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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 1


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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 2
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 3
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 4
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‚ã‡ãŠÀã ¼ããÌã ‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠ ý ÔããâØãñ¶ã ¦ãì•ã ýý91ýý
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ÔãÆãä•ãËñ („¦¹ã¶¶ã ‡ãñŠËñâ) ý Ëãñ‡ãŠãâ¹ããÔãîãä¶ã ãä¶ã¹ã•ãËñ ý ¹ãÆ•ãã•ãã¦ã ýý2ýý †ñÔãñãä¶ã Öñâ ãäÌãÎÌã ¾ãñ©ãñâ ý ½ããèãäÞã
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 5
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 6


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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 7
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¨ãÉÓããèÎÌãÀãèâ ý ÔããâãäØã¦ãËñâ ¦ãâî¦ãñâ ýý53ýý ¹ããäÀ ¦ã¾ãã ÔããâãäØã¦ããä˾ããÞãñâ ÔããÞã¹ã¥ã ý Öñâ ‚ãã¦ããâ ½ãã¢ãñâ
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ý ¦ã¾ããâ ‚ããÜãÌã¾ããâÞãñâãäÞã ãä¹ãŠ›Ëñâ ý ‚ã¶ããñߌã¹ã¥ã ýý63ýý •ããè —ãã¶ããÞãñâ ºããè•ã ¦ã¾ããâÞãñ ºããñË ý ½ãã•ããèâ
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 8


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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 9


Ìã‡ã¦ãì½ãÖÃÔ¾ãÎãñÓãñ¥ã ãäªÌ¾ãã Ö¿ã㦽ããäÌã¼ãî¦ã¾ã: ý ¾ãããä¼ããäÌãüãîãä¦ããä¼ãËãñÇãŠããä¶ã½ããâÔ¦Ìãâ ̾ãã¹¾ã
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•ãÌããäÊã‡ãŠ (ÔãÖÌããÔã, Ôããã䶶㣾ã) •ããñ¡ñ ý ¹ããŸãèâ ØããñŸãè ÔããâØãÔããè ÔãìÀÌãã¡ñâ ý ‚ãã¶ãâªãÞãñãä¶ã ýý200ýý
‚ãã¦ããâ Öñâ ÔãìŒã ‡ãŠããä¾ãÔã¾ããÔãããäÀŒãñâ ý ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ãä¶ãÌãÃÞãñ¶ãã ½ã•ã ¹ããäÀ¦ããñŒãñâ ý ¦ããäÀ ¾ãñ¦ãìËñâ •ãã¥ãñâ •ãñ

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 10


¾ãñ¥ãñâ ½ãìŒãñâ ý ¹ãì¶ãÀì§ãŠÖãè Öãñ ýý1ýý Öãâ Øãã Ôãì¾ãà ‡ãŠã¾ã ãäÎãßã?ý ‚ããäض㠽֥ããñâ ¾ãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ
ÌããâãäÌãßã?ý ‡ãŠãâ ãä¶ã¦¾ã ÌããÖã¦ã¾ãã ØãâØãã•ãßã ý ¹ããÀÔãñ¹ã¥ã ‚ãÔãñ?ýý2ýý ¦ãìÌããâ ÔÌã½ãìŒãñâ •ãñâ ºããñãäËËñâ
ý Öñâ ‚ãã½Öãèâ ¶ããªããäÔã (¶ã㪺ãƽÖãÞãñâ) Àî¹ã ªñãäŒãËñâ ý ‚ãããä•ã Þã⪶ã¦ãÀîÞããèâ ¹ãìŠËñâ ý ¦ãìÀâºããè¦ã ‚ããÖãñâ ½ãã
ýý3ýý ¦ã¾ãã ¹ãã©ããÃãäÞã¾ãã ºããñËã ý ÔãÌãâãÃØãñâ Ñããè‡ãðŠÓ¥ã ¡ãñËËã ý ½Ö¥ãñ ¼ããä§ãŠ—ãã¶ãããäÔã •ããÖËã ý
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ÔããâÌãÀîãä¶ã ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ‡ãŠã¾ã ºããñËñ ýý5ýý
Ö¶¦ã ¦ãñ ‡ãŠ©ããä¾ãÓ¾ãããä½ã ãäªÌ¾ãã Ö¿ã㦽ããäÌã¼ãî¦ã¾ã: ý ¹ãÆã£ã㶾ã¦ã: ‡ãìŠÀìÑãñÓŸ ¶ããÔ¦¾ã¶¦ããñ ãäÌãÔ¦ãÀÔ¾ã
½ãñ ýý19ýý
½ããè ãä¹ã¦ãã½ãÖãÞãã (ºãƽ֪ñÌããÞãã) ãä¹ã¦ãã ý Öñâ ‚ããŸãäÌã¦ããâÖãè ¶ããŸÌãñ ãäÞã§ãã ý ‡ãŠãèâ ½Ö¥ã¦ãÔãñ ºãã ¹ãâ¡ìÔãì¦ãã ý
¼ãËñâ ‡ãñŠËñâ ýý6ýý ‚ã•ãìöãã¦ãñâ ºãã ½Ö¥ãñ †©ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ý ‚ãã½Öãâ ãäÌãÔ½ããñ ‡ãŠÀãÌã¾ãã ‡ãŠãÀ¥ã ¶ããÖãèâ ý
‚ããâØãñâ ¦ããñ Ëñâ‡ãŠÀâî ‡ãŠãƒÃâ ý ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã ¶ãâªãÞãñâ?ýý7ýý ¹ããäÀ ¹ãÆÔ¦ãì¦ã †ñÔãñâ ‚ãÔããñ ý Öñâ ‡ãŠÀÌããè ‚ããÌã¡ãèÞãã
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¦ã¾ããâÞãñâ ‚ã¹ããÀ¹ã¥ã Ôãì¼ãªÆã¹ã¦ããè ý •¾ãã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãããäÞã ¹ããäÀ ½ãããä¢ã¾ãñ ½ã¦ããè ý ‚ãã‡ãŠß¦ããè ¶ãã ýý9ýý
‚ããâØããèâãäÞã¾ãã Àãñ½ãã ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè ý •ã¾ãããäÞã¾ãã ¦ã¾ãããäÔã ¶ã Øã¥ãÌã¦ããè ý ¦ãõãäÔã¾ãã ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè ý
‚ãÔã⌾㠽ã•ã ýý210ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ¦ãÀãè ½ããè ‡ãõŠÔãã ‡ãñŠÌã¤ã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãã¹ã¥ã¹ã¾ããâÖãè ¶ãÌÖñãäÞã ¹ã슡ã
(¹ãƇ㊛, Ô¹ãÓ›) ý ¾ããËãØããèâ ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ãã ãä•ã¾ãã Àî¤ã (¹ãÆãäÔ㣪) ý ãä¦ã¾ãã ‚ãデãñ⊠ýý11ýý ãä•ã¾ãã
•ãã¥ã¦ããä˾ããÔããŸãèâ ý ‚ããÜãÌããè¾ãã •ãã¥ãÌã¦ããèË ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè ý •ãõÔãñ ºããè•ã ‚ãããä˾ãã ½ãìŸãèâ ý ¦ãÀîãäÞã
‚ããËã Öãñ¾ã ýý12ýý ‡ãŠãâ „ª¿ãã¶ã Öã¦ãã Þãã䤶¶ãËñâ ý ¦ãÀãè ‚ãã¹ãõÔããèâ Ôããâ¹ã¡Ëãèâ ¹ãŠßñâ ¹ãìŠËñâ ý ¦ãñÌããèâ
ªñãäŒããä˾ãã ãä•ã¾ãã ªñŒãÌãËñâ ý ãäÌãÎÌã Ôã‡ãŠß ýý13ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ÔããÞããäÞã Øãã £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ý ¶ããÖãèâ ÎãñÌã›ì
½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀã ý ¹ãõâ ØãØã¶ãã †ñãäÎã¾ãã ‚ã¹ããÀã ý ½ã•ã½ãã•ããèâ ˹ã¥ãñâ ýý14ýý
‚ãÖ½ã㦽ãã Øãì¡ã‡ãñŠÎã ÔãÌãüãî¦ããÎã¾ããäÔ©ã¦ã: ý ‚ãÖ½ãããäªÎÞ㠽㣾ãâ Þã ¼ãî¦ãã¶ãã½ã¶¦ã †Ìã Þã ýý20ýý
‚ãデãñ⊠‡ãìŠãä›Ëãˇ㊽ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠã (‡ãŠãßñ ‡ãìŠÀßñ ‡ãñŠÎã ½ãÔ¦ã‡ãŠãè £ããÀ¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ããžãã) ý £ã¶ãìÌãñ꨾ãâºã‡ãŠã ý ½ããè
‚ã㦽ãã ‚ãÔãñâ †‡ãõŠ‡ãŠã ý ¼ãî¦ã½ãã¨ããÞ¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ýý15ýý ‚ããâ¦ãìËãè‡ãŠ¡ñ ½ããèãäÞã ¾ããâÞãñ ‚ãâ¦ã:‡ãŠÀ¥ããèâ ý
¼ãî¦ããâºããÖñÀãè ½ãã¢ããèÞã ØãâÌãÔã¥ããè ý ‚ãããäª ½ããè ãä¶ãÌããÃ¥ããèâ ý ½ã£¾ãÖãè ½ããèãäÞã ýý16ýý •ãõÔãñâ ½ãñÜãã ¾ãã
¦ãßãèâ ÌãÀãè ý †‡ãŠ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããäÞã ‚ããâ¦ã ºããÖñÀãè ý ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããèâãäÞã •ããËñ ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ‚ãÔã¥ãñâÖãè
‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããèâ ýý17ýý ¹ããŸãèâ (¹ãì¶ã:,½ãØã) ˾ãã •ãñ Ìãñßãèâ •ãã¦ããè ý ¦ãñ Ìãñßãèâ ‚ãã‡ãŠãÎããäÞã Öãñ…ãä¶ã Ÿã¦ããè ý
¦ãñÌããèâ ‚ãããäª ãäÔ©ã¦ããè Øã¦ããè ý ¼ãî¦ããâãäÔã ½ããè ýý18ýý †ñÔãñâ ºãÖìÌãÔã ‚ãããä¥ã ̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠ¹ã¥ã ý ½ãã¢ãñâ
ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè¾ããñØãñâ •ãã¥ã ý ¦ãÀãè •ããèÌããäÞã ‡ãŠÀîãä¶ã ÑãÌã¥ã ý ‚ãデãŠãñãä¶ã ‚ããƒÃ‡ãŠ ýý19ýý ¾ãã ÌãÀãè ¦¾ãã

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 11


ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè ý ÔããâØã¥ãñâ ŸñËñâ Ôãì¼ãªÆã¹ã¦ããè ý ÔããâØãñ¶ã ½Öãä¥ã¦ãËñâ ¦ãì•ã¹ãƦããè ý ¦¾ãã ¹ãÆ£ãã¶ãã ‚ãデãñâŠ
ýý220ýý
‚ããã䪦¾ãã¶ãã½ãÖâ ãäÌãÓ¥ã앾ããñÃãä¦ãÓããâ ÀãäÌãÀâÎãì½ãã¶ãá ý ½ãÀãèãäÞã½ãÃÀì¦ãã½ããäԽ㠶ãàã¨ãã¥ãã½ãÖâ ÎãÎããè
ýý21ýý
Öñâ ºããñËãñãä¶ã ¦ããñ ‡ãðŠ¹ããÌãâ¦ãì ý ½Ö¥ãñ ãäÌãÓ¥ãì ½ããè ‚ããã䪦¾ããâ‚ããâ¦ãì (ªñÌããâ¦ã, ºããÀã ‚ããã䪦¾ããâ¦ã-Ôãî¾ãâãæã) ý ÀÌããè
½ããè ÀãäνãÌãâ¦ãì ý Ôãì¹ãƼããâ½ãã•ããèâ ýý21ýý ½ãÀìªáØã¥ããâÞ¾ãã ÌãØããèÃâ ý ½ãÀãèãäÞã ½Ö¥ãñ ½ããè ÎããØÝãèà ý ÞãâªÆì
½ããè ØãØã¶ãÀâØããèâ ý ¦ããÀãâ½ãã•ããèâ ýý22ýý
Ìãñªã¶ããâ Ôãã½ãÌãñªãñçãäԽ㠪ñÌãã¶ãã½ããäÔ½ã ÌããÔãÌã: ý ƒâãäªÆ¾ãã¥ããâ ½ã¶ãÎÞãããäԽ㠼ãî¦ãã¶ãã½ããäÔ½ã Þãñ¦ã¶ãã
ýý22ýý
Ìãñªãâ‚ããâ¦ã Ôãã½ãÌãñªì ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ØããñãäÌãâªì ý ªñÌããâ½ãã•ããèâ ½ãÀìªáºãâ£ãì ý ½ãÖñâªÆì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý23ýý
ƒâãäªÆ¾ããâ½ãã•ããèâ ‚ã‡ãŠÀãÌãñâ ý ½ã¶ã ¦ãñâ ½ããè Öñâ •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ý ¼ãî¦ããâ½ãã•ããèâ ÔÌã¼ããÌãñâ ý Þãñ¦ã¶ãã (•ããèÌã‡ãŠËã,
Þãõ¦ã¶¾ã) ¦ãñ ½ããè ýý24ýý

ÀìªÆã¥ããâ Îãâ‡ãŠÀÎÞãããäÔ½ã ãäÌã§ãñÎããñ ¾ãàãÀàãÔãã½ãá ý ÌãÔãî¶ããâ ¹ããÌã‡ãŠÎÞãããäԽ㠽ãñÀì: ãäÎãŒããäÀ¥ãã½ãÖ½ãá


ýý23ýý
‚ãÎãñÓããâÖãè ÀìªÆãâ½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ý Îãâ‡ãŠÀ •ããñ ½ãª¶ããÀãè ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ¾ãñ©ã ¶ã £ãÀãèâ ý ¼ãÆãâãä¦ã ‡ãŠãâÖãèâ ýý25ýý
¾ãàããÀàããñØã¥ããâ‚ããâ¦ãì ý Îãâ¼ãîÞãã ÔãŒãã •ããñ £ã¶ãÌãâ¦ãì ý ¦ããñ ‡ã슺ãñÀì ½ããè Öñâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ½Ö¥ã¦ãã •ããÖËã
ýý26ýý ½ãØã ‚ããŸãâÖãè ÌãÔãâî½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ý ¹ããÌã‡ãìŠ ¦ããñ ½ããè ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ãäÎãŒãÀããä©ããä˾ããâ (ãäÎãŒãÀñâ ‚ããÖñ¦ã
‚ãÎãã ¹ãÌãæããâ¦ã) ÔãÌããñùãÀãè ý ½ãñÀì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý27ýý

¹ãìÀãñ£ãÔããâ Þã ½ã쌾ãâ ½ããâ ãäÌãã䣪 ¹ãã©ãà ºãðÖÔ¹ããä¦ã½ãá ý Ôãñ¶ãã¶ããè¶ãã½ãÖâ ԇ㊶ª: ÔãÀÔãã½ããäÔ½ã ÔããØãÀ:
ýý24ýý ½ãÖÓããèÃ¥ããâ ¼ãðØãìÀÖâ ãäØãÀã½ãÔ½¾ãñ‡ãŠ½ãàãÀ½ãá ý ¾ã—ãã¶ããâ •ã¹ã¾ã—ããñçãäÔ½ã Ô©ããÌãÀã¥ããâ
ãäÖ½ãã˾ã: ýý25ýý
•ããñ ÔÌãØãÃãäÔãâÖãÔã¶ãã ÔããÌããÌããñ (ÔãÖã¾¾ã, ÔãÞããèÌã) ý ÔãÌã×ã¦ãñ ‚ãããäªÞãã ŸãÌããñ ý ¦ããñ ¹ãìÀãñãäÖ¦ããâ½ãã•ããèâ
ÀãÌããñ ý ºãðÖÔ¹ã¦ããè ½ããè ýý28ýý ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâãäÞã¾ãã Ôãñ¶ãã¹ã¦ããèâ- ý ‚ããâ¦ã Ô‡ãâŠªì ¦ããñ ½ããè ½ãÖã½ã¦ããè ý •ããñ
ÖÀÌããè¾ãñÃâ ‚ããäضãÔãâØã¦ããèâ ý ‡ãðŠãä§ã‡ãŠã‚ããâ¦ãì •ããÖËã ýý29ýý Ôã‡ãŠãä߇ãŠãâ ÔãÀãñÌãÀãâÔããè ý ½ãã•ããèâ
Ôã½ãìªÆ ¦ããñ ½ããè •ãßÀãÎããè ý ½ãÖÓããèÃâ‚ããâ¦ãì ¦ã¹ããñÀãÎããè ý ¼ãðØãì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý230ýý ‚ãÎãñÓããâÖãè ÌããÞãã- ý
½ãã•ããè⠶㛶ããÞã Ô㦾ããÞãã ý ¦ãñâ ‚ãàãÀ †‡ãŠ ½ããè Ìãõ‡ãì⊟ãèâÞãã ý ÌãñÊÖãßì ½Ö¥ãñ ýý31ýý Ôã½ãÔã¦ããâÖãè
¾ã—ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãõ‡ãŠãèâ ý •ã¹ã¾ã—ãì ¦ããñ ½ããè ¾ãñ Ëãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý •ããñ ‡ãŠ½ãæ¾ããØãñâ ¹ãÆ¥ãÌããã䪇ãŠãèâ (æ‡ãŠãÀãã䪇ãŠãâ¶ããèâ) ý

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 12


ãä¶ã¹ãŠ•ããäÌã•ãñ ýý32ýý ¶ãã½ã•ã¹ã¾ã—ãì ¦ããñ ¹ãÀ½ã ý ºããâ£ãâî ¶ã Îã‡ãñŠ Ô¶ãã¶ãããäª ‡ãŠ½ãà ý ¶ãã½ãñâ ¹ããÌã¶ã
£ã½ãããã½ãà ý ¶ãã½ã ¹ãÀºãÆ½Ö Ìãñªã©ãñÃâ ýý33ýý Ô©ããÌãÀãâ ãäØãÀãè‚ããâ¦ãì ý ¹ã쥾ã¹ãìâ•ã •ããñ ãäÖ½ãÌãâ¦ãì ý ¦ããñ ½ããè
½Ö¥ãñ ‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ý Ëãäà½ã¾ãñÞãã ýý34ýý
‚ãÎÌ㦩ã: ÔãÌãÃÌãðàãã¥ããâ ªñÌãÓããèÃ¥ããâ Þã ¶ããÀª: ý Ø㶣ãÌããÃ¥ããâ ãäÞã¨ãÀ©ã: ãäÔ㣪ã¶ããâ ‡ãŠãä¹ãËãñ ½ãìãä¶ã:
ýý26ýý „Þãõ:ÑãÌãÔã½ãÎÌãã¶ããâ ãäÌãã䣪 ½ãã½ã½ãð¦ããñªá¼ãÌã½ãá ý †ñÀãÌã¦ãâ Øã•ãñ¶ªÆã¥ããâ ¶ãÀã¥ããâ Þã
¶ãÀããä£ã¹ã½ãá ýý27ýý
‡ãŠÊ¹ãªÆì½ã ֶ㠹ãããäÀ•ãã¦ãì (ÔãìÀ¦ãÀâîÞ¾ãã ¹ããâÞã •ãããä¦ã ‚ããÖñ¦ã- ¦¾ãã ½ãâªãÀ,¹ãããäÀ•ãã¦ã,Ôãâ¦ãã¶ã, ‡ãŠÊ¹ãÌãðàãÌã ÖãäÀÞã⪶ã) ý
Øãì¥ãñâ Þã⪶ãìÖãè Ìãã¡ ãäÌ㌾ãã¦ãì ý ¦ããäÀ ¾ã¾ããâ Ìãðàã•ãã¦ããâ‚ããâ¦ãì ý ‚ãÎÌ㦩ãì (ãä¹ãâ¹ãß) ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý35ýý
ªñÌã¨ãÉÓããèâ ‚ããâ¦ãì ¹ããâ¡Ìãã ý ¶ããÀªì ¦ããñ ½ããè •ãã¥ããÌãã ý ãäÞã¨ãÀ©ãì ½ããè Øãâ£ãÌããà ý Ôã‡ãŠãä߇ãŠãâ½ãã•ããèâ
ýý36ýý ¾ã¾ãã ‚ãÎãñÓããâÖãè ãäÔ㣪ãâ- ý ½ãã•ããèâ ‡ãŠãä¹ãËãÞãã¾ãÃì ½ããè ¹ãƺã죪ã ý ¦ãìÀâØã•ãã¦ããâ (ÔãÌãà Üããñ¡¿ããâ¦ã)
¹ãÆãäÔ㣪ãâ- ý ‚ããâ¦ã „ÞÞãõ:ÑãÌãã ½ããè ýý37ýý Àã•ã¼ãîÓã¥ã Øã•ããâ‚ããâ¦ãì ý ‚ã•ãìöãã ½ããè Øãã †ñÀãÌã¦ãì ý
¹ã¾ããñÀãÎããè (Ôã½ãìªÆ) ÔãìÀ½ããä©ã¦ãì ý ‚ã½ãð¦ããâÎãì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý38ýý ¾ã¾ããâ ¶ãÀãâ½ãã•ããèâ Àã•ãã ý ¦ããñ
ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããèãäÌãÎãñÓã ½ãã¢ãã ý •ã¾ãã¦ãñâ Ôã‡ãŠß Ëãñ‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ•ãã ý Öãñ…ãä¶ã ÔãñãäÌã¦ããè ýý39ýý
‚ãã¾ãì£ãã¶ãã½ãÖâ Ìã•ãÆ £ãñ¶ãî¶ãã½ããäԽ㠇ãŠã½ã£ãì‡ãአý ¹ãÆ•ã¶ãÎÞãããäԽ㠇ã⊪¹ãÃ: Ôã¹ããÃ¥ãã½ããäÔ½ã ÌããÔãìãä‡ãŠ:
ýý28ýý ‚ã¶ã¶¦ãÎÞãããäԽ㠶ããØãã¶ããâ ÌãÀì¥ããñ ¾ããªÔãã½ãÖ½ãá ý ãä¹ã¦ãð¥ãã½ã¾ãýãã ÞãããäԽ㠾ã½ã:
Ôãâ¾ã¦ãã½ãÖ½ãá ýý29ýý
¹ãõâ ‚ããÜãÌãñ¾ããâ Öããä¦ã¾ãñÀãâ- ý ‚ããâ¦ã Ìã•ãÆ ¦ãñâ ½ããè £ã¶ãì£ãÃÀã ý •ãñâ Îã¦ã½ãŒããñ§ããè¥ãÇãŠÀã ý ‚ããÀî¤ãñãä¶ã
‚ãÔãñ ýý240ýý £ãñ¶ãâî½ã£¾ãñâ ‡ãŠã½ã£ãñ¶ãì ý ¦ãñâ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ãäÌãÓÌã‡ãáŠÔãñ¶ãì ý •ã¶½ããäÌã¦ã¾ããâ‚ããâ¦ã ½ãª¶ãì ý
¦ããñ ½ããè •ãã¥ãñâ ýý41ýý Ôã¹ãÇãìŠßã‚ããâ¦ã ‚ããä£ãÓŸã¦ãã ý ÌããÔãì‡ãŠãè Øãã ½ããè ‡ãì⊦ããèÔãì¦ãã ý ¶ããØããâ½ãã•ããèâ
Ôã½ãÔ¦ããâ ý ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý42ýý ‚ãØãã ¾ããªÔããâ‚ããâ¦ãì ý •ããñ ¹ããäÎÞã½ã ¹ãƽãªñÞãã ‡ãŠãâ¦ãì ý ¦ããñ ÌãÀì¥ã
½ããè Öñâ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ÔããâØã¦ã ‚ãÔãñ ýý43ýý ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¹ã¦ãðØã¥ããâ Ôã½ãÔ¦ããâ- ý ½ãã•ããèâ ‚ã¾ãýãã •ããñ
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 13


‚ãØãã ªõ¦¾ããâãäÞã¾ãã ‡ãìŠßãèâ ý ¹ãÆÊÖãªì ¦ããñ ½ããè ¶¾ããÖãßãèâ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ªõ¦¾ã¼ããÌããã䪽ãñßãèâ ãäËâ¹ãñãäÞã ¶ãã
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Îã‡ãñŠ ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý49ýý
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ÔãØãßñ¶ã •ã¶½ãÔãÖÔãÆñâ ‚ãÌãËãñ‡ãŠãèâ ý ‚㣾ããà ¶ãÌÖ¦ããè ýý58ýý
ÔãØããÃ¥ãã½ãããäªÀ¶¦ãÎÞ㠽㣾ãâ ÞãõÌããÖ½ã•ãìöã ý ‚㣾ã㦽ããäÌ㪿ãã ãäÌ㪿ãã¶ããâ Ìããª: ¹ãÆÌ㪦ãã½ãÖ½ãá
ýý32ýý ‚ãàãÀã¥ãã½ã‡ãŠãÀãñçãäÔ½ã ̪¶Ìª: Ôãã½ãããäÔã‡ãŠÔ¾ã Þã ý ‚ãÖ½ãñÌããàã¾ã: ‡ãŠãËãñ £ãã¦ããçÖâ
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•ãõÔããèâ ‚ãÌãÜããèâãäÞã ¶ãàã¨ãñâ ÌãñÞããÌããèâ ý †ñÔããè Þãã¡ „¹ã•ãñË •ãõâ •ããèÌããèâ ý ¦ãõâ ØãØã¶ããÞããè ºããâ£ããÌããè ý Ëãñ©ã
•ãñÌããèâ ýý59ýý ‡ãŠãâ ¹ãð©Ìããè¾ãñ ¹ãÀ½ãã¥ãîâÞãã „Øãã¥ãã (ãäÖÎããñºã, Øã¥ã¶ãã) ܾããÌãã ý ¦ããäÀ ¼ãîØããñËìãäÞã ‡ãŠãŒãñ
ÔãìÌããÌãã ý ¦ãõÔãã ãäÌãÔ¦ããÀì ½ãã¢ãã ¹ãÖãÌãã ý ¦ããäÀ •ãã¥ããÌãñâ ½ãã¦ãñâ ýý260ýý •ãõÔãñâ ÎããŒããâÔããè ¹ãîŠË
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•ãããä¥ã•ãñ ½ãã¢ãñâ ýý62ýý †ÅÖÌããèâ ÌãñØãßããä˾ãã ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããèý ‡ãŠããä¾ã†‡ãŠ ¹ããäÀÔãÔããè ãä‡ãŠ¦ããè ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã
†ãä‡ãŠÖñßãâ ½ãÖã½ã¦ããè ý ÔãÌãà ½ããè •ãã¥ã ýý63ýý ½ããè ‚ããÜããäÌã¾ãñãäÞã ÔãðÓ›ãè ý ‚ããã䪽㣾ããâ¦ããèâ ãä‡ãŠÀãè›ãè
ý ‚ããñ¦ã¹ãÆãñ¦ã (ÔãÌãèã ÔããÀŒãã ‚ãÔãËñËã) ¹ã›ãèâ ý ¦ãâ¦ãì •ãñÌããèâ ýý64ýý †ñãäÔã¾ãã ̾ãã¹ã‡ãŠã ½ãã¦ãñâ •ãõâ •ãã¥ããÌãñâý
Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 14
¦ãõâ ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè¼ãñªñâ ‡ãŠã¾ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñâ ý ¹ããäÀ Öñ ¦ãì¢ããè ¾ããñؾã¦ãã ¶ãÌÖñ ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ‚ãÔããñ ýý65ýý ‚ãØãã
ºããñ˦ã¾ããâãäÞã¾ãã Ÿã¾ããèâ ý Ìããªì ¦ããñ ½ããè ¹ããÖãèâ ý Ôã‡ãŠËÎããÔ¨ãÔãâ½ã¦ãñâ (Ôã‡ãŠß ÎããÔ¨ããâÞããè †‡ãŠÌãã‡ã¾ã¦ãã Öãñ…¶ã)
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ºããñ˦ã¾ããâÞããèâ Øããñ¡ñâ ý ºããñË¥ããèâ Öãñ¦ããèâ ýý68ýý †ñÔãã ¹ãÆãä¦ã¹ã㪶ãã½ãã•ããèâ Ìããªì ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ØããñãäÌãâªì
ý ‚ãàãÀãâ½ãã•ããèâ ãäÌãÎãªì ý ‚ã‡ãŠãÀì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý69ýý ¹ãõâ Øãã Ôã½ããÔããâ½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ý ̪¶Ìª ¦ããñ ½ããè
‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ½ãÎã‡ãŠãËãØããñãä¶ã ºãƽÖãÌãñÀãèâ ý ØãÆããäÔã¦ãã ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý270ýý ½ãñÀì½ãâªÀãã䪇ãŠãèâ ÔãÌããèÃâ ý
Ôããä֦㠹ãð©Ìããè¦ãñâ ãäÌãÀÌããè (ãäÌãÀÜãßÌããè, ¶ããÎããè) ý •ããñ †‡ãŠã¥ãÃÌãã¦ãñâÖãè ãä•ãÀÌããè ý •ãñãä©ãâÞãã ¦ãñ©ã ýý71ýý •ããñ
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Ôãã½ããÌãËñâ ýý72ýý †ñÔãã ‚ã¹ããÀ •ããñ ‡ãŠãßì ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ Ëà½ããèËãèßì ý ½ãØã ¹ã줦ããè ÔãðÓ›ãèÞãã
½ãñßì ý Ôãðãä•ã¦ãã ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý73ýý
½ãð¦¾ãì: ÔãÌãÃÖÀÎÞããÖ½ãìªá¼ãÌãÎÞã ¼ããäÌãÓ¾ã¦ãã½ãá ý ‡ãŠãèãä¦ãÃ: ÑããèÌããÇãÞã ¶ããÀãè¥ããâ Ô½ãðãä¦ã½ãñããã £ãðãä¦ã:
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‚ãããä¥ã Ôãðãä•ããä˾ãã ¼ãî¦ããâ¦ãñ ½ããèãäÞã £ãÀãèâ ý Ôã‡ãŠßãâ •ããèÌã¶ãÖãè ½ããèãäÞã ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý ÎãñŒããèâ ÔãÌããæãñâ
ÔãâÖãÀãèâ ý ¦ãñÌÖãâ ½ãð¦¾ãìÖãè ½ããèãäÞã ýý74ýý ‚ãã¦ããâ Ô¨ããèØã¥ããâÞ¾ãã ¹ãõ‡ãŠãèâ ý ½ãããä¢ã¾ãã ãäÌã¼ãî¦ããè Ôãã¦ã
‚ãããä¥ã‡ãŠãè ý ãä¦ã¾ãã †ñ‡ãŠ ‡ãŠÌããä¦ã‡ãŠãèâ (‡ãŠãõ¦ãì‡ãŠã¶ãñâ) ý ÔããâãäØã•ã¦ããèË ýý75ýý ¦ãÀãè ãä¶ã¦¾ã ¶ãÌããè •ãñ ‡ãŠãèãä¦ãÃ
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Øãã ½ããè ÌããÞãã ý •ãñ ÔãìŒããÔã¶ããèâ ¶¾ãã¾ããÞãã ý ‚ããÀî¤ãñãä¶ã ãäÌãÌãñ‡ãŠãÞãã ý ½ããØããèÃâ ÞããËñ ýý77ýý
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‚ã¶ãì¾ãããä¾ã¶ããè ý ½ãñ£ãã (ºãìã䣪, £ããÀ¥ãã Îããä§ãŠ) ¦ãñ Øãã ½ããè ƒ¾ãñ •ã¶ããèâ ý £ãð¦ããè ½ããè ãä¨ã¼ãìÌã¶ããèâ ý àã½ãã ¦ãñ
½ããè ýý79ýý †Ìãâ ¶ããÀãè½ãã¢ããÀãèâ ý ¾ãã Ôãã¦ãÖãè Îããä§ãŠ ½ããè ‚ãÌã£ããÀãèâ ý †ñÔãñâ ÔãâÔããÀØã•ã‡ãñŠÔãÀãè ý
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ºãðÖ¦ãá Ôãã½ã ¦ã©ãã Ôã㽶ããâ Øãã¾ã¨ããè œ¶ªÔãã½ãÖ½ãá ý ½ããÔãã¶ããâ ½ããØãÃÎããèÓããñÃçÖ½ãð¦ãî¶ããâ ‡ãìŠÔãì½ãã‡ãŠÀ:
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ÌãñªÀãÎããèãäÞã¾ãã (ÔãÌãà Ìãñªãâ½ã£ããèË) Ôãã½ãã- ý ‚ããâ¦ã ºãðÖ¦Ôãã½ã •ãñ ãä¹ãƾããñ§ã½ãã ý ¦ãñâ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ À½ãã- ý
¹ãÆã¥ãñÎÌãÀì ýý81ýý Øãã¾ã¨ããèœâª •ãñ ½Öãä¥ã•ãñ ý ¦ãñâ Ôã‡ãŠßãâ œâªãâ½ãã•ããèâ ½ãã¢ãñâ ý ÔÌãÀî¹ã Öñâ •ãããä¥ã•ãñ ý
ãä¶ã¼ãÆãâ¦ã ¦ãìÌããâ ýý82ýý ½ããÔããâ‚ããâ¦ã ½ããØãÃÎããèÀì ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ÎããÀâØã£ãÀì ý ¨ãɦãâî½ãã•ããèâ
‡ãìŠÔãì½ãã‡ãŠÀì (¹ãìÓ¹ããâÞããè Œãã¥ã) ý ÌãÔãâ¦ãì ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý83ýý

Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 15


ª¿ãì¦ã⠜˾ã¦ãã½ããäԽ㠦ãñ•ãÔ¦ãñ•ããäÔÌã¶ãã½ãÖ½ãá ý •ã¾ããñçãäÔ½ã ̾ãÌãÔãã¾ããñçãäÔ½ã Ôã§Ìãâ
Ôã§ÌãÌã¦ãã½ãÖ½ãá ýý36ýý ÌãðÓ¥ããè¶ããâ ÌããÔãìªñÌããñçãäԽ㠹ã㥡Ìãã¶ããâ £ã¶ãâ•ã¾ã: ý ½ãì¶ããè¶ãã½ã¹¾ãÖâ ̾ããÔã:
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œãäߦã¾ããâ (¹ãŠÔãÌ㥾ããÞãã) ãäÌãâªã¥ãã- ý ½ãã•ããèâ •ãîâ ¦ãñâ ½ããè ãäÌãÞãàã¥ãã ý ½Ö¥ããõãä¶ã ÞããñÖ›ãâ ÞããñÀãè ¹ãÀãè
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ãäÌã•ã¾ããñ ½ããè ‡ãŠã¾ããñêáªñÎããâ ý Ôã‡ãŠßãâ½ãã•ããèâ ýý85ýý •ãñ¥ãñâ ÞããñŒããߦã ãäªÔãñ ¶¾ãã¾ã ý ¦ããñ
̾ãÌãÔãã¾ããâ¦ã ̾ãÌãÔãã¾ã („ª¿ããñØã, ̾ãã¹ããÀ) ý ½ãã¢ãñâ ÔÌãÀî¹ã Öñâ Àã¾ã ý ÔãìÀãâÞãã ½Ö¥ãñ ýý86ýý
Ôã§Ìãããä©ããä˾ããâ‚ããâ¦ãì ý Ôã§Ìã ½ããè ½Ö¥ãñ ‚ã¶ãâ¦ãì ý ¾ããªÌããâ½ãã•ããèâ Ñããè½ãâ¦ãì ý ¦ããñãäÞã ¦ããñ ½ããè ýý87ýý
•ããñ ªñÌã‡ãŠãè-ÌãÔãìªñÌããÔ¦ãÌã •ããÖËã ý ‡ã슽ããÀãèÔããŸãèâ Øããñ‡ãìŠßãèâ ØãñËã ý ¦ããñ ½ããè ¹ãÆã¥ããÔã‡ãŠ›
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ýý290ýý ¹ãÆ©ã½ãªÎãñãäÞã¾ãñ ¹ãÖãâ›ñ- ý ½ãã•ããèâ ‡ãŠâÔãã†ñÎããèâ ‚ãÞãã›ñâ ý ½ãÖã£ãñâ¡ãèâ ‚ãÌãÞã›ñâ ý ËãèßããäÞã
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 16
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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 17


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Ñããè—ãã¶ãñÎÌãÀãè ‚ã£¾ãã¾ã 10Ìãã ãäÌã¼ãîãä¦ã¾ããñØã 18

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