INTRODUCTION.

Any academic subject requires a methodology to reach its conclusion: it

must have ways of producing and analyzing data so that theories can be tested,
accepted or rejected. Without a systematic way of producing knowledge, the
findings of a subject can be dismissed as guesswork or even as common sense
made to sound complicated. Methodology is concerned with both the detailed
research methods through which data is collected and the more general
philosophies upon which the collection and analysis of data are based. Issues of
this type are referred to as epistemology. Alan Bryman notes that considering such
issues helps us to decide how to decide how to study social aspects of the world
and what extent scientific methods are useful for this.
While research methodology is followed in both natural sciences and social
sciences. Interestingly enough very few natural scientists show interest in the
subject of research methodology and they are not required to complete a course in
methodology before carrying out their Independent research, in contrast we find
social scientists are most of the time preoccupied with methodology. As a result
the social sciences in all institution of higher education offer a course in research
methodology. The reasons for this have been aptly pointed out by Barnes, the
intellectual task of the natural scientist is greatly simplified because his data are
comparatively speaking, hard and reliable and because the separation between him
and the natural phenomena he studies is clear cut. The social scientist however
deals with data that usually are unreliable and fuzzy and more importantly his
relation to the phenomena he studies is two sided. The people he studies not only
talk they also talk back to him. Consequently it is his kind of science rather than
that followed by the physicist or chemist that should be called hard if we wish to
indicate the difficulty of the task he faces. Certainly the small amount of success
achieved so far in social science as compared to natural science suggests that social
science is indeed a hard undertaking . Ethical problems constitute a major
component of its intrinsic difficulty. It is this later quality (ethical problem) to
which the present paper has been devoted to.