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Constitution 1
Constitution 1
Legislative Department
Legislative Power
(3) Qualifications
A representative must be:
(a) a natural-born citizen of the Philippines;
(b) at least 25 years of age on the day of the election
(c) able to read and write;
(d) except for a party-list representative, a registered
voter in the district in which he shall be elected; and
(e) a resident thereof for a period of not less than one
(1) year preceding the day of the election (Sec. 6)
(4) Maximum terms
The provisions are the same as those for
Senators except that the limit is for not more than
three (3) consecutive terms (Sec. 7, par. 2)
Term of Office and Tenure of Office
a. Sectoral Parties
These refer to organized groups of citizens whose
principal advocacy concerns and special interests are
in these sectors, namely: labor, peasant, urban
poor, indigenous communities, veterans, and elderly.
b. Sectoral Organizations
These organizations are groups of qualified voters
bound together by similar physical attributes or
characteristics or by employment, interests, or
concerns.
c. Political Parties
These are organized groups of qualified
voters pursuing the same ideology, political
ideas, and principles for general conduct of the
government.
d. Coalitions
Coalitions refer to aggregations of duly
registered national, regional, sectoral parties, or
organizations for political and/or electoral
purposes.
Qualifications of a Party List Nominee
1. A natural-born citizen of the Philippines;
2. A registered voter;
3. A resident of the Philippines for a period of not less
than one (1) year immediately preceding the election
day;
4. Able to read and write;
5. A bona fide member of the party he seeks to
represent for at least ninety (90) days preceding the
election day;
6. A nominee shall come from a disadvantage group of
citizens which are organized and duly registered to
the COMELEC; and
7. At least twenty-five (25) years of age on the Election
Day.
In case of the youth sector, a nominee must be
at least 25, but not 30 years of age on the date
of election.
Rider
-is prohibited under the Constitution. A rider is a
loose provision or enactment being inserted in the
general appropriations bill, which does not form
integral part of certain appropriation contained
therein.
Passage of a Bill
A bill is essentially a proposed law by the legislative
department. Each house may propose a bill, when
the House of Representatives proposes one, it shall
be called a House Bill, and when the Senate initiates
a proposal, it shall be called a Senate Bill.
The Hodge-podged legislation refers to any
proposed measure consisting of general or more
unrelated subjects, but are integrated in the
proposal in order to guarantee support from
members of the Congress. The avoidance of
logrolling legislation is to ensure enough
consideration and support from the members in
regard to the passage of a bill into law.
The passage of a bill into law follows strictly the
procedures:
1.First Reading
2.Second Reading
3.Floor Debates
4.Printing and Distributions
5.Third Reading
6.Transmitted to the Other House
7.Submission to Joint Bicameral Committee
8.Approval of Consolidated Bill by Both Houses
9.Submission to the President
10.Veto Power of the President
10. Veto Power of the President
Particularly:
a.Every bill must be presented and approved by the
President;
b.In case, the President disapproves a bill, he exercises
veto power and returns it, with his objection, to the
House where it originated;
c.In case the House, after such
deliberation, considered the bill as proposed, a 2/3
vote may carry its power to override the veto.
Component Parts of a Law
1.Title – refers to the subject matter of the law, or
the Act carried by the legislative
department, and the executive as well.
2.Preamble – introduces the objectives for the
enactment of the Act and explains the general
reasons for such legislation.
3.Enacting Clause – refers to the collective and
distinct will of both Houses to enact an act or a
bill. Enacting clause specifically states the reason
for the legislation Act.
4.Body – pertains to the total substance or content
of the proposed bill.
5. Effectively Clause – indicates the time at which
the law shall take effect. Usually, a law will be
enforced next following the next 15-day
publication requirement in a newspaper of
general circulation in the Philippines or in the
Official Gazette, not unless a date is fixed as to its
effectivity.
Taxation is a means of raising funds for the
operation of the government, especially its public
services. The distribution of the tax burden should be
equitable or fair. This means a person has to pay
taxes based on his ability to pay. Taxes should serve
as tools in facilitating economic stability and growth.
Basis of Taxation
Under the Constitution, the rule of taxation (See
Sec. 28) shall include the following:
1.The rule shall be uniform and equitable;
2.The taxation should be based on progressive
income system;
3.The Congress may authorize the President to fix
tariff rates, import and export quotas, tonnage
and wharfage dues, and other duties and
imports, subject to the limitation of the Congress;
and
4. Charitable institutions, churches and
parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto,
mosques, non-profit cemeteries and all lands,
buildings, and improvements actually, directly,
and exclusively used for religious, charitable, or
educational purposes shall be exempt from
taxation.
Who are exempted from paying taxes?