Theories of state origin

The Evolutionary Theory

This theory is formed on the principle that the state was an evolution of the family, becoming more and
more complex as the family grew.
The Force Theory
This theory is based upon the idea that a government arose when the people of an area were brought
under the authority of one person or group.
The Divine Right Theory
This theory is based on the notion that a god or multiple gods chose certain people to rule a civilization
or group of people.
The Social Contract Theory
This theory was created in the 1600s when the Europeans challenged sovereign rulers. Those people
were backed up by philosophers that believed the origin of the state was in a social contract.

Inherent powers of the state

1.The Power of Taxation
2.The Power of Eminent Domain and
3.Police Power

Taxation is the power of the state to enforce proportional contribution from the people, property and
exercise of the right within its territory to raise revenue for the purpose of defraying the necessary
expenses of the state. It is stated in the “LIFEBLOOD DOCTRINE” that taxes are the lifeblood of a nation
which means that without the revenue raised from Taxation the state will not survive. It would be
paralyzed and could not operate in an effective and efficient manner.

The power to tax is the most important inherent power of the state because it raises revenue in order to
support the operations of the government. The state cannot continue to operate or exist without
financial means, as provided by taxation.

Eminent Domain It is the power of the state to forcibly take the private property for public use upon
payment of just compensation. Like police power it is based on the public necessity and is exercised by
the legislative branch of the state. However, unlike police power, Eminent domain may be exercised by
the private entities with the express valid delegation from the legislature. It can likewise be exercised by
the President of the country or even the Administrative agencies and local governments. The power is
usually exercised through the formal expropriation proceedings.

POLICE POWER This is the state power to promoting the public welfare, peace and order by restraining
and regulating the use of both liberty and property of all the people. It may be exercised only by the
government. It is also considered as the most powerful among the three inherent powers of the state.
Police power permits the state to take liberty, property, or even the life of a person for the better good
of the society as a whole.