410 Ch.

7 Itinerant Electron Magnetism

a) Replacing (7.108) in 17-45), we get

(7.113)

b) We have to minimize the free energy .F = & ( T )- TS the same way

as we minimized the ground state energy in the solution of 7.2.a. Identifying
&(T)from the finite-T version of (7.19), we write F as

F ( T )=
a
Srn
--03
EP(E)~,(C)~C + U(n2 - m2)- gpgHm - bkBTl2 c
3 . Y
P(Pa0)

(7.1 14)
where fa is the Fermi distribution with the chemical potential put satisfying

p(~)f,(e)d~ = n +m * q(o). (7.115)

q(o)= fl for c =f, -1 and pa0 is the T = 0 value of pa.

The term -TS was obtained from the following consideration: it is a
basic assumption of the Stoner theory that the entropy arises solely from the
electron-hole excitations, i.e., it is the entropy of band electrons. Using that
the entropy is related to the specific heat via Cv = T(OS/OT),and the usual
expression of the low-temperature specific heat of the spin-T and spin-4 bands,
the above form is obtained.
.F depends on m both explicitely, and via pu. Taking the derivative of
both sides of (7.115) with respect m, using (Ofu/Opu)= - ( O j u / O e ) , and the
Sommerfeld expansion, we arrive at

Minimizing T with respect to m proceeds analogously to the derivation of

(7.111), only we have to observe that p,, depends on T

(7.117)

To order T2,
the extremum condition is found to be

In what follows, we exploit that the magnetic order is weak even at T = 0,

and expand to order m2. The formulas are simpler if we abandon the general