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Length frontback closeopen lips

i: Long Front Close Spread lips


ı Short (retracted) Half-close Slightly spread
front lips
e Short Front Between half- Slightly spread
close lips
and half-open
æ Short Front Above fully open
ʌ Short Central Between half-
open
and open
a: Long Back Open
o Short Back Between open Slightly rounded
and half-open
つ: Long Back Between half- Rounded
close
and half-open
ʊ Short back→center Slightly higher Rounded
half-close
u: Long Back Close Closely rounded
ɜ: Long Central Between half- Neutral
close
and half-open
ə Short Central Central neutral

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