Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Glosari
Compliance … pagsunod sa batas o
kautusan
Pacify … patahimikin, supilin
Vassalage … pagkasakop
Sipi #2. Mga tuntunin tungkol sa polo na inilabas ni Haring Felipe
III ng Espanya noong 26 Mayo 1609
That the Indians in the repartimiento shall be lessened in number as
the voluntary workers shall be introduced whether the latter be Indians or those
of other nations.
That they shall not be taken from distant districts, and from climates
notably different from that of their own villages ...
! 61
!
That they shall be given in full wages that they earn for their work. And
that they shall be paid personally each day, or at the end of the week, as they may
choose.
That, granting the poor arrangement and plan of the caracoas, and
that when remanded to them many Indians generally perish, because of
sailing without a deck, and exposed to the inclemencies of storms, we order
that these crafts be improved and built in such a manner that the Indians may
manage the oars without risks of health and life.
I, THE KING
Glosari
Caracoa … isang uri ng sasakyang
pandagat na gumagamit ng
mga manggagaod
Deprive … tanggalan
Deck … lapag ng sasakyang
pandagat
Embarrass … pigilan
Hinder … pigilan
Inclemence … masungit o mabagsik na
panahon
Oar … sagwan
Perish … mamatay
Remand … utusan
Repartimiento … proseso ng pagpili ng mga
taong dapat manilbihan …
Sow magtanim
Wage … suweldo
! 62
!
Sipi #3. Mula sa ulat ni Obispo Domingo Salazar, 1583, hinggil sa
mga abuso sa pagpataw ng tributo at polo
“... a great number of Indians went to the mines of Ylocos where they remained
during the time when they ought to have sowed their grain.”
“ ... the Spaniards employ the Indians, such as setting them to row
in the galleys and fragatas dispatched by the governor and officials on
various commissions, which they are never lacking. At times they go so far
away that they are absent four or six months; and many of those who go die
there....”
“Others the Spaniards employ in cutting wood in the forests and conveying it to
this city, and other Indians in other labors, so that they do not permit them to rest
or to attend to their fields....”
“Sometimes the entire quantity of his rice is taken from a poor Indian, without
leaving him a grain to eat.”
“They compel the Indians to work at tasks in the service of the Majesty, paying
them but little, and that irregularly and late, and often none at all.”
“Some they compel to pay in gold, even when they do not have
it.... as there are vast differences in gold here, they always make
the natives give the finest. The weight at which they receive the
tribute is what he who collects it wishes, and he never selects the
lightest. Others make them pay cloth or thread. But the evil is not
here, but in the manner of collecting; for, if the chief does not
give them as much gold as they demand, or does not pay for as
many Indians as they say there are, they crucify the unfortunate
chief....”
“They collect tribute from children, old men and slaves, and many remain
unmarried because of the tribute, while others kill their children.”
Obispo Salazar, “Affairs in the Philippine Islands,” 1583,
sa Blair at Robertson 5: 212, 219, 221, 223, 224.
63
!
!
Glosari
Commission … gawain
Compel … pilitin
Convey … ipadala
Dispatch … ipadala
Vast … malaki
Glosari
Abandon … iwanan
Affliction … pagdurusa
!
Alcalde-mayor …
64
gobernador ng probinsya
!
Charge … multa
Damage … pinsala
Endure … tiisin
Flog … hagupitin ng latigo o
paluin bilang parusa
Forfeit … kamkam
Grievance … hinaing
Oblige … pilitin
Occasion … magbigay daan
Oppression … pang-aapi
Seize … samsamin
Stock … preso
Sipi #5. Mula sa sagot nina Gobernador Heneral Guido de
Lavezaris at mga opisyal at encomendero sa “Opinion” ni Padre
Martin de Rada, mga 1570s. Sa kanyang “Opinion” inilahad ni
Padre de Rada ang mga abuso ng mga encomendero at alcade-
mayor.
… we came to these districts by his Majesty’s order, and therefore we
are here, obeying his royal mandate….
In regard to the tribute that has been raised, and the
amount of tribute in gold that is collected from Los Ylocos and
Los Camarines, … it is a matter clearly to be understood, that, for
the support of those who live in this land, it is quite necessary
that the natives assist with tribute as they do in the other part of
the Indies. They are not considered friends, nor do they have any
security, without first having paid the tribute—which is, in
proportion to their condition and wealth, very little; and which they
are willing to give gladly and without compulsion. In each island,
district, and village, the natives give what they please, for in some
places they give provisions, and in others wax, cloth, and other
things which they obtain from their harvests. To them it is little,
and almost nothing, because they have those things abundantly. If
gold has been collected from the Ylocos and Camarines, it is
because the land is very rich in mines, and because they have
! 65
!
! 66
!
Glosari
Abundantly … masagana, marami
Accustom … masanay
Adornment … palamuti, dekorasyon
Assault … atakihin, salakayin
Castilian … Espanyol
Compel
Compulsion
… pilitin
… pagpilit
Dagger … patalim
Debauchery … paglalasing
Decamp … Umalis sa lugar
Earthenware … palayok na gawa sa ceramic,
clay, bato
Esteem … ginagalang
Excessive … labis
Guzzle
Idolatry
… lagukin
… tawag ng mga Kristiyano sa
paniniwala sa ibang diyos
Indies … tawag ng mga Kastila sa
Pilipinas (ang tawag sa
Mandate
Pilipino ay indio)
… kautusan
Merchant … mangangalakal
Obtain … makuha
Profit … tubo
In proportion to … sang-ayon
kalagayan
sa sukat o
Prosperity … kasaganaan
Provision … anumang produkto o gamit
Real … pera sa panahon ng Kastila
Security … katahimikan
Silken … gawa sa seda
Spirited … matigas ang ulo
Vicious … Marahas at matindi
!
Wherewith
Wretched
67
… sa ganitong paraan
… api
!
11. Talakayin ang hatol ng Grupo 3 at tingnan kung base ito sa mga
siniping dekreto ng hari.
! 68
!
MODYUL SA PAGKATUTO
Pangkalahatang Ideya
Tinalakay sa nakaraang modyul ang mga instrumentong kolonyal ng mga Kastila sa
Pilipinas. Ito ay ang Kristiyanisasyon, reducción, tributo at polo. Ano ang naging reaksyon ng mga
Pilipino sa mga patakarang ito? Makikita na daandaang pag-aalsa ang naganap sa iba-bang lugar
ng kolonya. Sa modyul na ito, tatlong pag-aalsa lamang ang susuriin: ang pag-aalsa ni
Tamblot sa Bohol (1621-1622), Maniago sa Pampanga (1660), at ang mga agraryong pag-aalsa
sa mga probinsya ng Luzon (1745).
… it ought to be borne in mind that, from the first years of this
conquest [1521] until the one in which we now are [1765], nearly all the
provinces have at various times rebelled and risen in arms; and not one of … [us]
doubts that for this kind of offense the
Indians ought to be punished by an increase of their tributes, that
this may serve them as a warning and example; for they [thus]
! 69
!
lost the right to be treated with the mildness which their first voluntary
submission deserved.
Kadalasan o dami ng
pag-aalsa
Impormasyong
nakuha at nahinuha
mula sa sipi
Konteksto . Kabuuang
kalagayan ng panahon, lugar at
Konteksto komunidad, kasama ang kultura
nito
Aktor
! 70
!
The majority of the ministers in the island of Bohol had
gone to Zebu, to celebrate the feasts of the beatification
of St. Xavier; in their absence …. [t]he diwata,* or demon,
appeared to some Indians in the woods … and
commanded them to quit the gospel … and the Spanish
vassalage, and take refuge in the hills; and to build him a
chapel, where he would aid them and give them whatever
they needed to pass their lives in happiness and
abundance, without the encumbrance of paying tribute to
the Spaniards or dues to the churches.
Two or three Indians … became priests of this diwata [one
of the priests was called Tamblot], in order to persuade
the people to apostasy and rebellion.… four villages
revolted; only Loboc (which is the chief village) and
Baclayon remained firm in the faith, and in loyalty to the
king.
! 71
!
… to take away the fear which they naturally fear toward the Spaniards,
these [native] priests told them that, if they would attack the Spaniards,
! 72
!
Glosari
Apostasy … pagtakwil sa paniniwala
Ascent … pag-akyat
Babaylan … paring babae o lalaki sa
relihiyon ng mga
sinaunang Pilipino
Beatification … pagdeklara sa Katolisismo
ng
santa
paggiging santo o
Bramble … mababa, mayabong at
matinik na halaman
Check the revolt … pigilin ang pag-aalsa
!
Conspiracy … sabwatan
Delight …
73
kasiyahan
!
Dislodge … tanggalin
Disperse … itaboy
Diwata … anito o ispiritu ng
sinaunang panahon
Dues … bayad
Encumbrance … pasanin, abala
Foe … kalaban
Fortify … palakasin
Hurl ibato
Insurgent rebelde
Lofty mataas
Musket uri ng baril
Pardon patawarin
Pierce tusukin
Quit the gospel iwanan ang
pananampalataya
Rebound bumalik
Refuge kanlungan
Resuscitate buhayin
Rugged mabato, magaspang
Sedition pag-aalsa
Shake off the mild iwanan ang banayad na
yoke of Christ iplwensiya ni Kristo
Stubborn matigas ang ulo
Summit tuktok
Thereupon sa lugar at oras na iyon mababa’t
Thicket mayabong na halaman
hindi naloloko
Undeceived matapang
Valiant tanod sa unahan ng hukbo
Vanguard
! 74
!
Pagsusuri ng sipi
! 75
!
Mula kay Padre Diaz, Conquest of the Philippine Islands
In the early days of October 1660, the loyal population of
Pampanga made their first rebellious movements - the people
being exasperated against the overseers of the wood-cutting who
had been ill-treating them. Setting fire to the huts in which they
lodged, they declared by the light of the fierce flames, their rash
intention; as leader of their revolt appointed an Indian chief
named Francisco Maniago, a native of the village of Mexico
[Pampanga], who was master-of-camp for his Majesty…. the revolt
was in one of the most warlike nations of these islands…. they
presented themselves, armed in the village of Lubao under the
command of the above-named Don Francisco Maniago…. Others
gathered in a strong force in the village of Bacolor, closing the
mouths of rivers with stakes, in order to hinder the commerce of
that province with Manila; and they wrote letters to the provinces
of Pangasinan and Ilocos, urging them to follow their example and
throw off the heavy yoke of the Spaniards and to kill all the latter
who might be in those provinces.
… the chief promoters of the rebellion, finding the courage
of their followers so weakened, began to search for paths for their
own safety. They despatched our father Fray Andres de Salazar
with a letter to [Governor-General] Don Sabiniano [Manrique de
Lara], in which they alleged, as an excuse for the disturbance, the arrears of pay
which were due them for their services, together with the loans of their
commodities which had been taken to Manila for the support of the paid
soldiers…. In view of this, the governor offered them 14,000 pesos, on account
of what was due them, which amounted to more than 200,000 pesos. For this
he
sent his secretary… to authorize two other commanders… to
! 76
!
establish peace and publish the general amnesty for the past…. When the
writ of amnesty was drawn up, and the words were repeated to them in
their own language…, in reading to them these words, “in the name of his
Majesty I grant pardon, for the sake of avoiding all bloodshed,” he altered the
sense of this sentence, telling them the very opposite…. and from this resulted
fresh disturbances.
Glosari
Alter … baguhin
Arrear … atraso sa bayad
Allege … magpahayag daw
Commerce … kalakalan
Exasperate … manggalilt
Fierce … malakas
Lodge … tirahan
Overseer … tagapamahala
Rash intention … hindi pinag-isipan
Stake … tulos
Writ of amnesty … utos ng pagpapatawad
Yoke … pananakop
! 77
!
By commission of this royal Audiencia, I went to a village outside the walls of this
capital, to take measures for the completion of a small bridge, which was being
hindered by some dispute…. I proceeded to make inquiries regarding the
lands and revenues belonging to the village; and I found that all the
surrounding estates (on which the people of the village were working) belonged
to a certain ecclesiastic, the Indians and mestizos paying him rent not only for
these, but for the land occupied by their cabins, at the rate of three pesos a year
for the married man, and one and one-half pesos for the widow or the unmarried
man….”
Glosari
Audiencia … Kataas-taasang hukuman
ng kolonya
Cabin … bahay
Dispute … away
Ecclesiastic … relihiyoso
Estate … lupain
Revenue … kita
Take measure … gumawa ng hakbang
! 78
!
With the pretext that the fathers of the Society [of Jesus]
had usurped from the cultivated lands, and the untilled lands on the hills, on
which they kept enormous herds of horned cattle—for which reason, and
because the Jesuits said that these were their own property, they would not
allow the natives to supply themselves wood, rattans, and bamboos,
unless they paid fixed prices—the Indians committed shocking acts of
hostility on the ranches of Lian and Nasugbu, killing and plundering the tenants
of those lands, with many other ravages. Nor did they respect the houses of
the [Jesuit] fathers, but attacked and plundered them,
and partly burned them, as well as many other buildings independent of
these…. The contagion spread to the village of Taal, and more than sparks
were discovered in other places, although efforts were made to conceal the fire.
Glosari
Conceal … itago
Contagion … pagkahawa
Enormous … malaki
Herd … grupo ng hayop
Hostility … kalupitan
Plunder … pagnanakaw
Pretext … pangangatwiran
Ravage … paninira
Usurp … mangamkam, mang-agaw
! 79
!
Sipi 3. Mula sa dekreto ni Haring Felipe V noong 7 Nobyembre
1751
... Don Pedro Enriquez, an auditor of that same Audiencia,
made a report... of what he has done... for the pacification of the
villages of Taguig, Hagonoy, Parañaque, Bacoor, Cavite el Viejo,
and other places… which lie near that capital, all of which
revolted. A similar insurrection or revolt occurred in the province
of Bulacan, and these... protested… against the injuries which the
Indians received from the managers of the estates which are
owned by the religious of St. Dominic and those of St. Augustine…
- usurping the lands of the Indians, without leaving them the
freedom of the rivers for their fishing, or allowing them to cut
wood for their necessary use, or even to collect the wild fruits;
nor did they allow the natives to pasture on the hills near their
villages the carabaos which they used for agriculture. Accordingly
[Don Pedro] determined to free them from these oppressions, and
decided that they should not pay various unjust taxes which the
managers exacted from them..... he demanded from the aforesaid
religious orders the titles of ownership for the lands which they
possessed; and, notwithstanding the resistance that they made to
him, repeatedly refusing [to obey], he distributed to the villages
the lands which the orders had usurped, and all which they held
without legitimate cause he declared to be crown lands…. He also
took other measures which seemed to him proper for the
investigation of the fraudulent proceedings in the measurement of
the lands in the estate of Biñan, which is owned by the religious
of St. Dominic—fraud which was committed in the year 1743 by
the court clerk of that Audiencia [of Manila] with notable fraud
and trickery, in which participated the two surveyors (appointed
through ignorance or evil intent), to the grave injury of the village of Silang.
This had caused the disturbances, revolts, and losses which had been
experienced in the above-mentioned villages…. I approve, and regard as just
and proper, all that was performed by the aforesaid Don Pedro Calderon
Enriquez….
Dated at San Lorenzo, on November 7, 1751
I THE KING
Haring Felipe V, “Usurpation of Indian Lands by Friars,” 1751, sa
! 80
Blair at Robertson 48: 27-31, 34.
!
Glosari
Aforesaid … nabanggit
Crown land … lupain ng hari
Exact … maningil
Fraudulent … madaya
Legitimate … legal
Notwithstanding … bagama’t
Pacification … panunupil
! 81
!
MODYUL SA PAGKATUTO
Pangkalahatang Ideya
Nakita ninyo sa sinundang aralin na dahil sa mga patakarang pananakop
ay naglunsad ng mga pag-aalsa ang mga Pilipino sa iba-ibang isla. Bukod sa
mga pangyayaring ito, mula sa ika-16 na siglo ay dumami at lumawak ang mga
pagbabago sa ika-19 na siglo. Pinayagan, halimbawa, ng gobyernong Espanyol
ang mga Ingles at iba pang dayuhang mangangalakal na magtayo ng kumpanya
at industriya sa iba-ibang parte ng Pilipinas, matapos tumigil ang kalakalang
galleon noong 1815. Nadebelop ang mga produktong pang-eksport katulad ng
asukal, abaka at tabako, at naitayo ang unang bangko, ang Banco Español-
Filipino, noong 1851. Sa madaling salita, makikita sa kolonya ang mga tanda ng
progreso sa ika-19 na siglo, kasama ang tren at iba pang modernong pasilidad.
! 82
!
PROGRESO
! 83
!
[To] maintain or keep the Colony forever, i. e. never to consider
its separation …:
… it is necessary to keep … [Filipinos] in an intellectual and moral
state that their numerical superiority be politically less than the …
[Spaniards] just as in a balance a pile of hay weighs less than a bar of gold…
[C]ircumscribe education to primary schools where
the three “r’s” can be taught, with one school in every town as is the present
practice and under the care of the curate. The colleges for men now extant in
Manila should be closed…
It is necessary too that in every town there should be a Spanish
curate, it being preferable to leave it unattended spiritually rather
than to relinquish it in the hands of the Filipino clergy… this
colony in my concept should be maintained by religion. Based on
this principle, nothing can promote faster its emancipation than to
! 84
!
ordain native priests. Some observe that they are inept and vicious and
consequently do not inspire respect and neither do they wield influence, nor are
they feared….
Glosari
Censure … pintasan
Circumscribe … limitahin
Curate … pari o prayleng Espanyol
na namumuno sa isang
parokya; miyembro siya ng
orden
Emancipation … pagpapalaya
Extant … namamalagi
Headstrong … matigas ang ulo
Incur … malapatan ng parusa
Inept … walang kakayahan
! 85
!
Ordain … proseso ng pagiging pari
Relinquish … ipagkatiwala, iwanan
Three r’s … pagbasa (reading),
pagsulat (‘riting) at
pagbilang (‘rithmetic)
Vicious … mabagsik
Wield influence … mamahala
Impormasyong
Tungkol sa Mga Rekomendasyon Mahihinuha mula sa mga
Rekomendasyon
a. Edukasyon
b. Pamamahala ng
mga parokya o
simbahan
c. Pananamit ng mga
Espanyol at Pilipino
d. Pagtrato ng mga
Pilipino at Espanyol
sa isa’t isa
! 86
!
It is a pity that the Madrid government has not given
preferential attention to the material condition of the Philippines by
stimulating the productive elements, removing all kinds of fetters,
and facilitating the free circulation of their products. In a period of
50 years how highly developed would have been agriculture in
those fertile lands watered everywhere by immense rivers, what
country in the world would not have been supplied with its
agricultural products! But, what can be expected of farmers without
zeal for lack of stimulus and they deprive from their labor if they
cannot sell their produce or if they have to carry them to the
markets, spending five or six days on the road they themselves
have to cut through forests and rivers, through regions still
inhabited by fierce infidels, in order to sell at prices insufficient
either to compensate them for their labor or for the risks they
run?
The distant towns of the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya,
Isabela and others located in Central Luzon encounter these sad realities.
Why would not their inhabitants be lazy? How could these towns become rich
or their population increase? Thus, the majority of the people plant only
tobacco, in spite of the worst conditions of the monopoly. As the
government buys this product, the planters do not have to go to Manila to sell
it. They also plant rice but just enough to supply their families. If they have
any surplus grain, they take it to San Isidro or to Pangasinan where they are paid
not more than three reales vellon for one arroba of rice, whereas at Manila
the price is ten reales or two pesos and twenty-five cents an arroba.
Gregorio G. Sancianco, El Progreso de Filipinas (Madrid, 1881),
trans. by Encarnacion Alzona (Manila: National Historical Institute,
2000), pp. 30-31.
!
87
!
Glosari
Arroba … paraan ng pagsukat sa
b. Epekto ng mga
balakid na ito sa
kalagayan ng
ekonomiya
! 88
!
! 89
!
España y Filipinas
Juan Luna 1886,
oil on canvas
Mula sa Lopez
Memorial Museum,
Lungsod ng Pasig
Sino sa inyong
palagay ang
kinakatawan ng
babae sa kaliwa at
babae sa kanan?
Bakit?
! 90
!
Paano makakamit
ang progreso sa
punto de bista ni
Luna?
! 91
!
Malaki ang papel ng historikal na konteksto at personal
na background ng may-akda sa pagbuo ng kanyang pananaw. Dahil dito,
iba-iba ang pananaw sa progreso.
! 92
!
MODYUL SA PAGKATUTO
Pangkalahatang Ideya
Isa sa mga tagapaghubog ng kamalayang Pilipino sa siglo 19 ay ang
Kilusang Propaganda. Marami sa mga kasapi nito ay mga kabataan at mag-aaral. Bunga ng
kanilang edukasyon, naging mapanuri ang mga propagandista sa mga suliranin ng bayan tulad
ng maling pamamalakad ng mga Espanyol sa Pilipinas at ang pang-aabuso ng mga prayle.
! 93
!
Jose Rizal
Paaralan: Ateneo Municipal, Universidad de Santo Tomas, Universidad
Central de Madrid!
Kurso: Medisina!
Mariano Ponce
Paaralan: Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Universidad Central de
Madrid !
Kurso: Medisina!
Juan Luna
Paaralan: Ateneo Municipal, Academio de Dibujo y Pintura! Kurso:
Pagpipinta!
Antonio Luna
Paaralan: Universidad de Santo Tomas, Universidad de Barcelona!
Kurso: Parmasya !
Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Paaralan: Universidad de Valencia!
Kurso: Medisina!
! 94
!
! 95
!
La Solidaridad
! 96
!
The Aspirations of Filipinos
His Excellency, the Minister of Colonies
Your Excellency,
The Spanish-Filipino Association in Madrid; the Solidaridad, an
association of Filipinos living in Catalonia; La Solidaridad, a newspaper
published in Barcelona, and various Spaniards whose signatures appear
below, have the honor to submit to Your Excellency this petition.
During the last few years, the culture of the Philippines has been
developing in such a way that it is now equal to that of the other provinces of
Spain.
The time has come therefore to grant to that Spanish
region [Philippines] the fundamental rights enjoyed by every
Spaniard, such as:
1. Representation in the Cortes
2. Abolition of censorship
3. Speedy and final prohibition of the current practice… [of]
deporting citizens
In view thereof, the petitioners have the honor to request the Minister
of Colonies to do everything possible so that there may be an immediate
application in the Philippines of all laws which guarantee said rights.
Barcelona, 25 April 1889
Miguel Morayta, Galicano Apacible, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano
Ponce, Celso Mir Deas, Emilio Junoy, Damaso Ponce, Santiago
Icasiano, Antonio Moreno, Ricardo Villanueva, Manuel Dodero,
Antonio Bicamps, P. Ma. Jomapa, Pablo Rianzares, Graciano Lopez,
A. Julla, Agustin Rexeres, etc. (more signatures follow)
97
!
!
Glosari
Catalonia … rehiyon sa hilagang
silangan ng Espanya
Cortes … Lehislatura ng
pamahalaang Espanya
Censorship … pagpuna at pagbawal sa
pahayagan at ibang
publikasyon
Deport … itapon sa ibang lugar
Minister of Colonies … Opisyal ng Espanya na
nangangasiwa sa
administrasyon ng mga
kolonya; nakabase ito sa
Espanya mismo
Prohibition … pagbawal
! 98
!
a. Bakit sumulat sa
Ministro ng
Kolonya sa
Espanya at hindi
sa opisyal na
nasa Pilipinas?
c. Anong mga
benepisyo ang
makukuha ng
Pilipinas sa mga
repormang
hiningi sa
petisyon?
! 99
!
Pang-aabuso ng
mga prayleng
Espanyol!
Kawalan ng Maling
kamalayan pamamahala
bilang bansa! ng kolonya!
Monarchism in the Philippines
Marcelo H. del Pilar
It has always been said that the friar handles the Filipino as he pleases.
Based on this assumption, the government abstains from emancipating the
!
schools in
monarchal tutelage.
the
100
Philippines from theocratic-
!
Glosari
Abstain … pigilan, huwag ipatupad
Assumption … palagay
Defendant … nasasakdal, akusado
Destitute … kaawa-awa
Diocesan … tumutukoy sa Simbahan o
parokyang Katoliko
Dogma … paniniwala,
pananampalataya
Imposition … pasanin
Monarchism … pamamahala ng mga
prayle o paring Kastila, ang
kanilang impluwensiya at
kapangyarihan
Pastoral … gawain ispiritwal ng
Simbahang Katoliko
Pulpit … ang tinatayuan ng pari
tuwing nagbibigay ng
sermon at ng mga
tagabasa ng Bibliya;
kadalasang makikita sa harap
ng simbahan
! 101
!
Dominikano, at lahat ay
Espanyol; sa panahon ng
mga Espanyol, karamihan
sa mga parokya ay
pinamunuan
orden
ng mga
1
Anong aspeto ang hinayaan ng
gobyerno na impluwensyahan ng
mga pari?
! 102
!
Glosari
Anitan … kalbuhin o ahitan ng
buhok gaya sa mga pari
Deretsos …
nabibilang sa isang orden
batas o katuwiran
! 103
!
The ineptitude of the chief executives in the Philippines is
the prime cause of the disaster that threatens to destroy it completely. There
is no material improvement at all that anyone can see in the archipelago.
The Office of Civil Administration administers nothing, develops nothing, and
civilizes no one. The governor-general… has little time to spare for
governing the Philippines or promoting its development.
The rapid turn-over of civil service personnel is another
prolific source of corruption and confusion in the Philippines, as
indeed in all colonial countries. If to this is added the notorious
incapacity of most of these bureaucrats, it is clear that as wave
after wave of them passes through the country there will soon be
nothing left.
We are perfectly aware of the fact that there are royal
decrees directing that natives be employed in the colonial
government and civil service. We are also perfectly aware that
these decrees are not observed; that the law on this point is a
104
!
!
dead letter, as well as everything else that has been written on the subject.
Glosari
Bureaucrat … taong gobyerno
Dead letter … walang pakinabang; walang
bias
Distressing … nakakabagabag
Governor-General … pinakamataas na opisyal ng
gobyernong kolonyal sa
Pilipinas
Ineptitude … kawalan ng kakayahan
Notorious … kilala bilang masama o di
kanais-nais
Prolific … mabunga
Time to spare … oras na gugulin
Turnover … pagpalit-palit
d. Pagtupad sa batas
tungkol sa pag-
empleyo ng mga
Pilipino sa
pamahalaan
e. Kalagayan ng
Pilipinas sa
! 105
!
pangkalahatan
f. Sa tingin ninyo,
mayroon pa bang
problema sa itaas na
nananatili pa rin
ngayon? Aling
problema? Magbigay
ng halimbawa.
The lack of national sentiment brings another evil which is
the absence of all oppositions to measures prejudicial to the people and
the absence of any initiative in whatever may redound to its good. A man in
the Philippines is nothing more but an individual; he is not a member of a
nation. He is forbidden and he is denied the right of association; therefore, he is
weak and slow. The Philippines is an organism whose cells do not seem to have
either an arterial system to irrigate it or a nervous system to communicate
its impressions….
The result of this is that if a prejudicial measure is ordered, no one
protests; all goes well apparently until later the evils are felt…. The organism
has neither nerves nor voice…. It needs a reform, but as it must not
speak, it keeps silent and remains without the need….
In addition to this, love of peace and the honor many have
of accepting the few administrative positions which fall to the
Filipinos on account of inconveniences and annoyances these
cause them, place at the head of the towns the most stupid and
incapable men, those who submit to everything, those who can
endure all the caprices and exactions of the curate and of
officials. With stupidity in the lower spheres of power and
ignorance and indifference in the upper echelons, with the frequent
changes [of officials] ..., with a people without a voice, initiative, or
cohesion, with employees who nearly all strive to amass a
fortune…, with inhabitants who live in great hardship from the
106
!
!
moment they begin to breathe, [is it possible to] create prosperity, agriculture and
industry, found enterprises and companies…?
Glosari
Amass … makakuha ng maraming
bagay, pera o ari-arian …
Annoyance pagkainis
Apparent … malinaw
Arterial system … tumutukoy sa koneksyon
ng mga ugat sa katawan
na pinagdadaluyan ng
dugo
Caprice … kapritso
Cohesion … pagkakaisa
Curate … prayle o paring Espanyol
Echelon … antas
Enterprise … negosyo
Exaction … pangingikil; pagkuha
Found … magtayo; magtatag
Impression … nararamdaman
Inconvenience … istorbo
Indifference … kawalang bahala; walang
pakialam
Initiative … kusang loob
Prejudicial … mapanganib
Redound … magresulta; magdulot
Submit … tanggapin; pumayag
! 107
!
b. Anong mga
halimbawa ang
ibinigay niya upang
patunayan ang
kawalan ng ganitong
kamalayan?
c. Sa tingin ni Rizal,
bakit wala o
mahirap hubugin ang
kamalayang ito?
e. Sa tingin ninyo,
problema pa ba
ngayon ang kawalan
ng damdaming
pambansa?
Patunayan ang
inyong sagot.
! 108
!
! 109
!
Pangalan ng Dyaryo
• Gumawa ng sariling pamagat para sa pahayagan na nagpapahiwatig ng layunin
ng samahan at ng panahong siglo 19. Lagyan din ito ng logo at motto.
!
Editoryal
• Ang punong patnugot ay gagawa ng editoryal. Naglalaman ito ng opinyon o
pananaw tungkol sa isang isyu o kaganapan noong siglo 19.
!
Mga Balita
• Sumulat ng tatlong balita tungkol sa problema ng kolonya at mga mungkahing
solusyon ng Kilusang Propaganda. Huwag kopyahin ang sipi; gawin lamang
itong gabay. Kung kailangan, magsaliksik pa upang buuin ang balita. Isulat ang
mga balita sa sarili ninyong salita. Huwag kalimutang isulat ang pinagkunan ng
impormasyon.
!
Mga Malikhaing Akda
• Isang tula, karikatura o maikling sanaysay tungkol sa isyu, pangyayari, o tauhan noong
siglo 19.
!
Mga Sanggunian
• Sa balita o akda, tukuyin ang mga sangguniang ginamit sa paggawa nito.
!
! 110
!
Grupo
Kalidad ng Dyaryo
1 2 3 4 5 6
Malinaw ang paglahad ng editoryal at ng isyung tinalakay;
may halimbawang sumusuporta sa posisyon ng editoryal.
Sapat ang bilang ng mga balita; sinasalamin nito ang mga pangyayari at
problema noong siglo 19; kumpleto ang
detalye ng mga balita.
Malikhain ang tula, sanaysay, o karikatura; sinasalamin ang panahon ng
siglo 19.
Kabuuang Marka
! 111
!
MODYUL SA PAGKATUTO
Pangkalahatang Ideya
Napag-aralan mo na ang mga ideya ng progreso at reporma sa huling bahagi ng
ika-19 na siglo. Kung reporma ang layunin ng Kilusang Propaganda, sa hangaring makamit ng
mga Pilipino ang lahat ng mga karapatan at pribilehiyong tinatamasa ng mga Espanyol,
nilayon naman ng Katipunan ang pagkamit ng kalayaan sa pamamagitan ng himagsikan, sa
kadahilanang walang pagbabagong makukuha mula sa Espanya. Nakatuon ang modyul na
ito sa pagmamahal sa bayan at sa kahulugan ng kalayaan mula sa pananaw ng
rebolusyon, simula sa mga aral ng Katipunan na itinatag noong 1892 hanggang sa Saligang
Batas ng Malolos noong 1899. Ang mga primaryang sanggunian sa modyul na ito ay isinulat
ng mga Pilipinong rebolusyonaryo. Sa pagsusuri ng mga ito ay inaasahang maunawaan ang
kahalagahan ng kanilang simulain para sa Pilipinas at ang kaugnayan nito sa kasalukuyan.
! 112
!
a. Ano ang
kalagayan ng
Pilipinas bago
dumating ang
mga Espanyol?
b. Ano ang
kalagayan ng
Pilipinas
ngayon sa
panahon ng
Espanyol?
c. Ano ang
magiging
kalagayan ng
Pilipinas kapag
mapatalsik ang
Espanya?
! 113
!
K. K. K.
N. M. A. N. B
BRGY. _________________________
Glosari
Ikalagot … maputol, tumigil
Patnugutan … pamahalaan, pangasiwaan
!
Sukdang … kahit na
114
!
Glosari
Dalisay … puro, walang-halo
Dunong … kaalaman, talino
!
Magkalagot-lagot …
Tatalikdan …
115
maputol, matigil
tatalikuran
!
Para kay
Sagot sa Sariling Salita Saknong
Bonifacio
a. Ano ang mga
katangian ng
pagmamahal
sa bayan?
b. Paano
ipinapakita
ang
pagmamahal
sa bayan?
c. Bakit
mahalagang
mahalin ang
sariling bayan?
Grupo 1
a. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan
ay kahoy na walang lilim, kundi man damong makamandag.
!
116
!
Grupo 2
Grupo 3
a. Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna ang puri kaysa pagpipita sa sarili; ang
may hamak na kalooban, inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili kaysa puri.
! 117
!
Grupo 4
Grupo 5
! 118
!
Grupo 6
Glosari
Kabakahin … kalabanin
Lumingap … magkalinga, mag-aruga
Makamandag … nakakalason
Pagpipita … pagpupuri
Patnugot … patnubay, paggabay
Nag-iwi …
Umakay …
nag-alaga
gumabay, patnubayin
Wagas … tapat, tunay
! 119
!
(b )
(c )
And having as witness to the rectitude of our intentions, the
Supreme Judge of the Universe, and under the protection of the Powerful
and Humanitarian Nation, the United States of America, we do hereby
proclaim and declare solemnly in the name and by authority of the people of
these Philippine Islands,
! 120
!
That they are and have the right to be free and independent; that
they have ceased to have any allegiance to the Crown of Spain; that all political
ties between them are and should be completely severed and annulled; and that,
like other free and independent States, they enjoy the full power to make War
and Peace, conclude commercial treaties, enter into alliances, regulate
commerce, and do all other acts and things which an Independent State has a right
to do.…
Glosari
Annul … mawalang bisa
Cease … itigil
Commemorate … gunitain
Disinterested … pagtulong nang walang
protection pansariing interes o
motibo
Distinctive … katangi-tangi
! 121
!
Emblem … simbolo
Humanitarian … makatao
Manifestation … pagpapakita
Profound … malalim
Rectitude … katuwiran
Sever … putulin
Solemnly … mataimtim
Unanimous … pinagkaisahan ng lahat
! 122
!
f. Paano kaya
ipinagkasundo ang
papel ng Estados
Unidos at ang
independensiya ng
bagong republika? Ano
ang tingin mo dito?
Titulo Artikulo
Title I . The Art. 1. The political association of all the Filipinos constitutes
Republic a NATION, whose state shall be known as the Philippine
Republic.
Art. 2. The Philippine Republic is free and independent.
Art. 3. Sovereignty resides exclusively in the people.
! 123
!
Titulo Artikulo
Title III . Art. 5. The State recognizes the freedom and equality of all
Religion religions, as well as the separation of the Church and the
State.
Title VII . The Art. 56. The Executive Power shall be vested in the President
Executive of the Republic, who shall exercise it through his Department
Power Secretaries.
Title VIII . The Art. 58. The President of the Republic shall be elected by
President of absolute majority of votes by the Assembly and by the special
the Republic Representatives, convened in chamber assembled. His term of
office shall be four years, and may be reelected.
Sulpicio Guevara, The Laws of the First Philippine Republic (The Laws of Malolos),
1898-1899 (Manila: National Historical Commission, 1972),
pp. 104-05, 107, 112-13.
Glosari
Convene … magtipun-tipon
Deprive … ipagkait
Implore … hingin
Preamble … pauna
Public morals … mabuti at matuwid na
kaugalian na masasabing
tanggap ng isang lipunan
Sovereignty - kalayaan ng
bansang magpasya
Vested … ipinagkaloob
Welfare … kabutihan, kapakanan
! 124
!
Probisyong
Tanong Sagot sa Sariling Salita Nagpapatunay
ng Sagot
a. Sino ang may
hawak ng
kapangyarihan?
Paano ito naiiba
sa kalagayan ng
isang kolonya?
b. Ano ang mga
katangian ng
Republika ng
Pilipinas?
! 125
!
Probisyong
Tanong Sagot sa Sariling Salita Nagpapatunay
ng Sagot
g. Base sa
Konstitusyon ng
Malolos, ano ang
ibig sabihin ng
kalayaan?
h. Ano ang
kahalagahan ng
Saligang Batas?
Bakit ito
kailangan?
! 126