugng trung. 31.3 Bign lugn: Thang lai cha Va Vuong la tron ven. Dan nha An theo hoan toun khdng chong déi. 31.4 Dan mot sd nude chu hau nha Thuong da theo vua nha Chu tir tau. O d6 eding coi nhu khong cdn chinh quyén cia nba Thuong, 3931.5 V8 5 tue phong quan qua céc dé. Nha Chu khong thé dem thidn ha chia phong cho than thich nha mink, ma irude hét pai phong cho con ch4u ciw tin thanh tién hién, cong thin, mau 6€ dén cong ho. 31.6 Chi cho nguisi hién tai fam quan, khong ding ke eu han, ning méi due dung. Cudi doi Chu moi sai lam ding cha truyén con néi lam mot chée quan. > chit tin va chit nghia trong chinh tri (Gite duge long tin, din yén tam khong nghi ng. Thi thi chinh sy vi dai nghia thi thign ha tm phye). [Nghia fap voi loi ich rigng tu. Tin d6i lap voi thé doan lia dail. 32. HONG PHAM (9pham tru Idn vé triét hoe, chink tri, dao dire dé tri mutie). I. Tom tit thién HOng Pham trong chinh vin Kinh Thy (1) A. Theo loi vin Hong Pham néi: “Va Vuong danh thang nha An, gitt vua Tru, moi Co Tir vo lam ra thicn Hong Pham’ - va toi Co Tir ndi: "Trisi cho vua Vie co Hing Pham ctu tru" thi: 1- Hong Pham a sdch trai cho vua VG (do tri thay bat duge con ria, trén mai 06 ghi r6!?). (2) 1 Bho usm tt niny do Newds dich sich may thu hin 402- Sdch dy 6 9 "tra [ N6i theo tit ngdy nay: 1a 9 logi, hay 9 khdi nigm bao quét nbat, cing c6 thé goi la 9 "pham tra” [Cathégoril]. 3- Noi dung cia 9 pham tra dé la khdi quat foan B6 "hoe thuyét vB chink tri, ve quén ly xa hgi cia dai An Thuong. B - Noi dung cy thé eda timg “tra” ah thé nao? 1 - Nga hanh: [ Kim m6c thiy béa thé]: dé la Khai quét (goi gop) cdc vat ligu ma dan phdi dang dén: hay lA nhiing d6t tuyng con ngueti phdi chink phuc. 2- Ngu sy: (mao, ngon, thi, thinh, tu] mgo: dung mgo: phai lu6n cung kink i: phal theo 18 phai hal thane tai nghe: phai r6 rang tu: suy nghi: phai sau s4c Tom lai, 5 cu chi dé la con nguoi cd tdi, khén ngoan sdng sud 3. Bat chink: (Tam vén dé chinb sy phai lo lam] c: cai Sn uding cua dan 1 cha xa hi g- Tan: vide ngoai giao h- Su: vide quan su. 414 Nout fo): gOm: nim, thing, ngay. tinh 16, lich 68, Tém jai Ta vin dé thién van va ché tao lich dé c6 cin ca didu hanh cdc vige hanh chinh va ning nghigp. 5 - Hoang cige Ngdi vua. Ngudi lam vua phai dyng nén muc thude cho dan theo. Myc thude Ay Ta: - Khing thién Iéch, khong bé dang. ~ Ai ed muu hay, ed cong lao thi vua phai nhd. - Ai chua thénh thin, nhung khong (i di thi vua cting thu ding. ~ Ai thye thinh duc tét thi vua cho tude Idec. - Khong bat nat ngudi ob doc yéu thé, néu ho luong thign thi nén khuyén khich. - Ké 06 chute vj ma bit thin thi nin bao, dig né nang. - Khuyén khich ngudi tai lam vige thi nude duge thinh vugng + Ngudi giau thi khuyén khich ho lam dieu tir thign. - Khong ban béng Iéc cho bon bat long Tom lai, a6 [i 16 “cong bang chinh tryc" ma vua phai theo, va cung fa viée nguiri lanh dao phai fam - Ma tam nu thé Ta theo § tr 6 - Tam Diéc: [Ba eich déi xi] ngay thing, cuong, nhu: - Binh thiténg thi 4éi xv thang thin, - Cap ké cuéng ngach thi phai cufng ran. - Déi vii bie cao minh hay ké Gn hoa thi phi "nhu’” 42B6 sung thém: Vua nam quyén ti cao, toan dign: chi 6 vua méi dugc Fam oai ban phiic (cuong nhu). Chi c6 vua c6 uy quy€n, ké ca quyén cAt dit sinh mang con nguivi. Chi vua méi durge dimg dd an ngon, bay ti thi khdng duge, Néu bé ti va dan thudng cing ty cho minh c6 cdc quy8n dé thi réi loan. 7 - Ké nghi: Vin d@ béi [d8 bist § Udi va g c6 su bd nghi do dy. Day Ta mot bién phap lam viée thi cd). Cac each béi: Vide hai ¥ kién da s6 (quan va dan). 8 - Thu treng ; Céc "di8m toi" ~ Mua ohiéu: vua lam viée 13 dai ~ ning niu dai han: vua sai fam = néng nhiBu: ludi biéng - rét nhidu: lam viée tinh céch néng nay - giG nhidu: ngu Wi. Neuve lai: nghiém mua, nding, gid phi hinh]. 9- Neu phidc va lee eure hinh sir Wt, thi a tu (udng sieu Negi phéc ta két qua tich cyc eda daa dite va chinh tr), con fue cuc Ta kEt qué tigu cue ciia cai dé. ~ Nga phic gim: Tho (sdng lau) phé (giau) khang ninh (manh khde) du hao diée (dite tt) khao chung ménh (s6ng thoai mai dén gid). - Luc cue (6 digu khd cue) gom: 1. Hung doan chiét: ur nan, chét non. 2. Tat: bénh 433. Uu: lo budn 6, Nhuge: yeu, nhu nhugc. II Va dudi day 1a cdc dogn binh luén cda Lé Qui Dén (danh sé tir 32.1 dén 32.31) 32.1 Vua Try rudng bd ngudi hign tai: giam Van Vuong (ngudi phat hign ra nguyén If dich kink - cich mang) dudi Co Ta (nguisi nim duge Tridt hoc 9 tru... (tite dao thdng). - Dang doi Co Tir git duge dao thing do Co Tr truyén lai nén dat nue thinh vugng. 32.2 Doi mink giai thic dan yen Sn. 32.3 Tri thay sai quy luat, dan bi hai. Visita sai, ket qua tt, dan tring ely duce. 32.4 Khao ching ho tdi dau Ia va Jai Ca Te, 32.5 Lé Qui Dén giang vé sy phdi hop Cra tri veri BAL quai trong Kinh dich va 8 phyong hudng. 32.6 Lé Qui Don tan thanh sy gan ghép siéu hinh cdc con s6 Am duong nga hinh. luc hao, bat quai, ciru cung (Thién van), can chi va diém lanh dit cae dia phucng. : Vua fa ngudi gidp tri, Iam cho Cau nao, tir dau 32.7 Hing Pham [a co sé tit hoe cho tu tuéng chinh tr} cia nha Tay Chu. Vé co ban hé thing ly luda ni Ya thin bi siéu hinh. Lé Qui Dan tan thin cach gidi thich truy&n thing va thinh thoang ¢6 dua nhing suy 44luan duy ly va tu tudag chinh trj thuong dan, trong hién cGng bing thucng phat vao. 32.8 Caich tu than, - 92.9 Tée phong cit chi, 32.10 Nghe nhin (Sy vat khéch quan) phai cho ky. 32.11 Suy nghi phai sau sée. 32.12 Trach nhiém ngudi inh dao lap ra ky cuong xa hdi, “16 chide x4 hoi, quin I kinh W: Khuyén dan day manh san xual, luu thong... lo cho din dit dn, day hoc dao nghia, sng c6 vin boa Id nghia, gia gin an ninh xa hoi. ving (hin van, lich phip hursng din néng 32.14 Lap ngoi hoang eye tae gid dao irung chinh: gdm: dung nhin Gi, gidp ngudi yOu, nén cudng hao, bidu duong nguéi thién, trig i, xd bé phe cinhy digu hoa duoc khi haw thoi Uét. KEt qué: hudng phic le tho khang fiu dai. 32.15 Ddi Tru. tir vua quan dén dan d@u chia phe canh, thi hin tranh cup nhau, ky cuong lon xdn, phap lua dao dién vi bén urén thién Heck 32.16 Vua ding nhin tai thi nban tai sé theo ding tidu chudn ding din cua vua, giér yen bon phuong. 32.17 Khdng bat nat ké nghto hin, né nang ngwii quyén quy 66 li ding "thign Ij" va hop "nhan Lam", ‘Trai vii luin do Khong Tir: Lé bat ha thé nhan. hinh bit hucng dai phu". Din ching su binh dang trong xél xu & doi Luong Va Dé. 45- Ding ngudi chi cét ¢ tai nang, khéng khinh nghéo hén, trong quyén quy - dé la hop "Vuong dao". Guong tat di Neuy Thai VG va Téng Thai tong. 32.18 Phuong phap dao tao bdi dudng tac thanh, biéu duong, dé bat nhin tai - st Jam cho quéc gia thinh vucng. (Nghién nhén tdi) (ti méi). 32.19 Céch nudi ké si; cach cho ho hung Ibe, sao di dé gic long thanh liém, ding cho ke xdu lam dy vao. 32.20 Phan biét vuang dao (hay ho, tt dep) va ba dao (xdu xa, kém cdi) & chd 66 thigh tu, 66 be dang hay khang? 32.21 Dang higa tai, gid sy cong bang chinh truc 6 la theo ¥ Trai. 32.22 Ddi vdi ke dudi cuong hay nhu la ty timg déi tugng. Doi Dong Chu va dii Dudng ting xir voi chu hau khang ding céch. 32.23 Chi vua midi c6 quytn ti cao: tie oai (ae phic (thuong phat), cy thé chi tiét ra @ 8 quyén:. Tse, Ic, thang, truat, cho, doat, giét, tha. 32.25 Cau "bé t6i khong duge tic oai te phe” khong dp dung d6i vGi tudng chi huy & trdin tin hay ngodi ctra Khu lod guy in idm du tu), 32.26 (¥ nghia viéc) Boi dé sidp quyét doan vige hd nghi. va dinh ri nhung con phai béi va phai hoi § kién nhdn dan: Céch tién hinh - Chuyén may ké ve vige phign lao, dé dan ca thin. 32.28 Vua ob dée (Gt. chinh Ienh wt thi thiri ace thuan hia, mia mang (61, din no dim (siéu hinh!) 4632.29 Lai n6i vide tam cia vua cing c6 14 dangnhythé. 32.30 Vua quan phai cin ci thoi tidt te xdu ma sé6t vide minh lam duge hay bong trong timg thei gian ing vGi thit bic, chite vy. Cac quan sai lam cing gay hai, khng duge dé cho mot minh vua. (Mau thuin?). 32.31 Xem trdng sao dé dodn quan hé gitra quan vdi dan, vua vdi quan. (Thuat chiém tinh, 33. La Ngao (Lai can Va Vuyng dig nhan ché Ngao do muse Ty Lir dang céng). 33.1 Vide khai thong dudng si 4 dé di lai trao d6i, voi uk phuong chy khong phai dé mé rong dat dai (xam luge). 33.2 Lao thiin fa Thigu cong can vua, vi lo rng viée ham vat la sé din dGn ham mé, truy cau 6 bdn phuong. 33.3 Phan ddi vig 33.4 Viée vua nudi ché bén minh, Lé Qui Dén cho la bat nha. 33.5 Vua nvdi thi dé choi ho dan va he phai cung phung roi sau bi mat nude - Lé Qui Don dan chitng miy truting hop. ¢ ham ding ca la. giy vat va cho din. 33.6 "Khong kién tri nét nho két yc lam hing dae len" (quan hg gidta tac phong sinh hoat voi dao dite chinh tri ca vua quan). 34, Kim Diing (Chu Cong khdn 16 tién, xin chét thay vua) 34.1 Vige chu xin t6 tin [i theo tue nha An con dé34.2°KE va binh luan v@ quan hé ndi bd anh em vua nbd Chu: Chu cong la cht vua gid chic phy chinh bj ve c4o, phiii tranh dja vj. Sau vua con xem trong bop thily 1Gi Chu céng xin chét thay cha minh, thi cim dong, dén dng ta vo. 35. Pui cdo (BO cdo vige danh dep hai nguisi em Jam phan) 35.1 Wa Canh dong doi vua aha An, nhan co bdi ndi bd vua Chu mat don két da néi diy. 35.2 Thanh Vuong dem quin di danh Va Canh. 38.3 Buvic vao chién tranh la vige Ién, nén phai: a- néi rd minb baah dong dé cétu dan. b- Boi qué dé quyét doan. 36. Vi tirchi ménk (Cac ménh phong chi Vi tk nude Téng) 36.1 Cach di xi cita nhit Chu di véi dong d6i nh Hy va nhs Thuong: phong cho dit ring dé An loc, gitr vide th cing tién vuong. Coi nhu khach. [ Day la miu mye cho d&i sau) cha Trung Quéc. Con Viet Nam thi khong thé: Nha Tran bo nha Ly, HO bo Ti 36.2 Cc vua sing nghiép cong dite Kin nén dong dOi git ngoi duge liu. Con Khdng Ta v6 cong Wn vi van héa cing dugc mudn dai (On trong. 37. Khang cio (Cac ménh phong Khang Thiic & nuse Ve) 37.4 Bign giai vé vi tri dit phong cia Khang Thic. 4837.2 Bign giai vé Idi van cba chuong nay Ia cita Vb Vuong (cha) cht khéng phai cia Thanh Vuong (con) Chu Céng (chi). 37.3 Phong dat cho nhi8u ngudi cing ho la cét dé ché ngy ning nguii khac ho. 37.4 Giéo duc truyn théng: nhc Jai cong fao vit va khai sang cla ngudi trudc. dé khuyén ngudi sau nén cin than git gin thanh qua. 37.5 Céch hiéu msi v8 cai tr} bing dao dite k&t hop voi luat phap: cin thin hinh phat tic la chm tim céch trir bo hinh phat. 37.6 Théi quen viét siz qui cong cho ngwdi trudc. 37.7 Phé tién nho hiéu sai § vn & chwong nay. 37.8 Thay déi phong tuc "xdu" cia dan Ti kh6 (chi bon cumng hao xim daat, vd on vo 18). 37.9 Hoe nhitng bai hoc lich sir thoi trudc, két hop chim chute vite ngay nay. theo didu gi tién loi... thi st ed phép tri nude hay. 37.10 Coi trong Idi gido hulin cia bac Hao thinh (ngudi da 6 kinh nghiém): coi trong ngudi cé kinh nghiém. 37.11 Céng vige hiing ngay cha vua quan: Iam vige Qn ty vi divi sing cia dan, Nhirng vi dy sinh ding vé ké 6 ngOi chi biét hucing lac. quén nhiem vy "be tren” (cho hae an Ide-Vé ¥ céng doi Xuan Thu), 37.12 Ding die két hop dung hinh phat. Sang suét dung hinh phat thi din phuc. 37.13 nhu tren, 37.14 Két 4 tw hinh ohung chua (hi banh ngay. Con dé nghi 4937.15 “Ding chinh sdch cia nba An dé cai tri dan dat An" (phap luat 6 chigu cé dén phong tue ving din t9c?). 37.16 Dan dp tu tudng "va chinh pha” va bon ding vin-é' hoe nghé thuat mé tin lam logn chinh sy, ri long dan. (M&t tran tu tudng x ). 37.17 Dé phng bon gian than mi dan Idi kéo quan chong ri cudp ngdi nhu cOng tir Bao. Vuong Mang. 37.18 Tip trung uy tin cho vua: 8 16i Fam diéu gi tt nén quy céng cho vua. 37.19 N&u be t0i ty § Tam vide t6t dé cau ting khen riéng thi nén giét di (Tu auéng chuyén ché tuyét doi do Chu Va vuung méi dit ra). 37.20 Cai céch nén cé mic do, dig lam qué manh "thay d6i ri boi" dan khong chju ndi nhu Vuong An Thach, Tang Holng Duong. 38. Twcio (Ran Khang Thae khong nén ung rugu) 38.1 Bign luan ai fa te gid dogn van nay (VBH) [Textologic}. 38.2 Cac tim guong phan ditn vi udng rugu ti doi c6 den d0i Nguyén. 38.3 Céc tim guong vé ngSn clim udng rugu tir dos doi Tong. 38.4 Nhing trudng hop duge udng rugu. 38.5 Nén t6 chite cho dan o6 viée lam Sn, ho chuyén clin, khong nhin rdi, dé bo 16 udng regu. ci din 50Céng vie hang ngay cia vua, quan va dan phai lun ban ron. 38.6 Udng rugu tige vui nén cé mac 46. 38.7 Dan oh’ Chu cing bj té nghién rugu tir nha: An lay sang. 38.8 Rugu la quéc cfm, la thudc doc. Dé chin té hai phai ding hinh phat nghiém khac. 39. ‘Tu tai (LOi vua Va vuong khuyén Khang Thic) 39.1 Trach ohii cho tinh @ ‘m cia quan 4& trung gian phan anh, {am 6 dui thing dgt lén trén. 39.2 Thuong x6t ngudi g6a bya... ctu déi trong nim mat mua, bd bot 16 nghi dé cho ngudi ta co thé dé dang két hén. acéo (Thu cha Thigu Cong Thich bao céo vua Thanh vuong vé viéc xdy dung kinh dé Lae 4p) Dé yen thé nude, 40.1 Ban ky vé muc dich dyng dé mo va phai dua daa d&q (khong phai dé an tri dan Fam phan). 40.2 Hai vi phy chinh cing bin vigc dyng dé mdi 6 phia dong. a 40.3 Ban luan vé chudn bj dung dd, dung ohin lye, no (tranh ludn vii hoc gia ho Thai va ho Ngo). = 40.4 Thanh vuong (rd nén vua gidi fa ahd c6 Chu Cong va Thi¢u Cong: bai cdo nay ching t6 didu d6. 40.5 Muén didu khién ngudi din tc (nha An) phai thong qua cdc thi Tinh ngudi dan the. Bign bach v8 cach higu ¥ cau vin. 5140.6 Tam quan trong cia dinh dé déi gia. 40.7 Bon digu Thigu Cong khuyén Thanh vuong. 1, Khéng bd bie lao than; 2. Kinh trong dan; 3. Thu phye cae thi linh dan we; 4. Khong sét hai dan thudng. 40.8 Nhan manh vige “thu phyc” céc di than cG cia nha An. 40.9 Cac vua déxi Han, Duong biét trong guong sup dé doi Ha, Thuong, vi con chau hu don. 40.10 Lay din chimg lich sir doi Ngo dai ching minh cho Ii khuyén: khong nén giét hai din thudng hang lot cia Thigu cong, [a ding. 40.11 Dimg qué cdy & qué bdi cho bidt "ménh tdi" cho dong ho minh Tam vua a, Phai sira dc cho 161, vi ménh tdi fa bat thudng. 40.12 Thuong yéu dan [a cai gée dé hudng ménh (rai dai lau, ding cd juyén dan, cau cong lam gi. 41. Lac cdo ( BO cdo viée dinh dé & &p Lac Cir Chu Cong & Iai cai tri). vio ménh quée 41.1 Bié 41.2 Than trong trong viéc dinh dé: Phai hai in gieo qué b6i (rude va sau khi xay dung. 41.3 Vige doi dé céc Tin sau va sy suy dn cia nha Chu, 41.4 L8 Qui Dén chim cau, giai nghia c&u c6 vin Kinh thu. § nghia chi "diin bio". 52 ~41.5 Vige ghi nhfn cng lao cia nguvsi truse 6 § nghia Khuyén khich déi vGi ngudi sav. Tam Iy “tong gong" nay, ngudi lanh dao cn bit. 41.6 Thac mac mét cau nghia khé hiéu. 41.7 Khuyén vua phai dé lugng, kiém ira thudng xuyén clip dudi. 41.8 Ké dudi thanh tam phung sv ngudri trén thé hign & ché 18 vat day di. 41.9 Phé binh ho La giai nghia xuyén tac mOt cau trong kinh. 41,10 Vian dé hoa mye giita céc nutte chu hau. 41.11 Phé binh tiSp mot cu che gin s 41.12 Nhu trén 41.13 Tiép dai chan ha cong phai nghiém tac kinh clin. 41.14 Kinh can nhung khong dae bidt qué mae nhulé “eau tich* vi bon quyén than divi Han. 41.15 Tom tat ¢ nghia cia thién Lac céo va Thién cdo. 42. pa si (Chu cOng kéu goi cdc si phu nha An khi moi sang Lac Sp) 42.1 Livi yu goi dua ra fa thé thie thong thudng cba mot ngudi mdi nhiim chic. 42.2 Chi danh digt nhing chu hau gay sy, ching ddi. 42.3 Vige dung lai cde quan cia tridu dai ci Ta dé sy cong dai dong” cha vua mai (thu phy Ging lép tri thie & ). 42.4 Phé binh Thai truyén higu sai. 5343. va dit (Chu Cong khuyén Thanh vuong cham Jo chinh sy, ché nén nhan dat) 43.1 Phai thong cdm vdi ndi val va cia ngudi lao dong sin xuit ra long thyc dé nudi vua quan. 43.2 Vua quan & trén dan nhung phai bit kinh dan so dan phusg ménb trai. 43.3 Vua hét long cham lo dén dan thi dn kinh mén vua nhu cha me. 43.4 Néu dan phi bang chi trich thi nén nhin I6i, dimng sai ngudi dd xét hodc dé vay cho nguvi khac. Dan oan thi rit nguy. Khi ho ndi diy thi khong cou van dugc. 43.5. Dan ofn ghét khi vua ~ Bi€n loan phap do ~ Choi vai, vo vét. 44. Quan Thich (Thigu Cong Thich xin vé huu, Chu Cong gid lai) 44.1 Chitng minh lai ring Chu Cong khéng c6 § xin v8 hou 6 chuong tren. Thai TRim gid thich sa 44.2 Ding hign (ai rng rai, khong cau né 6 mot loai (ding cp) nao. 44.3 Nhan tai (quan gidi) la can ban. M6t minh vua gidi khOng 06 quan gidi gidp sttc cing khong thinh tri. 44.4 Nan (ii can ban, Vua phai lo chon cho ding, dung nham ngudi xiu thi nude suy (chting cd ddi Tong dung Sai Kin, Chuong én...) 5445, ‘Thai trong chi ménh (Cac ménh phong tute cho Thai Trong, con Thai Thic) 45.1 Thai Trong la con t6t (gitr duge long trung va xa 161 cia cha tie cing Fam tron dao hiéu) 45.2 Thanh vuong rin Thai Trong git thé ché ddi teude. Lé Qui Dén ché nude Lé thay d6i phép danh thué, thu qué ning cia néng dan (vugt Ig ca 1/9). 45.3 Thay ddi thé ché dai trudc cing cin nhung khong duge gay réi loan. 45.4 Cach ché ngu chu hau: tuyén b6 ph4p luat cho din nghe, khong cho bon ho ty dt php ché, cha viét riéng (git quyén chuyén ché, tap trung). 46. Da phuimg (Loi ba cdo cla Thanh vinmg sau khi diét nue Yén) 46.1 Lé Qui Dén bién lun bac bd cach gidi thich ci TO Tuan (b5 To Déng Pha). 46.2 Sy gidp do to Ién cua Chu céng vi Thanh vuong trong hoat dong quan sy (dénh dep) va cim quyén ndi chung. 46.3 Phuong phap chinh sy cdn ban la "Ta ro die (8t va can than hinh phat’. 46.4 Tri dang ké c6 t6i, tha ngudi oan udng, thi dan cd gang lam diéu thign. 46.5 Thanh cing hoa ra ngu néu khong suy nghi. Cudng cUng héa thénh néu biét sua minh - ¥ dé cao su tu dung, c6 gang tin tha sé duge dan gid lai. 5546.6 Rén luyén dao dite phai kién tri, 6 nghj lye khic phyc ban than. 46.7 Cach chim cau, hiu mOt doan van. 47. Lap chink (Thu cua Chu Cong khuyén vua Thanh vung) 47.1 Danh higu nhing chitc quan co ban, di ndi chwong nay (Lé Qui Dén danh gid). 47.2 Nhimg chic quan Ta rt cin, Nhung quan trong hon t Yam nhirng chitc ay. 47.3 Chu Cong khuyén Thanh vuong phai dung ke si gidi, thye hanh 9 die tt. Lé Qui Dén cho rang Chu cong cé tiép thu dugc kinh nghi¢m cia ddi trudc (trong séch va). 47.4 Can dao (ao ca ede nhan tai dy bj ké cin (dé ding theo thir tur) 47.5 DB bat-phai din dan, ting bucie phai co thai gian tap sy. 47.6 Dic 161 cha quan (bay ti) La: Trung nghia (dé Joan) khoan dung (11 din), quyét dodn, ding mic. 47.7 Giai thich mot doan vin. 47.8 Dat quan phan chic (phan cing. 1¢ 1di lam vie): 1. Khong 6m ddm cong vie cia ngudi dudi (dAn Idi Lé TS Khiém khuyén vua Téng). 2. Xét tai trao chic (ding nguéi dung chd), 47.9 Tin nhigm giao vige cho cée quan nhung khong khodn trdng, phai co kiém tra. 47.10 Ba digu tam niém khi van hank chinh su cira nguvi iu 561. Than trong (viéc chp phép, quan sy, kinh té...) 2. Hai hoa: can nhac moi vite cho théa ding. 3. Kinh cdn: e dé, kinh fin. 47.11 Thupt xét ngudi (danh gid): Idi ndi gian dj thiét thyc Ja ngudi tt. Vin hoa, phi phiém, lém linh fa gian ninh. Nghe Iti néi dé bit tu tudng (cai tam), xem vige lim dé bidt dong co (cai dich). 47.12 Thuit dung ngudi: Phai c6 giao viée dé thir thach rbi méi danh gis duge. 47.13 Khong dung ké tu nhan gian njnh. 47.14 Hinh phat xi cong minh thi dan tin, hét long hy sinh vi vua ngay ch kbi ho phai ra tran. . 47.15 Viée twin phong dé bao vé trong lanh thd 13 cin thigt nhung vuot ra ngoai ma "khai héa” nude ngudi ta (chang han vugt ra ngoai NgG Linh) la ngu - Doan nay chiri bon banh tudng rit kha. 47.16 Nén chon dung nhang nguiti cé diéc trung thye, ving yang, khéng that thudng. 47.17 Khon ngoi Té Phin Sinh Ram us phap gidi. 48. Chu quan (Lii-vua Thanh vuong hun thi bach quan) 48.1 Giai thich cdc chit "Tam cng’, "Tam 6" 1a chite ‘idm chit khong phai c6 nguisi Ram dis. 48.2 Thai han cdc vua chu hu dén chau thién tir abit Chu. 48.3 Phé binh hoc git ho Ngé cha gisi khdng ding mot 48.4 Quan lai 6 cic nude doi Chu c6 t6i hang van ngudi(?) RT48.5 Vé dao dic, vua phai lam guong cho quan to, quan to Tam guong cho quan nhd: phai chim lam chinh sy. 48.6 Séu quan Khanh kiém chic tam thai tam thiéu. 48.7 Nhigm vu "bao quét chung” ciia cdc dgi thin. 48.8 Nhiém vy quan Tu ma. 48.9 Ché d6 "cong hoa” ban dau nhu thé no. (Nhigu ngudi cé chic ham ngang (2 tudng). 48.10 Dao dite dem nghia cong diét tu tim, chi cong vO tu duge giai thich Ia: khong tham lam (tai héa s&c duc) si dién, ty kiéu, chi quan, theo bia. Chm diéu ich qude Igi dan. 48.11 Cée Idi day hay: ~ Hoe gidi dé lam vide, khing hoc thi nhu quay mat nhin vao bite vach. ~ Phai thing thn trung thyc, ding Ito 14. - Phai bigt quy&t dodn khi can. 48.12 Phai c6 nhi (To Uy lo 48.13 Khng kiéu cang, xa xi, phi kim 16m Gt kigm Ta dao dife ngudi Lim quan. tinh say mé vdi cong vige chinh su. m thué eho dan). 48.14 ¥ nghia dite cung, dic kigm. 48.15 Ché d6 tin cir ngudi hign, va trach nhiém lien déi. 49. Quan tran ( C4o ménh phong cho Quan Tran ~ gitt chic thay Chu cng méi mét) 49.1 Chua r6 lai lich Quan Tran, chi biét 18 ngudi c6 dite t6t Ta duge. 5849.2 Lé Qui Dan dan Ta truyén phé binh gin tip phong tye c&, chi biét trong quy than ma quén viée Hy din Tam gise, 49.3 ThOi nghi di khéc (tinh hinh d4i thay) thi khong thé git nguyén chinh sich ca. 49.4 Phai kin déo, co muu, dimg dé 1 sy higu 6 ca minh. 49.5 Xét xis cir theo Jé cdng bing, khong nén dén § bE trén: bae giét thi giét, bao tha thi tha, 49.6 Dan ngoan nganh chua cam héa thi nén nhan nai bao dung. Tién cir nguai luong thién dé khuyén khich Agudi chua luong thign, bit tt phai cir chuyén dung hinb phat. 49.7 Ngudi ta tinh vin thign, vi vat duc héa ra bac dc. 50. Coménh (Lai vua Thanh vuong din lai khi sdp mat) $0.1 Coi trong san xuai ndng nghigp. Cac vide khéc khong duge can tré tsi nd nd. 50.2 (Gido duc vua (ré) Phai ngin chan nhong didu tidu cy tir lic m6 moi manh nha. 51, Khang vuimg chi cio (Khang vuong tra lai Quin Tran) 51.1 L8 Qui Dan bign giai va din chung: du binh yén cing khong nén quén vide vo bi. Phép phi binh ngu binh u nang [2 tt. 5952, Tét ménh (Khang vuong ban sfc cho Tat Cao Cong ra tri dt Thanh Chu) $2.1 Ding phip d6 dé lam khudn miu. Nhung chinh sich cy thé phai theo phong tuc va tiy thai. 52.2 (Phé phan |i bin cia hy La) Vin chi dé: Bidu duong ngudi thién va gido huain ke khong phyc ting. 52.3 N6i 10 §: Chinh séch phai sira theo phong tuc. 52.4 Vige giao duc con em nha quy8n quy khdi kiéu sa dam dang. 52.5 Cai tt} theo duo trung dung, nghia Ia nghiém khac va khoan dung hai hda nhau. 52.6 Gido duc nhan dan phai bing thé hé mai cd thé thay di duge tip tue (phé phan cach hiéu cia hoe gid ho Vuong va ho Dong). 53. QUAN NIIA (Chu Mye vuong sai Quin Nha lam chic Tu dd, coi vide gido due) 53.1. Dain duge an ninh thi ho vui sing. Néu bat an thi ho liéu mang. Do 1a nguy co gay ra loan 53.2 Chéng tide cuc (tra nguy gian ta, théi xdu) bing cach 6n dinh san xudt, nang cao dévi sing, va gido duc dao dic cho dan. 54. Quynh méah —(Céo ménh cla Muc vuung sai Ba Quynh lam chide Thai Bc chinh, tuyén dung quan li $4.1 Thi trudng duye quytn tin ci nguivi mhung can dé phing té hdi [6 (cho nguds 16 Ta tu), 60$4.2 Lay sch khéc ching minh rang Myc vuong can thin, khong phai phong tGng, thich ngao du bo ca vide nude nhu séch Ligt Tir chép. 55. Lithinh (Lisi vua Muc vuong sai Lit hau céng b6 hinh Juit cho toin dan) 55.1 Lé Qui Dén tan thanh ché d6 phat tin d6i voi cae 10 nhe, cho d6 [a phan dao. 58.2 Thovi dai thay di thi phip Iudt cing phai sira d4i cho phir hop (thuding c6 chi tiét va giam ahe bét hinh phat - co ditu giiim nhe nhéng tdi con nga). 55.3 Lé Qui Don tan thanh ché d6 bat chude toi bang ign Gi vdi cdc 10i con nghi ngé (dé ngudi ta dau x61 vi ti&c). C6 ban ky céc thuyét khde ahau, $5.4 Ding hinh phat qué nghiém kh’c thi din oan. Bat dac di méi phai ding va ding thi ding mirc. (So sénh vua rey Hitu Miéu vi vua Thudin, hai Gm guong cang thing nit vii 16 ché, va due phd bién rng bing cdch cho rao ngoai dudng. déu cd Ta: ke c6 quy2n thi ding uy quyén, ké 6 itn thi ding hdi 16 dé lam loan phdp. quyén. $5.7 Cat nghia lai mot 55.8 Nhu trén. 55.9 Vi du vé van dung nhang tinh 18 giam nhe, va xiz phat cdt dé ra oai, rin de. Tranh luan vii Lic gia Thai Trim, 55.10 X61 xir c6 cha ¥ dén ho’tn canh, do vo tinh ma pham ti... Khi so sénh phép dién thiri Ngu (Thudn) va au cho 10 (khae v ‘ach hidu co). 61Chu phai tua § théi dai da cach xa nhau 1.000 nim, han c6 thém bot khéc nhau. $5.11 Gidi thich cha kim ngay xua Ta kim loai, khong hin chi la vang (nbn nGi ve sé "kim’ dé chude Wi). 55.12 (Nha dot tir nde thi khé cha) Ngudi trén pham thi ky cuong ri loan, phap luft mit hét cng bing. 55.13 Giai nghia mot cau vdn cho [a ding § Myc vuong. 55.14 Naud én ha laong thign 6 Kong nh Ai i bie trong xét dodn méi xit kién duge. 55.15 Nguisi xit Gn pha c6 di ca hai dic thanh liém (khong tham 1i@n, tham sc) va thong minh (biét céch xét doan, khong mo hd) mdi xét xir tt due. 55.46 Té hai cua quan toa xua may: huy tang chang, thay den di tring dé An tin. 56, Vin hau chi ménh (Chu Binh vuomg sai Tain Van Hitu lam chic Phurmg ba) $6.1 Lé Qui Don can ed cach dizng tis, giai thich: vin bin nay do doi sau viét ra, 56.2 Nha Chu da suy nhung nhé cd vua Tan lam ba cha phd gidp... 57. he (Ba Cam vua nutte LG thé su é dat Phi khi di dinh Hoai Di va Tir Nhung) 57.1 Lé Qui Dan giai thich: Khong Ter chon dua thin fly vao day dé phan nao thay duge Ié nghia nha Chu cbn s6t lai 6 dé thé nda. 57.2 Binh phap cia Ba Cam [i theo binh phap cua Chu céng thei xua dé lai. 6257.3 Lé Qui Dén chimg minh trong cud chién ngay xua da 06 din céng phyc dich cho linh chin dau. 58. Tan thé (Vua Tan Muc cong h6i Si v8 sai Tam trong hanh dong quan sy, thé cdo voi quiin than) 58.1 L€ Qui Don phong doan ngu ¥ kin déo cia Khéng Tir khi dua thign nay vio. 38.2 Lé Qui Don d& cao phong cach tw héi 18i, tw phe binh. Cho d6 fa mat diac tinh rit quan trong cia ngudi lam vua, di huiin y s@ lim cho dong doi cita ho thinh vugng lau dai. chip nhin su phan bi nguisi khdc dé tri tué cin dé dinh méi khdi sai Tam]. 58.3 Bai hoc rit ra vin jung ngudi hién tai, xa lia ke xdu (chudng ngudi gian di chinh true, ghét ké bem mép). 58.4 Nhan tai 1a yu t6 quyét dioh su suy thinh va ton vong cita quée gia. Din ching mu ngudi cy thé: ~ Ngwdi tt: binh di, chinh tye, ham d dung. khiém nhudng, hay én ct nhan cai, doan két “duce ngudi khae. turduy chinh xe, quyét - Ke xu: gian ninh, ghen ghét, ngin cin ngudsi gidi hon minh. 63TRICH MOT SO DOAN NOI VE V1 TRE CUA DA - Dai vit ndi vi Thudin rang: "Die dé biéu hi chinh su hay. Chinh sy hay I nudi din no di’, day con chu ring: "Dan Ia géc cia nuvic, adc vang thi dan mdi yén". Nga tt chi ca 8.3. - "Chin chau trong thién ha, hang van nude chu bau cng phung thd mot ngudi, ngudi fy la vua, Dd cOng tign, 16 thué mang cdng nap tuy cach song bign nhung khng noi nso khGng mang dén kinh ky... Vua sai kbién chi huy, noi mio cing phyc ménh 14 cS mudn duge yén én lam Sn, duoc thuong x6t ni kh6. Nu vua chi theo § thich riéng, khong dé ¢ gi dn din thi dan sé khong chju theo * ménh, bé ti sé héa thanh thi dich... d& cho thién ha khOn cling thi loc trai sé hét hin. _ ngutri ding so chang phai Ia dan vu?" Ngu ti chi ca. 8.4 = "Vua va ti & doi thinh Uj kbuyZn khich nhaw 66 gang... cing chi la thé theo lé trdi, thuan theo long dain ma thai". Ca dao m6 4.5, = Va vung noi: "Trivi thuong dan, long da ¥ tréi phai theo". “Trdm ho kéu vei tr ma via Kigt bj digt vong... Mudin cho dan khoi odin thi nguyfn rua thi nn nhu thé nuo? Chi c6 giam bet hinh phat, thu he 16 thué ma thoi". di mudn, Thang ce 12.1 64- Duong thai Va vung, Vo vuong da nhiic lai lei noi cita c6 nn: "V8 v8 ta thi fi vua cia ta, Gan hai ta thi fa ké ths cia ta® Trai thd hg 29.1 + "Vua 2 cha me din® nén higu la gbm cé gido duc va nudi dudng din méi day dit Thai thé thugng 27.1, - Nhing vige lam quan trong (nhu déi d3) thi phai hoi g dan, cng khai ban bac voi din thudng, Ban Canh 19.1 ~ Ra oai tan sat, lam thién ha dau khd, vua Try nha Thuong vi thé ma mit nude. Giét ngudi nhur lam 0, vua Thay Hoang nha Tan vi thé ma nguy vong. Thigu co 40.10 ~ Ngudi xua hay giai hich mot dong ho nao dé fam vua li do duge mgni tri. L@ Quy Don néi: Ting, ma thigni thi duge ménh tdi, Dao ngudsi bat thign thi mit ménh trai. Thé dai dai hay ngin, von ching cé gi fa nhit dah’... Thidu c4o 40.11 + Thigu cong khuyén Thanh vuong: ding. cach thuong yéu dan dé duge hudng ménh trai dai lau. Qua cau dé ta thy 1 due edi goe dé hudng ménh toi lau dai 2 6 thuong dan... Thigu edo 40.12 6566 - Thign ta ciing cdc quan khanh, dai phu hang ngay Ain mac, d&u lay & dan, Ngudi néng dan sudt nim cn ci lao dong, khong duge nghi ngoi chét nao, dén mira mdi c6 sy vui mimg thu hoach. Méi hat com & trén mam déu la md hi nude mat cia ndng din vay. ‘Théc gao dem ndp vio kho nha nude chita day & kho nha vua, ngudi ta chi thdy dem dén 46 d& dang, cho may ai bit nghi li déu mai cd théc gao 4y?.. N&u khong higu biét, thi tha hO phong da nhin dan, cho ring ngutri dusgi cung cp nd cho ngudi trén fa le thudng, My cha thién ha Lam cua ridng, chic ring tin cba cha thiGu, bay gid mdi dénb thug tan dc, trung thu ngang ngugc, dé thoa mo nhu chu cia minh. VO Dat 43.1 + C6 nguisi bao ring “iiéu dan ho mang nhiée nguoi", thi ngui cing phai tu tinh, tog long kinh cén, nhdn Bi, i cua ta’. Vua Dai Va, vua civa thign ha fa tdi cita minh cho nén hung thinh rat chéng. Vua Kiét, vua Tru c6 161 Idi lai dd cho ngudi khae nén nguy vong rit mau. Vo Dat 43.4TVA Toi thudng nghe tr thién ha khong thé khong c6 chinh sy, ma xua nay ban chinh su thudng cin co 6 Thugng thu. Bdi vi trudng hoe cia thai thugng cd, mia déng mia ha cho hoe Kinh Thu, ma ngudi nha ‘Tan chi trong Kinh Thu, ngudi ta khen sich dy I kho chia nghia ly. Hai divi dé (1) ba ddi vuong (2) chju ménh edi ma tr) din, Ii day tt, muu md hay, rudng mdi rong, dién chuong Ion, nhing diéu khanh si phi higu rd, quan tu phdi noi theo, von khdng cai gi la khng c6 trong dy. Ti Nghiéu Thuan dé ddi Doanh Tan (3) trai hai nghin nm, tir Tan da nay, lai mot nghin chin trim nim, cdc thinh cli cia dat Ky dit Bac, dit Phong, dt Cao, dit Giép ahye(4), du xua mo mit khong hdi vao dau duge, chi cbn cé vai chuc thién sich ma thi. Nhung mé xem thi tim tinh eda thanh nhan ranh ranh abu mdi; nhGng lai day kinh cung, tinh nhdt, nhizng vigc am cham thudng ché dung, ciing Ta phap dién dé Iai, ky cuong stra sang, nhing chinh lénh kinh (roi, thuong dan, séng dic, than hinh, dung nude dit 46, phong tutic chia dit, cdn truyén xudng mudn doi. VS Juin 6 vin hay kim vin, thé ehé va cau vin cé khde nhau, 67nhung dai dé Ta theo dao Ay thi tri, tr4i dyo Sy thi loan, Jam nbu thé thi thinh vugng, khong nhu thé thi suy vong, ro rang nh néu phuong thudc hay luat Ie dé bao moi nguoi ma khong sai may may. Oi! Nhu vay chang phai [a khuén phép myc thude cho mudn dai ru? Chi thick (1) Hai doi dé: Dubng Nghitu, Ngu Thusn. (2) Ba doi wong : Wa VO, Thuong Thang, Chu Van vuemg. (3) Doanh Tan: Nn Tan, nguyen la ho Doanh nén goi fa Doanb Tan (4) Kj: Nude Kg, con chiu cua vua Nghitu duge phong o 46, thudc tinh Son Tay, Ta Be. ~ Bac: Kinh 40 cia nha An kbu, thudc tinh Hl Nam. = Phong: Kinh dd cta Chu Van vuong, thude tinh Thiém Tay. - Co: Kinh do céa Chv Va Vuong thudc tinh Thiém Tay. - Giép nhuc: Kinb d caa Chu Thanh Vuong, thude tinh 1a Nam. Manh Tit c6 6 duge khong?” Thé cho nén ban ic doi thi tir nha Han vo sau, cho gidi ra nhidu, dén nh’ Tong nha Nguyén thi phat huy gin nhu khdng con sét gi nia, Tdi that ngu lau, nghitn ngim lau nim, higu qua nghia in, mbi khi doc cam thy ao dat, If th vO cing, chd nao xde dong ma phat minh thi tay bit chép ra trung din cdc truyén ky, bin bac vige xua nay du fa mudn lim n ching cho sich cia thinh, phan. Ché nao c&t you thi thutng thudng néu ra, 7 mudn cho nhang ngudi lam t6i sau ny, trong khi xem sich va xét minh, thay didu hay digu phai thi hing hai phn khoi. ‘Doc +h ma khOng bit dén ngucri 68thy diéu xu ditu trdi thi so hai ¢ dé, dé ma chim lo cong nghiép, gié gin chuc vu, hoa ching 6 ich. Con nhu noi guong digu lunh, ran dé ditu hqi, git thinh phong suy, séch nay cing ¢6 thé dé nha vua xem ludn bén canh, dung lam cong cu lay dic tri din. Dén nhy nhing loi truyga |i chi cia Lién nho, hoitc ed ché giéng nhau khée nhau va 6 chd dang ngéy thi deu co bién ehiing so qua, vi ring van ty la cia cGng thién ha, ti khong dam nha dinh theo mot chd giai nao ma khong tim xét cho ding ¥ nghia cia ‘ich, cong khéng dim sinh lim ii ban mdi la dé trai vdi Joi bin (rude cua Y Xuyén (Trinh Di) va Khao Dinh (Chu Ky). BO séch nay co 3 quyén, xin trinh bay dai luge nh thé. Nam Canh Hung thi 33, Nhimn thin [1972] thang trong thu {thing 8}. Toi la L6 Quy Din kinh cfn o® te (1) CO Bas twa nay, trong nguyen bin A. 1251 (Thu vitn Khoa hoe xi Oi) bi rach Ma. doan dau. Cauing Wi iy theo bik gibi whigu sdich nay eng muc Vain tieh Chi, sich Lich tie ‘ia Phan Huy Cho. én chuong Newdi dich 69NGU THU 1, NGIUEU DIEN (1) 1-1. Ngudi chép siz khen [sau] ditc: cung, mhuyng (2) cba vua Nghi cuc think. Chit “ta” trong [ede dic] 46.khong thé xem thudng. Sy phan bist that gia, doi tra; phan tach sy ty; thong higu duge chi hudng cia thién ha, Tam nén viée cho thign ha, hon toan do {chit *ta"] 6 ra ch. [Vua Nghiu] than phign vé [Idi tau cua] Phéng Té (4); Hoan Dau 95); cy lai [loi Gu] cha quan tt nhac (6); va ding thir Ngu Thudin [vao viée chinh su] (7). Néu chang phi [fa ngudi] (8) 6 y Ue sau xa thi sao Iam duge nhu thé? Cho nén Truyén khen: "Tai tri caa Nghiéu nbu Thin". Cao Dao mo {8) kh ths "Nght xs". Thign Hng Pham (10) nsi "suy nghi phai thiu ahd, thdu ohé thi ta thanh". vay nén| "kham" va "cing" du fa edt ra tis "Ui" cd, am, minh, van, te, Chal chic (1) Nghiéw dién: ttn mot thito Shu trong Kinh Thu thude Ngu thu thé diga ghi chép su vide ddi vua Nghi¢u. Gol fa Nghidw dign la vi cac toh’ mho xua cho ring cdc su vite ghi chép v8.dbi vua Nghitu c6 thé fam phép the cho dix sau. 70(2) Kham, mink, van, aé, cung, nhueong. Katm: th kioh chn, mind: ta sting su6t, vin: [a vin ve, 6: ft f nghi, suy nghi, cung: Ya cung kinh, ahuong: fa khitm ohuimg (3) Vua Nghiéu: mot vi vua vao dix Thugmg c6 chia Trung Qué, ttn goi fa Phong Huan, fs con vua Dé Coc, ho Y Ky. Lie dau Nghitn duc phong & dat Dao, sav lai duge phong 6 d4t Duimg cho nen nude cia Nghitu c6 én goi lt Dao Dutng. Nghitu 6 ngoi 100 nim, ¢6 con Ta Dan Chu, vi Dan Chu ham mé choi bi nn Nghitu a nhudng ngoi cho ngudi hitn ti fe Thug. (4) Phong Té: be 101 cha vua Nghitu. Vua Nghitu hoi ai 18 ngués dang tin ding? Phong Te n6i: Thai te Dan Chu tt ngutyi dang tin diing. Vua Nghitu than phitn, vi Dan Chu ta ngubi ngao nguge, ham me choi bY. (5) Hoan Déu: 62 tbi cha vua Nghitu. \Vua Nghitu hoi: a fa ngubi fin duye vite? Hoan Dau bi: Cung cbng Bangudi fam duge vite. Vua Nghitu than phitn, vi Cung cing néi phi, ma fam trai, ngo’i mat gid cung kiah, trong bung thi diy kieu ngao. (6) Quan 46 nhac: vj quan evi gid cOng vite cha cée nude chu Nau bon Phuong. Thin vua Nghitw, bGn ngudi la Hy Trong, Hda Trong, Hy ‘Thic, Fda Thic, mAi nguén coi gid cOng viee ca cae mute chu nau & mot phuomg. Vua Nghitu hoi quan Ta nhac ai tri duye nan hBag théy, quan tit nhge cir Cn. Vua Nghitu cu tai Ring: CSn la nguii wy § fam trai meoh, fam hai dn. (7) Ngu Thudin: ‘Thuiin dugc Nghity truytn ngoi va phong & nude Neu, sau iy tn aude lam ho nn cbn goi B Ngu Thufn, Thusin vn ho Dito, te ngusi ft c6 piu, cha la ngudé ngoan e6, me ghé doe 4c, em trai fa Tweg, con me ght, ngao nguge luOn tim cach git ‘ThuSn. Thily vay Thudin ngay ching hét sie edn than gid long hiéu thio, Sau Thun duce vua Nghia ding cho lam cfc vitenhur dtu khién trim quan, gid vige chi t€, Thun du Tam wt, Nghieu lita cho gid th quybn chinh trong mute ba nim rbi trun ngoi cho lam thitn (8) Truy@n: Lite “Thue rriyén" (Sch gidi thich Kinh Thu). 1(9) Cao Dao mé: tn mot thin trong kinh Thu ndi v8 muu mo ké sch eda Cao Dao, vi quan gif vite hinh phat thai vua Thusin (xem thién 4) (40) Hong Pham: ten mOt thien & Chu thu noi ve nhing phep the Km trong ton dat, Xern them of 32.1, ct 1. te 1-2. Trude hét phai Ram sang die sang cia minh, ri sau méi thin yéu véi ngudi than thich, sau nita moi dén vige tr) nude va Tam cho thién ha binh yén. (Lam duge nhang vic ké trén ri] sau cing moi lam dén nhang vite nhur “lich twong” (1). "thy thai" (2). Viée tri vi [phai nén] ¢6 the ty nhu thé. Chat thick (1) Lich trong: xem xix mac ining mBt tri, che vi sa0 dé dinh tho tite, (2) Thu thin: cho dan bit thon vu cay pMt sém muon Nhu thE nto. 1-3, [Dit dai thude] d3i Dudng Ngo (1) cai tri, tuy ndi khong qué chin chi, nhung bi cdi dja gidi cing da xa rong: [Cac vung nhu] Ngung Di, Nam Giao, Mudi Cc, Séc Phuong cing déu chia cée quan nghiém, [viing nao cing} du ta xa dn ngodi ngan dim, Oi! That Ta to lon! Chet théch: @) Doi Dicong Ng: chi din vua Nghitu va vua Thudn, Xem themed Let 3 va 7, 721-4. Chia ra sai Hy Trong, Hoa Trong, lai sai Hy Thac, Hoa Thic, di xac dinh dia phan bd c6i, do tinh bong mAt tdi, Khao xét vj tri cita cdc sao, thuan theo thoi tié1, cha trong vige Zam tudng, xem r6 tinh din, x1 16 If vat. Duisng 16) cai trj khong gi la khong chu 181, 66 phai chi Ich vé mét viée lam lich ma dug dau. 1-5. [Theo lich] ma ditu khién trim quan, moi vie du rong Ién. Chuong nay Ja Idi vua Nghiéu noi tm tt dé sai bao bon vj quan [a Hy Trong, Hy Thue, Hoa Trong, Hoa Thac, thong véi bin phuong trén dé néi 70 cong hi¢u [cua vige lam lich], chit khong phai nguyén do la vi theo thang nhuan dinh ra bon mba cho thanh mOt nim mi duge [higu qua} nhur thé. Doi xua, mdi khi thyc hanh nhan su, At phai dya theo thign thai: khi sao Phong sang sim 6 chinh gida phuong Ding, mac trai mat trdng hdi 6 chd sao Doanh that, thi Lam Jé cay tich dign va ban bd cong vide nha nong. Khi sao Gido, sao Cang sing som hign o phwong dédng (1) thi xong mia mang, chuan bi cong m dat. Da xcm sao ¢ chinh gia dé xde dinh bon mia, lai dat thang nhudin dé dat ra bon mia cho dan biét r6 dutng hung. Moi viée do theo 6 ma du mé mang ca. Khao a (2) Trang doan wren, nai ehir Guie (va Cang (3h) ng’ tach mao (chu cong ® ngo ts eho ay (va an vdy aan ren dich fa: khi SIO°Mao sing sm bite & Phuong (2y..." thi mot ang, wee 731-6. Doi thugng cd, ngudi lam quan d@u I cha-truyén con néi. [Vi vay] quan to nhac xin vua Nghicu cat nbae nbimg nguir trong dam dan] nghéo hin thi méi tim duge bac dai thanh, [Quan Ui nhac lai adi] tim ngudi tai gidi & ridu dinh khong rong rai bang tim & nai thon qué. Séch Ta truyén(1) adi: “Ta Mac dén Co tau (2) khong ai trai ménh [Vua]. Thuan lai lam dep them dae dé bang dée sing [cla minh]. Sach Quéc nga (3) ndi: "Wua Mac nude ngu la ngudi 06 thé nghe bit gid Gn hda [sp thdi dén] lam cho mudn vat sinh thanh tuoi vai". Nhu vay (hi Thudin Ta con vua chu hiu chit khong phai li hang thi dan "Cho Lum vo ho Ngu" thi [hai chi "ho lam can ed chinh. Quan Thai sit (Tu Ma Thién] theo thd bin (ThE gia, bin ky] thi khong di Diu niiy Kim Nhan Son (4) bién bach da 6 ring i, Chit thick (1) Ta mayén: tn sich do TA Kou Minn thin ahs Chu soan ea, ghi hep cite sy kit v2 thisi Xuan Thu. (2) Mae va C8 idu: Mae ta Ong 10 cia vua Thuda, Co sinh ra Thuan. 1nan phy (3) Quée ngé: ten sich do TA Khay Minh thoi nbit Chu soan ra, fa mot loai sir ghi £0 su vide eda (ing mude than Xuan Tha, 14(4) Kim Nhan Son: tise Kim L§ Tung, mot nha nho kon divi Nguyen, {wa Cat phi. Vi Ong & mii Nhin Som nen hoe gid duomg this gor ‘Ong a Nhan Son tien sinh. 1-7. Theo 1 gido thiri c6: vua chu hau mi khi léy vo la lay chin nguisi con gai trudng Fam chinh that, cin chdu va em lam ty thigp. Nga Hoang Na Anh lay vua Thutin, chinh f& da theo Ié gido dy, 1-8, Vua Thudn khi com han vi di c6 dic db eta bie 4 thanh, mOt la &n 6 higu thao, Lim cho [cha me anh em] én dui thufn hia: hai Ia: vui vé uiSp thu § kign hay eiia nguéi khac dé g (6 18 vat, xét rd dao fam nguivi, thyc hanh didu nhan nghia. {Thudn] di dén dau thi (nguii & diy), {nha}, nhudng nhau 6, [rudng}, nhuisng hau bo, (Thuan) & dau thi [o diy] thanh noi dong dc, noi 6 hGi. Tiéng Lim dao ditc, gido héa [cba Thudn] mOt thd, vua Nghiéu 6 chon citu tring cang, nghe tn vii da tia Thulin fi bac thanh nhan foi Truyén khen viée [vua Nghiéul sai chin con trai, hai con gai vi ca cae quan chun bi diy dit trau dé, kho dun dé phung duding Thuiin & noi dng rudng, Co Ie day 1 ndi ve I& cue ky tn trong ngudi bien cua [vua Nghicul. {Cho nén] eau "xem cach y cur xir Iv6i hai con gai ta)" thi cing chi la vua Nghiéu néi tam ra nhu thé thoi tes 2. THUAN BIEN (1) 2-1, Vua Nghicu @ ngdi da 70 nim ma 16 [ngudi con cia] ahi dai t6c con 6 nuvi thn da (2) [chua duge ding), 15béin ke hung bao cdr & trong trigu (3) [chua bj tir ng vice tri (hay chwa xong. Thay lae thién ha 4 cue ky think tri ma moi viée chn c6 nhitu ché chua vita j, non Nehigu suy nghi, mudn 6 nguisi pién tai giup vige dé chan hung va Tam mai [hing ché chua vira § do}. The Di Nghicu st rudt va fy Jam lo ing vi chua tim duge ngudi hit Gi. CO 1e dé Ta vi [NghiGu] khong mun vun vat chon timg ngurdi, dinh tig vige d6 thoi. Thus vin I ng tir ni thén di, mot mai duve efit nhc, thi cd thién ha {ai ny] d&u ngucng vong. Khi Thudn fam quan Tu di (4) thi [moi ngudi] khiing ai dim trai dibu gido héa, khi gid vide didu khién tram quan thi [b quan] khang ai dé hong vide, khi tip tan khach thi [chu haw bon phuong| déu nghitm chinh hoa mye, khing con ke Ing ac. [Bong hinh] chiée do chin (5) Wi dau [thi @ d6] nhur gid lust sim dng, ba nim thir [nbiZp chinh] moi vige déu thunh cong. Neu (Thudin] khong phai ke ngudri co cai nfing kiCt xu, 6 quy md phap tinh (wimg, van dung nhanh nhay thi Lim sao Tim duce nhu thé, Kinh dich 0 6a mat cdch thin digu Khia cho dan vui long ivi su bisn hoa cd vit dan {dé cho ho} thay hét fsu ign hoa chin digu yl” Chai thich (1) Thudin dim: ton mot thide thude Ngv thu, the dién pha ehep sy 76 vite din vua Thucln, Goi fy Thusin din [a vi cite nha alo xara cho ring cde sy vide ght chép vt isi vu ‘Phutin e6 ung farm phép tle cho din ssa(2) Midi site ngreoi con cita nlid dai ide: gdm 8 guid thude Hy Can ‘TAA f& Bé Phan, Trong Kham, ‘Ihic Higa, Qus Trong, 1a 116, ‘Trong Hung, Thie Bio, Ou Ly va 8 ngudd nude ho Cao Duong fa: Thuong ‘Tha, Dai Ngai, Dio Din, Dai Lam, Mang Ging, Dinh Kit, Trong Dung, Thée Dat. Muin séu nguisi nay udu la nguini ti, (3) Bon ke hung hao: a Hoan 1g COng, Cn, Tam Mitu (4) Quan ne di: quan coi git vite IE gido d& day bBo cho dan thin wa Nebidu va voa Thuan, (5) do Chan: mot chiée a0 quy do vua Nghitu ban cho Thusin, day ¥ cht yua Thun, 2-2. Sit kf (1) noi: | khi Ui thay} Nghidu sai Thudin vio rig Adi, xuding song chim, gap lie mus lo, gid ln, sdm chép, Thuiin van di {khong sey hai] va khong bi Tam Jae. Sich KhOng Ting Ui (2) chép: *Khi Khiing tir dip loi Té Du hi, 66 ndi ring: Vua Nghiéu sau khi da (im duye Thun, nhitu phen the [Thun] fam nhieng ¢ kh6 khdin viit va, sai [Thulin] nfim git toun bo quyén chinh gim trim cong nghin vige, nhung khi ‘Thudin nhan nhing céng vice nay thi fim dung ditu * ha, maim tine (3) lai di. Gié mua dtu ang [theo di {61 cia Thudin] khong bj sai ech mat thing bing. [Dieu d6] ching to hinh vi eda Thutin da chm Gng duge vii uroi", Chu ta (4) ndi: "[vide Thuiin duvse sai] vie céinh rirng dudi chin ndi" thi nén tin theo Sir ky da ndi. Con cau “ch t&" thi [1Gi] khing dam tin. Khong thiy [Chu ut} bitin bach abaing digu sich Khdng Tung (ir chép |n6i tren] ding hay sai thé no. W7Chil thich (2) Sit ky: BO sir do Tu Ma Thide dist Téa sean, (2)Sdch KAdng Thing we: “Thing soan, ghm 21 thign, sau Khong Tang divi Han soan tip 2 thita nita, cng la ha quyén. (3) Nam rhué: gm mua, nding, ndng. lan, ao. 0 sach do Khéng Phu, fi bée st thot Tra (4)Chu ne: tie Chu Ty, nba nbo kim diri Téng. 2-3. Cau: "|Ta] hoi cong vide va xét Idi ndi [cia nbd nguoil", thyc khong thay chép trong kinh truyén (1). Khao trong sach chu tir (2) indy c6 chép: "Nghiéu boi [Thuan] ring: Ta muGn trao thién ha [cho nguvi hitn tai, c thién ha khdng theo] vay lim thé nko? [Thudin} thua rang: “git: itu nhat quan, rude sau Khong d4i, di Jam vice nhd khong sinh long tuoi biGng, gid long trung tin khong met moi thi thién ha ty khae nghe theo”. Lai hoi: "Phai phung th (Thuin] wa li: "Phung tho tii”. |Nghicul lai hdr “Nhiém dung ai?" [Thuan] dip: "nhigm dung dat", [Nghigu] hoi: "Cha y cai gi?" [Thufin] dap: “Cho § ngudi". [Trong Cha tir] lai ghép ring: "Nghicu gip Thuan & phia Bac Phuc trach, [hai ngudi) cing nhau (rd chuyén En lée mgt trai] chua x bong diu ma chi nguyén flim ngudi hiSn tai] coa Nghicu da duge thoa man. Chil shich (1) Kini rey6n: chi ogi kan vis 16 thee 78(2) Stich chic ud: ta sich cba ebe nha dao Jie ve ge gil {hei of nhu: 140 Ta, Trang Tu, Tuan Te... soan ca. G day chi sich co Tudn Ta nguds thin obs Chu soga ra, 2-4. Subt ba nam thir [diu khién cong viée chinh sy]. [Thuan] chi cn ec theo chic su, lam hét nhong vie dang lam mi chua kip xy dung dién chuung ché dd, hon nia cing chua Uri t6i bin ké hung bao, [fi vi Thufin| khong dim lam vugt ra ngoai chire phan cua minh thdi. Nhung néu khi ahgn ménh [vua Nghicu| [thue sy} nm git quy®n chinh thi sau dé moi vi moi déu fam dén cd, [khi Sy méi thay rd] mot cdnh lung ruc ro, xde déng long ngudi. Thé mai biét Thanh nhan c6 dd luong sc, kin déo, c6 quy ch sap dit cong vige dau ra diy. [Dé ls dtu] hang ngudi thién cin dau cé thé thy dugc. ‘Ta truyén noi: “vie chinh sy gidng nhu vige nha ng liam vide mat céch thiéu suy nghi, ging nhu ngudi Rim rugng phai o6 bi. [Nhu thé thi di eG] nhiim li cing khong nhiGu. Gia Nghj (1) mii lam Trung dai phu ma da vdi chin hung 18 nhac, dinh lai quan chae, Pham Trong Yém (2) via mai Kum tham chinh ma da nén néng mudn khao x quan lai, bo bGt bon quan bit tai chu may va lam quyén. [Hai ng Gia Nghj va Pham Trong Yém] déu chinh ta nguasi da Tam vide mot edch thidu suy nghi Chi thick (1) Gid Nghi: nguini din Van de nia Tan, khi Ong git chite Trung da: Phu cO kign nghi voi vua xin sita ddi MOL sO chinh sich va chE dO, 72bi cc quan dai thin trong tritu ghen ghét gitm vii vua, Git Nebi Phi di ra tam quan Thai pho. 2) Pham Trang Yen: iam quan din vua Nhan Tong nha ‘TSng. 2-5. Thdi vua Nghicu, hiung van nunie (rong thicn ha phan b6 day dae nhu sao sa, 16 nh nhu quan ed. VE nam, thang, bin miua, ve am lat, v8 cae phép dong do, can d&m vn da thanh phép tle ti lau, Nhimg ngay Thun di tun thé la dé xac dinh lai, théng nhit lai [ede phep the 6]. Néu thiy c6 ch chu thong hat thi truit bo di, "Cac vua cher bau bn phuyong fan lugt dén chu trong bin nam lien, tau bay cong vide cai tri trong nude [nha vua] xét r& cng trang va thudng cho xe va do”, [Nhu thé] thi vi [vua chur hu} no c6 lisi ndi hay, vide Fim (St cé thé diing duve, lién dunge cat nhc ngay, Khang phai deri dén thoi han xét cing tich. Nhu vay 2 viée thudng phat da duge thi han ngay trong lie tcp dai chu hau. D6 la quyén cai quan thin ha ln nat {cia vua thign ta]. Mot nam di tun tha khip To nh (1) tinh vua v6i dan, trén wSi dusti khong gi cach bict nau, khong cin gi bé tic aga, Bon nfim cae nuvte che fiw fin luut dén ctu, vice x6t hoi edng vige chink tj khong dm bd tré. Ay chinh [a tie dung kin dé xoay chuyén (hicn ha Chit thich (0) Tie Whge: hba ngon nui 80 ea bon phucmy: tie Thai Sum a Nam Nhae, ‘Thy Nac, Bie Niue Vuu thign va nay dé eho ede wus chu bu Uén ch’ phuung dong, d@n bin ngon ni2-6. Lori kinh (1) ndi: "Cho (dan] biét ede hinh phat [ma phap] di dat ra, Lai noi: "Dang thi hinh cae hinh phat da duye acu cho [moi ngudil pict, Lai AGi: "Nam loai hinh phat, xt & ba noi". Ho Khong (2) cho ring: t6i lon nhit xir6 eanh dong, [quan dai phu] xir ¢ trong trigu, [ke si] xe & ngodi cho. Sis nha Duong Ngu (3) vé hin ((uong) {tri tOi] thE ma dan big [so hai] khong pham tdi . Lai ndi: "Dai cé xua ve 40 mo dé Lam hinh diu higu khée la vao trang phyc dé kim Thuyng thu dai truyén (4) n6i & hinh (1yeng) ma [dan] khdng pham nia. C6 1é 1a ti fing nhat thi [ve hinh] mae do do sim khong vién gau, toi vira thi [ve hinh] di dép tap, Wi nhe thi [ve hinh] trum khan den, ri dé 6 cde chau cdc Iy ma ngudti ta lay lam nhye. Sach Bach Hd thing (5) adi: Doi Nga dé ve binh (long) ave trang phye néu £0 nim ho Dai xua xie 6 sim, pham t6i edt dau goi thi hel boi muc vao hinh| di dép cd, thd khong dau gi, pham Li phat thi pham (i ti hinh thi [ve hinh] m 66. Thuong thu ndi: "Ngo hinh haw phuc™ nhu vay. fie nha oho doi Han déu vin vio thuy Fling theri thugng eG khong ding dao, cua, baa, [lam ti ngudi]. Cho nga ho noi: “Thii Nghiéu Thudin khoan dung, khéng ding hinh phat”. Chu ur 81a bign ludn ve thuyél nay ritsiu. Ong cho ring chit hinh (1uung) [trong ve hinh] cing giding nhu chr hinh (tugng) mi phap gia da treo hinh (tucrag) [6 cia khuy@t cho thin ha thay), phap da dat ra, fa vé hinh dé bho cho dan biét nzm loai nhyc hinh thdng thuting. [Con cau) khoan dung nam loai hinh phat [bang cach] cho “di day" nghia Ta day di xa dé {16 ong] khoan dung cho nhing ngudsi pham (i nhuc hinh ma xé1 vo Linh o6 thé giam nhe duge. ‘Tai xét thay: thoi nha Ha céch nha Ngu chua xa may. ma trong chinh dién (6) ndi: "Ke dén tructe gids hay sau gid’ d@u gigi khong tha". Thién Cam thé (7) caing 6 cu: "Gi&t dén cd con chau", Nhu vay di bi Ngu cing cé dung nbue hinh. Chi dau c6 phai dit ta hinh phap ma [ai khong ding, ri ed theo cach tri ti theo trang phuc ma c6 thé Ham cho ngudi ta bid i nhuc duye. Chit thich (1) Loi kink: vie toi trong kioh “Thu, (2) Ho Krdng. te Khdng An Quéic, nha nbw ton thisi Han, chuyen nghide eau ve kinh Thuong thy, (3) Doi Duecing Ngv: vive din Duisng Nghitu, Ngu Thun, Xem them chi sb 3 va s6 7 bai 1-1, (4) Thucong thie dai tuyén: bd sich cha gidi kinh Thy do Phuc Sin dri Hn soan. (5) Bach 118 dhdng: Lie Bach hd 1hOng nghia, do Ban CO disi Min soa. 82(6) Chinh digas tae loi trong thie Dan ehinh Kink Thur (7) Cam thé: ton mor tide trong Kin Thu, Xem & 7-1, et 1 27." tet i e6 ling thuong x6t” [ehinh fa da] thong jéu nan vi khong bist ma mac ti. Thién Li hinh (1) ndic "Xu kiGn phai c6 long thuong xot, long kinh na", Tang to (2) ndi:"|nu nhur xét va ict duce Vinh thye cia ngudi pham ti thi] nén thueng xdt (ho] ché che nén vui mimg" [Cac 10i nGi trénJ d&u cing mot ¥ dy ca. Dai sau co ké ding muw thuit dé dua ngudi vio trong, khép ngudi vio toi nding. ROi ty khoe minh [a xét xu sing sudt. Cling e6 ké mugn tigng [li xir toi phai cé long thuong x6t] dé ciu danh va cau khon thudng. [Nhang hang ngudsi dy] that 1a hang ngudi bat han. Chal thich (2) Lae Aint: ten moc thitn trong kinh ‘Thy. Xem (51-1, ¢1 1 @ 2-8. Tang ni: vite Tang Sim, ngudni thi Xuda Thu, fa hoe Ud cla Khéng Te, Cau tren fa loi trong thign Ta Truong Luan ng "Hoan Dau bo nge ira ve cung kinh ahung trong bung vo ng’. Sang dén ddi Thain ma trong eae bé 14i cdn ed chu: "C6 lo gi Hoan Dau", The dar Hoan Diu la ke dai ac. Cung Cong tién cur Hoan Diu t5t [Cun Cang] cing la ding dang [eaa Hoan DauJ. Vi Nghigu cho ring Hoan Dau [a ngudi trong thé t6c non con nin nhin chua trir bo di. Nhung khi Thun bat dau ten ndém quytn chinh Thuan da lam rit ranh mach vide truat bé [ke xiu} 83va cit nhde [ngudi i), di dinh Gi Hoan Dau cing loai vi Tam Miéu, Cén va déu day di xa. Ca It cong la: trén phyng theo ménh vua Nghicu, dudi hoi § cic quan [rdi mdi Tam) chr khong phai vi cé Hoan Dau [66 long] of han bat binh [ma Thudn trj ti]. New nhu vi co nguii ta khong phyc minh ma dem tr} t6i thi gan gidng nbv hanh vi cla Tao, Ma (1). Dé diu e6 phai fa tam dia cia bac dai thanh nhan. Han Phi (2) ndi: "Nghiu mudn truyén thién ha cho Thuan: Cén can, Cung Cang cing can nhung NghiGu khong nghe", Di 6 thye nbu thé, nhung Thuiin chua chac da vi thé ma gidn hai ngudi. Con wori tude vj fa Suing ba di tri thay khdng thinh cong, thi tw minh da dang khép vao (hi roi, con Tam Mi & cdi Hoang che khong phai 1a ngugi dam nhiém chite vi Ién trong (itu chang Ié lai mang long cam phan trude viée Thufin lén nam quyén chinh u? Chil thich: (1) Fao, Ma: Ge Tao Thao va Ta Ma ¥ thi Tam Quite, Hat ngué nay bung da nh nhen, hay nghi ngirva ghen ghe1 nguisi 6 ta. (2) Han Phi: Cong ve nurse Ian thd’ Chién Oude, MOL nguin thich 16 ‘hoc hinh danh vir phép thuat, Lic gia cha bo sich Han Phi ti 2.9, Kinh Thu khea: "Tj 18i bin [ké hung bao] mi thign gn khen: "Tj 10i bon, ke mudi sau tudng 12 6 hai moi cng kin [vi vay] ma cae nude chu hau trong thign ha dong long ton Thun lam thign ta". C6 Ie vi he 84phuc Thuin sng sudt irr bd ko hung dc, mot long thanh thye tin dung ngudi hién. Thi doan va tc dung cua bac thanh ohn limg Vy trong vo wry, khéng phai ngutsi fim thudng c6 thé bi kip dugc. 2-10. {Cac tén| Van T6 (1). Than Tong (2) tuy dou la mi higu (3), nhung cach dit tn thuy cita devi sau Lai bat dau ti day. Chil thick (1) Van 76: miu hito cia thay 15 vua Nghitv. (2) Than Tong: migu itu cba vua Nghiw. (3) Midu hig; khi vua mat thi the chung d trong thai miéu va dteae aruy tn m6 tén Kbvic dé tho 12m dy goi ld mit hi 211. (Thudn] vita bat daw ahiép chinh, ditu khién tram quan [a | lip cae vua chu hau bén phuong va cic quan mue ba (1) [d chin chau}. Vide thu tip Zn ngoc va ban An ngoc (2) cing chi dén c: hang muc ba. Sau dé, khi chinh th am vua thi ban vige [tr] nude] voi cac vua chu Ritu bn phuong, [hoi viGe} céc quan myc o mudi hai chau, khOng bat cdc vua chu hu déu pha cho [chu haul vit va thap; lay dia vi kin higu du nguivi bé. Sy quan thiic, su Hién lac bat du c6 the ty [tir dy]. Doi sau cdc quan thé si, Gt dé, han tinh, thira tuyén d&u a theo § nay ck Chi thich (1) Quan mue bai; quan evi git cae chdu 85(2) Thu din ngoc, bgn din ngoc: An ngoc ia chige n fam bang ngoc quy 2-12, "[Thuan| ban viée trj nude véi vua chu hau bin 2.13. Thun] ban vige cai (ri voi vua chur 86 diing dé lam lin, Cac vua chu Hau khi dén chau tien tir thi thu tap Zn ngoc nOp cho thitn tit, sau 46 thign ti lai ban tré lai, Phuong, mé cira bin phuong rong rai cho trong vige tin cu", chinh fa dé mé duimg cho nguisi hin (ai [lien than]. "Séng mat nhin xem cing viée cia bin phuong, thinh tai nghe biét céng viée cia bin phuong, pha vo sy bé tac" chinh fa dé mo duvng cho ngon luan [nhim nghe duuc li n6i hay noi thing). “Gidi cung moi nguisi fam digu thién, thich hdi, thich quan sét". [Thuan] that [la ngudi] c6 kh ong nhu tri cao che chi, nhu be rOng bao dung. Xem nhimg li Thun khen Nghiou nhu: “Lai néi hay khong dé bj lip liém, & noi thon da Khong bo sot ngudi hién tai, x61 ky Ki mpi ngudsi, bo § riéng theo § nhitu nguisi” thi thay nhing viéc Lam dau tién khi Thuan len nam quyén chinh cing du Pi fam theo Nghiéu ma théi. u bn phuong inh; hoi viée Ta [ban nhang vide] bén trong [trigu ce quan mye ba & 12 chiu ta [hoi nhieng vi cae dia phuong] bén agodi, Cae quan mue b: vua chu hau d&u fa nhong nguiti 6 trach a thudin theo tha thé gitip dé chinh sdch nudi da huge xa, thug nude gin, Ja c6 thé gidp cho viée tj nude od u dai tin ding nguiti e6 long nbin, ew tuyét ké gian thi khong cd su Fam li: dé nguési quiin Ur phai [An dit] nai thon da. ké tiGu nhan duse & ngdi quy [trong trigu]. Nhu thé thi ching ciéng caevua chu hau © trung ha (1), dudi quy&n thong tri {cia thign Ur] cam phuc, ma cde nude man di nghe ting cang st thco nhau phye ting. [Thuan chi] rin bao cde quan bén ngodi cb vai Idi ma hei moi Ie. ‘That la Idi cua bac thanh nhan. Chi thich (1) Trung ha: theo quan niem cha nguoi Trung Qude xua cae nuce & trong mia lwu vuc song Ho&ng 17a thude mitn vain hoa Trung Que fa van minh, cin ngoas d6 ra dtu ta man di 2-14. Thuan & ngdi vua 28 nim, ma sai Va (1) tr] thay mat 13 ndm thi viée thy thé mGi xong xudi. [Va] bio cae thinh céng fy di Hu. Nhung Thudn van ghi cOng tich ca va khuyén [Vi] lap cong tich mdi [Thukn} sai [VG] git vige digu khién trim quan, nhung [Vaj lap tie nhuimng cho Tae (2), Tict (3), Cao Dao (4). [Tir d6] litn mo ra dau mGi t6t dep ve su kinh nhyong nhav, DO chink la thé hig¢n tinh khiém tn, khong ty cho minh [i (ai gidi, khOng ww cho minh fa eG cong. Chi thich (1) Mi: tae sau nay ta vua thay 13 cda nba Ha, Thoi vua Thuan, cha Va ta Cin tri thoy khong thisnh cng, hi giét. Va thay cing vite ca cha, tf) Indy thanh cOng, duvre phong tude ba Odi Ha, nen i u dae Thudin tray’n mgd fam thigh tis, BRP cin goi fa Ba Vi. (2) Tae: 1ée quan Hao Tie gid vide canh ning. (3) Ti@t: tae quan Tu dd, gid vite Bido dye. (5) Cao Dao: tam qui Si su eoi vite hinh nguc. 872-15. Tu do, tu khong (1) dou Fa ten ede chée quan tir rt c6, mie dit [hai chize nay} ngang hang véi chéc Ciru quan (2). Vit viii che Tu khéng ditu khién tram quan la da lam nhiém vu cia thi tudng ri. Con chute tu dd thi chinh Thuiin da tig fam. Chie quan (u ma (uy chua thay nhung Din hau (3) duge sai git chic Iye su (4) cing chinh fa lic nay. Tén cdc chisc quan six, quan bao (5) thi mdi thay ti: thai nha Thuong. Y Doan (6) trudge lam turing, sau moi tn lan bing céi tn [su bao] dy. Sung ddi nha Chu moi Al _ra quan (hai su, thai pho, thdi bao (7) va goi la tam cong, che quan nay khdng nhat chiét phai cd nguii chuyén lam ma thuting lay cde chic quan khac lam kiGm. Doi sau khong dat ra chie tam su (8) ma lay chic tu d3, tu ma, tur khong fam tam céng. Chite 1 tudng cing Ta theo § xua. Cho nén tidy dai cit theo thé dung ma khing thé thay déi duge. Chil thich (1) Tie di, ne khang, ne ma: la ba chée quan do ‘Thiéy Hide day ra tir thoi eft od, (2) Citu quan: 9 che quan do ‘Thuiin dat ra fa: Ba Vi va & chdée Bach guy (chite nay tuong dueng von chae t wing) Ong Khi fam quan Hau Tac, Ong Tit fam quan tu dd, Cao Dao kam quan Si, Thity Tam quan Cung céng, feh tam quan Hanh, Ba Di kam quan Tea tOng, Quy lam quan Dién ange, Long lm quan Nup ogon. (3) Déa han: ute bhu ¢ aude Dan, Dan Kau duoc vua ‘trong Khang ‘nha Ha sui git che Lue su dem quan di dann Hau Nght. (4) Lue su: sau dao quan, mdi su gdm 2500 quan. (5) Sw, Bdo: hai chic quan git vite day ud v2 phi (4 aha vua, (6) ¥ Dodn: moi nguivi hitn tai, 66 chng giép Thanh ‘Thang dinh vua Kitt nh Ta, lap ra nh’ Thuong. 88(7) Thai ste, thai pho, thai bdo: ba che quan cham lo day d& va gop do vua. (8) Tam sie: ie thai su, that pho, thai Bio. 2-16. Da phiin bigt thd nghi cia ba togi dit thi non givo thé gidng Wt trong trim gidng thée. Dil o6 ehd cao chd thip. Ida cé laa sim Ida mudn. Mun tinh toan diGu Lig loi, thi nghigm céch trong trot thi khong thé khéng dit quan Hu tic (1). Nan thay hai tei xong, cO noi cang phai 13 ndm mdi thanh rudng [thudin thuc], Nhu thé ching thé ndi doi thank nhan khdng doi kém. Kinh Thi di: "Lam cho dan ¢6 gao n, khong gi khOng phai la diic 16t eda Hau tae" (2). Cae giding Ida cy, phi, lai, mau (3) [ma Hau tac] ban cho, nay [dan gian| van duge nhiy, Vay viée tu chin chinh sich vi thée laa ed thé cho [a ich Igi oho bé duge u? Chai thich (1) Hau ide: chie quan con gia vide canh nding. (2) Lei the: trong bi Tw Van trong Chu tung Kinh tai (3) Cre, phic tai indus ey la giding Wa nép den nhiGu ahura, phi Re ne thée mot palin tniu hat phdin gaol Ge Uge mach, ond kt dai 2-17. Thai vua Nghicu gido hoa thm nhukin dén tram nam sau. [The ma] sang thoi Thuan vin con [nim hol khdng thin nhau, [13m dao thudmg] khong thudn 1 Ta vi sao? Troi sinh mudn dan, ban tinh vin thién nhung khf chat khée nhau, Nguisi quan ti thi it ma 89ké tiéu nhan thi nhigu. Thét tinh (1) vay quin, tu dyc(2) bam quanh. [Vi] tf long khé | Khong cl cho ban] ma dén mac 15i (3); [ngudi con ga ia (han, dém hdm suong xudng khong chju di mot minh ma bj dua dam bao dem kigu dé lay ép (4). Chi mét b6 kinh Djch dé chép [hit bao vite}: gin, xa, phyng thira, déi Gag (5), yeu ghét, than so, phite tap bat dong. Tinh cia sau h¥o (6) nao cé khie gi tinh cia dan ching dau. Kinh Lé néi: "DE phdng En hét mie ma din vin vugt qua’ (7). [Cho agn| ngudi quan tu Hy hinh phat d& phong din loan, ay Ie gido dé 2 phong tu duc". Vi thé thanh nhan ding ca gido héa tan hinh phat ma khong bd mal nao, Dt thanh ky cuvng, chi bao bing [8 nghia, cing vige gido hda, im dén h&t mac, qua lim cing chi c6 thé lam cho bay tim phan muti [s6 ngudsi] theo diéu thién, cha chua ch4c da cé thé fam cho phong, tuc dal ti mudi phan mudi thufin hau. Kia hu Dan Chu (8) miéng khdng néi digu trung tin, Tung (9) [bung diy] kiGu nguo ma céin khang thé gido hoa ndi hudng hii Ia dan bén duc Chal thich (1) Thde tink da: mimng, gidn, thug, so, yeu, ghét, bam mudn, (2) Tie due: lang bam mudn eieng tw, ich Kj. (3) Cau nay ta Tei tho, ty hai Phat moe trong Tigéu aba KinhMhi (4) Cau nay fa loi ther i bai Hanh 10 trong Thidu nam kind thi. (5) Gain, xa, pliung, thea, doi, uéng: cic hao trong mot qué cha Kin 90 Dich: thee sp x€p ty ahign c6 hit sung hio no & gin hao kia, bao nly & xa hao khdc, hi am phung thiza hao ducmg en minh, bao no Gng voi hao kia.(6) Tink cia sdu Ado: § n6i tinh you ghee than sor glda c&e hao ¥6i fnhaw (mdi bao twong (rung cho mot loak ngudi hay mot tink hudng 18m Ig con nguty) (1) Dan vdn vicat qua: ¥ noi din vin tam cin va mie vao ving 101 18. (8) Dan Chu: con vua Nghidu. (9) Teang: em va Thyin, 2-18. Nguvi xua phan bidt ngbiém khée gita Trung Hoa voi man di la do bat dau tir 1di ran [Cao Dao] cia vua Thuan: "Cae nude Nam man (1). Dong di quiy ri Trung Hoa’. Ch thick (1) Nam man: & day chi vao ving 1 Nam, 1 Bac ngay nay, xua vn Ja ving Kinh Se & mitn Nam Trung Quéc. 2-19, Davi c& xua binh link du d ndng dan ma ra (1). Tr thign tr d&n chu hau déu e6 quan dOi, khi nao vige thi méi trung dung, Tudng cua cic di quin dou la quan khanh, nén khong 6 quan chuyén trach. Kinh thy chép: "Thun sai Vu dank Tam Micu" Truyén kg chép: "Nghiéu dénh duge Tam Micu & Dan Thay". Lai noi: "Nghiéu déoh hai tuéng Tong Chi vi Tu Ngao". Thi bay gid, hoge vua thin di danh, hodc hOi chu hu [di danb] chit chua bao gid ly cae quan si su ddc suit quan di. Can Dao xz nam loai ti rit cOng minh: quin man di {quily ri Trung Hoa] bon giée cusp, dai bat duge déu giao cho si su dé dinh (i, xem ti nao dang ding hinh phat, (i nao dang cho di day, [edt 9] 91mong cho vige xét xir déu duge xic dang thoi. Cau “viée binh viée hink hap nbat" la khing ding, Cin cfu: "Khai triéu séu quan khanh" (2), “Trong Khang sai Dn hau... " tudiag ring cing fa dya theo ché do thoi vua Thudn, vua Va, do sir khong chép day théi. Chi thich (1) Binh tinh dou ué néng ddim ma ra: ohing ning dan é tus binb dieb, nnghy thuimg vira tim rung vira luytn tap chin du, khi nue C6 vite thi goi nhap nga. (2) Sein quan bank: that dai sur dd, dai ton dé, dai tu ma, dau cw kn, dai ur khong. Thai, bin thi cae quan nay ai nay dou co chie vu ring gidp vue tri aude, ke 66 vite binh hoa thi xu quan Khanh Yam turing chi hey séu dao qu€a (luc su. eee 2-20. VGi chin quan thi sai bao, con riéng voi Ba Di [Thuan] nGi: "kinh cn [ma fam nhé]". [Nou thé} di 10 § Thun kinh trong ba the 18 é (1). Chi thich (1) Ba tue #6 12: fa V8 rin, 18 ASL, 1 Heh AAR, 2-21. Thuan ndi: "Thor la dé n6i 76 chi hudng [ca minh|". Bhi ca "Hy tai, Khi tai? (1) 18 ["Thuan"] mudn cho yua (i tin nhau dé 46i&n khai moi vite. Bai tho: “Huan he thi he" (2) [a [Thudn] mong cho din hét oan han dé di t6i phn thinh. Thudin dé tri vio vide trj [thiGn ha] nhu vay do. 92Chit thick (1) 11y tai Ri ta: it eh dy & hai chu eda biti ca trong tide fh The: “ed quling hy tai, nguyen thd KAI ta, bach cong hy Gai”. ghia fe chan tay (chi cae quan gibp vite vua) vui thay, cau dU (Chi vos) phiin khisi thay, eae quan sing sud thay. (2) Hun We thi 8: Ya ten bai tho cba ‘Thuan lam, gor lit Nam phong: “Nam phong chi huan h?, kha di gidi ngd din chi ufin He, nam ‘phong chi thi he, thd df phi mgd dh chs Yai Me", Nghia a: gid nam mat thay, ¢6 thé gibi mdi hue ue eda dan ta, gi our pha hin thay c6 thé lam giau them cia chi cba daa ta, 2-22. Tién nho cho rang divi thuyng c6 chua ndi dén “tinh” cata Kkhi chat. Tai xét thay: Thuan sai {Quy day bio con trudng cua Thien ti va céc khanh dai phu nhiing ditu nbu: chinh tryc, khoan thir, cuong nghi, gian dj va din gisi cho biGt nhimg divu nhu: [chinh trye nhumg phai] Gn hoa [khoan thir ohung phai] nghiém ngit. [cucng nghi nhung cho} tin bao, [gian di nhung cher] ngao man, [Nhu vay thi di thiy] Thufin d& phong su nghiéng lech ve mot mat cia khi chit roi. 2-23. [Dat ra] quan tu db dé day dan, quan dién nhac dé day ké si [con tradng eua vua va cde quan khanh dai phu|. Die t6t cha din khong xy dung dug C6 [phong tue] thuin hau; ban tinh cua ke chinh (rye thi khing di ngucsi dé sai khign, Hau Quy day con trudng cits vua vi cla cde quan khanh dai phu, mi con minh I BA Phong lai khong -sira duye thoi tham thn nhiin nd, d&a adi bj goi fi eon gn rimg, cudi clung bj mat nude fa vi sao? Con eda 93hai vj thanh (1) nhu Dan Chu va Thuong Quin mi con chang day ndi thi cin trach gi duge Bé Phong nial Chis thich (1) Hai vi thanh: cht Nebitu va Thusia, Dan Chu fa con vua Nghitu, ‘Thuong Quén fa con vua Thuan, 2-24. Doi cdc bac chi thinh hic that thinh ti chi che g 94 phong ngira ké du al Ma Hai [a "ghét [i gitm pha lam hai cong vide cia . Nhu: nhu Thuan ndi: "cy tuyét ke gian dc’. Ba fa, "Nhang ke ngang nganh néi lai gitm pha [khdng phai fi nguivi tat]. Bén la, Nhu ich The nv ngai Nam la, Nhu Cao Dao noi: "So gi ke khéo ndi, ke ninh bo va ke dai gian dai ac’. ‘Tri bd ke gian ché ngin [NhGng ivi ndi tren] chang phai [la da cho ring] ich [bho nguivi ta] bay 16 Jéi Ndi Tdi cho ig vie, va Ie thudng-trudt bd ké xdu, cit i [da dunye thi hinh]. Nhu vay ma ke xiu vin duge lam du [vio viée nude] suo? [Hai ta}: su rong rai ca sy thich boi ban, thich xem xét va su thlnh thue tigp thu diéu hay cia ngudi,2-25. gidp cho minh lam diu (6t. [Da duge am] abu vay lai van bj ké sam ninh Tam cho mit quang sao? Chi vi os dy {ma thinh nhin] Hac nao cing hét size nom nép lo ngai, ch s¢ minh kém minh man trong vide higu bigt ngudi ma d& bj ké gian ton hét, fam ‘Ché nghe nhong loi ng cn ci, ché ding muu ké chua ban [voi moi ngudi]". Day chinh la bi quyét dé hiéu ngudi va ding nguéi mi Thun da thé 1d voi Va. Xem thign Thuan dién thi thy 0 nguy thé thong rudng méi cua Thulin trong vide tri aude. Bach quy va wr ohac, hai loai ngudi phd kiém quyén nam git toan b6 céng vige trong vi ngoai. Ciru quan chia ra mdi nguivi mOt chac nang coi vige bén trong, mudi hai quan mye coi vige bén ngodi. Thién tir gir vige xem xét cing viée cia 22 chic quan [ke Uren]. con 22 chide quan, méi quan lai xem x¢t cong vide cua um quan chu hu thude ve minh. Cong vigc that fa trdi chy. [N6i 1a] khing phai lam gi ma thién ha van binh trj chang ding sao? Doi cho ring thoi thugng cd} cong viée don gian khong nhu divi sau céng vie phic tap. Noi thé khdng ding. Da cé é ic quan dai phy, su trudng, nguivi (hign tir, chu bau, 10 Nguoi nay & mdi phyong, lam moi 6 chinh sich v2 cae viée binh, dan, gi phat; c6 phép tic vé tridu he {N6i i cho viée ké cu khao sat. [Nhu thé thi sao Ta la don duce? Xem thié chép} ti mi Grdng tin nhu tl Ta c6 thé suy ra timg chi 95Chit thick (1) Ya cOng: (en MOL then trong Kinh “Thu, xem 6-1 et see 3. DAL VU MO (1) 3-1, Dai Vo ndi rang: “Lim vua cho hét dao Jam t6i cho hét dao Fam toi Fa kha", Khong Tir ndi rang: "Lam vua kh6, lam (6i cing ching dé”. Y Doin nd Chu Cong (2) ndi ring: "Lam vua ching dé", fing: "GO ngdi trei khé Ham", ‘Thanh vuong (3) adi rang: "Lac duoc ycu chidu thi nén nghi dén lie bj nguy khdn, khéng ob diéu gi khong nén kinh so, néu khong biét kinh se thi the nao cing bj ham vao cdah bi kink se", Cae i ndi tra, 66 lei khuyén vua, ¢6 10: bao be di nhung déu cung mot ¥ rin bio [vua vi 14] phii cn than. Chui thick (2) Dai Vic wie: mov thide Wrong Kinh Thu thude Ngu thu thé md, nd Yo muu mé tri nude cia vua Dai VO, tie Ha Vu, nguin duge ‘Thufin nhuing ngdi cho tam va thidn 13. {2) Chit cong: is con vua Vian waong nba Chu, co cong grap Vi vuemg anh voa Tra, Vii vuomg ehét, con ta Thanh vuong clon hd. Chu Cong tai tom thay nim quytn ebinh, dep toan vi Wink lai cite che do trong aude fam cho ihitn ha duce think te 96(@) Thanh vuong: Ja con Ve vuong aba Chu, fa chau gor Chu Cong biing chi rudt. nae 3-2. "Thuan theo Id phai thi wt lanh, lam tr4i [1é phai] thi da: “Duc do cia vua Nghitu rong kin, duge toi thuong mén, cho lam vua thién ha. Vua Thuan can than 6 ngdi vua, chiu ménh thuyng dé, trévi ban cho mgi sy (61 inh. Vua Va chim chi [viée nude}, cin kiGm vide nha, khong tu cho minh Ti gidi, khong cay minh 1a c6 céing, fich s6 (1) cia tri chuyén dén tay vua Vi. Day chinh la Ging nghigm ewa sy [thudn theo Te phai thi tt Panh. Dan Chu ngao man, rong chori vi thé [hong ca mot dizi, khong duge ndi doi lam vua, Thai Khang (2) ludi bing, chai bai, cudi cung bi diét vong. Day chinh 1a dng nghiém cia sy [lim trai lé phai thi} dé. Chai thet (1) Lich sd: eGing c6 nghia ohar van trin, soi menh, ew aly ¥ m6) van si cba Vil da dén tie duct lam vua thiga 1. (2) Thai Khang: ti con vua Kh nh Ha, duce nid ngdi, Khai farm yu ‘nung vi luis bitng vide nude, chi ham me chox hivi sin bin Gngoa sng Lae nén da hi [Au Nghe Int ds. aoe 3-3. Chuung "Canh gidi vi ngu’ (1) cia Ba feh bao quat hét moi ¥ nghia cia thign "VO dat" (2). Cau: "Ché Ram trai phap lui va ché do" chin la [che lim trail phip luat va ché d6 cia vua. Vua git duge phap luat 07va ché dO, khong an khdng, ngoi roi, vui tha bira bai thi be ti cing sé déu gitr duge phap lat va ché do ma khong dam ludi biéng tré nai [cdng vi Chit thich (1) Canh gioi v6 nge: Nghia la na do chisg lic chua ¢6 vite gi dang to. (2) #6 dé: mot thitn trong Kinh Thu; xem 0 42-1 ct.1 oe 3-4. "Muu ké cin cé ch nghi ngér thi ché Lam", Dé 1a digu c6 quan hé dén sy thinh hay bai, mat hay cn ca mot nude. Muu toan ditu gi ma con lo ling ngai thi khOng nén nhe tin Wii agua, i cg Lam ira", Vai dé nh Luong vin khong mudn ding Hau Canh@) vi lo y lam loan; nhung tin 61 Chu Di lai dung Hau Canh, Chidu tong nh Dudng von khang 06 5 danh Ly Khae Dung vi nghi rang Ly Khic Dung (2) c6 cong Kin, nhung nghe lai Khong Vi lai dinh Ly Khac Dung. Hy ting nba Tong vi le mii dep xong give o dat Myc chua mudn daoh nude Ligu, nhung vi nghe mot eri cha Vuong Phi: ma lai dem quan di danh nude Ligu. Vi mién cudng thyc hanh cae muw sach nén moi Io, hOi Li khong sac kip nga, dé ching dang Hy lam rin sao! Chai thick (1) Hitu Caah: ta nguin thin Nam Bae tru, trade theo Cao Hoan. sau ang Tay Nguy ri lai xin theo Vi dé va due phong ta Ha Nam 98vuung, sau thm phiin, mang quan vay him d6 thanh, Vo dé phéin ud chet. (2) Ly Khde Bung: ta nguist cb cong pha tan Hotng Sao vay ham kinh 40, duue phong [a Tan vuomg, Nha Dudng mat, Ong van git duce Wet thao ca nguin be Wi. 3-5. Trisi sinh ra nga tai (1), dan déu dig ca. [Vay] buc phi (2) khong thé khing dugc sira sang. Trisi sinh ra mudn dan, 6 con ngudi thi cd phép tac. [Vay] die hanh cua dan khing thé khOng duge tu chinh. Trai sinh bon misa inh val san, néu vua ding chinh dang thi vat dung cua dan co Wf gi lai khong thoa man, doi sing cia dan c6 If gi khong no da. ham chi thi khen ngoi ai luiri biéng thi Gi: viée thudng phat thi hanh dang mic. Quan tu dd day din nam dao thudng (3): trong ngudi higu wii cha me, tn trong anh chi cing Ti nhing nguci dang duge biéu duong. Viée quan trong coi nghé nong trong bai tho: “Dién tudin (5) chi hi" [6 kinh Thi] ra Ignh cho din gap rét cay cily cling chinh la: “ai cham chi thi khen nggi* thoi. Cong viée cia quan si su ebi fa xi 101 hing quiin man di [lim loan] va bon cudp bée gian tham da bit duce dua dén kinh su, cdn déi vii cde hinh phat nhd, vun vat 6 cée nude chu hau va trong kinh ky thi dau phai tGi nao cing dén tay quan si su xd, ma cang phai do quan so tai xét xi nita che. 99Ho Truong (6) cho ring: cau: "Ai cham chi thi khen ngoi” cing gidng nhu digu c&tn din céc quan cit nhac ngudi hién (ai, néu 16 edng die cha ho, & trong Chu Lé; céu “Ai luc biGng thi qué trach" cing nhu vide danh thu vao hing gia dinh xung quanh nh 66 dit ma khong trong dau, c6 rudng khong edy lua, va vige dua tim hinh phat (7) vao trong mot hueng (8) dé tréi budc mudn din & trong Chu Ié. Tucng rang d&i Dudng Ngu cing nén lam nhu thé. Nhing vi quan da ngu (9) dy lao nha ndng, khuyén khich dan ching, quan turd® ra [nh cho dan c3 ging cham chi Tam rugng, va cde Iénh cam vio ndi chat cy pha 13 chim, bat thé non, lay ting, cdc hinh phat déi vdi ngudi xim pham chiém doat ao chudm dam nude, tong 16a mach trai mua G trong thign Nguyét lenh [Kinh 18] cong cing mot ¥ ay ca. Cha hich (1) Nu edi: kim, moe, thay, hoa. ths. (2) Lye phils ‘Thay, nda, kim, mic. tad, ede, (3) Nam dao thacng: 1) ‘Vinh than cha con, 2) nghia waa 104, 3) sw phaa bigt gia vo ching, 4) ahd tu gia nguisi gia con tre, 5) long in d6i voi ban Be. (4) Miong ché: ché ¢@ nhit vua, mov thigh Irong Kinh (5) Dim mudin: quan trong cor ve Nghe Nong. (6) Ho Tracang: chva 17 ume nin (7) Teém hinh phat: ddy ta ohitng inh phat ding d6 ri ahing 101 anu iit niu, bat muc, hii how, hal Ue, bOI bac, ae he khong thyong gud, phan din nhim. fim rt oan 1eong, 100(8) FHieong: ta mot don vi hinh chiah & nOng thOn, this c@ mou buremy 3 12,500 nba ()Quan dé ngu: quan teOng coi ruong d&t nGi ring. 3-6. Cao Dao gitt vige hinh phat ma B4 VG lai noi: Dao] giy dung duge nhigu phéc dic’. Thuan thi khen: [Cao Dao] xir ndm Joai 19i cong minh sang sudt, Ky dé dé gidp viée cho gido héa nim dao thudng, xo 101 ma van mong [cho dan] khong mac oi", Thién Lar hinh céing adi: “Quan si su kigm ché dan & urong vong hinh phat dé day cho dan bidt tn trong dao dic, "[{Qua dé] thay quan coi hinh phip gid dye ling chinh trye cong bing, xir (61 ding ing, nhe dé cho din biét ti mi diéu thign ma fam theo khong dim can pham niza, Thé chinh Ja da gay dung phic dic, chit khong phai cou cho ngudi ta khoi bi ti dé mong duge bio dap lai didu phic dite. 3-7, Cao Dao dimmg cach néu [eho dan bid] ede hinh phat [do luit phat dat ra] ma kEt qua xudng mai dén céc bay 164 va dan chang khong ai pham vio phap luat cua nha vua. Vi dang lic moi ngudi con chua pham phip thi cdc hinh phat da duge néu ra r6 rang, da bao cho moi ngudi bict nhiing phép the da vach ra ri, khong thé thay dO duge nt: dén khi ngusti ta pham t6i thi ti danh dA ré rang, ev thd ma 101 khng tha the, lai cdn lam duge [nhang vgido duc cam h6a ngay trong kbi xét xix, chia dung long nhdin hau ngay trong lac uy nghiém. Cho nén dan biét digu ciim, hitu diéu nghia ma khong dam pham nia. Loi néi "Khong cé hinh phat hop vi dao trung thi [nguivi (a] khong c6 gi dang so hai ma phai lam ditu thign", caa ho Tran (1) thi cao xa qua ma khong gin voi l¢ phii. Trin Dai Du noi rang: "xi nam loai hinh phat cong minh sang sudt Ta c6 ti tri, la theo lat phat gitt l4y chiée phn ca minh: mong cho nguivi ta khdng mac phai hinh phap Ia ngudi c6 long nhan die, fa ¥ Gt ngoai phap twat". [Cau néi nay} ding hon. Cai (DMo Trin: te Tran Dai Du, ngudi din Tong, tac gid ea bO "Thuong thu tap tcuytn Adi thong" 3-8. Loi ban ding din cba DG Thit (1) nude Nguy 66 chu: *Thanh nhan dat ra hint phat khong pl ma chinh la dé fam igi cho dan, cho né a séng yén Vinh; khong phai dé ham hai dan ma hf dé dan dft din, cho néa din theo ma duce cam ba. Xi thi mOt nguddi ma cd thién ba déu cho Ta hop vdi dao nghia, nhu vay Va dan da yén fyi [Loi ndi] dé thue da du dé lam 15 cai § "xi 101 cong minh dé gitip cho su gido hoa’, 102Cha thick (1)D6 Th: nguin nue Nguy thor Tam Quéc, itn la Va Ba. Ong fa nguii cuong truc, moi lon ban ca Ong ve thdi thé deu rat thing inn ding mic, khong phe cénh voi ai cd. 3-9. Vige vua xir an thiy tir doi Ngu Thug. Lam lo ma pham t6i thi dir (i lén may cling tha; cé j ma pham thi di ti nhd cOng trimg tri; hinh phat khong bat dn nhang ngudi adi doi; i nae cdn nga thi xir nhe; tha chiu mang tiGng sai Tim con hon gict nham mOt ke vo 101. Dé du la nhimg loi Ie do cae quan tau Ién dé vua can nh&c chim chuéc. Pham TO ‘Vii(1) cho ring: "viéc xir ndm hinh phat, vua Thodn khong can dy dén". {Cau n6i nay] khong thé coi la phép tac duoc. are (1) Phan TS Vi: ngudi din Tong, tic gid cia bO “ThA: sir tap" 3-10, Cao Dao khen nggi dée dO cia vua (Thudn] vua [Thuan] cong khen cong lao cita Cao Dao, Cau: [Dé cho ta thyc hign nhimg diu] theo § mudn”, fa Gép hai § Urn, Cie Ta ndi [cai tri dan réng long] khoan thi, [465i voi ngudi duchi HEt site] gidn di, dite higu sinh [thim vao long dan] Ta ¥ muGn cia vua, chit ¢ khong phai adi fA quan st su sang sudt cn than theo 103dang luft phap dé git chée phan [ cua minh] va tuyén duong cong die [nha vua]. (Nhu thé] thi [ay gi dé c6 thé lam cho bén phuong bist ro long vua ma chm h6a thanh gido cia vua nhu gid ludt trén agon cd duge. 3-11, Khi vua Nghidu truyén ngdi cho vua Thudin 66 nai tng: “Lich s6 cia tri nay Vua Thuan cing lai En lugt nha nguvi"(1). lem cau y ndi lai vei Ba Via. Bén mia lan luot theo thé ty thay di nhau, nga hanh (2) cing theo I¢ thudng thay nhau think vuyng. Thanh aban bigt ro ditu ay tim. Vi phong nhan (3) & dit Hoa da ting néi voi vua Nghiéu ring: "Thién ha “cd dao die” (4) thi [minh s¢ tham gia] lam cho moi nguiii tt dep, thign ha "khdng 6 dao dite” (5) thi minh rit vo tw dudng dao die ban than cho duge an nhan”. Vua Thudn cing adi: ” ven do ma ba di" cong dae vua Thufin vua Vii to lon nhu the, Jong ngudi quy phue nhy thé, chinh fa ménh ui da trao cho’, Kinh dich néi: "Nha king ging ben ding gidt triu 8 18 [nhung qué thi]. khong bing nha ling ging bén tay [gigt lon dé 1] ohung ding thisi. Thinh oan phai bit thoi thé va thudn theo vin ménh nhu vay” Chit thick (1) Lich 96: Xem 3-2. ct.) (2) Ngai hand: fev nay. Hi kim, mide. thi, (3) Phong niin: quan tong nom bir 661 dia phuemg, 104(4) Thién ha hutw dan: xi nOi dn dinb that Dinh, Khdng £6 Yoan, she Lrdt tw phowg kiée, (5) Thien ha v6 go: x4 Oi 161 town, chim tranh, con nguBl this ghéL nha. 3-12, Long ngudi khong phai hon toan chi cé ¥ rigng tu, ma co ca ¥ cong lan § riéng tw. Ay Ta do § va nh phat dong. Long mén dao thi hoan toan chi co ¥ céng. D6 fa do tinh thiGn phat sinh. Biét ring tin cia va sfc dep ching adn say dém ma ett tham tide khong sira di duge [long ham mudnj, thé ching nguy hai lam sao? Biét rang nhan aghia Ia chink sah nén lam ma lai cit m& mudi [vi vat duc] khong Kam duge, thé chang phai [a long da qué hep hoi u? Thay vat dye phai nhu thay hang siu ngan trong, nén tranh cho xa thi moi ding vang duge & ché dang cua minh, mi m iy cung khong bj nguy nia. Thiiy didw thiéa nhu thay mot vat sding lot qua khe cia sd, phai mé tung ngay ra thi m6i e6 sing duuc dic sing cia minh, mi cai tim fy cing khdi bi nhd ohen. Song diGu cét yu [a phai xct cho kj va phi mot ong gid cai tim Sy ma thdi. Ba Va Tiy Dan Chu lam rin nén qua cia mi khéng vio ni (1), chi chiim cha lo cng vige thiy thd; xa inh Nghi ich (2), bo rugu ngon, dé ran déi sau. Thé fa da gir J khong dé cho nd budng long hin tan chat nao ca. Treo agi am dé chu loi hay (3), didn cisu tra dé ncu rd phuong phap tej diin (4). ThE 105Ta a mé mang tam dy va Lam cho né ngdy thém sang sudit. Carton (1) Qua eifa khdng vio nha : Khi Ba Vi tam oOng vite iri thoy dB fam 1At say sua, ba Rin di qua cia m& khOng vao thm nha. (2) Nghi Dich: ngui thoi nhd Ha, nu rugu At Gi, vaa Vi ubng khen ‘gon, noi: dvi sau 121 c6 ke sé mat nude vi rug. Thé ei Vi xa {anh Nghi Dich va bd rugu ngon. ()Ngx dm: cung, thuemg, gide, chiy, vi, la nm loai am thanh trong fim ohae thbi cb. (4)Citu eri: chin pham tri gom: ngi Hanh, ngé sy, bat chioh, nga kj, bo’ng cuc, tam dic, ke nghi, thi trung, ngé phic (luc cyc) Be ‘nhizng phép the tu than, ytn dn va tri nudc. Xem thém & dng Pham $6 32. 3-13. Cau: " [xét cho] tinh, [git déng} mot mye va [tin theo] dao trung dung" chinh ta mun cho Iie xi su cing vie khong c6 su sai léch hodc thai qua hi bat cap. Con nhing cau sau nhu: ‘nghe lai noi", “dig muu ké*, "soi xét dén dan", "ch& ngy quan si” J Seu la nén gid dao trung dung ca. Dao tae fa tri, rj tie fa dao chit c6 khéc gi nhau dau. Tran Dai Du (1) cho eang tir cau: “long ngudi [dé thién vé vat duc nén} rit nguy" td xudng neu 5 tam phap truyén dao thdng (2); tir céu: “dang yeu chang phai I vua sao?" tré xudog ngu 10 tri phap truyén tri thiing (3). Nhu thé la da sa vao thién hoc, da téch "dao" voi "tri" ca Lam hai. Dé khong phai la 5 cia thinh nhin, 106Tap Nhdt sao cua ho Hoang (4) da giai thich vé chuong nay nhu sau: "Vua Nghidu bao Thuan rang tin theo dao trung dung” nay vua Thulin (hém miy cau fling nguiti duc nen] rat nguy, [long mén dao kho hiéu ve nhiing le] nhd bé (vi), [oAn phai xét cho] tinh, [gid ding] mot myc (nhit) vio true cfu: "Tin theo dao trung dung [khong théi qué khdng bat cap] [a dé cho vua Via xét, lua chon va nam cho duge dao (rung dung. Lai vua Thuiin day vua Vo nay déu la bat ngudn tir cau “nfm ving dao trung dung" cia vua Nghiéu ca. & cho hét han". Nay Cau vua Nghiéu béo vua Thuan sng: bén bé phai khdin cing thi khong can cé cho nén nghe” cho dén cau "kinh can tu tinh nhang diu minh dang mong mudin" vao trude chu “dé cho bon bé phai khGn cimg thi Ke Ui sé hE hain”, Lai la dé thie tinh yua Va dé vua ‘Vai lam cho bin bé] khdi khOn cling va lOc toi khoi hot hin. Day la ti Thudin rdn bao Vai va cing dou bat nguiin tir hai edu; * [dé cho bin bé phai khSn 2] hét han" cia vua Nghiéu. 2 “tin theo dao trung dung” [a chink thuyé1, lei riin “Woe trai st hét hfin” Ta phan thuyée. C6 le la vua Thun dem 121 ca nhimng lii day bao Hin nha m& trude kia dd duge vua Nghiéu rin day cho, gOp véi ahig ditu hay ma hing ngay Thusin da timg dung cing gop nhl duge, truyén bao fyi tat ci cho Va. dé cho Vir biét ma Lin theo dao treng 107108 dung va khong dé cho Ide trdi dén ni hét hin ma thdi, chit c6 phai vi néi dén chir "tam" ma dat ra nhimg cau nay dau, Ddi gin day thich néi dén “tam hoc" nén da vit bO hét cd ¥ nghia cua toan bd chuong séch nay m& chi ban riéng vé “nhan tam "(long ngudsi) va “dao tam" (long mén dao). Tham chi chi trich ra hai ch "dao tam’ rdi n6i ngay "tam" tic Ta "dao". Cé 18 hoc da sa vao thign hoc ma ho khéng ty biét. Didu nay khde xa voi § “nhan vi teuyBn thién ha cho nhau" cua Nghiéu, Thudn, Via nhidu lim. Thu truyén cita Ho Thai (5) tuy cing lay didu Ay dé ndi 10 cai 1am cha dé vuong. Nhung cai tim ay chinh fa g6e cua vig (ri nude va binh thign ha. Thuyét nay vé ly dang hon. Vé sau, ngudi ding Thu truy@n nay [én (ritu dinh, méi dya vao dé ma fam ra thuyét "tan thanh truyén lam* (6). Hoe gia 6 didi bén chi ra mudi su chir & séch nay(7) Lam ct 16i cla sy truy8n tam, mi ngudi theo thitn hoc thi muon d6 lism chd dua. C6 Vim Vu(8) néi: "tam" ching dgi phai truy@n. Céi luu hunh & trong troi dat, quan trigt ca nua lin nay, khOng cai gi la khong chéa dung Wie Ta “I”. "Ly" c6 sin & trong (am ta, ma lai nghiém ra & su val. [Cho nén] "tim" sé di tng hop duge ly ay ma phan 0 trai phai, ngudi hay nguisi db, vige duce vige hong, thign ha thinh tri hay loan lac du phan bigt 6 46. Nhu vy Ta: thanh nhan da quan sat dén cing cuc ohéng chd "nguy’, “vi", “tinh”, “ahat" (9)va truyén cho nhau dao “chap trung” (10) dé lam cho khong mot digu gi la khong hgp vii "Ij", va khong cé cAi Iéch lac hode thai qué hoae bit cap. Thin hoc cho "Ij" la chudag ngai, ma chi adi riéng vé cai "thm® Gy: "khong dat thanh vin chuong chit ghia, chi truy8n tam cho nhau’. Cai hoc cita thanh hign chi ir mOt chi "tam" ma thiiu dén cai dung cua thién ha cia dit nude, khdng cai gi khng phai la chi ly luu hinh; ranh mach sang sudt, ai ai cong thé, qua hang ngin nam ma khong c6 gi ng&n cach, 06 gi goi [a “truyén" cor chi"? Hai thuy@t dy hop ly, chinh diing, rat diing vedi § ca thénh nhan, Chathick (1)Friin Dai Du: xem 6 3-7. 7, ct. (2) Tain phép trayén dgo thing: phuromg phap teuytn thu he thdng tu ‘udmag khong ding sich ws, (3) Tei phdp truyén wef shdng: phuomg phip cai tri di ny truytn db kia (4) Ho Hoang: tGe Hoang Chin ngudi doi Tong, t5c gid chia 1p “Hodng thi nat sao” va “C8 kim ky yu", (S) Ho Thai: vée Thai Team, nguin divi Thng, hoc teb cba Chu Hy, duge Chu Hy giao cho lam Thu kinb tap truyén (cha giai kinh Thu). (©)Tam shanh truyén tém: Tam thanh vie Nghitu, Thusa, Va, ba vi ay truytn tm cho pha. (7) Mca sd che 0 scich nay ta cau: "onan ttm day aguy dao tam ‘uy vi, duy tinh duy abit, dodn chap quySt trung", ngnia ta: tong, ngudi d& thitn vB vat due néa rét nguy, long mén dao khé hiéu fbiing lé nhd bé (vi), cA phai xét cho tinh, gid cho dang mot myc (abit), tin theo dao trung dung, 109(8)C6 Vien Va: te CO Ninh Nhan, ngudsi cudi Nha Minh, du ahis Thanh, 18 nguisi hoe rong higo nhitu, gidi VE khAO chang va rude tha (ODNguy, Vi, tind, nhdi- tae gitn luue cba cu: “aban tam day nguy, dao t€m duy vi, duy tinh duy nhat, dodn chat quyét trung” (xem lai chi hich 7). (0) Chap trang: gitr dao trung dung (xem thém ché thich 36 7 tren), 3-14, Vua Thuiin lic méi lén ngdi da day vu aude Tam Miéu di xalai di t4( cd nhimg dan ngang nganh di nia. Cho nén khi Dai Vi tri thay dén chau Ung thi nuge Tam Miéu da rat cé trat ty. Con bon ngang nganh khdng chju di phue dich chic 18 nhiing dan céa Tam Miéu sét lai trong nude. Sau nay Dai Va mang quan di danh Tam Miéu, ké (i rang: "ngudi quan tt phi & noi dong rudng, khong duoc ding, ké tiu nban lai c6 chute vi duiing ho’ng”. Dy fa con vua Tam Migu adi nghigp cha fam vua chu iu, Vua Thuin tri ti khng tri p con vua Tam Miu ich bin véi Dai Vi rit quan vé [h vi cho ri ca da bj day, bon dan xdu cing bj dei di ri, thi khéng nén phé hay ca nude ho va dung hél site manh cia binh dao, Pha 1, dip vo trang vin ching Kho gi, nhung chi c dao troi vin rin de [ngudsi ta khi & vao nhimng} lic [moi viéc] da tha long. Hon nga vua Thulin d6i xi nhan diic voi con chau ho hang vua {Tam Miéu] kia nhu thé, thi Ié nko dai ngudi bing chi thanh ma ngudi lai khong cim dong? Vua 1104-1, Cao Dao dau ign trinh bay § nghi ‘Vai cho [Ba fch ni] nhu vay la phai, roi kéo quan vé, vua Thudin nhan dé 16 1d duge dic dé cia minh. Vua Tam Miéu sé di theo dén chau tan sin tridu dinh [a vi da cm hoa long nhan difc (cha vua Thuan} ngay trode di “dung lai nude da mt, cho con chéu nhing vua da bj diét duge ndi dai". Va bai phuc nghia tinh da tha [i va khoan dung (i ngay.nay, chir dau phai mot sém mt mai budng long uy va, chi chudng vin die ma dat duge ohu thé. 4. CAO DAO MO (1) chia vige tich dite va siza minh, sau dén vige bidt ngudi va fam cho dan duge sng yén bn. Diy ta nhing Ibi day quy bau cba hang van divi vua trong viée tr} nude. Chin dite (2) khong chi xem & li ndi ma phai thé nghiém & viée Tam. Day la phuong phap.chir yéu dé xem ngudri, Cao Dao cho rang [nguiri 6 dite (61} mi trude sau vin bitu hin duoc dée Sy sang rd thi fa ngudi t6t; Chu Céng cing cho ring ngudi ludn git duoc dic thudng li nguisi Wt: Khong Ta noi: "Ngudi khong gitt duge tim (inh lau bon theo myc thutng thi khong thé fam duge [dui 1a) thay céng thay thude" (3), Nhu vay dit biét ngudi khong git duoc dic thuong [a nguii xdu, Cha hich (1) Cao Dao mé: xem da chd. 8 1-1, 1. (2) Chie diéc: khoan dung mt oghitm aghi, abu thudn ma viing vang, thanh kh’ ma cung kiah, ¢O 1a) 1ri dan ma vin kinh né dan, phue 111tung ma van cucng nghi, chin truc ma vin Op hoa, gin di ma idm Khidt, cuong kitu ma dBc thue, hing manh ma theo ditu ghia (8) Cau nay & stich Lavin ng thitn Tit Lp, 4-2, H Quang (1) khong thé goi 4 ngudi mem yu ma lai ving vang. Cap Am (2) khang thé goi fa nguvi ngay thing ma lai dn hoa, Nguoi quin ti e6 ding tue ma thigu long nhan nghia thi ri st lam loan, Ké tiéu nhan cé ding ige ma thigu ldng nhan nghia thi ri st thanh tom cudp. Cho nén dao die guy & chi cd stic manh Iai biét lam didu nhan nghia. Chak (1) F8 Quang: nguin di Dong M49, ten ty fa Ba Thy, lam quan dé ‘chi thai pho, moi vite lam rt tinh chong nhang kém phiin cuomg, nghi. (2) Cap Am: nguisi divi Tay Han, tinh ngao man, trong khi tig, Unding thin nghitm nghi, vua thdy cing phan né so. 4-3. [Thuong thi] Chin dée tt {ngudvi ta] moi c6 duge ba. NEu 6 duge sau die tt la da duoc sai lam quan dai phu va vua chu Riu rOi. Dai xua lic hung thinh, ngudi (Ai nhan ahan ma vin khdng clu toan trich bi. Doi sau adn Hay dé fim gucng. 112 —4-4, Vua la ding tidu bidu cho bé tdi, nguai t dan dit cho ke dixsi. Lam vua, lam ngué rong choi va ham mé vat duc bira bai thi khong thé (rach duge bé 161 va ké dudi lui bigng. DE cho céic quan Io la céng viée 6 nghia ls da bo chic nghigp. [Cie sy rong chai vi ham mé vat duc, trong thitc lo lang din cng vige, vat va vei hang van be ti va ke dudi thay vua cin min, hét long cham lo cing vigée chinh sy thi da cing nhau cung kinh fam thay eéng viée cia trai, khong ai dém lo fa céng vige c. Doan vin sau ni vé nhing vide dén d8c dao thuing, ding lé thudng cho o6 trit ty, nou rO ph4m phuc, dimg hinh phat, du fa nhing cong vige thay trai ca. #5. [Cac cau c6 cha] "ty", trft”, "ménh", "thao" (1) ti n6i con ngudi da thé nghi¢m cang viée cia tdi. (Cau €6 chit] “thong minh”, “minh dy” (2) la ndi toi da dua vao can nguivi. Vua vii (Oi 6 doi thinh Uf cing khuyén khich nhau c6 géing nhu thé, eiing chi la thé theo Id trai va thudin theo long din ma thdi. Coa tiok (1) Tee, tre, minh, dito: + Tu: tran dinh ra (1u) dao thuimg.. = Trats tro dit ra (180) 1 aghi, + Meh: (101 sai (enh) ngudi od ave tt, + Thao: trdi dann (IhdO) KE 66 101, (2) Thong minh, minh ri: ~ Thong minh: trial sing su6it (thOng minh) la do cd su Sing sudt cua dan ta, 113= Minh dy; trdi ca oi véi KE Ae Pa sur Fa oa (minh Gy) ea dan ta Hai cau ny du fh trong nguytn vin Kinh Thue. 5, ICI TAC (1) $-1. Vi [b& 186i] nhur ngutvi Ming ging than cAn, trong chy {be ti] nhur chin tay tai mat. Tinh [vu ti] tht hoa hop hu doi dai vai ngudi than Con nu chu "Ngudi ding truse mat chi nghe theo, hie lui vé lai c6 lari ché bai” thi fai that nghiém nghi. Phai On hoa nhu gid xudn, nghiém tic nhu suong thu. Dudng Idi khuyén khich rén bao nhu: vay diy. uarck (2) Ich va Tae: ta ten hai Bay ti vua Thain, cing la tem mor thie thude Ngu Thee chép loi vua Thuin khen aggi cic 68 t0i. 5-2. Doan "Ké ngang nganh néi loi gitm pha" tiép sau doan "Pho? kinh cfin [chire phan cba nguoi] nhu lang giéng bin bén ddi vi wi", ¥ nghia hai doan may khong gin véi nhau, Chu tr cho la khdng thé hiéu duge. DAl ra mudi hai quan myc dé nam git loan bo cong viée cia mudi hai chau, tai 6 mdi chau Kip ra mudi hai chu Bau cho fam quan su dé cho ho gidp quan 114mye tip hgp cae vua chu hiu. [Nhu vay] [& mudi bai chau phai dat ra 144 quan su. Ngoai cac chau ra, dén bGn bé, mi phuong lai dat ra nm ngudi fam quan truting. [Nhu vay] fa bon phuong phai dat ra 20 quan trudng, GOp cd lai voi mudi hai quan myc, tong cong Ta 176 nguiti. Co 1é vi hang van nude 6 xen ké vedi nhau, néu khong nhu thé thi khéng thé ché agy toan bo dure. Ché db phuong ba (1), lién sty (2) nha Chu cing gin gidng ché do nay cua nha Npu. Chal ick (1) Phwwong bd: mot chic quan ding dau cic nude chu hau & mot Phuong. (2) Lién sy: mo chic quan ding dau mudi nude chu hau, 5-4. Vua ma rong choi va ham mé vat duc thi bé toi cong : fudi bing. Dau ma phign todi thi tay chan cing tre nai, Khong dich than lam vigc cing abu dich than Jam nhing vie vun vat, «@ hai nhu nhau. Doc suit [b8 16 vige, cfin than gitt phap lual, ludn xét lai cae vige da thanh, gitr ving giuisng mdi thi lap (de sé hét phitn Lodi, Day chi la nhimg li nhac di nhc hoi. 115HA THU 6. VU CONG (1) 6-1. Thi thugng cd, nai rimg chua khai pha, cd cay ram rap cho nén nhan dan ft, thi val nhigu. Vi di bing b6n cach (2) theo thé nai dn cay; Ba [ch phoing lira vio ndi vio chim, dit chay co cy, sau day vide thity thd méi duge binh yon. Quan cung céng (3), quan ngu hinh (4) xép vao hang cinw quan. Vice kén dang, ngudi vi thé ma ter nén quan trong. Cnt thik (1) Hi cing: mot rn Mhude 1a thu, thé cao, gMt chép cdng vide tr thay cia Dai Va va phép ihu€ khéa, cOng Lin, cae sin vBs eta cae chu cOing nap cho vua, dng thivi n6i ve dia the, che ding thy ho th cée chdy vt kin ky. (2) i bang bn cach: Suing thiy di thuyen, Judy bd di xe, duimng bin fy di bling citi xu (Iam Sing go dé trurot ten bun), dims di di fling ddi gude dud ed dinh sit, (3) Cung cong: quan coi gid vt cing nghe. (4) Ngu hank: quan coi gid ve ring ndi, song gin, chim thi, eby eb. 116“Vai sta sang duge cong vite cua Con". Trong Kinh thu, chép vé chin chu, duy 8 chiu Ky thay c6 tir “tu tei" (sta sang lai). [Do dé ma] thay Cén chua Tam xong cing vide 6 chau KY. Con day din xy thanh dé bao vé vua, dip quach dé gin git din. Cac thinh quach ay, hic dau goi la: dat ra chd hiém d@ gitt nude nhung cudi cing khdng thinh céng Ta vi khi nun lut dang hounh hanh, vua Nghicu hoi: "Ai 66 Uhi tr] thy, nbéin Tam due cong viée nay khong?" thi Cdn lai voi va di fim hing viée chua clip bach (rude. ThE la da trai ménh vua. Gita hic dan mudn nude tan tc, nude to dang bao boe nui ring, Un ngip gd dong. din tinh m& man chim dim, quiie gia khong cin Ta qué gia, din ching con ta din, thi cn dau thi i rai ma di xdy thanh. Pha ché cao lip ché thap, ngdn chan thé nude. am hao phi sée dain thi sao nén cong tich dua Trong nga hank thi hunh the nbat fa “thay” (nude), Nut y chd tring. Vi tr] thay khong xay ra chuyén gi [a do da Chuan theo tinh chat cira nude [chay xuGng chd trang] ma din né di. Hanh thd nim [trong nga hanb] I "thé" (at). Dat ding dé cily dng. Vi chia ra tam ba Jogi dit dé cliy Lda, [hor vay] din mei ¢6 hut thie [dé sinh sding]. [Vi] duce Goi cho thanh cong thye i 66 by tam! 6-3, Hing van nude trong chin chau, tren dudng ve eGing lign déu 16] song Hoing Ha [rdi méi dén kinh dd], ThiGt nghi & mdi nude, nhimg thé thude vB thud Fung dat nhu théc gao, thuyén be thi nda tu nop 117cho vua nuGe minh: nhang thi thudc vé thé san mang di céng tién, nhu hang An mac, dd ding, thi ity thac cho quan ba & trong chau trung thu rdi chuan bj thuy@n bé chuyén adp len kinh dd. [Nhu thé) méi tranh duge mdi lo linh tinh phign phic. Manh Ti (1) ndi: [Thoi nha Ha, mdi nb’ co] cy 50 mau rudng [thi p) p thud] theo phép cng. Long Tur (2) néi: "Khong gi dé bing phép cng". Day ts ndi cing thué ruéng cho vua ban quic. Ha Thu (3) noi: "Tuy theo thé sin ma dinh phép cng". Day la n6i cng thé san cho vua thin ut. Cua tate (1) Manh Ti: ta thyc f Manh Kha, nguii nude Tray thi Chiéa quée, lam ra sich Manh Tu. Ong (a ngudi tiép thu Ii noc va dao dae cba Khong Ti, o& ra thuyét finh thie, chd teumg coi trong han ngbia, khinh cong danh vit Iai 19c (2) Long Tet: m0 nguin hidn dvi thuong cb, khdng r6 than thé se tic, enldift Mann TO c6 din fi ndi cba Ong v6i Dang Van Cong trong séich Manh To, ohu (rn. (3) Ha dhe: prin n6i vt oha fla trong Kinh thu. 6-4. Cong vige chinh sit cia nguii xua rt ranh mach chu 118 do: rudng chia 10 timg loai, phan 16 tung chat dit, khdng mot logi rudng mau ma hose bac ditn no Khang duge chép trong s6 din. Thu€ chia 10 ting hang, c6 so sanh thué chinh thué tap. khong mot thethué nhe hode nang ndo khong duge chép trong sé thud. Cae dé céing bang thé san thong thudng, cdc thi Ia cua man di, sy tinh t& cia ede sot dung [a3 GGng tiGn], sw phan bigt cdc duimg v8 cong tiga [cho cée chau] khong gi la khong 16 rang day dis. That dang lam mau myc cho hing van dizi sau, Khong Tir noi: "Nha An dua theo 18 cua nha Ha, nhs Chu dua tho 1é cia nha An", Nhong hay cia php tic ch€ dd, cdc bac thanh doi sau cing khong thé thay déi duge na. 6-5. ThuySt [cho rng] c6 chin con song (1) ndi: 6 song Gian, sng Khigt. Sich Manh Tir tap cnt cba Che Van Cong (2) va sich Nki nha (3) cing gidng nh Thai trayén (4) déu cho rang song Gian sing Khiét chi Ta mOt con sng. Cho ring chi Ta mét con sng thi song chay qua hang nei nao, chang biét cn co vao diu, (1) Chin con song: a cive some DD Miu, Thai Sa, Ma Gidp, Pha Pha, HO Td, Grin, Knidt, Cau Hin, Lich ‘Tan, (2) Chie Van Cong: tée Cha Uy, mot mbit nho ni ting an Tong. 3) Nhé nha: fa 00 We dién 6 ohat cia Trung Quée. Ve the Bid bo Sieh 66 ahitu nguin cho ring do Chu Cag soan, vE sau da thay {ro Khiing Ti hon chinh, sau nia lai do nhiou nha nho din eae Bd sung va hon ehinh them (2) Thai trusses Use Thue kinh tap inoyén ea Thi Team ngudi dot ‘Tong soan. Xem them 3-13 ct 5, 1196-6, Vua Vo in wong dam bac nhung lei hét long hice thao voi quy thin. Ca chau Tu. gugt budi chau Duong ding vio vige té ty Ta dé 16 16 da dung day di vat san cdc nai [vio viée cing 1]. Tir thi Dugng Ngu dén nay da hon ba ngin song Holing Ha chay vt phia ding bile (Thach ri vao Bac Hai, Ngay nay song Hoang Ha chay vé phia ding nam dén sing Hoai ri vao Nam Hai, Diu vét cia Dai Vo xa xi mo mit, c6 nhiu digu khong thé hoi ra duce. 6-7. Bir coi ddi Dudsng Ngu rit xa rong, 66 nhéng ché dori _ 120 sau khong thé téi duac. Vi ring {doi Dudng Neu| chia thanh timng khu va khai thc ri xa cha khong phai chi [khai thée] & shang fa thiim nhu’n theo pha tay p sing Hoang Ha. Noi Kigt Thach nay & phfa nam chau Binh. Chau Luong 6 vé phia tay, duing di cong diu} tir nai Tay Khuynk, theo song Hotn, song Hoang Ha. Noi chau Thao. Chau Ung 6 vi cOng tin theo dugng thuyén tir dén séng Long Mon 6 phia tiy Houng Ha, Nai Tich Thach nay 6 Khuong Trung thude chau Thién. Ba chau tr quan huyén & ngo’ nue ngodi, doi Han, Dudng khai ph bién; déi Tong bo Lam dia gidi fa khong thu duge thuvie vai du thoenao dé gidp cho cdng vige trong nude. ThE ma dai Duong Neu, duisng vé cing tién cia cac nude ddu thong thuong ca. Than Oi! Chu Cong khuyén Thinh Vuong rang: "Hay stra soan nhung phye, binh khi, theo vot chan vua Dai Vi di khdp thién ha d&n tan bo bé, khdng dau fa khong phuc ting"... Thal ed shu xa lim. 6-8. Vua Dai Vi xua da phong diit va ban tén ho [cho cac quan]: phong cho Khi 6 dit Dai, phong cho ich & dit Tan, Hai dit nay d@u thugc chau Ung, cing chinh fa dat thude coi Tuy (1), phong cho Tit & dat Thuong, thude dia phin chau Dy. Ba Phong con cha Quy bj Hau Nghé diét, nude ca Ba Phong 6 chau Ky. Ngodi ra nhing dat phong cho Cao Dao, cho Thiy, cho Di khdng thay chép. Chai tic (1) Cou Toy: xem 6-9, ct 1. 6-9. Thai truyén cho rang: "Vua Nghidu ding dd 6 chau Ky, ma phia Bac chau Ky o6 gop ca dit Vain Trung, song Trac, song Djch lai, ¢ ring cng khéng duge hai ngan n’im iim dim. Gid nhu ed duye [dign tech] nhu thé di nia thi day cing du la ving dit sa mae khing mot sai eo. Thé mi phia dong nam [3 nc sin122 thé hiéu duge. Nhung ¢ chimg dit dai xua va nay. hodc thjnh hoic suy khong gidng nhau", Tai xét thay; "Vua Thuiin chia chau Ky ra lim ba chau Ia Tinh, U, Doanh, dit dui rat rong. Cae nude chu hau phia bic chau K§, trén duing vé cing tign du vio Bac Hai, qua nai Kiét Thach, thuyén be ign tiép nguge song Dai Ha. Tuting ring nhu thé thi cdc ving @ sa mac hong ving thua {hot khong thé dam duong néi [vide vin chuyén). Ba Di, Thie Té con vua nude Cd Trice, nucie cit hg nay fa Ligu Tay: Co Ti duac phong & Tritu Tién, nay la Litu Dong. Hai dit nay d8u 6 phia dong bic chau Kg. Ngudi xua chua bao gir cho [nhing ving dit ké tron} [a ving dt bién cuong xa xGi dht Duong dat Vigt é phia déng nam nhigu cha cai t6 thug, dyng ra nhitu cde nude chu cho trong nude, thd én kinh su cing khong khic gi cic chiu ca. ‘Vua Thudin phong cho con Ty ri sai quan gidp vice la HO Nam thude chiu Dao. Tung 6 dat Hou i trj dit Ay. Dit fy nay Thiéu Khang phong cho con 14 Vo Dur cr dit Viét, nay Ia tin TriGt Giang thude chu Viet Vua Thoda di wan o dit Thuong Ngo, nay thudc tinh Quang Tay. Vua Vo hi tinh Triét Giang chu hiu & dit COi KE, nay thud[Trén day d&u 13 nhing] nei xe siu ngya cua phat vua qua lai, ch mudn nucée hoi th, cht chua bao gids bo lam coi Yeu, cdi Hoang cd. Cai ten "nm Oi" tudng cing chi la néu ra dai cuong thoi. NEw nhu ed nit myc cho bén mat ngoii edi Dién, céch cdi Dign nam trdm dim Ja coi Hu thi hang van aude trong thién ha, dau phai trong hai ngan dam dat 06 thé chita ndi? [Va lai] cae nude ngoai Oi d6 ra sé khong duce tinh fa chu hau u? Hg Ma ndi: “Cac coi Dién, Hau, Tuy la Trung. Quée, cée coi Yeu va Hoang da 18 di djeh ri. Tri cde nude man di thi phép tac ché dd nén so luac, ding cach khong tri dé tri, xcm hai coi Yeu vi Hoang thi thay phép te ché di khing truyén duge dén noi”. Noi nhu vay cing chua phai: Kinh luge dat Ngung Di, binh dit Tay Nhung, dinh nude Hi Miéu, digt nude Phong Phong, thinh nhin co khi nao khong dem phép tac ché dd dé ring bude cic nude & viing bién cuong xa xdi dau? Cua thick (1) C6i Yeu vd coi Houng: this Nghidv, Thuda chia thite ha ea im iniim cfu {ogi phe). O trung tin Ta Ky (ving Ut do thign Ui tree {Hi ¢6 kinh Lndoh cha vua thigh (i) ri dén coi Dibn, cdi Mu, e64 Tuy, cot Yeu va edi Hoang (cing goi la Dith phuc, Hfhu phuc, “Tuy phue, Hoang phuc). ‘Theo thi Uy Bin iwot, tir gn den xa Vanh Ngodi ngoi eta eB ION, {a S00 dam. oi Yeu, e3i Hoang 8 hal vanh dai xa ahs tong nm 51. Ca nfim e6i nity dw thin phye vu thita 1G, 1237. CAM THE (1) 7-1. Nha Ha déng ¢6 5 Sp An, con nude Hau H6 6 huyén H6 quan Phi Phong, dia thé xa xdi cach urd. Trong dja hat chau Ung, lé nao lai khong cé quan phuung ba xiing dang dé giao cho viéc danh dep mi lai phai dang dén quan cia sau quan khanh & trong kinh ky, va vua phai (y dem quan vugt séng Hoang Ha vao ciza ai, dich thin giao phong cling ké phan nghich 6 nai dng ndi. Tuy lam thé cé dé cao duge cai oui phong cia thidn (i, nhung cing phai chim lo dén muu luge Jau dai cha, Vua Khai(2) chi biét chi § d&n bién cuong phfu tay xa xdi, khOng phing bi gi vé chau Ki & gin, nén sau hon mudi nim moi hoa do Hau Nghé, vua nuce Cung Thach gay ra thi khong sao ngin ndi nda. [Nhu thé thi vua Khai} cing chua duge coi [i nguiri khco lo toan vige nude. Tha thick (1) Cam 1hg: Ven md1 white bude Ha thu, thé the, nos ve Hoi RE truce quan doi (dt Cam cia vu nha Ha trade khi cat quan di dink nude Haw 110. (2) Vua Kini: fo con va Ta ngudi duve n6i ngdi vua Vi nha Hla, 8. NGU TU CHCA (1) 8-1. Vua Thuan di tuan song Nguyén, song Tuong, vua VG hdi [chu hau] & Giang Nam, vua Khai té thin & Quin Dai thuéc chau Dy, déu fa di xa c&, con vua Thai Khang(2) di choi & man song Lac cung chua 124ly gi goi I& xa ca. Thé ma din da voi sinh hai long. Vi [Thai Khang ra ngo’i] khong phai vi tulin tha, cang khong phai vi vic bd trg, ma chi vi ham mé sin bén nén titng xdu ndi ién ma bidm khich sinh ra. Cua thie (1) Nui ud chi ca: tn mbt thidea thude Ha thir, thé cio ndi ve nm rnguiti anh em ciia ‘Thai Khang thdy Thai Khang &n choi vO 40 di 8C ra levi ea nde nhir va Khuyen bio ‘Thai Khang (2) Piatt Khang. con vua Kh’ anit He, duce ni ngdi eb Fam vua tbida 8-2 Truyén nd 1, sau vi An chor v0 dd, chi ham sin bln 9 ngodi ving sOng Lac, nen di bi Hau Nghe Ta mot vua chur Ku ewdp ng. "Khi nba Ha suy, thi Hau Nghé tir nude Scr d&i sang nude Cung Thach, ri dua vao din aha Ha dé cunip chink quy@n cia nba Ha”. Lai ndi: "Khi tha Ha suy, da bo chic Hau tée khong ding, con quan Hau tac 1 B&t Quit vi mat chire quan ma da ty rn sang dit Nhung dich". Nghi ring Hau Nghé la quan phuomg ba & chau phia bic, di d&n mot Sp 1Gn, quan va dan ngay mot déing manh. [Khi dy] Thi Khang lai rudng bd oguti hién Gai nén bon Va La, BG Uyén, Hing Khon, Hing Nga(1) dtu theo vé véi Hu Nghé. Hu tie la che quan cha truyén con 6 tai kinh su. Vua Thai Khang khong lo tu sira dan sy, vi vay ma Bat Quit da ia lai nue cho dit Thai. 125Chi ich (1) Vai La, Ba Uyen, Hing Khén, Bang Nev wn la cdc vua ehu thw a nha $a. 8-3. Dai Va noi voi vua Thudn cing: "Due d6 biéu hién & chinh sy hay, chinh sy “hay” [i nudi din cho no di”. [Di Va) lai day con chau ring: "Dan li géc cina nude, gc ving thi din méi yén". Trude sau [Dai Vii] khong lic nao la khong dé 18 am dén dan. 4-4, Chin chiw wong thién ha, hing van nude chu hi 126 cing phung thi mit ngudi. ngudvi Zy goi Ta vua. Do cing tiGn, t6 thug mang di nap tuy eich sing eich bién nhung khong noi nao [a khong mang dén kin k¥: ngoc Iya mang dén chiu hay vet kign dis Ja edi Yéu hay coi Hoang khong edi nav la khong hoi 6. cae ngon nai cao cla mdi phucng, Sai khién hay chi huy, khOng noi nao ld khong thco ménh [a cSt mucin duge yén dn lam Xn, mudn duye thuong xot ndi dau khé. [Lam vua ma chi] budng thd minh theo ¥ thich rigng, khong dé ¥ gi dén din thi din sé khong chiu theo ménh, bé ti st héa thanh thu dich. Cho nén vua Nghiéu ndi: "Dé cho thién ha khin cing thi Ibe trdi st hét han", Vua Thuiin adi; chang phai lu dan u". Vua Van gin gui ma khong nén coj thudg". Nim ngudsi con [cua vua Thai Khang] noi: "Ta cai tri hang trigu dan, ludn o6 long so hai nhu ding diy cuong muc, rong chige xe sau ngua’,Biét se dan thi nén kinh gid thin, khong rong choi, khOng dam duc, khong Iudi bing. khong hoang tong. Kinh git duce thin minh li da nhan 4i duae véi din. 8-5. Vua Thuiin khi trayén ngoi cho bac thanh hitn da bac es tu chat cao minh, Wua Vii khi rin diy con chau di ndi ning diéu "sé . cung Cai (1) Noguy. vi, tin, nhdie: xom 3-13 1 9. (2) Sde, ciim, néu, dom, cung shir: dy to ahGng fern: kbOng NPD say me sfc dep (sic), say me sin bin (cam: cam tha}. thich rau ngon (tau), thich ca hat (€m: Am bac), Ludn ban tam vei cung thie dai cae. 8-6. Dién, phap, dd tich(1) [a ahiing the rat quan trong céa nba nucic. Vua Chiéu Vuong nude So inh nan(2) do nuve Ngo |xim [ng] phai chay ra nucie ngoai. Mong Cée(3) vio cung Hiy "php didn ké 127tha"(4) mang xudng thuyén theo ding sing trdn ti dam Van Mong. Khi Chigu Vuong tro vé Sp Dinh [la 8 dd}, cac quan bj mat phap dién, da dé cho mudn dan hon mé rdi loan [dén khi] Mong Coc mang phip din vé ding, cde quan c6 phap dién trong tay thi muda dan lai duge rt binh yen. Vua phong cho Mong Céc khu rudng 60 chan(5) Quée sach(6) khen: “Cong Mong Céc én hon cong ngudi gid nusc", Vua Cao Té nhi Han khi vao Him Duong, gu Ha(7) di theo trade titn thu nhat hét db tich luft Iénh(8) feta nhs Tan] nbd thé ma Cao TO duge céc vung trong thién ha, chd nao hiém yZu, chd nto din nhitu it manh yu, eudi cing ldy due ca thién ha_ “ Ha thu (9) chép: "C6 dién chuong, co phép a dé lai cho con chau divi sau", Thoi bay gid vide ditu khién ce quan, n ching phai cé nhitu sd sach ghi chép. Con quan va thach (10) chi I mot oho théi, Cae phép te Ht vat trong thitn Vi Cong, Chinh Dién (11) trong thién Dan Chinh déu nhu vay ca. Cini thick (1) Big, php, dé, tich: cic cién Ie, phép the, ban dd va 98 sich cia mot triu dai. (2) Chidw Vicong niece Sé lank ngn: quan nude Ngo vao dann ehiém Sp Dinh cia nwae Sé, Chitu Vuong phai chay tinh nan sang nude Tay, sau nh oO nude Tan glip nen Chitu Vuong lai iy duce nude Sb. (3) Méng Céc : quan dai phu nude Sb thsi Xuan Thu, 128(4) Phap chin ké hte: ven cudin sich ghi chép vB dién chuomg phép tic eva nude $0, {8) Chan: bir ruong. Trong phép tinh ditn di xva, mot khu ruong duue chia fam nbidu 8 nh cho nen co nhidu bY. Rudng 60 chin Fa khu rudng cd 60 dudng bir ruong. (6) Quée scich: tise Chin quée sich, ta bO sich do ngudi dix Titn ‘Tn hi chép su vite cha thin Chitn quée. Sau ny dén divi Hin, Luu Huong suu tap tai thann mot ho hon, chin. (7) Tieu Ha: mor daoh wading cOa nhia Han. Khi theo Cao TS vao Ham Duong ditt duoc nha Tan, cde quan tranh mhaw vo vet cia cli, ritng Tity Ha chi ds nat aban cc <5 sch pan dd vi wat nb cba nhi Tan 4 trong tying phi. Nnir do abi Main hide daoe cic noi higm yu va dan 88. quan si eda pha Tin ma wit due oh’ Tan (8) 1G eich duds Ménk: pan dd 86 stich va eae dieu upt cba nha Tan (9) Ha thir: xem 6-3 ot 3. (10) Quan vé Thack: (is dom vi do tuimg thai oS cba Trang Quée. Mor ‘quan fb 30 can (can Trung Qudc). Mor thach ti 4 quan. Theo Kink “Thu, vua Va co lam eOng vide thdng abt dem vi chn dong. (LL) Chin dign: cae phép thuimg vt vite chinh sur 6 trong thien Dan chink 8-7. Ky cuung chinh La: 18, php, hinh, chinh. No ti daw mOi Ign. vin gée Ién trong vige ir) thién ha. Cho nén Thai Khang lam loan ky cuong ma nha Ha mat. U Vuang(1), Lé Vuong(2) khong git ky cuong ma nha Chu bj did. (1) U Prong: t& con Tuytn Vuong, vi say me vo thé tt Bao Tu, 66 chinh cung fa Than hdu, bo thai tir Nghi Cau (con Than hau) lap 129Ba Fhuc (con Bao Ty). Sau bi Than hau (tube hav auce Than, ‘anh em cia Than hau) va Khuyén Nhung dnh va git chét chan nd Ly Sem. (2) L@ Vicomg: chau bon din coa Muc Vurmg, vi ding ké Liu nhan via thi Ranh chinh sich bao nguge nth da 61 ngudi trong nude dinh ccho phat chay ra dat Tre. 9. DAN CITINIE (1y 9-1, Chu Tu néi: "Doi vua Thai Khang mat dat Ha Bac, dén doi vua DE Tuding(2) mdi mat dit Ha Nam", Nhu vay la; Thoi vua Trong Khang, Hau Nghé da chia ct dit Ha Bac ra dé tu xung dé. Cong dic voa Vai [thm saul trong long ngudi, tong ngudi luda tudng nhs dén vua VG, cho nén vua Thai Khang wy khong Khoi phue lai duge kin dO 6 chau Kj, phai 6 lai dt Duong Ha nbung cae nude [chu bau] & én, Dy, Thanh, Tir van gidp di va bao ve. [Do d6] Trong Khang ln ndi ngoi [Thai Khang] mi chain hung duve uy Iénh chit it. Sau vi DE Tung ddi vB Thuong Khau nén thé nude mei ngay cang suy yéu. Va Han Xie sau khi da giét ducre Hau Nene 1Si mdi qua sng Hoang Ha diét nha Ha, gigt DE Tudng. Xem trong Ta truyén thay noi la: "Wua gidt Hiu Nghé". [Nhu vay] chinh la dng nghi¢m eda viée Hiu Neh khang lap Trong Khang ma ty [én nm quyén chinh trong nue, 130tain 7m (1) Dan chink (en mot thign thade Ha thu thé 1h2, nd1 ve vu chu ‘iu nude Dan vang menh vua Trong Khang dem qua di dénh he Hy va ho Hoa lam rit logn edng vite trang nue (2) BE Tieng: fa con vaa Trong Khang nna Ta. Thé pha eGa nha Ha 9-2. hu sau: “Thy t6 nha Ha ta Dai Vo, Vo truyén ngo1 cho con ta Khdi, KhAi truyfn ng0i cho con fa Thi Khang. Thai Khang ham chot vO 0 bi {Iau Nghe cue ngdi, sau Trong Khang (con Khai, em Thai Khang) thay Thai Khang fam vua, gidnh tai duve quyen chinb trong nude, sai Dan hau dem quan di dann bo Ty va ho Hoa. ‘Trong Khang truyeén ngdi cho con fa DE Tune, DE TuGng din do dén Thuong Khtu, 1u dé thé nude suy you en va bi Han Xue gi€t. Thifu Khang con DE Tucing giét Han XGe khOi phuc tai cir aghi¢p ni fa. Doe Idi Din Hau bio cde tung si ma cam nghi ngay dén nhin tam thé dao dudi thoi nha Hi Xem xét ky § nghia cau: "Ngudi lam tdi phai git phép thudng” thi thy chinh la noi: nén git lay ché dd phép tic da san c6. Cau: “Tram quan giép sire” chinh 1a agi: thir vic cao thip, cng vide tri nude cd 1Gn nho, moi ngudi ncn Jam het chic ning cua minh dé gidp thién us. dimg cé ludi m quan vi nguiyi Lim thay phi cing khuyén bao lin nhaw" cbinh fa adi: hode Ts ban, bo cing fam quan, hoje Bs thong thude phai cing day bao faa nhau theo digu hay Ié phai, dimg ¢6 clu tha a dua theo hia vai nhau, Cau: "Nguivi tam tho lay ngh nghiép cia minh ra dé can ngiin vua" chinh Ta ndi: nhang nguivi fam tho dia vi (hip hén [khong bling cdc quan] m& con duce ding livi adi thi (rach 131132 nhi¢m cba bin bac bé tdi than cin khOng thé co Ving I khong ndi. Nha Ha, gita chimg bj suy ching phai chi vi vua liic bily gid choi boi ma ngay ce quan co tram vide 66 12 cing ching ai Ta khdng ludi bigng, bo mic cong viéc. Xem ngay nh cde quan ho Hy va ho Hoa chuyén git viGe lam tich ma con rugu ché, hoang toang @ p riéng, bd bisa bai cong vice, thi 6 thé biét duge cdc quan khdc. Chu bau ma ddu nhu thé ca thi vua con nho vao dau due? Vide sin ban 6 séng Lac (1), cudc biGn loan chang tai vua & bén sing Hoang Ha (2), ai la nguisi ding ra can gidn vua sia lai 15i Fim? Ai 1a ngudi bio ve vua lac nguy nan, gidp vua chOng tai ke thir? Mal trong thay vua choi boi khodi lac, khéng hE udn ndn; ngdi nhin vua long dong Iuu [ac ma nhu chang hay biét gi. Dem ti "“khOng kinh vua" ra ma tr} Abang ngudi nay thi hang loat nguoi déu mile ca, Luc Chi (3) bin ve cue bign loan déi Kién trung (4) cho ring: "cic bay (i [thin cain] nhu chan tay, cae chae phan [quan trong) nhu tai mat, cdc quan can gin, cae ty phong bj va bio ve thy vua nguy nav khong ddc hét long trung, thiiy vua hoan nan khing dem hét cng site phd gidp”. Cac bay ti nha Ha lic bay gid that khOng thé Yan wah duce trach nhigm fy. Din hiu pho té vua mo phan cae tap tuc a thei ay cho nén trade48 cinh tinh nhémg ngudi bd quan bd vige khéc. Néu khdng thi trach mOt bé ti nhd, dénh mat ap bé lam gi phai ding dén Wai cdo du “truong hoang"! Nha Tay Chu suy fit vi cdc quan dai phu khong ai chiu sém khuya [chim lo cing vige}, cdc vua chu hau khong ai chju hom sém (gidp vua Thién ti}. Xa gid nha vua 6 dit Phong dit Cao phai dai sang phia déng (5) mi cing khdng thé chin hing lai duge. C4i hai do cdc quan bd cdng bo viée, va muén vite dé nat Joua nha Tay Chu] cing cdn khdng thé ké xiét nhu thé, chit ng gig thoi nha Ha mdi nhu vay dau, Chu: * [Lrong quan] cai nghiém phai nhidu hon long tir ai" 6 thicn nay cing vdi nhing cau: "khdng kinh theo ménb lenh thi di e6 hinh phat" vi "kinh clin thi hanb hinh phat cia tri" & Sa that da cling soi sing cho nhau, § ndi fu tha. Khong dung thir c6 thé din dat va khuyén © bD tdi, Cho adn Iai Yn them ring: "Tat edie nguai phi va phai rin Néu nhu cho [nhing edu nay| chi ¥ ndi ve quan thi hep hoi qua. (Vide san bay od séng Lac: Vua Thai Khang choi bi vo dd, sudt iPim ngay ham me sin bn {bea sdng fac khOng ve, Hd cd vice nwie. (2)Cude bién fogn ching lai vua o hén sng Hoang Ha: Lau Ngne thy Thai Khang ham m@ sin hia ¢r hn sng Lac, di mang quan ching lai Thai Khang, nglin Thai Khang & ben song floang 11 khong cho ‘Thai Khang vé kinh do. 133(3)Luc Chi: nguin thdi va Dic Tong nha Dudmg, am chéc Han Lam ‘hoe si, nhiing Wi ban bac, Su nghi, can gifin cba Ong rt sat thuc va chinh dang. (4)Kign wrung: [780-784] nite hieu con Déc Tong aha Dutmg (cude bit loan nay xAy ra vao n’im thir 4 nitn hitu Kién Trung). (S)Xa gid nha vua 0 dat Phong d&t Cdo phai déi sang phfa déng: Cau ‘mBy noi v8 su thitn dO céa mh’ Chu. That Vin viemg dong dd 6 4p Phong, doi Vii Vuong dix dd tir 4p Phong sang Sp Cao, din Binh vuong doi da tir Ap Cao sang Lac Sp & phia dong. 9-3. Thai Khang vi pham lai rén “ham mé san bin" ma mt nude. Thé ma Hau Nghé lai van mc Oi ham s5n tha & ngo&i ding. Hy Hoa lai pham Idi rn “thich uGng rugu ngon", Sy choi bai va long ham muén da Tam hai ngudvi ta, thé ma ngudi ta khéng tu hi cai duce, nhu vay chang dang Idy fam rin sao? 134THUONG THU 10. THANG THE (1) 40-1, Vua Thang (2) dau tign danh nurse Cat, sau danh nude Vy, nude Cé, nue Con Ngé, phai dung dén suc dan nhigu lam, ma dn dat Bac (3) cing la dan chua timg so hai chinh chién bao gid. Con {nhs Thuong thi cang bit ngudi nha Ha ghét ét] nhu lia véi €6 dai, théc may voi thdc lép khang thé dung nhau, tré con ngudi kén déu nom nép khing ai lit khdng se vo 191 ma bj ch€t oan. CO khong biét vua Kiét bao nguge diu. Hon nia Tai vi vua Thang thiy vua Kigt rat mue trung thanh, nam fan tién eG Y Doan [4 that long mudn udn nin lai dc hanh cia vua, [Thé ma] mt mai mang quan dnh vua Kigt, long dan khong ai la khong nghi ngai, trong d6 c6 ngudi phai lay nghia lin vua ti dé n6i ho thac co ring vua (Thang) da lam cho din ba ¢ mua mang, dé kéu ca [viée phai di danh vua KiGt] Vuu Thang bitt diGu dé, cho nén trong loi th trude hang quan, dau tién vua Thang n6i: “Khdng phai ta 135la dia Gidu ur dim quiy r6i dau", dé 18 13 tong cua minh, sau dé mdi néi dén thuong ngudi cing khdn dé gidi ling nghi ho’ quan si. [Cho dén khi] ménh nha Ha da bj truat bo di ri, ma vua Thang vin thiy khong duge thoai mai trong long, chi hd then rng sie cia minh kém [khong bling tién vuung), va tude khi dem quan |[danh vua Kidt), phai [ké rd t6i vua Kigt] true tram ho, d6 cing a diBu bat ddc thanh nhan finh hoal trong vide xt sy divi sau cing c6 thé xét cho long cia ho. tra (1) Thang thd: (en mot thien trong Thuong Thu, thé the mdi ve fi th cia vua Thang trude khi defn quan di dnh vua Kid nha a hao. ngwae. (2) Via Thang: use Thanh ‘Thang vua thay (6 cba nha Thuong, to thye la LY, la con chau eda Tit, (3) Dat Bae: ki con fa va chu Hw, vus Thang ding dO & Sp Bac ‘Vue Kitt nha Ila hao nguve, Thang da khdi binh tir Ap Bic dom quan dank vua Kiet, Igp ra nha Thuong. 11. TRONG HUY Cin CAO (1) 1-}. Trong Hiy(2) khi khen dite cita vua Thang, khong khen gi khac, dau tign khen ngay dén dang (dang cam) va Ur (iri tug). Con long ding cam thi quyét dodn [duge moi vide); c6 tri tue thi mun toan duge Ico db), Dinh yén duoc mudn phuong, fam nén dug nghigp In du 6 hai chir "dung" va “tri” Ay ca. 136Ly Cuong (3) ndi: "Vj vua lam duge cho nue dang suy tro nén hung thjnh, dang loan wd nén binh yén, néu khdng phai [A bac anh minh kiét xual thi khong thé lam néi" ciing cing mat § véi doan wén Vua nhs Téng cting c6 vj khong gin 4m nhac va sic dop, khong ham mé titn cia va yi Koc, 66 lugng khoan hdng, c6 long nhan ai gidng nhu vua Thanh Thang, thé ma khdng ching ndi giéc ngoai xm, kh@i phuc lai trung nguyén chi vi thigu "dong" va “tri” théi. Chl ince (Trong Hlly chi edo: ( \8n Mot thida trong Thuong Thu thé céo, noi V@ nhéng loi cia Trong [iy khuy?n bao vua Thang, ding thi ding f nang lini khuy@n bao dan ching ché fam nhitng ditu thot dire. (2) Trong Hriy: quan Ta twing cba yua Thang. (3) Ly Creong: ngudi din (ing. Thin vua Cao tong Ong duge fam eudng, da mang hat site ra To chng vite khOi phe nhl TOng, sau Bj Kr _giem phat bai chic 11-2, Gidp vua Kigt Lam didu bao nguge, that co nhigu tay chin lam. Cit xem dan Tay di bac dich déu phai kh6 vi vua cia minh va an hin ring vua Thang dén [ctu] mudn thi rd didu Ay: "Lam cho ngutyi budn ban vin dén chy, ngudi cay rudng vin cay rudng, giét vua bao nguge, edu dan khdn cong, nbu tein mua ding théi, dan chang rat vui mimg". Nhu thé goi tit ddi quan nha 13711-3, Cau: "Theo" nghia" ma xir sy, theo "1" 138 i xua vua chu hau déu la cha truyZn con ndi, con chdu cia ho khéng phil khdng Cin bgo ngang nguge, chi vi cé quan Phuong ba gidm sal. udn nn, thign (it lai cd 16 thudng di (win thé xem xét [edng vide] cua ho. cho nén ké ac khong duye Lim digu bao nguge bia bai v6i dan. [Day 14 do] dao nha Ha da suy, dién chuong khong duge thi hanh; Thang lai la quan phuong ba chuyén gid vige danh dep [hoi ti]. Cho nén cae nude ddu rat ch dgi mong ngéng, va vui mung vi Thang da trit BO ké ti lam bao nguoe, céu din trong canh nude lirs. Nang dé nude hén yéu, lay nucic ri loan, cing f su thé duong nbién ché khong phai cd § tham dit dai cua ho. Nhing ke 16i (im beo nguge, trai da mun Ht dB thi Thang Fam thé no bdi dép va dung ho lai duce. Tat ca déu fa thudin theo ménh tri ma thoi. stra tam", clung voi thuyét “git” “nghta" dé ddi xu voi ben ngo’i, cha trong "kink" khi iu tu dugng long minh” 6 Chu dich. § nghia giéng nhau. Ngudi c hoc muda thanh bie hién (ai, nguivi hién tai mudn thianh thénh hién, céng phu déu din vuo diy ca. Cae cau: "Ai c6 dée 161 thi cho Tam quan, ai 6 cOng to thi trong thudng”, "gidp dé [cdc vua chur hau] hign tai va oO duc tt, cat nhac nguoi trung luong, nang d6 cée nube yéu hen, dinh ké ngu mudi, Hy nucée loan lac, coi khinh nude nguy vong", “gly dung cho cic nube cé nh dé ke hon me tan byo" d@u la ahing vige nghia nén Lim.