Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group-to-group
ROLE OF LANGUAGE
Language is a system of
verbal and non-verbal
written symbols with
standardized meaning.
Non-verbal
language involves
the use of written
symbols.
Verbal language -
involves the use of
words or sound
symbols for things,
objects, or ideas.
a.Symbolic
interaction
b.Functionalist view
• SYMBOLIC INTERACTION refers to
the communication of thoughts
& feelings between individuals
that occurs by means of symbol.
SPECIFIC APPROACHES UNDER
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
1. Definition of the Situation (W.I
Thomas)
-refers to the sociological
perspective that views the
meaning people attribute to
a social setting. This process is
called “negotiated
interaction”
2. Dramaturgical Approach (Erving
Goffman)
-views social interaction as a
resembling a theatrical performance
in which people “stage” their
behavior in such a way as to elicit
the responses they desire from other
people.
3. Ethno Methodology
(Harold Garfinkel)
-studies the procedures
people use to make sense
of their everyday lives &
experiences
4. Social Exchange (Blau &
Homans)
-portrays interaction as a
more or less straightforward
& rationally calculated
series of mutually beneficial
transactions.
b.Functionalist view
-human interactions involves
little more than people acting
out roles (parent, child, worker)
based on social script, much as
theatrical actors take their lines
from a play.
PATTERNS OF INTERACTIONS
EXCHANGE
• It is the process by which one transfer social goods,
services, and items to another. The exchange takes
place when both parties feel they will benefit from
frequent and voluntary interaction.
e.g. two rivals for the same girl; teams playing off for
the championship; 2 nations competing for power ;
stores competing for customers.
CONFLICT
• It is a struggle over the values or claims to status,
power, and scarce resources in which the claims of
the conflicting parties are not only to gain the
desired values but also to neutralize, injure or
eliminate their rivals (Coser, 1968).
5. CONCILIATION
– is an accommodative processes where
the third or neutral party can be anybody
to settle disputes and who may or may not
give recommendations to settle the
conflict.
6. ARBITRATION
– it is an accommodative social process
where the neutral third party has legal
authority to decide on the conflict. The
decision is followed by opposing parties.
(e.g. judge or labor arbiter)
7. TOLERATION
– is a form of accommodation without
formal agreement. It is a result of the “live
and let live ”policy where conflicting
individuals or groups put up with others
without trying to modify the behavior of the
others.
Reciprocity or Utang
na loob
It is a principle where
every service received,
solicited or not, demands
a return. Utang na loob
(internal debt of
gratitude) a kind of
reprocity observed
among Filipinos.
Acculturation
– it is a social process where
group blends in and takes on
some characteristics of
another culture. Also called
cultural borrowing/ imitation.
(e.g. Christianization of
Filipinos)
Assimilation