MONOGRAPH

ON
PROJECT GUIDELINE

By
Dr. V.S. Mangnale
Mrs. Manish Lande
Mrs. Mrinal Rao
 Monograph on

PROJECT GUIDELINE

Published by
Sinhgad Institute of Buisness Administration and Research
Kondhwa, Pune-411048.

Copy right© Dr. V.S. Mangnale

 PREFACE

This monograph is designed as an introductory guideline handbook on management research.

Research is a continuous and creative process and requires the knowledge of research
methodology to begin with. Several research studies in the form of projects, papers or
dissertations are undertaken and accomplished, but, in most cases very little attention is paid to
an important dimension relating to research, viz., that of research methodology. Research
Methodology is an interesting but complex area of study. This monograph is an attempt to
simplify the methodological part for research students and also to develop the research outlook.

Keeping all this in view, the present booklet has been focused to achieve the research objectives
of research students and guide them throughout the process till writing the report.

This monograph covers all points of a scientific research report. It is divided into mainly three
parts: Firstly, Preliminary Section which covers all the contents as to the preliminary pages of the
research report. Secondly, the Main Body which covers all the major aspects of research as to
problem/ issues, literature review, research methodology used and analysis with conclusions. The
third, Reference Section covers bibliography and appendices.

We will feel amply rewarded if the book proves helpful in carrying out genuine research studies
for the student community at large. We look forward to suggestions from all readers, especially
from experienced researchers and scholars for further improvisation and simplification of the
subject content.

Authors: Prof. Dr. V S Mangnale

Co- Authors: Mrs. Manisha Lande
Mrs. Mrinal Rao
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We take this opportunity as privilege to express our respect and deep sense of gratitude to Prof.
M N Navale, Hon’ble Founder President, Dr. (Mrs.) S M Navale, Secretary, The Sinhgad
Technical Education Society, Pune for their encouragement, valuable guidance for completing
this monograph.

We also wish to express a special thanks to all teaching and non- teaching staff members, the
Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration & Research, Pune for their support. The support is
gratefully acknowledged.

SIBAR expects the students and instructs to use this monograph as a guideline for research
projects and other forms of research work. We hope that both the instructors and the students
will find the monograph useful and helpful.

Any comments or suggestions to add value are welcome and may be mailed to the authors at .
Vs_mangnale@yahoo.co.in (Dr. V S Mangnale, Director, SIBAR)

Authors:

Prof. Dr. V S Mangnale

Mrs. Manisha Lande
Mrs. Mrinal Rao
CONTENTS

Particulars

Introduction
Objectives of the Monograph
Research Project Format

A. Preliminary Section

B. Main Body

C. Reference Section
 INTRODUCTION

Dear Students,

You are required to undergo SUMMER INTERNSHIP/ TRAINING

PROGRAMME for 50 days in a business organization, in an area of your chosen specialization,
as per the requirement of the course curriculum of Pune University for Master’s Degree.

You will be required to choose a topic and do research work on the same in the company under
the guidance of your Internal Project Guide (from the Institute) and the Guide in the company.

The research project to be done:

You are required to note the following points before you start the training:
• This is a compulsory assignment and carries 100 marks
• You are required to undertake a short research assignment focused on a particular topic
related to your specialization and not supposed to do a general study.
• If there are two or more students doing the project in the same company, then those
students should make sure that they are not working on the same topics. [Project titles
must be different. The topics must be different in such a case.]
• Preferably you should carry out the research with the help of a questionnaire, as per the
university requirements. However, it may not be necessary in rare cases, depending on
the nature of the topic.
• Do a genuine and quality work as this subject may help you to earn good marks; and your
Summer Training Project/ Internship work also looked as a base of industrial experience
at the time of placements for fresher candidates.
• You are also required to preserve the data collected, filled up questionnaires, or any
related documents and information till the viva voce.

This Summer Training / Internships are made a part of your Master’s programme with following
objectives:

• To create awareness about current business environment by industrial exposure.

• To learn about the link as well as gap between classroom knowledge and actual work
situations.
• To understand functioning of business organizations, functioning of various departments
at various levels in the organization.
• To understand the current status of the organization.
• To create awareness about various functional problems or issues faced by business
organizations and to learn to find meaningful solutions for them with the help of
managerial knowledge and skills.

You are required to submit a project report based on your study of particular problem in a
specific business organization based on your understanding and observations during the summer
training period. The project report is a serious document and is to be written in a scientific
manner in line with the guidelines provided. Your research project report is a mirror of your
efforts made in period of 50 days and much more.

Objectives of the Monograph:

• To achieve the research objectives of research students and guide them throughout the
process till writing the report.
• To introduce students to the carrying out scientific research
• To guide them for collecting secondary and primary data
• To introduce them to the various techniques of data analysis
• To guide them for concluding the study
• To help students to write a good report of the research so conducted by them.

Research Project Format:

The research project which you are required to carry out is expected to be based on more of
primary data. It is divided into mainly three parts: Firstly, Preliminary Section which covers all
the contents as to the preliminary pages of the research report. Secondly, the Main Body which
covers all the major aspects of research as to problem/ issues, literature review, research
methodology used and analysis with conclusions. The third, Reference Section covers
bibliography and appendices.

This monograph gives a clear guideline as to formulation of objectives of project, collection of

data, analysis, etc., as said in the above paragraph. The students are required to strictly adhere to
the guidelines for carrying out the research as well as writing the report.
PRELIMINARY
SECTION
 A. Preliminary Section

The preliminary section contains formal documents like certificates, declaration, etc. It gives the
reader an idea about the title, contents of the topic of the research project and the format of the
required documents to be attached. This section contains the following:

1. Title Page
2. Certificate of from Industry
3. Certificate from the Institute [Director’s Certificate]
4. Acknowledgments (if any)
5. Declaration by the student
6. Abstract / Executive Summary
7. Table of Contents
8. List of Tables (if any)
9. List of Figures (if any)

• The above order of the contents should be maintained while preparing the report.
• The page numbers for this section have to be written in Roman small alphabets,
(eg. xi) and must be written at the bottom of the page in center.
 1. FORMAT FOR TITLE PAGE

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

“…………………..(TITLE)………………………..”

AT

……..NAME OF THE COMPANY……….

(PLACE)

SUBMITTED TO
PUNE UNIVERSITY

In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements

for the Award of Requirement of
Masters of Business Administration

BY
…..NAME OF STUDENT……
[eg. Amit Kumar Sharma]
MBA- III
Roll No…

PROJECT GUIDE
………………….NAME…………………

ACADEMIC YEAR 2009-2011

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION &

RESEARCH
KONDHWA, PUNE- 48
INSTRUCTIONS AS TO TITLE PAGE:
• Title page/ Front Cover: The front cover shall contain the following details embossed in
Golden Colour.

Top : The Title of the project, and name of the organization in the block capitals
of 6mm size letters properly centered.

Center: Submitted to Pune University , by _______(full name of the candidate)

with course specification and year of submission, in Block Capitals of 3mm size
letters, properly centered.

Bottom: Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration & Research

S.No. 40/4A + 4B/ 1, Near PMC Octroi Post, Kondhwa- Saswad Road,
Kondhwa(Bk), Pune- 411048
(All in Block capitals of 3mm size letters in separate lines with spacing
and properly centered.)

1. Name of the company must be written exactly as it appears on the certificate issued by
the company
2. Title of the research topic must be also exactly same as it is mentioned in the certificate
and all other inner pages of the report.
3. Name of the project guide must be written in capital letters.
4. Name of the institute must also be written in capital letters with address.
 2. Certificate of the concerned company.
(As per the individual company format to be printed on original letterhead of the company)

CERTIFICATE FROM THE COMPANY

This certificate is to be obtained on original letterhead of the company by the project student
where he/ she carried out project work. Following points must be considered while obtaining
the certificate:

1. It has to be printed on the original letterhead of the company.

2. It must have a correct mention of the title of the project topic.
3. It must bear the signature of the Head of the Department under which the student has
undergone the project study.
4. It must mention the correct duration with dates of the project done by the student.
5. It must bear the seal of the company.
 3. Certificate of the Institute shall be in the following format:

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that __________________(Name of the student in Italics) student of

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION & RESEARCH, Pune has
completed his/ her summer training at ___________________(Name of the organization in
Bold)on the topic of ___________(Name of the topic in Capital & Italic) and has submitted the
Summer Training Project Report in partial fulfillment of _____(course name) of the
UNIVERSITY OF PUNE for the academic year_____( mention year).

He/she has worked under our guidance and direction. The said report is based on
bonafide information.

PROJECT GUIDE NAME DR. V S MANGNALE

Designation Director

Date:-

Place:-

Instructions as to Certificate from the Institution:

• Certificate should be printed on original college letterhead.

• Title and Main body will be separated by two lines.
• For main body spacing of 1.5” between the adjacent lines.
• The blank spaces will have respective data in italics and bold as mentioned at the places.
• Name of the company and the topic must be mentioned correctly.
• Name of the topic to be written in capital and in Italic.
• Name of the Director and the project guide should be correctly spelled and written in
capital letters.
 4. ACKNOWLEDEMENTS

Please take a note of following while preparing Acknowledgement:

• Title and Main body will be separated by two lines.

• For main body spacing of 1.5” between the adjacent lines.
• Unless you credit elsewhere, mention diligently the names of persons and organizations
that have helped you in the production of the report.
• The students should make sure to spell the names properly and include the designations
carefully.
• If there were half a dozen colleagues in the department of the company with whom the
student interacted during the course of the project work, it is not mandatory to name each
one of them. It could be more appropriate to thank the team as a whole for their support
and guidance.
• The acknowledgement should be of a single page length only.
 5. DECLARATION:
It is necessary for a student to declare that his/her project work is original. The following is the
format for the same.

SINHGAD INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

AND RESEARCH, KONDHWA (BK)

DECLARATION
I herby declare that the project titled “_______________________” is an original piece of
research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of
_____________________ (Name of the Guide). The information has been collected from
genuine & authentic sources. The work has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement of _____________(Name of Course) to Pune University.

Place: Signature:

Date: Name of the student

 6. Executive Summary

• Executive summary is a gist of the project work presented in not more than 250 words.
The executive summary is expected to provide answers to some key questions mentioned
below.
What did you do it?
Why did you do it?
• It gives the substance of the report. In fact, a summary presents the reports in a nutshell,
without any illustrations and explanations.
• Since it will be summary of what you yourself have written, it may be better to prepare
the abstract/ summary directly from the outline or the table of contents, without getting
entangled in the text, and then to check it with the main body of the report. This
procedure will give you a better sense of balance and perspective.
• The Executive Summary will not read more than two pages.
 7. Table of Contents/ Index (with page no.s)

The Table of contents may look like as under:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of the topic

1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Limitations and future scope
1.6 Hypothesis

CHAPTER IICONCEPT & METHODOLOGY

2.1 Concepts relating to study topic
2.2 Methodology Details- Description of Research Design and Procedures used
2.3 Sources of Data
2.4 Sampling Procedures
2.5 Methods and Instruments of Data Gathering
2.6 Statistical Tools for data analysis

CHAPTER III Organizational Profile

3.1 About the organization

3.2 Vision, Mission of the organization
3.3 Historical background of the organization
3.4 Different Departments of the organization
3.5 Different product profile of the organization
3.6 Organizational Structure/ chart.
3.7 Current status of the organization
3.8 Future plans of the organization
3.9 Awards and achievements by the organization
3.10 Any other relevant information of the organization

CHAPTER IV Data Analysis

4.1 Graphical / Tabular representation of data analysis

CHAPTER V Summary and Conclusions

5.1 Summary of study

5.2 Major findings (reject or fail to reject Hypothesis)
5.3 Conclusions
5.4 Suggestions or Recommendations
 8. LIST OF TABLES (if any )

For example:

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE OF THE TABLE PAGE NO.

Table no. 1.1
Table no. 1.2
Table no. 2.1
Table no. 2.2
Table no. 3.1
Table no. 3.2
Table no. 4.1
Table no. 4.2
Table no. 5.1
Table no. 5.2

Tables may be more or less depending upon the tables included in each chapter

9. LIST OF FIGURES (if any)

For example:

LIST OF FIGURES

TABLE NO. TITLE OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO.

Figure no. 1.1
Figure no. 1.2
Figure no. 2.1
Figure no. 2.2
Figure no. 3.1
Figure no. 3.2
Figure no. 4.1
Figure no. 4.2
Figure no. 5.1
Figure no. 5.2

Figures may be more or less depending upon the figure in drawn/ used/ included in each chapter.
MAIN BODY
 B. MAIN BODY

1. INTRODUCTION:
1.1. Introduction is the first chapter of the project report through which the researcher
introduces the research topic to the readers. The main function is to say what the report is
about, what work has already been done on the subject and what new grounds are
covered in the present study.

• Since the introduction sets the scene and prepares the reader for what is to follow, take
utmost care in writing it. It should be object oriented and must be clear. The introduction
to a report states in a forthright manner what you are going to discuss and does not admit
of any vagueness. Thus, the Introductory chapter should cover following points:

o Basic Theoretical concepts

o Statement of the problem & Significance of the problem
o Objective of your study, i.e. Purpose of you choosing the topic
o Statement of Hypothesis
o Scope of your study & Limitations
o Definitions of terms used and symbols.

• Basic Theoretical Concepts: Here you shall mention the basic theoretical concepts of the
topic of study.

• Objectives: While writing the objectives of the study, a general review of how the
problem arises is presented along with the specific objectives of the project under study.

1.2 Statement of the problem:

Here the researcher is expected to state about the issue/ problem he has investigated
through his research and following points can be taken in to consideration while writing it:
* The problem should be presented clearly and briefly
* Statement of problem must emerge from the need of conducting the study.
* It should be related to the objective of the study
* It should be eye view of the project
* It should be in inverted commas.

1.3 Objectives of the report

A project report has two types of objectives, primary and secondary. The primary objective is
the main purpose of the study and to answer this objective you require to get answers of
some supporting questions, which are called secondary objective. There should be minimum
five to six objectives, which should be answered in the conclusions.

1.4 Significance of the study:

Here the student is expected to write:
• Why he/ she conducted this study
• Sources of key originating research
• The selected problem in the theoretical context of the concerned discipline should be
specified.

1.5 Limitations and future scope:

Scope: Scope of your study must mention the topical, functional as well as geographical
scope of your study.

1.6 Hypothesis:

Hypothesis: A little detail explanation is required about writing Hypothesis. Students

must note that Hypothesis is nothing but a mere assumption or some supposition to be
proved or disproved by putting it to a test. Or Hypothesis is a tentative generalization- the
validity of which remains to be tested.

• Hypothesis should be clear and less in number. It should be simple and

limited in scope. It must be a testable statement, e.g.,

“Employees who receive training and counseling show a greater increase in creativity and
productivity than employees who do not receive training and counseling.”

Such a statement can be objectively tested and verified.

Please note that forming a hypothesis is optional about summer project research.

This introductory chapter may run 5-6 pages.

CHAPTER II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

2.1. Concepts relating to study topics:

Students may clarify any specific concepts about their research study topic in this
chapter.

2.2 Methodology Details

Research is a process and series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out
research. A good research would always require researcher’s contribute in terms of
energy, time and money. This chapter includes following points:

• Details regarding the different methodology used in terms conceptual data will be
included in this. If possible appropriate reason of usage of a methodology should be
mentioned.
• Research plan, Design, i.e. in simple words, how you would carry out the research?

2.3 Sources of Data:

Methods of Data collection used for the project: You are required to collect different
types of data for the project and it should be mentioned specifically. Data can be collected
through two sources:

a. Primary Data:-

“The first hand information which has been collected by the researcher or his agent is
called Primary Data”

“The Primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus
happens to be original in character.”

2.4 Sampling procedures:

To minimize the cost, time and repetition, a representative sample is chosen for the study.
Sampling is the process which helps to select an appropriate sample which minimizes error
in study.

Sampling is carried out on a definite population and hence you must define population with
reference to your project. Also, you must specify sampling unit and sample size. Sampling
procedure should be defined. You must give a brief explanation for choosing a specific
sample population, unit, sample size and sample selection technique used.

Defining the target population.

 The entire consideration of items from which sample is selected is called the population. A
clear definition of the population under study reduces the chances of including the
respondent who do not fit in the research objective.

Specifying Sampling unit.

Sampling unit can be a geographical area like state, district or village etc / family etc. and if
family is the unit then women in the family is the element of the unit.

e.g. for a cosmetic brand survey household above monthly income of Rs. 10,000 is the
sample unit.

Selection of sampling method

The Sampling method decides the way in a manner sample is selected. There are two
sampling methods

Probability sampling :
Under this method each member of the population has a equal chance of inclusion in the
sample. It is further divided
• Simple random sampling -
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified random sampling
• Multistage cluster sampling

Non-Probability sampling
Under this method factors other than random chance is used for selection of the sample
• Convenience sampling
• Quota sampling
• Judgment sampling
• Snowball sampling
Simple random sampling is the commonly used method for the summer projects.

For e.g. To evaluate the success of the training programme 20 samples are selected from the
total number of employees.

2.5 Methods of Data Gathering:

2.5.1 Collection of Primary Data:

• Observation Method: - Under the observation method, the information is
sought by the way of investigators own direct observations without asking to respondent

• Discussion with the authority: in this method Discussing the issue with the
Authority and thus information or data for the research is gathered.
 • Interview: In personal interview respondent is asked questions by the
researcher and thus collect the required information.
This is further been divided into
 Personal interview :
a) Direct personal: when data are collected by investigator personally by
asking questions to the persons from whom the information is to be
obtained
b) Indirect personal : when data are collected not directly by investigator but by
the person close to respondent it is called indirect personal interview.

 Telephonic interview : when respondent is geographically dispersed data is

collected by asking questions on the telephone. This method is generally used by
industrial surveys and big industrial cities.

• Questionnaire: A set of questions prepared by the researcher for collecting required information
from the respondent is called questionnaire.
In this method a questionnaire is send to the respondent with a request to answer and return
the questionnaire. Mail expenses for the same are born by the researcher.

Characteristics of good questionnaire

1. The size of questionnaire should be as modest as possible, but not at the

cost of necessary information to be collected.

2. Question should be as simple as possible.

3. Maximum clarity should be maintained.

4. The sequence of questions should be maintained.

5. It should attract the attention and generate interest of the informant.

6. Sufficient scope should be given for the informant to express all the
relevant facts, thoughts and information.

7. It is attractive in appearance, neatly arranged and beautifully printed.

8. Questions are printed in good psychological order proceeding from

general to specific.

9. It is easy to classify, tabulate and interpret.

Steps Involved in questionnaire construction:-

Decide on the content of

Individual questions

Types of questions

Wording of the questions

Sequence of the questions

Lay-out of the
questionnaire

Pre-test of the
questionnaire

Final revised
questionnaire
First step - What type of individual questions are included- it depends upon the nature of the
study.
- The questions that put the great strain on the memory of respondent should not be
included.

- Complicated questions should be avoided.

- Questions of personal character should be avoided.

- Questions are included in such a way that respondent should give the information
voluntarily.

Types of questions-
Open questions- Questions where in respondent is free to express his facts.
Multiple choice- Questions for which multiple choices are made available to the respondent and
asked the respondent to select one of them, for example- which party will be leading party
(a) I congress (b) BJP (c) United front (d) None of these

Wording of questions:-

The researcher should note that each question must be very clear-
- Wording should be clear and simple.

- Should be easily understood

- Should convey only one thought at a time

- Emotional words should be avoided.

- Any sort of misunderstanding can do irreparable harm to a survey

Sequence of the questions:-

In order to make the questionnaire effective –

- Do the opening question win the interest of the respondent

- Questions sequence should be logical and go from general to more specific.

- Difficult questions must be given at the end because

- “The researcher must remember that the answer to a given question is a function not only
of the question itself, but of all previous questions as well”.

- So researcher should pay attention to the questions sequence.

Lay-out of the questionnaire:-

- Quality of paper used the type of printing neatly arranged and attractive in appearance
create the good impression about the questionnaire.

- Instructions for filling up of the questionnaire should be given in detail.

- All the questions should be coded.

- The codes should be indicated on the questionnaire itself to facilitate the final tabulation
and analysis.

Pre test of questionnaire:-

Investigator should try to test whether

- Respondent understood all the questions.

- Does the opening question generate interest.

- The wordings are proper or not.

- The pre-testing ignore the deficiency in the questionnaire

Final draft of the questionnaire:-

Final draft of the questionnaire is prepared after doing the required changes.

2.5.2 Collection of secondary data:

It is the data that are already available i.e. the data already collected and analyzed by
someone else. It may be either published or unpublished data.

“The Secondary data, on the other hand are those which have already been collected by
someone and which have already been passed through the statistical process.”

For ex. - Population census report, National Sample survey report, Economic and
statistical report are the examples of secondary data.

• However, it is necessary to mention tool or technique used for collecting and analysis of
different types of data for the project.
The commonly used methods for collecting secondary data are:-
• Books- Text books and reference books on the topic of study may be referred by the
researcher for in-depth knowledge of the topic and conceptual clarity.
• Company annual reports and other reports: Company’s annual reports/ quarterly reports,
company in-house journals/ periodicals can be also good source of data of relevant
information to the research topic.
 • Journals, Magazines: Research journals, Business magazines, news papers can also be a
good source of information for the research to be carried out.
• Other Govt. publications: Official publications by the governments relating to govt.
policies, facts and figures can be used as authentic source of data.
• Internet: Internet is a widely popular source of information worldwide, with the help of
various search engines available a researcher can obtain data relating to his topic of study.

This chapter may be written in 3-5 pages approximately.

CHAPTER III ORGANIZATIONAL PROFILE OR COMPANY PROFILE

This chapter is about information regarding the business organization wherein the research is
carried out. You are required to outline the following:

3.1 About the company

Following points may be covered in this sub- topic:

• Name, address and location of the company, also Head Office, branch offices(s )of the
company

3.2 Vision, Mission of the organization

• Vision, mission and goals of the company

• Quality policy, Objectives of the company, etc.,
• If the student is unable to find vision and mission due to its non- existence in the
company, he/ she may help the company to write the same and the same can be then
included in the project.

3.3 Historical background of the organization

This subtopic briefs about the growth of the company from its existence.
In short, it gives a picture of the progress of the company from the day of its foundation, in brief.

3.4 Different Departments of the organization:

Here, the student is expected to enlist all the departments existing in the organizations.

3.5 Product profile of the organization:

Mention about the various products of the company in the market.

3.6 organizational structure/ chart or hierarchy

Organizational chart of the company showing the hierarchy of authority is to be drawn.

3.7 Current status of the organization:

• Its Collaborations, International certifications, etc., if any
• Summary statistics about the company such as number of employees, turnover, etc.
• Financial statements, like balance sheets, if required
• Brief information as to company’s market share, or competitors, etc.,

3.8 Future plans of the organization:

If student is able to get information from the organizational sources about the company’s future
plans, such information is also to be included.

3.9 Awards and achievements by the organization:

A mention is must about any special awards received by the company.

3.10 Any other relevant information of the organization:

If student has any other relevant information about the organization worth sharing, it can be
written in this chapter.

The information given in this topic should be relevant to the topic chosen and descriptive data
related to it should be attached in the Annexure and give reference by parenthetical statements.
The information content of this chapter may vary with the fields of specialization like HR,
Marketing, Finance, etc.

The chapter must not extend beyond 7-8 pages.

CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS:

Once the data is classified and tabulated the next important step is data presentation and analysis
of the data. The entire success of research is depends upon the proper data analysis or
interpretation. Data Analysis is the real contribution of the researcher. When the data is analyzed
or interpreted researcher should always try to get the results from that analysis.

Data is always presented in the tabular form. When the data is analyzed, it is not necessary to
explain each and every thing which is given in the table. The purpose of analysis is to draw
conclusions, observations and findings. On the basis of these findings (facts) the suggestions or
recommendations are to be made. With the help of analysis, researcher will get factual state of
affairs and on that basis solutions are to be suggested. From this point of view, data analysis, the
very important part, the researcher has to take every care while analyzing the data.

This chapter may require 15-20 pages depending on the scope of the research topic.
CHAPTER 5 : SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

This Chapter contains three parts viz., Main Findings, Policy Suggestions, and Scope for further
research study.

• Main Findings: Findings are statements of factual information based upon the data
analysis. Students must consider following points while writing findings:
1. Findings must relate to the data analyzed and project the rejection or proof of
hypothesis.
2. The wording of the findings must be simple & clear.
3. All the findings must be sequenced logically and serially listed. (1-2 pages)

• Policy Suggestions: Policy suggestions are some suggestions by the researcher to the
organization based on his findings. In simple words, these are recommendations for
future course of action. These suggestions must relate to and flow from the findings.
They should be practical and rational and specific and should be enlisted in the
descending order of their importance. Students should avoid controversial
recommendations. (1-2 pages)

• Scope for further research study: Every research work has some limitations like
constraints as to time, data availability, monitory limitations, sampling errors, statistical
errors, etc, which may be the scope for the project improvement. Also, some new
questions may arise during the present research work, which are not properly answered in
the current project work which may be investigated further and it may be indicated in the
future scope. (1-2 pages)
 REFERENCE
SECTION

C. REFERENCE SECTION:

Any study needs references and the due credit must be given to it by its proper mention in the
reference section.

Reference Section is divided into two parts :

1. Bibliography
2. Footnotes
3. Annexures

1. Bibliography- The reference section deals with the presentation of bibliography. It is list
of the sources of material used by the researcher. Bibliography is prepared categoriwise
and then arranged in an alphabetical order. Thesis, books, reports, journals, periodicals
and unpublished sources, all these referred by researcher are given categoriwise and
alphabetically. It must be prepared carefully and complete in all respects, so that it is easy
to locate the reference subject index and author index are included in the reference
section for the benefit of the readers.
• Bibliography entries are divided into three categories. They are:

1. Published books: This bibliography entry for a book is made up of three parts.
They are: Author, title and the publication details. In case of Author’s name,
the family name comes first followed by initials or the first name. In case of
multiple authors, the sequence of authors is to be maintained as published in the
book. The title of the book is to be reproduced as it is. Mention title of the book
in italics. The publication details include name of the publisher, place and date or
year of publication. Edition number (2nd , 3rd etc.) .
Use a comma to separate three parts of this bibliography entry.
Example:
Kothari C.R., Research methodology-methods and techniques, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi 1985, second edition.

2. Journals:: Typical bibliographical entry for journals and periodicals are done
same as Books mentioned above
The title of the article is to be reproduced as it is. Place the title of the
article in quote marks. The publication details include the name of the journal,
Volume number or Issue number, Date or month of publication. In case the
journal does not follow the volume number or issue number pattern, then it may
not be included in the bibliographical entry. Mention the page number on which
the article appears in the journal.

3. Periodicals: Students may refer to various periodicals relevant to their topic of

study and reference of the same may be given in the report. The title of the article
referred to, is to be reproduced as it is. Place the title of the article in quote marks.
The publication details include the name of the periodical, Volume number or
Issue number, Date or month of publication. In case the journal does not follow
the volume number or issue number pattern, then it may not be included in the
bibliographical entry. Mention the page number on which the article appears in
the periodical.

Example:
Ferguson Lian, “ The software puzzle”, MIS South Asia, June 2000,pp. 52-56

4. Thesis: Thesis is the research work completed by the researcher in the form of
thesis to any University, is used as a source of material in the concerned subject.
Referred part of thesis must be mentioned with the details as to the Author/
Researcher, respective page numbers, title of the thesis, name of the University /
Institution to whom submitted and the date / month/ year of submission.

Example:
Dr. Shikha Jain, “Impact of liberalization on Public Sector Banks in India with a
special reference to select banks efforts to meet the demands of competition,
 consolidation and systematic stability.”, page no.s 110-115, , submitted to Bharati
University, Sept. 2009.

5. Online Published material on the world wide web:

The bibliographical entry for World Wide Web is done as follows:
Name of the author or authors (Surnames first, first names and initials
subsequently)
Title of the article
URL ( complete URL description, date on which it is referred)
Example:
Kothari C. R.
Guidelines for Technical writing
URL : http://www.ent.edu/valy/techwrite.html
October 5, 2009

Note: Though ‘Footnote’ is important part of Reference Section, but for preparing project reports
footnotes are not used or not included.

Bibliography may extend to 2 pages.

ANNEXURE

• An annexure contains material which is needed to support the main body of the report but
is too detailed/ voluminous to be included in the text.

• All the annexure should be referred to in the text and its significance or meaning pointed
out. If its number is more than one, they should be designated as Annexure A, Annexure
B and so on.

• Generally the kinds of data included in the annexure are questionnaires, statistical data,
samples of forms of data sheets or data sheets used in the investigation and other
materials which must be included for record. These are annexures in reference to the data
presented in the project report and include the following:

• Blank Questionnaire
• Interview schedules
• Complex Tables
• Technical notes
• Financial data
• Company brochures or report excerpts, etc. relevant to the research topic.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD REPORT WRITING:

A project report is a presentation of your hard work done so far. It’s a channel of communicating
the research findings to the readers of the report. To make the report efficient and effective
following points may be of help:

• The length of the report should be enough to cover the subject but short enough to
maintain interest of the readers.
• It must maintain the consistency and continuity of the subject.
• Abstract terminology and technical jargons should be avoided to maintain the simplicity
in the language.
• Graphical and tabular representation of data, charts, etc. helps quick understanding of the
subject and hence, may be used.
• The report must be structured properly in accordance with the objectives of the research
problem. Ultimately the report must solve the problem addressed in there.
• Clarity is the heart of any document and should be maintained in the project report also.
• Proper indentation, annexure, bibliography has to be followed.
• Spelling mistakes should be carefully checked and avoided.
• Abbreviations to be specified at the mention of the term at the first instance of occurrence
in the report
• Report must be attractive in appearance, neat and clean whether typed or printed.

GUIDELINES FOR REVIEWING DRAFT:

Adequate reviewing effort has to be put in by the researcher to avoid errors. Following points
must be answered at the time of reviewing:

• Is the text clear and free from ambiguity?

• Is the intended message conveyed to the readers?
• Is the scope of the research work covered and are the objectives of the study fulfilled?
• Is continuity maintained in the flow of the report?
• Is the report exceeding the page limit prescribed?

PRINTING OF FINAL REPORT:

After careful reviewing the draft and proofreading the researcher should make corrections, if
any. He must check the completion of the project in all respects. After the approval of the project
guide the report may be finally printed. While taking the final print out of the report, the
following points can be considered:

• Copies: You are required to make the project report in THREE copies [one for
submission to the University, one to the Institute, and one for your own record.]
• Binding: The copies will be Black resin bound with the details on it embossed in Golden
colour.
• Page: Use Standard white A4 size paper for the printing.
• Font Type: Use ‘Times New Roman’, the universal Formal font. Do not use informal
fonts. Also, use ‘Justify’ command for the text.
 • Font Size: Font size to be kept 12 for normal script and 16 for Titles.
• Margins: Left 1.5”, and
Right , Top and Bottom margins – 1” each.
• Page Numbering: to start from Introduction till Bibliography.
• Line Spacing: 1.5
• Title page/ Front Cover: The front cover shall contain the following details embossed in
Golden Colour.
Top : The Title of the project, and name of the organization in the block capitals
of 6mm size letters properly centered.

Center: Submitted to Pune University , by _______(full name of the candidate)

with course specification and year of submission, in Block Capitals of 3mm size
letters, properly centered.

Bottom: Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration & Research

S.No. 40/4A + 4B/ 1, Near PMC Octroi Post, Kondhwa- Saswad Road,
Kondhwa(Bk), Pune- 411048
(All in Block capitals of 3mm size letters in separate lines with spacing
and properly centered.)

SUBMISSION OF THE REPORT:

• Three copies of the project report should be duly signed by the candidate, research guide
and the Director with the seal of the institute. One copy of the report may be retained by
the researcher and two copies to be submitted to the institute. One copy of the report may
be submitted to the company where the research project was conducted, if required by
them.

TIPS FOR VIVA VOCE:

There would be a viva-voce conducted of the research report. Subject Experts appointed by the
University will conduct the viva-voce. The researcher will be asked about the project he has
conducted and further clarifications about it.

What is expected from VIVA VOCE?

The common questions that may be asked:

• Why did you select the topic?
• Objectives of your project
• Details about the research methodology used in the project
• About the company/ organization/ industry
• Important findings and suggestions of the study
 • Your experience in the company/ organization/ industry
• What is learning out of the project / summer training/ experience in the organization
• Whether the training and the study really added value to your knowledge?
There would be a viva-voce conducted of the research report. Subject Experts appointed by
the University will conduct the viva-voce. The researcher will be asked about the project he
has conducted and further clarifications about it. To make the entire process of viva- voce
effective, following tips can be helpful:

• Be aware about the date, time and venue of the Viva-voce.

• Remain present at the venue at least 20 mins. Before scheduled time.
• Observe formal dress code for the viva-voce.
• Prepare thoroughly for the viva and choose words carefully to answer the questions
asked.
• Don’t forget to carry your personal copy of the research project report.
• Your body language should reflect your politeness and confidence and your appearance
should be formal and pleasant.
• Take note of the suggestions given by the examiners carefully.

Summer Training may be looked at as a stepping stone for the final placements. It is a dress
rehearsal for students of the organizational environment. For freshers, it can give hands on
experience in the area of specialization, if done religiously. Hence, students are expected to get
most out of it which indirectly will help them in final placement.
 Dr. V.S. Mangnale, MA(Economics), CCJ, Ph.D.(Economics), MPM.
Currently serving as a Director, Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration
and Research, Kondhwa, Pune. He has 30 years of diverse experience in
academics. He served as Principal of Sinhgad Commerce College, Kondhwa,
Director- Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration and Computer
Application,
Mrs. ManishaLonavala, Dean B.E.
Dhiren Lande, Faculty of Commerce,
(Electronics) Shivaji University etc.
& M.B.A.(Marketing)
He is recognized
working PG and
as a Lecturer Ph.D. guide
in Marketing at for University
Sinhgad of Pune,
Institute Solapur University,
of Business
Shivaji University
Administration andand Tilak Maharshtra
research, Kondhawa. Vidyapeeth, Pune.
She has 2 years He is having
industrial and 4 diverse
experience
years of working
academic statutory authorities of various universities. He is a
experience.
member of research committee of Swami Ramanand Thirth Marathwada
University, Nanded. He has presented many research papers and arranged
workshops successfully.

Mrs. Mrinal Sanjay Rao, LL.M., MP.M, D.L.L. & L.W, Associated as a
lecturer with Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration & Research,
Pune. Has diverse experience in industrial and academics for 9 yrs.

Sinhad Technical Education Society’s

Sinhgad Institute of Business Administration and Research
S.No. 40/4A+4B/1, Near PMC Octroi Post,
Kondhwa-Sawad road, Kondhwa(Bk.), Pune – 411 048.
Tel No. 020 – 2693 3633
URL: www.sinhgad.edu