CAN - ရပ္ရြာစိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးႏွင့္အဟာရ

vufpGJpmtkyf
a';Apf apm0g;
CAN
CAN vufpGJpmtkyf 2007 jrefrmbmomjzifhykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;

vufpGJpmtkyf
C.F.B.R
CAN
vufpGJpmtkyf
&yf&GmpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh tm[m&
jrefrmbmomjzifh ykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;
a';Apfapm0g;
2007
&yf&GmpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh tm[m& = vufpGJpmtkyf
ðypka&;omm;ol = a';Apfapm0g;
pDpOfwnf;jzwfol = *sufaumhawmrfqif
tm[m&"gwftykdif; = tJef;_'D;,m;rufeD;zD;/ MPH RD
atmufygtzGJŒtpnf;wkd‹. axmufyHhulnDr+jzifh Tpmtkyfukd 2007 ckESpftwGif;wGif xkwfa0onf?

jrefrm'kuQonfrsm;twGuf uae'g&HykHaiGtzGJŒ
uae'goH±kH;/ befaumuf/ xkdif;EkdifiH
wDbDbDpD
12§5 acg0J(wf)vrf;
pDvkH/ befaumuf/ xkdif;EkdifiH
tkdiftmpD
'kwd,txyf/ zkef = tarmfwkduf/ 1028§5 &m;rm; 4 vrf;
xkr[marh/ pmaxm(ef) befaumuf/ 10120/ xkdif;EkdifiH
bmomjyefqkdolrsm;
jrefrm = a';Apfapm0g;
u&if = t,fae0g;
ytkd0fh = "rReENg (awmif}uD; BE Civic)/ pdefxGef;
o#rf; = pefpkdif;
±kyfykHa&;qGJolrsm;
apmuvmrl;
pkdif;crf;csef;
apmuae'D
pmtkyfjyifqifolrsm;
t*Fvdyf = yDwmpwJewf
jrefrm = ausmfausmfOD; (KCEI)
u&if = wmuD/
ytkd0fh = "rReENg (awmif}uD; BE Civic)/ pdefxGef;
o#rf; = r&&Sdao;
xkdif;EkdifiHwGif ykHESdyfxkwfa0onf
Wanida Press
9/1 Soi Chotana Road 12
Changpuak, A.Muang, Chiangmai 50300, Thailand
Copyright C 2007 David Saw Wah

tjrwfxkwf pD;yGg;&Sm&ef r[kwfygu Tpmtkyfukd xyfqifhul;,lEkdifygonf?
pma&;olEiS hf Tpmtkyx f wk af 0&mwGif yg0ifygwfouforl sm; tm;vk;H onf TvufqpJG mtkyEf iS hf pyfvsO;f I a0zeft}uðH ycsurf sm;ESihf ‚if;tm; rnfuo
hJ ‹dk tok;H ðyonfudk tcsut
f vufrsm;
ay;ykd‹yg&ef vkdufvJSpGm óudqkdygonf?
ISBN: 978-974-7013-38-2
pma&;ol okd‹r[kwf Tpmtkyfxkwfa0&mwGif yg0ifygwfoufolrsm;ESifh qufoG,fvkdygu tD;ar;vf vdyfpm ( E-mail: canproject@tbbc.org ) okd‹
pma&;om;ay;ykd‹Ekdifygonf?
ed'gef;
u|Ekfyfwkd@ vlrsKd;rsm;onf tpOfojzifh v,form;rsm;jzpf=uonf? jrpfacsmif; tif;tdkifrsm;/
awmifwef;rsm;ESifh opfawmrsm;wdk@. v,form;rsm; jzpf=uonf? jrefrmjynfwGif jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh ydkI
rsm;jym;vmaom u|Eyfk w
f @kd vrl sK;d rsm;onf Zmwdajrudk pGe@f cmG I wpfae&mrS wpfae&mod@k a&GŒajymif; aexdik f cJ=h u&+y;D /
trsm;tjym;onf ,cktcgwiG f xkid ;f jrefrm e,fpyfwpfavsmuf&dS 'kuo Q nf pcef;rsm;wGif aexdik f vsu&f =dS uonf?
xdkif;bk&ifh tpdk;&ESifh ‚if;. jynfoljynfom;rsm;/ tpdk;& r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wdk@onf

u|Eyfk w
f @kd tm; axmufyu hH nl &D mwGif tvGerf eG jf rwfonfh pdw"f gwrf sm;&S=d uonf? u|Eykf w f @kd onf tpm;tpm/
cdkv_H&mae&m/ usef;rma&;ðypk apmifha&Smufr_ESifh ynma&; ponfh taxmuftyHhrsm; &&dScHpm;&ojzifh txl;
aus;Zl;wiftyfygonf? od@k aomf u|Eyfk w f @dk onf 'kuoQ nf pcef;rsm;wGif aexdik af epOf u|Eyfk .
f ±k;d &mtpOf tvm/
tar$tepf/ tawG@tóuH/ Om%fynm tajrmftjrifEiS hf vrf;prsm; jznf;jznf;jcif; aysmufu, G v
f suf &So
d nf?
u|Ekfyfwdk@om;orD;taejzifh rdrdwdk@ pm;oHk;aeonfh qefrsm;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@ ajcvufrsm;jzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@.
v,f,majrrsm;wGif pdu k yf sK;d =ujcif; r[kwb f J ypPn;f odak vSmif±rHk sm;rS &&S=d uonf?
1999 ckESpfwGif u|Ekfyftaejzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; ulnDaxmufyHhay;aeonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk

pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESihf ywfoufI u|Eafk wmfw@kd . om;orD;rsm;tm; oif=um;yd@k csEidk rf nfh enf;vrf;rsm; uln&D mS azG ay;&efEiS hf
u|Ekfyfwdk@taejzifh ydkrdkI udk,fydkif zlvkHpGmjzifh touf&Sif aexdkifoGm;Edkifatmif tultnDrsm; ay;yg&ef
arwWm&yfccH o hJ nf? &vm'ftaejzifh ,cktcgwiG f CAN [kac:onfh pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESihf tm[m&"gwf pDru H ed ;f jzpfonf?
TvufppJG mtkyo f nf 'kuoQ nfrsm;ESihf xdik ;f jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf&dS jynfwiG ;f 'kuo Q nf rsm;ESihf twl (7) ESpf
ausmt f wGi;f ay:vGiv f matmif tqufrjywf vkyaf qmifcsu. f aemufq;kH tqifh jzpfonf?
a&&Snf wnfwo hH nfh pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESihf ywfoufI tvGeaf umif;rGeo f nfh pmtkyrf sm;ESihf t&if;
tjr‡pfrsm; trsm;tjym;&Sd+yD;/ u|Efkyfwdk@onf Tt&if;tjr‡pfrsm;rS trsm;tjym;udk avhvmqnf;yl;cJhonf?
od@k aomfvnf; pdu k yf sK;d ajrae&m/ a&ESihf tjcm;aom t&if;tjr‡prf sm; &&SEd idk rf _ tuef@towfa=umifh 'kuo Q nf
rsm;onf pduk yf sK;d a&;ESihf ywfoufonfh vufawG@ vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;wGif t=uyftwnf;ESihf awG@óuHae& onf?
TvufpJG pmtkyo f nf a&&Snw f nfwo hH nfh pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESihf ywfoufI tjcm;pmtkyrf sm;/ vufpJG pmtkyrf sm;ESihf
t&if;t jr‡pfrsm;rS awG@&Sdonfh t,ltq oabmxm;rsm;udk &dk;&Sif; qDavsmfonfh tusOf;csKyf a&;om;
az: jycsutf m; rdwq f ufay;Edik &f ef óud;pm;onf?
Tpmtkyo f nf ausmif;oH;k pmtkyf r[kwaf cs? od@k aomf vltrsm;pdww f ikd ;f us qGx
J w
k f a&G;cs,f
Edik &f eftwGuf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh bmom&yfrsm;tm; pkaqmif;a&;ðypkxm;onfh pmtkyw f pftyk jf zpfonf? u|Eykf wf @kd
em;vnf o abmayguf o nf r S m Tpmtk y f o nf +yD ; jynf h p H k r _ r&S d a o;acs? u|Ek f a wmf w d k @ quf v uf I
avhvmqnf;yl;Edik &f efEiS hf Tpmtkyu f kd a&SŒwd;k +y;D ðyjyifomG ;Edik &f eftwGuf rnforl qd.
k t,ltq oabm xm;ESihf
t=uHðycsut f m; zdwaf c:yg onf?
2000 ckEpS w f iG f u|Eykf o
f nf CAN vufppJG mtkyf t=urf;wpftyk u f kd t+yD;owf a&;om; ðypk
cJo
h nf? 2001 ckEpS wf iG f q&m Jacob Thomson ESihf twl yxrOD;qH;k CAN oif±;dk !Ge;f wrf; pmtkyu f kd
a&;om;cJo h nf? ,if;tcsed rf pS I Toif&;kd !Ge;f wrf;rsm;udk oifwef;rsm;wGif toH;k ðy vsu&f o dS nf? ausmif;ol
§om;rsm;/ q&m§rrsm;/ &Gmol§om;rsm;ESihf &yf&mG tajcðy tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf tpd;k & r[kwo f nfh tzG@J tpnf;
rsm;rS 0efxrf;rsm; pkpak ygi;f 5000 OD;a&cef@ oifwef; yd@k cs ay;cJo
h nf? yxr oif&;kd !Ge;f wrf; a&;qG+J yD;csed rf pS I
u|Efkyfwdk@onf tawG@tóuH trsm;tjym;udk &&SdcJh+yD;/ oifcef;pm trsm;tjym;udk avhvmqnf;yl;cJhjcif;ESifh
tajymif;tvJ trsm;tjym;udk ðyvkyaf qmif&u G cf &hJ onfukd txl;ajymp&m rvdt
k yfacs?
Taemufq;kH pmtkyf tygt0if ausmvf eG cf o

hJ nfh ESprf sm;twGif CAN pDru
H ed ;f udk wd;k wufjzpf
xGef;atmif vkyfaqmif&mwGif yHhydk;ay;r_twGuf aus;Zl;Oyum& wif&Sd&eftwGuf vltrsm;tjym;udk tod
trSwðf y&ef&o
dS nf?
yxrOD;qHk; taejzifh u|Ekfyf. u&ifeDjynf&Sd &Gmom;rsm;ESifh v,form;rsm;jzpfonf? pmtkyf

rsm;onfu|Eykf w
f @kd tm; enf;vrf;opf trsm;tjym;udk oif=um;ay;onf? od@k aomf a'ocH vlrsm;onf u|Eyfk t
f m;
a&S;a[mif;enf;vrf; trsm;tjym;udk oif=um;ay;onf?
CAN pDru H ed ;f tpOD;ydik ;f wGif pHjyO,smOf wnfaxmif&efEiS hf ysK;d yifayguu

f av;rsm; twGuf aiGa=u;
axmufyahH y;onfh Christine Munro (,cif Canada Fund for Burmese Refugees)/ Christine taejzifh
ao;i,fonfh vkyaf qmifro _ nf r=umc% taumif;qH;k vky&f yfjzpf+y;D }u;D rm;onfh vkyaf qmifro
_ nf tpOfojzifh
aumif;rGejf cif; r&S[
d k todtrSwðf yonf?
Shimpei Murakami .pmtkyf jzpfaom “Lessen From Nature” onf u|Ekfyftm;

ajrmufrsm;pGm aom oifcef;pmopfrsm;udk oif=um;ay;onf?
TvufpGJpmtkyfwGif pum;&yf tcsKdŒudk cufqpf t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;csuf tcef;wGif xnfhoGif;

toH;k ðyEdik &f ef twGuf olr. pmtkyjf zpf aom "EnvironmentWords" pmtkyu f rkd eG jf rwfpmG cGiðhf yonfh Glenda
Kupczk- Romanczuk?
olr. cGetf m;ESihf pnf;±k;H a&; u|r;f usirf r_ sm;jzifh CAN pDru
H ed ;f tkyjf rpf wnfaqmuf&mwGif
ulnyD yhH @kd ay;onfh Helen Stannard (,cif World Education)?
TvufppJG mtky. f enf;ynm tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;udk rGejf rwfonfh pdw"f gwjf zifh jyefvnf oH;k oyf
ay;onfh q,fpEk pS rf sm;pGm ta&SŒawmif tm±SwiG f tawG@tóuH&ifu h suo f nfh pdu
k yf sK;d a&; u|r;f usio
f l Klaus
Prinz?
T CAN pDru H ed ;f jzpfay:vmapEdik &f eftwGuf t}uHOm%frsm;ESihf pmtkypf mwrf; trsm;tjym;udk

ulnaD xmufyahH y;cJo
h nfh Steve Thompson (Images Asia)?
CAN pDrHudef; qufvuf &SifoefEdkif&efESifh zGH@òzd;wdk;wufvmap&ef twGufESpf&Snfvrsm;
taumiftxnfaz: vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G af e=uonfh q&m}uD;,d&k ;DS ,mESihf q&mt,f&;D Edk (u&ifezD @HG òzd;a&;Xme
KnDD)?
Jacob Thomson ( ,cif World Education ESihf TBBC ) . tultnDrygbJ CAN

pDru H ed ;f udk tpysK;d r_EiS hf zG@H òzd;atmif ðyvkyEf ikd v
f rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs? olonf 1999 ckEpS f uwnf;u t=uHay;
yk*K~ v
d tf jzpf vnf;aumif;/ rdwaf qGtjzpf vnf;aumif; u|Eafk wmfEiS hf twl vufwaJG qmif&u G cf o
hJ nf?
tjcm;aom vltrsm;tjym;. trnfrsm;udk az: jyEdik jf cif;r&Sad cs? od@k aomf 'kuo Q nf pcef;wGi;f
ESihf pcef;jyifyrsm;wGif CAN oifwef;rsm; ðyvky&f mwGif ‚if;wd@k . t,ltqrsm;ESihf wDxiG cf surf sm;udk xnfo
h iG ;f
toH;k ðyxm;onf?
aemufq;kH taejzifh atmufyg tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk CAN pDru

H ed ;f twGuf ‚if;wd@k . bÀm a&; ESihf
tjcm;taxmuftyHrh sm;twGuf aus;Zl;Oyum& wif&ydS gonf? - Canada Fund for Burmese Refugees;
Thailand Burma Border Consortium; World Education; International Rescue Committee;
Jesuit Refugee service; Images Asia and ZOA Refugee Care.
Tpmtkyo f nf 2000 ckEpS w

f iG f t"du CAN oifwef;rSL;rsm; tzG@J 0ifrsm;jzpf+yD; ,ck uG,v
f eG f
oGm;&Sm=uaom q&mig;&,f/ q&mzg;udEk iS hf q&mzd;k cGm;}uD; wd@k tm; &nfp;l vsu?f
a';Apf apm0g;
u&ifeD zG‹H òzd;a&;Xme
Zefe0g&Dv/ 2007
trSmpm
pm;eyf&u d mQ zlvakH &;udk vlrsm;tm;vH;k tcsed wf ikd ;f wGif Ed;k =um;wufºuG+yD; use;f rmoefprG ;f pGm touf
&Sif aexdik af &; twGuf tm[m&"gwrf sm;ESihf jynfph +kH yD; vHòk cH/ vHak vmufpmG vdt k yfonfh tpm;tpmrsm;tm;
&kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh pD;yGm;a&;ydkif; qdkif&m &,ltoHk;ðyydkifcGifhtjzpf t"dy`g,f zGifhqdkonf? ‚if;. ta&;ygonfh
tajccHtydik ;f rsm;rSm tpm;tpmrsm;udk &&SEd ikd rf E_ iS hf toH;k ðyEdik rf j_ zpf+yD;/ ‚if;udk &&SEd ikd &f ef t&nftcsi;f jzpfonf?
(World Food Summit, Rome 2002)
1999 ckESpfwGif rpPwma';Apfapm0g;onf xdkif;jrefrm e,fpyfa'o wpf0dkuf&Sd 'kuQonfrsm;ESifh

jynfwiG ;f a&GŒajymif; 'kuo
Q nfrsm;. pm;eyf&u
d mQ zlv
H akH &;udk wd;k jrifah ponfh ol.pDru
H ed ;f tjrifukd tpd;k & r[kwo
f nfh
tzG@J tpnf;rsm;tm; wifjycJo h nf? Ttjrifonf xdik ;f Edik if w H iG f aexdik =f uaom 'kuo Q nfrsm;. aexdik &f onfh
b0tajctaetay: eufeufeJeJ oabmayguf em;vnfr_tay: tajccHonf? Ttajc taersm;onf
a&&SnfwnfwHhonfh tpm;tpmrsm; &&SdEdkifr_ESifh toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf pdwfóuduf a&G;cs,f&mwGif
tuef@towf&jdS cif; ponfh uef@owfxm;onfh ywf0ef;usijf zpfonf?
a';Apfonf a'ow0du k f &&SEd ikd o

f nfh ypPn;f rsm;udk toH;k ðy+yD; ao;i,fonfh ae&mtuGurf sm;wGif
tm[m&"gwEf iS hf jynfph o kH nfh pm;oH;k oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk pdu
k yf sK;d Edik &f ef qDavsmaf om pduk yf sK;d a&;enf;ynm tay:
tm±Hkpdkuf+yD;/ &yf&GmtwGif; tajcðyonfh ol‹. pDrHudef;tjrifudk ðypkysKd;axmifcJhonf? Tywf0eff;usifwGif
toH;k ðyEdik &f efEiS hf 'kuo
Q nfrsm; tm;vH;k ESihf jynfwiG ;f a&GŒajymif; 'kuo Q nfrsm;tm;vH;k &,ltoH;k ðyEdik &f ef twGuf
tqH;k tjzwfay;Edik &f ef us,jf yef@aom toH;k cs okawoe vkyif ef;udk OD;aqmifO;D &Guf ðycJo h nf?
tawmftwefrsm;jym;onfh tpd;k & r[kwaf om tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf yl;aygi;f vkyu f ikd jf cif;jzifh a';Apf onf
xdik ;f Edik if aH jrmufyikd ;f u&ife'D u
k o
Q nfpcef;twGi;f &Sd 'kuo Q nf oifwef;rSL;rsm;ESihf &yfuuG f vlxrk sm; twGuf
oifwef;rsm;udk ðypkysKd;axmifjcif;ESifh oifwef;ydk@csjcif;rsm;udk OD;aqmifðyvkyfcJhonf? TpDrHudef;onf
wd;k wufatmifjrifvm+yD; ,ckcsed w f iG f xdik ;f jrefrm e,fpyfwavsmuf&dS 'kuo
Q nfpcef; trsm;pkwiG f wufwuf
ºuGºuG vkyfaqmifvsuf&Sdonf? ‚if;tjyif jrefrmjynftwGif; aexdkif=uonfh jynfwGif; a&GŒajymif;'kuQonf
rsm;t=um; toH;k ðyvsu&f o dS nf?
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;oifwef;tjyif a';Apfonf pmawGŒqdik &f m pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESihf tm[m& yd@k cscsuf rsm;udk yl;wGJ
xnfhoGif;xm;+yD; oifwef;rSL;;rsm;udk vrf;!Gefr_ay;&eftwGuf tao;pdwf qGJxm;onfh oifwef;um;csyf
wpfoDwpfwef;udk toHk;ðycJhonf? Toifwef;rsm;ESifh ydk@csr_qdkif&m ypPnf;rsm;onf &yf&GmpdkufysKd; a&;ESifh
tm[m&"gwf CAN vufppJG mtkyu f kd arG;xkwaf y; cJo
h nf?
ESpfrsm;ausmfvGefoGm;onfESifh tnD CAN vufpGJpmtkyfonf xkwfa0vm&onfhtxd jzpfxGef;
wk;d wufvmonf? xkwv f yk rf E_ iS hf tm[m&"gwf wefz;dk tjrifrh m;qH;k &&Sad p&eftwGuf prf;oyf+yD; cdik v f o
kH nfh
pdu
k yf sK;d a&; enf;ynmrsm;udk rnfuo hJ @kd toH;k ðy&rnfh us,jf yef@onfh yd@k cscsuu f kd ðypkjyifqifxm;onf? Tok@d jzifh
'kuo Q nfrsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f a&$@ajymif; 'kuo Q nfrsm;t=um; ud,k yf idk zf v
l rHk u
_ kd tm;ay;onf? CAN vufppJG mtkyo f nf
oifwef;rSL;;rsm;ESihf y"m%usonfh tydik ;f rsm;udk toH;k ðyolrsm;twGuf tzd;k wefonfh t&if;tjrp‡ f wpfcjk zpfonf?
a';Apftaejzifh CAN vufppJG mtkyt f wGuf u|erf tm; tm[m&"gwf tcef;ukd ðypkay;yg&ef arwWm
&yfcv
H m ygojzifh auseyftm;&pGmjzifh *k%, f rl yd gonf?f u|erf uJo
h @kd ol. vkyif ef;wGif tu|r;f w0if&odS rl sm; wd@k onf
a&$ajymif; 'kuo
Q nfrsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f a&$@ajymif;'kuo Q nfrsm;twGuf pm;eyf&u d mQ zlvaHk &;udk tm;ay;&ef a';Apf.
wm0ef,cl suaf =umifh qufvuf+yD; t}uHay: Ek;d =um;vm=uonf?
Andrea M.Menefee, MPH RD

Nutritionist
Thailand Burma Border Consortium
TvufppJG mtkyEf iS hf pyfvsOf;I

TvufpGJpmtkyfudk pdkufysKd;cif;rsm;ESifh oifwef;rsm;wGif toHk;ðy&eftwGuf v,form;rsm;ESifh
ausmif;ol§om; rsm;twGuf &nf&, G I
f ðypkxm;onf? ‚if;ukd tcef;§8 cef; cGjJ cm;xm;onf? tcef;wkid ;f wGif
acgi;f pOf tawmftwefEiS fh }uD;rm;&Si;f vif;onfh &kyyf rkH sm;jzifh o±kyaf zmfxm;onf? vufppJG mtkyu f kd tprS tqH;k
zwf±a_ vhvmEkid of nf? od@k r[kwf acgi;f pOf wpfcjk cif;pDukd oD;jcm;zwf±_ avhvmE_id o f nf? pmzwforl sm; twGuf
rSwpf rk sm; a&;om;&efEiS hf rdrw
d @kd . a'o A[kow k rsm;udk jznfph uG Ef idk &f ef ae&mvyfrsm; csex
f m;onf?
trnf
wnfae&m
ae‹pJG
CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
tcef; (1) ajrqDvm$
Soil
á ajrqDvm$ trsK;d tpm; 2
Types of Soil
um
á ajrqDvm$ . pH 4
pH of Soil
á ouf&adS jrqDvm$ 6
Living Soil
á ajrqDvm$ . tm[m&"gwrf sm; 8
Soil Nutrients
á rsK;d aphrsm; ysK;d axmif&eftwGuf ajrqDvm$ 14
wd
Soil for Seed Raising
tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm;

Seeds
á rsK;d aphysK;d axmif&efaowWm§cGurf sm; 18
Seed Raising Containers
á iSuaf ysmr#if ysK;d tk;d rsm; 21
rm
Banana Fibre Pots

á rsK;d aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,jf cif;ESihf pkpnf;odr;f qnf;jcif; 23
Selecting and Saving Seeds
á tyiftan‡mufaygujf cif; 28
Germination
tcef; (3) pku
d yf sKd;cif;rsm;wGif
In The Field
á pku
d yf sK;d ajrae&m a&$;cs,jf cif;ESihf tpDtpOfa&;qGjJ cif; 34
Selecting and Planning Sites
á abmifjrifrh sm; 38
Raised Beds
á wl;qG&ef rvkt
d yfaom pku
d af bmifrsm; 40
um
No Dig Beds
á ESpx
f yfabmif 42
Double-Dig Beds
á ajraqG;jcif;abmifrsm; 47
Compost Basket Beds
á puf0idk ;f abmifrsm; 49
Circle Beds
wd
á jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifh pku
d yf sK;d jcif; 52
Container Planting
á ajraqG;wGi;f abmifrsm; 60
Compost Pit Beds
á pku
d yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawm aygi;f pyfpu
dk yf sK;d jcif; 62
Agro-Forestry
rm
á uGew
f pdk u
dk yf sK;d jcif; 70
Contour Planting
á aygi;f pyfpu
dk yf sK;d arG;jrLjcif; 77
Integrated Farms
tcef; (4) oD;ESyH ifrsm; pku

d yf sKd;jcif;
Growing Crops
á a&$Œajymif;pku
d yf sK;d jcif; 80
Transplanting
á oD;n‡ypf u
dk yf sK;d jcif; 84
Inter-cropping
á tvSnu
hf s pku
d yf sK;d jcif; 87
Crop Rotation
á zk;H tkyyf pPn;f 89
Mulch
á a&avmif;jcif; 94
Watering
tcef; (5) ajr-oZmrsm;ESihf zsufq;D wwfaomyk;d r$m;rsm;tm; xdr;f csKyfjcif;
Fertilizers and Pest Control
á wd&p>mefacs; 102
Animal Manure
á tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm 104
Green Manure
á ajr=oZmt&nfrsm; 107
um
Liquid Fertilizer
á ajraqG; 111
Compost
á wDaumifrsm; 120
Earthworms
á ZD0El;d ºuGypPn;f rsm; 123
Bio-Activators
wd
á zsuq f ;D wwfaom yk;d r$m;rsm;tm; obm0tav#muf

ukid w
f ,G af qmif&u
G jf cif; 129
Natural Pest Management
tcef; (6) tyifrsm;

Plants
rm
á tyifrsm;. tpdwt
f ykid ;f rsm; 148
Parts of Plants
á rsK;d yGg;pku
d yf sK;d jcif; 155
Propagation
á tcsKŒd aom tok;H 0ifonft
h yifrsm; 163
Some Useful Plants
á tyiftuGmta0; 170
Plant Spacing
á tyifrsm;. tm[m&"gw/f a&/ pH vkt
d yfcsurf sm; 173
Nutrient, Water and pH Needs of Plants
á tyifrsm;. pH 176
pH of Plants
á tm[m&"gwEf iS hf jynfph o
Hk nfh [if;oD;[if;&Guo
f ;D ESyH ifrsm; 180
Nutritious Vegetables
tcef; (7) tm[m&"gwf
Nutrition
á tpm;tpmESihf tm[m&"gwf 184
Food and Nutrition
á tm[m&"gw/f }uD;xGm;r_EiS hf zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufr_ 197
Nutrition, Growth and Development
á tm[m& csKŒd wJjh cif; 201
um
Malnutrition
á tpm;tpmukd ukid w
f ,
G jf cif;/ okad vSmifjcif;ESihf jyifqifjcif; 208
Handling, Storing and Preparing Foods
tcef; (8) t&if;tjr‡prf sm;

Resources
á cufqpft"dyg` ,f &Si;f vif;csuf 224
wd
Glossary
á uk;d um;onfh pmtkyrf sm; 234
References
rm
1
1
tcef; 1/ ajrqDv$m
ajrqDv$mtrsKd;tpm;rsm;
ajrqDv$m. pH
ouf&SdajrqDv$m
ajrqDv$m. tm[m&"gwfrsm;
rsKd;aphrsm; ysKd;axmif&eftwGuf ajrqDv$m
tcef; 1
ajrqDvm$
ajrqDvmG onf trsL;d tpm;ajrmufrsm;pGm &So d jzifh ‚if;wk@d tm;vk;H ukd az: jyEkid &f ef cufco
J nf? od&&dS ef
ta&;}uD;onft h csurf mS ajrqDvm$ onf j'yftpkid t f cJrsm;/ ouf&±dS yk yf pPn;f (Organic matter) avESihf a&wk@d
jzifh zG@J pnf;wnfaqmufxm;onf? u|Eyfk w f @dk onf Ttcef;wGif j'yftpkid t f cJrsm;ta=umif; ajymqkad qG;aEG;=u
rnfjzpf+yD; em;vnfEidk af omenf; (4)rsK;d jzifh ajrqDvm$ rsm;ta=umif;udk o±kyaf z:a&;om; az: jyxm;jcif;jzpfonf?
j'yftpkid t
f cJrsm;
ajrqDv$mrsm;onf tvGefao;i,faom ausmufrsm;ESifh owWKrsm;wkd@. tpdwftykdif;uav;rsm;
wk@d jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onf? ‚if;wk@d onf ajrqDvm$ . rdbZpfjrpfrsm;jzpfonf? vGecf o hJ nfh ESpaf ygi;f axmifaygi;f
rsm;pGmuyif wdkufpm;jcif;ESifh ouf&SdypPnf;rsm;wkd@onf ausmufrsm;ukd ykdIao;i,fonfh tpdwftykdif;
uav;rsm; (tr_et f r$m;) tjzpf acszsuyf pf=uonf? tr_et f r$m; (tykid ;f tp). t&G,yf rm%ay: rlwnfI
‚if;wkd@ukd oJajr/ Ekef;ajr (okd@r[kwf) &$HŒap;ajr tjzpfcGJjcm;Ekdifonf? rwluGJjym;onfh ajrqDv$mrsm;wGif oJ/
Ekef; okd@r[kwf &$HŒap;yrm% rsm;wkd@onfvnf; uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm yg&Sd=uonf? (pmrsufESm (3)&Sd Z,m;
ukd=unfhyg)
(oJajr) ausmuf ok@d r[kwf owWK tykid ;f tpuav;rsm;wk@d . tcsi;f onf 0³05 rDvrD w
D mESihf 2 rDvrD w
D m
t=um; &Sv
d #if oJajr[kac:onf?
(Eke;f ajr) ausmuf ok@d r[kwf owWKtykid ;f tp uav;rsm;wk@d . tcsi;f onf 0³02 rDvrD w
D mESihf 0³05 rDvrD w
D m
t=um;&Sdv#if Ekef;ajr[kac:onf?
(&$ŒH ap;ajr) ausmuf ok@d r[kwf owWKtykid ;f tp uav;rsm;wk@d . tcsi;f onf 0³02 rDvrD wD m atmufxuf
ao;i,fv#if &$HŒap;ajr[kac:onf?
oJajr ykH (1³1) oJajr
E_ef;ajr ykH (1³2) E_e;f ajr
2 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
ajrqDv$m oJyg0ifr_yrm% *k%ft*Fg&yfrsm;
trsK;d tpm;
oJajr 80μ - 100μ ⋅ t&G,t f pm;}uD;onfh tykid f;tprsm;jzpf+yD; =um;wGif a&ESihf
av ckdatmif;&ef }uD;rm;onfhae&m&Sdonf? 1
⋅ }uD;rm;onfh ae&mvGwrf sm; &So d nfh T ajrqDvm$ rsK;d wGif a&
rsm;tvGef v#ifjrefpGm pdrfhxGufonfukd qkdvkdonf? a&rsm;
qk;H ±_;H oGm;r_EiS t
hf wl ouf&dS ±kyyf pPn;f rsm;ESit
hf wl tm[m&
"gwfrsm;ukd ta0;qDokd@ ,laqmifoGm;onf? tyiftrsKd;tpm;
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf oJajrrsm;wGif jzpfxGef;r_ odyfr&Sdacs?
Eke;f ajr 40μ - 60μ ⋅ avESihf a&twGuf tykid ;f tprsm;ESihf ae&mvGwrf sm;wk@d onf
aumif;rGefpGm [efcsufnDnD wnf&Sdonf?
⋅ ajraqG;rsm;jzifh ºuG,f0onf?
⋅ a&xde;f odr;f xm;Elid rf _ pGr;f &nfjrifrh m;onf?
⋅ tm[m&"gwf xde;f odr;f xm;Elid rf _ pGr;f &nfjrifrh m;onf?
&$HŒap;ajr 20μ atmuf ⋅ t&G,ftpm;i,fonfh tykdif;tpjzpf+yD;/ pdrfhxGufayguf ao;
i,fonf?
⋅ avyg0ifre_ nf;onf?
⋅ a&xde;f odr;f xm;Elid rf _ pGr;f &nf aumif;rGeof nf?
⋅ tm[m&"gwf xde;f odr;f xm;Elid rf _ pGr;f &nf tawmftoifh
&Sdonf?
ajraqG;ajr trsm;tm;jzifh ⋅ tykdif;tp t&G,ftpm;ESifh pdrfhxGufaygufae&m [efcsufnD &Sd
40μ - oJ onf?
40μ - Ekef;ajr ⋅ yGonfh zGJ@pnf;r_&Sdonf?
20μ - &$HŒap;ajr
⋅ avyg0ifr_ jrifhrm;onf?
⋅ a&pdrfhxGufr_ aumif;onf?
⋅ ouf&ydS pPn;f yg0ifr_ tqifrh sm; aumif;rGejf cif;onf tpk"d gwf
ESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm; tvGeaf umif;rGeaf om xde;f odr;f xm;
Eldifr_ukd qkdvkdonf?
&$HŒap;ajr
ykH (1³3) &$ŒH ap;ajr
tcef;(1) ajrqDv$m 3
ajrqDv$m. pH
pH onfajrqDwpfck tcsO"f gwEf iS hf tief"gwrf nfuo
hJ @dk &So
d nfudk wdik ;f wmonfh twkid ;f twmwpfck
jzpfonf? pH pau;ukd 1 rS 14 txd wkid ;f wmonf? 1 onf tcsO"f gwt f rsm;qk;H &S+d yD;/ 14 onf tief"gwf
trsm;qk;H &So
d nf? 7 onf =um;ae trSwjf zpf+yD; tcsO"f gwEf iS hf tief"gwf omwlnrD #r&_ o
dS nf? (atmufygpau;
twkdif; =unfhyg)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tcsOf =um;ae tief
ajrqDvm$ pH onf ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f rnfonft h m[m&"gwrf sm; aysm0f ifvmrnft h ay: tusK;d ouf
a&mufr&_ dS onf? “aysm0f ifEidk af om” qko d nfh pum;vk;H rSm tyiftjr‡prf sm;rS pky, f pl m;ok;H Ekid &f ef tm[m&"gwf
rsm; &&SEd idk o
f nfudk qkv
d o
dk nf? tm[m&"gwt f rsm;pkonf tenf;i,f tcsO"f gw&f o dS nfh tajctae rsm;wGif
aysmf 0 if v m=uonf ? TtcsOf " gwf t enf ; i,f & S d o nf h ajrqD o nf El d u f ó wd * sif " gwf u k d trk d ; eD ; ,m;ok d @
ajymif;vJay;onfh tvGeaf o;i,fveG ;f onfh ouf&t dS zGŒJ tpnf;rsm; twGuf aumif;rGeo f nfh ygw0f ef;usif
wpfckukdvnf; zefwD;ay;onf?
tyif. tr#ifrsm;ukd aqG;ajr‹ap+yD; ajraqG;ðyvkyfonfh bufwD;&D;,m;wkd@onfvnf; tcsOf"gwf
tenf; i,f&Sd onfh tajctaersm;ukd ESpfouf=uonf? oD;ESHyiftrsm;pkonf pH 6³5 rS 7³0 twGif;&Sd
tcsOf"gwf tenf; i,f&Sdonfh ajrqDv$mrsm;ukd ESpfouf=uonf? okd@aomfjim;vnf; ykdrkdaom tcsOf"gwf
ok@d r[kwf ykrd adk om tief"gwu f dk ESpof uf=uonfh tyifrsm;vnf;&So d nf? (tcef;§6 tyifrsm;. pH uk=d unfh
yg)
tu,fI ajrqDv$mwpfck. pH onftvGefcsOfjcif; okd@rt[kwf tvGefiefjcif;rsm; jzpfaeygu
tcsK@d aom tm[m&"gwrf sm;onf raysm0f ifEidk o f jzifh tyifrsm;. tjr‡prf sm;rS pkw, f l pm;ok;H Ekid jf cif; rðyvkyEf idk f
acs? tcsK@d aom tm[m&"gwrf sm;onf Ttajctaersm;wGif ykrd adk ysm0f if+yD; ajrqDvm$ twGi;f tqdyt f wkid ;f
twmt xd a&muf&EdS idk o f nf? tvGecf sOjf cif; ok@d r[kwf tvGeif efonfh tajcaersm;onf ajrqDvm$ twGi;f &Sd
tvGef ao;i,fveG ;f onfh ouf&t dS zG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf ‚if;wk@d . Eku
d xf ±k*d si"f gwu
f dk ajymif;vJay;jcif;ESihf ouf&dS
±kyfºuGif; ypPnf;rsm; ajczsufaqG;jrnfhaponfh pGrf;&nfwkd@ukdvnf; xdckdufaponf?
ajrqDvm$ . pH ukd wkid ;f wmjcif;

ajrqDvm$ pH prf;oyfppfaq;&ef ud&d,m wefqmyvmrsm;ESifh pufrsm;ukd 0,f,l&efjzpfEkdifonf?
ok@d aomf xk;H pHt& ‚if;ypPn;f rsm;onf tuketf usrsm;onf? tcsK@d aom ae&mrsm;wGif tpk;d &pku
d yf sK;d a&;t&m&Sd
rsm;onf v,form;rsm;twGuf ajrqDrsm;ukd prf;oyfppfaq;ay;Ekdifonf? taumif;qkH;enf;wpfckrSm
ajrqDv$m. pH ukd &&SdEkdif&eftwGuf oifha'ow0kduf&Sd touft&G,fykdrkd}uD;aom v,form;rsm;udk
ar;jref;&ef toifah wmfq;Hk jzpf onf? a,bk,stm;jzifh ajrqDvm$ ukd prf;oyf&mwGif csOyf gu aumif;rGeo f nfh
oD;ESHyiftrsm;tjym;ukd pkdufysKd;&ef tcsOf"gwftvGefrsm;+yD;/ ajrqDv$monf cg;ygu rdrdtvkd&SdonfhtxGuf
wkd;jr‡ifh&&Sda&;txGuf tief"gwftvGefrsm; onf?
4 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
ajrqDvm$ pH ukd ajymif;vJay;jcif;
ajrqDvm$ tm; =um;ae ok@d r[kwf tenf;i,fcsOo f nfh pH trSwwf iG f xde;f odr;f xm;jcif;onf ajrqD.
usef;rma&;ESifh ajrqD=oZm xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&mwGif ta&;}uD;onfh tykdif;wpfykdif;jzpfonf? tu,fI
u|Eyfk w
f @dk . ajrqDonf tvGecf sOo
f nf ok@d r[kwf tvGeif efonf[k ,k=H unf&ygu ‚if;ukd wk;d wufaumif;rGev f m 1
atmif ðyvkyf&ef enf;vrf;rsm; tawmftwef&Sdonf?
ajrqDv$m. pH
ajrqDvm$ tcsOf"gwf
}ud w f x m;onf h xk H ; ausmuf / 'k d v d k r k d u f a usmuf / opf o m;jym/ ok d @ r[k w f OcG H E S i f h c±k c G H r sm;uk d
jznfhpGufay;jcif; jzifh ‚if;ukd avsmhusapEkdifonf?
ajrqDvm$ tief"gwf
ouf&dS ±kyºf uGi;f ypPn;f rsm;ukd jznfph u
G af y;jcif;jzifh ‚if;ukd avsmch sEidk o
f nf? tb,fa=umifq
h adk omf ouf&dS
±kyfºuGif;ypPnf;rsm;wGif tcsOf"gwfypPnf; yg&Sd+yD;/ aqG;jrnfhpOf tcsOf"gwfrsm;ukd xkwfvkyfonf? tcsOf"gwfukd
jr‡iwhf ifay;&eftwGuf uef@"gwu f vdk nf; ajrqDvm$ ok@d jznfph u G af y;Ekid o
f nf?
rSwfpkrsm;
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tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 5

ouf&SdajrqDv$m
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
tcef;(1) ajrqDvm$ trsK;d tpm;wGif u|Eyfk w f @dk avhvmxm;ouJo
h @dk ajrqDvm$ onf tpkid t f cJrsm;/
ouf&±dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;/ avESihf a&wk@d jzifh zG@J pnf;xm;onf? Ttcef;wGif u|Eyfk w
f @dk ouf&dS ±kyyf pPn;f ta=umif;
ajymqkd aqG;aEG;=urnf?
ouf & S d ± k y f y pP n f ;
ouf&Sd±kyfypPnf; qkdonfrSm ouf&Sdxif&Sm; &Sdaeonfh okd@r[kwf wcsdefu touf&Sifv#uf&Sdonfh
rnfonfh ypPn;f ukrd qkd qkv d o
dk nf? ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f aºuGusonfh opf&uG rf sm;/ tyif. tjr‡prf sm;/ opfacgu/f
wDaumifrsm;/ ykd;r$m;rsm;/ r_drsm;/ pdrf;jyma&!‡drsm;/ bufwD;&D;,m;ESifh tjcm;aom ypPnf;trsm;tjym;wkd@udk
qkdvkdEkdifonf? ouf&Sd ±kyfypPnf; trsKd;tpm; tm;vkH;wkd@onf u|Ekfyfwkd@. ajrqDv$m &SifoefEldif&eftwGuf
twlwuG yl;aygif;vkyfukdif aqmif&Guf=uonf?
aqG ; jrnf h o H o &m

tyifrsm;ESifh wd&p>mefrsm; aoqkH;oGm;onfhtcg aqG;jrnfhjcif; jzpfpOfrSwqifh ajrqDv$mtwGif;odk@
jyef v nf a &muf & S d o G m ;onf ? aqG ; jrnf h j cif ; onf a&/ tyl E S i f h ZD 0 tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm;rS ypP n f ; rsm;tm;
tvGefao;i,fonfh tykdif;tpuav;rsm;okd@ acszsufay;onfh vkyfenf;pOfwckjzpfonf? ajrqDv$mxJwGif
ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm; jzpf=uaom y&Guq f w
d rf sm;/ wif;ykwrf sm;/ yk;d eDoefaumifrsm;/ oHaumifrsm;/ bufw;D &D;,m;ESihf
r_w
d @dk onf aoqk;H aqG;jrnfo h nfh tyif. tr#irf sm;ESihf tjcm;aom ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wk@d udk pm;ok;H =uonf?
‚if;wkd@ pm;okH;pOfwGif ay:vmonfh ao;i,f±kd;&Sif;aom tpdwftykdif;uav;rsm;onf tjcm;aom ZD0tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm; tokH;ðyEldif&eftwGuf jzpfvmonf?
Oyrm opfyifwpfyifay:rS aºuGusvmonfh opf&Gufwpf&Guf jzpfonf? ajr}uD;ay:wGif &Sdonfh
wif;ykwfwpfaumifonf opf&GuftcsKd@ukd pm;okH;onf? wif;ykwfonf rpifpGef@+yD;/ ajrqDv$mtwGif;&Sd
bufw;D &D;,m;rsm;onf wif;ykw. f rpiftcsK@d ukd pm;ok;H onf? ajrqDvm$ twGi;f a&$@v#m; oGm;vmaeonfh
wDaumifonf bufwD;&D;,m;. rpiftcsKd@ukd pm;okH;onf? t&GufaºuGusr_a=umifh t&Guf qkH;±_H;oGm;onfh
opfyifonf qufvuf}uD;xGm;r_twGuf ‚if;vkdtyfonfh tm[m&"gwfyg0ifonfh wDaumif. rpifudk
pm;okH;=uonf? Tenf;jzifh rsm;jym;onfh ZD0tzGJ@tpnf;rS ZD0±kyfypPnf;rsm;ukd rnfuJhokd@ a0iS+yD; jyefvnf
tok;H ðy=uonfudk u|Eyfk w f @dk awG@jrifo&d EdS idk o
f nf? use;f rmonfh ouf&adS jrqDvm$ wpfcw k iG f rnfonft h &mr#
avvGifhqkH;±_H;r_r&Sdacs?
6 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
1
ouf&SdajrqDv$m
rSwfpkrsm;
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ajrqDv$m.tm[m&"gwfrsm;
tyifrsm;onf touf&Sifv#uf&Sdonfh ouf&SdtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; jzpfonf?
ouf&tdS zG@J pnf; tm;vk;H wk@d onf -
⋅ ‚if;wk@d aexkid &f eftwGuf ae&mwpfcu k kd &SmazGjcif;ESihf xde;f odr;f jcif;?
⋅ tpma&pmrsm;ukd pkaqmif;jcif;?
⋅ tjcm;aom ouf&t dS zG@J tpnf;rsm;wk@d EiS hf ,Ofòydijf cif;?
⋅ &eforl sm;ukd wku d wf u dk w
f eG ;f vSejf cif;?
⋅ yk;d r$m;rsm;ESihf a&m*grsm;ukd ckcjH cif;?
⋅ rsK;d qufopfrsm; zefw;D &eftwGuf rsK;d qufayguzf gG ;jcif;?
Tt&mrsm;uk d atmif j rif p G m ðyvk y f E k d i f & ef t wG u f ouf & S d ZD0 tzG J @ tpnf ; tm;vk H ; wk d @ onf
usef;rm&SifoefpGm aexkdifoGm;Ekdif&eftwGuf aumif;rGefonfh tm[m&"gwf vkdtyfonf? wd&p>mefrsm;onf
aumif;rGe+f yD; tm[m&"gwEf iS fh jynfph o
Hk nfh tpm;tpmrsm; vkt d yfouJo
h @dk tyifrsm;onfvnf; aumif;rGe+f yD;
tm[m&"gwEf iS hf jynfph o
Hk nfh ajrqDvm$ vkt d yfonf? Ttcef;wGif u|Eyfk w f @dk onf tyifrsm; use;f rm&Sio f efpmG
aexkdifoGm;Ekdif&ef vkdtyfonfh tm[m&"gwfrsm;ukd aocsmpGm qef;ppfoGm;rnf?
tyifrsm;rS vkt
d yfonfh tm[m&"gwrf sm;. [efcsun
f t
D csK;d
t"dutm[m&"gwfrsm;
1 E_u
d óf xd*si"f gwf (N) 1³5 μ
2 jym"gwf (K) 1³5 μ
3 rD;pke;f "gwf (P) 0³2 μ
4 r*~epD , D "H gwf (Mg) 0³2 μ
5 xk;H "gwf (Ca) 0³2 μ
6 uef@"gwf (S) 0³2 μ
omrmeftm[m&"gwfrsm;
7 uvk&d if;"gwf (Cl) 0³1 μ
8 oH"gwf (Fe) 0³01 μ
9 rif;*epf"gwf (Mn) 0³01 μ
10 oGy"f gwf (Zn) 0³004 μ
11 bk±d e$ "f gwf (B) 0³003 μ
12 a=u;eD"gwf (Cu) 0³0003 μ
13 rkv
d pf'ifeef"gwf (Mo) 0³00015 μ
8 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
t"dutm[m&"gwfrsm; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; csKd@wJhr_vuQ%mrsm;
Eku
d óf wd*si"f gwf (N) ⋅ t&GuEf iS hf yifpnf}uD;xGm;r_ukd jr‡iw hf if ⋅ &ifhaom t&GufESifh wcgw&H t&Guf
ay;+yD; tyifrsm;tm; tpdr;f &ifah &mif opfrsm;onf jzLzwfjzLa&mf ok@d r[kwf
jzpfapygonf? t0ga&mifokd@ ajymif;vJoGm;onf? 1
⋅ rD;pke;f "gwEf iS hf jym"gwof ;Hk pGrJ _ pepfwus ⋅ óuHvtDS m;aysmo h nfh }uD;xGm;r_?
jzpfatmif n‡ad y;yg? ⋅ toD;oD;csed w f iG f Ekud óf wd*si"f gwf csK@d whJ
⋅ tyifrsm;tm; ykd;r$m;rsm;ESifh tem r_onf jzpf±;dk jzpfpOf jzpfEidk o f nf?
a&m*g wkd@rS tvG,fwul wkdufckduf ⋅ oJajrrsm;ESihf rk;d a&csed vf ufr jr‡irhf m;
zsuq f ;D / ul;pufEidk rf u
_ dk avsmeh nf;ap onfh ae&m&Sd tcsK@d aom ajrqDvm$ rsm;
onf? wGif xk;H pHt& Eku d óf wd*si"f gwf odyrf &Sd
⋅ tcsK@d aom tyifrsm;. y±kw d ed ;f "gwf acs?
yg0ifru _ dk jr‡iw
hf ifay;onf?
jym"gwf (K) ⋅ tyifrsm; tema&m*g'%frsm;ukd ckcH ⋅ atmufajcykid ;f t&Gurf sm;wGif tuGu/f

umuG,fEkdifr_ pGrf;tm;ukd jr‡ifhwif tajymufrsm; &Sd+yD; wGef@vdrfaeonf?
ay;onf? t&Guftem;om;rsm;onf rD;avmif
⋅ tyifwkd@. ±kd;wHESifh yifpnfrsm;ukd u|r;f +yD;ouJo h @dk wlaeonf?
awmifhwif; ckdifrmaponf? ⋅ tyif . yif p nf o nf csnf h e J @ ae+yD ;
⋅ t&Gufrsm;wGif&Sdaom tpm;tpm vG,u f pl mG auG;,lI&onf?
rsm;tm; tjr‡pfokd@ a&mufatmif ykd@ ⋅ toD;onf ao;i,f+yD;/ aoG@ajcmuf
aqmifay;&mwGif tultnDay;onf? wGe@f vrd f aeonf?
⋅ aqmif;&moD'%fESifh rkd;acgifr_/ '%f ⋅ tyifonf tema&m*gEiS hf yk;d r$m;rsm;
cHEkdif&nf &Sdr_ukd zef;wD;ay;onf? . pGu J yf/ wku d cf u dk rf '_ %fudk t}uD;t
⋅ taphrsm; jynfhòzd;r_ESifhtoD;oD;onfh us,f cHpm;ae&onf?
tyifrsm;ESihf Oonft h yifw@dk . }uD;
xGm; r_udk jr‡iw hf ifay;onf?
rD;pkef;"gwf (P) ⋅ tyifrsm;tm; rk;d acgiaf &&Sm;'%fudk ykrd dk ⋅ t&Guf rsm;. ta&mifonf azsmah e+yD;/
cHEidk &f nf&adS p+yD; }uHŒckid af ponf? tem;om;rsm; 0gaeonfukd awG@&
⋅tyifrsm;tm;vsifjrefpGm&ifhrSnfhap onf?
onf? ⋅ t&Gufrsm;. atmufrsufESmjyifESifh
⋅ rsK;d aphrsm;ESihf toD;rsm; atmifjrifjzpf yifpnfrsm;wGif c&rf;a&mifta&mif&Sd
xGe;f r_udk ulnaD y;onf? onf?
⋅ yJ y if r sm; &S i f o ef } uD ; xG m ;r_ u k d ⋅ tyifrsm;onf tyGiyhf iG jhf cif;ESihf toD;
jr‡ i f h w if a y; +yD ; / yJ y if t jr‡ p f r sm;. oD;jcif;rsm; aumif;pGm rðyvkyaf cs?
tzk t vk H ; av;rsm; jzpf x G e f ; r_ u k d
ulnaD y;onf?
⋅ tjrpfrsm;jzpfxeG ;f r_udk Ek;d ºuGaponf?
r*~epD ,
D "H gwf (Mg) ⋅ tyifrsm; tpdrf;a&mif"gwf jzpfaom ⋅ tEG , f r sm;=um;&S d t&G u f r sm;onf
uvkd±kdzD; (Cholorophyll) "gwfwnf azsmh ae+yD; c&rf;a&mif okd@r[kwf
aqmuf&m wGit f ultnD ay;onf? teDa&mif &SdEkdifonf? ‚if;wkd@onf
⋅ Ek d u f ó wd * sif " gwf / rD ; pk e f ; "gwf E S i f h yg;v$ m I wG e f @ vd r f + yD ; vG , f u l p G m
uef@"gwf wkd@ukd pkwf,lEkdif&eftwGuf ysufpD;Eldifonf?
ta&;}uD; onf? ⋅ opfyifrsm;ay:&Sd tukid ;f i,frsm;onf
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f a&yg0ifr_ twkid ;f t csnehf @J ae+yD; t!kad &mif tuGurf sm;
wmudk xde;f csKyf&mwGif tultnDay; &So
d nf?
onf?
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f y±kw d ed ;f "gwf zG@J pnf;
wnfaqmufr_ vkyif ef;pOfwiG f
tok;H ðy onf?
xk;H "gwf (Ca) ⋅ tyifrsm; Eku d óf wd*si"f gwf xkw, f o l ;Hk pGJ ⋅ t&Gurf sm; wGe@f vrd I f auG;!$waf e+yD;/
Ekid &f eftwGuf vkt d yfonf? tpOftvm r[kwo f nfh pdr;f eufa&mif
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f y±kw d ed ;f "gwf zG@J pnf; &SEd idk o
f nf?
wnfaqmufr_ vkyif ef;pOfwiG f tok;H òy ⋅ tyGirhf sm;ESihf toD;wk@d . tzl;rsm;onf
onf? aumif;rGefpGm zGH@òzd;r_r&SdbJ apmpD;pGm
⋅ tyifrsm; &ifrh n S ahf pjcif;ESihf taphxw k f aºuGusonf?
vky&f mwGif aumif;rGeo f nft h wkid ;f t ⋅ tyif. yifpnfonf csnfheJ@ae+yD;/
wmrsm; &&Sv d map&ef tultnD ay; vG,u f pl mG auG;,lEidk o
f nf?
onf? ⋅ tyif. tjr‡pfrsm;onf ykHrSeftwkdif;
zG@J òzd;r_ r&Sad cs?
uef@"gwf (S) ⋅ ‚if;onf y±kw d ed ;f "gwrf sm;ESihf ADwmrif ⋅ txl;ojzifh topf}uD;xGm;p t&Guf
"gwrf sm; twGuf ta&;}uD;onf? rsm;onf azsmoh nft
h a&mif ok@d r[kwf
⋅ tyifrsm;onf ykw d ufp, D "H gw/f oH"gw/f t0ga&mif&o
dfS nf?
xkH;"gwfESifh r*~eDpD,H"gwf uJhokd@aom
tm[m&"gwrf sm;ukd pkw, f pl m;ok;H &m
wGif tultnDay;onf?
10 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
omrmefftm[m&"gwfrsm; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm; csKd@wJhr_vuQ%mrsm;
uvk&d if;"gwf (Cl) ⋅ tyifrsm;tvif;a&mifukd tokH;ðy+yD; ⋅ tjr‡p}f uD;xGm;r_ukd tuef@towfjzpf

tpmcsu&f mwGif ta&;}uD;onf? aponf?
⋅ t&Gufrsm; ta&mif!kdvm+yD; !kd;EGrf;
1
aoqkH;oGm;onf?
oH"gwf (Fe) ⋅ tyifrsm;tm; tpdr;f &ifah &mifay;onf? ⋅ tzsm;ykdif;rSpI t!$ef@ESifh xdyfzsm;
tb,f a =umif h qk d a omf ‚if ; uk d opfrsm; aoa=uaºuGusonf?
uvkd±kdzD;"gwf zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmuf&m ⋅ t&Gufrsm; ta&mifazsmh+yD; tjynfh
wGif tok;H ðyonf? t0 zG@H òzd;r_ r&Sad cs?
⋅ tyifrsm;twGif; atmufpD*sif"gwf ⋅ tukid ;f i,frsm; aoa=uaºuu G sonf?
o,faqmifay;&mwGif vkt d yfonf? okd@r[kwf t!kda&mif tuGufrsm;&Sd
onf?
⋅ toD;rsm; csOo f nft h &om&SEd idk o
f nf
(=uufoGefeDrsm; tvGefaysmhonf)?
rif;*epf (Mn) ⋅ tyifrsm; uvk±d zdk ;D "gwu f dk zG@J pnf;wnf ⋅ t&Gurf sm; ta&mifysuv f m+yD;tok;H
aqmuf&mwGif tultnDay;onf? r0ifonfh tuGuf tajymuf rsm;
⋅ ADwmrif"gwrf sm; zG@J pnf;wnfaqmuf &Sdonf?
&mwGif tok;H òyonf? ⋅ tzl;rsm; ykrH eS f zG@òH zd;r_r&Sb
d J apmpD;pGm
⋅ tyifrsm; Ekdufówd*sif"gwfESifh umAkd aºuGusonf?
d +f 'dwf "gwrf sm; ok;H pG&J mwGif tul ⋅ tukdif;i,frsm; aoa=uaºuGusjcif;
[ku
tnDay;onf? ok@d r[kwf tnkad &mif tuGuf &Sjd cif;?
oGy"f gwf (Zn) ⋅ taphrsm; xkwv f yk &f mwGif ta&;}uD; ⋅ t&Guaf [mif;ESihf wcgw&H t&Guo f pf
onf? rsm; azsmhonfh ta&mif okd@r[kwf
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f y±kw d ed ;f "gwf zG@J pnf; t0ga&mifo@dk ajymif;oGm;+yD; t&Gu. f
wnfaqmufr_ vkyif ef;pOfwiG f tok;H òy tem;om;rsm;vdrhf aeonf?
onf? ⋅ óuHvt DS m;aysmo h nfh }uD;xGm;r_?
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f a&yg0ifr_ twkid ;f t ⋅ oGy"f gwf vkaH vmufr_ r&Sv d #if yJyif
wmukd xde;f csKyf&mwGif tultnDay; rsm; twGi;f Eku d óf wd*si"f gwf jznfph nf;
onf? ay;r_ ukd xdcudk f apEkid o
f nf?

bk&d eG "f gwf (B) ⋅ tjr‡prf sm; zG@H òzd;}uD;xGm;r_EiS hf toD;ESihf ⋅ t&Gufrsm; t0ga&mifokd@ ajymif;vJ
taphrsm; zG@J pnf;wnfaqmufrr_ sm; t oGm;aomfvnf; }uD;rm;onfh EG,rf sm;
wGuf ta&;}uD;onf? pdrf;v#uf&Sdonf?
⋅ tyif r sm;twG i f ; a&rsm;uk d ⋅ yifpnfrsm; wk+d yD;ydeof nf?
f jl cif;ESihf o,f,yl @dk aqmifjcif;rsm; ⋅ bk&d eG f csK@d wjhJ cif;onf tjcm;aom
pky,
tjyif/ aumf"gwEf iS hf o=um;"gwrf sm; tm[m& "gwrf sm;ukd pky, f l ok;H pGEJ idk f
o,f , l y k d @ aqmif a y;&mwG i f v nf ; onfh tyifrsm;. pGr;f &nfuadk vsmeh nf;
ta&;}uD;onf? aponf?
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f y±kw d ed ;f "gwzf @JG pnf;
wnfaqmufrv _ yk if ef;pOfwiG f tok;H
ðyonf?
a=u;eD"gwf (Cu) ⋅ tyifrsm; uvkd±kdzD;"gwf zGJ@pnf;wnf ⋅ t&GuEf rk sm; tuGut f ajymufrsm;&S+d yD;
aqmufjcif;ESifh aea&mifjcnfrS tpm aoa=uaºuGusonf?
csujf cif;wk@d udk aqmif&u f ul ⋅ tyifESifh toD;}uD;xGm;r_ tvGefaES;
G &f mwGit
tnDay;onf? auG;onf?
⋅ oH"gwfpkyf,lokH;pGJ&mwGif ta&;}uD; ⋅ c&rf;csOyf if rsm;wGif t&Gurf sm;ESihf
onf? yifpnfrsm; pdr;f jyma&mif ay:vm
Ekid o
f nf?
rkdvpf'ifeef"gwf (Mo) ⋅ tjr‡pfywfvnf&Sd bufwD;&D;,m;rsm; ⋅ t&Gurf sm;xlI wGe@f vrd af e+yD;/

avxJrS Eku
d óf wd*si"f gwu
f kd &,lordk ;DS &m vG,u f l pGm ysupf ;D Ekid o
f nf?
wGif vkt
d yfonf? ⋅ tzl;rsm; apmpD;pGm aoqk;H onf?
⋅ tyifrsm;twGi;f y±k;d wde;f "gwzf @JG pnf; ⋅ yifpnfrsm; wko d nf?
wnfaqmufr_ vkyif ef;pOfwiG f tok;H ⋅ toD;rsm;ESihf tjr‡prf sm;. ta&mifrsm;
ðyonf? ysufoGm;I xl;qef;onfh ykHo¾mef
rsm;&S+d yD; tufa=umif;rsm;&SEd idk o f nf?
⋅ rkdvpf'ifeef"gwf rvkHavmufr_a=umifh
yJrsm;rS Eku d óf wd*si"f gw&f ,l okrd ;DS jcif;ukd
xdcu dk af pEkid of nf?
12 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
rSwfpkrsm;
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rsKd;aphrsm;ysKd;axmif&eftwGuf ajrqDv$m
rsKd ; aph r sm;twG u f a jrqD v $ m
rsKd;aphrsm; tyifta!‡mufayguf aumif;ap&efESifh usef;rm oefpGrf;onfh tyifaygufuav;rsm;
&&SdEdkifap &eftwGuf aumif;rGef+yD; usef;rm}uH@cdkifaom ajrqDv$monf tvGef ta&;}uD;onf? rsKd;aph
rsm;twGuf ajrqD v$mwGif av/ a&/ ouf&dS &kyyf pPn;f rsm;ESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm; r#w aumif;rGepf mG [efcsuf
nDnD yg0if&rnf? Ttcef;wGifu|efyfwk@donf aumif;rGefonfh rsKd;aphrsm;twGuf ajrqDv$mudk rnfuJhodk@
ðyvkyo f nfukd ajymqdak qG; aEG;=urnf?
a&$Œajymif; pdu k yf sK;d &rnfh tyifayguu
f av;rsm;udk ysK;d axmifonft h cg tvGet f a&;}uD;onfrmS ‚if;wd@k
udk }uH@cikd rf &_ +dS yD; use;f rmpGm ðypkxm;&S&d ef jzpfonf? }uH@cikd o f nfh a&$@ajymif;yifrsm;onf oD;ESx H uG f &Srd u _ kd wd;k jrifh
apvdrrhf nf? rsK;d aphabmifrsm;twGuf a&mpyfxm;aom aumif;rGeo f nfh ajrqDvm$ onf oJ (1) q ESihf tay:
,HajrqDv$m (3)q jzpfonf? tu,fI ajraqG; odk@r[kwf aumif;rGefpGm aqG;jrnfhonfh wd&p>mefacs;rsm;
&&SdEkdif ygu a&mpyfay;jcif; odk@r[kwf rsKd;aphrsm;tay: jzef@csuf csay;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfoifhonf?
a&$@ajymif; pdu k yf sKd ;ay;&rnfh tyifayguu f av;rsm;. taphukd aumif;rGepf mG jyifqifxm;+yD; wd&p>mefacs;
od@k r[kwf ajraqG;rsm; jznfph u G x
f m;onfh rsK;d aphabmifrsm;wGiv f nf; rsK;d aphcs pdu
k yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? xH;k pHt& rsKd ;aph
abmifrsm;udt k us,f 1³2rDwm (4 ay ) ESihf t&Snu f kd vkt
d yfovkd ðyvkyx f m;oifo h nf? taphrsm;udk twef;t
uGmta0; 10-15 pifwrD w D m (4-6vufr) tuGmwGif abmiftus,u f kd jzwfI rsKd ;aphcs pdu k yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf?
ypP n f ; rsm;
• 2 q ajraqG; ok@d r[kwf qefcgcsonfEh mG ; od@k r[kwf u|aJ cs;/

• 1 q aumif;rGeo f nfh opfawmwGi;f ok@d r[kwf O,smOf tay:,HajrqDvm$ /
• 1q pyg;cGHrsm;/ v$pmr_ef@/ }udwfxm;onfhrD;aoG;/ odk@r[kwf }udwfxm;onfhopf&Gufajcmufrsm;/
ykH (3) rsK;d aphrsm;twGuf ajrqDvm$

14 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) yg0ifonfh ypPn;f rsm;udk pkaqmif+yD;/ rd;k a&ESihf jyif;xefonfh avwd@k rS umuG,x f m;onfh ae&m wGicf sxm;yg?
(2) tu,fI uGseyf w f @kd onf EGm; ok@d r[kwf uGsaJ cs;ajcmufrsm;udk tok;H ðyv#if ‚if;wd@k ukd jcif; ok@d r[kwf qefcgjzifh
qefcgcs ppf,&l efvt dk yfrnf? ppf,o
tcif;rsm;jzifh aocsmpGm cif;xm;yg?
l nfyh pPn;f rsm;ukd cH,x l m;&eftwGuf t0wfpa[mif; ok@d r[kwf yvyfpwpf 1
(3) yg0ifonfh ypPn;f rsm;tm;vk;kH ukd td;k cGuf wpfcck w k iG ‚f if;/ t0wfp od@k r[kwf yvyfpwpf tcif;ay:wGi‚f if;/
rsKd;aphrsm;ysKd;axmif&eftwGuf ajrqDv$m
ES@H pyfatmifar$yg?
(4) aeom;wus jzpfatmif wem&D=um xm;&Syd g?
(5) ajrqDvm$ ukd rsKd ;aphysKd ;aowWmxJ jznfx h nfyh g?
(6) a&ukd rsKd ;aphabmifay:od@k avmif;csvu kd yf g? a&rsm;ajrqDvm$ rS aumif;rGepf mG pdrx
hf u
G v
f monfukd awG@jrifEikd f
&efppfaq;yg?
(7) rsK;d aph rpdu
k yf sK;d rD 24 em&Dapmifq h ikd ;f yg?
rSwcf suf
ysKd ;aowWmudk jznfjh yD;aemuf tcsKd @aom vlrsm;onf ajrqDvm$ ay:ok@d qlyu G af eaom a&jzifh avmif;
csonf? (yHk - 4) Tok@d ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh rsKd ;aphrsm;ukd tE &W m,fay;Ekid o
f nfh yd;k r$m;rsm;ESihf tcsKd @aom a&m*gy;kd rsm;udk
aoa=uapvdrrhf nf? qlyu G af eonfh a&onfvnf; tusK;d ðy ouf&t dS z@tJG pnf; aoa=uapEkid o f jzif/h oif.
ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f ,cif ESprf sm;twGi;f pk;d &drzf , G af umif;aom yd;k r$m;rsm; jy\emESihf }uHKawG@aecJ&h rSom Tenf;udk
toH;k ðy&ef t}uHðyonf?

rSwfpkrsm;
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16 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
2
2
tcef; 2/ rsKd;aphrsm;
rsKd;aphysKd;axmif&ef aowWm§cGufrsm;
iSufaysmr#ifysKd;tkd;rsm;
rsKd;aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh pkpnf;odrf;qnf;jcif;
tyiftan‡mufaygufjcif;
tcef; 17
rsKd;aphysKd;axmifjcif;
tyifrsm;. tapmqHk;tqifh}uD;xGm;r_onf aemiftem*gwftwGuf rnfodk@ rnfyHk aumif;rGefpGm
}uD;xGm;&Siu f sef rnfukd tqH;k tjzwf ay;onf? use;f rmoefprG ;f onfh tyifEu k av;rsm;onf aumif;rGeo f nfh
txGu G Ef ek ;f rsm;ESihf twluse;f rm &ifrh n S hf onfh tyifrsm;jzpfvm&ef ydrk akd umif;rGeo f nfh tcGit hf vrf;rsm;&Sod nf?
rsK;d aphysK;d abmifEiS hf aowWmrsm;onf use;f rm }uHŒcdik o f nfh tyifayguu f av;rsm;. &Sio f efrt
_ cGit hf vrf;udk
jrifw h ifay;&eftwGuf tvif;a&mif/ tylcsed Ef iS hf tpd"k gww f @kd . yrm%udk xde;f csKyfEikd &f ef taxmuftulay;onf?
tyiftrsK;d tpm; trsm;tjym;udk pdu k u f iG ;f od@k r[kwf O,sOo f @kd a&GŒajymif; pdu k yf sK;d jcif; rðyrD vHak vmufpmG
&ifrh nS ohf nft h xd rsK;d aphysK;d abmifrsm; od@k r[kwf aowWmrsm;wGif pdu k yf sK;d xm;&SEd ikd of nf?
rsKd;aphabmifrsm;
rsK;d aphysK;d abmifrsm;onf O,smOfwiG ;f &Sd pdu
k yf sK;d abmifrsm;jzpf+yD;/ a&GŒajymif;pdu
k yf sK;d ay;&rnfh tyifayguf
uav;rsm; ysK;d axmif&ef txl;ðyjyifay;xm;onf? taumif;qH;k rSm oJ wpfqESihf tay:,HajrqDvm$ oH;k qudk
ajrqD=oZm wd;k wuf aumif; rGev f map&ef twGuf ajraqG; od@k r[kwf aumif;rGepf mG aqG;jrnfo h nfh wd&p>mefacs;
a&mxm;onfh ajrqDvm$ jzpfonf? (tcef;§1 ud=k unfyh g?)
rsK;d aphysK;d abmifrsm;onf ‚if;wd@k ukd vG,v
f ifwh ul *&kwpdu k ðf ypkEikd &f eftwGuf tdrt f eD;wGif ðyvkyx f m;v#if
t aumif;qH;k jzpf+yD;/ rvdt k yfbJ ajrqDvm$ ay:od@k av#mufEiS ;f jcif; rðyvkyEf ikd &f ef tus,u f kd wpfrw
D mxuf
ausmv f eG I
f rðyvkyf oifah cs?
rsKd;aphaowWm
rsKd;aphaowWmwpfckonf rsKd;aphrsm;ðypkysKd;axmif&eftwGuf txl;aowWmwpfckjzpfonf? xHk;pHt&
rsKd;aphaowWm wpfckwGif tan‡mufazguf&efESifh tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk ðypk&ef ydkrdkvG,fulonf?
ykH (5) rsK;d aphaowWm

18 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
yHk (5) wGif yg&Sdonfh rsKd;aphaowWmonf yljyif;onfh aea&mifjcnfESifh onf;xefonfh rkd;a&rS
tumtuG,f ay;Edkif+yD; tvG,fwul zHk;tkyfEdkifonfh tzHk;yg&Sdonf? rsKd;aphaowWm. atmufcHydkif;udk
cGx
J m;aom 0g;jcrf;rsm; jzifh ðyvkyx f m;onf? tqdyk g 0g;jcrf;rsm;=um;&Sd [aeaom uGuv f yfrS wqifah owWmrS
a&rsm;tvG,w f ul pdrx hf u
G o
f mG ;vdrhf rnf? [aeaom uGuv f yf rSwqifh ajrqDrsm; atmufo@kd rusqif;oGm;Edik &f ef 2
atmufcHtydkif;udk aumuf&dk; odk@r[kwf jrufajcmufrsm;jzifh zHk;tkyfxm;onf? tyifaygufuav;rsm;
vHkavmufaom ajrqDv$mwGif aumif;pGm tjr‡pfrsm; zGH@òzdk;}uD;xGm;Edkif&ef rsKd;aphaowWm. teufonf 8 -
10 pifwDrDwmcef@ &Sdonf? us,fjyef@aom [if;oD;[if;&Guf O,smOfwpfcktwGuf rsKd;aphysKd; aowWmwpfck.
t&G,t f pm;onf 0.5 x 1.0 rDwm&Syd gu vHak vmufr&_ o dS nf?
rsK;d aphaowWmrsm;udk ajr}uD;ay:rS ydrk jkd rifah om ae&mwGif xm;&Syd gu ydrk akd umif;rGeo f nf? Tod@k xm;&Sjd cif;
jzifh u|Eyfl wf @kd . rsK;d aphrsm;udk ysupf ;D apEdil o
f nfh rdr_ sm;udk xde;f csKyf&ef vG,u
f al ponf? rsK;d aphysK;d aowWm rsm;udk
pm;yGJ od@k r[kwf pifrsm;ay:wGif wifxm;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;/ opfyifrsm;ay:wGif csw d q
f x
JG m;jcif;jzifvh nf;aumif;
xm;&SEd ild o
f nf? tu,fI rsK;d aphysK;d aowWmrsm;. atmufajcwdik rf sm;udk a&jznfx h m;onfh cGurf sm;xJwiG f xnfoh iG ;f
xm;ygu yk&u G qf w
d rf sm; aowWm ay:od@k wG,w f ufjcif;ESihf taphrsm;udk pm;oH;k jcif;rS [ef@wm;Edil rf nf?
tjcm;aom rsKd;aphysKd;aowWm trsKd;tpm;rsm;

u|Eydl wf @kd onf rsK;d aphaowWm wpfcu k kd ðyvky&f eftwGuf ypPn;f ud&,
d mrsm; od@k r[kwf ae&mr&Syd gu
‚if;tpm; uGjJ ym; jcm;em;+yD; yHpk t H rsK;d rsK;d &Sad om aowWm/ cGurf sm;udk toH;k ðyEdil o
f nf (yk§H 6)? u|Eyfl w
f @kd t+rJ
owd&&efrmS -
(1) u|Eflyfwdk@taejzifh aowWm/ yHk;rsm;udktoHk;rðyrD aocsmatmif aq;yg?
(2) u|Elfyfwdk@taejzifh a&rsm;atmufzufodk@ pD;qif;oGm;Edlifap&ef aowWm/ yHk;atmufajcYvHkavmufaom
tayguif ,frsm; azgux f m;&rnf?
(3) u|Eylf w
f @kd onf ysK;d aowWmrsm;xJwiG f aumif;aom ajrqDvm$ od@k r[kwf ajraqG;udk toH;k ðyEdil &f ef óud;pm;
oifo h nf?
(4) ajrqDvm$ odyrf wdraf p&ef aocsmatmif ðyvkyyf g? od@k r[kwf tyifayguu f av;rsm;. tjr‡prf sm;}uD;xGm;&ef
vHak vmuf onfh ae&m &Sv d rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs?
ykH (6) rsK;d aphysK;d axmif&ef aowWm§cGurf sm;
tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm; 19

=um;tuG m ta0;ES i f h tyif u sJ j cif ;
taphrsm;¹yGwfodyfpGm rpdkufysKd;rdap&ef tvGefta&;}uD;onf? ‚if;wdk@udk eD;uyfpGm pdkufysKd;ygu
tyifayguu f av;rsm; onf tm[m&ESihf a&wd@k ukd vk,pl m;oH;k =u&onf? ‚if;wd@k onf ydrk ckd sed ‹J vmrnf jzpf+yD;/
a&m*gEiS hf a&$Œajymif;pdu
k yf sK;d &mwGif xdwv
f ef@ysupf ;D r_ '%fuykd I
kd cH&Edil o
f nf? uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsK;d pkrsm;
onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh =um;tuGmta0; vdt k yf onf? =um;tuGm;ta0;ESiyhf wfoufonfh owif;tcsuf
tvufrsm;udk tcef;§6 wGif xnfhoGif;az:xm;onf?
tan‡mufrsm;aygufvmpOf twGif; ydkrdkusef;rmoefpGrf;onfh tyifaygufuav;rsm;}uD;xGm;&ef
vHkavmufonfh ae&mvyfzefwD;ay;Edlif&eftwGuf ykdrdkcsdeJ@onfh tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;oifh
onf(tyifusJay;onf)? tyifayguf uav; rsm; wpfyifESifh wpfyif 5 - 10 pifwDrDwm tuGmta0;
&Sdoifhonf?
*&kwpdkufðypkay;jcif;ESifha&avmif;ay;jcif;
tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk ESpf. tylqHk; tydkif;wGif pdkufysKd;ygu aea&mifjcnfavmifu|rf;r_rS
tumtuG,af y;&efEiS hf tpd"k gwu f kd xde;f odr;f xm;&eftwGuf &d;k &Si;f onfh trd;k wpfcw k nfaqmufyg? pdpk w G o f nfh
&moDwiG f tyifayguu f av;rsm;tm; oD;xefonfh rd;k a&rsm;rS tumtuG,af y;&ef Ttrd;k udk toH;k ðyEdil o f nf?
trd;k onf t&dyEf iS hf tumtuG,u f kd ay;oifo h nf? od@k aomf tvGex f x l jJ cif; rjzpfoifah cs? od@k r[kwf v#if
tyifayguu f av;rsm;aea&mifjcnf&&Sv d rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs? &k;d &Si;f onhf trd;k rsm;udk jcifaxmifa[mif;rsm; od@k r[kwf
oD x m;onf h jruf y if r sm;jzif h ðyvk y f E d l i f o nf ? a&G Œ ajymif ; pd k u f y sKd ; jcif ; rðyvk y f r D wpf y wf tvd k w G i f
tyifayguu f av;rsm;tm; aea&mifjcnfwiG w f jznf;jznf; az:xm;&rnf?
rsK;d aphabmifrsm;tm; vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; ajcmufaoG@omG ;atmif rxm;&So d ifah cs? od@k aomf eHeufyikd ;f ESihf
tapmydik ;f naeydik ;f rsm;wGif a&tenf;tusO;f om avmif;ay;oifo h nf? ae@.tylq;kH tydik ;f wGif a&udrk nfonfh
tcgr# ravmif;ygEiS hf (tcef;§4 ud=k unfyh g)? a&tvGet f u|aH vmif;ay;jcif;/ od@k r[kwf ae0if+yD; naeydik ;f wGif
a&avmif;ygu tyif ayguu f av;rsm;wGif tpd"k gwaf =umifh tyifi,frsm;&dI aoonfah &m*gjzpfay:Edil o f nf?
(Ta&m*gonf at;+yD;pdkxdkif;aom tajc taeudk ESpfoufonfh rd_a&m*g wrsKd;jzpfonf)? ajraqG;t&nf
od@k r[kwf wd&p>mefacs; t&nfrsm;udk wpfywfwpf}udrf avmif;ay;v#if ydrk =kd uHŒcdik o f nfh tyifayguu f av;rsm;udk
xkwfvkyfay;Edkifonf? a&GŒajymif;pdkufysKd;&eftwGuf jyifqifonfh tae jzifh tyifrsm; rmausmvmap&ef
a&avmif;ay;jcif;udk jznf;jznf; avsmhcsay;oifhonf?
20 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
iSufaysmr#ifysKd;tkd;rsm;
tr#if y sKd ; td k ; rsm;
ESp&f n
S cf H tyifrsm;ESihf opfyifrsm;udk ðypkysK;d axmif&mwGif taumif;qH;k enf;rSm td;k rsm;xJwiG f pwif
ysK;d axmif&ef jzpfonf? tyifayguu f av;rsm; wpfyifcsi;f pDw@kd onf aumif;pGm zG@H òzd;onft h xd td;k rsm; xJwiG f
&Sad eElid rf nfjzpf+yD;/ ‚if;wd@k udk vG,u f pl mG a&G@ajymif;pdu
k yf sK;d Edil o
f nf? iSuaf ysmr#if td;k rsm;onf aps;E_e;f oufom 2
jcif;/ vG,u f pl mG ðyvkyEf idl jf cif;ESihf npfnrf;r_rsm; rjzpfay:apyg? td;k rsm;onf ajrqD v$mwGif aqG;jrnfo h mG ;ygu
tyifrsm; &SifoefzGH@òzd;r_twGuf tzdk;wefonfh tm[m &"gwfrsm; jznfh qnf;ay;onf?
iSufaysmr#if ysKd;tkd;rsm;
ypP n f ; rsm;
• iSufaysmyifrS tr#if (tzwf)
• iSufaysmzwf odk@r[kwf acgif;&rf;yif tacgufwdk@rS &&Sdonfh óud; odk@r[kwf
3 vcef@ tenf;qH;k =um &Sncf o
H nfh rnfonfóh ud;rq/dk
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) iSuaf ysmyifrsm;rS tr#if (tzwf) tcsK@d ukd pkaqmif;xm;yg? jym;oGm;atmif ðyvky+f yD;/ 3-&uf=um tajcmuf
vSrf;yg?
(2) tr#ifrsm; ajcmufoGm;+yD;aemuf/ wzefjyefvnfaysmhajymif;vmap&ef a&xJwGifpdrfyg? (15-30 rdepf)
(3) 10 pifwDrDwm tcsif;&Sd+yD;/ 60 pifwDrDwm &Snfaomwdkif odk@r[kwf opfvkH;wckudk pkaqmif;xm;yg?
ajr}uD; xJwiG f w0uf ðryfxm;yg?
(4) tdk;rsm;udk t&Snfrnfr# tvdk&Sdonfudk qHk;jzwf+yD;/ wdkifay:wGif rSwfom;xm;yg?
(5) iSufaysmr#ifudk wdkifay:wGif rSwfom;xm;onfh trSwftom;xuf4-q &Snfaom tydkif;uav;rsm;
jzwf ,lyg? (yk§H 7³1)
(6) iSufaysmr#ifrsm;udk wdkifay:wGif wifxm;yg? (ykH§7³2)
(7) iSufaysmr#if. t&Snfw0ufwGif óud;jzifh csnfaESmifxm;vdkufyg? (ykH§7³3)
ykH (7³1) iSuaf ysmr#it

f m;vS;D jzwfyHk ykH (7³2) iSuaf ysmr#it
f m; wkid af y:ok@d wifxm;ykH

(8) iSuaf ysmr#iu
f kd tay:od@k acguw
f ifxm;vdu
k yf g? od@k aomf tay:od@k a&$@wufjcif; od@k r[kwf acsmifaejcif;
r&Sd atmif *&kpdkufyg? tdk;. atmufzufydkif;onf nDnmjyef@jyL;oifhonf? (ykH§7³4)

f m;csnaf ESmifxm;ykH ykH (7³4) iSuaf ysmr#it
f m;acguw
f ifyHk
(9) td;k . atmufajcydik ;f rS 2 pifwrD w D m tuGmwGif óud;jzifh csnaf ESix f m;+yD;/ wzef óud;. txufyikd ;f rS 2
pifwrD w D m tuGmwGif xyfrI H óud;jzifh csnaf ESmifxm;yg?
(10) ydak eaom iSuaf ysmr#if tydik ;f tprsm;udk jzwfawmufypfvu kd +f yD; wdik rf S nifompGm ðzwf,v l u kd yf g? (yk§H 7³5)
(11) td;k rsm; yHo
k ¿mef rajymif;oGm;ap&ef twGuf xdak e@rmS yif td;k rsm;udk aumif;rGeo f nfh rsK;d aphajrqDvm$ jzifh
jznfph uG xf m;yg? u|eyf w
f @kd tvd&k ydS gu aemifwiG f taphrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d Edil o
f nf?

f m;nDatmifv;DS jzwfyHk ykH (7³6) iSuaf ysmr#iyf sK;d tk;d
22 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
rsKd;aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh pkqnf;odrf;qnf;jcif;
a,bk,sok;H oyfcsuf
rsK;d aphrsm;onf touf&iS v f su&f o dS jzifh u|eyf w
f @kd onf ‚if;wd@k ukd ysupf ;D oGm;jcif;rS tum tuG,af y;
&efvdktyfonf? u|efyfwdk@ *&kðy&ef vdktyfonfrSm rsKd;aphrsm;onf ykyfodk;aqG;jrnf;jcif; r&Sd&efESifh ydk;r$m;rsm;
od k @ r[k w f wd & p> m ef r sm; pm;oH k ; jcif ; r&S d a p&ef jzpf o nf ? rsKd ; aph r sm;ud k od k a vS m if od r f ; qnf ; &ef 2
taumif;qHk;enf;rSm -

u|Ekfyfwdk@&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh rsKd;aphrsm;udk r#a0jcif;/
&moDwdkif;wGif rsKd;aphrsm;udkpdkufysKd;jcif;/
aumif;rGefonfh tdk;cGufrsm;xJwGif rsKd;aphrsm;udk odkavSmifxm;jcif;/ Ttcef;wGif u|efyf wdk@onf
pdkufysKd;&moDwpfckrS tjcm;pdkufysKd;&moD wpfcktwGif; t&nftaoG;aumif;rGef onfh rsKd;aphudk
rnfuo hJ @kd a&G;cs,&f efEiS hf rnfuo hJ @kd odak vSmif&rnfukd ajymqdak qG;aEG;=u rnf?
t&nf t aoG ; aumif ; rG e f o nf h rsKd ; aph u d k rnf u J h o d k @ pk p nf ; od r f ; qnf ; rnf e nf ; ?

(1) rsKd;aph,lrnfhtyifudk a&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh trSwftom; ðyvkyfxm;&Sdjcif;
rsKd;aph,loifhonfh tyifrsm;rSm-
}uH@cdkifjyD; usef;rmoefpGrf;jcif; ? aumif;rGefpGm }uD;xGm;zGH@òzd;+yD; ydk;r$m; odk@r[kwf tema&m*g
'%f tvGefcHpm;&r_ odyfr&Sdonfh tyifrsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg?
txGufE_ef;aumif;jcif;? }uD;rm;onfh toD;ESifhaumif;rGefonfh t&nftaoG;&Sdonfh toD; rsm;udk
xkwfvkyfay;onfh tyifrsm;udka&$;cs,fyg? t&G,ftpm; }uD;rm;jcif;? ykHo¾mefESifh ta&miftqif;
aumif;jcif;tjyif t&omvnf;aumif;onfhtoD; ponfwkd@udk aoao csmcsm qef;ppfyg?
O,smOftwGif;&Sd oD;ESHyif wpfrsKd;pDwdkif;twGuf tyifwpfyif okd@r[kwf ESpfyifukd a&$;cs,f +yD;ygu
‚if;wd@k ukd EG,}f udK; od@k r[kwf }udK;pwpfpjzifh trSwt f om; ðyvkyf xm;yg? ‚if; trSwt f om;onf
uGsefyfwdk@udk TtyifrS toD;ukd rqGwfcl;&ef owday; onf? tb,fa=umifh qdkaomf taphudk
aESmifEpS t
f wGuf uGseyf w f @kd odr;f qnf;xm;vkjd cif; jzpfonf?f toD;udk rSm;+yD;rnforl S rqGwcf ;l rdap&ef
oif.rdom;pkkufkd aocsmpGmajymjyxm;yg?
ykH (8³1) rsKd;aph,lrnfhtyif

(2) rsKd ; aph t m; pk a qmif ; jcif ;
u|Eyfk w
f @kd trSwt f om; ðyvkyx f m;onfh tyifrsm; &ifrh nfv h mygu toD;udk pkaqmif;&ef tcsed u f s
a&mufjyD; jzpfonf? ta&;}uD;qH;k tcsurf mS -
(u) toD;&ifrh nfah =umif; aocsmpGm qH;k jzwfyg? toD;wGe@f &KS @H y&kH +dS yD;/ tcsKd @aomoD;ESyH if rsKd ;rsm;onf toD;udk
uGsefyfwdk@ ukdifv_yfygu twGif;&Sd taphrsm;onf wpfacsmufacsmuftqufrjywf jrnf aeoifhonf?
(c) toD;ajcmufaoG@a=umif; aocsmpGm qkH;jzwfyg? taphrsm;udk aeomonfh &ufrsm;twGif; rGef;vGJydkif;
a&mufcge;D tcsed yf ikd ;f av;wGif pkaqmif;&ef }udK;pm;yg? pkpd w
G o
f nfh toD;ESihf taphrsm;onf vG,u f pl mG ykyo
f ;dk
aqG;jrnfhEdkifonf?
ykH (8³2) rsKd;aph,lrnfhtyiftm; qGwfcl;ykH

(3) rsKd ; aph t m; toif h jyif q if x m;jcif ; /
taphrsm;udk tajcmufvSrf;jcif;ESifh toifhjyifqifxm;csdefwGif aumif;onfh taphrsm;ESifh
raumif;onfh taphrsm;wdk@udk oD;oef@cGJjcm;xm;Edkifonff? aumif;onfh taphrsm; ykyfokd;aqG;jrnfh jcif;rS
&yfwef@ap&ef jzpfEikd vf #if u|eyf w
f @kd onf taphrsm;ukd tv#it f jref tajcmufvrS ;f &rnf? uGjJ ym; jcm; em;onfh
oD;ESHyif trsKd;rsKd;wdk@. taphrsm;udk enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh tajcmufvSrf;&rnf? tcsdef=umjrifhpGm a&&SnfcHrnfh
rsKd;aphrsm; toifh jyifqifxm;jcif;onf vG,fulonf?
(u) trSwftom;ðyvkyfwm;onfh tyifrsm;rS toD;ESifh taphrsm;ukd qGwfcl;yg? jzpfEkdifv#if taph rsm;udk
toD;rS tv#it f jref oD;oef@cjJG cm;xm;yg? c&rf;csOEf iS hf ocGm;uJw h @kd aom 0+zdK;aom toD;&So
d nfh tyifrsm;
rS &&So
d nfh taphrsm;udk OD;pGma&aq;yg? =uufoeG Ef iS hf yJo;D uJo h @dk aom tyifrsm;rS &&So
d nfh taphrsm;udk
a&aq;&ef rvkt d yfacs?
24 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(c) taphrsm;udk tajcmufvSrf;yg? jzpfEdkifygu uGsefyfwdk@onf taphrsm;udk aea&mifjzifhom tajcmuf
vSr;f oifo h nf (yk§H 8³3)? tu,fI taphrsm;udk pdpk w G o f nf&h moDOwkwiG f pkaqmif;ygu taphrh sm;udk
vif yef; (paum) ay:wGijf zef@xm;+yD; rD;zkad y:&Sd usycf ;kd pifay:wGif wifxm;Edik o f nf? od@k aomf taphrsm;
tvG e f r yl a p&ef aocsmatmif ð yvk y f y g? ‚if ; wd k @ .tay:,H tcG H r mausmvm ygu taph r sm; 2
ajcmufaoG@vmjyD;jzpfonf?
(*) taphrsm; ajcmufaoG@+yD;v#if ‚if;wdk@udk vifyef;/ (paum) odk@r[kwf t0wfpwpfckay:wGif jzef@

xm;yg? aumif;onfh taphrsm;ESifh raumif;onfh taphrsm;wdk@udk oD;oef@cGJjcm;xm;yg? aumif;
onfh taphrsm;onf yHrk eS f yko H Àmef&jdS cif;/ jcpf&mok@d r[kwf ysupf ;D xm;onfh t&mr&Sjd cif;ESihf yk;d r$m;
ok@d r[kwf rdw _ @kd a=umifh ysupf ;D xm;onfh t&dyt f a&mifrsm; rawG@&jdS cif; ponfw@kd jzpfonf? raumif;
onfhtaphrsm;udk ajraqG;ðyvkyf&mwGif t&Gufrsm; rykyfokd;rD tapmydkif; tqifhuyif xnfhoGif;t
ok;kH ðyEkid of nf?
(C) taphrsm;tm; a&maESmay;yg?
aumif;onfh rsKd;aphrsm;udk pkaqmif;&&SdjyD;ygu ‚if;wkd@udk ykd;r$m;ESifh a&m*grsm; wdkufcdkufjcif;rS
&yfwef@ apEdkifonfh ypPnf;rsm;jzifh a&maESmxm;oifhonf? Oyrm - ‚if;ypPnf;rsm;xJwGif rD;zkdacsmifrS
tat;cH xm;onfh jym/ tajcmufvSrf;xm;onfh wrm&Gufrsm;/ okd@r[kwf }udwfxm;+yD;tajcmuf
vSr;f xm;onfh wrmtaphrsm;/ tajcmufvrS ;f xm;onfh eEGi;f r_e@f EiS hf tajcmufvrS ;f xm;onfh pyg;vif
ar$; t&Gufrsm;yg0ifonf?
ykH (8³3) taphrsm;tm; tajcmufvrS ;f ykH
tcef;(2) rsKd;aphrsm; 25
(4) rsKd ; aph t m; ok d a vS m if x m;&S d j cif ; /
taphrsm;udk =um&Sncf aH tmif xm;&SEd ikd &f eftwGuf ‚if;wd@k ukd oef@&iS ;f ajcmufaoG@+yD;/ at;jr arSmifrnf;
onfh ae&mwGif odrf;qnf;xm;oifhonf? taphrsm;tm; odrf;qnf;xm;&ef taumif; qkHk;enf;vrf;rSm
avvHok nfh Al;wGix f m;+yD;/ ykrH eS pf pfaq;Edik rf nfh ae&mwGif xm;&S&d efjzpfonf? taph rsm;tm; odr;f qnf;xm;
&Sdonfh enf;wpfenf;rSm 0g;Al;rsm;xJwGif xnfhxm;&efjzpfonff?
(u) 0g;Al;rsm; pkaqmif;xm;yg? 0g;Al;t}uD;tao;rSm &&SdEdkifonfh 0g;ESifh uGsefyfwdk@ rsKd;aphrsm; rnfI rnffr#
okad vSmifxm;vko d nfh tay: rlwnfonf?f &ifo h nf0h g;rsm;uko
d m a&$;cs,jf yF; tok;H rðyrdD &uftenf;
i,fcef@ usycf ;kd pifay:wGif wifxm;jyD;D ? rD;ck;d r_id ;f wduk x f m;yg?
(c) 0g;Al;. 1§3 udk jym ok@d r[kwf ajcmufaoG@jyD; }udwx f m;onfh wrm&Gurf sm; tp&So d nfw@kd jzifh jznfx
h nfh
xm;yg?
(*) rsK;d aphrsm;ukd Al;.tay: Ekwcf rf;rS 3-5 pifwrD w D m tuGma&mufonft h xd jznfx h nfyh g? jym ok@d r[kwf
wrm&Gurf sm;udk taphrsm;tay: xyfjznfx h nfyh g? tzH;k zk;H tkyyf g?
(C) taphrsm;ESifh jymrsm;aocsmpGm a&mpyfoGm;atmif ðyvkyf&eftwGuf Al;udk nifompGm tzufzufodk@
vdrahf y;yg?
(i) tu,fI &&SEd idk yf gu tzH;k ukd opfap;/ za,mif; ok@d r[kwf trJqt D p&So
d nfw@kd jzifh avvkaH tmif ydwf
xm;yg?
ykH (9) rsK;d aphxnf&h ef Al;§cGurf sm;
26 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(5) rsKd ; aph r sm;tm; rS w f w rf ; wif j cif ; ES i f h trS w f t om; uyf x m;jcif ; /
pk d u f y sKd ; &moD r sm;t=um; uG s ef y f w d k @ ok d a vS m if o d r f ; qnf ; xm;onf h rsKd ; aph r sm;. tao;pd w f
tcsut f vufrsm;ukd vG,v f ifw
h ul arhaysmufEikd o f nf? rsK;d aphrsm;tm; rSww f rf;wifxm;jcif;ESihf trSwtf om;
uyfxm;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfxm;ygu uGsefyfwdk@onf oD;ESHpkdufysKd;jcif; vkyfief;ukd ydkrkdI aumif;pGm tpDtpOf 2
a&;qGJjcif;ESifh aumif;pGm pDrHcef@cGJEdkifrnfjzpfjyD;/ tavtvGifhrsm;ukd av#mh enf; apEdkifonf? atmufaz:
jyxm;onfh Oyrm - uk=d unfyh g?

trSwftom;. owif;tcsuftvuf Oyrm
rSwfwrf; eHygwf KN 9
tyiftrsKd;tpm; yJwDpdrf;
pkaqmif;onfh ae@pJG 29/ 12/ 2003
pkaqmif;onfh ae&m ,dk&SD;,m O,smOf
pkaqmif;ol. trnf ukd&,f
rSwfcsuf wwd, rsK;d quf
rSwfpkrsm;
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a,bk,sok;kH oyfcsuf
uG J j ym;jcm;em;onf h tyif r sKd ; EG , f p k r sm;. taph r sm;onf uG J j ym;jcm;em;onf h enf ; rsm;jzif h
t!‡mufayguEf idk o f nf? ok@d aomf ta!‡mufayguf aumif;ap&eftwGuf taphtm;vk;H wd@k onf av/ tylEiS hf
tpk d " gwf ponf w d k @ vk d t yf o nf ? tyif t an‡ m uf a yguf v map&ef jyif q if r _ ð yvk y f & mwG i f atmuf y g
tcsufrsm;ukd owd& rSwfom;&rnf?
(1) pdkufysKd;rnfh tyifrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf aea&mif/ t&dyfwdk@. yrm%rsm;udk rSefuefpGm &&Sd&eftwGuf

rsKd;aphabmifrsm;udk *&kwpkduf ðyvkyfxm;&rnf?
(2) rsKd;aphabmifwGif;&Sd ajrqDv$mudk rSefuefpGm a&mpyfjyifqifxm;&rnf? (tcef;§1 ukd=unfhyg?)
(3) vkkdtyfygu rsKd;aphrsm;udk }udKwif jyifqifxm;&rnf?
(4) taphrsm;ukd pkdvGef;jcif;/ ajcmufvGef;jcif; tajctaeatmufwGif rxm;oifhay?
(5) taphrsm;udk iSurf sm;/ yk&u
G q
f w
d rf sm;ESihf tjcm;aom yk;d r$m;rsm;uJo
h @dk aom zsuq
f ;D wwfonfh wd&p>mefrsm;rS
tumtuG,fay;oifhonf?
}ud K wif jyif q if j cif ;

tcsKdŒaomtaph trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf ‚if;wkd@udk rpdkufysKd;rD jyifqifxm;ay;&ef vkdtyfonf?
}udKwifjyifqifay;jcif;jzifh tyifrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;. taphtrsm;tjym;tm; ydkrdkatmifjrifpGm ta!Smuf ayguf
vmap+yD; tyif. }uH@cikd o f nfh tapmydik ;f }uD;xGm;r_ukd aocsmap&ef taxmuftulay;Edik o f nf? c&rf;csOo f ;D
rsm;uJo h @kd aom 0+zKd;onfh taphrsm;udk rodak vmifrD od@k r[kwf rpdu k yf sK;d rD taphrsm;udk oef@pifatmif aq;a=um
oifhonf? tu,fI u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ‚if;wdk@udk oef@pifaq;a=umjcif; rðyygu ydk;r$m;rsm;/ bufwD;&D;,m;
odk@r[kwf r_drsm;w@dkonf tom;ydkif;udk pm;oHk;Edkifojzifh ajrmufrsm;pGm aom taphrsm; qHk;±_H;Edkifonf?
tcsKd @ aomtaph r sm;onf obm0 tajctaersm;t& ‚if ; wd k @ ud k tumtuG , f ay;&mwG i f
taxmuftul ðyap&eftwGuf tvGerf ma=um+yD; xlxo J nfh txyf tv$mrsm;&do S nf? od@k aomf tu,fI
‚if;wd@k ukd u|Eyfk w f @kd . pdu
k yf sK;d a&; +cHrsm;wGif pdu
k yf sK;d vdyk gu Ttxyfvm$ rsm;onf taphxo J @kd avESiahf &aiG@rsm;
0ifa&mufr_udk [ef@wm;Edkifojzifh ta!‡muf aygufvmr_udk av#mhenf;aponf? TrsKd;aph trsKd;tpm;
rsm;twGuf ‚if;wdk@udk rpdkufysKd;rD tvGef xufonfh "g;jzifhtcGHv$mudk jcpfay;jcifjzifh r=umc%qdkovdk
ta!‡mufaygurf u _ kd wd;k yGm;ay;Edik f onf? tjcm;aomtaph ta!‡mufaygurf _ trsK;d tpm; rsm;wGif ‚if;wd@k ukd
a&at;wGif 12 em&D od@k r[kwf qlyu G af eonfh a&wGif rdEpS f tenf;i,fcef@ pdraf y;jcif;jzifh tan‡mufayguv f mr_
udk wdk;yGm;vmaponf?
28 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
&S i f o ef a om rsKd ; aph r sm;
tu,fI rsK;d aphukd pku d yf sK;d &moD wpfcx k ufyIkd odr;f qnf;xm;ygu od@k r[kwt f u,fI tjcm;wpf
ae&mrS rsKd;aphopfrsm;udk u|Ekfyfwdk@ vufcH&&Sdygu ‚if;wdk@rnffr#aumif;rGefpGm ta!Smuf aygufvmonfudk
pD p pf & ef t wG u f aumif ; rG e f o nf h t}uH t pnf w pf c k r S m rsKd ; aph t csKd @ ud k prf ; oyf = unf h &ef j zpf o nf ? 2
tan‡mufayguv f monfh taphrsmudk &Sio f efEikd af om rsK;d aphrsm;[k ac:onf? tu,f I }uD;rm;onfOh ,smOf
od@k r[kwv f ,fuu G rf sm;wGif pku
d yf sK;d v#if tvGef ta&;}uD;onfrmS &Sio f ef Edik af om rsK;d aphrsm; rnfr#&o dS nfukd
prf;oyfppfaq;&efjzpfonf? u|efyfwdk@onf ta!‡mufaygufr_ nHhzsif;onfh r&SifoefEdkifaom taphrsm;ukd
pkdufysKd;v#if tcsdefESifh cGeftm; trsm;tjym;ukkd tv[o jzpfapEkdifonf? ‚if;aemuf tjcm;oD;ESHyifrsm;ukdf
pku
d yf sK;d &eftwGuf tcsed f tvGeaf emufus zG,&f dS onf? Ttcef;wGif u|Eyfk w f @kd onf &Sio
f efEidk af om rsK;d aph
prf;oyfppf aq;onfh vG,u f ol nfh enf;vrf; ESprf sK;d ta=umif; ajymqkd aqG;aEG;=uvdrrhf nf?
taph a &ay:wG i f aygavmay:aom enf ; jzif h prf ; oyf j cif ;

Tenf;onf &Sio f efEikd af om taphprf;oyfaom tvGev f ,
G u
f +l yD; v#ijf refaom enf;vrf; jzpfonf?
v,form;rsm; trsm;tjym;onf pyg;rsm; ‚if;wk@d . v,frsm;xJwiG f rpku d yf sK;d rD pyg;rsK;d aph rsm;udk prf;oyf&ef
Tenf;ukd tokHk;ðy=uonf?
ypP n f ; rsm;
zefAl; okd@r[kwf cGufwpfckck? xkwfcsif;azmufjrifEdkifonfhzef okd@r[kwf yvyfpwpfonf ykdI
aumif;rGefonf?
a&
rsKd;aphrsm; (wpf}udrfv#if tyifrsKd;EG,fpkwpfrsKd;)
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) zefAl;xJokd@ a&jznfhxnfhyg?

(2) taphrsm;ukd zefAl;xJokd@ avmif;xnfhyg?
(3) wkwfacsmif; okd@r[kwf ZGef;wpfacsmif;ESifh taphrsm;ukd ar$ay;yg? wG,fuyfaeonfh taphrsm;ukd
oD;jcm;cGJxm;vkdufyg? (ykH§10)
(4) 5 rdepf=umxm;yg?

aumuf c suf c sjcif ;
a[mif;EGr;f +yD; ysupf ;D aeonfh taphrsm; zefA;l txufyidk ;f ok@d aygavm ay:vmrnf? Ttaphrsm;ukd
pkaqmif;oifhjyD; rD;&SKd@ypfjcif; okd@r[kwf ajraqG;opf ðyvkyf&mwGif tokHk;ðyyg?
zefA;l atmufajcwGif ESpjf r‡yo f mG ;onfh taphrsm;onf &Sio
f efEidk af om taphjzpfvrd rhf nf? u|Eyfk w
f @kdf onf
&Sifoefaom taphrsm;ukdom pdkufysKd;oifhonf?
ykH (10) a&jzifhtaphprf;oyfykH
puU L &G u f j zif h taph r sm;uk d prf ; oyf j cif ;

Tprf;oyfr_udk jyifqif&ef tcsdeftawmftoifh ukefrnfqkdaomfvnf; ykdrdkI wdusrSef uef onf?
rsK;d aph tajrmuftrsm; rnfuo hJ @dk ta!‡mufayguEf ikd zf ,
G &f m &Syd EkH iS hf use;f rm}uH@cikd o
f nfh tyif ayguf uav;
rsm; ta=umif; ponfh ydkrkdaumif;rGefonfh t}uHOm%f aumif;rsm;ukd Tprf; oyfr_u u|efyfwdk@tm;
ay;urf;onf? Tprf;oyfr_onf ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh twlðyvkyf &ef aumif;rGefonfh vkyf
aqmifcsuf wpfckjzpfonf
ypP n f ; rsm;
vifyef; okd@r[kwf owWK§yvyfwpf tcsyf
puUL (tdro f mok;H puULvdyo
f nf taumif;qk;kH jzpfonf ok@d aomf u|eyf w
f @kd onf tjcm;aom &k;d &k;d puUL
okd@r[kwf owif;pm puULwdk@udk tokHk;ðyEdkifonf?
a&
ao;i,fonfh t&nfjzef;ud&, d m wpfck ok@d r[kwf a&ukd cyfqwfqwf cgcsEikd o f nfh ypPn;f wpfcck ?k
taph (jzpfEikd v f #if tenf;qk;H taph 25 aph)
30 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
ðyvk y f e nf ;
1 vifyef; ok@d r[kwf tcsyw f pfcsyu
f dk avESihf rd;k a&wd@k rS tumtuG,af y;xm;onfh t&dyf &So d nfh
ae&mwGif csxm;yg?
2 vifyef;ay:ok@d puULESp&f u G f - ok;kH &Gucf if;csvu dk jf yD;/ tpk"d gwf tenf;i,f &&So
d nft
h xd a&jzifh 2
‚if;ay:ok@d yufzse;f yg? puULonf rnfonft h cgr# ajcmufaoG@ roGm;oifah y? ok@d aomf aqG; oGm;
onft h xd tvGepf pdk w G f raeoifah cs?
3 taphrsm;ukd wlnDaom tuGmta0; rsm;jzifh twef;vkduf csxm;yg? (yHk§11³1 ukd=unfhyg)?
tu,fI oifonf taph 25 aphukd tokHk;ðyygu wpfwef;v#if 5 aphpDjzifh twef; 5wef;
ðyvkyyf g? tu,fI oifonf taph 100 ukd tok;kH ðyygu wpfwef;v#if 10 aphjzifh twef; 10
wef;ðy vkyyf g?
4 taphukd aemufxyfpuULjzifh vkH;vHk;v#m;v#m; zHk;tkyfvkdufjyD; xyfrHI pGwfpkdatmif ðyvkyfyg?
(ykH§11³2)
ykH (11³2) puULtm;taphrsm;ay:okd@zkH;tkyfykH

aumuf c suf c sjcif ;
vifyef;ukd eHeufEiS hf naecsed w f ikd ;f ppfaq;yg? puULonf rnfonft h cgr# ajcmufaoG@roGm;zd@k
aocsm atmif ðyvkyf&eftwGuf vkdtyfygu a&ydkrkdyufzsef;ay;yg?
O,smOfwGif pkdufysKd;onfh [if;oD;[if;&Guf trsm;tjym;wdk@onf 5-10 &ufrsm;t=um;
ta!Smuf ayguv f mvdrrhf nf? taphrsm;. ta&twGuu f kd a&wGu+f yD; rSww f rf;wifxm;yg? taphrsm;
rnf u J h o k d @ yG i f h x G u f v m+yD ; tjr‡ p f E S i f h yxrt&G u f r sm; rnf u J h o k d @ }uD ; xG m ;vmonf uk d
*&kwpkdufqef;ppf=unfhyg? vufawG@vkyfaqmifcsufonf pdkufysKd;onfh oD;ESHyifrsm; t a=umif;
ykdrkdod&Sdem;vnfap&ef u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; taxmuf tulðyonf?
rSwfpkrsm;
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32 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
3
3 tcef; 3/ pkdufysKd;cif;rsm;wGif
pkdufysKd;ajrae&m a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
abmifjrifhrsm;
wl;qG&ef rvkdtyfaom pkdufabmifrsm;
ESpxf yfabmif
ajraqG;jcif;abmifrsm;
puf0kid f;abmifrsm;
jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifh pkdufysKd;jcif;
ajraqG;wGif;abmifrsm;
pkdufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawmaygif;pyf pkdufysKd;jcif;
uGefwkpd ku
d fysKd;jcif;
aygif;pyfpkdufysKd;arG;jrLjcif;
tcef; 33
pku
d fysKd;ajrae&ma&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
pdkufysKd;ajr ae&mwpfck a&G;cs,fjcif;
O,smOf ok@d r[kwf pku d yf sK;d a&; +cHwpfck wnfaxmif&eftwGuf txl;jynfph akH umif;rGeo f nfh ae&mukd
a&$; cs,&f eftpOfojzifh rjzpfEikd af cs? ok@d aomf u|Eyfk w f @kd wiG f a&$;cs,pf &m tcGit hf a&; wpfck &Syd gu oD;ESyH ifrsm;
ydrk akd umif;rGepf mG pdu
k yf sK;d Edik &f ef atmufyg tcsut f vufrsm;onf u|Eyfk w f @kd ukd taxmuftul ay;Edik o f nf?
tdrEf iS hf eD;uyfjcif;
u|eyf w f @kd onf a0;vHpmG av#mufvrS ;f oGm;±ef rvdyk /J tdrrf S xGucf mG wdik ;f u|Eyfk w
f @kd .
pku
d u f u G if ,frsm;ukd jrifEikd o
f nf? oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd vG,u
f pl mG a&avmif; jcif;/ aygi;f oifjcif;ESihf
qGwfcl;jcif;rsm;ukdðyvkyfEkdifonf? ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh a&m*grsm;udk xdef;csKyf&mwGifvnf;aumif;/
pd k u f u G u f r sm;ud k wd & p> m ef r sm;.&ef r S tumtuG , f ay;&mwG i f v nf ; aumif ;
ydkrkdvG,fulonf?
aumif;rGeo
f nfh a&t&if;tjrpf
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;onf ajcmufaoG@&moDwiG f a&ae@pOfvt dk yfonf? oif. oD;ESH
yifrsm;udk a&uefi,f/ acsmif;/ a&wGi;f / a&ydu k af cgi;f / ok@d r[kwf oift0wfav#mzf w G o
f nfh
a&pOfh td;k teD;w0ku
d wf iG f pku
d yf sK;d yg? pdpk w
G af om rd;k &moD wGif a&vGr;f rd;kd wwfonfh ae&mukd
tokH;rðy rd&ef }udK;pm;yg?
ae
[if;oD;[if;&Guyf ifrsm; rdrwd @kd u,
kd u
f kd }uD;xGm;atmif ðyvkyEf idk &f ef aea&mifjcnfvdk
tyfonf? od@k aomf tvGeyf o l nfah e@v,fcif;ESihf naeapmif;tcsed o f nf oif. Eke,fonfh
[if;oD;[if;&Guyf ifrsm;udk aoa=uapEkid +f yD;/ ajrqDvm$ ukd ajcmufaoG@aponf? ae@. tykid ;f
wpfykdif;wGif t&dyftcsdK@ &Sdaom ae&monf taumif;qHk;jzpfonf?
ajrqDvm$
&$@H ap;ajronf wl;qG&ef tvGef cufc+J yD; a&0wfEikd o f nf? oJajrwGif ajrqD =oZm
nHzh si;f +yD; v#ijf refpmG ajcmufaoG@onf? teufa&mif&+dS yD; aumif;rGeo f nfh tES@H touf&o dS nfh
ajrqDvm$ onf ouf&dS ypPn;f rsm;jzifh ºuG,0f rnf? ‚if;ukd toH;k ðy&ef taumif;qH;k ajrqDvm$
jzpfonf? ok@d aomf ae&mwkid ;f wGif ‚if;ukd rawG@Eikd f acs? aumif;rGeaf om ajrqDvm$ &Sad om
ajr ae&mwpfck r&&SEd ikd yf gu abmifjrifrh sm; zH;k tkyyf pPn;f rsm;ESihf ajraqG;ðyvkyjf cif; tp&So
d nfh
enf;emrsm;ukd tokHk;jcif;jzifh u|efyfwdk@. ajrqDv$mukd wdk;wuf aumif;rGefapEkdifonf?
(tcef;§5 ukd=unfhyg)?
34 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
av
jyif;xefonfh avonf ykrd jdk rifrh m;onfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd ysupf ;D apEdik jf yD; ajrqDvm$ ukd
ajcmufaoG@aponf? tjyif;xefqkH;avrS tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh ae&mwpfckudk
}ud K ;pm;a&$ ; cs,f y g? TuJ h o d k @ ae&mrsKd ; r&S d y gu avumrsm;uk d wnf a qmuf E k d i f & ef 3
ouf & S d + cH p nf ; &k d ; rsm;ES i f h opf y if r sm;t=um; pm;oH k ; oD ; ES H y if r sm; tp&S d o nf h
pdkufysKd;a&;enf;rsm;ukd tokH;ðyEdkifonf? (pmrsufESm§62 udk=unfhyg?)
ao;i,fonfh tus,ft0ef;
O,smOf okd@r[kwf pdkufysKd;+cHonf ydkrdkao;i,fav/ ‚if;wdk@udk wnfaqmuf&efESifh
xdef;odrf;&ef ydkrdkvG,fulav jzpfonf? tdrfteD;tem;wpf0dkuf&Sd ao;i,f+yD; ajrqD=oZm
xuf o ef o nf h O,smOf w pf c k o nf rd o m;pk w pf p k vk d t yf o nf h vwf q wf aom
[if;oD;[if;&Guf tm;vkH;eD;yg;udk axmufyHhay;Edkifonf? ‚if;udk tpOfojzifh aemifwGif
ydkrkdus,f0ef;vmatmif wdk;csJŒEdkifonf?
_cHpnf;&k;d
ae&m trsm;tjym;wGif oD;ESHyifrsm;ukd ar$;jrLa&; wd&p>mefrsm;rS tumt
pku
uG , f a y;&ef vk d t yf o nf ? =uuf / qd w f / 0uf / u|J / EG m ; ponf w d & p> m ef r sm;wd k @ onf
tcsdefwdktwGif; }uD;rm; onfh ysufpD;r_ukd jzpfay:apEkdifonf? jzpfEkdifv#if +cHpnf;&kd;
tvG,fwul umEkdifrnfhae&m okd@r[kwf +cHpnf;&kd;tcsdK@&Sd+yD;om; ae&mwkd@ukd a&$;cs,fyg?
Todk@jzifh aemifwGif tcsdeftajrmuf trsm;ukd oufomapEkdifrnf?
pdu
k yf sKd;ajrae&mtwGuf tpDtpOf a&;qGjJ cif;
oifonf rnfonfo
h ;D ESyH ifrsm;ukd rnfonfah e&mwGif pdu
k yf sK;d rnf tp&So
d nfh tpDtpOf wpfck xm;&Sd
&ef ta&;}uD;onff?
(1) a,sbk , s tpD t pOf

• oD;ESHyifrsm; pdkufysKd;&ef oifa&$;cs,fxm;onfh ae&mwpf0dkufukd tcsdeftawmftwef tukef cH+yD;
vSnyhf wf av#muf=unfyh g? ae rnfonfh t&yfrS xGuo f enf;/ a& t&if;tjr‡pf rnfonfh ae&mwGif
&So
d enf;/ ajr.rnfonfh tydik ;f wGif qifjcifav#m &So d enf;/ ‚if;ae &mwGif ,ckrnfonht f yifrsm;ukd
pkdufysKd;xm;oenf;/
• ajrae&m. ajryHk okd@r[kwf yHkukd qGJyg? ajrmufESifh awmifukd rSwfom;yg? oifxifjrif,lq
xm;onft h wdik ;f +cHpnf;&k;d / wHcg;aygu/f ajraqG; ðyvkyrf nfah e&m/ vlomG ;vrf;rsm;ESihf pdu
k yf sKd ; abmifrsm;
tp&Sdonfwdk@ukd rnfonfhae&mwGif wnfaqmufrnfukd a&;qGJxm;yg?
tcef; (3) pkdufysKd;cif;rsm;wGif 35

(2) oD ; ES H y if r sm;
• ajrae&mudk tusK;d &Spd mG tok;H ðyEdik &f eftwGuf u|eyf w f @kd onf rnfonfh oD;ESrH sm;ukd pdu
k yf sK;d rnfEiS hf
‚if;wdk@ukd rnfonfh ae&mwGif pdkufysKd;rnf tp&Sdonfwdk@twGuf tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&ef vnf;
vkdtyfonf?
• aea&mifjcnf tajrmuftrsm;&Sdonfh yGifhvif;aomae&mwGif u|Ekfyfwdk@ rkefnif;rsm;/ =uufoGefeD/
c&rf;csOfyifrsm;/ csOfaygifyifrsm;/ qvwfyifrsm;ESifh yJyifrsm; ponfhtyifrsm;ukd pkdufysKd;Ekdif onff?
• t&dyf&onfhae&mrsm;wGif ydef;/ uefpGef;O/ emewfESifh csif;uJhokd@aom tyifrsm; pkdufysKd;Edkif onf?
• a&yku d af cgi;f rsm;/ a&pOft
h ;kd rsm;/ tdro
f mESihf rD;zdak csmifrsm; tp&Sod nfh pkpd w
G o
f nfh ae&m w0du k w
f iG f
uefpGef;rsm;/ pyg;vifrsm;ESifh i&kyfyifuJokd@aom tyifrsm;ukd pkdufysKd;Edkif onf?
• pdkufysKd;abmifrsm; ðyvkyfEkdif&ef tvGefao;i,fonfh ae&mrsm;wGif u|Ekfyfwdk@onf oabmFyif/
iSufaysmyif/ aygufyef;jzLyifrsm;ESifh 'ef@ovGefuJhokd@aom tyifrsm;ukd pkdufysKd;Edkif onf?
ykH (12) oD;ESHO,smOf
36 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
• ausmufxx l yfonfh ae&mrsm;wGif u|eyf w f @kd onf [if;oD;[if;&Guf oD;ESyH if trsK;d tpm; tm;vk;kH ukd
ajraqG;tdwrf sm;xJwiG f pku d yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? (pmrsuEf mS 52 uk=d unfyh g? )
• +cHpnf;&kd;rsm;wav#muf u|efyfwdk@onf abmpfpudkif;/ cs,f&D/ wrmyif tp&Sdonfh tyifrsm; wdk@ukd
pdu
k yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? 2-ESpt
f wGi;f ‚if;tyifrsm;onf ouf&+dS cHpnf;&k;d wpfck jzpfvm vdrhf rnf? (pmrsuEf mS 3
62 uk=d unfyh g)?
• EG,fwufonfh tyifrsm;jzpfonfh yJyifrsm;/ c0Jyifrsm;/ =uuf[if;cg;yifrsm; ESifh z&kHyifrsm;ukd
pku
d yf sK;d &mwGif +cHpnf;&k;d rsm;/ taqmuftOD;rsm;ESihf &ifu h suof nfh opfyifrsm;wk@d udk tok;H ðy Edik o
f nf?
(3)owd & &S d & ef vk d t yf o nf h t&mrsm;

• uGuv f yf ae&mwdik ;f udk toH;k ðyEkid o f nf? uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh pku d yf sK;d abmifrsm;udk uGjJ ym; jcm;em;onfh
ae&mrsm;wGif toHk;ðyEdkifonf? uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsm;ukd uGJjym;jcm; em;onfh tajct
aersK;d wGif pku d yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? aumif;rGe+f yD; ajrqD=oZm xufoefonfh ajrqDvm$ onf oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd
wpfESpfygwfvHk; pdkufysKd;Ekdifojzifh tpOfojzifh qGwfcl;p&mrsm; &Sdonf?
• oifh&yf&Gmrsm;wGif ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm pdkufysKd;cJhonfh oD;ESHyifrsm;onf a'otajctaersm; ESifh
vdkufav#mnDaxGr_&Sdonf? ‚if;wdk@onf zsufqD;owfaom ykd;r$m;rsm;ESifh a&m*g'%frsm;wdk@udk
ykrd cdk EH idk &f nf&+dS yD;/ ‚if;wd@k ukd rnfuo hJ @kd pu
kd yf sK;d &rnfEiS hf rnfuo hJ @kd csuðf ywfpm;aomuf&rnfudk vlxrk sm;
pku
tawG@tóuH &S+d yD;om; jzpfrnf? tm[m&"gwEf iS hf jynfph +kH yD; tcsed =f umjrifph mG qGwcf ;l Ekid o f nfo h ;D ESyH if
rsm;onf tvGeftoHk;0ifonf?
• tddrfrsm;/ O,smOfrsm;/ pkdufysKd;+cHrsm;ESifh opfawmrsm;wdk@onf u|efyfwdk@tm; atmifjrifonfh
oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd pku d yf sK;d &ef vkt
d yfonfh t&if;tjr‡pt f m;vk;kH udk axmufyahH y;onf? "gwaf jr =oZmrsm;ESihf
"gwak A' yd;k owfaq;rsm;udk toH;k ðy&efrvkt d yfacs? ‚if;wd@k ukd tok;H ðyjcif;jzifh u|Eyfk w
f @kd . ywf0ef;usif
ESifh usef;rma&;wdk@udk zsufqD;Edkifonff?
• oifhxif; avmifpmrsm;udk +cHpnf;&kd;wav#muf ouf&Sd +cHpnf;&dk; tjzpfpdkufysKd;yg?
• oifh pdu k yf sK;d +cH twGuf ajrqD=oZm &&SEd ikd &f ef ajraqG;ðyvkyEf idk rf nfh tyifrsm;ukd pdu k yf sK;d yg?
• rnfonfh t&mr# tv[o rjzpfyg? (O,smOftwGif; pGef@ypf ypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;ukd jyefvnf
ðyjyiftoHk;ðyyg?)
• oifh pkdufabmifrsm;onf wcsdefvkH; tyifrsm;jzifh ae&m ,lxm;&rnf?

abmifjrifhrsm;
a,bk,soH;k oyfcsuf
jr‡ix
hf m;onfh abmifwpfco k nf oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd pdu
k yf sK;d &ef ae&mwpfck jzpf+yD;/ ywf0ef;usi&f dS ajrrsuef m
jyif x uf yd k I jrif h a tmif ðyvk y f x m;onf ? ajrqD = oZm wd k ; wuf a umif ; rG e f v map&ef / a&pD ; qif ; r_
aumif;vmap&ef ESifh oD;ESHyifrsm;ukd vG,fvifhwul pdkufysKd;ðypkEdkif&eftwGuf abmifudk jr‡ifhwifxm;onf?
jr‡ifhwifxm;onfh abmif trsKd;tpm; ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sd+yD;/ ‚if;wkd@onf obm0 pkdufysKd;a&; pepfrsm;wGif
tvGefta&;}uD;onf? Ttcef;wGif abmifjrifhrsm;ukd rnfuJhokd@ ðyvkyfyHkESifh rnfuJhokd@ xdef;odrf;apmifh
a&Smifh&rnfudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onff?
ykH (13) abmifjrifrh sm;tm; ðyvkyyf Hk

abmifjrifrh sm;ESihf vlomG ;vrf;
• ajrqDvm$ / ajraqG;rsm;ESihf O,smOfpeG @f ypf ypPn;f a[mif;rsm; ponfw@kd ukd tok;H ðy+yD;/ u|eyf w f @kd onf
abmifjrifrh sm;ukd ðyvkyEf idk o f nf? ajrqDvm$ udk jrifw h ifxm;jcif;onf ajr}uD; ukd yGapojzifh tjr‡prf sm;
jzmxGu+f yD; tm[m"gwrf sm;udk &SmazGpw k ,f El idk jf cif; ponfw@kd ukd tultnDay;onf?f abmifrsm;onf
ab;ywf0ef;usif ajrjyifxuf ydkrkdjrifhjcif;a=umifh a&rsm;tvG,fwul pD;qif;Ekdifojzifh tjr‡pfrsm;
a&0yf jcif ; rS wm;qD ; ay;onf ? abmif r sm;. tjrif h r sm;onf 15 pif w D r D w mrS 30
pifwDrDwm&Sdoifhonf?
• u|Eyfk w
f @kd ajrqDvm$ ay: rwfwwf&yfygu ajrqDvm$ rsm;onf uspv f pfI rmausmvmrnf jzpfojzif/h
tyif. tjr‡prf sm;ESihf a&rsm; jzmxGujf yef@E@S o H mG ;jcif;udk cufcaJ pvdrrhf nf? ajrqD v$m qufvufI
yG a e &ef t wG u f aocsmatmif ðyvk y f & ef r S m abmif j rif h . tus,f u d k 1³0 -
1³5rD w mðyvk y f x m;oif h o nf ? tu,f I Ttus,f & S d a bmif j rif h &S d y gu ajrqD v $ m ay:
rwfwyfwuf&yf&ef rvkt d yfbJ tyifrsm; pku d yf sK;d jcif;/ aygi;f oifjcif;/ ajr=oZmxnfjh cif;/ yk;d r$m;rsm;
xdef;csKyfESdrfESif;jcif;ESifh qGwfcl;jcif; rsm;ponfwdk@udk ðyvkyfEkdifonf?
38 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
• u|Ek f y f w d k @ pd k u f y sKd ; abmif r sm; t=um; 0³5 rD w mcef @ tus,f & S d o nf h vl o G m ;vrf ; rsm; ðyvk y f
xm;&Sdoifhonf? TvloGm;vrf;rsm;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; vrf;av#mufjcif;ESifh tvkyfvkyf jcif;rsm;
ponfw@kd ukd taxmuf tulðyonf? u|Eyfk w f @kd O,smOf+cHrS aumuf,l pkpnf;xm; onfh opf&u G rf sm;/
jrufrsm;ESihf aygi;f yifrsm;udk rD;±_Œd jypf&ef rvkt d yfay? ‚if;wk@d ukd aumuf&;dk a[mif;rsm;/ tdrrf ;kd zufrsm;ESihf 3
pyg;cGrH sm; ponfw@kd EiS t hf wl vlomG ;vrf;ay: csxm;Ekid o f nf? Touf&dS ypPn;f rsm;onf tv#it f jref
aqG ; jrnf h o G m ;vd r f h r nf j zpf + yD ; / ajraqG ; jzpf v mojzif h u|Ek f y f w d k @ onf f pk d u f y sKd ; abmif r sm;
abmifjrifhrsm;
ajr=oZmaumif;rGefvm&eftwGuf tokH; ðyEdkifonf?
ykH (14) abmifjrifhrsm;

wl;qG&ef rvkt
d yfaom pku
d fabmifrsm;
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
O,smO/f pdkufysKd;cif;rsm;ESifh opfawmrsm;wdk@onf &kd;&Sif;onfh abmifjrifhrsm; ðyvkyfEkdif&ef twGuf
ypPnf; rsm;udk taxmuftyHhay;onff? opfwHk;rsm;/ 0g;/ O,smOfpGef@ypf ypPnf;/ opf&Guf/ zHk;tkyfypPnf;ESifh
ajraqG;tp&Sd onfh ypPnf;rsm;jzifh tvGefajrqD=oZmºuG,f0+yD; vG,fvifhwul ðyjyif xdef;odrf;Ekdifonfh
pkdufabmifrsm;udk ðyvkyf Ekdifonf?
ykH (15³1) wl;qG&ef rvkdtyfaompkdufabmif
opfw;kH rsm;/ pGey‹f pfypPn;f ESihf ajraqG;

opfw;kH rsm;/ pGe@f ypfypPn;f ESihf ajraqG;wd@k jzifh ðyvkyx
f m;onfh pku
d af bmifrsm;onf omref abmifjrifrh sm;
ESihf tvGeq
f ifw±l ;dk rm;&So
d nf? ‚if;wk@d onf tjrifh 15 pifwrD w D m rS 30 pifwrD w D m ESihf tus,f 1³0rS 1³5
rDwm &Sdoifhonf? abmifwpfckESifhwpfckt=um; 0³5 rDwmus,fonfh vloGm; vrf;rsm; &Sdoifhonf?
(1) pkdufysKd;abmifukd a&$;cs,fyg? aea&mifjcnfaumif;rGefpGm &Sdonfhae&mESifh a&rðryf onfhae&mudk a&$;yg?

pkdufabmifab;bufrsm; ðyvkyfEkdif&ef opfwkH;rsm;/ 0g;tp&Sdonfwkd@udk toHk;ðyyg? (yHk§15³1)
(2) iSuaf ysm&Guuf ohJ @dk us,o f nfh t&Gurf sm;ukd cyfxx l cl if;csxm;yg? Ttv$monf 5 - 10 pifwrD w D m
xloifh +yD;/ ausryG supf ;D oGm;vdrrhf nfjzpfojzifh ajrqDvm$ od@k ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm; jznfx
h nfah y;vdrrhf nf?
(3) t&Gurf sm;ay:ok@d opf&u G af jcmufrsm;/ tdrrf ;kd zufa[mif;rsm;/ od@k r[kwf pyg;cGt
H v$mrsm;ukd xyfrH cif;xm;
vkud yf g? Ttv$monfvnf; 5 - 10 pifwrD w D m txl&o dS ifo
h nf?
40 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(4) zHk;tkyfypPnf;tay:okd@ ajraqG; okd@r[kwf aqG;jrnfhonfh wd&p>mefacs;tv$m xyfrHjzef@cif;xm;yg/ (5 -
10 pifwDrDwm) (ykH§15³2)
(5) ajraqG; ok@d r[kwf wd&p>mefacs;tay:ok@d csuðf ywfonfh rD;zdrk S at;oGm;onfjh ym yrm% tenf;i,fudk
jzL;ay;yg? jymtvGefrsm;v#if tyifrsm;twGuf qkd;&Gm;apEdkifojzifh pdkufabmif t&G,ftpm;ay:rlwnf+yD; 3
vufEpS q f yk f - ok;H qkyu
f dk tok;H ðy+yD; pku
d af bmif rsuef mjyifay: nDnmyg; v$m pGm jzL;ay;yg?
d yfaom pdkufabmifrsm;
wl;qG&eff rvkt
ykH (15³2) wl;qG&ef rvkdtyfaompkdufabmiftv$mrsm;
(6) vktd yfygu pku d af bmifjynfo h mG ;onft

h xd aemufxyf zH;k tkyt f v$mESihf ajraqG;§wd&p>mefacs; tv$mwd@k ukd
xyf j znf h y g? ypP n f ; rsm; aqG ; jrnf h p Of a tmuf o k d @ ed r f h q if ; oG m ;rnf jzpf o jzif h pk d u f a bmif .
tv,ftay:xyfonf ab;txyfrsm;xuf tenf;i,fjrifhxm;ay;v#if aumif; rGefonf?
(7) rk d ; a&a=umif h ysuf p D ; r_ r S tumtuG , f ay;&ef E S i f h tm[m&"gwf r sm; xnf h o G i f ; ay;&mwG i f
taxmuftulðy&ef twGuf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f rsm;tv$mwpfvm$ udk xyfjznfx h nfah y;yg? (tcef;§4 ud=k unhyf g?)
(8) pdkufabmiftm; vkH;vHk;vsm;vsm; pkd&GJatmifa&avmif;ay;yg? pdkufabmifukd tokHk;rðyrD wpfygwfcef@
apmifhqdkif; v#if taumif;qkH;jzpfonff? okd@aomf rsKd;aphtrsKd;tpm; trsm;pkudk vkdtyfygu 24
em&Daemufydkif;wGif pdkufysKd; Edkifonf?

ESpfxyfabmif
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
ESpfxyf wl;qGjcif;onf oD;ESHabmifrsm;udk tvGefeuf±_dif;pGm jyifqifxm;jcif;jzifh ajr=oZm udk
wkd;yGm;ap onfh enf;wpfenf;jzpfonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ajrqDvGmxJokd@euf±_dif;pGm wl;qGv#if tyif.
tjr‡ p f r sm;twG u f tm[m&"gwf r sm; yd k r k d & &S d E d k i f a v jzpf o nf ? ES p f x yf a bmif r sm;onf omrmef
oD;ESHabmifrsm;xuf ydkrdkrsm;jym;aom tyifrsm;udk taxmuftyHhay;Ekdifonff? xkd@a=umifh ‚if;wkd@onf
O,smOfrsm; twGuf ae&modyfr&Sdonfh tajc taersm;wGif tvGeftokH;0ifonff?
ESpxf yfabmifwiG f ajrqDvm$ udk tenf;qk;H (60) pifwrD w D m eufatmifw;l qGonf? rmausm onfh
atmuf x yf a jrqD v $ m ud k yG v matmif ð yvk y f o jzif h tyif . tjr‡ p f r sm;onf xk d a jrqD v $ m xJ w G i f
jzef@um;oGm;Ekid +f yD; ‚if;wd@k . tm[m&"gwrf sm;ukd toH;k ðyEkid o f nf? Tod@k jzift h yif. tjr‡prf sm; ab;zufo@dk
jzef@um;oGm;+yD; teD;t em;&Sd tyifrsm;ESihf ,SO+f ydKifrnft h pm; atmufzufo@dk }uD;xGm;r_ udk tultnDay;onf?h
euf±id_ ;f onft h jr‡pf pepf onfvnf; a&avmif;ay;±ef vkt d yfru
_ dk avsmeh nf; aponf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf
euf±id_ ;f onfh ajrqDvm$ onf a&ud=k um&Snpf mG xde;f odr;f xm; onf? ESpx f yfabmifudk jyifqifcsefd Yf yifv#if
wd&p>mefacs; okkd@r[kwf ajraqG;rsm;udk jznfhpGufay;jcif; tm;jzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ajrqD=oZmudk ydkrdkI
wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmapEkdifonf?
ESpx
f yfabmiftwGi;f wGif tyifrsm;onf tvGeef ;D uyfpmG }uD;xGm;=uojzifh ouf&dS zH;k tkyf ypPn;f uJo h @dk
‚if;wd@k onf ajrqDvm$ . tay:,Hrsuef mjyifudk t&dyrf ;dk ay;onf?f Tok@d jzifh ajrqDvm$ ukd at;+yD; pGwpf adk ponf?
tyifrsm; vkHavmufpGm }uD;xGm;vmcsdefwGif t&dyfrsm;onf aygif;yifrsm; }uD;xGm;r_udk [ef@wm;&mwGif
taxmuf tulðyonf?
ðyvkyef nf;
(1) yHrk eS f abmifwpfcuk kd ðyvkyo f uJo
h @kd ESpx
f yfabmif wpfct k wGuf ae&mudk a&$;cs,+f yD; trSwf tom;ðyvkyyf g?
owd&p&m t&mwpfcrk mS ajrqDvm$ onf tvGeaf usmufxx l yfonfh ajrrjzpf &efom jzpfonf? &G@H ap;ajr
okd@r[kwf oJajrwdk@udkvnf; tokHk;ðyEkdifonf? okd@aomf ajraqG;ESifh wd&p>mefacs; tajrmuftrsm;ukd
jznf h x nf h ay;&ef vk d t yf a yvd r f h r nf ? ES p f x yf a bmif u k d pwif w l ; qG j cif ; rðyvk y f r D rnf u J h o k d @
ajr=oZmjznfx h nfah y;Ekid f onfudk Ttcef; aemufq;kH tyk'd u f dk zwf &_yg?
(2) ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd (30)pifwrD w D m teufxw d ;l I zGay;+yD;/ ajrtpkid tf cJrsm;ukd acsypfjcif;ESihf }uD;rm;onfh
ausmuf c J w k H ; }uD ; rsm;uk d z,f & S m ;jcif ; rsm; ðyvk y f y g? rsuf e mjyif u k d xG e f j cpf ok d @ r[k w f oif .
aygufwl;(aygufjym;) tem;om;jzifh nDnmatmif n‡day;yg?
ykH (16³1) wl;+yD;zGay;xm;ykH

42 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(3) 5-10 pifwDrDwm tv$m&Sd ajraqG; okd@r[kwf aqG;jrnfhonfh wd&p>mefacs;wdk@udk abmifwpfck vkH;&Sd
ajrqDvm$ tay:,H rsuef mjyifay:ok@d nDnmpGm jzef@}uJvu
dk yf g?
ESpfxyfabmifrsm;
ykH (16³2) ajraqG;tm;jzef‹usJxm;ykH
(4) abmif.t&Snfukd 50 - 70 pifwDrDwmtus,f&Sd tydkif;uav;rsm; jzpfatmif ykdif;jcm;Ekdif&ef 0g;

okd@r[kwf wkwfacsmif;rsm;ukd tokH;ðyyg?
ykH (16³3) abmiftm;ykdif;jcm;xm;ykH
(5) yxrOD;qH;k rSwo

f m;xm;onfh tydik ;f (tydik ;f 1) Y tqif(h 2) wGif wl;+yD; zGxm;onfh ajrqDukd z,f&mS ;yg?
TajrqDukd abmif. tjcm;wpfbufokd@ *&kwpkdufwifxm;vkdufyg?
ykH (16³4) ajrqDv$mtm;z,f&Sm;ykH
tcef;(3) pkdufysKd;cif;rsm;wGif 43
(6) tykdif;(1)&Sd atmufxyfajrqDv$mukd aemufxyf 30 pifwDrDwm atmufokd@ zGay;Ekdif&ef aygufjym;/
wGi;f wl;onfh wkwwf H ok@d r[kwf oHw&l iG ;f wpfcu
k dk tok;H ðyyg? TajrqDvmG udk rz,f &Sm;ygEiS ?hf
ykH (16³5) atmufxyfajrqDv$mtm;zGay;ykH

(7) tykid ;f (2) ajrqDvm$ . tay:xyf 30 pifwrD w
D mudk z,f&mS ;yg? TajrqDvm$ ukd tydik ;f (1) . atmufxyf
ajrqDv$modk@ wifvkdufyg?
ykH (16³6) ajrqDv$mtm; z,f&Sm;xm;ykH
(8) tqifh (6) twkdif; xyfIðyvkyfyg? tykdif;(2)&Sd atmufxyf ajrqDv$mudk aemufxyf 30 pifwDrDwm
atmufo@dk zaG y;Ekid &f ef aygujf ym;/ wGi;f wl;l onfh wkww
f H ok@d r[kwf oHw&l iG ;f wpfcu
k kd tok;H ðyyg? TajrqDvm$
udk rz,f&Sm;ygESifh?
ykH (16³7) tqifh 6 twkdif;xyfrHðyvkyfxm;ykH

44 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(9)tqifh (7) twkdif;xyfI ðyvkyfyg? tykdif; (3)&Sd ajrqDv$m. tay:xyf 30 pifwDrDwmudk z,f&Sm;yg?
TajrqD v$mudk tykid ;f (2) . atmufxyfajrqDvm$ ay:od@k wifvu
dk yf g? Tðyvkyf enf;twkid ;f oifaemuf
qH;k tykid ;f a&mufonfh txdqufvufI ðyvkyyf g?
3
ESpfxyfabmifrsm;
ykH (16³8) tqifh 7 twkdif;xyfrHðyvkyfxm;ykH
(10) tjcm;aom tydik ;f toD;oD;rsm; enf;wlaemufq;Hk tykid ;f wGif atmufxyfajrqDvm$ udk wl;+yD; zG ay;yg?
oihaf bmif. tjcm;wpfzufo@dk wifxm;vdu k o
f nfh tykid ;f (1)rS tay:xyf ajrqDvm$ udk ,l+yD; aemufq;kH
tykdif;&Sd ajrqDv$may:okd@wifxm;vkdufyg?
ykH (16³9) aemufqkH;tykdif;ðyvkyfykH
(11) ,cktcsdefwGif ESpfxyfabmifwl;jcif; vkyfief;+yD;pD;oGm;+yD; jzpfonf? rsufemjyifukd xGefjcpff okd@r[kwf

oif. aygufjym;tem;om;jzifh nDnmatmif!‡day;yg? abmifay:odk@ wufrESif;rd&ef*&k pkdufyg?
ykH (16³10) rsufESmjyifukd nDnmatmifðyvkyfxm;ykH

(12) abmifxo J @dk ajr=oZmudk abmif. topfjzpfonfh tydik ;f ay:ok@d cswifvu dk wf idk ;f tay:xyf ajr qDvm$ ESihf
a&mar$ a y;jcif ; rsm;ðyvk y f y g? Tenf ; onf taumif ; qH k ; enf ; jzpf o nf ? tb,f a=umif h qk d a omf
tm[m&"gwf rsm;onf ajrqDv$m. teufydkif;okd@ a&muf&SdoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpf+yD;/ =um&SnfcH vdrfhrnf
jzpfonf? 'kwd,enf;rSm ykdrkdvG,fulonf? tb,fa=umifh qdkaomf ajrqD =oZmukd jyifqif+yD; onfh
abmif. tay:xyfwGifom xyfjznfhxnfh+yD; atmufokd@ a&muf&Sd atmif wll;qGay;onf? rnfonfh
enf ; uk d a&$ ; cs,f & rnf r S m oif h t ay: wG i f rl w nf o nf ? 10 pwk & ef ; rD w m abmif w pf c k t wG u f
aumif;rGefonfh ajr=oZm a&mpyfjcif;udk atmufyg twkdif; pm&if;ðypk azmfjyxm;onf?
• 10 uDvdk - ajraqG; ok@d r[kwf aqG;jrnfo h nfh wd&p>mefacs; ?

• 1 uDvdk - jym ?
• 1 uDvdk - t&k;d r_e@f o@dk r[kwv
f if;Ek@kd acs; ?
• 1 uDvdk - }udwx f m;onfh =uufOcGrH sm; od@k r[kwf a,mufomG ;cG/H c±kcrHG sm; tp&So
d nfjzifh ?
• 1³5 uDvdk - ig;r_e@f / abmpfpukid ;f &Gurf sm; ok@d r[kwf yJ&u G rf sm; ?
ajr=oZmudk abmifay:odk@ jzef@xm;vkdufyg? ‚if;aemuf ajr=oZmudk 15 pifwDrDwm atmufokd@

a&mufoGm;atmif aygufjym;wpfckukd tokHk;ðy+yD; wl;qGyg? a&udk aumif;rGefpGm avmif;ay;+yD; pdkufysKd;jcif;
rðyvkyrf D tenf;qH;k 24 em&D apmifq
h idk ;f yg? tpk"d gwEf iS hf tm[m& "gwrf sm;ukd xde;f odr;f xm; Ekid f &eftwGuf
tpOfojzifh abmifay:okd@ aumif;rGefonfh zHk;tkyfypPnf; tv$mjznfh xnfhay;yg?
ykH (16³11) ajr=oZmtm; jznfhxm;ykH
46 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
ajraqG;jcif; abmifrsm;onf omrmefabmifjrifh rsm;jzpf+yD; jcif;rsm;ukd ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f wku d &f udk af e&m
csxm;onf? Tjcif;rsm;udk rD;zdak jcmifxu G f pGe@f ypfypPn;f rsm; /O,smOfpeG @f ypfpn P ;f rsm; ESi@f yJyif rsm;. t&Gurf sm;
jzifjh znfh pGux f m;onf? jcif;ywfywfvnfY oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk pdu k yf sKd ;onf? jcif;rsm;xJ&dS ypPn;f rsm;onf aqG;jrnf+h yD; 3
ywf y wf v nf w G i f pd k u f x m;onf h t yif r sm;twG u f tm[m &"gwf r sm;ud k ajrqD v $ m xJ o d k @
rS e f r S e f x k w f v G i f h a y;onf ? ajraqG ; jcif ; abmif r sm;ud k toH k ; jyKv#if ‚if ; wd k @ onf ajrqD = oZm
ykrd x
kd ufoefavjzpfonf? oD;ESyH ifrsm; trsm; tjym;pdu k yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf? od@k aomf yJawmif&h n S rf sm;/ i&ky/f c&rf;rsm;/
&Hk;ywD/ ajymif;zl;/yJ=um;rsm;/ yJykyfESifhz&Hk ponf wdk@udk pdkufysKd;v#if trsm;qHk; atmifjrifonf?
ykH (17) ajraqG;jcif;abmifrsm;
ypPn;f rsm;
• tenf;qH;k 30pifwrD w D m tcsi;f &S+d yD;/ 30pifwrD w
D m tjrif&h o dS nfh 0g; od@k r[kwf }udrjf cif;/ tvm;wl
twdkiftwmrsm; &&SdEdkifygu a[mif;EGrf;onfh odk@r[kwf ysufpD;aeonfhjcif;/ yHk;rsm;ponf w@dkudk
toH;k ðy Edik o f nf?
• rD;zkad csmifrS vufuseyf pPn;f rsm;/ aygi;f yifrsm;/ jrufyifrsm;/ jzwfxm;onfh oD;ESyH if/ wd&p>mef acs;rsm;
tp &Sdonfh rnfonfh ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf;udkrqdk toHk;ðyEdkifonf? TypPnf; trsm; tjym;udk
O,smOfxw J iG f tvkyf vkyaf epOf pkaqmif;odr;f qnf;xm;Edik o f nf? abmpfuikd ;f ESihf cs,&f uD o
hJ @kd aom
yJtrsKd ;tpm;wd@k rS &&do
S nfh t&Gurf sm;onf E_u d xf &d*k si"f gw.
f aumif;aom t&if;tjr‡prf sm; jzpfonf?
ðyvkyef nf;
u|eyf w
f @kd onf ajraqG;jcif;abmifrsm;twGuf abmifjrifth a[mif;rsm;udk toH;k ðy Edik o f nf? od@k r[kwf
abmifjrifhtopfwpfckudk ðyvkyfEdkifonf?
(1) ae&mudk&Sif;jyD; aemiftoHk;ðy&eftwGuf rnfonfh ouf&Sd ypPnf;rsm;udk rqdk odrf;qnf;xm;yg?
oifvdktyfrnfh tjcm;ypPnf;rsm;udk pkaqmif;odrf;qnf;xm;yg?
(2) abmifjrifhrsm;wGif oif.jcif;rsm; 0ifqef@Edkif&eftwGuf vHkavmufaomtus,f&Sd wGif;rsm;udk wl;yg?
wGif;rsm; onf wpfckESifhwpfck 1 rDwmtuGmESifh teuf 15 pifwDrDwm&Sdoifhonf?
(3) wGi;f rsm;xJo@kd jcif;rsm;udk wpf0ufðryfwpf0ufay: taetxm;wGif csxm;yg? (15 pifwrD w D m teufjzpf
onf)?
(4) yxrOD;pGm jcif;rsmxJo@kd wd&p>mefacs;ESihf aqG;jrnfo
h nfo
h uf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;udk xnfyh g? r=umrD ajrqDvm$ &Sd
ouf&Sd tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; pwiftvkyfvkyfvdrfhrnf?
(5) ‚if;aemufjcif;rsm;xJodk@ vwfqwf+yD; tenf;i,fomaqG;jrnfhonfh ypPnf;rsmudkxnfhyg? jcif;udk

xdyfrsm;txd a&mufatmifjznfh+yD; jcif;xJodk@ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf;rsm;udk xyfwvJvJ jznfhpGufay;jcif; jzifh
jcif;udk jynfhEdkiforSs tjynfhxm;&SdEdkif&ef }udK;pmtm;xkwfyg? tjcm;aom ajraqG;xkwfvkyf onfhyHkpHrsm;
enf;wljcif;rsm;xJ&Sd ypPnf; rsm;udk u|efyfwdk@vSefavmay;&ef rvdktyfay? (tu,fI u|Ekfyfwdk@onf
wd&p>mefacs;rsm;ESifh aqG;jrnfhonfh ouf&Sd±kyfypPnfrsm;udk &SmazGtoHk;ðy Ekdifygu oif.rsKd;aphrsm;ESifh
tyif a yguf u av;rsm;ud k csuf j cif ; pd k u f y sKd ; Ek d i f onf ? tu,f I oif o nf opf & G u f p d r f ; rsm;ES i f h
jrufpdrf;rsm;ponfh vwfqwfonfh ypPnf;rsm;udkom toHk;ðyyg u pdkufysKd;jcif; rðyvkyfrD jcif;xJ&Sd
ypPnf;rsm;aqG;jrnfhEdkif&ef 2 - 3ywfapmifhqdkif;&ef vdktyfvdrfhrnf?)
(6) rsKd;aphrsm; odk@r[kwf tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk jcif;.ab;ywfywfvnfE_wfcrf;rS 5 - 10 pifwDrDwm
tuGm wGif pdu k yf sK;d yg? jcif;rsm;. twGi;f ydik ;f wGif rpdu k yf sK;d Edik yf g? tyifrsm;udk a&avmif;rnft
h pm; jcif;rsm;.
tv,f A[dx k oJ @kd a&avmif;yg? TuJo h @kd a&avmif;ay;vSsif aqG;jrnfjh cif;udk taxmuf tulðy+yD; tyif.
tjr‡pfrsm; jcif;xJodk@ jyef@ESHoGm;r_udk tm;ay;&ef a&mufonf?
(8) oD;ESrH sm; qGwcf ;l +yD;aemuf jcif;xJro S uf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;udk z,fxw k +f yD; ab;ywfywfvnf&dS ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd
wl;ðryfxm;yg? TuJo h @kd ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh aemifvmrnfh rsK;d aphEiS hf tyifayguf uav;rsm;. rsK;d qufopfrsm;udk
taxmuftulay;&m a&muf&Sdvdrfhrnf? ,cifenf;twdkif; xyfrHI toifhjyifqifyg?
48 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
puf0kdif;abmifrsm;
a,bk,s oHk;oyfcsuf
• puf0ikd ;f abmifrsm;onf ajraqG;jcif;abmifrsm;ESihf tvGeq f ifwo l nf? ‚if;onf tm[m& "gww f @kd ukd
wpfae&mwnf;wGif pkpnf;xm;+yD; cufco J nfh tajctaersm;ESihf ae&musO;f usO;f av;wGif tyiftrsK;d
tpm; trsm;tjym;udk pdu k yf sK;d &efxad &mufonfh enf;vrf;wpfcjk zpf onf? ‚if;wd@k onf uav;rsm;ESihf 3
touft&G,f }uD;&ifholrsm;twGuf toHk;0ifonf? tb,f
a}umifq h akd omf ‚if;wd@k ukd ðyvky&f efEiS hf xde;f odr;f apmifh a&Smuf&ef
puf0kdif;abmifrsm;
vG,fulonf? puf0dkif;abmif;rsm;udk rnfonfhae&m Yrqdk
ae&mwdkif; vdkvdkwGif ðyvkyfEdkifonf? tb,fa}umifhqdk aomf
‚if;wkd@onf ae&m odyfrsm;rsm; rvdk tyfacs?
• puf 0 d k i f ; abmif r sm;onf ajraqG ; ajr}oZmud k r vd k t yf a y?
tb,fa}umifhqdkaomf u|Ekfyfwdk@ rD;zdkacsmifrsm;/ O,sOfrsm;ESifh
awmwGi;f rS &&So d nfh ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f wd@k ukd csucf si;f toH;k ðyEdik f
jcif;a}umifhjzpfonf? tcsdef }umvmonfESifhtnD ouf&Sd
&kyfypPnf;rsm; aqG;jrnfhvmpOf ajrqDv$mabmifonf ydkrdkI
ajrqD}oZm wd;k wufaumif;rGev f monf?
• puf0dkif;abmifrsm;udk ajcmufaoG@&moDwGif toHk;ðyEdkifonf?
tb,fa=umihfqdkaomf u|Ekfyfwdk@onf a&tajrmuftrsm; toHk; ðy&efrvdktyfay? u|Ekfyfwdk@.
rD;zdak csmifrsm;ESihf a&csK;d cef;rS xGuv f monfh a&t avtvGirhf sm;udk toH;k ðyEdik +f y;D ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;onf
a&aiG@ysjH cif; udk wm;qD;&mwGif taxmuftul ðyonf?
• puf0ikd ;f abmifrsm;udk =um=umtoH;k ðyvSsiyf rkd I kd ajrqD=oZmaumif;avjzpfonf?
• puf0ikd ;f abmifrsm;udk ESpw f okd ;D ESyH ifrsm;twGuf ao;ao;ðyvkyEf ikd +f yD; ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm =um &Sncf rH nfh
tyifrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d &eftwGuf }uD;}uD;ðyvkyEf ikd yf gonf?
ykH (18³2) rD;zkad csmifab;&Sd puf0idk ;f abmif
ao;i,fonfh puf0ikd f;abmif
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) puf0dkif;abmif wpfcktwGuf ae&mwpfck a&$;cs,fyg? a&ykdufacgif;xm;onfh ae&mrsm;/ rD;zdkajcmifrsm;/
td r f o mrsm; ponf w d k @ onf aumif ; onf h ae&mrsm; jzpf o nf ? tb,f a =umih f qk d a omf
puf0kdif;abmifrsm;onf a&tav tvGifhrsm;udk tokH;ðyEkdifonf?
ykH (19³1) ao;i,fonfh puf0idk ;f abmif
(2) tenf;qkH; (1) rDwmtcsif;&Sd+yD;/ teuf 30 pifwDrDwm&Sd usif;wpfusif;wl;yg? tay:,H ajrqDv$mESifh

atmufxyf ajrqDvm$ wd@k ukd oD;jcm;pD cGx
J m;yg? twGi;f ykid ;f ukd ',ft;dk yHpk EH iS hf wlatmif wl;,lyg? (yk§H 19³1)
(3) puf0idk ;f . tem;owf ywfvnfay:ok@d usi;f rS xkw, f x l m;onfh atmufxyfajrqDvm$ ukd zd@k wifvu dk yf g?
tay:,H ajrqDvm$ udk Ttxyfay:ok@d xyfwifvu dk yf g?
(4) usi;f udk opf&u G pf rd ;f rsm;/ opf&u
G af jcmuf/ jrufajcmuf/ aumuf&;dk a[mif;/ wd&p>mefacs; tp&So d nfh ouf&dS
&kyfypPnf; ponfwdk@jzifh jznfhxnfhyg? Touf&Sd&kyfypPnf;wdk@onf r=umrD aqG;jrnfhoGm;vdrhfrnf jzpf+yD;
ajraqG; jzpfvmrnf?
(5) puf0kdif;. tem;owf ywfvnfwGif [if;oD;[if;&Guf taphrsm;/ tyifaygufav;rsm;wkd@ukd pkdufysKd;yg?
yxrvwGif aqG;jrnfEh idk af om ouf&dS &kyyf pPn;f rS tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk &&SEd idk v f rd rhf nf r[kwyf g? xd@k a=umifh
aumif;aom t}uHtpnf wpfcrk mS ajrqD=oZm tvsit f jref wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&ef yxrtaejzifh
yJwDpdrf; uJhokd@aom yJtrsKd;0if oD;ESHyifwdk@udk pdkufyg? (ykH§19³2)
ykH (19³2) ao;i,fonfh puf0idk ;f abmif ygwv

f nfpu
dk yf sK;d xm;ykH
50 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
}uD;rm;onfh puf0ikd f;abmif
puf0ikd ;f }uD;abmifudk puf0idk ;f ao;abmifuohJ @dk ðyvkyo f nf? rwl xl;jcm;onfrmS ‚if;onf ESpq
f }uD;+yD;
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom tyifrsm;ukd pdu k yf sK;d onf? puf0idk ;f }uD;abmiftwGuf aumif;rGef onfh twkid ;f twmrSm
tcsi;f 2 rDwmjzpf+yD;/ teuf 1 rDwmjzpfonf? (yk³H 20³1) 3
puf0kdif;abmifrsm;
ykH (20³1) }uD;rm;onfh puf0kdif;abmif
puf0kdif;ab;ywfvnf wpf0kdufwGif oufwrf;wdk oD;ESHrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;udk pdkufysKd;rnfhtpm; oabmFyif

(t&Snrf sK;d ) ESihf iSuaf ysmyifrsm; (tykrsK;d ) wd@k ukd a&maempdu
k yf sK;d onf? ToD;ESH rsK;d EG,pf rk sm; atmuf ESihf usi;f .
tem;owfywfvnfwGif u|efyfwdk@onf t&dyfwGif &Sifoef&ef ESpfouf=uonhf ydef;yifESifh uefpGef;O wdk@udk
pkdufysKd;=uonf? (ykH§20³2)
ykH (20³2) }uD;rm;onfh puf0idk ;f abmifywfvnf pku

d yf sK;d xm;ykH
jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifh pku
d fysKd;jcif;
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifh tyifrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d jcif;onf ajrae&mESihf a&tuef@twef@ &So d nfh ae&mrsm;wGif
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;udk pdu k yf sK;d &mwGif trsm;qk;kH xda&mufr&_ o dS nhf enf;wpf enf;jzpfonf? ajrqDvm$ / tm[m&
"gwrf sm;ESihf a&tm;vk;H wd@k onf wpfae&mwnf;wGif pkpnf;pGm&S+d yD;/ tyif. tjr‡prf sm; twGuv f ,G v
f ifw
h ul &&Sd
Edik o
f nf?
[if;oD;[if;&Guyf ifrsm; tm;vk;H enf;yg;udk jcif; awmif;rsm;xJwiG f pdu k yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf? ok@d aomf pkpnf;
onfh tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk tusKd;&dS&Sd tokH;ðyEdkifonfh toD;oD;onfh oD;ESHyifrsm;twGuf taumif;qkH;
oifah wmfonf? Oyrm - ‚if;wk@d xw J iG f yg0ifonfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;rSm c&rf;csO/f z&k/H =uuf[if;cg;/ i&kyk Ef iS hf csOaf ygiyf if
rsm; jzpfonf?
jcif;awmif;rsm;udk ae&mifjcnfa&muf&SdEkdifonfh rnfonfhae&mwGifrqdk csxm;Ekdifonf? ‚if;wkd@udk
twl wuG wpfae&mwnf;wGif csxm;Ekid +f yD; 0if;xH&iH ,fav;wpfcjk zifh tumtuG,f ay;Ekid o f nf? od@k r[kwf
wd&p>mef rsm;/ uav;rsm; wkd@ESifh cyfa0;a0; ajrjyifrS jr‡ifhonfhae&mwGif wifxm;Ekdifonf?
jcif;awmif; rsm;jzifh pduk yf sK;d jcif; vrf;!$ew f pfcu k kd Ttcef; aemufq;kH ydik ;f wGif xnfw h iG ;f azmfjy xm; onf?
jcif;awmif;rsm;
ajrqDv$m xdef;xm;Ekdif&ef vkHavmufonfh cdkifcHhr_ESifh tenf;qHk; pdkufysKd;&moDwpf}udrf (4-10)v
twGi;f a&&Sncf EH idk o f nfh rnfonfh ypPn;f ukrd qkd jcif;-awmif; tjzpf tok;H ðyEkid o f nf?f 0g;rsm; vkaH vmufpmG
&&S d y gu 0g;jcif ; rsm;onf tvG e f a umif ; rG e f o nf f ? qef / yJ r sm;ES i h f rD ; aoG ; rsm;twG u f tok H ; ðycJ h o nf h
tdw=f urf;rsm;onf tvGeaf umif;rGeo f nfh pduk yf sK;d &ef jcif;awmif;rsm;jzpfonf?f yvyfpwpf yH;k a[mif;rsm;ESihf
pnf y d k i f ; wk d @ onf v nf ; aumif ; rG e f o nf ? ok d @ aomf a&pd r f h x G u f E d k i f & ef yk H ; atmuf a jcyk d i f ; teD ;
taygurf sm;azmufxm;oifo h nf?f qDy;kH rsm; uJo
h @dk aom owWKyk;H rsm;udk tok;H ðy Ekid o f nf? od@k aomf owWKonf
aeyl&edS af =umifh v#ijf refpmG yljyif;vmEkid +f yD; tyif . tjr‡prf sm; ysupf ;D oGm;Ekid o f nf? pku d yf sK;d jcif;rsm; rðyvkyrf D
jyefvnftokH;ðyonfh ykH;rsm;udk tqdyf"gwf jzpfapEkdif onfh ypPnf;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm;
aq;ausmoif h o nf ? !S p f n rf ; r_ r S tumtuG , f ay;Ek d i f & ef twG u f yvyf p wpf r sm;ud k yH k ; rsm;.
twGif;cHtv$mtjzpf toHk;ðyoifhonf?
ykH (21³1) qeftdwfa[mif;rsm;jzifh pkdufysKd;xm;ykH

52 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
tajccH oD;ESyH if = jcif;
ajrtuef@twef@&Sdonfh ae&mrsm;wGif tyifrsm;udk pkdufysKd;&mwGif toHk;ðy&eftwGuf &kd;&Sif;onfh
jcif;awmif; trsK;d tpm;rsm; &So d nf? rnfonhyf pPn;f trsK;d tpm;udrk qkd tok;H ðyEkid o f nf? 0g;/ qeftw
d rf sm;/
yHk;a[mif;rsm;jzpfonf? 0g;ESifh qeftdfwfrsm;onf yHkrSeftm;jzifh pkdufysKd;csdef wpfcsdef wGifom =um&SnfcHojzifh 3
(10) v twGif;&ifhrnfhonhf wpfESpfcHyifrsm;ukd pdkufysKd;v#if taumif;qkH; jzpfonf?
jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifhpkdufysKd;jcif;
ykH (21³2) tajccHoD;ESHyifjcif;
tv,fwGif ouf&&Sd kyfypPnf;jznfhxnfh&ef jcif; tydkygonfhoD;ESyH if jcif;

T jcif;rsm;onf txufwiG f az: jycJo h nfh tajccH jcif; trsK;d tpm;xuf ydrk }kd uD;ojzifh ‚if;xJwiG f
tyif rsm;udk ydrk pkd u
kd yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? tyif}uD;xGm;r_ukd wd;k wufaumif;rGev
f map&eftwGuf wd&p>mefacs;/ ajraqG;
odk@r[kwf tjcm;aomajr=oZm jznfhxnfhay;Edkif&ef tv,fwGif txl; jcif;wpfck xnfhoGif;xm;onf?
ykH (21³3) tv,fwGif jcif;tykdygonfh oD;ESHyifjcif;
pifrsm;yg&So d nfh oD;ESyH if jcif;
wG,w f ufonfh tyifrsm; pdu k yf sK;d Edik &f eftwGuf ab;ywfvnfwiG f 0g; od@k r[kwf 0g,mpifrsm;yg&o dS nfh
oD;ESjH cif;rsm;jzpfonf? ‚if;udk udik w f , G af qmif&u G &f mwGif vG,u f o l nf? aea&mifjcnfukd aumif;rGepf mG toH;k ðy
ap+yD;/ yJ/ ocGg;rsm;/ yJvif;a¹rG ESihf =uuf[if;cg; uJo h @kd aom oD;ESyH ifrsm;twGuf txl;aumif;rGeo f nf? 0g; ESihf
0g,m}udK;rsm;onf aps;}uD;Edik o f nf? od@k r[kwf pcef;rsm;twGi;f wGif &SmazG&&S&d ef cufc+J yD; xH;k pHt& z&Hyk ifrsm;udk
pdu
k yf sK;d &ef vHak vmufonfh }uH@cikd rf r_ &Sad cs?
ykH (21³4) pifyg&o

dS nfh oD;ESyH ifjcif;
qwdk; oD;ESyH if jcif;rsm;ESifh pifrsm;
T jcif;awmif;rsm;onf txufwGifaz: jycJhonfh jcif;wpfckwnf; toHk;ðyonfh oabmw&m;
twdkif; toHk;ðyonf? odk@aomf tdrfab;em; usOf;ajrmif;onfhae&mrsm; wav#muf odk@r[kwf +cHpnf;&dk;
wav#muf vHak vmufonfah ea&mifjcnf &&Sad eoI tyifrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d Edidk o
f nf? tyifrsm;udk uGjJ ym; jcm;em;
onfh tqifhrsm;wGif ydkrdkpdkufysKd;Edkifojzifh pifrsm;tm; ydkrdkI tusKd;&Sd&Sd toHk;csEdkifonf?
ykH (21³5) qwk;d oD;ESyH ifjcif;rsm;ESifh pifrsm;

54 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
oD;ESyH if jcif;ESifhtrd fpifrsm;
Tenf;onf aumif;rGefonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ae&moufomap+yD; aea&mifjcnf trsm;
tjym; &&So d nf? od@k aomf tdrt f rd;k udk zuf od@k r[kwf jrufrsm;jzifh ðyvkyyf gu tyifrsm; tpd"k gwu f kd pkw,
f l
xm;onfESifh tnD trdk;rsm; wpfESpfcef@ aemufydkif;wGif aqG;jrnfhvdrfhrnf? tu,fI trdk;udk oGwfjzifh 3
ðyvkyyf gu tjrifq h ;kH aea&mifjcnfwiG f ylvmrnfjzpf+yD;/ t&Gurf sm;udk ysupf ;D ap+yD;/ oD;ESx
H u
G rf _ usqif; aponf?
ykH (21³6) oD;ESyH ifjcif;rsm;ESihf tdrpf ifrsm;
rD;zdkacsmifESifh yefuefaq;pOf wpf0ku
d f&Sd oD;ESyH if jcif;
r=umc% qdkovdk Tae&mwpf0dkufudk rnfonfhta=umif;a=umifhr# toHk;rðyacs? tavtvGifh
a&rsm; udk toHk;ðyEdkif&ef ‚if;teD;wpf0dkufwGif jcif;awmif;rsm;udk qGJcsdwfxm;v#if aumif;rGefonfh
t,ltqwpfck jzpfEdkif onf? r=umc% qdkovdkrD;zdkacsmif pGef@ypfypPnf;rsm; onf acG;/ =uufrsm;ESifh
0ufrsm;tm; qGJaqmifr_ay;ojzifh jcif;rsm;ESifh tyifrsm;udk rSefuefpGm tumtuG,fray;ygu ysufpD;oGm;
apEdkifonf? jcif;rsm;xJwGif pdkufysKd;xm; onfh tyifrsm;tm; a&trsm;tjym; ravmif;rd&ef aocsmatmif
ðyvkyyf g? oD;ESx H uG rf _ trsm;tjym; usqif; apvdrrhf nf?
ykH (21³7) rD;zkad csmifw0ku

d f oD;ESyH ifjcif;rsm;
tqifhrsm;ay: &So
d D;ESyH if jcif;rsm;
tqifhatmufwGif vGwfaeonfhae&mudk ypPnf;rsm; odkavSmif&ef odk@r[kwf t&dyf}udKufonfh
tyifrsm; udk pdkufysKd;&ef toHk;ðyonf? pcef;rsm;wGif TuJhodk@ tqifhvdkuf jr‡ifhwifxm;onfh O,smOfrsKd;
ðyvkyf&eftwGuf vHkavmufonfh 0g;rsm;ESifh opfom;rsm; &&Sd&ef cufcJ+yD; aps;}uD;onf?
ykH (21³8) tqifrh sm;ay:&Sd oD;ESyH ifjcif;rsm;
opfyifrsm;ay:wGif wifxm;onfh oD;ESyH if jcif;rsm;

Tenf;onf oD;ESyH ifrsm;rS opfyifukd ouf&pdS ifrsm;tjzpf toH;k ðy+yD;/ ‚if;wd@k tm; zsupf ;D wwfonfh
ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh tjcm;wd&p>mefrsm;rS tumtuG,fay;&ef taxmuftul ðyonf? opfyif teD; wpf0dkuf&Sd
tay:,H ajrqDv$monf jcif;rsm;xJwGif xnfhoGif; toHk;ðy&ef tvGefaumif;rGef onf?
ykH (21³9) opfyifay:&Sd oD;ESyH ifjcif;rsm;

56 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
oD;ESyH if jcif;rsm;twGuf ajrqDv$m
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk jcif;awmif;rsm;xJwiG f pdu

k yf sK;d &eftwGuf ajrqDvm$ oH;k rsK;d
3
cif;awmif; ajrqDvm$ (&d;k &d;k )
(1) jcif
(u) opfawmrsuEf mS jyifay:od@k aºuGusvmonfh opf&u G rf sm; od@k r[kwf abmpfuikd ;f / cs,&f D uJoh @kd aom
yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;rS t&Guaf jcmufw@kd ukd pkaqmif;xm;yg? opf&u G pf rd ;f rsm;udk toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf?
ok@d aomf tyifrsm; rpdu k yf sK;d rD tenf;qH;k ESpyf wfapmifh qdik ;f &rnf?
(c) jcif;. atmufyikd ;f wpf0u kd u f kd t&Gurf sm;jznfxh nfyh g? (30pifwrD w D mteufonf taumif;qH;k
jzpfonf)?
(*) jcif;. uset f ydik ;f udk aumif;rGeo f nfh tay:,H ajrqDvm$ od@k r[kwf ajraqG;rsm;udk jznfx h nfyh g?
(tenf;qH;k 15pifwrD w D m)
(C) rsK;d aph od@k r[kwf tyifayguu f av;rsm;udk pduk yf sK;d +yD; a&&GaJ eatmifavmif;yg?
(2) jcif ; awmif ; ajrqD v $ m (toD ; xk w f v k y f j cif ; )

T a&mpyfxm;onfh ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f tyGiEhf iS hf toD;rsm; zG@H +zdK;r_twGuf rD;pke;f "gwrf sm;onf aumif;
rGeo
f nfh yrm% yg0ifonf?
(u) opfawm rsuEf mS jyifay:od@k aºuGusvmonfh opf&u G rf sm; od@k r[kwf abmpfuikd ;f / cs,&f u D ohJ @kd aom
yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;rS t&Guaf jcmufrsm;wd@k ukd pkaqmif;xm;yg? opf&u G pf rd ;f rsm;udk toH;k ðyEdik f
onf? od@k aomf tyifrsm; rpdu k yf sK;d rD tenf;qH;k ESpyf wfapmifq h ikd ;f &rnf?
(c) aumif;rGeo f nfh tay:,H ajrqDvm$ od@k r[kwf O,smOfajrqDvm$ ESpq f udkd ajraqG;wpfqESihf oef@pif
xm;onfh oJwpfqwd@k ukd ES@H pyfatmif a&mar$ay;yg? TuJo h @kd a&ar$aepOf yr% tenf;i,f&dS
vif;Ed@k acs;ESihf opfom;jym
m;jymwd@k ukd jznfx h nfyh g? (vufwpfqyk x f nfv h #if vHak vmufonf)
(*) jcif;. atmufyikd ;f wpf0u kd u
f kd t&Gurf sm;jzifjh znfx h nfyh g? (30pifwrD w D m teufonf taumif;qH;k
jzpfonf)
(C) a&mpyfxm;onfh ajrqDvm$ udk jcif;xJo@kd tenf;qH;k 15 pifwrD w D m&Sad tmif jznfx h nfyh g? rsK;d aph
odk@r[kwf tyifaygufuav;rsm; pdkufysKd;+yD; a&&GJatmif avmif;yg?
(3) jcif ; awmif ; ajrqD v $ m (t&G u f x k w f v k y f j cif ; )

Ta&mpyfxm;onfh ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f t&Gurf sm;zG@H òzd;r_ twGuf E_u d x
f &k*d si"f gwo
f nf aumif;rGeo f nfh
yrm% yg0ifonf?
(u) opfawm rsufESmjyifay:odk@ aºuGusvmonfh opf&GufaqG;rsm;odk@r[kwf abmpfudkif;/ cs,f&D
uJo
h @kd aom yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;rS t&Guaf jcmufrsm;wd@k ukd pkaqmif;xm;yg? t&Gupf rd ;f rsm;udk
toH;k ðyEdik f onf? od@k aomf tyifrsm; rpdu k yf sK;d rD tenf;qH;k ESpyf wf apmifq h ikd ;f &rnf?
(c) jcif;.atmufyikd ;f wpf0ufukd t&Gurf sm; jzifjh znfx h nfyh g? (30pifwrD w D mteufonf taumif;qH;k
jzpfonf)?
(*) aumif;rGeo f nfh tay:,H ajrqDvm$ od@k r[kwf O,smOfajrqDvm$ 2qudkd ajraqG; 1qESihf oef@pif
xm;onfh oJ 1qwd@k ukd ES@H pyfatmif a&mar$ay;yg? TuJo h @kd a&mar$aepOf vwfqwfonfh 0ufacs;
1§2 qudk jznfx h nfyh g?
(C) a&mpyfxm;onfh ajrqDvm$ udk jcif;xJo@kd tenf;qH;k 15 pifwrD w D m&Sad tmif jznfx
h nfyh g? rsK;d aph
od@k r[kwf tyifayguu f av;rsm; pduk yf sK;d +yD; a&&GaJ tmif avmif;yg?
a&avmif;jcif;
jcif;rsm;wGif pku
d yf sK;d xm;onfh tyifrsm;onf pdu k yf sK;d abmifEiS hf v,fuu G rf sm;wGif pku
d yf sK;d xm;onfh
tyifrsm;xuf a&r=umc% ydrk akd vmif;ay;&ef vdt k yfonf? tb,fa=umifh qkad omf a&aiG@rsm;ukd xde;f xm;Edik &f ef
jcif;xJwiG f xkxnftenf;i,fom &So d nfh ajrqDvm$ rsm; &Sjd cif;a=umifh jzpfonf? tusK;d ðyr_rmS a&trsm;pkukd
tyiftjrp‡ rf sm;rS pkw,
f ol ;Hk pGo
J jzifh a&,dpk ;D r_a=umifh jzpfay:vm&aom tavtvGihf tvGeef nf;yg;onf? tpk"d gwf
prf;oyfppfaq;&eftwGuf oifv h uf acsmif;rsm;udk ajrqDvm$ xJ 5 pifwrD w D m0ifatmifx;dk xnfyh g? tu,fI
ajcmufaoG@aeygu jcif;atmuf ajcrSwqifh pD;xGufrsm;onfhtxd jcif;udk a&&GJ&GJavmif;yg?
ajrqD-oZm xnfhay;jcif;
jcif;xJwiG f xkxnftenf;i,fom &So d nfh ajrqDvm$ rsm; &Sjd cif;a=umifh tyifrsm;ukd r=umc% ajr=oZm
xnfah y;&ef vkt d yfonf? tyiftrsK;d tpm;rsm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k . }uD;xGm;r_ tqifah y:rlwnfI ajr=oZmrsm;udk ESpyf wf
v#if wpf}urd f jznfxh nfah y;oifo h nf? ajr=oZmt&nfudk tok;H ðyv#if taumif;qk;H jzpfonf (tcef;§5 uk=d unfyh g)?
TuJo h @dk ðyvkyaf y;jcif;jzifh tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk tpm;xk;d ay;vdrrhf nfjzpf+yD; ajrqDvm$ twGi;f &Sd ao;i,fonfh
t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. aumif;rGeo f nfh ta&twGuu f kd xde;f odr;f ay;vdrhf rnf? ajr=oZm t&nfonf
odyfrjyif;apbJ tyifrsm;tm; avmifu|rf;apjcif; okd@r[kwf aoausapjcif;rsm; rjzpf ap&eftwGuf
tm;aysmo h mG ;atmif aumif;rGepf mG a&a&may;oifo h nf?
58 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
[if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f t yif r sm; tenf ; qk H ; jcif ; t&G , f y %mr tyif t a&twG u f
yJyifrsm; (wkdifaxmif) 10 vDwm 6 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGifwpfyif

ESihf wyif 5 - 8 pifwrD w D m tuGm 3
yJyifrsm; (csK)H 20 vDwm 6 yif
ocGg;yifrsm; 25 vDwm 2 yif/ rwfwyfwuf&ef xde;f ay;&ef
c&rf;csOyf ifrsm; 25 vDwm 1 yif
c&rf;yif 25 vDwm 1 yif
i±kwyf if 10 vDwm 1 yif
z±kyH if 25 vDwm 1 yif
ajymif;zl;yif 50 vDwm 4 yif/ wpfyifEiS w hf pfyif 10pifwD
rDwmtuGm/ 0wfru H_ ;l ap&ef tenf;
qk;H 12 yif pku d &f ef
r_n
H i‡ ;f yifrsm; 0³5 vDwm 1 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif wpfyif
ESihf wpfyif 10 pifwrD w D mtuGm
=uufoeG ef yD ifrsm; 2³5 vDwm 16 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif
wpfyifEiS whf pfyif 2³5 - 5 pifwD
rDwmtuGm
qvwfyifrsm; 2³5 vDwm 1 yif
rkefvmOteD 0³5 vDwm 3-4 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif
wpfyifEiS w hf pfyif 2³5 - 5 pifwD
rDwmtuGm
rkev
f mOtjzL 0³5 vDwm 4-5 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif
wpfyifEiS w hf pfyif 2³5 pifwD
rDwmtuGm
[if;EkEG,fyif 0³5 vDwm 1 yif
a*:zDxkyf 25 vDwm 1 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif
wpfyifEiS w hf pfyif 30 pifwrD w D m
tuGm
w±kyfa*:zD 5 vDwm 1 yif
ukdufvef 25 vDwm 3-4 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif
wpfyifEiS w hf pfyif 15 pifwD
rDwmtuGm
yef;rkev
f m 25 vDwm 1 yif/ }uD;aomjcif;rsm;wGif wpfyif
ESifhwpfyif 15 pifwDrDwmtuGm
a,bk,s oHk;oyfcsuf
ajraqG;wGi;f pku d yf sK;d abmifonf puf0idk ;f abmifrsm;ESihf qifw&l ;dk rm; &So d nf? tb,fa=umifh qdak omf
tyifrsm;udk aqG;jrnfah eqJ ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f ywfvnfwiG f pku d yf sK;d onf? od@k aomf ajraqG;wGi;f pdu k yf sK;d abmif
onf tES@H toufukd av#mch sEikd &f ef yk;d r$m;rsm;rS tumtuG,f ay;&eftwGuf ouf&&dS yk ºf uGi;f ypPn;f rsm;udk zH;k tkyf
&ef tzH;k wpfck yg&o dS nf?f
• ouf&dS &kyyf pPn;f rsm;udk OD;pGmaqG;jrnfah tmif ðyvkyaf y;&ef rvkb d J wdu k &f udk t
f oH;k ðyEkid o
f nf? Tod@k jzifh
vkyt f m;ESihf tcsed u f dk avsmeh nf;aponf?
• aetdrfrsm;ESifh O,smOfrsm;onf ykdrdkoef@&Sif;onf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf rD;zkdajcmif O,smOfESifh
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;+cHrsm;rS pGe@f ypfypPn;f rsm;udk pkaqmif;+yD; ajraqG;wGi;f ok@d oGeyf pfEikd o f nf?
• wGi;f ywfywfvnf&dS pifrsm;onf ae&mukeo f ufomap+yD;/ =uuf[if;cg;yifrsm;/ yJyifrsm;ESihf ocGm;rsm;
uJoh @dk aom wG,w f ufonfh tyifrsm;ukd pku d yf sK;d &ef pDpOfwnfaqmufxm;onf?f wGi;f ukd =um&Snpf mG
toH;k ðyv#if wGi;f ywfywfvnf&dS ajrqDvm$ onf ydrk I kd ajrqD=oZm xufoef vmonf? ESp&f n S yf if
jzpfaom iSuaf ysmESihf yde;f wd@k ukd [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;ESihf twlpu kd yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf?
ypPnf; u&d,mrsm;
• opfom; ok@d r[kwf 0g;wdik rf sm; 1³5-2 rDwmt&Sn/f
• armfawmfum; wm,ma[mif;rsm;/ opfom; ok@d r[kwf 0g;jym;csy/f tcsi;f 60-70 pifwrD w
D m/
• wGi;f udk zH;k tky&f ef 0g;xH&/H yH;k a[mif; tp&So
d nfjzif?h
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) pku
kd yf sK;d abmifae&mudk &Si;f vif;yg? ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef ypPn;f rsm;tjzpf rnfonfh jrufrsm;ESihf aygi;f yifrsm;udk
rqko d rd ;f qnf;xm;yg? wGi;f rS wl;xkwx f m;onfh ajrqDrsm;udk tay:,H ajrqDEiS hf atmufxyf ajrqDtjzpf
aocsmatmif cGx J m;+yD; odr;f xm;yg?
(2) wGi;f udk tcsi;f 40 pifwrD w D mESihf teuf 90 pifwrD w D m wl;yg? wGi;f . atmufajcykid ;f tcsi;f udk ykrd I kd
us,u f s,w f ;l Ekid o f nf?
(3)armfawmfum; wm,ma[mif;/ opfom;/ 0g;wd@k ukd wGi;f rsuef mjyif ywfvnfay:wGif cif;xm;yg? ab;ywfvnf
tem;om;ukd atmufxyf ajrqD zd@k ay;jcif;jzifh ‚if;udk pG+J rJatmif ðyvkyx f m;yg?
(4) aygi;f yifrsm;/ jrufyifrsm;ESihf tjcm;aom ouf&&dS yk ºf uiG ;f ypPn;f rsm;udk wGi;f xJo@dk xnf+h y;D pko
d nft h xd avmif;yg?
wGi;f ukd 0g;xH&H tzH;k jzifh zH;k tkyx f m;yg?
(5) ajrwGi;f ywfvnfwiG f abmifwpfck wnfaqmufEidk &f ef tay:ajrqDukd tok;H ðyyg? ,cktcsed w f iG f taph ok@d r[kwf
tyifayguu f av;rsm;udk pku d yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf?
(6) wGi;f xJo@dk ouf&dS &kyºf uGi;f ypPn;f rsm;udk qufwu dk jf znfxh nfah y;+yD; a&avmif;ay;yg? wGi;f ukd =um&Snpf mG
tok;H ðyonfEiS t hf r# ab;ywfvnf&dS ajrqDvm$ onf ykrd I dk ajrqD=oZm xufoef vmonf? (yk§H 22)
60 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
3
ykH (22) ajraqG;wGi;f abmif
pku
d fysKd;a&;ESifh opfawm aygif;pyfpku
d fysKd;jcif;
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
pku
d yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawm pku d yf sK;d jcif;qdok nfrmS [if;oD;[if;&Guyf ifrsm;ESihf opfyifrsm;udk ae&m wpfcx k J
wGif twlwuG pdu k yf sK;d jcif; jzpfonf? Tpdu k yf sK;d enf;ukd us,jf yef@aom O,smOfEiS hf v,fuu G rf sm;wGif tok;H ðy
pdu
k yf sK;d =uonf? od@k aomf tdrf Of ,smOfrsm;wGiv f nf; toH;k ðyEkid o f nf? Tenf;onf ajrqDvm$ nHjh zif;aom ae&m
rsm;ESihf obm0ajr=oZmvG,u f pl mG r&&SEd ikd af om ae&mrsm;twGuf tvGet f oH;k 0ifonf? pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawm
aygi;f pyfpu dk yf sK;d jcif; pepfwiG f tpOfojzifh &nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pHk opfyifrsm;udk toH;k ðyEkid o
f nf? (tcef;§6 uk=d unfyh g)
&nf&,
G cf sufrsKd;pko
H ;kH opfyifrsm;. tusKd;ðyr+rsm;
&nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pko
H ;Hk opfyifrsm;onf aumif;rGeaf om tm[m& t&if;tjr‡prf sm; yg0ifjcif;/ ajrqDvm$
wGi;f &Sd ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;udx k ed ;f odr;f jcif;/ tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm/ aq;0g;/ xif;avmifpmESihf aqmufvyk af &;
ypPn;f rsm; wk@d ukd axmufyahH y;Ekid o f nfh opfyifrsK;d EG,pf 0k ifrsm; jzpfonf?
tpdr;f a&mifajr-oZm
&nf&,
G cf suf rsK;d pko
H ;kH opfyiftrsK;d tpm; trsm;tjym;wd@k . vwfqwfonft h &Gurf sm;wGif aumif;rGef
onfh tm[m&"gwf yrm%rsm; yg0ifonf? txl;ojzifh E_u d xf &k*d si"f gw(f N) jzpfonf? ajrqD=oZm wd;k wuf
aumif;rGev
f map&eftwGuf t&Gurf sm;udk ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd wl;qGjr‡yEf EHS idk o f nf?
ykH (23) tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm
62 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
zHk;tkyfjcif;
ajrqDv$mtm; zHk;tkyfay;jcif;/ tpkd"gwftm; xdef;odrf;xm;ay;jcif;ESifh aygif;yifrsm; }uD;xGm;vmr_rS
tum tuG,fay;&mwGif taxmuftulðy&eftwGuf &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;pHkokH; opfyifrsm;. t&Gufrsm;ESifh
tukdif;tcuf rsm;ukd toHk;ðyEkdifonf? 3
d fysKd;jcif;
d fysKd;a&;ESifh opfawmaygif;pyfpku
pku
ykH (24) zk;H tkyyf pPn;f
wd&p>meftpm
&nf&,G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;kH opfyifrsm;. vwfqwfonfh t&Gurf sm;onf? EGm;rsm;/ 0ufrsm;/ =uuf rsm;ESihf
tjcm;aom wd&p>mefrsm;twGuf aumif;rGeo f nfh tpm t&if;tjr‡pw f pfck jzpfonf? opfyiftrsK;d tpm; trsm;
tjym;onf wd&p>mefrsm; tav;csed w f ;kd vmap&efEiS hf ‚if;wd@k tm; use;f rm }uH@cikd pf mG xm;&SEd ikd &f ef ºuG,0f onfh
tom;"gw/f pGr;f tif"gwEf iS hf omrmef tm[m&"gwrf sm;ukd axmufyaHh y;onf? vlrsm;onfvnf; &nf&, G cf suf
rsK;d pHo
k ;kH opfyifrsm;. tpdwt f ydik ;f wcsK@d ukd pmok;H Edik o
f nf? Oyrm - abmpfuidk ;f t&Gurf sm;wGif oH"gw/f tom;"gw/f
ADwmrif"gwf tp&Sdonfh aumif;rGefonfh t&if;tjr‡pfrsm; yg0ifonf? wpfcgwpf&H tjcm;oD;ESHyifrsm; udk
pku
d yf sK;d &ef tcuftcJ &daS om pGwpf adk om &moDrsm;wGif &nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;Hk opfyifrsm;onf tpm;tpm
t&if;tjr‡pftjzpf tvGeftoHk;0ifonf?
ykH (25) wd&p>meftpm
xif;avmifpmESihf aqmufvyk af &;ypPn;f
&nf&,G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;Hk opfyif. rsK;d EG,pf k trsm;tjym;onf tvGe}f uD;xGm;jrefonf? qkv d odk nfrmS
‚if;wd@k &ifu
h suvf m+yD; aemufwiG f csuðf ywf&efEiS hf tylay;&ef twGuf yrm%rsm;jym;onfh xif;avmifpmudk
axmufyahH y;Ekid &f ef ESppf Of tudik ;f tcufrsm;ukd ckw, f El idk o
f nf? ydrk &kd ifo
h nfh opfyifrsm;onf tvGeaf umif;rGef
onfh aqmufvkyfa&; ypPnf; t&if;tjr‡pfrsm; jzpfonf? ‚if;wkd@udk+cHpnf;&kd; ðyvkyf&efESifh tdrfaqmuf&ef
wdkifrsm;/ EG,fwufonfh oD;ESHyifrsm; twGuf wkdifrsm; tp&Sdonfwdk@udk axmufyHhay;onf?
ykH (26) xif;avmifpmESihf aqmufvyk af &;ypPn;f rsm;
aumif;rGeo
f nfh &nf&,
G cf sufrsKd;pHo
k ;kH opfyifrsm;tm; a&G;cs,fjcif;
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawm aygi;f pyf pdu
k yf sK;d jcif;pepf twGuf &nf&,
G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;kH opfyifrsm;. pm&if;wpf
ckukd xnfwh iG ;f azmfjyxm;onf (tcef;§6)? atmufwiG f oif.O,smOf ok@d r[kwf pdu k yf sK;d a&;+ct
H wGuf opfyifrsm;udk
a&G;cs,&f mwGif pOf;pm;qifjcif &rnft h csurf sm; t=urf;udk azmfjyxm;onf?
(1)vG , f u l p G m ysKd ; axmif E d k i f j cif ;

taphrsm;rS aomfvnf;aumif;/ ukdif;jzwfrsm;rSaomfvnf;aumif; vG,fulpGm
tyifayguf vmEdkifonfh taphrsm;udk a&G;cs,fyg? (cs,f&D/ 'ef@ovGefyif tp&Sdonfwdk@
jzpfonf)? ‚if;wd@k onf taphr, S o
l nfh tyifxuf ydI
k t}uD;jrefonf? od@k aomfayguyf ef;jzL/
yJpOf;iHk ponfh tyifrsm; onfvnf; taphrSysKd;,lv#if tvGefvsifjrefpGm }uD;xGm;onf?
64 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
3
d fysKd;jcif;
ykH (27³1) tyifayguu
f av;rsm; ykH (27³2) ukid ;f jzwfrsm;
pku
(2) euf & _ d i f ; aom tjr‡ p f & S d j cif ;
tjr‡pfeufonfh opfyifrsm;onf tjr‡pfwdrfonfh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;twGuf
tpk"d gwf ESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk vk,o l ;kH pGrJ _ rðyvkyaf cs? Ttcef;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh
opfyifrsKd;EG,fpk rsm;onf aumif;rGefonfh euf&_dif;aom tjr‡pf &Sd=uonf?
ykH (28) euf±id_ ;f aom tjr‡p&f o

dS nft
h yif
(3)t&G u f t rsm;tjym; xk w f v k y f j cif ;
t&Guf trsm;tjym; xkwv f yk o
f nfh opfyifrsm;onf wd&p>meftpm;tpm/ ajraqG;
ðyvkyf &efEiS hf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf toH;k ðy&eftwGuf t&Guaf jrmufrsm;pGm wk@d ukd axmufyhH
ay;Edik o
f nf?f aumif;onfh Oyrm wpfcrk mS cs,&f yD ifEiS hf zvef;rif*smyif t&Gurf sm; jzpfonf?
ykH (29) ouf&±dS yk yf pPn;f
(4) ck w f j zwf v #if uk d i f ; §&G u f r sm; vG , f u l p G m jyef v nf x G u f a y: jcif ;

opf y if r sm;ud k ajc&if ; em; (ajr}uD ; em;) uyf j zwf v #if tuk d i f ; opf r sm;ES i f h
t&Guo f pfrsm; v#ijf refpmG xGuaf y:vmonfh tyifrsm;udk toH;k ðyonf? ‚if;opfyifrsm;onf
O,smOfpkdufcif; rsm;/ tdrftwGufxif;avmifpmESifh wG,fwufonfh tyifrsm;twGuf
wdkifrsm; ponfwdk@vkdtyf onfh ZD0tpkta0; tajrmuftrsm;udk t&GufykHo¿efjzifh
ykH (30) ukid ;f §&Gurf sm;ukd ckwjf zwfxm;ykH
66 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
axmufyahH y;Ekid of nf? tukid ;f rsm;ESihf t&Guof pfrsm; v#ijf refpmG wufvmrnfjzpf+yD; tyifudk
xdckdufysufpD;apjcif; r&Sdacs? tyifjyefvnf}uD;xGm;vmap&eftwGuf a&tvkHtavmuf
&&Sd&ef rkd;wGif;tcsdefwGif ukdif;jzwf jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfv#iftaumif;qkH;jzpfonf?
3
(5) ajrqD v $ m . Ek d u f ó wd * sif " gwf u k d jrif h w if a y;jcif ;
yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;onf oD;ESyH ifrsm;ESihf tjcm;tyifrsm; }uD;xGm;vmap&ef toH;k ðyonfhf E_u d xf &kd
d fysKd;jcif;
*si"f gwf (N) udak vxJrS &,l+yD; ajrqDvmG xJo@kd xnho f iG ;f ay;onf? yJrsK;d EG,pf rk sm;. t&Gurf sm;udk tpdr;f a&mif
ajr=oZmrsm; / zHk;tkyfypPnf; odk@r[kwf ajraqG;ðyvkyf&mwGif tokH;ðyygu aumif;rGefonfh Ekdufx&dk*sif
"gwyf rm% udk axmufyahH y;onf? yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k iftyifrsm; ESiyhf rJ sK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm; r[kwo f nfh &nf&, G cf suf
rsKd;pHkoHk; opfyifrsm;onf tyifrsm;}uD; xGm;ap&efESifh aumif;rGefonfh txGufE_ef;twGuf ta&;}uD;onfh
uG J j ym;jcm;em; aom tjcm;aom tm[m& "gwf r sm;ES i f h owW K "gwf r sm;ud k axmuf y H h a y;&mwG i f
taxmuftulðyEdkifonf?
pku
ykH (31) yJrsK;d pk0ifrsm;§ bufw;D &D;,m;
pm;oH;k oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk opfyifrsm;t-um; pdu
k yf sKd;jcif;
tvG,u f q
l ;kH ESihf xda&mufrt
_ &Sq d ;kH pdu k yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawmaygi;f pyfpu kd yf sK;d jcif;pepf wpfcu k kd pg;oH;k
oD;ESyH ifrsm;tm; opfyifrsm; t=um; pdu k yf sK;d jcif; [kac:onf? &nf&, G cf surf sK;d pHo
k ;kH opfyifrsm;t=um;wGif pm;oH;k
oD;ESHyifrsm;tm; pdkufysKd;jcif;jzpfonf? opfyifrsm;onf oD;ESHyifrsm;twGuf ajr=oZmudk axmufyHh ay;+yD;
&moDOwkrv S nf; tumtuG,af y;onf? pm;oH;k oD;ESyH ifrsm;t=um; oD;ESyH ifrsm; pdu k yf sK;d jcif; pepfukd tusO;f csKyf
atmufwiG f azmfjyxm;onf?
ykH (32³1) oD;ESyH ifrsm;ukd opfyifrsm;t=um; pku

d yf sK;d jcif;tpDtpOf
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) O,smOf od@k r[kwf v,f,mxJwiG f ae&mwpfcu k kd a&G;,lyg? ae&monf ajrjyef@jzpfv#if taumif;qH;k jzpf
onf? od@k aomf tenf;i,f qifajcavsm jzpfv#iv f nf; oifah wmfonf?
(2) pdu
k af bmifrsm;udk rnfonfah e&mwGif ðyvkyrf nfukd tpDtpOf qGyJ g? (yH§k 32³1) pdu
k af bmifrsm;udk awmifEiS hf
ajrmuf ðyvkyfygu oD;ESHrsm;onf ae&mifjcnf trsm;tjym;udk &&Sdvdrfhrnfjzpf+yD; pGwfpdkonfh &moDwGif
pduk yf sK;d &eftwGuf aumif;rGeo
f nf?
(3) wl;qG&m rvdt k yfonfh abmifrsm; od@k r[kwf ESpxf yfabmifrsm;udk ðyvkyyf g? opf. ajrae&m rnfr#}uD;
rm;onft h ay: rlwnf+yD; t&Snu
f kd oifóuduo
f vdk ðyvkyEf ikd o
f nf?
68 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(4) pdu
k af bmifrsm; ðyvky+f yD;ygu opfyifwef;rsm; twGuf pwifjyifqifyg? opfyifrsm;aumif;rGeo f nfh a&Ekwf
ajrmif;&&S&d efEiS hf vHak vmufonfh tm[m&"gwrf sm;&&Sad tmif aocsmap&ef opfyifwef;ae&mwGiaf jraqG;
od@k r[kwf tjcm;aom ouf&±dS yk yf pPn;f tenf;i,f jznfx h nfah y;v#if aumif;rGeo f nf? opfyifrsm;udk taphrS
wdkuf&dkufpdkufysKd;Edkifonf? odk@aomf ‚if;wdk@onf }uD;xGm;&ef tcsdeftawmf=umvdrfhrnf? tyif ayguf 3
uav;rsm;udk yxr ysKd;tdk;rsm;wGif ysKd;axmif+yD; pdkufysKd;rnfh ae&modk@ a&GŒajymif; pdkufysKd;v#if
taumif;qH;k jzpfonf? od@k r[kwf tu,fI jzpfEikd v f #if &ifu h suo f nfh opfyifrsm;. udik ;f jzwfrsm;udk toH;k ðy
d fysKd;jcif;
Edik of nf?
(5) pduk af bmifrsm;udk yHrk eS t f wdik ;f pdu
k yf sK;d Edik of nf? yxr&moDwiG f opfyifrsm;aumif;rGepf mG }uD;xGm;vdrrhf nf
r[kwaf cs? od@k aomf 'kw, d &moDwiG f rsK;d pk0if opfyiftrsm;tjym;onf 2 rDwm eD;yg;t&Snf &drS nf jzpf+yD;/
yifpnfrsm;. tcsi;f onf 2 - 4 pifwrD w D mcef@ &SEd ikd o
f nf? Ttqif&h dS opfyifrsm;onf tvGef &Sno f jzifh
oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk t&dyrf ;kd aponf? ‚if;wd@k ukd jzwfypfEikd +f y;D / zH;k tkyyf pPn;f / tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm od@k r[kwf ajraqG;
tjzpf toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? (yH§k 32³2)
(6) oHk;&moDajrmufwGif oD;ESHyifrsm;udk opfyifrsm; t=um; pdkufysKd;jcif; pepfonf aumif;rGefpGm xlaxmif
+y;D oifo h nf? tu,fI *±kwpdu k f udik w
f , G af qmif&u G yf gu opfyifrsm;onf qufvuf}u;D xGm;vdrrhf nf jzpf+y;D
pku
pdu k yf sK;d abmifrsm;ESihf tjcm;toH;k ðyr_twGuf xl;uJaumif;rGeaf om tm[m&"gwrf sm;. t&if; tjr‡pu f kd
axmuftyHah y;vdrrhf nf?
ykH (32³2) ukid ;f §&Guf jzwfxm;onfh opfyifrsm;
uGefwkdpkdufysKd;jcif;
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
uGew
f kd pku
d yf sK;d jcif;onf awmifuek ;f rsm;ay:ESihf qifjcifavsmae&mrsm;wGif ajrwdu k pf m;jcif; udk avsmeh nf;
ap&efEiS hf ajrqD=omZmrsm; wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&eftwGuf pdu k yf sK;d onfh enf;jzpf onf? ‚if;onf pdu k yf sK;d a&;
ESihf opfawmaygi;f pyf pdu k yf sK;d jcif; enf;pepfEiS hf &nf&, G cf surf sK;d pHo
k ;kH tyifrsK;d EG,pf k rsm;udk toH;k ðyonf? pdu k yf sK;d
ajrtenf;i,fom &&SEd idk o f nfh ae&mrsm;wGif a&$@ajymif; awmif,m twGuf a&&Snw f nfwo hH nfh aemufxyf
a&$;p&m enf;wpfenf; jzpfonf? uGew f kd pku
d yf sK;d jcif; enf;pepfukd wnfaqmufEikd o f nfh ta&;}uD;ud&, d mudk A-
abmif[ak c:onf?
A- abmif
uGewf rkd sO;f wpfco k nf qifjcifavsmudk jzwfomG ;onfh uke;f ajronf tjrifh rnfr#&o dS nfukd azmfjyonfh
twdik ;f twm wpfcjk zpfonf? uGew f rdk sO;f wpfcEk iS w
hf pfcek nf;uyfv#if qifjcifavsmonf tvGerf wf apmifo
h nf?
f rkd sO;f wpfcEk iS hf wpfcak 0;uGmv#if qifjcifavsmonf rwfapmifrh _ r&Sad cs? A- abmifonf qifjcifavsmudk
uGew
jzwfomG ;onfh uGew f rdk sO;f rsm;udk wkid ;f wmonfh ud&, d mwpfck jzpfonf? (yH§k 33)
ykH (33) A - abmifjzifw

h idk ;f wmjcif;
A- abmifwpfcu
k kd ðyvkyef nf
(1) ajzmifw
h ef;onfh opfom;wpfv;Hk od@k r[kw0f g;ESpaf csmif;udk pkaqmif;+yD; 2-rDwm t&Snjf zwf,yl g? tjcm;aom
opfom;vk;H ok@d r[kwf 0g;vH;k wpfacsmif;udk pkaqmif;+yD; wpfrw D m t&Sncf ef@ jzwf,yl g?
(2) 2 rDwmt&Sn&f dS opfom;vH;k od@k r[kwf 0g;vH;k ESpaf csmif;udk }wd*yH o kH ¿ef jzpfvmatmif xdyjf zm;ESpcf u k kd
óud; od@k r[kwf EG,yf ifjzifh csnaf ESmifxm;yg? 1 rDwmt&Sn&f o dS pfom;vH;k od@k r[kwf 0g;vk;H udk 2 rDwmt&Snf
opfom;vH;k od@k r[kwf 0g;vk;H rsm;. tv,fukd jzwfI A- pum;vH;k ay:atmif csnaf ESmifxm;yg? (yk§H 34)
(3) oifv h ufo;D vk;H cef@t&G,&f dS av;vHonfh ausmufw;kH wpfw;kH udk &Smxm;yg? ausmufw;kH onf tv,fwikd f
atmuf 10 pifwrD w D mcef@ wGaJ vmif;usaeatmif óud;jzifh abmifxyd jf zm;rsm;ESihf qGjJ cnf xm;yg?
70 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(4) nDnmonfh ajrjyifay:wGif ( a&wGif; teD;wpf0dkuf&Sd bdvyfajrtcif;/ tdrf=urf;jyif) A- abmifudk
axmifxm; +yD; ausmufw;Hk tm; &yfomG ;onft h xd vGwv f yfpmG vG,
J rf;v_y&f mS ;apyg? ausmufw;kH v_y&f mS ;r_
&yfomG ;onf ESihf w+ydKifeuf "g;udk toH;k ðy+yD; óud;ESihf tv,fwidk f =uufajc jzwfomG ;onfh ae&mudk rSwf
om;yg? TtrSwf tom;udk A[drk sO;f [kac:+yD;/ A- abmifonf nDnmonfh ajray:wGif axmifxm;onfukd 3
jyoonf?
ykH (34) A - abmifðyvkyyf Hk
A- abmifwpfcu
k kd toH;k ðyjcif;
(1) A- abmifwpfcu k kd vlEpS Of ;D / oH;k OD;rS toH;k ðyv#if taumif;qH;k jzpfonf?
(2) ikww f ikd rf sm; aumif;rGepf mG axmufyEhH idk &f ef pkaqmif;xm;yg? 30 pifwrD w D m t&Sn&f +dS yD;/ c|ex f m;onfh ikww f ikd f
rsm; od@k r[kwf 0g;tydik ;f tprsm;onf taumif;qH;k jzpfonf?
(3) uGew f kd pdu k yf sK;d a&;twGuf a&$;xm;onfh awmifuek ;f ok@d r[kwf qifjcifavsmxdyzf sm;. ab;wpfzufrS pwif
wdik ;f wmyg?
(4) A- abmifudk ajr}uD;ay:axmifxm;+yD;/ óud;onf A[kdrsOf;ESifh wpfxyfwnf;usa&mufonfhtxd A-
abmif udkywfvnfvSnfhay;yg?
(5) ikww f ikd rf sm;udk A- abmif. ajcaxmufwpfcpk w D iG f pku
kd x
f m;yg? Tae&monf uGew f rkd sO;f . tpjzpfonf?
(yk§H 35)
(6) A- abmif. ajcaxmuf wpfacsmif;ukd ajr}uD;ay:wGif +rJ+rJaxmufxm;+yD; wzefóud;ESifh A[dkrsOf;
wpfxyfwnf; usa&mufonfhxd A - abmif. ajcaxmuf tjcm;wpfzufukd ajr}uD;ESifh xdawG@atmif
vSnahf y;+yD; ikww f ikd t
f opf wpfck pdu k x
f m;yg? (Ttqifrh sm;ukd xyfwvJvJ òyvkyo f nfEiS t hf nD u|eyf w
f @kd
onf jrefqefvm+yD; ydrk kd wdus vmonf)?
(7) oifpu kd yf sK;d vko
d nfh qifjcifavsm. tqH;k ykid ;f a&mufonft h xd Twdik ;f wmenf;ukd xyfwvJvJ toH;k ðyyg?
aemufqHk;wGif qifjcifavsmudk jzwfItjrifhjcif;wlonfh ikwfwkdifwef;udk &&Sdoifhonf?
(8) yxr uGew f rdk sO;f +yD;qH;k +yD;aemuf oifajzmifw
h ef;pGm qef@xw k v
f u
kd o
f nfh vufwavsmuf =unfv h u
dk yf gu
yxruGefwdkvkdif;udk jrifawG@&onfhtxd qifjcifavsmatmufodk@ qif;oGm;yg? qifjcifavsmonf tvGef
rwfapmufygu TtuGmta0;onf rDwmtenf;i,fom&So d nf? odyrf wfapmifrh r_ &So
d nfh qifjcifavsmay:
wG i f tumta0;onf 10 rD w mtxd &S n f E d k i f o nf ? Tae&monf 'k w d , uG e f w d k v k d i f ; ud k
pwifwikd ;f wm&rnfh ae&mjzpf+yD;/ yxr uGew f rdk sO;f udk wdik ;f wmonfh twdik ;f wdwu d sus vkyaf qmif&rnf?
(9) oifqifjcifavsm odk@r[kwf awmifukef;. ajc&if; a&mufoGm;onfhtxd Tenf;ukdxyfwvJvJ
vkyfaqmifyg? TajruGufonf ,cktcsdefwGif uGefwdkpkdufysKd;jcif; pwif&ef toifhjzpfaeonf?
ykH (35) A - abmiftm;tok;H ðyykH
uGew
f rdk sOf; ajrmif;rsm;udk wl;qGjcif;
uGefwkdrsOf;rsm;udk rSwfom;+yD;onfESifh wpfòydifwnf; a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;udk pwifwl;azmf&ef
tcsdefjzpfonf? a&pkwf,lEkdif&ef/ ajrwdkufpm;r_ avsmhenf;ap&efwdk@udk taxmuftul ðyEkdif&eftwGuf
Tajrmif;rsm;udk uGew f rkd sO;f wavsmuf wl;,l+yD; Tae&mwGif &nf&, G cf surf sK;d pko
H ;kH opfyifrsm;udk pku d yf sK;d rnf?
(1) qifjcifavsm xdyfzsm;ydkif; yxruGefwdkrsOf;rS pwifyg? tay:,HajrqDv$mudk pkaqmif;&ef aygufjym;udk
toH;k ðyyg? tay:,HajrqDvm$ udk ikww f idk rf S tenf;i,f uGmonfh qifjcifavsm txufem;wGif yHck sxm;yg?
uGefwkd rsOf;a=umif; wpfav#muf TuJhokd@ðyvkyfyg?
(2) ikww f idk rf sm;ESihf rsO;f òyditf wdik ;f aemufxyf a&Ekwaf jrmif;udk pwifw;l yg? a&Ekwaf jrmif;rsm;onf tus,f
50 pifwrD w D mcef@EiS hf teuf 30 pifwrD w D m cef@&o dS ifo
h nf? ajrqDvm$ udk ikww f idk f wpf0u
dk w
f iG f yHx
k m;yg?
uGew f kd rsO;f wpfav#mufqufomG ;pOf ikww f ikd rf sm;udk z,f&mS ;yg (yk§H 36³1)? wpfcgwpf&H u|Eyfk w f @kd onf
}uD;rm;aom ausmufwHk;ESifh óuHawG@Ekdifonf? tvGef}uD;rm;v#if csefxm;Ekdifonf? tu,fI ao;i,f
v#if aygufc|ef;/ oHwl&Gif;rsm; &&SdEkdifygu ‚if;wkd@udk z,f&Sm;Ekdifonf? ‚if;ausmufwHk;rsm;udk toHk;ðy+yD;
ajrmif; . ae&mrsm;udk ydkrkd}uhHcdkifatmif ðyvkyfEkdifonf?
(3) ajrmif;wl;+yD;aemuf tpykdif;u z,f&Sm;xm;onfh tay:,HajrqDv$mudk ikwfwkdifwpf0kduf yHkxm;onfh
ajrqDay:okd@ csxm;yg? Ttay:,H ajrqDv$monf uGefwkdrsOf;a=umif; wpfav#muf opfyifrsm; pwif
pkdufysKd;onfhtcg toHk;0ifvdrfhrnf?
72 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(4) yxr uGewf rkd sO;f ajrmif;rsm; +yD;oGm;v#if qifjcifavsmwpfav#muf use&f adS eonfh ajrmif;rsm;udk Tenf;
twdkif; xyfwvJvJ ðyvkyfyg?
uGew
f rkd sOf;a-umif;wpfav#muf pku
d yf sKd;jcif;
uGewf rkd sO;f a=umif; wpfav#muf opfyifrsm;pku d yf sK;d &ef aumif;onft h csed of nf rd;k OD;&moD jzpfonf? 3
(pkpd w
G af om&moD)? opfyifrsm;udk taphrS wdu k &f ukd f pku
d yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf? od@k aomf tyifayguf uav;rsm; a&$@ajymif;
pku
d yf sK;d jcif; od@k r[kwf ukid ;f jzwfrsm;tm; pku
d yf sK;d v#if yfrkd v
kd , G uf +l yD; jrefqefonf? pku d yf sK;d rnfh tyifrsm;onf
&nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;kH tyif jzpfv#if taumif;qH;k jzpfonf? (tcef;§6 uk=d unfyh g)? uGew f rkd sO;f a=umif;twkid ;f
pkud yf sK;d onfh Oyrmudk atmufyg yH§k 37 wGi=f unf&h E_ ikd o f nf? od@k aomf a&$;cs,Ef id_ o f nfh uGjJ ym; jcm;em;aom
opfyiftrsKd;tpm;trsm;tjym; &Sdonf?
(1) qifjcifavsm. xdyzf sm;ydik ;f &Sd rsO;f a=umif; 1 rSpyg? ayguyf ef;jzLyifrsm;ESihf abmpfuikd ;f yifrsm;udk wpfyifEiS hf
wpfyif 50 pifwrD w D m tuGmta0;wGif pdu k yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? ‚if;wd@k onf yJrsK;d EG,rf sm;jzpfonf? vsijf refpmG }uD;
xGm;+yD; ajrqDv$m. ajr=oZmrsm;udk wdk;wuf aumif;rGefaponf? ‚if;wdk@ a&maempkdufysKd;jcif;tm;jzifh
uGJjym; jcm;em;onfh tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm; &&Sdap+yD; ydk;r$m;rsm; zsufpD;r_'%frS avsmhenf;vmap&ef
tultnDay;onf?
(2) rsO;f a=umif; 2 udk uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh rsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;jzifh pku d yf sK;d oifo
h nf? rsO;f a=umif; 1 ESihf 2
wdk@ onf odyfruGma0;=uay? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf qifjcifavsmonf rwfapmifhonf( 3-4 rDwm)?
aumif; onft h }uHtpnf wpfcrk mS pyg;vifar$;rsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d &efjzpfonf? TrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;onf
vsifjrefpGm }ufD;xGm;onf? ajrqDudk xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifaom xlaom tjr‡pfrsm;&Sd+yD;/ zsufqD;wwfaom
ykd;r$m;rsm; trsm; tjym;ukd armif;xkwfonf? ‚if;wdk@onf tyifodyfr&Snfojzifh ‚if;ab;em;wGif
pkdufysKd;onfh oD;ESHyifrsm;tm; t&dyfusapvdrfhrnf r[kwfyg?
(3) rsO;f a=umif; 3 ay:wGif wd&p>meftpm;tpm rsK;d Ek , G pf 0k ifrsm;jzpfaom zvef;rif*smESihf yJrsK;d EG,0f if jzpfaom
refusOf;yifwdk@udk pdkufysKd;Edkifonf? TESpfrsKd;udk twlwuG pdkufysKd;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh wd&p>meftpm;tpm/
tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm/ ajrqDvm$ twGuf E_u d xf &k*d si/f xif;avmifpm/ aq;0g;rsm;ukd axmufyahH y;Ekid o f nf?
(4) rsOf;a=umif; 4 ay:wGif toD;oD;onhf tyifrsm;jzpfonfh rmvumESifh uif;yGef;csOfyif ponfwkd@udk
pku
d yf sK;d Ekid f onf? TtyifEpS rf sK;d onf opfo;D / pm;oH;k &efEiS hf a&mif;&eft
f wGu/f xif;avmifpm/ tpdr;f a&mif
ajr=oZm/ ajrqDv$mtwGuf E_dufx&kd*sif"gwfESifh aq;0g;rsm;udk axmufyHhay;Ekdifonf?
ykH (37) uGefwkdrsOf;a=umif;rsm;wav#muf pkdufysKd;ykH
uGefwkdrsOf;a-umif;rsm; t-um;oD;ESyH ifrsm; pdkufysKd;jcif;

uG e f w d k r sOf ; a=umif ; rsm; t=um;&S d a e&mvG w f u k d tuG u f & S n f r sm; [k a c:+yD ; Tae&mrsm;wG i f
pm;oH;k oD;ESyH if rsm;ukd pku d yf sK;d onf (yH§k 38 udk =unfyh g)? TtuGu&f n S rf sm;wGif ESpw
f Ekd pS &f n
S rf sm;jzpf=uaom
pm;oH;k oD;ESyH if trsK;d tpm; tm;vk;H ukd pdu k yf sK;d Ekid o
f nf? Oyrm - yg0ifaom oD;ESyH iftcsK@d rmS [if;oD;[if;&Guf
yifrsm;/ rkH!Sif;/ yJvGef;/ c&rf;csOf/ qvwf/ z&kH/ csOfaygifyif/ Oonfhtyifrsm;/ ydef;O/ uefpGef;O/ tmvl;/
rHkvmO/ opfoD; yifrsm;/ rmvum/ a*:zD/ iSufaysm/ aumufyJoD;ESH/ qef/ ajymif;zl;/ oD;ESH*sKH (oHk;ajr‡mifhyHk
toD;&Sdonf)?
tcef;§4 rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh oD;!SyfpdkufysKd;jcif;ESifh tvnfhusonfh pkdufysKd;jcif;rsm;uJhodk@
taumif;qH;k rSm uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk a&maempdu k yf sK;d +yf;D &moDrsm; t=um;ESihf tuGu&f n S rf sm;
t=um; tvS n f h u s pk d u f y sKd ; jcif ; jzpf o nf ? TuJ h o d k @ pd k u f y sKd ; v#if ajrqD v $ m . ajrqD = oZmrsm;ud k
74 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
wdk;wufaumif;rGef vmaprnfjzpf+yD; zsufqD;wwfaom ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh a&m*g'%fwdk@a=umifh ay:vmonfh
ysupf ;D r_rsm;udk avsmeh nf; aponf? tcef;§5 wGif az: jyxm;ouJo
h @kd yHrk eS af jr=oZm xnfah y;jcif;ESihf zsuyf ;kd rsm;
xdef;csKyfonfh enf;pepf rsm;udk toHk;ðyEkdifonf?
3
uGefwdkpdkufysKd;a&;. tydkxGuftusKd;aus;Zl;rSm uGefwdkrsOf;a=umif;wav#mufpdkufysKd;xm;onfh
tyifrsm;onf ydrk I kd tcdik t f rmjzpfvmonfEiS hf tnD/ ‚if;wd@k onf ajr,mtwGuf ydrk I kd t&if;tjr‡prf sm;udk
axmuf y H h a y;vd r f h r nf ? rsKd ; EG , f p k 0 if tyif t rsm;tjym; ud k q uf w d k u f c k w f j zwf + yD ; t&G u f r sm;ud k
ykH (38) uGew

f rdk sO;f rsm;t=um; oD;ESyH ifrsm;tm; pku
d yf sK;d xm;ykH
zHk;tkyfypPnf;tjzpfvnfaumif;/ ajr}uD;xJ wl;ðryfxm;Ivnf;aumif;/ ðyvkyfay;v#if jznfhxnfhay; onfh
Edlufówd*sifrsm;ESifh rsm;jym;vSaom tpdrf;a&mif ajr=oZm rSwqifh ajrqDv$m. ajrqD=oZmudk wdk;wuf
aumif;rGefvmapvdrfhrnf? tyifrsm;&ifhvmonfESifhtnD aumif;rGefonfh wd&p>mefpm/ xif;avmifpgESifh
aqmufvkyfa&;ypPnf; t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;udkvnf; axmufyHhay; vdrfhrnf?
ykH (39) ðypkysK;d axmifxm;onfh uGew

f pdk u
dk yf sK;d cif;
76 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
aygif;pyfpkdufysKd;arG;jrLkjcif;
aygif;pyf pdkufysKd;arG;jrLjcif;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh wd&p>mef trsKd;rsKd;wdk@ESifh tyifrsm; wpfckESifh
wpfck tusKd;aus;Zl;&&SdEdkif&ef twlwuG pdkufysKd;arG;jrLjcif; jzpfonf? aygif;pyf pkdufysKd;arG;jrLjcif;onf
tvGefxda&mufonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf uGJjym;jcm;em;aom wd&p>meftrsKd;rsKd;wdk@ESifh tyifwdk@ t=um;
t&if;tjr‡pw f @kd ukd jyefvnftoH;k ðyonf? xnfo h iG ;f jznfph rG ;f ay;&aom t&mrsm;jzpfaom ajr/ wd&p>meftpmESihf 3
ajr=oZmtm;vkH; wdk@onf avsmhenf;vm+yD; xkwfvkyfr_onf ydkrkdI a&&SnfwnfwHhvmonf?
ao;i,fonfh ae&mrsm;twGi;f &Sd aygi;f pyfarG;jrLjcif;. Oyrm wpfcrk mS 0uf/=uuf/ iSu/f ig;/ tyif/
aygif;pyfpkdufysKd;arG;jrLjcif;
emrlem yHpk jH zpfonf (yH§k 40 uk=d unfyh g)? TpepfwiG f 0uf ok@d r[kwf =uuf+cH wpfcu k kd ig;uefay: wdu
k ±f u
dk f
aqmuf vkyfxm;onf? uef. t&G,fyrm%ESifh wd&p>mefrsm;. ta&twGufonf [efcsufnDjzpf&rnf?
ok@d r[kwvf #if wd&p>mefacs;onf tvGerf sm;jym;vdrrhf nf od@k r[kwf tvGeef nf; vdrrhf nf jzpf+yD;/ jyefvnfðyjyif
toHk;ðyonfh pepf tvkyfvkyfawmhrnf r[kwfacs? wd&p>mefrsm;. &ifhusufr_ay: rlwnf+yD; aumif;rGefonfh
tcsK;d wpfcrk mS 0ufwpf aumif ok@d r[kwf =uuf 10 aumifv#if a& 3 ukArDwm jzpfonf?
ykH (40) aygif;pyfpkdufysKd;arG;jrLxm;ykH
+cHxw J iG f avmifxm;onfh 0ufrsm; ok@d r[kwf =uufrsm;udk yHrk eS t

f pmrsm; jzpfaom rD;zdak csmif pGe@f ypf
ypP n f ; / qef E S i f h iS u f a ysmtl csuf x m;onf h 0uf p mponf w d k @ uk d au|;arG ; onf ? ‚if ; tjyif
uefywfvnfwpfav#muf aygufa&mufonfh tyifrsm;ukd au|;arG;Ekdifonf? ig;rsm;onfvnf; a&wGif
usomG ;onfh =uuf/ 0ufacs;. tpdwf tykid ;f wpfcsK@d ukd pm;oH;k onf (txl;ojzifh 0ufacs;)? useaf cs;rsm;onf
pdrf;jyma&n‡dyifESifh tmZkd;vm; (ac: ) tyifrsm; }uD;xGm;&Sifoefap&ef a&uefxJodk@ tm[m&"gwfrsm;jznfh
xnfah y;onf? wpfzef ig;rsm;onf Ttyif rsm; tjyif tjcm;aom ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm; jzpfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;udk
vnf;pm;oHk;=uonf?
rSwfpkrsm;
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78 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
4
4
tcef; 4/ oD;ESHyifrsm; pkdufysKd;jcif;
a&$Œajymif;pkdufysKd;jcif;
oD;n‡yfpkdufysKd;jcif;
tvSnfhuspkdufysKd;jcif;
zkH;tkyfypPnf;
a&avmif;jcif;
tcef; 79
a,bk,s oHk;oyfcsuf
a&$@ajymif; pkdufysKd;jcif;onf tyifwpfyifukd wpfae&mrS tjcm;wpfae&modk@ a&$@ajymif;jcif;udk
qdv
k o dk nf? xH;k pHt& td;k rS ok@d r[kwf ysK;d abmif tyifayguf uav;rsm;udk O,sOpf u kd af bmifrsm;ESihf pduk yf sK;d &ef
ajruGufodk@ a&G@ajymif; ay;jcif;udkqkdvdkonf (tcef;§2 ukd=unfhyg)? a&G@ajymif;pdkufysKd;pOf ta&;}uD;qHk;rSm
tyif aygufuav;rsm; tm; }uH@cdkifpGmESifh usef;rmpGm xm;&Sd&efjzpfonf? avwdkufcwfr_r&SdbJ wdrfxlaom
ae@rsm;onf a&G@ajymif;pdu k yf sK;d &ef taumif;qk;H ae@&ufrsm;jzpfonf? rGe;f vGcJ sed af emufyikd ;f ESihf naecif; rsm;wGif
a&G@ajymif; pdkufysKd;jcif;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfh xGufE_ef;rsm;udk &&Sdapvdrfhrnf?
a&GŒajymif;pdkufysKd;jcif;rðyvkyfrD
tyifayguu f av;rsm;udk a&G@ajymif;pdu
k yf sK;d jcif; rðyvkyrf D O,smOfpu
kd f abmifrsm;ESihf pdu
k yf sK;d &ef tuGuf
rsm;udk jyifqifxm;&ef ta&;}uD;onf? yxrtaejzifh ajrqDvm$ udk xGe, f uf+yD; ajr=oZm xnfah y;oifo h nf?
'kw, d taejzifh pdu k af bmiftwGi;f &Sd tyifrsm;. tuGmta0;twGuf tajccH tpDtpOfrsm;udk ðyvkyx f m;&rnf?
rSeuf efonft h uGmta0;onf tyifwpfyifEiS w hf pfyift=um; nDr#onft h m[m&"gwf rsm;a0iSopkH EJG ikd &f ef tul
tnDay;jcif;jzifh txGuEf e_ ;f udk wd;k jrifvh mapEdik f onf?
ykH (41) oD;ESHyiftuGmta0;
yH§k 41 wGio f ifawG@jrif&ouJo h @kd axmifjh zwftwef;rsm;onf pdu k af bmifxw

J iG f tyifrsm;udk ydrk pkd u
kd yf sK;d Edi_ o
f jzifh
pd k u f a bmif t m; yd k r d k a umif ; rG e f p G m toH k ; ðyonf ? tyif t m;vH k ; onf pd k u f a bmif tm;
zHk;tkyfay;ojzifhTenf;onf ouf&SdzHk;tkyfr_udk zefwD;ay;onf?
80 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
a&$‹ajymif;pdkufysKd;jcif;
Eke,fonfh tyifayguf uav;rsm;onf ‚if;wd@k ukd ajrqDvmG rS z,f&mS ;+yD; ae&mopfwiG f pdu k yf sK;d onfh
tcg vG,fvifhwul ysufpD;oGm;Edkifonf? ‚if;ukd a&$@ajymif;pkdufysKd;jcif;a=umifh xdyfvef@ ysufpD;oGm;onf
[kac: onf? tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk a&$@ajymif;pdkufysKd;jcif; rðyvkyfrD tm;aysmhatmif a&a&mxm;onfh 4
wd&p>mefacs;t&nf avmif;ay;oifh+yD;/ ae&miffjcnfwGif wjznf;jznf; ydkrdkjyxm;oifhonff? tyifaygufuav;
rsm;udk a&$Œajymif;pku d yf sK;d pOf tjr‡prf sm;/ yifpnfrsm;ESihf t&Gurf sm; xdcu dk yf supf ;D r_rS umuG,&f eftwGuf tvGef
*&k wpkud f udik wf , G &f rnf? xdcu kd rf _ enf;jcif;onf a&$Œajymif;pku d yf sK;d +yD;aemuf tyifuav;rsm;onf ydrk }kd uD;xGm;
vmEdkifonfukd qdkvkdonf? tyifaygufuav;rsm;onf jyif;xefonfh aea&mifjcnfa=umifh avmifu|rf;r_
rjzpfay: ap&eftwGuf naeykid ;f wGif a&$@ajymif; pku d yf sK;d v#if taumif;qH;k jzpfonf?
ðyvkyef nf;
(1)tyifayguu f av;rsm;ukd rsK;d aphabmifrsm; ok@d r[kwf rsK;d aphaowWmrsm;rS z,f&mS ;jcif;rðyvkyrf DS ajrqDvm$ ukd
a&pk&d aJ$ tmif avmif;ay;&rnf? TuJo h @dk ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh tjr‡pw
f pf0u
dk f ajrqDvm$ rsm; ykrd w
dk ,
G u
f yfrnfjzpf+yD;
tjr‡pyf supf ;D jcif;ukd av#meh nf;aprnf? ok@d aomf ajrqDvm$ odyrf pkad p&ef aocsmatmifvyk yf g? ok@d r[kwv f #if
tyifaygufuav;rsm; rwifpOf ajrqDv$monf atmufokd@usoGm;vkdufrnf?
ykH (42³1)
tyifayguu
f av;rsm;tm; a&avmif;jcif;
(2) oifv
h uf ok@d r[kwf cuf&if;ukd toH;k ðy+yD; tyifayguu f av;rsm;. tjr‡pw f 0du
k &f dS ajrqDvm$ udk nifompGm
rwifyg? tjr‡pw f 0du
k f ajr}uD;rsm;rsm;&SEd idk o
f r# óud;pm;yg? vH+k cHKonfah e&mwGif tyifayguf uav;rsm;udk
csxm;yg?
ykH (42³2)
tyifayguu
f av;rsm;tm; rxkwyf Hk
tcef; (4) oD;ESHyifrsm;pkdufysKd;jcif; 81

(3) tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk wpf}udrfv#if wpfyifpD*&kwpkduf wpfckcsif;pD oD;jcm;cGJ,lyg? tvGeftu|H
udik w
f ,G rf r_ ðyrdatmif óud;pm;yg? tyifayguu
f av;rsm;udk ‚if;wd@k t&Gurf sm;. xdyzf sm;ykid ;f rsm; od@k r[kwf
‚if;wdk@. tjr‡pfwpf0dkuf&Sd ajrqDv$mudkom ukdifxm;oifhonf?
ykH (42³3) tyifayguu

f av;rsm;tm; oD;jcm;cG,
J yl Hk
(4) tyifayguo f nf ysK;d td;k wpfcwk iG f &Sad ev#if ysK;d tk;d ukd arSmufcsyg? tyiftm; 'kw, d ESihf wwd, vufacsmif;
jzifh =um;n‡yfukdif+yD; oifh. tjcm;vufwpfzufjzifh ysKd;tdk;ukd ykwfcsay;yg?
(5) tyifayguf uav;rsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d onfh tcg ‚if;wd@k rsK;d aphabmif od@k r[kwf ysK;d aowWmwGi&f adS epOf uxuf
tenf;i,fydkI }uD;aom taygufrsm;ESifh tenf;i,fykdrkdeufonfh taygufrsm;udk ðyvkyfxm;yg? Todk@
ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh ‚if;wk@d . tjr‡pf rsm;}uD;xGm;Edik &f ef ae&may;&mwGif taxmuftul ðyvdrhf rnf? wGi;f xJo@dk
tyifurkd pku kd yf sK;d rD wGi;f . atmufajcxJo@dk yrm% tenf;i,f&adS om ajraqG; od@k r[kwf aumif;rGepf mG
aqG;jrnhfonfh wd&p>mefacs;udk jznfhxnfhyg?
ykH (42³4) ykH (42³5)

tyifaygufuav;rsm;tm; tkd;rS xkwf,lykH ajraqG;jznfhxnfhykH
82 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(6) tyifaygufuav;rsm;ukd ‚if;wdk@. yxrtay:qHk; t&GufESpf&Guftxd ðryfIpdkufysKd;oifhonff? Todk@
ðyvkyf jcif;onf ty:qH;k tjr‡prf sm; tvif;a&mifo@kd vSp[
f az:xm;+yD; tpd"k gwf rqH;k &_;H ap&ef aocsmatmif
ðyvkyfxm;jcif;jzpfonff? ‚if;wdk@udkvnf; udkif;!GwfoGm;jcif;rS &yfwef@apvdrfh rnf? ukdif;!Gwfaeonfh
4
ykH (42³6)
tyif r sm; onf ysOf ; wG J a om yif ptyif
nf & S da+ yDyg;utoD
u
f av;rs m;tm;
; rsm;. t&Gpku
d ,yf f tsK;d xm;yk
pm;ESH i f h twG u f wd k ; E_ e f ; rsm;
avsmhenf;aponf?
(7) tyiftem; wpf0u kd &f dS ajrqDvm$ udk rmrmzday;yg? od@k aomf tvGef rwif;usyaf p&? tvGef wif;usypf mG
zdxm;aom ajrqDvmG onf tyifudk ysupf ;D apEkid +f yD;/ a&/ avESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm; tjr‡prf sm;qDo@dk a&muf&dS
oGm;jcif;udk t[ef@twm;ðyonf? tjr‡pw f pf0u dk &f dS ajrqDvm$ onf tvGeyf aG ,mif; aev#if avESihf a&t
rsm;tjym;onf xdkem;w0dkufpkyHkaernf jzpfojzifh tjr‡pfavmifjcif;ESifh aqG;jrnfhjcif;udk jzpfay:aponf?
tjr‡prf sm;ESihf ajrqDvm$ wd@k wpfcEk iS w
hf pfck cyfrmrmawG@ &Syd gu tyif.tjr‡prf sm; tm[m&"gwEf iS hf a&wd@k ukd
pkwf,l&mwGif taxmuftulay;vdrfhrnf?
(8) tyifayguu f av;rsm;udk a&$@ajymif;pdu k yf sK;d +yD;v#i+f yD;jcif; a&avmif;ay;oifo h nf? tvGetf m;aysmh onfh
wd&p>mefacs; t&nfESifh ajraqG;&nfwdk@udk toHk;ðyEdkifonf? tyifrsm;tm; ajymif;a&$@pdkufysKd;r_a=umifh
xdwv
f ef@ysupf ;D aponf
ykH (43) h a&$
a0'emud
Œajymif;kpkaus
d yf msK;d v
u f xm;onf
mG ;Ekid &f efh tyif
tm[m&"gfwav;rs
ayguu f ay;Ekid mo
f ;tm;
nf? ‚if
;onf tjr‡
a&avmif;ykH pyf wfvnf&dS
avcdak ygurf sm;udk z,f&mS ;&mwGif taxmuftulay;+yD; tyiftm;ajrqDvm$ wGif cdik rf maponf? 83
tcef; (4) oD;ESHyifrsm;pkdufysKd;jcif;
a,bk,soHk;oyfcsuf
oD;!SyfpdkufysKd;jcif; qdkonfrSm tyifrsKd;EG,fpk0if tyifwpfrsKd;xufydkrkdrsm;jym;aom tyifrsm;udk
ajrae&m wpfcw k nf;wGif pdu k yf sK;d jcif; jzpfonf? oD;!‡ypf u
dk yf sK;d jcif;onf ajrqDvm$ twGuf aumif;rGeo
f nf?
tb,fa=umifh qkdaomf uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh rsKd;EG,fpk0if tyifrsm;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh zGH@òzd;r_
tajctaersm;ESifh uGJjym;jcm; em;onfh tm[m&"gwf vkdtyfr_rsm; &Sdjcif;a=umifh jzpfonff?
Oyrm
(1) aea&mifjcnf trsm;tjym; vkt d yfonfh rsK;d EG,pf 0k iftyif wpfco
k nf t&dyu
f kd ESpo
f ufonfh rsK;d EG,pf 0k if
tyifwpfckESifh aumif;rGefpGm zGH@òzd;&SifoefEdkifonff? (Oyrm- ajymif;zl;onf tyif&Snf&Snf}uD;xGm;+yD;
aea&mifjcnfudk ESpfoufonf? ocGm;rsm;ESifh z&kHrsm;onf ajr}uD;ay:wGif jzef@um;wGm;oGm;=u+yD;/ t&dyf
wpfpdwfwpfykdif;wGif aumif;rGefpGm &Sifoeff}uD;xGm;Edkifonf?
ykH (44³1) aea&mifjcnfEiS hf t&dyf

(2) tjrpfwdrfonfh rsKd;EG,fpk0iftyif wpfckonf tjr‡pfeufonfh rsKd;EG,fpk0iftyif wpfckESifh aumif;rGefpGm
&S i f o ef }uD ; xG m ;Ek d i f o nf ? tb,f a =umif h q k d a omf ‚if ; wd k @ onf ajrqD v $ m . uG J j ym;jcm;em;aom
tpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;rS tm[m&"gwrf sm;ukd &,lvrd rhf nf? (Oyrm- tjr‡pw f o
kd nhf qvwfEiS hf tjrif&h nS o
f nfh
c&rf;csOfwdk@ukd twl pkdufysKd;jcif;)
ykH (44³2) tjr‡pef ufonft

h yifrsm;ESihf tjr‡pw
f rd o
f nft
h yifrsm;
84 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(3) wpfpkHwpfckaom tm[m&"gwftrsKd;tpm;rsm;tm; vkdtyfonfh rsKd;pk0if tyifrsm;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;
onfh tm[m&"gwf trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk vkdtyfonfh tyifrsm;ESifh twlwuG pkdufysKd;v#if aumif;rGefpGm
jzpfxGef;onf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf ‚if;wkd@onf tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk vk,lokH;pGJ=urnf r[kwfacs?
Oyrm qvwfuo hJ @dk aom &Gupf m;tyifonf txGuEf el ;f aumif;rGeaf p&eftwGuf Elu d óf wd*si"f gwf vkt
d yf 4
onf? ‚if;ukd xkH;"gwf ykdrkd vkdtyfonfh toD;oD;onfh a&$z±kHESifh twltuG pkdufysKd;v#if aumif;rGefpGm
jzpfxeG ;f onf? txufyg ESprf sK;d pvk;H ukd yJyifrsm;ESihf twlwuG pku
d yf sK;d v#if a,sb,
k stm;jzifh txGuEf el ;f
ykdrkd&&Sdatmif taxmuftul ðyapvdrfhrnf?
ykH (44³3) uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tm[m&"gwv

f t
dk yfcsurf sm;
(4) uefpeG ;f OuJo

h @dk aom tcsK@d tyifrsm;udk aumif;rGeo f nfh a&Elwaf jrmif; &&Sad p&eftwGuf jrifw h ifxm;onfh
abmifay:wGif pku d v
f #it
f aumif;qk;H jzpfonf? Tabmifrsm;ay:wGif yJyifrsm;pku d yf sK;d v#if txGuEf el ;f jrifw
h uf
vmvkdufrnf? vpf[aeonfh Tabmifrsm;t=um; ajymif;yifrsm;uJhodk@aom tyifrsm;ukd pkdufysKd;v#if
t&dyt
f csK@d udk &&Sad prnfjzpf+yD; Elu
d óf wd*si"f gwf vkt
d yfonfh ajymif;yiftwGuv f nf; tusK;d jzpfxeG ;f aprnf?
ykH (44³4) ajrae&mtm; tok;H ðyykH

rdwfaqGrsm; odk‹r[kwf &efolrsm;jzpf-uonfh rsKd;EG,fpk0iftyifrsm;
u|efyfwdk@ awG@jrif&ouJhodk@ tcsKd@aom rsKd;EG,fpk0if tyifrsm;wdk@onf twlwuG pkdufysKd;xm;ygu
usef;rmr_ESifh txGufE_ef;udk wdk;yGm;apojzifh aumif;rGefonfh t}uHtpnfwpfckjzpfonf? TrsKd;EG,fpk0if
tyifrsm;wd@k ukd rdwb f uftyifrsm; [kac:onf (rdwaf qGrsm;)? xdek nf;wl tcsK@d aom rsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;wk@d
onf twlwuG pdkufysKd;ygu jzpfxGef;r_r&Sdacs? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ‚if;wdk@onf tm[m&"gwfrsm;ESifh
ae&mifjcnfw@kd ukd vk,o l ;kH pGJ =uonf? ok@d r[kwf tyifwpfc. k oD;jcm;"gww
f ak A' wH@k jyefra_ =umifh jzpfonf?f
TrsKd;EG,fpk tyifrsm;udk &efbuf tyifrsm;[kac:onf (&efolrsm;)? twlwuG pkdufysKd;&ef aumif;onfh
tyifrsm;ESifh qdk;onfh tyifrsm;udk atmufyg Z,m;uGufwGif azmfjyxm;onf?
tyifrsm; rdwb
f uf tyifrsm; &efbuf tyifrsm;
yJ tmvl;/ rkv
H mOeD/ ocGg;/ a*:zD/ ajymif;zl; =uufoeG ef /D ae=um/
a*:zDxw
k /f yef;rHv
k m/ yef;a*:zD/ tmvl;/ =uufoeG ef /D =uufoeG jf zL/ rHv
k mO/ yJwkdifaxmif/ c&rf;csOf
udu
k v
f ef rHn
k if;&Guf c&rf;csOf
rHv
k mOeD c&rf;csOrf sm;/ yJyifrsm;/ yef;a*:zD/ a*:zDxyk f prkpH yg;
ajymif;zl; tmvl;/ yJ/ ocGm;/ z&k/H ae=um
ocGm; yJyifrsm; tmvl;
c&rf;yif yJyifrsm; tmvl;/ c&rf;csOf
qvyf rHkvmOeD/ rkHvmO -
=uufoeG ef /D c&rf;csO/f qvyf/ rHv
k mO ae=um
tmvl; yJ/ ajymif;zl;/ a*:zDxyk f ae=um/ z±k/H c&rf;csOf
a&Gz&kH ajymif;zl; tmvl;
c&rf;csOf =uufoeG ef /D w&kwef eH /H rHv
k mOeD a*:zDxyk /f tm;vl;
yJypd yfyif tyiftm;vH;k udk ydrk jkd zpfxeG ;f aumif;
rGeaf p&ef tultnDay;onf? -
rSwcf suf ? ? wcsK@d aom tyifrsm;onf ‚if;wd@k teD;w0du k w f iG f pdu

k yf sK;d xm;onfh tyifrsm;udk ypPn;f wpfcck k
xkwv f w G jf cif;jzifh ESyd u
f yG o
f nf? Oyrm- ae=umyifrsm;onf ypPn;f trsK;d aygi;f 24 ckukd xkwf
vGwo f jzifh ‚if;teD;tem;wGif pdu k yf sK;d onfh rnfonfh tyifurdk qdk ‚if;wd@k . }uD;xGm;r_ukd
aES;auG; aponf?
86 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
a,bk,s oHk;oyfcsuf
tvnfu h s pdu
k yf sK;d jcif;onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh &moDrsm;twGi;f
,cifajruGuw f pfcw k nf;wGif pdu k yf sK;d onfh tavhtxjzpfonf? tvnfu h spu kd yf sK;d jcif;onf yk;d r$m;ESihf a&m*g
trsm;tjym;wdk@udk tqifhqifh}uD;xGm;wdk;wufvmr_ oHo&mudk jzwfawmufvkdufonf? tm[m&"gwfrsm; 4
&&SdEdkifr_udk jrifhrm;vmap+yD;usef;rm }uHcdkifonfh ajrqDv$m wnfaqmufr_udk tultnDay;onf?
zsufq;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;ESihf a&m*grsm;
uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsKd;EG,fpk0ifrsm;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh zsufqD;wwfaom ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh
a&m*grsm;wdk@a=umifh xdcdkufqHk;&kH;r_&Sdonff? oD;ESHyifwpfyifudk ESpfpOfqufwdkuf pdkufysKd;v#if ‚if;vkdtyfonfh
tm[m&"gwfrsm; v#ifjrefpGm qHk;&_H;oGm;Ekdifonf? aumif;rGefonfh Oyrm wpfckrSm tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk
tajrmuftrsm;vkdtyfonfh ajymif;yifjzpfonf? ajymif;yifrsm;udk &dyfodrf;+yD; aemufwGif ajrqDv$mwGif;&Sd
E_dufx&kd*sif"gwf. yrm%onf trsm;tjym;ESdrfhusoGm;onf? aemufvmrnfh &moDwGif yJvGef; uJhodk@aom
ajrqDvmG . E_u d x
f &k*d si"f gwf yrm%udk jrifw h ifay;&mwGif taxmuftul ðyonfh yJrsK;d tyifrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d v#if
ydkrkdaumif;rGefonf?
tvSnu hf s pduk yf sK;d jcif;udk trsm;tm;jzifh oD;ESyH if ESprf sK;d (pyg;ESihf yJypd yfyif)tm; toH;k ðy+yD; pdu k yf sK;d
&moD ESpf}udrfwkdif;wGif pdkufysKd;onfh tavhtx&Sdonf? odk@aomf tm[m&"gwfrsm;/ ajrqDv$m zGJ@pnf;yHk/
zsuyf ;kd ESihf a&m*g rsm;tm; ydrk I kd xde;f csKyfaqmif&uG Ef ikd &f ef tvnfu
h spukd yf sK;d jcif;ufkd pdu
k yf sK;d &moD av;}udrt f xd
csŒJ xGif pkud yf sK;d v#if ydrk Ikd xda&mufr&_ o dS nf?
ykH (45) tvSnfhus pkdufysKd;ykH

tvnfhus pdkufysKd;&rnfh tkyfpkrsm;
(1) yJ r sKd ; pk 0 if r sm;?
avxJrSEd_ufx&dk*sifudk&,l+yD; ajrqDv$mxJodk@jznfhxnfhay;onf? Oyrm-yJtrsKd;tpm;
tmvHk; yg0if+yD;/ aygufyef;jzLESifh abmpfudkif; uJhokd@aom pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawm
aygif;pyfpkdufysKd; &mwGif toHk;ðyonfh tyifrsm;vnf; yg0ifonff?
(2) &G u f p m;tyif r sm;?
E_u d x f &k*d si"f gwrf S tusK;d cHpm;cGi&hf &Sod nf?f Oyrm ‚if;wd@k txJwiG f qvyf/ uefpeG ;f &Gu/f [if;EkE,
G f
/ yef;rkev f m/ a*:zD/ uduk v f efEiS hf rkn
H if;rsm;jzpfonf?
(3) toD ; oD ; onf h tyif r sm;?
rD;pke;f "gwrf S tusK;d cHpm;cGihf &&So d nf? Oyrm ‚if;wd@k txJwiG f bl;oD;/ ocGm;oD;/ a&$z&k/H c&rf;csn/f
i&kyEf iS hf c&rf;yifrsm;jzpfonf?f
(4) Oonf h tyif r sm;?
jym"gwrf S tusK;d cHpm;cGihf &&So d nf? Oyrm ‚if;od@k txJwiG f =uufoeG ef /D =uufoeG jf zL/ rkev f mOeD/
yde;f ESihf rkev f mOjzLwd@k jzpfonf?
tm[m&"gwf tm[m&"gwf ajrqDv$mokd‹

trsm;tjym;vkdtyfonf tenf;i,fomvkdtyfonf tm[m&"gwfjznfhay;onf
c&rf;csOf Oonfo h ;D ESyH ifrsm;tm;vH;k yJyifrsm;

c&rf;oD; uefpeG ;f O yJ=um;
i&kyf rkev
f mOeD§jzL yJypD yf
a*:zDxyk f yJwpD rd ;f
yef;rkevf m
yef;a*:zD
ajymif;
z&J
a&$z&kH
ocGm;
88 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
zkH;tkyfypPnf;
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
zHk;tkyfypPnf;onf ZD0ypPnf;rsm;. tv$mwpfv$mjzpf+yD; ajrqDv$m rsufemjyifay:okd@ yHkcsxm;onf?
‚if;onf opfawmrsufemjyifay:&Sd tr_dufo&_dufuJhokd@ tpkd"gwf xdef;odrf;&mwGif taxmuftulðyjcif;/
ajrqDvm$ . t&nftaoG;udk wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf pjcif;ESihf vkyt f m;udk avsmeh nf;aponf? zH;k tkyaf y;jcif;onf 4
ajrqDvm$ udk ðypkapmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf use;f rm}uhcH ikd o
f nfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk pdu
k yf sK;d &ef taumif;qH;k ESihf tvG,u
f l
zkH;tkyfypPnf;
qHk;enf;wpfck jzpfonf? zHk;tkyfypPnf;udk aumuf&dk;/ pyg;cGH/ jzwfxm;onfhjruf/ t&Gufrsm;/ ajraqG;ESifh
tjcm;aom ZD0 &kyfypPnf;trsKd;tpm; ajrmufrsm;pGmjzifh ðyvkyfEdkifonf?
zH;k tkyjf cif;. tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;

(1) a&rsm;ud k xd e f ; od r f ; ay;jcif ;
ajrqDv$mudk yljyif;onfh aea&mifjcnfESifh avwkd@wGif vSpf[azmfxm;v#if tay:v$m&Sd
a&rsm; a&aiG@ys+H yD;/ ajrqDvm$ ajcmufaoG@vmonf? zH;k tkyyf pPn;f rsm;onf a&yrm% trsm;tjym;udk
pkw,f +l yD; wjznf;jznf; vGwaf y;onf?f ‚if;onf ajrqDvm$ udk at;ap+yD;/ a&aiG@ysrH u _ kd avsmeh nf;ap
onf? qdv k dk onfrmS tpk"d gwo f nf ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f tcsed =f um&Snpf mG cdak tmif;aeojzifh a&avmif;&ef
vkt
d yfru _ kd oufom aponf? xlx+J yD; aumif;rGeo f nfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tv$mwpfvm$ onf? ajrqDvm$
tpkd"gwfudk &uftawmftwef xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf?
ykH (46) a&aiGŒysrH t

_ m; avsmeh nf;apykH

(2) ajrqD v $ m wd k u f p m;r_ u d k av#mh e nf ; apjcif ;
wduk pf m;jcif;onf ajrqDvm$ ay:od@k usa&mufonfh a&onf ajrqDvm$ rS pkw, f El ikd o
f nfxuf
ydrk kd vsijf refjcif;a=umifh jzpfay:vmonf? ykv d #o
H nfh a&rsm;onf tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk o,faqmifomG ;
+yD;/ ajrqDvm$ . zG@J pnf;yHu k kd zsuqf ;D vku
d o
f nf? zH;k tkyf ypPn;f rsm;onf tcif; tzH;k uJo
h @kd vkyaf qmif+yD;
ajrqDv$m. tay:,H rsufemjyifudk oD;xefonfh rdk;a& odk@r[kwf jyif;xefonfh a&avmif;jcif;rS
tumtuG,f ay;jcif;ESihf ykv d #oH nfh a&rsm;udk pkw, f o
l nf? (yk§H 47)
ykH (47) ajrqDv$mwkdufpm;r_tm; avsmhenf;apykH

(3) aygif ; yif r sm;tm; xd e f ; csKyf j cif ;
zH;k tkyyf pPn;f onf aea&mifjcnftm; ajrqDvm$ tay:,Ho@dk usa&mufjcif;udk &yfwef@aponf?
aea&mifjcnf r&Sv d #if aygi;f yif rsK;d EG,pf 0k if taphrsm;onff vG,u f pl mG tan‡mufrayguvf mEkid af cs?
ta!SSmufaygufvmonfh rnfonfhaygif;yifrsm;udkrqdk vG,fvifhwul z,f&Sm;Ekdifonf? tb,f
a=umifq h akd omf aqG;jrnfah eonfh zk;H tkyyf pPn P ;f rsm;onf ajrqDv
d m$G udk yGvmap+yD; aºuGrwwf ºuGwaf e
onfh zG@GJ pnf;yku H kd jzpfay:aponf?
(4) ajrqD v $ m . wnf a qmuf y H k u d k wd k ; wuf a umif ; vmapjcif ;

zH;k tkyyf pPn;f jzifh tumtuG,f ay;xmonfh ajrqDvm$ onf ae&mifjcnf ra&muf&EdS ikd af tmif
tum&ap+yD;/ wnfwaHh om tylcsed u f kd xde;f odr;f xm;onf? Tod@k jzifh ajrqDvm$ . t&nftaoG;udk
wdk;wuf aumif;rGef vmap&ef taxmuftulay;onfh ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ZD0tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
twGuf tvGeaf umif; rGeo f nfh aetdrf ðyvkyaf y;onf? wDaumifrsm;ESihf yd;k r$m;trsK;d tpm; trsm;
tjym;wd@k onf ajrqDvm$ udk jzwfI wl;azmufomG ;vm+yD;/ ZD0&kyyf pPn;f rsm;udk acszsujf cif;ESi/hf avESifh
a&wd@k ukd ykrd kd pdr0hf ifaponf?
90 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
(5) ajrqD v $ m . ajr=oZmud k wd k ; yG m ;vmapjcif ;
xlxoJ nfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tv$monf ajrqDvm$ wGi;f od@k yrm%}uD;rm;onfh ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f udk
jznfx h nfh ay;onf? &moDOwkEiS hf ajrqDvm$ wGi;f &Sd ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf tyiftjr‡prf sm; &&Spd m;oH;k
Ekdif&eftwGuf ouf&Sd &kyfypPnf;rsm;udk acszsuf+yD; tm[m&tjzpf ajymif;vJay;onf? trsKd;tpm; 4
uGjJ ym; jcm;em;onfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f wd@k onf a=uysuo f mG ;vdrrhf nfjzpf+yD;/ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tm[m&
trsK;d tpm;ESihf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tm[m&yrm%wd@k ukd taxmuftyHðh yay;onf? Oyrm - &ifo h nfh
zkH;tkyfypPnf;
wd&p>mefacs; ESihf yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k iftyifrsm;. t&Guw
f @kd jzifh ðyvkyx f m;onfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f onf ajrqDvm$ udk
aumif;rGefap onfh E_ufx&kd*sifyrm%udk axmufyHhay;vdrfhrnf? pyg;cGH odk@r[kwf aumuf&kd;jzifh
ðyvkyfxm;onfh zHk;tkyf ypPnf;onf E_dufx&kd*sif tenf;i,fudkom jznfhxnfh ay;vdrfhrnf?
(6) a&m*gavsmh c s&mwG i f tul t nD a y;jcif ;

oef@&iS ;f pif=u,f aygyh g;+yD; vsijf refpmG ajcmufaoG@onfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f onf tyifrsm;t=um;
r_ad &m*g jyef@ymG ;r_ukd óudwifumuG,&f mwGif taxmuftul ay;onf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf r_Ed iS hf
bufwD;&D;,m;wdk@onf pGwfpkdxkdif;rkdif;onfh tajctaersKd;wGif aexdkif&ef ESpfouf=uonf?
zH;k tkyyf pPn;f onf yufzse;f zdwpf ifonfh a&rS o,faqmifomG ;onfh r_w d @kd . ADZrsK;d aph t&nftwGuu f kd
avsmhcs&mwGif vnf; taxmuftul ay;onf?
(7) ZZDD 0 &k y f y pP n f ; ud k jyef v nf toH k ; ðyenf ;

u|Eyfk wf @kd . tdrt
f eD;tem;/ O,smOfrsm; ok@d r[kwf pdu
k yf sK;d a&; +cHrsm;wGif awG@&&dS onfyh pPn;f
trsm;tjym;udk zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? TZD0&kyf ypPn;f rsm;udk ajraqG;ðyvky&f mwGi‚f if;/
zHk;tkyfypPnf;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ toHk;rðyv#if ‚if;wdk@. tm[m&"gwfrsm;onf? avvGifh qHk;&_H;
oGm;rnf jzpfonf?
(8) tcsd e f E S i f h vk y f t m;uk d ac|wmjcif ;
zHk;tkyfypPnf;onf ajrqDv$mpGwfpkdatmif xdef;odrf;xm;ojzifh u|Ekfyfwkd‹ avmif;ay;&rnfh
a&yrm%udk avsmeh nf;aponf? zH;k tkyyf pPn;f onf aygi;f yifrsm; }uD;xGm;r_ukd t[ef@twm;ðyojzifh
u|efyfwdk@ aygif;oif&onfh tcsdefukd avsmhenf; aponf? zHk;tkyf ypPnf;rsm;onf ajrqDv$m
wnfaqmufrE_ iS hf ajrqDvm$ . ajr=oZm zGòH zd;r_ukd wd;k wuf aumif;rGev f mapojzifh u|eyf wf @kd xGe,
f ufr_
twGuf toHk;ðy&onfh tcsdefudk avsmhenf;aponf?
taphrsm;ESihf tyifaygufuav;rsm;twGuf zH;k tkyf ypPn;f

zH;k tkyf ypPn;f udk taphrsm;ESihf tyifayguf uav;rsm;twGuf oD;ESpH u kd af bmifrsm;ay:wGif csxm;ygu
tpk"d gwu f kd xde;f odr;f ay;vdrhf rnfjzpf+yD; ajrqDvm$ udv k nf; at;atmifxed ;f xm;rnf? txl;ojzifh &moDOwk
yljyif;+yD; ajcmufaoG@onfhtcg taphrsm; vsifjrefpGm ta!‡mufaygufvmrnf jzpf+yD;/ tyifaygufuav;
}uH@cdkifpGm }uD;xGm;vdrfhrnf?
rsK;d aphrsm; ysK;d xm;onfh ajrqDvmG ay:wGif yg;v$monfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f jzifh zH;k tkyEf ikd o
f nf? tu,fI
zH;k tkyf ypPn;f rsm; tvGex f x l yfygu taphrsm;qDo@kd aea&mifcsnf a&muf&v
dS rd rhf nf r[kwf ojzifh ‚if;wd@k onf
ta!Smuf aygufvm&ef cufcJonf? taumif;qkH;t}uHtpnfwpfckrSm taphrsm; ta!‡mufaygufvmjcif;
&Srd &Sd ae@pOf zH;k tkyf ypPn;f atmufo@k d =unf±h Œ_ ppfaq;yg?
taphrsm; tan‡mufayguv f m+yD;aemuf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f udk topfxu G v
f monfh ta!‡mufrS z,f&mS ;yg?
TuJo h @kd ðyvkyjf cif;jzifh tyifayguu
f avrsm; zH;k tkyyf pPn;f rsm;wGif ydwrf ad er_ukd &yfoef@ap+yD;/ tyifayguu
f av;
rsm; &Sifoef}uD;xGm;ap&ef vHkavmufonfh aea&mifjcnfESifh ae&mudk &&Sdvdrfhrnf?
ykH (48) zk;H tkyyf pPn;f - trSm;ESit

hf rSef
tyifrsm;ESihf opfyifrsm;twGuf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f
tu,fI tyifrsm;. yifpnf od@k r[kwf opfyifrsm;. yifpnfw@kd onf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f ESihf xdawG@aeygu
‚if;wd@k onf tpk"d gwu
f kd xde;f xm;rnf jzpfojzifh avpD;a=umif;udk avsmeh nf;apvdrrhf nf? Ttae txm;onf
r_drsm;twGuf aumif;rGefonfh ywf0ef;usif w&yfjzpf+yD; yifpnfwdk@udk aqG;jrnfhapEdkifonf? yifpnfw0dkuf
ae&m vGwf csefxm;&ef tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
ykH (49) opfyifwpfyifygwfvnf&Sd zkH;tkyfypPnf;
zH;k tkyyf pPn;f . txl;trsKd;tpm;rsm;

yufusdrsm;ESifh c&kwdk@ uJhwdk@aom wGm;oGm;onfh wd&p>mefrsm;onf v$pmr_ef‹ odk@r[kwf }udwfxm;
onfh =uufOcGHrsm;jzifh ðyvkyfxm;onfh zHk;tkyfypPnf;tay: roGm;vmEkdifacs? u|efyfwk@dtyifrsm;tm;
Tzsufydk;rsm;rS pm;aomufjcif;udk &yfwef@oGm;ap&ef taxmuftulðyEdkifonf?
92 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
4
zkH;tkyfypPnf;
ykH (50) txl;zk;H tkyyf pPn;f trsK;d tpm;rsm;
opfo;D yifrsm;twGuf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f
opfyif xdyzf sm; t&Gurf sm;jzifh tkyq
f ikd ;f aeonfh atmufwnfw h nfh ajrae&m ywfywfvnfudk a&puf
usvkdif; [kac:onf? Tae&may:odk@ opfyift&Gufrsm;rS wqifh rdk;a&rsm; usvmojzifh opfyiftjr‡pfrsm;
twGuf aumif;rGeo f nfh tpk"d gwf t&if;tjr‡pf wpfcjk zpfonf? tu,fI u|eyf w f @kd onf a&pufusvikd ;f w0duk f
xlxyfonfh zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tv$m csxm;ygu ykv d so H nfh tpk"d gwo
f nf ouf&dS ±kyyf pPn;f rsm;udk acszsuf &mwGif
taxmuftul ðyvdrfhrnfjzpf+yD;/ ‚if;atmufwGif }uD;xGm;vmaeonfh tyif. tjr‡pfrsm;twGuf aumif;
rGefonfh tm[m &"gwf t&if;tjr‡pfudk axmufyHhay;vdrfhrnf?
ykH (51) opfo;D yifrsm;twGuf zk;H tkyyf pPn;f

a&avmif;jcif;
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
a&onf t&if;tjr‡pf wpfcjk zpfonf? touf&iS v f su&f o dS nfh ouf&t
dS zG@J tpnf;rsm;tm;vk;H wd@k onf
&Sio
f ef &yfwnfEidk &f eftwGuf a&vkt d yfonf? u|Eyfk w
f @kd o;D ESyH ifrsm;twGuf pdwcf s&onfh axmufyrhH &_ adS tmif
aocsmap&ef a&udk *&kwpku d o
f ;kH pG&J ef vkt
d yfonf? Ttcef;onf a&udk rnfuo hJ @kd xde;f odr;f xm;+yD; rnfuo
hJ @kd
tusKd;&Sd&Sd toHk;ðy rnfudk aoaocsmcsm qef;ppfoGm;rnf?
a&tvGerf sm;jcif;
tu,fI a&tvkHtavmufr&Sdygu tyifrsm; aoausysufpD;oGm;vdrfhrnf? odk@aomf tu,fI
a&tvGef rsm;yguvnf; tyifaoaus ysupf ;D oGm;Edik o f nf? tu,fI ajrqDvm$ udk a&aumif;rGepf mG razmuf
xkwf onft h jyif a&udv k nf; trsm;tjym; rpkw, f El idk v
f sif a&0yfaernf jzpfonf? a&0yfaeonfh ajrqDvm$ wGif
avtwGuf ae&m tenf;i,fom &Sdojzifh tyif. tjr‡pfrsm; touf&l&ef cufcJonf? tyifrsm;onf
r=umc% a&rGef;Edkifonf?
tu,fI rd;k &GmoGe;f r_ ok@d r[kwf a&avmif;r_ tvGerf sm;ygu a&onf ajrqDvm$ udk jzwfI vsijf refpmG
pD;qif;+yD;/ tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk o,faqmifoGm;rnf? ‚if;udk pdrfh0ifonf[kac:onf? tm[m&"gwfrsm;
pdrfhxGufoGm;onfh ajrqDv$monf tyiftjr‡pfrsm;twGuf tpmtenf;i,fom &Sdonf? tyifrsm;onf
r=uc% iwfrGwf jcif;rsm;jzpfonf?
xdek nf;wl tu,fI rd;k &GmoGe;f r_ ok@d r[kwf a&avmif;r_ tvGerf sm;jym;ygu tay:,HajrqDvm$ onf
a0;&mt&yfo@kd wdu k pf m;oGm;Ekid o
f nf/ ‚if;udk wdu
k pf m;jcif;[kac:onf? wku d pf m;jcif;onf tzd;k wefonfh tm[m&
"gwrf sm;tm; a0;&mt&yfo@kd o,faqmifomG ;+yD;/ ajrqDvm$ . wnfaqmufyu kH kd zsuq
f ;D ojzifh tyifrsm; &Sio
f ef
&yfwnf&ef cufco J nf?
a&vkt
d yfrr+ sm;
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsK;d EG,pf rk sm;onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh a&yrm%rsm;udk vkt d yfonf? Oyrm
- uefpGef;Oyifonf ocGm;yifxufa& tenf;i,fjzifh &Sifoef&yfwnfEkdifonf? tyifrsm;onfvnf; ‚if;wkd@
oufwrf;wGif touft&G,t f vku d f uJjG ym;jcm;em;onfh a&vkt
d yfonf? Oyrm - Eke,fonfh tyifayguf uav;
rsm; od@k r[kwf a&G@ajymif;pku
d yf sK;d &rnfh tyifayguu f av;rsm;onf ajcmufaoG@onfh ajrqDvm$ wGif xdcu
kd yf supf ;D r_
vG,fojzifh yHkrSefa&avmif;ay;&ef vdktyfonf? tyifrsm;tm;vHk;onf ‚if;wdk@ tyGifhyGifhonfhtcgESifh
toD;oD;onfh tcgwiG f a&ydrk kd vkt d yfonf?
94 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
4
a&avmif;jcif;
ykH (52) tyifrsm;. a&vkdtyfcsufrsm;
a&udk ac|wmjcif;
ajrqDvmG xJwiG f a&udk xde;f xm;Ekid &f ef taumif;qH;k enf;vrf;rSm ajrqDvm$ wGif ajrmufrsm;pGmaom
ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm; &S&d efjzpfonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;onf tpk"d gwu
f kd pkw,
f jl cif;ESihf
xdef;odrf;xm;jcif;rsm;wGif tvGefaumif;rGefonf? ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf;rsm;jzifh ºuG,f0+yD;/ euf&_dif;onfhtjyif
zHk;tkyf ypPnf;rsm;jzifh tumtuG,fay;xm;onfh ajrqDv$monf tpkd"gwfudk tcsdeftawmf=um xdef;odrf;
xm;Ekdif vdrfhrnf?
ykH (53) a&aiG@ysHykH

yljyif;+yD;/ ajcmufaoG@onfh &moDwGif tpkd"gwf trsm;tjym;onf ajrqDv$m. tay:xyftv$mrS
a&aiG@yso H nf? ajrqDvm$ . teufyidk ;f wGif a&aiG@ysrH e_ nf;yg;ojzifh ajrqDvm$ onf a&udk tawmf=um xde;f odr;f
xm;Edik o f nf? eufonfh tjr‡prf sm; &do S nfh tyifrsm;onf ajrqDvm$ . rsuef mjyif ajcmufaoG@omG ;aomfvnf;
Ta&rsm; udk toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? at;onfh &moDEiS hf ylonf&h moDrsm;wGif a&avmif;onft h cg a&rsuef mjyif
pkd&kHr# r[kwfyJ ajrqDv$mwpfckvHk; pdk&GJae&ef aocsmatmif ðyvkyfoifhonf? tu,fI a&onf 10 - 15
pifwDrDwm teufxuf ydkI pD;qif;oGm;Ekdifygu tjr‡pfeufonfh tyifrsm;tm; tywfpOfwdkif; 2 }udrf -
3}udro f m a&avmif;ay;&ef vkt d yfonf?f tu,fI u|Eyfk w f @kd onf tay:,H ajrqDvm$ udo k m a&avmif;ay;
ygu/ tyifrsm;wGif wdraf om tjr‡prf sm;om wd;k yg;G vmrnf jzpf+yD;/ a&aiG@rysrH D ‚if;wd@k onf tay:,Hrsuef mjyif&dS
a&qDokd@a&muf&Sd&ef óud;pm;=u vdrfhrnf? wdrfaom tjrpfrsm;onf vsifjrefpGm ajcmufaoG@+yD; vG,fulpGm
ysufpD;Ekdifonf?
tyifrsm;. tjr‡prf sm;tm; a&avmif;jcif;

[if;oD;[if;&Guf trsm;tjym;wd@k . tjr‡prf sm;onf ajrqDvm$ . tay:ykid ;f 20 -30 pifwrD w D mwGif
&Sio
f ef}uD;xGm; =uonf?f ok@d aomf c&rf;csOo
f ;D uJo
h @kd aom tcsK@d tyifrsm;onf? yGa,mif;onfh ajrqDvm$ wGif
1³5 rDwmteuf txd &Sifoef}uD;xGm;Edkifonf?
ykH (54) Al;§tkd;rsm;jzifh a&avmif;jcif;

td;k §cGurf sm;
oD;ESyH ifrsm;. pdu
k yf sK;d abmifukd ðyjyifonft
h cg aºuGa&mifrwifxm;onfh ok@d r[kwf tufuaJG eonfh
ajrtkd;/ 0g;Al; odk@r[kwf yvyfpwpf a&aomufykvif; ponfwdk@tm; xdyfydkif;ukd ajrqDv$m txufydkif;wGif
azmfxm;ay;+yD; ajrðryfxm;yg? 0g;Al;ESifh yvyfwpf ykvif;rsm;wGif taygufi,frsm; azmufxm;yg? taphrsm;
odk@r[kwf tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk pGwfpkdaom ajrqDv$mwGif Al;rsm;rS 10 pifwDrDwmtuGm pdkufysKd;yg?
ESpfywf oHk;ywftwGif; cgwdkif;uJhokd@ a&avmif;yg?
tyifrsm;}uH@cdkifvm+yD;onfhaemufwGif a&udk tywfpOf 3}udrf okd@r[kwf 4 }udrftkd;xJodk@
a&avmif;ay;&efom vkdtyfonf? a&onf tjr‡pf. 0ef;usifw0dkuf wjznf;jznf; atmufodk@ pkwf0ifoGm;
vdrhf rnf?
96 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
usif;jzifh a&oGi;f ay;jcif;
qufoG,fxm;onfh usif;rsm;jzifh a&oGif;ay;jcif;onf &kd;&ma&oGif; pdkufysKd;enf;ESifh qifwlonf?
usif;rsm;udk tyifwpfyifpD okd@r[kwf tyiftkyfpk ywfvnfwGif wll;onf? uGif;qufwav#mufvHk; a&w
jznf;jznf; pD;qif;oGm;Ekid &f ef usi;f rsm;udk atmufo@kd avsmch somG ;onf? ‚if;wd@k onf a&udk tjr‡p0f ef;usiw
f 0du
k f 4
ydwfavSmif xm;+yD; rdk;a&udkvnf; pkaqmif;onff?
a&avmif;jcif;
ykH (55) usif;jzifh a&oGif;ay;ykH
a&pufcs a&oGi;f pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
u|Eyfk w
f @kd onf a&avmif;yH;k / yduk af ysmh ok@d r[kwf a&yef;rsm;jzifh a&avmif;onft h cg tcsK@d aoma&rsm;
onff a&aiG@ysjH cif;/ tay:,H ajrrsuef mjyifay: pD;qif;oGm;jcif;/ vlomG ;vrf;uJo h @kd aom a&rvdt k yfonfh ae&m
rsm;ay:odk@ usa&mufoGm;jcif;a=umifh csufcsif; qHk;&_H;oGm;onf? a&pufcs a&oGif; pdkufysKd;enf;onf xdkodk@
qHk;&_H;oGm;onfh a&yrm%udk avsmhenf;ap&ef aumif;rGefonfh enf;vrf;wpfck jzpfonf?
a&pufcsa&oGi;f pku d yf sK;d enf;onf a&udk ajrqDvm$ ok‹d wdu k &f u
dk f csay;ojzifh a&aiG@ysrH _ tvGeef nf;yg;
onf? a&onfvnf; wjznf;jznf; qif;oGm;ojzifh qH;k ±_;H r_ tvGeef nf;yg;onf? a&onf ajrqDvm$ udk jzwfI
atmufodk@ jznf;jznf;csif; pD;oGm;+yD; tyiftjr‡pfrsm;rS tusKd;&SdpGm toHk;ðyonf? a&pufcs a&oGif;pkdufysKd;
jcif;pepfwiG f (yk§H 56) a&udk xnfx h m;&ef yH;k ESihf ydu
k af ysmh wpfacsmif;omvkt d yfonf? yk;kH udk ajrjyifrS jrihw
f if
xm;jcif;jzifh qGiJ iftm;a=umifh a&udk atmufo@dk p;D qif;oGm;aponf? ydu k af ysmh od@k r[kwf ydu
k rf sm;wGiG f tvGef
ao;i,fonfh taygufuav; yg&dSjyD; a&udk wpfpufcsif; xGufvmaponf// tyifrsm;udk taygufwpfckpD
teD;wGif pdkufysKd;onf?
ykH (56) a&pufcs a&oGi;f ykH

a&udk jyefvnftok;H ðyjcif;
ykrH eS t
f m;;jzifh tdrtf eD;wpf0u
kd wf iG f qk;H &_;H oGm;onfh a&udk tyifrsm;pdu k yf sK;d Edik &f eft
f wGuf wzefjf yef
vnf tok;H ðyEkid o f nf// tk;d cGuf yefuefaq;a=um&efae&m/ t0wftxnfrsm; av#mzf w G &f ef ae&mESihf a&csK;d &ef
ae&mrsm; rS a&rsm;udk jyefvnf toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? wpfenf;rSm rD;zdak csmif ok@d r[kwf a&csK;d cef;rS a&tavtvGihf
rsm;udk puf0ikd ;f abmifrsm;od@k qufo, G of mG ; ay;&ef jzpfonf (yk§H 18³2) ukjd yef=unfyh g?? ok@d r[kwf Tae&m
wpf0ukd w
f iG f pGwpf odk nfh tajctaeudk ESpo f ufonfh yde;f / a&uefpeG ;f uJo h @dk aom tyifrsm;pdu k yf sK;d yg?
a&avmif;csdef
tyifrsm;udk a&avmif;&ef taumif;qk;H tcsed rf mS ajrqDvm$ at;onfh tcsed jf zpfaom eHeufapmapm
jzpfonf? odk@r[kwf naeykdif; ae0ifcgeD; tcsdefjzpfonf? Ttcsdefrsm;wGif aeonf rdk;aumif;uif.
tEdSrhfykdif;wGif &Sd+yD; avwdkufcdkufr_ enf;yg;avh&Sdonff? qdkvkdonfrSm ajrqDv$m. xdyfykdif; tay:,Hv$mrS
a&aiG@ysrH e_ nf;yg;ojzifh a&rsm;onf ajrqDvm$ . teufyidk ;f qDo@dk pdr0hf ifomG ;&ef tcsed &f +dS yD; tyifrsm;. tjr‡pf
rsm;rS xdka&rsm;udk pkwf,lEkdifonf?
ykH (57) a&avmif;csed rf sm;
98 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf
a&&,ljcif;
ajrjyifay:od@k usa&mufonfh rd;k a&tajrmuftrsm;udk u|eyf wf @kd toH;k rðyyJ &S=d uonf? Tydv
k #aH om
a&rsm;udk cH,l&efESifh okdavSmifpkaqmif;&ef óud;pm;jcif;jzifh u|efyfwdk@twGuf &&SdEkdifonfh a&yrm%udk
jrifhwifay;Ekdifonff? a&wHav#mufrsm; yg&Sdonfh ao;i,fonfh tdrfacgifrdk;ESifh tenf;i,f ta&wGufom 4
&Sdaom 200 vDwm0if pnfydkif;rsm;onf ao;i,fonfh [if;oD;[if;&Guf pdkufabmif tenf;qHk; 3 - 4
a&avmif;jcif;
abmiftwGuf vHkavmufaom a&rsm;udk cH,lpkaqmif;ay;Ekdifonf? rkwfokef rdk;&GmoGef;onfh a'orsm;wGif
Ta&pkaqmif;enf;onf pdkpGwfonfh &moD. tapmykdif; tcsdefrsm;wGif tyifaygufuav;rsm;udk ðypk
ysKd;axmif&eftwGuf toHk;0ifonf?
ykH (58) a&okdavSmifxm;ykH

rSwfpkrsm;
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100 CAN vufpGJpmtkyf

5
5
tcef; 5/ ajr-oZmrsm;ESifh zsufqD;wwfaom
ykd;r$m;rsm;tm; xdrf;csKyfjcif;
wd&p>mefacs;
tpdrf;a&mifajr-oZm
ajr-oZmt&nfrsm;
ajraqG;
wDaumifrsm;
ZD0Ekd;ºuGypPnf;rsm;
zsufqD;wwfaom ykd;r$m;rsm;tm; obm0tavsmuf ukdifwG,f
aqmif&Gufjcif;
tcef; 101
wd&p>mefacs;
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
⋅ wd&p>mefacs;rsm;onf ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;ESihf t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;yg0if+yD; tm[m&"gwrf sm; aumif;rGef
onfh t&if;tjr‡pf wpfcjk zpfonf? uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh wd&p>mefacs; trsK;d rsK;d rsm;wGif uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh
tm[m&"gwf yrm%rsm; yg0ifonf (atmufyg Z,m;uk=d unfyh g)? ok@d aomf wd&p>mefacs; trsK;d tpm;
tm;vH;k udk O,smOfrsm;ESihf pduk yf sK;d a&;+cHrsm;&Sd ajrqDvm$ rsm;. ajrqD=oZm wd;k wufaumif;rGef vmap&ef
toHk;ðyEkdifonf?
⋅ toD;t&GufypPnf;rsm;udkom trsm;qHk;pm;oHk;onfh wd&p>mefrsm;onf ajrqDv$m. ajr=oZm wdk;wuf
aumif;rGev f map&eftwGuf taumif;qk;H acs;rsm;udk xkwv f yk af y;onf? Tacs;wGif ouf&dS &kyºf uGi;f ypPn;f
rsm;ESifh tusKd;ðy bufwD;&D;,m; tajrmuftrsm; yg0ifonf? tom;rsm;udk trsm;qHk;pm;oHk;onfh
wd&p>mefacs;rsm;wGif uyfyg;ydk;rsm; yg&SdEkdifojzifh pm;oHk;oD;ESHrsm; pdkufysKd;&mwGif wdkuf&kduf toHk;rðyacs?
⋅ wd&p>meftrsKd;tpm; trsm;pk. vwfqwfonfh acs;onff? xHk;pHt&pkdpGwfonf? ajcmufaoG@ raeacs?
pkpd w
G f aeonfh acs;onf ajcmufaoG@aeonfh acs;xuf tm[m&"gwf yg0ifEe_ ;f jrifrh m; onf? od@k aomf
vnf; vwfqwfonfh acs;rsm;. tm[m&"gwf yg0ifEe_ ;f onf jrifrh m;Ekid o f nfh twGuf wdu k &f udk f toH;k ðy
ygu tyifrsm;tm; avmifu|r;f Ekid o f nf? taumif;qH;k rSm vwfqwfonfh acs;rsm;udk toH;k rðyrD ajraqG;
ðyvkyf&ef okd@r[kwf tm;aysmhoGm;&ef a&a&myg?
⋅ vwfqwfonfh wd&p>eaf cs;rsm;wGif xH;k pHtwdik ;f a&wGif aysm0f ifEifdk o f nfh E_id x
f &k*d sirf sm;ESihf rD;pke;f "gwrf sm;
onff jrifrh m;onft h wkid ;f twmyg&+dS yD;ajrjyifa&/ jrpfrsm;ESihf ajrqDvm$ rsm;udk nSpn f rf;aponf? taumif;
qH;k rSm wd&p>mefrsm; arG;jrL&efae&m/ wd&p>mefacs;rsm; odak vSmif&ef ae&mESihf toH;k jyKonfh ae&mwd@k onf
a&t&if;tjr‡pf od@k r[kwf pdu k yf sKd ;xGe,
f ufonfh ajrae&mrS rDwm( 30 ) xufreD;& ?
wd&p>mefacs; E_dufx&kd*sif μ rD;pke;f μ jym μ ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf;μ a&aiG@μ

EGm;§u|J 0³6 0³2 0³5 17 83
0uf 0³5 0³3 0³5 14 86
=uuf 1³1 0³8 0³5 25-45 55-75
bJ 0³6 1³4 0³5 25-45 55-75
qdw§f ok;d 0³7 0³3 0³9 32-34 66-68
,kH 2³4 1³4 0³6 33 43
vif;Ek@d 10-15 5-10 1-5 - -
wd & p> m ef a cs;rsm;ud k t oH k ; jyKjcif ;

⋅ wd&p>mefacs;udk taumif;qk;H toH;k ðyonfeh nf;rSm ‚if;udk ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef jzpfonf? wd&p>mef acs;onf
ajraqG;xJodk@ tm[m&"gwf jznfhpGufay;+yD; ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf;rsm; aqG;jrnfh&mwGif tul tnDay;onfh
tvGefao;i,f onfh ouf&SdtzGJhtpnf;rsm;. ta&twGufudk jrifhwifay;onf?
⋅ tu,fI wd&p>mefacs;rsm;udk csucf si;f ajraqG;ðyvkyrf xm; ygu tm[m&"gwq f ;kH &SKH ;rSKudk &yfwef‹ ap&ef
‚if;udk pdkpGwfonfh tyHk jyKvkyf+yD; odrf;qnf;xm;oifhonf? tu,fI wd&p>mefacs;rsm;udk jzef@xm;+yD;
acsmufaoGŒatmif xm;ygu edKufx&d*k si"f gwo f nf avxkxo J @kd trd;k eD;,m; "gwaf iG@ tjzpfq;kH &SK;H oGm;Edik f
vdrfhrnf?
⋅ tu,fI wd&dp>mefacs;rsm;udk ajrqDv$mxJodk@ wdkuf&dkufjznfhxnfhygu pdkufysdK;r_rðyvkyf rSDtenf; qHk;
ESpfygwf apmifhqdkif;&ef vdktyfvdrfhrnf?
⋅ uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh wd&p>mefacs;trsdK;rsdK;udk a&maESmxm;jcif;jzifh aumif;rGefr#wonfh rwluGJ jym;onfh
tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk axmufyhHay;Edkifonf? 5
⋅ wd&p>mefacs;rsm;udk pkaqmif;&efEiS hf toH;k ðy&efv, G u f o l nfh enf;wpfenf;rSm atmufct H cif;udk toH;k ðy&ef
jzpfonf? atmufct H cif;onf wd&p>mefacs; t&nfEiS hf ao;&nfpyk , f o l jzifh wd&p>mef udk oef@&iS ;f pGmESihf
wd&p>mefacs;
ajcmufaoG@pGm xm;&SdEdkif&eftwGuf toHk;ðyonfh ypPnf;jzpfonf? atmufcH tcif;. Oyrmrsm;wGif
=uuftdrfrsm;ESifh EGm;+cHrsm;wGif toHk;ðyonfh aumuf&dk;rsm; / pyg;cGHrsm;/ v$pmr_ef@/ ajryJcGHrsm;/ opf&Guf
ajcmufrsm; ponfwdk@ jzpfonf?
⋅ ajrqDv$mxJodk@ wd&p>mefacs;ESifh atmufcHtcif; a&maESmxm;onfh ypPnf;rsm;jznfhxnfhjcif; rðyvkyfrSD
aqG;jrnfoh mG ;ap&ef wpfygw(f od@k ) ESpyf gwaf pmifq
h ikd ;f v#if taumif;qH;k jzpfonf?
⋅ wd&p>mefacs;udk toHk;ðy&mwGif taumif;qHk;enf;rSm ajrqDv$may:odk@ jzef@cif;vdkuf+yD; ‚if;udk wl;ðryf&ef
jzpfonf? rd;k a&zGzJ (JG o@)kd n‡io
f mpGm a&avmif;ay;v#if ajrqDvm$ onf tm[m&"gwf rsm;udk ydrk pkd yk , f El ikd &f ef
taxmuftul ay;vdrfhrnf? ao;i,fonfh ae&mwpfae&m wnf;wGif wd&p>mefacs; trsm;tjym;udk
csxm;ygu odyftoHk;t0ifacs? tu,fI wd&p>mefacs;rsm;onf tvGefvwfqwfygu tyifrsm;udk
yifv#if zsufqD; apEdkifonf?
rSwfcsuf? ? wd&p>mefacs;rsm;udk ajr=oZm t&nftjzpf toHk;ðyyHkudk (pmrsufESm§107)

ajr=oZmt&nf acgif;pOfwGif zwf&_avhvmyg?
tcef; (5) ajr-oZmrsm;ESifh zsufqD;wwfaom ykd;r$m;rsm;tm; xdrf;csKyfjcif; 103

tpdrf;a&mifajr-oZm
a,bk,sok;H oyfcsuf
tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZmrsm;onf ajrqDv$mtm; tusKd;ðyap&ef pkdufysKd;onfh rnfonfhtyiftrsKd;tpm;rsKd;
rqkdjzpfonf? tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZmrsm;onf ajrqDv$m twGif;&Sd ouf&Sd tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. tpmjzpfonf?
trsK;d tpm; trsm;tjym;rSm wd&p>mefrsm;ESihf vlrsm;. tpmjzpfEidk o
f nf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmrsm;onf ajraqG;
odk@r[kwf wd&p>macs;rsm; vkHavmufpGm r&&SdEdkifonfh ae&mrsm;wGif tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZmrsm;. tusK;d ðyr_rsm;?

⋅ uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsK;d EG,pf k trsm;tjym;ukd tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZmtjzpf tok;H ðyEkid +f yD; rsK;d aphrsm;ukd
cgwidk ;f uJo
h @dk vG,u
f pl mG &&SEd idk +f yD; aps;E_e;f csKo
d monf?
⋅ tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZm tokH;ðycsdefwGif ajr=oZm wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef twGuf pkdufysKd;a&;+cH
okd@r[kwf O,smOf tjyifzuf&Sdf t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;udk tokH;ðy&ef rvkdtyfacs?
⋅ tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZm rsKd;EG,fpk tm;vkH;onf tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk jyefvnf tokH;ðy+yD; ajrqDv$m
wnfaqmufrE_ iS hf ajrqD=oZm wk;d wufaumif;rGev f map&ef ouf&dS ±kyyf pPn;f rsm;ukd jznfph u
G af y;onf?
⋅ yJrsKd;yifrsm;jzpfaom tpdrf;a&mif ajr=oZm oD;ESHyifrsm;onf ajrqDv$m. Ekdufówd*sif"gwfudk jrifhwif
ay;onf?
⋅ tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZmrsm;onf ajrqDv$mtm; aea&mif/ rkd;a&ESifh avwkd@. wdkuf±kdufxdawG@r_rS
tumtuG,fay;+yD; ajrqDv$m wkdufpm;r_udkvnf; óudwifumuG,fay;onf?
⋅ oD;ESHyifrsm; pkdufysKd;&moDt=um; tpdrf;a&mif ajr=oZmyifudk pdkufysKd;jcif;jzifh tcsKd@aom ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh
aygif;yifrsm;.tqifhqifh}uD;xGm;zGH@òzd;vmr_udk jzwfawmuf&mwGiftultnD ay;Ed_if+yD;a&m*grsm;udk
avsmeh nf;aponf?
tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZmrsm;udk toHk;ðyjcif;
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmtrsK;d rsK;d rsm;ukd tok;H ðy&ef rwlujJG ym;onfh enf;rsm;&So d nf? trsm;qk;H
tok;H ðyonfh omrefenf;rSm tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmrsm;ukd pm;ok;H oD;ESyH ifrsm;twGuf pku d yf sK;d onfh ajray:wGif
pkdufysKd;&efjzpfonf? Tokd@jzifh ajrqDv$mwkdufpm;r_udk óudwifumuG,fay;jcif;/ tm[m&"gwfrsm;ukd
tpm;xkd;ay;jcif;ESifh ajrqDv$m zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufr_udk jyifqifrGef;rHay;onf? tpdrf;a&mifajr=oZm
rsK;d EG,pf yk ifrsm;udk pm;oD;ESyH ifrsm;ESihf uyfv#u&f o dS nfh ajray:wGiv
f nf; pku
d yf sK;d Ekid +f yD;/ zk;H tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf‚if;/
ajr=oZmtjzpf‚if;/ tok;H ðy&ef &dwo f rd ;f Ekid o
f nf?
TpepfwiG f pm;oH;k oD;ESyH ifwrsK;d &dwo f rd ;f +yD;/ aemufwrsK;d rpku d yf sK;d rSD tcsed t
f wGi;f tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmyifudk
pkdufysKd;jcif;jzpfonf? TuJhokd@ pkdufysKd;jcif;onf ajymif;zl; okd@r[kwf rkHnif;uJhokd@aom tm[m&"gwftrsm;
tjym; vkt d yfonfh pm;ok;H oD;ESyH ifrsm;twGuf tvGet f a&;}uD;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmyifukd ykrH eS t f wdik ;f
pku
fd yf sK;d onf? ok@d aomf xk;H pHtwkid ;f tyGiphf wifryGirhf EDS iS hf wzefjyefI
f rsK;d qufrjyef@ymG ;rSD ‚if;ukd ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f
wl;ðryfxm;onf? TuJo h @dk ðyvkyjf cif;onf tyifrsm;aqG;jrnfph Of tm[m&"gwrf sm;ESihf ouf&±dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;.
trsm;qk;H yrm%udk ajrqDvm$ wGi;f ok@d jyefvnftok;H ðy&mwGif aocsmap&efjzpfonf? yJveG ;f rsm;/ yJwpD rd ;f rsm;
ESihf ayguyf ef;jzLyifrsm;onf tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm rsK;d EG,pf k yifrsm;jzpfonf? tb,fa=umifh qkad omf ‚if;wd@k
onf yJrsKd;EG,fyifrsm;jzpf+yD; a&tajrmuftrsm; rvkdtyfacs?
5
tpdrf;a&mifajr-oZm
ykH (59³1) ajymif;yifatmuf&ydS yJ ifrsm;
ouf & S d z k H ; tk y f y pP n f ;
ouf&zdS ;Hk tkyyf pPn;f onf tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmjzpf+yD; pm;ok;H oD;ESyH ifEiS hf twltuG pku d yf sK;d onf? ouf&zdS ;Hk tkyf
ypPnf;rsm;onf tpOfojzifh yJrsKd;EG,fyifrsm;jzpf+yD; pm;okH;oD;ESHyif. txGufE_ef;ukd jr‡ifhwifay;&eftwGuf
Eku
d óf wd*si"f gwf tyku d dk axmufyahH y;Ekid o f nf? ouf&zdS ;Hk tkyyf pPn;f pepfwpfc. k aumif;rGeo f nfh Oyrmwpfcrk mS
yJwpD rd ;f ESihf ajymif;zl;jzpfonf (yk§H 59³1)? ajymif;zl;yif}uD;xGm;vm+yD; av;ywf aemufyidk ;f tcsed Yf yJwpD rd ;f yifudk
‚if;ajr wpfuu G x f rJ mS yif pku
d yf sK;d onf? ajymif;yifonf oufwrf;ykrd &dk if+h yD; ykrd &dk n
S o
f jzifh aea&mifjcnftwGuf
yJwDpdrf;ESifh ,SOfòydif&ef rvkdtyfacs? yJwDpdrf;onf yJrsKd;EG,fyifwpfckjzpf+yD; Ekdufówd*sif"gwfukd ajrqDv$mxJ
jznfhxnfhay;ojzifh tm[m&"gwfrsm;twGuf ajymif;yifESifh ,SOfòydifjcif; rðyacs? ajymif;yifrsm;ukd ykHrSef
twkdif;&dwfodrf;+yD;/ yJwDpdrf;ukd ajrqDv$mxJ wl;òryfjcif; okd@r[kwf pm;okH;&eftwGuf &dwfodrf;jcif;rsm;
ðyvkyfEkdifonf?
ykH (59³2) ajr=oZmtwGuft&Gufrsm;tm; wl;qGðryfESHykH

pd k u f y sKd ; a&;ES i f h opf a wmaygif ; pyf p d k u f c if ; rS tpd r f ; a&mif ajr=oZm
ouf&+dS cHpnf;&k;d rsm;/ opfyifrsm;t=um; [if;oD;[if;&Guf pdu k yf sK;d jcif;ESiu
hf eG w
f pkd u
kd yf sK;d jcif; tm;vH;k wd@k
onf pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawmaygif;pyf pdkufysKd;cif;rsm;jzpfonf? TpepfwGif opfyifrsm;ESifh tjcm;ESpf&Snfyif
rsK;d EG,pf 0k ifrsm;udk tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm/ xif;ESihf tumtuG,rf sm;axmufyahH y;E_id &f ef oD;ESpH u kd cf if;rsm;ESihf
pdu
k yf sK;d abmifrsm;teD; od@k r[kwf uyfvsuf pdu k yf sK;d onf? Ttyifrsm;. t&Gurf sm;ESihf yifpnfi,frsm;udk &dyo f rd ;f
+yD; zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzifh od@k r[kwf ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd wl;ðryf+yD; toH;k ðyEdi_ o f nf? Oyrm aumif;rGeo f nfh tpdr;f a&mif
ajr=oZmrsm;wGif 'ef@ovGeyf ifrsm;/ abmpfuikd ;f / cs,&f /D wrgyif/ tp&So d nfw@kd jzpfonf? owif;tcsuf ydrk &kd &Sd
&ef tcef;§6 ud=k unfyh g?
ykH (60) pku

d yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawmaygi;f pyfpu
dk cf if;rS tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm

ajr-oZmt&nfrsm;
a,bk,s oH;k oyfcsuf
wd&p>macs;/ opf&uG pf rd ;f rsm; od@k r[kwf ajraqG;wd@k ukd a&xJwiG f pdrx
f m;+yD;aemuf/ tm;aysmo
h mG ;atmif
a&xyfa&mjcif;jzifh ajr=oZmt&nfrsm;udk ðyvkyEf i_d o f nf? ‚if;wGif tyifrsm;. }uD;xGm;r_ukd jrefjrefEiS hf vG,v
f ifh
wul wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf tmif ðyvkyaf y;Edik af om a&xJwiG f aysm0f ifEikd o f nfh tm[m&"gwEf iS hf tvGeaf o;i,f 5
vGef;onfh ouf&SdtzGJ@tpnf; trsm;tjym;yg0ifonf? tyifrsm;onf ajr=oZm t&nfrsm;udk ‚if;wdk@.
ajr-oZmt&nfrsm;
tjr‡pfrsm;ESifh ‚if;wdk@. t&Gufay:&Sd ac|;aygufrsm;rS wqifh pkyf,lpm;oHk;Ed_ifonf? ajr=oZm t&nfrsm;udk
xHk;pHt& ESpfywfv#if wpf}udrfyufzsOf;ay;onf? odk@aomf tu,fI tyifrsm;onf tm[m& "gwfrsm;udk
wdk;jrifhvdktyfygu r=umc% ydkrdktoHk;ðyEd_ifonf? Oyrm - a&G@ajymif;pdkufysKd;+yD;aemuf/ tyGifhyGifhcsdefESifh
toD;oD;csdeftwGif;/ a&m*g odk@r[kwf rdk;acgifjcif; '%fzdpD;jcif; cH&csdef?
wd&p>mefacs;t&nf
wd & p> m ef a cs;wG i f tm[m&"gwf r sm;/ tvG e f a o;i,f v G e f ; onf h t%k ZD0 tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm;ES i f h
ouf&Sd&kyfypPnf; rsm;jzifh ºuG,f0onf? arG;jrLa&;+cH&Sd wd&p>meftrsm;pk acs;rsm;udk toHk;ðyEd_ifonf? odk@aomf
r=uc% uGJjym; jcm;emonfh enf;jzifh toHk;ðyonf? (pmrsufESm§102 wd&p>mefacs;ukd=unfhyg)
ypP n f ; ud & d , mrsm;

⋅ qefo@kd r[kwf taphrsm;xnfo h nfh tdww f pftw d ?f a&ESihf avpdrx
hf u
G Ef i_d o
f nfh rnfonfh t0wfpudk
rqdk toHk;ðyEd_ifonf?
⋅ a&udk xnfx h m;&ef }uD;rm;onfh yH;k wpfv;kH / yH;k }uD;av wdpm> efacs;t&nf ydrk ðkd yvkyEf i_d af vjzpfonf?
⋅ yH;k twGuf tzH;k od@k r[kwf ydww f pfck
⋅ wd&p>mefacs;/ vwfqwfv#if taumifq;kH jzpfonf?
ðyvkyfenf;
1? acs;rsm;udk pkaqmif;+yD;/ tdwx f x J nfyh g? tdwu
f kd vHak tmif csnaf ESmifxm;yg?
2? tdwf udyk ;kH xJo@kd xnfv
h ukd yf g?
3? yHk;udka&jznfhyg? odk@aomf xdyfydkif;wGif ae&mvGwftenf;i,fcef@ csefxm;yg?
4? aocsmpGm pkv d map&ef tdwu f dk txufEiS af tmuf rwifyg? w&ufv#iEf pS }f udrrf S oH;k }udrf TuJo
h @kd ðyvkyyf g?
5? ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh uif;a0;ap&ef ESifh tESH@toufav#mhcsEd_if&ef tzHk;tkyfxm;yg?
6? ESpyf gw=f umxm;yg?
7? tyiftwGuf toH;k rðyrD tm;aysmo h mG ;atmif wd&p>mefacs;t&nf wpfqudk a&tq 20 rS tq 30 jzifh
a&myg (100 rDvD vDwmESihf 2 vDwm od@k r[kwf 3 vDwm a&)? owdðy&ef oif. Eke,fonfh tyifrsm;
twGuf tm;aysmhonf hwd&p>mefacs; t&nfudkom toHk;ðyonf? (ykH§61)

ykH (61) wd&p>mefacs;&nf ðyvkyyf Hk
wd&p>macs; t&nftm; toH;k ðyjcif;
⋅ acs;rS tm[m&"gwfrsm; aysmf0ifoGm;vdrfhrnfjzpfojzifh ESpfygwfcef@ aemufydkif;wGif yHk;xJ&Sd t&nfonf
vzuf&nfuo hJ @kd t0ga&mif awG@&rnf?
⋅ tdwu f kd yH;k xJrS xkwv f u kd yf g? acs;udk ajraqG;ðyvkyjf cif; od@k r[kwf pdu k af bmifopf od@k r[kwf pdu k cf if;opfrsm;
jyifqif&efwiG f toH;k ðyyg?
⋅ yHk;xJwGif usef&pfonfh t&nfonf tm;jyif;ojzifh/ wdkuf&dkuftoHk;ðyygu tyifrsm;.t&Gufrsm;ESifh
tjr‡pfrsm;udk avmifu|rf;apvdrfhrnf? oD;ESHyifrsm;tay: yufzsef;toHk;rðyrSD tm;aysmhvmatmif
t&nfuakd &ESihf a&m&efvt kd yfonf? jyif;onfh qdwaf cs; od@k r[kwf =uufacs; jzifh ðyvkyo f nfh acs;t&nfrsm;udk
odyrf jyif;onfh EGm;acs; od@k r[kwf 0ufacs;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyx f m;aom acs;t&nfrsm;xuf tm;aysmv h map&ef
a&ydrk akd &mxnfah y;&ef vdt k yfonf? y#r;f r#jcif; tm;jzifh acs;t&nfwpfqudk tm;aysmv h matmif a&tq
20 jzifh xyfa&moifhonf? odk@aomf aocsmap&ef twGuf taumif;qHk;rSm t&nftenf;i,f udk
ao;i,fonfh aygif; odk@r[kwf jrufyif w0kdufprf;oyf ppfaq;=unfh&ef jzpfonf? tu,fI ESpf&uf
oH;k &uf aemufyikd ;f oif prf;oyfppfaq;xm;onfh ae&mw0du k wf iG f avmifu|r;f jcif; od@k r[kwf t!dak &mif
awG@&yguacs;t&nfukd tm;aysmv h map&ef a&ESiyhf rdk x
kd yfa&m&ef vdt k yfvrd rhf nf? vufawG@tavhtusihf
jzifh u|r;f usirf &_ o dS nfh v,form; rsm;onf acs;t&nfukd toH;k rðyrSD prf;oyfppfaq;&ef vdt k yfvrd rhf nf
r[kwfacs?
⋅ ajr=oZm t&nfrsm;udk ESpyf gwv f #if wpf}udrf yufzse;f toH;k ðyonf? od@k aomf tu,fI tyifrsm;onf
tm[m& "gwrf sm;udk wd;k jr‡iv hf t
kd yfygu wpfygwv f #if ESp}f udryf ufzse;f toH;k ðyEdi_ of nf? ‚if;wd@k ukd ajrv$m
ay:ESifh t&Gufrsm;ay:wkd@wGif yufzsef;tokH;ðyEkdifonf?
⋅ ajr=oZmt&nfudk yufjzef;tok;H ðy&ef taumif;qk;H tcsed o f nf t&nfrsm;v#ijf refpmG pkw0f ifomG ;Ekid +f yD;
t&Gurf sm;udk avmifu|r;f vku d rf nf r[kwo f nfh eHeuf apmapmykid ;f ESihf naeapmif; tcsed rf sm;jzpfonf?
tu,fI t&Guaf y: pkpnf; tok;H ðyygu ac|aygurf sm;&So d nfh t&Gu. f atmufbufrsuEf mS ukd aocsmpGm
pkdatmif yufzsef;yg? t&nfrsm; t&Gufay:rS wpfpufjcif; pD;usvmonfhtxd avmif;ay;yg?
⋅ ajr=oZm&nfrsm;. xda&mufr_udk ykdrdk wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmap&eftwGuf t&GufrsufESmjyifay:wGif
uyfaeEkdifonfh t&nfrsm;ukd tokH;ðyEkdifonf? tkH;qD okd@r[kwf rjyif;onfh qyfjym (vufzuf&nf
ZGef;wpfZGef;udk yufjzef;rnfht&nf 5 vDwm)jzifh a&a&myg? t&Gufrsm;onf t&nfrsm;jzifh vkH;vkH;
v#m;v#m; aocsmpGm zkH;vGrf;oGm;atmif yufzsef;yg?
opf&u
G t
f &nfrsm;
tyiftm;vk;H wk@d . t&Gurf sm;xJwiG f tm[m&"gwrf sm; yg0ifonf? yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;. t&Gurf sm;xJwiG f
tyifrS pky,f El i_d rf nfh aumif;rGeo
f nfh yrm%&Sad om Eku d óf wd*si"f gwf yg0ifonf? yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;. t&Guu
f kd
toH;k ðyjcif;onf tyifrsm;. Edu k óf wd*si"f gwjf rifw
h ifay;&eftwGuf xda&mufr&_ o dS nfeh nf;wpfcjk zpfonf? 5
ajr-oZmt&nfrsm;
ypPnf;ud&d,mrsm;
⋅ a&xnf&h efy;kH wpfc/k yH;k }uD;v#if opf&uG tf &nfukd ydrk kd xkwv
f yk Ef i_d rf nf?
⋅ yH;k twGuf tzH;k od@k r[kwf tydww f pfc/k
⋅ wkw&f n S w
f pfacsmif; od@k r[kwf 0g;wpfp/
⋅ t&Gurf sm;udk jzwf&ef uyfa=u; od@k r[kwf "g;wpfvuf/
⋅ aumif;rGeo f nfh yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyif. t&Gurf sm; (abmpfuikd ;f / cs,&f /D refusn;f )
ykH (62) opf&u

G t
f &nf ðyvkyyf Hk
ðyvk y f e nf ;
1? vwfqwfonfh t&Gurf sm;udk pkaqmif;+yD; ao;i,fonfh tydik ;f uav;rsm; &atmif vS;D jzwfyg?
1
2? yH;k udk jynfah tmif t&Gurf sm;jzifh jznfx
h nfyh g?
3
3? yH;k udk a&jzifh jznfyh g? od@k aomf yH;k txufyikd ;f wGif ae&mvGww f csK@d csex
f m;yg?
4? t&Gurf sm;ESihf a&udw k w
k jf zifh ar$ay;yg? wpf&ufv#if ESp}f udrf rS oH;k }udrt
f xd ðyvkyyf g?
5? yH;k udk ydwxf m;+yD; ESpyf gwcf ef@ apmifq h ikd ;f yg?
opf&u G t f &nftm; toH;k ðyjcif;

opf&Gufrsm;aqG;jrifhvm+yD; tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk xkwfvkyfay;onfESifh tnD yHk;xJ&Sd a&. ta&mifonf
ydkrdkeufvmrnf jzpf+yD;/ ESpfygwf =umonfhaemufwGiftoHk;ðy&ef tqifoifh jzpfaevdrfhrnf? xHkpHt&
opf&Guft&nfonf wd&p>mefacs; t&nfxuf rjyif;aomfvnf; oD;ESHyifrsm;udk yufzsef;toHk; rðyrD
tm;aysmh v map&ef a&a&m&rnf ? taumif ; qH k ; a&mxm;onf h t&nf t wG u f qH k ; jzwf c suf rcsrD
opf&u G t
f &nfrsm;udk wd&p>mef acs;&nfrsm; tm;toH;k ðyouJo
h @kd toH;k ðyyg?

ajraqG;t&nf
ajraqG;twGi;f &Sd tm[m&"gwf trsm;tjym;onf a&xJwiG f vG,vf ifwh ul aysm0f ifEidl +f yD;/ ajraqG;t&nfonf
Ttm[m&"gwrf sm;udk tyifrsm;od@k a0iSay;&mwGif xda&mufr_ &So
d nfeh nf;wpfck jzpfonf? ajraqG;t&nf
ðyvkyfenf; onf wd&p>mefacs; t&nf odk@r[kwf opf&Guft&nfðyvkyfenf;xuf tcsdefydkrdkwdkawmif;+yD;ydkrdk
vG,fulonf? odk@aomf ajraqG;onf ydkrdkaumif;rGef+yD; r#wonfh rwluGJjym;aom tm[m&"gwf rsm;udk
axmufyHhay;Ed_ifonf?
ypPnf;ud&d,mrsm;
⋅ xkwv f yk x
f m;onfh ajraqG;/ }uD;rm;onfh rnfonfh tydik ;f tpukd rqdk z,f&mS ;yg?
⋅ a&avmif;yHk;?
⋅ ar$ay;&ef wkww f H od@k r[kwf 0g;?
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) a&avmif;yH;k wpf0ufukd ajraqG;jzifh vnf;aumif;/ usew
f pf0ufukd a&jzifh vnf;aumif; jznfx
h nfyh g?
(2) ES@H pyfpmG a&moGm;onfh txd nifompGm ar$ay;yg?
(3) ajraqG;t&nfukd a&xyfra&mbJ tok;H ðyEkid of nf?
ajraqG; t&nftm; toH;k ðyjcif;

TajraqG;udk toH;k ðy+yD;aemuf ajraqG;t&nf 3 }udrf rS 5 }udrt f xd xyfrðH yvkyEf i_d o f nf? tb,fa=umifh
qdkaomf a&wGif aysmf0ifEd_ifonfh tm[m&"gwf rsm;onf aES;auG;pGm aysmf0ifjcif;a=uifh jzpfonf? yHk;wGif
use&f adS eonfh ajraqG;onf tvGew f efz;kd &Sq
d jJ zpf+yD;/ ajrqDvm$ xJwiG f wl;ðr‡yjf cif; od@k r[kwf zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf
toHk;ðyjcif;rsm; ðyvkyfoifhonf? ajraqG;t&nfudk wd&p>mefacs; t&nf odk@r[kwf opf&Guft&nfrsm;udk
toHk;ðyouJhodk@ toHk;ðyyg?
ykH (63) ajraqG;&nf ðyvkyyf Hk

ajraqG;
opfawmatmufajc rsufEmS jyif
obm0 avmu}uD;wGi/f ouf&rdS sm; aoqH;k +yD;/ ‚if;wd@k . aoqH;k r_onf tjcm;ouf&w Sd @kd ukd jyefvnf
ar$;zGm; &Sifoefaponf? wd&p>mefESifh tyifESpfrsKd;pvHk;wdk@onf aoqHk;oGm;+yD;aemufydkif;wGif tcsdefumv/
a&/ aea&mifjcnf/ avESihf tvGeaf o;i,fonfh ZD0tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wd@k a=umifh aqG;jrnf=h uonf? awmwGi;f &Sd 5
opfyifrsm;ESihf tyif rsm;wd@k . tjr‡prf sm;onf ajrqDvm$ teufyikd ;f wGif &Sad om tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk pkaqmif;
ajraqG;
&,l+yD;/ opfyifrsm;ESihf tyifrsm;wd@k . t&Gurf sm;qDo@kd yd@k ay;onf? opf&u G rf sm;ESihf opfuikd ;f rsm;wd@k aoa=uysupf ;D
=uI ajrjyif ay:od@k aºuGusvmonft h cg ‚if;wd@k onf aqG;jrnfyh yk o
f ;kd ysupf ;D oGm;=uonf? TjzpfpOfonf ajrqD
v$m wnfaqmufykH ESihf tm[m&"gwf twdik ;f twmudk wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf ponf? v,form;rsm;onf ajraqG;
ðyvkyef nf; [kac: onfh pepfjzifh rdrw d @kd . ajrqDvm$ rsm;udk wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&ef twGuf TjzpfpOfukd
yHw
k u
l ;l vkyaf qmifEi_d f onf?
ykH (64) opfawmatmufajcrsuEf mS jyif
tcef;(5) ajr-oZmrsm;ESifh zsufqD;wwfaom ykd;r$m;rsm;tm; xdrf;csKyfjcif; 111

ajraqG;ðyvkyjf cif;
ajraqG;ðyvkyjf cif;onf ajrqDvm$ . tm[m&"gwf rsm;udk xkwv f yk &f ef twGuf aqG;jrnfo h nfh ZD0&kyf
ypPn;f rsm;tm; xde;f csKyfuyG uf o
J nfh enf;emwpfck jzpfonf? ykyo f ;kd aqG;jrnfo h nfh rnfonft h &mrqdk tyifrsm;
}uD;xGm;vmap &eftwGuf tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk axmufyahH y;vdrrhf nf? od@k aomf tcsK@d aom ZD0ypPn;f rsm;onf
tm[m&"gwyf rkd kd axmufyahH y;+yD; tjcm;aom ypPn;f rsm;xuf ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef ydrk v kd ,
G u
f ol nf? ta&;}uD;qH;k
tcsurf mS ZD0 &kyf ypPn;f rsm;onf tyifrsm; toH;k ðy&ef &&SEd ikd of nfh tm[m&"gwrf sm; rjzpfrD tjynft h 0 ykyof ;dk
aqG;jrnf&h rnf?
opfawmrsufESmjyifay:wGif ykyfodk;aqG;jrnfhouJhodk@ ajraqG;ðyvkyfjcif;onf ouf&Sdvkyfenf;pOf
wpfckjzpf onf? ‚if;onf &SifoefwnfwhHEdkif&eftwGuf tcsdef/ a&/ aea&mifjcnf/ avESifhtjcm;aom
ZD0ypPn;f rsm; vdt k yfonf? Tt&mrsm;udk uGyu f aJ qmif&uG jf cif; tm;jzifh v,form;rsm;onf aumif;rGe+f yD;
tm[m&"gwf ºuG,0f onfh ajraqG;udk wpfEpS yf wfv;kH xkwv f yk Ef ikd +f yD;/ "gww f ak A' ajr=oZmrsm; toH;k ðyr_ukd
avsmch sEidk o
f nf? pmrsuEf mS §113 ESihf 118 &Sd Z,m;rsm;wGif ajraqG;ðyvkyEf i_d o f nfh ypPn;f rsm; tao;pdwEf iS hf
rnfonfhtm[m&"gwftrsKd;tpm; axmufyHh ay;Edkif onfudk az: jyxm;onf? ajraqG;udkwGif;/ ukef;jrifh/
jcif;ponfwdk@wGif ðyvkyfay;Edkifonfh tjyif ajrqDv$m ay:wGifvnf; wdkuf&dkufðyvkyfEdkifonf? Ttcef;wGif
rnfolrqdk rdrdwdk@. tdrftenf; odk@r[kwf rdrdwdk@. v,f,mrsm; wGif ðyvkyfEd_ifonfh uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
ajraqG;ðyvkyfenf;rsm;udk az: jyxm;onf?
ajraqG;ðyvkyef nf;rsm;
ajraqG;ðyvky&f eftwGuf &d;k &Si;f onfeh nf;wpfcrk mS ta&mifo;kH rsK;d jzpfaom t0ga&mif/ tpdr;f a&mifEiS hf
teufa&mif wd@k ukd qifjcifpOf;pm;&ef jzpfonf? use;f rmpGm aexdik Ef i_d &f ef twGuv f rl sm;onf r#wonfh tpm;
tpmudk vdt k yf ouJo h @kd aumif;rGerf #wonfyh pPn;f rsm;onf use;f rmonfah jraqG;ESihf ydrk &kd EdS ikd o
f nfh tm[m&"gwf
rsm;udk xkwv f yk f ay;onf?
t0ga&mif
⋅ umAGef"gwfºuG,f0onfh ZD0&kyfypPnf;rsm;/ Oyrm - opf&Gufajcmufrsm; (tdrfrdk;zuf)/ aumuf&dk;/
jrufajcmuf
tpdrf;a&mif
⋅ Edu
k óf wd*si"f gwf ºuG,0f onfh ZD0ypPn;f / Oyrm - opf&u
G pf rd ;f rsm;/ yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;/ rD;zdak csmif
pGef@ypfpPnf;rsm;/
teufa&mif
⋅ ao;i,fonfh ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzifh ºuG,0f onfZh 0D &kyyf pPn;f rsm; - vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mefacs;/
aumif;rGef onfh tay:,HajrqDvm$ ?

t0ga&mif - umAG e f º uG , f 0 onf h ypP n f ; rsm; umAG e f § Ed k u f ó wd * sif tcsKd ;
tHk;cGH 200;1
}uHzwf 200;1
puUL&Guf 150-;1 5
pyg;cGH 120;1
aumuf&;kd 120;1
ajraqG;
jrufajcmuf 50;1
opf&u G af jcmuf 50;1
ckwjf zwfxm;onfo h pfyif§òcHE,
G f 50;1
tdrrf ;kd a[mif;(jruf§zuf) 50;1
tpd r f ; a&mif - Ek d u f ó wd * sif º uG , f 0 onf h ypP n f ; rsm; umAG e f § Ed k u f ó wd * sif tcsd K ;

[if;oD;[if;&Gufyifrsm; 12;1
tprf;a&mifaygi;f yif 12;1
[if;oD;[if;&GufESifh opfoD;pGef@ypfpPnf; 12;1
yJykyfESifh ajryJpGef‹ypfypPnf; 15;1
wd&p>mef acs; 15-20;1
tpdr;f a&mifjruf 20;1
}uHtwH;k tp 25;1
teuf a &mif - t%k ZD 0 tzG J Œ tpnf ; rsm;

vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mefacs; t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
aumif;rGeo f nfh tay:,H ajrqDvm$ t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
opfawmatmufajc&Sd trd_ufo&dkufrsm; t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
ZD0Edl;ºuG ypPnf;rsm; t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
vwfqwfonfh ajraqG; t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;
rS w f c suf
t0ga&mif§tpdr;f a&mif;§teufa&mif ypPn;f rsm;. tcsK;d onf 6;3;1 jzpfoifo
h nf?
t0ga&mif 6 q (Oyrm 6 yk;H opf&u

G af jcmufrsm;)
tpdrf;a&mif 3 q (Oyrm 3 yk;H vwfqwfonfh tpdr;f a&mifopf&u
G rf sm;)
teufa&mif 1 q (Oyrm 1 yk;H vwfqwfonfh wd&p>eaf cs;)
u|efyfwdk@onf tcsKd;rsm;udk wpfckpDcsdef&ef rvdktyfacs? tawG@tóuHt& v,form;rsm;onf

rsuaf phjzifh =unf&h Hk r#jzifh ypPn;f udk rnfr#xnf&h rnfukd ajymjyEkid o
f nf?

enf;pepf (1)
(1) ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef ae&mudk a&G;cs,yf g? ajraqG;rnfr# xkwv f yk rf nf qdo
k nft
h ay:rlwnf+yD; 4 ukArDwm
tus,f&Sdv#if aumif;rGefonf? ae&mudk oD;xefonfh avESifh rdk;a&rS tumtuG,fay;onf? opfyif
atmuf onf ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef taumif;qH;k ae&m jzpfonf?
(2) oif. tdr/f pduk yf sK;d +cH od@k r[kwf opfawmteD;w0du k &f dS vdt
k yfonfh t0ga&mif/ tpdr;f a&mif/ teufa&mif
ypPnf;rsm;udk pkaqmif;xm;yg? ypPnf;rsm;tm; tydkif;tpuav;rsm;jzpfatmif ckwfjzwfyg? u|efyfwdk@
tpmrsm; 0g;pm;ovdk tydik ;f tpuav;rsm; ao;i,fav t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm; acszsu&f ef ydrk v kd ,G f
ulav jzpfonf? Oyrm - t0ga&mif ypPn;f rsm; tjzpf aumuf&;kd udk toH;k ðyv#if 2 - 5 pifwrD w D m
t&Snftxd ckwfjzwfyg? xdkenf;wl vwf qwfonfh acs;rsm; tvGefpGwfpdkygu a&tenf;i,f a&m+yD;
tyHxk o
J @kd xnfyh g? od@k r[kwf ydrk kd ajcmufaoG@onfh twH;k rsm;udk tykid ;f tpuav;rsm; jzpfatmif acsay;yg?
ykH (65) ajraqG;tv$mrsm;

(3) ajraqG;udk ypPnf;rsm;tm; wpfv$mjcif;tyHkjzpfatmif jznfhxnfhjcif; odk@r[kwf ypPnf;rsm;udk óudwif
a&maESm+yD; rS tyHjk zpfvmatmif jznfx h nfjh cif; ponhef nf;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyEf i_d o
f nf? ypPn;f rsm;tm; óudwif
a&maESmxm;v#if vkyt f m; ydrk v
kd monf? od@k aomf ydrk jkd refqefonhf ajraqG;udk xkwv f yk of nf?
(4) ajraqG;ðyvky&f mwGif ta&;}uD;qH;k t&monf avESiahf & vHak vmufpmG &&Sad tmif aocsmpGm vkyaf qmif
&rnf? t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm; avvHak vmufpmG &&SEd i_d &f ef aocsmap&ef ypPn;f rsm; udk wif;usyaf tmif
ryHyk gEiS /fh t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm; a&rGe;f jcif; r&Sbd J vHak vmufonhaf & aomufo;kH Ekid &f ef ypPn;f rsm;udk
tyHkxJjznfhxnfhpOf a&tenf; i,fom avmif;ay;yg?

(5) ypPn;f rsm;udk twlwuG tyHw k yHw
k nf; Y yHx
k m;+yD;v#if ‚if;wd‹k ukd oD;xefonfrh ;kd a& od@k r[kwf 0ufuo hJ @kd
wl;qGEi_d o
f nfh wd&p>mef&efrS tumtuG,af y;Edi_ &f ef aocsmatmifðyvkyyf g? tvG,q f ;kH enf;rSm ajraqG;
yHkywf vnfwGif 0g;+cHumay;&ef jzpfonf? xdyfydkif;udk zHk;tkyfxm;&eftwGuf iSufaysm&Guf odk@r[kwf
yvyfpwpf a[mif;rsm;udk toHk;ðyyg? (wcgw&H +cHudk OD;pGmwnfaqmuf+yD;rSomv#if ypPnf;rsm;udk 5
jznfxh nfv h #if ydrk kd vG,u
f o
l nf)?
ajraqG;
ykH (66) ajraqG;ðyvky&f ef }ud,mrsm;
(6) ajraqG;yHk tv,fA[dk tay:rS atmufo@kd tayguf azguEf ikd &f ef 0g;pod@k [w k f wkww f pfacsmif;udk toH;k ðyyg?
wpf&uf ESp&f uf aemufyikd ;f Y ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf tyHx k wJ iG f ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm;tm; pwifacszsuf
ojzifh tayguftwGif;&Sd avrsm;onfydkrdkylvmvdrfhrnf? &uftenf;i,f aemufydkif;wGif t%kZD0tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;onf useaf eonfh avESihf a&wd@k ukd ukeaf tmif toH;k ðyvmojzifh tyHo k nf at;vmvdrrhf nf?
(7) t%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; xda&mufpGm tvkyfvkyf udkifEdkifatmif aocsmap&ef ta&;}uD; onfrSm
ajraqG;tyHu k kd (&) &uf w}udrf vSeaf vma&m ar$ay;&ef jzpfonf? ajraqG;udk ar$ay;&eftwGuf umxm;
onfh tumrsm;udk z,f&mS ;+yD; atmuftv$mudk tay:od@k vSeaf y;yg? TuJo h @kd vSeaf vmay;pOf ajraqG;
onf tvGepf akd ev#if wpf&ufwm tajcmufc&H ef vdrk vdk apmif=h unfah vhvmEdik o f nf? od@k r[kwf tvGef
ajcmuf a oG @ aev#if a&yd k r d k x yf j znf h & ef vd k r vd k avh v mqH k ; jzwf E d k i f o nf ? TuJ h o d k @ ðyvk y f + yD ; v#if
+yD;jcif;tumrsm;udk jyefvnf wyfqif+yD; aemuf (& )&uf=umv#if wzefjyefvnfvSefavmay;yg?
&moDOwkEiS hf toH;k ðyonfh ypPn;f rsm; ay:rlwnf+yD; TuJo h @kd ðyvkyo f nfh ajraqG;onf (6 )ywfcef@wiG f
+yD;pD;+yD;/ toHk;ðy&ef tqifoifhjzpfaeonf? +yD;pD;onfh ajraqG;onf aumif;rGefonfh !dk§eufa&mif &Sd+yD;
tay:,H ajrqDv$muJhodk@ tESH@touf&Sdonf (ykyfodk;onfhtESH@ r&Sdacs)? aumif;rGefonfh yGa,mif;a,mif;
zJG@pnf;yHk&Sdonf? O,smOf pdkufabmifrsm;/ rsKd;aphysKd;tdk;rsm; pdkufysKd;&mwGif toHk;ðyonfh jcif;awmif;rsm;/
opfyifywfywfvnf tp&So d nfh ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd jznfx h nfah y;Edik o
f nf? ajraqG;t&nfrsm;udk ðyvky&f mwGiv f nf;
toHk;ðyEkdifonf?
ykH (67) ajraqG;ykt
H m; avazguaf y;ykH
yHk (68) wGif jyxm;ouJhodk@ tqufrjywf xkwfvkyfEdkifaom ajraqG;udk rdk;vkH&m ae&mwpfckwGif
ajraqG; yHktm; oHk;ywfv#if wpf}udrfpOfquf rjywfvSnfhay;jcif;jzifh ðyvkyfEdkifonf? b,fzuftcef; eHygwf
(1) rS pwif+yD; ajraqG;udk yHkrSeftwdkif; ðyvkyfyg? aemufoHk;ywft=umwGif wl;qG+yD; tcef;eHygwf (2) odk@
ajymif;xnfh yg? tcef;eHygwf (1) wGif ajraqG;topf xyfvyk yf g? aemufxyf oH;k ywfwiG f tcef;eHygwf (2 )
rS ajraqG;udk tcef;eHygwf (3) odk@vnf;aumif;/ tcef;eHygwf (1) rS ajraqG;udk tcef;eHygwf (2) odk@vnf;
aumif; ajymif;xnfhyg? tcef;eHygwf (1) wGif ajraqG;topf xyfvkyfyg? aemufxyfoHk;ywf t=umwGif
tcef;eHygwf (3) &Sd ajraqG;onf toH;k ðy&ef tqifoifjh zpfaeonf? Tenf;twkifd ;f tqufrjywf ðyvkyEf ikd f
onf?
ykH (68) tqufrjywf ajraqG;xkwv

f yk ±f Hk

enf;pepf (2)
ZD 0 t[k e f j rif h ajraqG ; ajr=oZm
vd k t yf o nf h ypP n f ; rsm;
1
5
⋅ - q (tav;csed )f -- a&ESihf jyefvnfa&mqGwx
f m;aom opf&u
G af jcmuf
3
ajraqG;
1
⋅ - q (tav;csdef) --opf&Gufpdrf;rsm; (rD;zdkacsmif pGef@ypfypPnf;tygt0if)
3
1
⋅ - q (tav;csed )f --ajr}uD;
3
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) ajraqG;tyH. k atmufajcrsuEf mS jyifonf teuf 30 pifwrD w D m txd czGzaG v; &Sad e&ef vdt k yfonf?
(2) yxr qH;k taejzifh ajrrsuEf mS jyifay: Y opf&u G af jcmufrsm;udk 5 pifwrD w D m txl&adS tmif a&S;OD;pGmcif;csyg?
(3) 'kw, d tv$mwGif opf&u G pf rd ;f rsm; (rD;zdak csmif pGe@f ypfypPn;f tygt0if) jzifh xyfrI H 5 pifwrD w D m txl
&daS tmif cif;csyg?
(4) wwd, tv$mwGif 1 pifwrD w D m txl&dS ajr}uD;jzifh zH;k tkyx f m;vdu k yf g?
(5) ‚if;aemuf tpd"k gwf &&Sad tmif tv$may:od@k a&nDnmpGm avmif;ay;yg?
(6) ajraqG;yHo k nf tenf;qHk 1 rDwm tjrif&h &Sad tmif tqifh 3 rS tqifh 6 wd@k ukd xyfrðH yvkyyf g?
(7) avrsm;&&Sdatmif tcsif; 3 pifwDrDwmcef@&Sd wkwfacsmif;jzifh tyHkudkxdyfzsm;rS atmufajctxd 30
pifwDrDwm tuGma0;cef@&Sd taygufrsm;udk xdk;azgufay;onf?
(8) t=urf;tm;jzifh a&aiG@ysrH E_ iS hf xnfo h iG ;f xm;aom ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f rsm; nDwrl #wl aqG;jrnfh ysupf ;D oGm;&ef
twG u f ajraqG ; yH k u d k oH k ; ywf v #if w pf } ud r f xd k ; qG v S e f a vmay;ygu vH k a vmuf o nf ? xd k o d k @
vSeaf vmay;&rnfh t csed rf mS ajraqG;yHt k wGi;f tyl&edS jf rifw
h uf+yD; jyefvnfavsmuh scgptcsed wf iG jf zpfonf?
(9) txufygtwdik ;f pDrv H yk af qmifxm;aom ajraqG;udk 2 v =um+yD;onfah emufwiG f toH;k ðy&ef tqifoifh
jzpfaernf?
enf;pepf (3)
14 &uf ajraqG ; ajr=oZm
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) tyifrsm;. t&Gufrsm;ESifh tyifpGef@ypfypPnf;rsm;udk vSD;jzwfxm;yg? (tpdk§tajcmuf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;)
(2) vSD;jzwfxm;onfh ypPnf;rsm;ESifh yrm% jcif;wlnDaom vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mefacs;rsm;ESifh a&mar$yg?
(3) tenf;qH;k tvsm;/ tES/H tjrifh 1 rDwmpD &Sad om ajraqG;yHk jzpfvmatmif yHx k m;yg? (1.2 rDwm tjrifh
onf tjrifhqHk; twdkif;twm jzpfoifhonf?)
(4) ajraqG;yHkudk iSufaysm&Gufrsm; odk@r[kwf tdwfcGHtvGwfrsm;jzifh zHk;tkwfxm;vdkufyg?
(5) 3§4 &uf =umonft h cg ajraqG;yH. k twGi;f ydik ;f Y tylcsed jf rifv
h mrnf jzpfonf? tu,fI tylcsed f jrifh
wuf vmjcif; r&Syd gu wd&p>mefacs;udk ydrk kd jznfx h nfah y;yg? wcsed w f nf;rSmyif tyHu
k kd xd;k qGveS af vmay;yg?
(6) xdo k @kd xd;k qGveS af vmay;jcif;udk ESp&f ufv#if wpf}udrf qufvuf vkyaf qmifay;yg?
(7) 14 &uf=umonfh tcsed w f iG f ajraqG;onf toH;k ðy&ef toifjh zpfaernf?
tjcm;aom enf;pepfrsm;
a&mpyf & ef ouf & S d & k y f y pP n f ; tcsd K ;rsm;
enf;pepf - 4 jrufprd ;f - 12 q
v$pmr_e@f - 1 q
enf;pepf - 5 jrufprd ;f - 2 q
aygi;f yif - 3 q
opf&u G af jcmuf -1 q
enf;pepf - 6 opf&u G af jcmuf -5 q
wd&p>mefacs; - 1 q
enf;pepf - 7 opfoD; tykyftokd;rsm;
ðyvkyef nf;
(1) txufwiG f az: jyxm;onfh enf;pepfrsm;wGif a&mpyf&rnfh ypPn;f rsm;udk tydik ;f tpuav;rsm; jzpfatmif
vS;D jzwfxm;+yD; oratmif a&mar$&rnf?
(2) ðyvky&f rnfh ajraqG;yHo
k nf tenf;qH;k tvsm; 1 rDwm/ tESH 1 rDwm/ tjrifh 1 rDwm &S&d rnf?
(3) ajraqG;yHuk kd 3 &ufv#if wpf}udrf yHrk eS f xd;k qGveS af y;&rnf?
(4) 2 ywf rS 3 ywf cef@wiG f ajraqG;udk toH;k ðyEdik of nf?
ouf&&dS yk ºf uGi;f ypPn;f trsKd;rsKd;wdŒk wGif yg0ifonfh tm[m&"gwfrsm;
pOf ypPnf;rsm; Edu

k óf wd*si-f N % rD;pke;f -P % jym-K%
1 iSufaysmoD;cGH (jym) 0 3.3 41.8

2 iSufaysm yifpnf (jym) 0 2.3 49.4
3 aumfzD (=udwx f m;onf) 2.1 0.3 0.3
4 ajymif;zl; (taph xkwx f m;onf) 0 0 2.0
5 ajymif;zl; (jym) 0 0 50.0
6 ajymif;zl; yifpnf 0.8 0 0
7 *%ef;/ ykZeG f 2.0 3.6 0.2
8 yJveG ;f (&Guf / &d;k pdr;f ) 0.5 0.1 0.5
9 yJvGef;yifEG,fajcmufrsm; 3.0 0 2.3
10 yJveG ;f (taph) 3.1 1.0 1.2
11 ocGm;cGH (jym) 0 11.3 27.2
12 ig;aysmh (ajcmuf) 5.0 0 0
13 =uufacs; 1.1 0.8 0.5
14 bJacs; 1.1 1.4 0.5
15 EGm;acs; 0.6 0.2 0.5

16 0ufacs; 0.5 0.3 0.5
17 odk;acs; 0.7 0.3 0.9
18 jrif;acs; 0.7 0.3 0.6
19 vif;Ed@k acs; 1-12 3-16 0 5
20 ,keaf cs; 2.4 1.4 0.6
=uufOcGH (rD;&G@H )
ajraqG;
21 0 0.4 0.3
22 =uufOcGH 1.2 0.4 0.1
23 =uuf§ iSuaf r$; 15.3 0 0
24 v,fyrJ sm; (taph) 4.0 1.2 1.3
25 v,fyrJ sm; (tcG)H 1.7 0.3 0.4
26 ig;pGe@f ypf ypPn;f 2-8 2-6 0
27 a&csKd §a&oef@ &GŒH 1.4 0.3 0.2
28 rD;zd;k acsmifpeG @f ypfypPn;f 3-4 0.1-4 2-4
29 qHyifar$; 12-16 0 0
30 wdpm> efcmG § OD;csKt d r_e@f 10-15 2 0
31 om;a&r_e@f (=udwx f m;onf) 10-12 0 0
32 vdarRmcf GH (jym) 0 3.0 27.0
33 ajryJcHG 0.8 0.2 0.5
34 cdak cs; (pdr;f ) 4.2 2.2 1.4
35 z&kaH ph 0.9 0.5 0.5
36 o=um;ab; xGuyf pPn;f (}uHzwf) 1.1 8.3 0
37 }udwx f m;onfh vufzuf 4.2 0.6 0.4
38 aq;&Gu}f uD; t&Guf 4.0 0.5 6.0
39 aq;&Gu}f uD; t&d;k wH 4.0 0.7 5.0
40 t&k;d r_e@f 1.1 11.0 0
41 aoG;r_e@f 11.0 0 0
42 0g*rG ;f aph 6.0 2.0 1.0
43 yJyyk yf if (}udw)f 7.0 0.5 2.3
44 v$pmr_e@f 0.2 0 0.2
45 *sKaH umuf&;kd 0.7 0.2 1.2
46 opfom;jym 0 1.5 8.0
47 wDaumifacs; 0.5 0.5 0.3
48 &dwfxm;onfh jrufpdrf; 0.5 0.2 0.5
49 opf&GufaqG; ajr=oZm (tdrfwGif;jzpf) 0.5-4 0.5-4 0.5-4
25 μ ouf&±dS yk ºf uGi;f
50 abmpudik ;f &Guf (leucaena) 4.3 0.3 2.5
51 cs,&f yD ift&Guf (GliricidiaSepium) 4.2 0.3 3.4

wDaumifrsm;
a,bk,s ok;H oyfcsuf
v,form;rsm;. taumif;qH;k rdwaf qGonf wDaumifrsm;jzpfonf? wDaumifrsm;onf ZD0 &kyyf pPn;f
rsm;udk jyefvnfðyjyiftoH;k ðyjcif;tm;jzifh ajrqDvm$ . ajrqD=oZmudk tpOfrjywf wd;k wuf aumif;rGef vmap+yD;/
rsKd;qufopftyifrsm;tm; tm[m&"gwfrsm; axmufyHhay; vsuf&Sdonf?
wDaumifrsm;onf tpm&SmazG&eftwGuf ajrqDvm$ udk jzwfIv_y&f mS ; oGm;vmpOf tyif. tjr‡prf sm;
twGuf avpD;a=uif;ESihf a&pD;a=umif;wd@k ukd wdw k ufaumif;rGeaf ponfh Orifv%
kd af cgi;f uav;rsm; udk vnf;
zefwD;ay;onf? wDaumifrsm;. t&nftwGufonf ajr}uD;xJwGif ydkrdkrsm;jym;pGm&Sdv#if ajrqDv$m.
ajrqD=oZm onf ydkrdkaumif;rGefvm+yD;/ oD;ESHyifrsm;onfvnf; ydkrdkusef;rmpGm zGH@òzd;}uD; xGm;vdrfhrnf?
ykH (69) ajrqDvm$ wGi;f &Sd wDaumifrsm;
wDaumifrsm;udk tkypf o k ;kH ck cGjJ cm;Edik +f yD;/ tkypf w

k ikd ;f onf ajrqDvm$ . ajrqD=oZm wd;k wuf aumif;rGef
vmap&eftwGuf taxmuftulay;onf?
(1) ajrqDv$m tay:,H wDaumifrsm; (EPIGEIC)- TwDaumifrsm;onf ajrqDv$m. tay:,H rsufESmjyif/
O,smOf pdkufabmifay:&Sd zHk;tkyfypPnf;atmufESifh opfawm rsufESmjyifay:rsm;wGif aexdkif=uonf?
(2) ajrqDvm$ wDaumifrsm; (ENDOGEIC)- TwDaumifrsm;onf ajrqDvm$ twGi;f aexdik =f u+yD; aqG;jrnfo h nfh
ZD0 &kyyf pPn;f rS tm[m&"gwf rsm;udk &&Sad p&ef ajrqDvm$ udk pm;oH;k onf?
(3) ajrqDv$m teufydkif; wDaumifrsm; (ANECIC)- TwDaumifrsm;onf ajrqDvGm. teufydkif;wGif
aexdik f =uonf? od@k aomf nydik ;f wGif ajrqDvm$ tay:,Ho@kd wufvm+yD; vwfqwfonfh ZD0 &kyyf pPn;f
rsm;ESihf aqG;jrnfoh nfZh 0D &kyyf pPn;f wd@k ukd pm;oH;k =uonf? ‚if;wd@k onf avESihf a&twGuaf jrqDvm$ xJwiG f
Orifvdk%facgif; uav;rsm;udk zefwD;ay;&mwGif tvGef ta&;}uD;onf?
oD;ESpH u
kd yf sK;d abmifrsm;udk jyifqifvyk u f ikd &f mwGif yHrk eS t
f m;jzifh u|Eyfk w
f @kd onftay:,HEiS hf ajrqDvm$
wD aumifrsm;udak wG@&o Sd nf? u|Eyfk w
f ‹dk onf wDaumifwpfaumifr# rawG@&ySd gu ajrqDvm$ onf ajrqD=oZm
odyrf &dS acs? TajrqDvm$ udk wd;k wufaumif;rGev f map&eftwGuf tvkyt f awmfrsm;rsm;ðyvky&f ef vdt k yfvrd hf
rnf? wDaumif rsm;. t&nftwGufrsm;jym;vmap&eftwGuf ajrqDv$mxJodk@ ajraqG;/ zkH;tkyfypPnf;ESifh 5
tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm rsm; tqufrjywf jznfx h nfah y;&ef jzpfonf? tyl/ tvif;a&mif/ tvGet f rif; xGe, f uf
wl;qGjcif;ESifh "gwfwkaA' tokH;ðyjcif;rsm;tm;vkH;onf wDaumifrsm;tm; ab;tE W&m,f jzpfaponf?
wDaumifrsm;
ajr-oZm ðyvky&f eftwGuf wDaumifrsm; ar$;jrLjcif;
ae&mrsm; uef@owfxm;onfh 'kuQonf pcef; trsm;tjym;wGif tdrt f ajrmuftrsm;onf ajraqG;yHk
ðyvky&f ef od@k r[kwf O,smOfabmifrsm; ðyvky&f ef vHak vmufonfh ajrae&m r&S=d uacs?
odk@aomfvnf; tdrfajc tajrmuftrsm;onf tu,fI vHkavmufonfh aea&mifjcnf &Sdygu
jcif;awmif; rsm;jzifh pduk yf sK;d enf;udk toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf? Tjcif;a[mif;rsm;twGuf taumif;qH;k ajrqDvm$ wpfcrk mS
wDaumifacs; jzpfonf? wDaumifacs;rsm;wGif Edu k óf wd*si/f rD;pke;f / jym ESihf xk;H "gww
f @kd uJo
h @kd aom tjcm;aom
tm&"gwfrsm;jzifh tvGefºuG,f0onf? ‚if;onf ao;i,fonfh ae&mwGif xkwfvkyfEdkif+yD;/ tavtvGifh
jzpfEikd o
f nfh ouf&&dS yk yf pPn;f trsK;d tpm;rsm; tcsK@d ukd jyefvnfðyjyif toH;k ðyEdik &f ef taxmuftul ðyonf?
atmufwGif wDaumifacs; xkwfvkyf&eftwGuf enf;wpfenf;jzpfonf?
ypPn;f rsm;
(1) oef@&Sif;+yD;/ tzHk;wpfckESifh a&aumif;rGefpGm pD;qif;Edkif&eftwGuf atmufajcwGif taygufrsm;yg&Sdonfh
yH;k wpfv;kH / (u|Eyfk w
f @dk onf t0wfav#mZf vHak [mif;rsm;/ wpf0ufjzwfxm;onfh vDwm 20 0ifav;axmifh
qDy;kH od@k r[kwf tu,fI &&SEd ikd yf gu 0g;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyEf ikd o f nf?)
(2) wDaumifacs;udk pkaqmif;&eftwGuf yH;k atmufwiG x f m;&Srd nfh vifyef;od@k r[kwf tdww f tdw?f
(3) vwfqwfonfh od@k r[kwf ajcmufaoG@onfh wd&p>mefacs; - 0uf/ qdw/f =uuf/ EGm;/ od@k r[kwf u|aJ cs;
tm;vHk; wdk@onf atmif;rGefonfh Ed_ufx&dk*sif ESifh bufwD;&D;,m; wkd@.t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;jzpfonf?
(4) v$pmr_e@f / pyg;cGrH sm;/ aumuf&;kd / puULa[mif; od@k r[kwf ao;i,fatmif ydik ;f jzwfxm;onfh tdrrf ;kd zuf a[mif;
(umAGe"f gw)f
(5) aumif;rGeo f nfh tay:,HajrqDvm$ / ajraqG; tyHrk sm;/ pdu k yf sK;d abmifrsm;ay:&Szd ;kH tkyf ypPn;f atmuf od@k r[kwf
opfawmtwGi;f &Sd pkaqmif;xm;onfh wDaumifrsm;?
ðyvkyef nf;
(1) yHk;twGufat;+yD; rdk;a&ESifh wdkuf&dkuf aea&mifjcnfwdk@rS tumtuG,f ðyvkyfxm;onfh ae&mwpfckudk
&Smyg? yHk;udk=uufrsm;/ acG;rsm;ESifh odjrifvdkpdwfjyif;jywfaom uav;rsm;rS a0;&mcyfjrifhjrifh ae&mwGif
xm;&SdEdkif&ef }udK;pm;yg?
(2) wd&p>mefacs; 2-q ESihf puUL od@k r[kwf aumuf&;kd 3-q wd@k uakd &mar$+yD; yH;k xJo@kd xnfyh g? txufyikd ;f udk
xlxyfonfzh ;kH tkyyf pPn;f / puUL od@k r[kwf tdrrf ;kd zuf a[mif;tv$m(5 pifwrD w D mtxd) jzifjh znfh xnfyh g/
(3) yHk;atmufajcrS a&pufwcsKd@usvmonfhtxd a&udkjznfhxnfhyg? bufwD;&D;,m;ESifh r_drsm; pwif
}uD;xGm;vm onft h xd 3 - 5 &ufapmifq h ikd ;f yg? a&maESmxm;onfh ypPn;f rsm;udk pGwpf akd tmif xde;f xm;yg/
odk@aomf tvGef rpdkap&ef aocsmatmifðyvkyfyg?

(4) tcsdefvHkavmufpGm&&SdonfhaemufwGif wDaumifrsm;udk pkaqmif;+yD; yHk;xJodk@ jznfhxnfhyg? tpmrnfr#
axmuf yHEh ikd of nft
h ay: rlwnf+yD; wDaumifrnfr# jznfx h nf&h rnfukd qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf? txufyikd ;f wGif
xlxyfonfh zHktkyfypPnf;/ puUL odk@r[kwf acsxm;+yD; wd&p>mefacs;ESifh a&mxm;onfh tdrfrdk;zuf (5
pifwDrDwmtxd ) pGwfpdk atmifxdef;xm;yg/ odk@aomftvGefrpdkap&?
(5) ESpf&ufodk@r[kwf oHk;&uf aemufydkif;wGif wDaumifrsm;tay:xyf tv$mudk ajczsufjcif;&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;yg?
atmif jrifygu tay:xyfo@kd zH;k tkyyf pPn;f rsm;udk qufvufjznfx h nfyh g? taumif;qH;k rSm ypPn;f wrsK;d
wnf;udkom qufvufjznfhxnfh&ef jzpfonf? ao;i,fonfhyHk;xJ&Sd wDaumifrsm;onf tom;/ qD
odk@r[kwf csOfonfh opfoD;/ opfoD;cGHrsm;udk }udKufESpfoufjcif;r&Sdacs? owd&&efrSm a&maESmxm;onfh
ypPnf;rsm;. tpdk"gwfukd xdef;xm;&efjzpfonf?
(6) tcsed =f umvmonfEiS t hf nD ao;i,f+yD;/ teufa&mif&o dS nfh tpdik t
f cJ0ikd ;f 0dik ;f uav;rsm;udk yH;k atmuf
wGif xm;&Sdonfh vifyef; odk@r[kwf tdwfxJwGif pkaqmif;aeonfudk pwifawG@&Sdvdrfhrnf? ‚if;onf
wDaumif acs;jzpfonf? wDaumifacs; rsm;jym;vmygu pkaqmif;xm;yg? odk@r[kwf jcif;awmif;xJwGif
pdu
k yf sK;d xm;onfh tyifrsm;/ ok@d r[kwf tjcm;tyifrsm; wd@k twGuf ajr=oZmtjzpf toH;k ðyvdo k nfth cg
xkwf,lEdkifonf? wcgw&H wDaumifrsm;ESifh wDaumifacs; wdk@udkcGJxkwfEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfEdkif onf?
Tod@k ppf,jl cif; jzifh wDaumifacs;udk ydrk &kd &SEd ikd rf nf? od@k aomf r=umc% rðyvkyo f ifah cs/ wDaumif rsm;udk
taESmuft,Sufay; &ef a&mufvdrfhrnf?
rSwfpkrsm;
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a,bk,soH;k oyfcsuf
ZD0Ed;k ºuGypPn;f onfouf&ydS pPn;f rsm;tay: t}udK;qufrsm; oufa&mufonf? pdu k yf sK;d a&;wGif ZD0Ed;k ºuG
ypPn;f onf ajraqG;/ wd&p>mefacs;rsm; od@k r[kwf ajrqDvm$ . ZD0qdik &f m vky&f mS ;r_ukd jrifw h ifay;+yD;oD;ESyH ifrsm;
tm[m&"gwfrsm; ydkrdk&&SdEdkifatmif vkyfaqmif&mwGif taxmuftulðyonf? 5
Ttcef;wGiu f |Eyfk wf @dk onf tvGet f oH;k 0ifonfh ZD0Ed;k ºuGypPn;f trsK;d tpm; oH;k rsK;d udk ajymqdak qG;aEG;
oGm;rnf?
(1) Xmaet%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm; (IMO) (Indigenous micro-organisms)
(2) uapmfazmufxm;onft h yifazsm&f nf (FPJ) (Fermented plant Juice FPJ)
(3) uapmfazmufxm;onfo h pfo;D azsm&f nf (FFJ) (Fermented fruit Juice FFJ)
TZD0Ed;k ºuGypPn;f trsK;d tpm;oH;k rsK;d wd@k onf tm[m&"gwrf sm;&&Sad tmif aqG;jrnfjh cif;udk v#ijf refap&ef
twGuf tusKd;ðy bufwD;&D;,m;ESifh tjcm;aomt%kZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wdk@udk toHk;ðyonf? ‚if;wdk@onf
ðyvky&f ef vG,u f ol nft h jyif aps;E_e;f csKd om+yD; txl;ojzifh jcif;a[mif;rsm;jzifh pdu k yf sK;d jcif;ESihf ae&musO;f wGif
wd&p>mef a¹rG;jrL&mwGiftoHk;0ifonf?
Xmaet%kZ0D tzGŒJtpnf;rsm; IMO (erlem = 1)

ypPnf;rsm;
⋅ qef (500 *&rf)
⋅ o=um;t=urf; od@k r[kwf wifv&J nf (150 *&rf-250 *&rf)? o=um;.tav;csed o f nf xrif;rcsurf D
qeftav;csed . f oH;k yHw
k pfy&kH o
dS ifo
h nf?
⋅ &d;k &d;k pm&Gu(f owif;pmpuULr[kw)f
⋅ }udK;
⋅ yvyfpwpftcsyf od@k r[kwf tdwf
⋅ csux f m;onfh xrif;udk xnfx h m;Edik o
f nft
h ;kd
⋅ xkwv f yk +f yD; IMO t&nfukd odak vSmifxm;&ef tzH;k ygonft
h ;kd od@k r[kwf ykvif;rsm;
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) qefuckd gwikd ;f uJo
h @kd csuyf g?
(2) csu+f yD;om; xrif;udk teuf 3 pifww D m teuf txd td;k xJo@kd xnfyh g?
(3) td;k udk puUL pjzifh zH;k tkyx f m;+yD; óud;jzifh csnaf ESmifxm;yg?
(4) opfawmwGif;&Sd trd_ufo&dkuf atmuf odk@r[kwf aumif;rGefonfh ajrqDv$mwGif wGif;wpfwGif; wl;+yD;
td;k udk xnfyh g? td;k udk trdu _ of &duk Ef iS hf ajrqDvm$ rsm;jzifh 0ef;&Hxm;+yD; a&r0ifEikd &f ef yvyfpwpf tcsyf
od@k r[kwf tdwjf zifh zH;k tkyyf g?
(5) tdk;udk wd&p>mefrsm;rS taESmuft,Suf ay;r_&Sdr&Sd aocsmap&ef tdk;jr‡yfxm;onfh ae&modk@ ae@pOf
eHeufydkif;ESifh naeydkif;wdk@wGif oGm;a&mufppfaq;yg? odk@aomf yvyfpwpf tcsyfxkwfrypfygESifh?
(6) &moDOwkEiS hf ajrqDvm$ ay:rlwnf+yD;/ 3- 5 &uf aemufyikd ;f wGif td;k udx kd w
k , f yl g? tu,fI xrif;onf pd+k yD;
rdu
_ w f ufonft h jyif tcsOEf @HS tenf;i,f &Syd gu t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf; pwif}uD;xGm;vmonf?
(7) o=um; od@k r[kwf wifv&J nfukd td;k xJxnf+h yD; xrif;ESiahf umif;rGepf mG a&mar$ay;yg?

(8) td;k udk puULjzifh jyefz;kH +yD; wzefcsnaf ESmifxm;yg? ,cif wGi;f xJwiG f jyefxnfyh g? trdu _ of &ku d §f ajrqDvm$
wdk@jzifh 0ef;&Hxm;+yD; yvyfpwpf tcsyfjzifhjyefzHk;xm;yg?
(9) 6-7 &uf aemufwiG f td;k udk xkwv f u
kd +f yD; txJrS ypPn;f udk ppfaq;yg? xrif;onf yspcf |+J yD;/ tES@H jyif;onfh
t&nfjzpfoifo h nf? Tt&nfonf ouf&ZdS 0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzifh jynfu h syaf eonf?
(10) cGuf/ ZGef; odk@r[kwf uawmhudk toHk;ðy+yD;/ +yD;pD;oGm;onfh Xmaet%k ZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;. t&nf
IMO udk odak vSmifrnfh cGuo f @kd r[kwf ykvif;xJo@kd avmif;xnfyh g? tzH;k tkyx f m;+yD; at;onfah e&mESihf
aea&mifjcnfrS a0;onfh ae&mwGif odak vSmifxm;yg? T IMO t&nfukd toH;k ðy&ef tqifoifjh zpfae
onf?
IMO jzifh ajraqG;ðyvkyjf cif; (erlem = 1)

IMO t&nfudk zGEJ Ek iS hf tcsK;d 1;500 twkid ;f a&mpyfoifo
h nf? (Oyrm - IMO 1 *&rfukd zGEJ k
500 *&rf) atmufOyrmwGif zGEJ k 2³5 uDvt kd wGuf IMO 5 *&rfukd tok;H ðyxm;onf?
(1) zGEJ k 2³5 uDvu dk dk ,l+yD; oifv h ufxw J iG f abmvk;H ykpH ðH yvkyEf idk af tmif a&ESihf a&myg?
abmvk;H uav;onf ausomG ;jcif; od@k r[kwf ykpH yH sujf cif; r&Sad p&yg?
(2) IMO t&nf 5 *&rf jznfx h nf+h yD; aumif;rGepf mG arGay;yg?
(3) Ta&mpyfxm;onfh t&mukd cGufwpfckxJokd@xnfhyg? at;+yD;ajcmufaoG@onfh ae&mwGif odrf;xm;yg?
(4) 2 &ufrS 3 &ufaemufwiG f a&mpyfxm;onfh t&monf uapmf pwifayguv f mrnfjzpfonf? xdawG@
v#if ylaEG;vmrnfjzpfonf?
(5) uapmfayguv f monhf zGEJ u k , kd +l yD; 75 uDvrdk S 125 uDv&dk o dS nfh vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mefacs;ESihf
a&mpyfyg? (zGEJ t k av;csed .f 30 rS 50 qjzpfonf)
(6) aumif;onfh ajrqDvm$ 15 uDvrdk S 25 uDvdk xyfraH &myg? (wd&p>mefacs; tav;csed . f 20μ)
(7) zGEJ /k wd&p>mefacs;ESihf ajrqDvm$ wk@d ukd twlwuG a&mar$+yD;ygu/ tyku H kd aumuf±;dk ok@d r[kwf opf&u
G af jcmuf
rsm;jzifh zk;H tkyyf g? ‚if;udk yvyfpwpf tcsyjf zifh zk;H xm;jcif;jzifh tyku H kd rk;d a&rS tumtuG,af y;yg?
(8) 2 &uf/ 3 &uftwGi;f tyko H nf 40-50 'D*&Dpifw*D &Dwf txd ylvmrnfjzpf+yD;/ wzef jyefvnfat;
oGm;rnf? t+yD;owf aqG;jrnfEh idk &f ef ok;H ywfcef@ =umvdrrhf nf?
+yD;pD;oGm;onfh IMO ajraqG;ukd tjcm;aom ajraqG;trsKd;tpm;rsm;enf;wl tokH;ðyEkdifonf?
v,fajrrsm;ESifh pkdufysKd;abmifrsm;wGif wpf[ufwmv#if 10 wefElef;jzifh tokH;ðyonf?
Xmaet%kZ0D tzGŒJtpnf;rsm; IMO (erlem = 2)

ypP n f ; rsm;
⋅ 1 uDv/dk zGEJ ?k
⋅ 1 uDv/dk tay:,HajrqDvm$ ?
⋅ 1 uDv/dk o=um;?
⋅ 20 vDwm/ a&?
⋅ t0wfp?
⋅ 25 vDwmcef@ t&nfudk xnhEf idk o f nfh tzk;H ygonfh yk;H ?
⋅ xkwv f yk +f yD; IMO ukd okad vSmif&ef tzk;H ygonfh yk;H rsm; ok@d r[kwf ykvif;rsm;?

ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) zJEG Ek iS hf tay:,H ajrqDvm$ wd@k ukd tvGeaf umif;rGepf mG a&mpyfyg?
(2) o=um; vufzuf&nfZeG ;f 2 ZGe;f udk aysm0f ifomG ;onft h xd vufzuf&nfcu G f 2 cGu&f dS a&ESihf a&myg?
(3) a&mxm;onfh zGEJ Ek iS hf tay:,H ajrqDvm$ udk o=um; a& ESihf a&mar$yg? 5
(4) Ta&maESmxm;onfh t&mudk t0wfpjzifh ydw+f yD; csnx f m;yg? Tt0wfpxkyu f kd trd;k tum atmuf/
t&dyf&Sdonfh ae&mwGif csxm;+yD;/ 2 &uf=umxm;yg?
(5) ESpf&uft=umwGif usef&Sdonfh o=um;udk a& 20 vDwmESifh aysmf0ifoGm;onfhtxd yHk;wpfckxJwGif
a&mxnfhyg?
(6) t0wfxkyfudk,l+yD; To=um; a&xJodk@ ESpfxnfhyg? t0wfxkwfa&xJwGif ESpfðryfaeatmifaocsmap&ef
t0wfxkyfay:odk@ ausmufcJ wpfwHk;wifxm;yg?
(7) 3 &ufaemufyikd ;f wGif yH;k xJ&dS t&nfonf t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm;jzifh jynfu h syaf evdrrhf nf? t0wfxyk x f rJ S
use&f adS eonfh ajr}uD;udk ajraqG;yHx k o
J ‹dk jznfx
h nfEh ikd o
f nf?
(8) cGuf/ ZGef; odk@r[kwf uawmh wdk@udk toHk;ðyI/ +yD;pD;oGm;onfh IMO t&nfudk yHk;xJrS xkwf,l+yD;
odak vSmifrnfh yH;k od@k r[kwf ykvif;xJo@kd avmif;xnfyh g? tzH;k tkyx f m;+yD; ‚if;wd@k uakd t;+yD; aea&mifjcnf
rS a0;onfah e&mwGif xm;&Syd g? IMO onf ,cktoH;k ðy&ef tqifoifh jzpfaeonf?
IMO t&nf u d k toH k ; ðyjcif ; (erl e m 1 ES i f h 2 )

⋅ IMO vufzuf&nfZeG ;f wpfZeG ;f (5 rDvv D w D m) udk a& 1 vDwmESihf a&myg? tm;aysmah tmif a&a&mxm;
onfh IMO udk tyifrsm;a&m*g cHEikd &f nf&Sd &eftwGuf tyifay:zse;f ay;Edik jf cif;ESihf &Guzf se;f ajr=oZm
tjzpfvnf; toHk;ðyEdkifonf?
⋅ tm;aysmah tmif a&a&mxm;onfh IMO udk tESH@touf avsmhcs&ef twGuf wd&p>mef+cH tcif;rsm;
ay:odk@ yufzsef;Edkifonfhtjyif tzdk;wefonfh ajraqG; t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;udkvnf; ðyvkyfEdkifonf?
⋅ t%kZ0D tZG@J tpnf;rsm;. v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ESihf ajrqDvm$ . ajrqD=oZm ponfw@kd ukd jr‡iw hf ifay;Edik &f ef
twGuf tm;aysmah tmif a&a&mxm;onfh IMO ukd O,smOf pdu k af bmifrsm;ay:wGi‚f if;/ zH;k tkyyf pPn;f
rsm;tay:wGif ‚if;/ jcif;awmif;jzifh pdu
k yf sK;d onfh tyifrsm; ay:ESihf pdu
k yf sK;d a&;+cH&dS tyifrsm;ywfywfvnf
wdk@wGif wdkuf&dkufyufzsef;yg?
uapmfazgufxm;onfh tyifazsmf&nf FPJ (erlem = 1)

ypP n f ; rsm;
⋅ 3 uDv-kd vwfqwfonfh tyifrsm;. yifpnfrsm;ESihf t&Gurf sm; (iSuaf ysm/ yJ/ a*:zDxw k /f ocGm;/ 'ef@ovGe/f
jrufrsm;/ abmpudik ;f / uefpeG ;f / r_n
H if;/ uefpeG ;f O/ refusn;f / tp&So
d nfw@kd jzpfonf?) Ttyifrsm;r&&Syd gu
tjcm; tyiftrsK;d tpm;rsm;udk toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? od@k aomf vwfqwf+yD; vG,u f pl mG jzwfawmufEikd &f rnf?
⋅ 1 uDvkd - o=um; od@k r[kwf wifv&J nf
⋅ tyifypPn;f rsm;ESihf o=um;udk xnfx h m;Edik &f ef vHak vmufonfh t&G,&f o
dS nfyh ;kH
⋅ xkwfvkyf+yD; FPJ t&nfudk odkavSmifxm;&ef tzHk;ygonfh yHk;rsm;ESifh ykvif;rsm;
⋅ a& 2 vDwm udk xnfx h m;Edik o
f nfh }uH@cikd af om yvyfpwpftw d f
⋅ ±kd;±kd;pm&Guf (owif;pmpuULr[kwf)
⋅ óud;
ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) tm&HkrwufrD odk@r[kwf reufapmapm tyifrsm;udk pkaqmif;yg? ‚if;wdk@udk a&raq;ygESifh?
(2) tyifrsm;udk ao;i,fonfh tydik ;f tpuav;rsm;jzpfatmif ckwjf zwfyg? ydrk akd o;i,fv#iyf rkd akd umif;rGeo f nf?
(3) tyif. ypPn;f udk o=um;ESihf ES@H pyfatmif a&mar$yg? ypPn;f wdik ;f aumif;rGepf mG a&maESmoGm;ap&eftwGuf
vufjzifh ES,fv#iftaumif;qHk;jzpfonf?
(4) a&maESmxm;onfh ypPnf;rsm;udk yHk;xJodk@ xnfhyg? ypPnf;rsm;ay:wGifa&jzifh jznfhxm;onfh yvyfpwpf
tdwu f kd wifxm;yg? Tod@k jzifh ypPn;f rsm;udk zdxm;+yD; avudk wGe;f xkwv f ukd o f nf? ‚if;onf npfnrf;r_ukd
a&Smif&Sm; &mwGif taxmuftulðyvdrfhrnf?
(5) yH;k ud&k ;kd &d;k puULjzifh zH;k tkyx
f m;+yD; óud;jzifh csnx f m;yg? at;+yD;arSmifonfh ae&mwGif wpfnwm odr;f xm;yg?
(6) aemufwreufwiG af &jzifh jznfx h m;onfh yvyfpwpf tdwu f kd z,f&mS ;yg? yH;k udk ,cifae&mwGif aemufxyf
5 &ufrS 7 &uf txdord ;f xm;yg? a&maESmxm;onfh FPJ ypPn;f rsm; uaZmfayguv f monfEiS hf tnD/
tyif ypPnf;rsm;onf tpdrf;a&mifrS t0ga&mifodk@/ t0ga&mifrS t!dka&mifodk@ ajymif;oGm;rnfjzpf+yD;/
t&nfonf tcsKdeH@ xGufay:vmrnfjzpf+yD;/ t&ufESiftenf;i,f wlaevdrfhrnf?
(7) 0g; od@k r[kwf yvyfpwpf a&ppf/ od@k r[kwf t0wfp wd@k ukd toH;k ðy+yD; t&nfukd odak vSmify;kH xJavmif;xnfyh g?
tyif. tºuGi;f tuserf sm;udk r!‡px f w k yf gEiS /hf od@k aomf ‚if;udzk ,f&mS ;+yD; zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf od@k r[kwf
ajraqG;ðyvky&f mwGif toH;k ðyyg?
FPJ t&nfukd toH;k ðyjcif; (erlem = 1)

⋅ taumif;qk;H tm;aysmah tmif a&a&mxm;onfh FPJ erlem - 1 onf FPJ vufzuf&nfZeG ;f wpf0ufEiS hf
a& wpfvDwm a&mxm;onfh t&nfjzpfonf? Tt&nfudk tyifrsm;. tpdwftydkif;rsm;tm;vHk;ESifh
‚if;wd@k . ywfywfvnf&dS tay:,HajrqDvm$ ay:od@k yufzse;f toH;k ðyEdik o f nf? FPJ udx k ;kH pHt& wpfywfwcg
yufzse;f toH;k ðyonf? tu,fI zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm; od@k r[kwf a&m*grsm;onf oD;ESyH ifrsm;udk
wdkufcdkufzsuf qD;aepOf/ tyifrsm;ta&;}uD;onfh }uD;xGm;r_tqifh rpwifrD/ odk@r[kwf tu,fI
rd;k oD;xefpmG &GmoGe;f v#if FPJ udk r=umc% yufzse;f toH;k ðyEdik o f nf?
⋅ T FPJ t&nfukd teH@touf avsmch s&eftwGuf wd&p>mef+cHtcif;rsm;ay:od@k yufzse;f ay;Edik o f nfth jyif
tzd;k wefonfh ajraqG;t&if; tjr‡prf sm;udv k nf; ðyvkyEf ikd o
f nf? tlord t
f rl wav#muftpm acszsurf . _
xda&mufjcif;udk jrifw
h ifay;Edik &f ef remruse;f jzpfaponfh wd&p>mefrsm;tm; wdu k af u|;Edik o
f nf? (tcsK@d aom
v,form;rsm;onf txufyg ta=umif;a=umifh FPJ udk a& 4 qESihf a&m+yD; aomufo;kH onf?
uaZmfazgufxm;onfh tyifazsmf&nf FPJ (erlem = 2)

ypPnf;rsm;
⋅ 2 uDvdk - uefpGef;&Gufrsm;ESifh yifpnfrsm;?
⋅ 2 uDvkd - 0g;jr‡prf sm; od@k r[kwf t&Gupf rd ;f rsm;?
⋅ 2 uDvkd - iSuaf ysmtl?
⋅ 3 uDvkd - o=um; od@k r[kwf wifv&J nf?
⋅ tyif ypPnf;rsm;ESifh o=um;rsm;udk xnfh&ef tzHk;yg+yD; vHkavmufonfh t&G,f&Sdonfh yHk;?
⋅ xkwv f yk +f yD; FPJ udk odak vSmifxm;&ef tzH;k ygonfh yH;k rsm; od@k r[kwf ykvifrsm;?

ðyvk y f e nf ;
(1) tm&Hrk wufrD od@k r[kwf eHeuf apgapg tyifrsm;udk pkaqmif;yg? ‚if;wd@k ukd a&raq;ygEiS ?hf 3- pifwrD w D m
t&Sncf ef@&dS atmif tyifypPn;f tm;vH;k udk ckwjf zwfyg?
(2) jzwfxm;onfh ypPn;f rsm;tm; yH;k xJo@kd xnf+h yD;/ o=um; 2 uDvkd ESihf a&mar$yg? tyifypPn;f rsm; ausysujf cif; 5
od@k r[kwf ysupf ;D jcif;rsm; rjzpfap&ef t&yfwbuf wnf;udo k m ar$ay;yg? (b,frS nmod@k )
(3) usef&Sdonfh o=um; 1 uDvdkudk a&mar$xm;onfh ypPnf;rsm;tay:odk@ nDnmpGmjzef@xm;yg? rar$ygESifh?
(4) tzHk;udk ydwf+yD; at;+yD;/ trdk;tum&Sdonfh ae&mwGif xm;yg? 10 &uftwGif; tzHk;udk rzGifhrdatmif
óud;pm;yg?
(5) 10 &uf ausmv f eG +f yD;aemuf tzH;k udk zGi+hf yD; teH@ukd prf;oyf=unfyh g? teH@aysmyh gu tzH;k jyefyw d +f yD; yH;k udk
aemufxyf&uf tenf;i,f =umxm;yg? tu,fI a&mar$xm;onfh ypPnf;onf teH@qdk; odk@r[kwf
ykyo f ;kd onfh teH@&ydS gu o=um;udk vufwpfqyk f od@k r[kwf ESpq f yk x
f yf jznfx h nfyh g?
(6 ) &moDOwkay:rlwnf+yD;/ aemuf5 &ufrS 15 &ufwiG f yH;k udk xyfrpH rf;oyfyg? a&mxm;onfh ypPn;f rsm;onf
t&ufe‹H tenf;i,f xGuv f mrnfjzpf+yD; tok;H ðy&ef tqifoifh jzpfonf?
(7) 0g;/ yvyfpwpf a&ppf od@k r[kwf t0wfpudk toH;k ðy+yD; t&nfukd odak vSmifrnfh yH;k xJo@kd avmif;xnfyh g?
tyif. tºuGi;f tuserf sm;udk rn‡px f w k yf gEiS /hf od@k aomf ‚if;udk z,f&mS ;+yD; zH;k tkyyf pPn;f tjzpf od@k r[kwf
ajraqG;ðyvky&f mwGif toH;k ðyyg?
FPJ t&nfukd toH;k ðyjcif; (erlem = 2)

⋅ FPJ t&nfvzuf&nf ZGe;f 2 ZGe;f udk a& 10 vDwmESihf a&myg? Tt&nfukd tyifrsm; ywfvnf&dS ajrqDvm$
od@k r[kwf tyifay: wdu
k &f u f nf? FPJ erlem- 2 onf r_n
kd f yufzse;f toH;k ðyEdik o H if;/ uefpeG ;f &GuEf iS hf udu
k v
f H
uJo
h @kd aom &Gupf m; tyifrsm; twGuf tvGeaf umif;rGeo
f nf?
rSwfcsuf - tyifrsm;twGuf txda&mufqHk; FPJ onf ‚if;tyif. yifpnf§t&Gufrsm;udk toHk;ðy+yD;

ðyvkyx f m;onf? tu,fI FPJ onf tyifwpfc. k trsK;d tpm;rS ðyvkyv
f #if xdt
k yiftwGuf
kd ad &mufonf? Oyrm - FPJ udk ocGm;. tzl; od@k r[kwf EkE,
ydrk x S o
f nfh toD;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyv
f #if
ocGm;rsm; &ifrh n S vhf monfh tcg toD;. taetxm;ESihf }uD;xGm;r_ukd taxmuftulðyay;Edik +f yD;/
a&m*gEiS hf yd;k r$m;rsm;. wdu
k cf u
kd rf _ rSóudwifumuG,jf cif;tm; tultnD ay;onf?
uapmfazgufxm;onfh opfo;D azsmf&nf FFJ (erlem = 1)

ypPnf;rsm;
⋅ iSufaysm/ ozef;oD;/ o&uf/ oabFm ponfh csKd+yD; &ifhrSnfhonfh toD;rsm;/ oHyk&m odk‹r[kwf vdarRmf
wd@k uJo h @kd aom tcsO"f gwf ygonfh toD;rsm;onf odyt f oH;k r0ifacs?
⋅ opfo;D rsm;ESihf tav;csed f wlonfh o=um; od@k r[kwf wifv&J nf/
⋅ tyifypPnf;rsm;ESifh o=um;wdk@udk xnfhxm;&ef tzHk;yg+yD; vHkavmufonfh t&G,f&SdonfhyHk;?
⋅ xkwv f yk +f yD; FFJ udk odak vSmif xm;&ef tzH;k ygonfh yH;k rsm; od@k r[kwf ykvif;rsm;

ðyvk y f e nf ;
FFJ (erlem-1) udk xkwv
f yk &f mwGif FPJ (erlem-1) udk xkwv
f yk o
f uJo
h @kd xkwv
f yk x
f m;Edik o
f nf?
uapmfaazgufxm;onfh opfo;D azsmf&nf FFJ (erlem = 2)

ypPnf;rsm;
⋅ 2 uDvkd - a&$z±kH trSnhf (&if)h
⋅ 2 uDvkd - oabFmoDrn S hf (&if)h
⋅ 2 uDvkd - iSuaf ysmoD;rSnhf
⋅ 3 uDvkd - o=um;
ðyvk y f e nf ;
FFJ (erlem -2) udk xkwv
f yk &f mwGif FPJ (erlem - 2) udx
k w
k v
f yk f ouJo
h @kd xkwv
f yk o
f mG ; Edik o
f nf?
FFJ t&nfrsm;tm; toH;k ðyjcif;

⋅ tm;aysmah tmif FFJ vufzuf&nf 1 ZGe;f udk a& 1 vDwmESiahf &myg? tm[m&"gwf &&SEd ikd rf u
_ kd jr‡iw
hf ifay;
Edkif&ef twGuf Tt&nfudk pdkufysKd;abmifrsm;ESifh v,f,m ajrrsm;ay:wGif yufzsef;toHk; ðyEdkifonf?
⋅ teH@touf ESifh tE W&,f ðyEdkifonfh bufwD;&D;,m;wdk@. yrm%udk av#mhcs&eftwGuf Tt&nfudk
wd&p>mef tcif;rsm; ay:odk@yufzsef;toHk;ðyEdkifonf?
⋅ v,form; trsm;tjym;onf FFJ t&nfvzuf&nf ESpZf eG ;f §oH;k ZGeu f kd a&wpfcu
G Ef iS hf a&m+yD;aomuf
v#if usef;rmonf [k,Hk=unf=uonf?
rSwfcsufrsm;
⋅ &ifhrSnfhonfh a&Gz&Hk/ obFm/ iSufaysmESifho=um;§wifvJ&nfwdk@jzifh ðyvkyfxm;onfh FFJ t&nfonf
toD;oD;onfh tyifESifh tyGifhyGifhonfh tyifrsm;twGuf tvGefxda&mufonf?
⋅ FPJ ESihf FFJ wd@k ukd twlwuG a&mpyf toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf? tm;aysmah tmif a&a&m+yD; uJjG ym;jcm;em;aom
oD;ESHrsm;twGuf omrmef toHk;ðyouJhodk‹ yufzsef;toHk;ðyEdkifonf?
⋅ &Gupf g; oD;ESyH ifrsm;twGuf - 10 FPJ: 1 FFJ
⋅ yGio
hf nfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;twGuf - 5 FPJ: 5 FFJ
⋅ toD;§Oonfh oD;ESyH ifrsm; twGuf - 1 FPJ: 10 FFJ

zsufqD;wwfaom yk;d r$m;rsm;tm; obm0tav#muf ukid fwG,faqmif&Gufjcif;
a,bk,soH;k csuf
zsufqD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;onf u|Ekfyfwdk@. oD;ESHrsm;udk ysufpD;atmifðyvkyfonfh ouf&Sd tzGJ@
tpnf;rsm;jzpfonf? t&Gufrsm;udk udkufpm;onfh claumifrsm;/ tjrpfrsm;udk udkufpm;onfh ydk;aumifrsm; /
taphrsm;udk pm;oH;k ojzifh &Sio f efaponfh rdr_ sm;ESihf bufw;D &D;,m; tm;vH;k wk@d onf zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;. 5
Oyrmrsm;jzpfonf? od@k aomf zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;onf u|eyf w f @kd ywf0ef;usi. f tpdwt f ydik ;f wckjzpf+yD;/
zsufqD;wwfaomyk;d r$m;rsm;tm; obm0tav#muf ukid fwG,faqmif&Gufjcif;

obm0wGif ae&mwkid ;f Y wnf&adS eonf? tu,fI u|eyf w f @kd onf u|eyf w f @kd . pdu k yf sK;d a&;+cHEiS hf O,smOf+cHrsm;
wGif [efcsun f oD nfh ouf&dS 0ef;usif qufpyfrp_ epfukd xde;f odr;f xm;Edik yf gu zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k rsm;onf
jy\em r[kwaf cs? od@k aomf jim;vnf; tu,fI u|eyf w f @kd onf T [efcsun f rD u_ kd rxde;f odr;f xm;Edik o f nfh
tcgEiS hf qd;k 0g;onfh yd;k r$m;rsm;onf aumif;onfh yd;k r$m;rsm; xuf ydI k &Sad eygu/ od@k r[kwf tu,fI rdr_ sm;onf
tyiftajrmuftrsm; ay:odk@ ysHŒeH@oGm;ygu ‚if;wdk@onf u|efyfwdk@. oD;ESHyifrsm;udk rzsufqD;Edkif&ef
TzsufpD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;udk xdef;csKyf&ef vdktyfvsuf&Sd onf?
zsufpD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;udk xdef;csKyf&ef taumif;qHk; enf;vrf;rSm [efcsufnDonfh ouf&Sd
0ef;usif qufpyfrp_ epfukd xde;f &eftwGuf obm0tm; yHw k u l ;l cs&ef jzpfonf? u|eyf w f @kd onf Xmae rsK;d aph
trsKd; rsm;udkom toHk;ðy&ef óud;yrf;oifhonf? u|efyfwdk@. oD;ESHyifrsm;udk oD;n‡yfESifh tvSnhfus pdkufysKd;
enf;wdk@jzifh pdkufysKd;jcif;/ zsufpD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;. obm0 &efolrsm; jzpfonfh zg;rsm;/ iSufrsm;/
eusnfaumifrsm;ESifhyifhulrsm; ponfwdk@ yGm;rsm;vmap&ef tm;ay;oifhonf? u|efyfwdk@onf oD;ESH
wpfrsK;d wnf;udo k m pdu k yf sK;d jcif;/ ðyvkyzf efw;D xm;aom "gwak A' ypPn;f rsm;udk toH;k ðyjcif;ESihf ajrqDvmG udk
zsufqD;jcif; ponfhvkyf&yfrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;oifhonf?
wpfpHkwpf&maom tajctaersm;wGif zsufpD;wwfonfh ydk;onf jy\em wpfcktjzpf wnf&SdEdkif
ao;onf? tu,fI zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;onf u|eyf w f @kd . }uD;rm;onfh obm0 yd;k owfaq; rsm;udk
toHk;ðy&ef a&$;cs,fp&m &Sdvmonf? obm0 ydkowfaq;rsm;rSm obm0wGif &Sdaom tjcm;aom ouf&Sd
tzG@J tpnf;rsm;onf ‚if;wd@k ud, k uf kd zsupf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;rS umuG,&f ef toH;k ðyonfh t&mrsm;jzpf
onf? Ttcef;wGif u|efyfwdk@onf obm0 ydk;owfaq; trsKd;rsKd;wdk@udk rnfuJhodk@ ðyvkyfyHk ESifh rnfuJhodk@
toHk;ðyyHkwdk@udk o&kyfaz: a&;om;xm;onf? obm0 ydk;owfaq; trsm;tjym;onf aps;uGufwGif
0,f,El ikd o
f nfh zefw;D xm;onfh "gwak A' yd;k owfaq; rsm;xuf a,bk,stm;jzifh ydI k pdwcf s&onf? od@k aomf
u|efyfwdk@ taejzifh rSwfom;xm;oifhonf rSm ydk;owfaq; tm;vHk;enf;yg;onf tqdyf&Sdojzifh owdESifh
toHk;ðyoifhonf? u|efyfwdk@ vkdufem&rnfh pnf;urf;csufrsm; (5) ck &Sdonf?
(1) yd;k owfaq;rsm;udk u|eyf w f @kd toH;k ðy&ef rvdt

k yfrcsi;f toH;k rðy oifyh g?
(2) uav;i,frsm; teD;tem;wGif yd;k owfaq;rsm;udk ðyvkyjf cif;/ toH;k ðyjcif;rsm; rðyvkyo f ifyh g?
(3) yd;k owfaq;rsm; u|Eyfk w f @kd . t0wftpm;rsm;ESihf ta&jym;ay: ra&muf&adS p&ef óud;yrf; vkyf aqmif
oifo h nf?
(4) obm0 yd;k wwfaq;rsm;udk ðyvky+f yD;pD;oGm;+yD;onfah emuf od@k r[kwf tok;H ðy +yD;onfh aemufwiG f
u|Eyfk wf @kd . t0wftpm;rsm;ESihf toH;k taqmif ypPn;f rsm;udk oef@&iS ;f atmif aq;ausmoifo h nf?
TtoHk;taqmifypPnf;jzifh tpm;tpmrsm;udk csufðywf toHk;ðyjcif; rðyvkyfoifhyg?
(5) u|Eyfk w
f @kd taejzifh rnfonfh opfo;D od@k r[kwf [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;udrk qdk rpm;oH;k rD aq; ausmjcif;/
oef@pifjcif; tp&So d nfw@u kd kd aocsmatmif tpOfojzifh ðyvkyo f ifo
h nf?

qyf j ymazsmf & nf
OD;wnfErdS Ef iS ;f onfh yk;d r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd rsm;ESihf o&du
k f (thrip) ac: yd;k r$m;rsm;
yg0ifonft
h &mrsm; ⋅ 20 *&rf - qyfjymwH;k rsm;
⋅ 5 vDwm- a&
ðyvkyef nf; ⋅ qyfjymESihf a&wd@kd ukd twlwuG ES@H pyfatmif a&mpyfyg?
tok;H ðyjcif; ⋅ azsmf&nfudk a&m*gus a&mufonfh ae&mw0dkufay:odk@ eHeuf ydkif;

od k @ r[k w f naeyd k i f ; wG i f cyf q wf q wf cgcsjcif ; od k @ r[k w f
yufzse;f jcif;rsm; ðyvkyyf g?
rSwcf suf ⋅ Tqyfjym azsmf&nfudk obm0 ydk;owfaq; trsKd;tpm; t

rsm;tjym;wGif toH;k ðyonf? Ttcef;wGif yg0ifonfh tjcm;aom
rnf o nf h azsmf & nf r sm;ud k r qd k vuf a wG @ prf ; oyf toH k ; rðyrD
Tazsmf&nfudk ðyvkyftoHk;ðyv#if aumif;aom t}uHtpnfwpfck
jzpfonf?
⋅ Tazsm&f nf tvGejf yif;rjyif; aocsmatmif ðyvky&f eftwGuf ‚if;udk
ao;i,fonfh tyif. wpfpw d w f pfa'o ay:od@k prf;oyf yufzse;f yg?
qyfjym š a&eHqD
OD;wnfErdS Ef iS ;f onfh yk;d r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd rsm;/ EGm;acs;yd;k tcsKŒd / &$ux
f ;kd yd;k ESihf tcsKŒd aom pky,
f l pm;oH;k wwf
onfh ydkr$m;rsm;?
yg0ifonft
h &mrsm; ⋅ 500 *&rf - qyfjym
⋅ 8 vDwm - a&eHqD
⋅ 4 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyef nf; ⋅ qyfjymESihf a&aEG;wd@k ukd twlwuG ES@H pyfatmif a&mpyfyg?

⋅ a&eHqu D kd a&mxnf+h yD; azsm&f nfukd El;nHo h nfh tjzLa&mif xGuv f m+yD;
tay:,H rsuEf mS jyifwiG f rnfonfq h rD S r&So
d nfh txd 5 rdepf ar$yg?
⋅ azsm&f nfukd zH;k tky+f yD; at;oGm;onft h xd xm;yg? ysm;&nf od@k r[kwf
ausmufausmuJodk@ yspfc|Jvmoifhonf?
⋅ toH;k rðyrD tm;azsmv h map&ef azsm&f nfukd a& - 15 q ESihf a&myg?
tok;H ðyjcif; ⋅ tm;azsmah tmif a&ESihf a&m+yD;ygu Tazsm&f nfukd tyifrsm; ay:od@k
eHeufyikd ;f od@k r[kwf naeydik ;f wGif cyfqwfqwf cgcs jcif; od@k r[kwf
yufzse;f jcif;rsm; ðyvkyEf ikd f onf?
opfom;jym
OD;wnfErdS Ef iS ;f onfh yk;d r$m;rsm; ⋅ &Gux
f ;kd yd;k
yg0ifonft
h &mrsm; ⋅ rD;zdrk S jym od@k r[kwf 5
⋅ aumuf&;dk od@k r[kwf ajymif;zl;tlwikd rf S jym

ðyvkyef nf; ⋅ jymudk tr_e@f od@k r[kwf a&ESihf a&m+yD;toH;k ðyyg?
tok;H ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufydkif; odk@r[kwf naeydkif;wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef; jcif;rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwcf suf ⋅ rd;k &Gm+y;D cJah omf od@k r[kwf a&tvGet

f u|aH vmif;cJah omf xyfrt
H oH;k ðy&ef
vdt k yfayvdrrhf nf?
opfom;jym š xk;H
OD;wnfErdS Ef iS ;f onfh yk;d r$m;rsm; ⋅ tEG,af y:wGif toD;oD;onfh tyifrsm;. zsuyf ;kd jzpfaom yd;k
avmufaumifrsm;ESihf ocGg; wif;ykwyf ;kd
1
yg0ifonft
h &mrsm; ⋅ cGuf opfom;jym (50) *&rf
2
1
⋅ cGuf xH;k (50) *&rf
2
⋅ 4 vDwm a&
ðyvkyef nf; ⋅ yg0ifonfh t&mrsm;tm;vH;k udk twlwuG ES@H pyfatmif a&m ar$yg?
⋅ tzH;k tkyx
f m;+yD; wpfem&D=um xm;yg?
⋅ t0wfpjzifh odak vSmifrnfh yH;k wpfck od@k r[kwf yufzse;f rnfh yH;k
wpfck xJo@kd ppf,xl m;yg?
tok;H ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufyikd ;f od@k r[kwf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&mw0du

k f
ay:od@k cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; od@k r[kwf yufzse;f jcif;rsm; ðyvkyyf g?
⋅ tke;f oD;. tcGH od@k r[kwf tumjzifh ðyvkyx

f m;onfh jymudk toH;k rðy
rSwcf suf ygEiS /hf tb,fa=umifh qdak omf Tjymonf t&Guf rsm;udk tE &W m,f
ðyEdkifonf?

opfom;jym š a&eHqD
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ pkwpf m;onfh yd;k rsm;;jzpfonfh ysy;kd rsm;/ ,ifaumifprd ;f rsm;ESihf pyg;ESH
zsuyf ;kd rsm;?
⋅ Tenf;onf óudwifumuG,f&eftwGufom jzpfonf? tyifrsm;
tvGef tu|H a&m*g usa&mufygu xda&mufr_ &Sv d rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 uDvkd *&rf opfom;jym

⋅ 6 vBu&f nf ZGe;f &Sd a&eHqD (30 rDvv
D w
D m)
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ yg0ifonfh t&mrsm;tm;vH;k udk twlwuG ES@H pyfatmif a&m ar$yg?

⋅ tzH;k tkyx
f m;+yD; wpfem&D=um xm;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeeH ufapmapm wpfywfv#if ESp}f udrjf zifh tyifrsm;ay:ok‹d tr_e‹f jzL;
ay;yg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ tke;f oD;. tcGH od@k r[kwf tumjzifh ðyvkyxf m;onfh jymukd toH;k
rðyygEiS /hf tb,fa=umifh qdak omf Tjymonf t&Guf rsm;udk tE &W m,f
ðyEdik o
f nf?
opfom;jym š Ekd@csOf
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ rda_ &m*grsm;jzpfonfh zg;OpGjJ cif;ESihf acs;t!dak &mifwufjcif;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 pm;yGw
J ifZeG ;f - opfom;jym (10 rDvv D wD m)
⋅ 1 vBu&f nfcuG f - Ed@k csOf (200 rDvv
D w
D m)
⋅ 1 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ opfom;jymESihf a&wd@k ukd ES@H pyfatmif a&marGyg?

⋅ tzk;H tkyx f m;+yD; (12) em&D=umxm;yg?
⋅ oD;oef@y;Hk wpfcx k oJ @kd ppf,x
l m;yg?
⋅ Ed@k csOEf iS hf a&mar$yg?
⋅ toH;k rðyrD Tazsm&f nfukd tm;azsmah tmif a& 3 - vDwm jzifh a&mpyf
yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufapmapmESifh naeydkif;wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&mw0dkuf

ay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfyg?

rSwfcsuf ⋅ Tazsm&f nfonf odyjf yif;vGe;f ygu tyif. t&Gurf sm;udk ysupf ;D ap
Edkifonf? yxr OD;qHk; tuGufi,fuav;ay:wGif tpOfojzifh
prf;oyfyg? 24 em&D =umatmif xm;+yD; prf;oyf yg? tu,fI
tyifonf !dk;EGrf; vmjcif; odk@r[kwf avmif u|rf;jcif; ponfh 5
vuQ%mrsm; awG@&Sdygu tm;azsmhatmif ydkrdkrsm;jym;onfh a&ESifh
xyfrHa&mpyfyg?

i±kyfoD;
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ yk&Gufqdwfrsm;/ ysydk;rsm;/ claumifrsm;/ a*gzDydk;aumif/ pyg;ydk;/ ocGg;

Adik ;f &yfy;kd / aq;&Gu}f uD; Adik ;f &yfy;kd / wif;ykwyf ;kd trsK;d t pm; tcsK@d EiS hf
ukeaf vSmif&kH zsuyf ;kd rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 12 awmifch ef@ - i&kwo

f ;D ajcmuf (100 *&rf)
⋅ 1 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ i&kwo f ;D rsm;udk a=unufatmif axmif;yg?

⋅ a&ESihf ES@H pyfatmif a&ar$yg?
⋅ tzH;k tkyx f m;+yD; 24 em&D=um xm;yg?
⋅ oD;jcm;yH;k wpfcx k oJ @kd ppf,x
l m;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eH e uf a pmapmES i f h naeyd k i f ; wG i f a&m*gusa&muf o nf h ae&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif; rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ Tazsmf&nfonf tu,fI rsufvHk;xJodk@ 0ifa&muf oGm; rdygu

tvG e f e musif E d k i f o nf ? a&mpyf o nf h tcgwG i f vnf ; aumif ; /
oD;ESHrsm;ay:odk@ yufzsef;toHk;ðyonfh tcgwGif vnf;aumif;/
*&kwpdu k &f &dS rnf? toH;k ðy+yD;onfh aemuf vufrsm;udk tpOfojzifh
aq;ausmyg?
⋅ Tazsmf & nf o nf od y f j yif ; vG e f ; ygu tyif . t&G u f r sm;ud k
ysupf ;D apEdik o f nf? yxr OD;qH;k tuGuif ,fuav;ay:wGif tpOfojzifh
prf;oyfyg? 24 em&D =umatmif xm;+yD; prf;oyf yg? tu,fI
tyifonf !dk;EGrf;vmjcif; odk@r[kwf avmif u|rf;jcif; ponfh
vuQ%mrsm; awG@&ydS gu tm;azsmh atmif ydrk rkd sm;jym;onfh a&ESihf
xyfraH &mpyfyg?

i±kyo
f ;D š qyfjym
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ yk&u G q
f w d rf sm;/ ysy;kd rsm;/ claumifrsm;/ a*gzyD ;kd aumif/ pyg;yd;k / ocGg;
Adkif;&yfydk;/ aq;&Guf}uD; Adkif;&yfydk;/ wif;ykwfydk; trsKd;tpm; tcsKd@ESifh
ukeaf vSmif&kH zsuyf ;kd rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 12 awmifch ef@ - i&kwo

f ;D ajcmuf (100 *&rf)
⋅ 1 vDwm - a&
⋅ 5 vDwm - qyfjymazsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwmxJo@kd qyfjymwH;k 100
*&rf a&mazsmx f m;onf?
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ i&kwo f ;D rsm;udk a=unufatmif axmif;yg?

⋅ a&ESihf ES@H pyfatmif a&ar$yg?
⋅ oD;jcm;yH;k wpfcx k oJ @kd ppf,x
l m;yg?
⋅ qyfjymazsm&f nf 5 vDwmESihf a&mar$yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eH e uf a pmapmES i f h naeyd k i f ; wG i f a&m*gusa&muf o nf h

ae&mw0du k af y:od@k cyfqwfqwfcgcsjcif; od@k r[kwf yufzse;f jcif;rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ Tazsmf&nfonf tu,fI rsufvHk;xJodk@ 0ifa&mufoGm;rdygu

oD;ESrH sm;ay:od@k yufzse;f toH;k ðyonfh tcgwiG v
f nf;aumif;/ *&kwpdu k f
&S&d rnf? toH;k ðy+yD;onfah emuf vufrsm;udk tpOfojzifh aq;ausmyg?
ysupf ;D apEdik o
f nf? yxr OD;qH;k tuGuif ,f uav;ay:wGif tpOfojzifh
prf;oyfyg? 24 em&D =umatmif xm;+y;D prf;oyfyg? tu,fI tyifonf
!dk;EGrf;vmjcif; odk@r[kwf avmifu|rf;jcif;ponfh vuQ%mrsm;
awG@&ydS gu tm;azsmah tmif ydrk rkd sm;jym; onfah &ESihf xyfraH &mpyfyg?

i±kyo
f ;D š =uufoeG jf zL
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ t&Gupf m;onfh yd;k r$m;trsK;d tpm; tajrmuftrsm;
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 6 awmifch ef@ - i&kwof ;D ajcmuf (50 *&rf) 5

⋅ 1 qkyf - =uufoeG jf zL (50 *&rf)

⋅ 1 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ i&kwo f ;D rsm;ESihf =uufoeG jf zLwd@k ukd yg;yg;vD;S jzwfxm;yg?

⋅ yg0ifonfh t&mtm;vH;k udk ES@H pyfatmif a&mar$yg?
⋅ odak vSmifxm;rnfh yH;k od@k r[kwf yufzse;f rnfh yH;k wpfcx k o
J @kd ppf,x
l m;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufapmapmESihf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&mw0du k af y:

odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfyg?

oD ; ES H r sm;ay:od k @ yuf z sef ; toH k ; ðyonf h t cgwG i f v nf ; aumif ; /
*&kwpdu k &f &dS rnf? toH;k ðy+yD;onfah emuf vufrsm;udk tpOfojzifh
aq;ausmyg?
ysupf ;D apEdik o f nf? yxr OD;qH;k tuGuif ,f uav;ay:wGif tpOfojzifh
prf;oyfyg? 24 em&D =umatmif xm;+yD; prf;oyfyg? tu,fI
tyifonf !dk; EGrf;vmjcif; odk@r[kwf avmifu|rf;jcif;ponfh
vuQ%mrsm; awG@&Sdygu tm;azsmhatmif ydkrdkrsm;jym; onfha&ESifh
xyfraH &mpyfyg?

i&kwo
f ;D š =uufoeG jf zL§eD
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd rsm;ESihf tjcm;aom t&Gupf m; yd;k r$m; trsK;d tpm;rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 50 *&rf - i&kwo

f ;D ajcmuf
⋅ 50 *&rf - =uufoeG jf zL
⋅ 50 *&rf - =uufoeG ef D (teD od@k r[kwf tjzL)
⋅ 1 vDwm - qyfjym azsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwm xJo@kd qyfjymwH;k 100
*&rf a&mazsmx
f m;onf)
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ i&kwo f ;D rsm;/ =uufoeG jf zLESihf =uufoeG ef D wd@k ukd yg;yg;vS;D jcif;/ od@k r[kwf
a=unufatmif axmif;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyyf g?
⋅ a&ESihf ES‹H pyfatmifa&myg?
⋅ tzk;H tkyx f m;+yD; 24 em&D=um xm;yg?
⋅ okad vSmifxm;rnfh yk;H ok‹d r[kwf yufzse;f rnfh yk;H wpfcx k oJ ‹kd ppf,x l m;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufapmapmESihf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&m w0du k f

ay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif;rsm; ðyvkyfyg?

tvG e f e musif E d k i f o nf ? a&mpyf o nf h tcgwG i f v nf ; aumif ; /
oD;ESHrsm;ay:odk@ yufzsef;toHk;ðyonfh tcgwGif vnf;aumif;/
*&kwpdkuf&Sd&rnf? toHk;ðy+yD;onfhaemuf vufrsm;udk tpOfojzifh
aq;ausmyg?
=uufoeG jf zL š qyfjym š wGi;f xGuq

f D
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysydk;rsm;/ ydk;aumiftHkrsm;/ udkvdk&m'dk wif;ykwf/ ydk;zvHrsm;/ opfyif

tjr‡ p f u d k ud k u f j zwf zsuf q D ; avh & S d a om wD a umif o¾mef & S d
ydak umif;rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 100 *&rf - =uufoeG jf zL

⋅ 10 *&rf - qyfjym
⋅ 0.5 vDwm - a&
⋅ 2 vBu&f nfZeG ;f - wGi;f xGuq
f D (10 rDvv
D w
D m)

ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ =uufoeG jf zL udk yg;yg;vS;D jcif;/ od@k r[kwf a=unufatmif axmif;yg?
⋅ =uufoeG jf zLudk wGi;f xGuq f ED iS hf 24 em&D=um pdpk w G af tmif a&mpdryf g?
⋅ qyfjymudk a&xJwiG f azsmyf g?
⋅ =uuf o G e f j zLES i f h wG i f ; xG u f q D w d k ‹ ud k qyf j ymazsmf & nf E S i f h a&m 5
pyf&eftwGuf wkww f uH kd toH;k ðyyg?
⋅ tjcm;yH;k wpfcx k o J @kd azsm&f nfupkd pf,yl g?

⋅ toH;k rðyrD Tazsm&f nfukd tm;azsmv h map&ef a& 20 qESihf a&mpyfyg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eH e uf a pmapmES i f h naeyd k i f ; wG i f a&m*gusa&muf o nf h a e&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif;rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ Tazsm&f nfonf omrSezf suyf ;kd trsm;tjym;udk wdu k zf suf &mwGif
xd a &muf r _ & S d o nf ? od k @ aomf oD ; oef @ wd k u f z suf vd k onf h
zsuyf ;kd rsm;twGuf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh jyif;tm;wd@k ukd prf;oyfoifo h nf?
=uufoeG jf zL š qyfjym š a&eHqD
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysydk;rsm;/ ydk;aumiftHkrsm;/ udkvdk&m'dkwif;ykwf/ ydk;zvHrsm;// tjr‡pfudk

uduk jf zwf zsuq f ;D avh&adS om wDaumif yHo k ¾mef&dS yd;k aumif rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 50 *&rf - =uufoeG jf zL

⋅ 10 rDvv
D wD m
⋅ 30 *&rf - qyfjymwH;k
⋅ 10 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ =uufoeG jf zL udk yg;yg;vS;D jcif;/ od@k r[kwf a=unufatmifaxmif;yg?

⋅ =uufoeG jf zLudk a&eHqx D J xnfv h u kd yf g? tzH;k zH;k +yD; 24 em&D odr;f xm;yg?
⋅ qyfjymudk a&xJo@kd xnfah zsmv f ukd +f yD; aumif;rGepf mG a&m ar$yg?
⋅ =uufoeG jf zL§a&eHqED iS hf qyfjymazsm&f nf a&mpyf&eftwGuf wkww f u
H kd
toH;k ðyyg?
⋅ odak vSmifxm;rnfh yH;k od@k r[kwf yufzse;f rnfh yH;k wpfcx k oJ @kd ppf,x
l m;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eH e uf a pmapmES i f h naeyd k i f ; wG i f a&m*gusa&muf o nf h a e&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif;rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?

aq;&Gu}f uD; (1)
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd rsm;/ a*:zDzsuf yd;k aumifrsm;/ claumifrsm;/ r$m;- ðzwf- wif;ykw/f
aumufyo J ;D ESH zsuyf ;kd rsm;/ t&Gux
f ;kd yd;k rsm;/ &$/ yifpnfazguyf ;kd rsm;/
(thrips) o&dkufydk;rsm;/ yJESifh *sKHacs; wufjcif;/ tmvl;r_d a&m*g/
t&Guv f yd f Adik ;f &yfy;kd rsm;/
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 uDvkd - acsxm;onfh aq;&Gu}f uD; &d;k wefEiS hf t&Gurf sm;?

⋅ 100 *&rf - qyfjymwH;k uav;rsm;
⋅ 15 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ aq;&G u f } uD ; ES i f h a&ud k twl w uG ES H @ pyf a tmif a&mar$ E d k i f & ef

wkww f w
H pfcu k kd toH;k ðyyg?
⋅ qyfjym wH;k uav;rsm;udk jznfx h nfyh g?
⋅ tzHk;tkyfjyD; aemufxyf wpf&uf=umxm;yg?
⋅ tjcm;yH;k wpfcx k o J @kd ppfxnfyh g?

ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ aq;&Gu}f uD;onf tvGet f qdyjf yif;onf? Tazsmaf &udk owd}uD;pGm

jzifh toH;k ðy&rnf?Tazsm&f nfukd oif. rsupf d rsm; od@k r[kwf yg;pyf
rsm;xJodk@ r0ifa&muf&Sd&efESifh oif. t&nfjym;ay: ra&muf&dS&ef
a&Smif&mS ;&rnf? toH;k ðy+yD;aemuf toH;k taqmif ypPn;f rsm; tm;
vH;k udk vH;k vH;k v#m;v#m; aq;a=umEdik &f ef aocsmatmif ðyvkyyf g?
⋅ w&k w f j ynf w G i f a&oG i f ; pd k u f y sKd ; onf h pyg;yif r sm;ud k yif p nf
xd;k yd;k rsm;rS tumtuG,af y;&eftwGuf aq;&Gu}f uD; &d;k wef rsm;udk
a&v$r;f aeonfh pyg;wGif ESpx f m;onf? wpf[uf wmv#if &d;k wef
150 - 300 uDv*kd &rfcef@ toH;k ðyonf?
⋅ &Guv f yd f Adik ;f &yfy;kd usa&mufonfh oD;ESrH sK;d EG,pf k tcsKŒd udk pduk cf if;od@k
ajymif;a&GŒ rpdu k yf sK;d rD aq;&Gu}f uD; tr_e@f EiS hf vdr;f useaf y;Edik o
f nf?
Todk@jzifh Adkif;&yfydk;udk jzef@ay;onfh (thrips) o&dkufydk;rsm;
wduk cf u kd rf t
_ m; óudwif umuG,f &mwGif taxmuftul ðyEdik o f nf?

aq;&Gu}f uD; (2)
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd rsm;/ a*:zDzsuf yd;k aumifrsm;/ claumifrsm;/ r$m;- ðzwf- wif;ykw/f
aumufyJoD;ESH zsufydk;rsm;/ t&Gufxdk;ydk;rsm;/ &$/ yifpnfazgufydk;rsm;/
(thrips) o&dkufydk;rsm;/ yJESifh *sKHacs; wufjcif;/ tmvl;r_d a&m*g/ 5
t&Guv f yd f Adik ;f &yfy;kd rsm;/

⋅ Tazsm&f nfonf (ladybugs) ac: tusK;d ðy =urf;yd;k ESihf ‚if;wd@k .
yd;k wH;k vH;k wd@k tm; xdcu kd af pr_ r&Sad cs?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 250 *&rf - acsxm;onfh aq;&Gu}f uD;

⋅ 30 *&rf - qyfjymwH;k uav;rsm;
⋅ 10 *&rf - xH;k (CaCO3) - pdwóf udutf wdik ;f a&$;cs,&f ef
⋅ 4 vDwm- a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ a&qlatmif ðyvkyx f m;yg?

⋅ qlyu G af eonfh a&xJo@kd aq;&Gu}f uD;ESihf xH;k wd@k ukd xnf+h yD;/ rdepf 30
=um qufvufqyl u G af pyg?
⋅ tzHk;zHk;tkyf+yD;/ at;oGm;ap&ef 12 em&D=um xm;yg?
⋅ odak vSmifrnfh yH;k od@k r[kwf yufzse;f rnfyh ;kH wpfy;kH xJo@kd ppfxnfyh g?

w0dkufay: odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif; rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ xH k ; (CaCO 3 ) onf Tazsmf & nf . tusKd ; tmed o if u d k

jr‡iwhf ifay;vdrrhf nf jzpfonf? od@k aomf rvdt
k yfacs?

*sKHr_ef@§qefr_ef@
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ t&G,af &mufonfh &$rsm;ESihf ‚if;wd@k . Orsm;/ yd;k wH;k vH;k rsm; tygt0if
ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ao;i,fonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 2 cGuf - nufaeaom *sKrH e_ @f od@k r[kwf qefre_ @f (400 rDvD vDwm)
⋅ 5 - 10 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ tr_e@f rsm; vH;k vH;k vsm;vsm; aysm0f ifomG ;onfh txd *sKrH e_ @f § qefre_ @f
rsm;udk a&ESihf twlwuG a&mar$yg? a&udk tenf; i,f tylay;ygu
ydrk kd vG,u
f al pvdrrhf nf? toH;k rðyrD azsm&f nfukd at;atmifxm;yg?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufyikd ;f wGio

f m Ta&mpyfxm;onfh t&nfukd tyifrsm; ay:od@k
cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef;jcif; rsm; ðyvkyfonf?
azsmf&nfonf aea&mifjcnfwGif ajcmufaoG@ vmonfESifh tr#
yd;k r$m;rsm;uyfomG ;vdrrhf nf?
⋅ rd;k av0otay: rlwnf+yD; &uftenf;i,f =um+yD;aemuf azsm&f nf
onf uGmusvmvdrfhrnf? qdkvdkonfrSm t&Gufrsm; aea&mifjcnf
pGr;f tifjzifh tpmcsuv f yk jf cif; vkyif ef;udk t}uD;tus,f xdcu kd af p
rnfr[kwaf cs? od@k aomf zsuq f ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;jy\em qufvuf
wnf&adS eygu azsm&f nfukd ydrk t kd oH;k ðy&ef vdt
k yfayvdrhf rnf?
eEGif;
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ yk&Gufqdwfrsm;/ claumifrsm;/ ,ifaumifrsm;/ rd_rsm;/ nematodes
ac: tvGeaf o;onfh oefaumifrsm;/ tcsKŒd aom odak vSmif&mwGif
zsufqD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 500 *&rf eEGi;f Orsm;

⋅ 20 vDwm - qyfjymazsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwmxJo@kd qyfjym wH;k 100
*&rf a&mazsmx
f m;onf)
⋅ 2 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ eEGi;f udk nufaeatmif ckwx f m;yg? od@k r[kwf axmif;yg?

⋅ eEGi;f udk a&xJo@kd xnfyh g?
⋅ tzH;k zH;k +yD;/ 24 - 36 em&D =umxm;yg?
⋅ azsm&f nfukd tjcm;aom yHx k oJ @kd ppfxnfyh g?
⋅ toHk;rðyrD tm;aysmhoGm;ap&ef qyfjymazsmf&nf 20 vDwmESifh
xyfa&myg?

ðyvkyfyg? 5
rSwfcsuf ⋅ eEGi;f r_e@f ukd odak vSmif&mwGif zsuq
f ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;tm; wdu
k f

cdkufzsufqD;jcif;rS óudwifumuG,f&mwGif toHk;ðyEdkifonf? Todk@
ðyvky&f eftwGuf eEGi;f r_e@f 1 qudk odak vSmif xm;rnfh aumufyo J ;D ESH
od@k r[kwf yJaphrsm; 50 qESihf a&mar$yg? (1uDvkd ; 50 uDvkd tcsK;d )
'ef@ovGefyif
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ txl;ojzifh pGwpf o

kd nfh tajctaewGif tyifayguf uav; rsm;udk
&dI aoqHk;oGm;apEdkifonfh a&m*gjzpfay:apaom Phytium
debangemun ac: rdr_ sm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 'ef@ovGeyf if t&Gurf sm;
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ tyifrS t&Gurf sm;udk ac|,+l yD;/ ao;i,fonfh tydik ;f tp uav;rsm;

jzpfatmif acsjcif; od@k r[kwf ckwjf zwfjcif;rsm; ðyvkyyf g?
⋅ &d k ; wef u d k z,f & S m ;ypf j cif ; od k @ r[k w f tvG e f n uf a eatmif
ckwjf zwfjcif;rsm; ðyvkyo f ifo h nf?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ pdu
k yf sK;d jcif;rðyvkyrf D wpfywftvdw
k iG f t&Gurf sm;udk ysK;d cif; ajrESihf
a&mar$yg?

c&rf;csOfyifpnfrsm;
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ a*:zDydk;aumifrsm;/ ydk;zvHrsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ c&rf;csOf yifpnfrsm; - vdt

k yfovdk od@k r[kwf &SmazGEikd o
f r#
⋅ qlyu
G af eonfh a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ c&rf;csOf yifpnfrsm;udk nufaeatmifckwfjzwfyg? (odk@) axmif;yg?

⋅ c&rf;csOf yifpnfrsm;udk yHk;wpfckxJ xnfh+yD;/ qlyGufaeonfh a&jzifh
zH;k tkyxf m;vdu k yf g?
⋅ yH;k udk tzH;k wpfcjk zifh zH;k tkyv
f u kd +f yD; tenf;qH;k 5 em&D=um xm;vdu k yf g?
⋅ azsmf & nf u d k od k a vS m if y H k ; wpf y H k ; od k @ r[k w f yuf z sef ; yH k ; xJ o d k @
ppfxnfv h u kd yf g?
tokH;ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufapmapm od@k r[kwf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef; jcif; rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ taumif;qH;k enf;rSm oift h aejzifh t&G,af &mufonfh yd;k aumifrsm;

oif. tyifrsm;teD;wGif awG@&Sdonfh tcgrSom Tazsmf&nfudk
toH k ; ðy&ef j zpf o nf ? Tazsmf & nf o nf t&G , f a&muf o nf h
yd;k aumifrsm;tm; aerxd xdik rf om jzpfap+yD; ‚if;wd@k Orsm; Ocsjcif;rS
óudwifumuG,af y;onf?
c&rf;csOfyiffrsm;
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ a*:zDydk;aumifrsm;/ ydk;zvHrsm;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ t&G,fa&muf+yD; &ifhusufonfh c&rf;csOfyif wpfyif. yifpnf ESifh

t&Gurf sm; (toD;rsm;udk qGwcf ;l xm;vdu
k yf g)
⋅ qlyu
G af eonfh a& (2 vDwm cef@)
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ c&rf;csOf yifpnfrsm;udk nufaeatmif ckwjf zwfyg? (od@k ) axmif;yg?

⋅ c&rf;csOf yifpnfrsm;udk yHk;wpfckxJ xnfh+yD;/ qlyGufaeonfh a&jzifh
zH;k tkyxf m;vdu k yf g?
⋅ yH;k udk tzH;k wpfcjk zifh zH;k tkyv
f u kd +f yD; tenf;qH;k 5 em&D=um xm;vdu k yf g?
⋅ azsmf & nf u d k od k a vS m if y H k ; wpf y H k ; od k @ r[k w f yuf z sef ; yH k ; xJ o d k @
ppfxnfv h u kd yf g?
⋅ jzpfEdkifv#if qyfjymazsmf&nf wpfcGuf xyfjznfhyg?

ðyvkyfyg?
5
rSwfcsuf ⋅ Tazsm&f nf tqifoifh &Sad eygu xda&mufr_ &Sad p&eftwGuf csucf si;f
toH k ; ðy&rnf ? tyif r sm;ud k azsmf & nf j zif h vH k ; vH k ; vsm;vsm;

zH;k tkyo
f mG ;ap&ef (pGwpf akd p&ef) aocsmatmif ðy vkyyf g?
oabFm&Gufrsm;
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ aumfzDa&mifacs;/ zg;OpGJjcif;/ rd_wufjcif;/
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 uDvkd - tpdwpf w

d f tr$mr$m ckwjf zwfxm;onfh oabFm &Gurf sm;
⋅ 1 vDwm - a&
⋅ 4 vDwm - qyfjymazsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwmwGif qyfjymwH;k 100 *&rf
azsmx
f m;onf?
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ oabFm&Gurf sm; ao;i,fonfh tpdwt f ydik ;f uav;rsm; jzpf oGm;atmif

vS;D jzwfyg? od@k r[kwf tpdwpf w d f tr$mr$m jzpf oGm;atmif ðyvkyyf g?
⋅ t&Gurf sm;udk a&xJwiG f 5 rdepfcef@ v_ycf gay;yg?
⋅ t&Gurf sm;udk t0wfp wpfpxJ xnf+h yD;aemuf t0wfp rSw qifh
tjcm;yHk;xJodk@ avmif;xnfhvdkufyg? a&rsm; rusefonfh txd
t&Gurf sm;udk n‡pyf g?
⋅ qyfjymazsm&f nfEiS hf a&mpyf+yD;/ toH;k rðyrD 30 rdepf=um odr;f xm;yg?

ðyvkyfyg?
zH;k tkyo
f mG ;ap&ef (pGwpf akd p&ef) aocsm atmif ðyvkyyf g?

oabFm&Gurf sm; š a&eHqD
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ zg;OpGjJ cif;/ rdw
_ ufjcif;ESihf aumfzaD &mifacs;/
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 uDvkd - vyfqyfonfh oabFm&Guf

⋅ 20 rDvv D wD m - a&eHqD (pm;yGw
J ifZeG ;f 2 - ZGe;f )
⋅ 10 vDwm - a&
⋅ 10 vDwm - qyfjymazsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwmwGif qyfjym; wH;k 100
*&rf azsmxf m;onf)
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ oabFm&Gufrsm;udk ckwfjzwfyg odk@r[kwf axmif;yg?

⋅ oabFm&Gurf sm;/ a&eHqED iS hf a&wd@k ukd ES@H pyfatmif a&mar$yg?
⋅ tzH;k zH;k xm;+yD;/ Tazsm&f nfukd tenf;qH;k 3 em&D=um xm; yg?
⋅ Tazsm&f nfukd odak vSmify;kH od@k r[kwf yufzse;f yk;H xJo@kd ppf xnfyh g?
⋅ qyfjym&nf 10 vDwm jznfx h nfyh g?
tok;H ðyjcif; ⋅ eHeufapmapm od@k r[kwf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&m

w0dkufay:odk@ cyfqwfqwf cgcsjcif; odk@r[kwf yufzsef; jcif; rsm;
ðyvkyfyg?
zH;k tkyo
f mG ;ap&ef (pGwpf akd p&ef) aocsm atmif ðyvkyyf g?
wrm
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ a*:zDcal umifrsm;/ z&Jo;D ykwrf sm;/ ESaH umifrsm;/
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 100 *&rf - &ifrh n

S o
hf nfh wrmoD;rS taphrsm;
⋅ 2 vDwm - a&
⋅ 200 rDvv
D wD m - qyfjymazsm&f nf (a& 25 vDwm wGif qyfjymwH;k
100 *&rf azsmfxm;onf)
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ tom;aysmah jymif;vmonfh txd wrmaphrsm;udk a&xJwiG f pdrx f m;yg?

‚if;aemuftaphukd yGww f u
kd yf g? Ta&udk aemif twGuf odr;f xm;yg?
⋅ taphrsm;udk t&dyw f iG f tajcmufcx H m;yg? TuJoh @kd ðyvkyf jcif;onf
rdk;av0o ay:rlwnfojzifh &uftenf;i,f =umEdkifonf?
⋅ taphrsm;udk tcGcH gG +yD;/ tqHrsm;udk nufaeonfh tr_e@f jzpf atmif
}udwyf g?
⋅ tr_e@f ukd a& 2 vDwmESihf a&mpyfyg?
⋅ tzH;k zH;k tky+f yD; 6 em&D=um xm;yg?
⋅ qyfjymazsm&f nf wpfcu G jf zifh jznfx
h nfyh g? (200 rDvv
D w
D m)
⋅ a&mpyfxm;onfh t&nfukd odak vSmify;kH od@k r[kwf yufzse;f yH;k xJo@kd
avmif;xnfyh g? 5
⋅ eHeufapmapm od@k r[kwf naeydik ;f wGif a&m*gusa&mufonfh ae&m

tokH;ðyjcif;
ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ wrmaphrsm;udk tr_ef@}udwfonfhtcg tr_ef@rsm;udk tvGef t u|H

&ªrdjcif;rS a&Smif&m;Edkif&ef *&kpdkufyg? vufrsm;ESifh toHk; taqmif
ypPn;f tm;vH;k udk aq;a=umyg?
pdrf;pm;O
OD;wnfESdrfESif;onfh ykd;r$m;rsm; ⋅ ysy;kd / yd;k aumift/kH a*:zDy;kd / yd;k zvH/ r$m;- ðzwf wif;ykw/f rufpD uef
yJwif;ykw/f ESaH pmfonfh =urf;yd;k / claumif trsK;d t pm; trsm;tjym;?
yg0ifonfht&mrsm; ⋅ 1 uDvkd - &ifrh n

S o
hf nfh taph
⋅ 200 vDwm - a&
ðyvkyfenf; ⋅ taphukd tr_e@f =urf;jzpfvmonht f xd }udwyf g ok@d r[kwf axmif;yg?

⋅ a&xJo@dk xnfv h u
dk +f yD; aumif;rGepf mG ar$yg?
⋅ tzk;H zk;H +yD; 24 em&D=umxm;yg?
⋅ t0wfpwpfprS wqifh okad vSmify;Hk wpfy;Hk ok@d r[kwf yuf zse;f yk;H xJo@dk
ppfxnfyh g?

ðyvkyfyg?
rSwfcsuf ⋅ yxrqk H ; tyif . ao;i,f o nf h ae&mwpf 0 k d u f w G i f tok H ; ðy

=unfjh cif;jzifh Tazsm&f nf. jyif;tm;ukd tpOfojzifh prf;oyf yg?

rSwfpkrsm;
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6
6
tcef; 6/ tyifrsm;
tyifrsm;. tpdwftykdif;rsm;
rsKd;yGg;pkdufysKd;jcif;
tcsKdŒaom tokH;0ifonfh tyifrsm;
tyiftuGmta0;
tyifrsm;. tm[m&"gwf/ a&/ pH vkdtyfcsufrsm;
tyifrsm;. pH
tm[m&"gwfESifh jynfhpkHonfh [if;oD;[if;&Guf oD;ESHyifrsm;
tcef; 147
tyifrsm;. tpdwftykdif;rsm;
a,bk,soH;k oyfcsuf
tyifonf pdkufysKd;a&;. tajccH tydkif;wpfckjzpfonf? tyifrsm; r&Sdygu urBmay:wGif rnfonfh
ouf&Sd yHko¾mefr# touf&Sif&yfwnfEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs? ‚if;wdk@. pGrf;aqmifEdkifr_rSm aea&mifjcnfESifh
uke=f urf;ypPn;f rsm;udk vlrsm;ESihf wd&p>mefrsm; twGuf tpmtjzpfo@kd ajymif;vJay;Edik o
f nf?
ykH (70³1) tyifrsm;. tpdwt

f ykid ;f rsm;
tyifwnfaqmufykH
tyifrsm;wGif ta&;}uD;onfh tpdwftydkif; ESpfck&Sdonf?
(1) tjr‡ p f p epf
ajrqDvm$ rS a&ESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk pkw, f +l yD;/ tyiftm; cdik rf mpGm ajr}uD;xJwiG f xde;f xm; onfh
ajratmuf&Sd tpdwftydkif;rsm;// Ttpdwftydkif;rsm;xJwGif atmufajcyifpnf/ tjr‡pfrsm;ESifh tjr‡pfar$;rsm;
yg0ifonf?
(2) tan‡ m uf p epf
touf±E_ idk &f e/f aea&mifjcnf&&SEd ikd &f efEiS hf rsK;d qufjyef@ymG ;Edik &f efw@kd ukd cGiðhf yay;onfh ajray:&Sd tpdwf
tydik ;f rsm;/ Ttpdwt f ykid ;f rsm;xJwiG f yifpnf/ tudik ;f cufrsm;/ t&Gurf sm;/ tyGirhf sm;/ toD;rsm;ESihf taphrsm;
wd@k yg0ifonf?
tajccHtyiftpdwt
f ydik ;f rsm;
tjr‡ p f r sm;
tjr‡pfrsm;onf ajrqDv$mrS a&ESifh tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk pkwf,l&eftwGuf ajr}uD;xJodk@ xdk;0if+yD;
ajr}uD;atmufwGif &Sdaom tyifwpfyif. tpdwftydkif;jzpfonf? tjr‡pfrsm;onfvnf; tyifrsm;tm;
ajr}uD;wGif cdkifrmpGJ+rJap&ef taxmuftulðyay;+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@udk wnfwHhatmif xdef;ay;onf? xHk;pHtwdkif;
u|efyfwdk@onf tjr‡pfrsm;ta=umif; pOf;pm;qifajc&ef arhav#mhae=uonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ‚if;wdk@
onf ajrqDv$mwGif zHk;uG,fae=uonf? odk@aomfvnf; oefrm}uHŒcdkif+yD; usef;rmonfh oD;ESHyifrsm;
jzpfay:vmap&ef twGuf usef;rm}uHŒcdkifonfh tjr‡pfrsm;vdktyfonf? rD;pkef;"gwfESifh jym"gwfrsm;onf
aumif;rGefonfh tjr‡pfzGHŒòzd;r_twGuf tvGefta&;}uD;onf? 6
opfyifwpfyif. yifpnfay:wGif tudkif;tcufrsm;jzmxGufonfh enf;wl xHk;pHt& tyifrsm;onf
yifrtjr‡pw f pfck od@k r[kwf tawmftwef&+dS yD; ‚if;wd@k rS rsm;jym;ao;i,fonfh tjr‡prf sm;ay:xGuf vmonf?
tyifrsm;.tpdwftykdif;rsm;
Tao;i,fonfh tjrp‡ rf sm;rS wqifh ydrk akd o;i,fonfh tjrp‡ rf sm; ay:xGuv f monf? tvGeaf o;i,fojzifh ‚if;wd@k ukd
jrifEikd &f ef cJ,Of;Edik o
f nf? ‚if;wd@k ukd tjrp‡ af r$;rsm; [kac:+y;D / a&ESihf tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk pkw, f &l eftwGuf tjrp‡ rf sm;rS
toH;k ðyonf? tjr‡paf r$;rsm;onf tvGeyf supf ;D vG,f ojzifh a&GŒajymif;pdu k yf sK;d onfh tcgEiS hf pdu
k af bmifrsm;ESihf
v,f,mrsm;udk wl;qG xGe, f ufonfh tcg *&k wpdu k f udik wf , G f aqmif&uG &f ef tvGet f a&;}uD;onf?
tvG e f a p;onf h &G H Œ ap;ajrrsm; od k @ r[k w f nH h z sif ; pG m jyif q if x m;onf h pd k u f a bmif r sm;wG i f
tjr‡pfrsm;twGuf zGHŒòzd;}uD;xGm&ef tvGefcufcJonf? TtwGuf t"du ta=uif;&if;ESpfcsuf&Sdonf? yxr
wpfcsurf mS ajrqDvm$ ydrk kd odyo f nf;v#if tjr‡prf sm;onf }uD;xGm;&efEiS hf ta&;}uD;onfh tm[m &"gwrf sm; &SmazG
oH;k pGEJ ikd &f ef twGuf jzmxGu&f ef ydrk ckd ufco J nf? 'kw, d tcsurf mS &GŒH ap;ajrrsm;onf xHpk t H & a&udk trsm;tjym;
xdef;odrf;xm;+yD; avudk vHkavmufpGm rxdef;xm;Edkifacs? tjr‡pfESifh tjr‡pfar$;rsm;twGuf ajrqDv$mxJwGif
&Siof efaeEdik &f eftwGuf vHak vmufonfh atmufp*D si"f gwf &S&d rnf?
ykH (70³2) tjr‡prf sm;
tcef; (6) tyifrsm; 149

yifpnf
yifpnfonf tjr‡pfrsm;rS t&Gufrsm;txd xdk;xGufaeonfh tyifwpfyif. tpdwftydkif;jzpf onf?
yifpnfrsm;onf tyiftm; axmufyifx h ed ;f xm;ay;onfh tjyif a&/ tm[m&ESihf avwd@k ukd o,f aqmifay;onf?
aumif;rGeof nfh tyif}uD;xGm; zGŒH òzd;r_EiS hf aumif;rGeo
f nfh txGuEf ek ;f twGuf oefrm }uHŒcdik o
f nfh yifpnfrsm;
vdktyfonf? yifpnfrsm; aumif;rGefpGm }uD;xGm;zGHŒòzd; vmap&eftwGuf jym"gwf onf ta&;}uD;onf?
ykH (70³3) yifpnf

t&Gurf sm;
t&Gufrsm;onf tyifrsm. tif*sifpufrsm; jzpfonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf tyifrsm; &Sifoef
}uD; xGm; vmap&ef twGuf pGr;f tifukd axmufyahH y;onf? t&Gurf sm;onf aea&mifjcnf/ a&/ avESihf uvdk
&dzk ;D ac: tpdr;f a&mif "gww
f ak A' wrsK;d udk toH;k ðy+yD; pGr;f tifukd ðyvkyo
f nf? uvdzk ;D "gwrf sm; onf t&Gurf sm; 6
tm; tpdr;f a&mifjzpfaponf? tpdr;f a&mif&dS opf&u G o f nf aea&mifjcnfukd pGr;f tifo@kd ajymif;vJ ay;Edik af om
urBmay:&Sd wpfckwnf;aom ouf&SdypPnf; jzpfonf? Tvkyfief;pOftm; aea&mifjcnf pGrf;tifudk toHk;ðyI
tpmtjzpf ajymif;vJay;aom jzpfpOf[ak c:onf? opf&u G rf sm; aumif;rGepf mG zGŒH òzd;}uD; xGm;vmap&ef twGuf
Edkufówd*sif"gwfonf tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
ykH (70³4) t&Guf

t&Guf. atmufydkif; rsufESmjyifay:wGif pwdkrmwm [kac:onfh tvGefao;i,fonfh tayguf
uav;rsm; &Sdonf? tyifrsm;onf Ttaygufuav;rsm;udk toHk;ðy+yD; yifaiGŒysHjcif;[kac:onfh jzpfpOf
t& umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf "gwfudk pkwf,l+yD;/ atmufpD*sif"gwfESifh a&udk xkwfvGifhonf? yljyif;ajcmuf
aoG@+yD;/ avwdu k cf wfonfth cg tyiftwGi;f &Sd a&onf pwdrk wm [kac:onfh tayguu f av;rsm;rS wqifh
taiGŒyso H jzifh t&Gurf sm; !d;k EGr;f vmonf? xd@k a=umifh tyifrsm;tpOfojzifh vHak vmufonfh a& &&Sad tmif
aocsmpGm vkyfaqmif&ef ta&;}uD;onf?
ykH (70³5) aea&mifjcnfprG ;f tifudk tpmtjzpfajymif;vJyHk

tyGihf
tyGifhrsm;r&Sdygu toD;ESifh taphrsm; r&SdEdkifacs? tyiftrsm;pkonf tyGifhrsm;udk xkwfvkyfonf?
tyGirhf sm;onf tr/ tzd/k od@k r[kwf trESihf tzdk wGv J su&f EdS ikd o
f nf? tryGirhf sm;onf oaE<rsK;d aph wnf &m
om;tdrfrsm; (Orsm;)yg&Sd+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@onf tzdkyGifh. yef;0wfr_efESifhul;vl;qufqHonfh tcg taph tjzpfodk@ 6
wd;k wufjzpfxeG ;f vmonf? tzdyk iG rhf sm;. 0wfre_ rf sm;udk av od@k r[kwf ysm;uJo h @kd aom yd;k r$m;rsm;rS o,faqmif
oGm;Edik o f nf? Tyd;k r$m;rsm;udk qGaJ qmif&mwGif taxmuftulðy&eftwGuf tyGihf trsK;d tpm; trsm;tjym;
wd@k wiG f awmufyonfh ta&mifrsm;ESihf ar$;óudiaf om tES@H rsm; &So d nf? trESihf tzdwk v
JG suyf g&o dS nfh tyifrsm;
onf ‚if;wdk@rsKd;quf jyef@yGm;&eftwGuf tultnDay;&ef tjcm;tyifrsm; rvdktyfacs?
ykH (70³6) tyGifh

toD;ESit
hf aph
toD;rsm;onf tzdk0wfr_efyGifhESifh ulvl;qufqHonfh tryGifhrsm;. oaE<rsKd;aph wnf&mom;tdrfrS
wdk;wufjzpfxGef;vmonf? toD;xJwGif taphrsm;yg&Sdonf? taphonf =uufOuJhodk@ wlonf? taphwdkif;
twGi;f wGif tyifi,fuav;wpfyif yg&o dS nf? Ttyifi,fuav;. tjyif ywfywfvnfwiG f tyif. yxr
tqifh wd;k wufjzpfay:vmap&ef twGuf tpmyg0ifonf? twGi;f wGif &So d nfh t&mrsm;udk tum tuG,af y;&ef
twGuf taxmuftulðyEdkif&ef tpm. tjyif ywfywfvnfwGif tcGHtdrfyg&Sdonf?
}uHŒcdkifusef;rmonfh tyifrsm;rS &&Sdonfh taphrsm;onf tem*wftwGuf usef;rmonfh tyif
rsm;udk xkwfvkyfay;vdrfhrnf? tem*wfoD;ESHyifrsm;. txGufEkef;udk wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&eftwGuf
axmuftulðy&efvmrnfh pdkufysKd;&moDtwGuf rsKd;aphrsm;udk *&kwpdkufa&G;cs,f+yD; odkavSmifxm;yg?
tvGefEke,fjcif;/ tvGef&ifh+yD; ydk;r$m; odk@r[kwf r_da=umifh ysufpD;oGm;onfh taphrsm;onf csKdŒwJhnHhzsif;pGm
jzifh }uD;xGm;vdrfhrnf? (tcef;§2 ukd=unfhyg)
ykH (70³7) toD;

a,bk,sok;H oyfcsuf
taphrsm;onf vdifjzifhrsKd;yGm;pdkufysKd;jcif;rS xGufay:vmonfh &vm'fjzpfonf? (uGJjymjcm;em; onfh
wpfOD;wpfa,mufrsm;rS rdbZmpfjrpf) [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;/ wpfESpfcHyifESifh ESpfESpfcHyifrsm; twGuf
rsK;d yGm;pdu
k yf sK;d jcif;. trsm;qH;k enf;rSm taphrrS sK;d yGm;jcif; jzpfonf? taphrS pduk yf sK;d onfh tyifrsm;onf ‚if;wd@k 6
rdb ESpyf g;vH;k ESihf wlno D nfph &du
k f vuQ%mrsm;&So d nf? u|eyf w f @kd onf Eke,fonfh tyifuav; wGif rdb wpfyg;rS
oD;jcm; t&nftaoG;tm;vkH;udk tvdk&Sdygu aocsmonfhenf;rSm tyifudk vdifrJh ysKd;yGm; pdkufysKd;enf;jzifh
rsK;d yGm;&efjzpfonf? Tenf;udk vdirf hJ rsK;d yGm; pduk yf sK;d enf; [kac:onf?
rsK;d yGm; pdu

k yf sK;d enf;udk atmufygtwdik ;f ðyvkyEf ikd o f nf?
⋅ udik ;f jzwfrsK;d yGm; pdu k yf sK;d enf;
⋅ ajrxkypf nf;ESihf ajrjr‡yf rsK;d yGm;pdu k yf sK;d enf;
⋅ cGpJ w d f jzwfawmuf rsK;d yGm; pdu k yf sK;d enf;
⋅ udik ;f quf rsK;d yGm; pdu k yf sK;d enf;
udik ;f jzwfrsKd;yGm; pdu

k yf sKd;enf;
udik ;f jzwf od@k r[kwf ikww f ikd w f pfco
k nf tyifwpfyif. tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcjk zpf+yD; ‚if;udk jzwfawmufEikd f
+yD; jyefvnf pdu k yf sK;d Edik o
f nf? wpfcsKŒd aom rsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;onf yifpnf od@k r[kwf tudik ;f udjk zwfawmuf
Edik +f yD; tjr‡prf sm; }uD;xGm;vmEdik &f efEiS hf ‚if;wd@k rb d rsm;. Zpfjrpftwdik ;f xyfwx l yfr# }uD;xGm;zGŒH òzd;vmap&ef
twGuf a&/ ajrqDvm$ od@k r[kwf ajraqG;xJo@kd xd;k xnfx h m;yg? tylyidk ;f a'orsm;wGif toH;k 0ifonfh rsm;jym;
aom rsK;d EG,pf 0k if opfyifukd udik ;f jzwfrsK;d yGm;pdu k yf sK;d enf;jzifh rsK;d yGm;Edik o
f nf? v,form;rsm;onf r=umc%
ouf&Sd+cH pnf;&dk; yifrsm;udk pdkufysKd;&eftwGuf cs,f&D/ 'ef@ovGef/ wrm tp&Sdonfh uGJjym;jcm;em;jyD;
tusKd;ðyonfh rsKd;EG,fpk0if tyifrsm;rS udkif;jzwfrsm;udk toHk;ðy=uonf?
tjr‡paf [mfrek ;f "gwfrsm;(rd;k rct&nf)

tjr‡pfa[mfrkef;"gwfrsm;onf udkif;jzwfrsm;tm; tjr‡pfrsm; ydkrfdkvG,fulpGm xGufay:vmap&ef
tm;ay;onf? rdk;rc&nf [kac:o!fh azsmf&nfonfvnf; udkif;jzwfrsm;tm; tjr‡pfxGufay:vmap&ef
tm;ay;onf?
(1) rd;k rcyif. yifpnfi,f uav;rsm;udk 2-3 pifwrD w D m &Sd tydik ;f tp uav;rsm; &&Sad tmif ckwjf zwfyg? ‚if;wk@f ukd
yH;k i,fuav; wpfcx k o J @kd x!f@yg?
(2) rdk;rc tydkif;tp uav;rsm;udk 5 pifwDrDwmcef@txd a&zHk;vGrf;oGm;atmif vHkavmufo!fha&udk
jz!fx h !fyh g? yH;k ukd zH;k xm;+yD; 24 em&D =umxm;yg?
(3) oiftvdk&Sdo!fh udkif;jzwfrsm;udk aemufwpfqifh roGm;rDS wpfem&Dxuf rykdyJ jyifqifxm;yg?
(4) a&xJrS rdk;rc tydkif;tp uav;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;yg? oifjzwfxm;o!fh tukdkif;rsm;. atmufajcydkif;udk
a&xJo@kd x!f@vu dk +f yD; wnxm;vku d yf g? (12) em&D
(5) udik ;f jzwfrsm;udk a&rS z,f&mS ;yg?
(6) ,ck tcsed o f nf udik ;f jzwfrsm;udk pdu k yf sK;d &ef toifh jzpfaeonf? od@k aomf owd&&efrmS ‚if;udk eHeufapmapm
(od@k ) naeydik ;f wGif pdu k yf sK;d &ef jzpfonf?

ajrxkypf nf;ESihf ajr ðryfrsKd;yGm; pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
ajrxkyfpnf;ESihf ajrðryfrsKd;yGm;pdkufysKd;enf;onf tyif. tudkif;rsm;onf ‚if;wdk@. rdciftyifESifh
wGJv#uf &SdaepOf rsKd;yGm;ay;o!fh rsKd;yGm;pdkufysK;denf; wpfck jzpfonf? ajrðryfpdkufysKd;enf;ESifh ajrxkyfpnf;
rsKd;yGm; pdkufysKd;enf;[k ESpfenf;&Sdonf?
1/ ajrðryfrsKd;yGm;pdu
k yf sKd;f enf; (&d;k &d;k rsKd;yGm;enf;)
(u) use;f rm+y;D auG;vG,af umufv, G o
f !fh tudik ;f wpfuikd ;f tm; xdyzf sm;ydik ;f udk csev
f yS x
f m;+y;D usef t&Gurf sm;ESihf
twufrsm;udk ac|ypfjcif;jzifh jyifqifxm;yg?
(c) u|efyfwdk@ tjr‡pfxGufapvkdo!fh tudkif;. ae&mY tay:ydkif;odk@ OD;wnf+yD;/ tudkif;. tv,fA[dkESifh
qHrk ad tmif txuftbufo@kd "g;yg;jzifh cGv J u kd yf g? TuJo h @kd ðyvkyjf cif;udk u|eyf wf @dk a&$;cs,o
f !fh tay:
rlwnf+yD; tudkif;tawmf rsm;rsm;wGif ðyvkyfEdkifonf? (ykH§71³1)
(*) "g;jzifh cGv
J u
kd +f yD; aemufv;DS jzwfxm;o!fh ae&monf ajrrsuEf mS jyifatmufo@dk w!frh wfvek ;D yg; !Gejf y&ef
twGuf tudik ;f udk ajr}uD;wGif nifompGm auG;csvu kd yf g? tudik ;f . Ttydik ;f udk omreftm;jzifh wpf&moD
twGif; tjr‡pfopfrsm; xGufay:vmo!fh txd tpdk"gwf xdef;xm;Edkif&ef 7-20 pifwDrDwm xlo!fh
aumif;o!fh ajrqDvm$ (od@k ) ajraqG;zH;k tkyx f m;yg? ydrk }kd uD;rm;o!fh tudik ;f rsm; udk ajr}uD;atmufwiG f
pdwfcspGm xdef;xm;Edkif&ef ydkrdkrsm;jym;o!fh ajrqDv$mrsm;jzifh zHk;tkyf&ef vdktyf ayvdrfhrnf?
ykH (71³1) ajròryfrsKd;yGg;pkdufysKd;ykH

(C) tudkif;. xdyfzsm;ydkif;ukd rysufpD;ap&efESifh ajrqDv$mjzihf rzHk;tkyfrdap&ef ajrjyiftay:ydkif; vHkavmuf
o!fh tjrifhwGif 0g;(odk@) opfom;ikwfwfdkifwpfckjzifh csnfaESmifxm;yg? rdbZmpfjrpfyif wpfyif.
usef;rmoefpGrf;o!fh tudkif;rsm; tm;vHk;udk Tenf;twdkif; jyifqifðyvkyfEdkifonf?
6
2/ ajrxkypf nf; rsKd;yGm;pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
ajrxkyfpnf; rsKd;yGm;pdkufysKd;enf;onf ajrðryfpdkufysKd;enf;ESifh tvGefqifwlonf? ajrxkyfpnf;udk
pGwfpdko!fh &moDwGif ðyvkyfv#if ydkrkd aumif;rGefonf? odk@aomf ajrxkyfpnf;jcif;rsm; ajcmufaoG@ roGm;ap
Edkif&eftwGuf tm;xm;p&m t&if;tjr‡pf &Sdaeygu ajcmufaoG@o!f@ &moDwGifvnf; ðyvkyfEdkifonf?
(u) oifrsK;d yGm;vko d !fh aumif;rGeaf om rdbZmpfjrpfyifwpfyifukd a&$;cs,yf g? tyifrsm;onf tenf;qH;k wpfEpS rf S
ESpEf pS f touf&if&h rnf jzpf+yD; omref }uD;xGm;o!fh tudik ;f rsm; &S&d rnf?
(c) cJwH (od@k ) vufrvH;k eD;yg; t&G,&f dS tudik ;f wpfuikd ;f udk a&$;cs,yf g?
(*) oef@&iS ;f o!fh "g;wpfvufukd toH;k ðy+yD; tudik ;f ESihf yifpnf *Gqt kH eD;wGif t&Snf 2 - 4 pifwrD w
D m&Sd tudik ;f .
tcGu H kd ajzmifah jzmifEh iS hf cyfwrd w
f rd f EGm,lyg? (yk§H 71³2)
ykH (71³2) ajrxkypf nf;rsK;d yGg;pku

d yf sK;d ykH - vS;D jzwfyHk
(C) tke;f cGH (od@k r[kwf tr#iyf go!fh ypPn;f ) tcsK@d ukd pkaqmif;+yD; a&jzifh aq;a=umyg? ‚if;aemuf vuf jzifh
aemufxyfa&tpufruso!fh txd !‡p, f yl g? ‚if;onf tenf;i,f pGwpf akd eoifoh nf?
(i) aumif;o!fh ajrqDv$m (odk@) ajraqG;udk pGwfpdkaeo!fh tkef;cGHxJwGif xkyfxm;yg? Ttxkyfudk tcGH
EGmxm;o!fh tudkif; ywfywfvnfwGif ywfxm;yg? ‚if;aemuf avESifh a&vkH&ef twGuf txkyf.
txufydkif;ESifh atmufydkif;ywfywfvnfwGif xdk;azgufjrifEdkifaom yvyfpwpf tv$mudk toHk;ðyyg u
aemifwGif tjrpfxGufvmonfudk ppfaq;&mwGif vG,fulayvdrfhrnf? (ykH§71³3)

ykH (71³3) ajrxkypf nf;rsK;d yGg;pku
d yf sK;d ykH - xkypf nf;xm;ykH
(p) &ufaygif; 30-100 wGif ajrxkyfpnf;xm;o!fh tudkif;rS tjrpfrsm; vHkvHkavmufavmuf xGufvm

oifh+yD; tzHk;udk z,f&Sm;Edkifonf? tudkif;udk tjr‡pfrsm;. atmufzuf*GqHkteD;wGif jzwf,lEkd if+yD;
a&$@ajymif;pdkufysKd;Edkifonf?
cGpJ w
d jf zwfawmufrsKd;yGm;pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
cGpJ w
d jf zwfawmufrsK;d yGm;pdu k yf sK;d enf; onf tyifopfukd taph(od@k ) Orsm;rS pdu
k yf sK;d rsK;d yGm;jcif; r[kwyf J
yifr rdcif tyifrS cG,J pl u
kd yf sK;d jcif; jzpfonf? ‚if;tyifrsm;xJwiG f tOtzk/ jrpfz/k yifymG ; om;wufo!fh tyifrsm;
jzpfonf? Oyrm - iSuaf ysm/ csi;f / pyg;vif/ ajrmufOESifh yde;f O tp&So d nfw@kd jzpfonf?
udik ;f qufrsKd;yGm; pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
udkif;qufrsKd;yGm; pdkufysKd;enf;onf uGJjym;jcm;em;o!fh rdbZmpfjrpf ESpfrsKd;rS taumif;qHk; t*F g&yf
rsm;udk aygif;pyftoHk;ðyEdkfifo!fh rsKd;yGm;enf; wpfckjzpfonf? rdbZmpfjrpf ESpfrsKd;. tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
qufjcif;jzifh ‚if;wkd‹ ESpfrsKd;rS u|ekfyfwdk@ tvdk&Sdaom t&nftaoG; yg&Sdo!fh tyifopf wpfyifudk ðyvkyfEdkif
vdrrhf nf? Oyrm aumif;rGeo f !fh t&nftaoG;&Sd toD;ESihf xGuEf KS ef;jrifrh m;o!fh tyifwpfyifukd oefrmo!fhf
ykH (72) ukid ;f qufrsK;d yGg;ykH

tjr‡p&f +dS yD; a&m*g'g%u
f kd cHEidk &f nf &Sjd cif;uJo
h @kd aom tjcm;tyifwpfyifEiS hf quf,El ikd jf cif;jzpfonf? udik ;f quf
rsKd;yGm;jcif;udk tyifwpfyifrS jzwfxm;o!fh tudkif; (ull;udkif;[kac:onf) udk tjcm; opfyifwpfyif.
tudik ;f od@k r[kwf yifpnf (atmufcH tyif[ak c:onf) ESihf qufay;xm;jcif;jzifh ðyvkyf onf?
1/ ul ; ud k i f ;
6
ul;udik ;f onftyifwpfyif.tzl; (od@k r[kw)f rsupf d udq k v
kd o
kd nf? tyifonftenf;qH;k 3ESpf
touf&ifh&rnf? u|Ekfyfwdk@onf aumif;rGefonfh toD;oD;jcif;/ txGufE_ef;rsm; jrifhrm;jcif;ESifh zsufqD;wwf
onfh ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh a&m*g'g%fwdk@udk cHEdkif&nf&Sda=umif; oufao&Sdxm;onfh tyifrsm;udk toHk;ðyoihfonf?
2/ atmuf c H y if
atmufcHyifonf tyifwpfyif. yifonfodk@r[kwf t"duusaom tudkif;udkqdkvdkonf?
tyifonftenf;qH;k 8 v rS 12 v touf&ifo h if+h yD; yifpnf.tcsi;f onf tenf;qH;k 0.5 pifwrD w D m
&Sdoifhonf? u|Ekfyfwdk@onf a'otwGif;&Sd ajrqDv$mrsm;/ &moDOwk ponfwdk@ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGaom
tyifrsm;udkom toHk;ðyoifh+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@onf zsufqD;wwfonfh ydk;r$m;rsm;ESifh a&m*g'g%frsm;udk cHEdkif&nf
&Sda=umif; jyo&rnf? atmufcHyif trsm;tjym;udk taphrsm;rS ysKd;axmifpdkufysKd;onf? taphrsm;onf
ul;udik ;f ,lrnfh tyifwpfyifxrJ v S nf;aumif;/ tjcm;udik ;f qufxm;onfh tyifrv S nf;aumif; rjzpfoifh acs?
tyifrsm;tm; udkif;qufrsKd;y$m;&eftwGuf enf;vrf;tawmftwef &Sdonf? Tenf;vrf;
rsm;onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh tyifrsm;twGuf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh toH;k ðyr_rsm;&So d nf? od@k aomfjim; vnf;
udik ;f qufrsK;d y$m; enf;tm;vH;k twGuf ul;udik ;f ESihf atmufcyH ifw@kd ukd use;f rmonft
h yifrsm;rS a&$; ,loifoh nf?
(ykH§73)
ykH (73) uGjJ ym;jcmem;onfh ukid ;f qufrsK;d yGg;enf;rsm;

tzl;ðryfrsKd;yGg;pdu
k yf sKd;enf;
udkif;qufrsKd;yGm;&eftwGuf vG,fulonfhenf;wpfudk tzl;jr‡yfrsKd;yGm;jcif;[kac:onf? ‚if;onf
vG,u f +l y;D wdusaoma=umifh tyiftrsK;d tpm; trsm;tjym;twGuf tzl;jry‡ rf sK;d yGm;jcif;udk ðyvky&f ef t}uðH yonf?
tzl;jr‡yfrsKd;yGm;jcif;udk usef;rmoefpGrf;onfh tyifwpfyifrS tzl;(ul;udkif;) udk,l+yD;/ tjcm; tyifwpfyif.
t"duusonfh tudik ;f od@k r[kwf yifpnf(atmufcyH if) ESihf qufay;jcif;jzifh ðyvkyo f nf?
ðyvkyfenf;
(1) ul;udik ;f ,lrnfh tyifEiS hf atmufcyH if ,lrnft h yifrsm;udk a&$;cs,yf g?
(2) ul;udik ;f twGuf tzl;wpfcu k kd a&$;cs,yf g?Ttzl;onf use;f rm+yD; tvGet f ouf r&ifo h ifah cs? tzl;onf
u|Ekfyfwdk@qufvdkonfh atmufcHyif. yifpnfESifh teD;pyfqHk; &G,fwl&Sd+yD;/ tom;yg onfh tudkif;rS
,loifo h nf? tudik ;f udk t&Snf 20 - 30pifwrD w D m jzwfyg?
(3) atmufcyH if ,lrnfh tyif. yifpnfatmufajc teD;wGif ao;i,fonfh tv$mwpfvm$ udk vD;S ,l +yD;
rxkwv f u
kd yf g? tvGeef ufpmG rvD;S rdap&efEiS hf tom;udk rysupf ;D ap&ef*&kpu
kd yf g?
ykH (74³1) tzl;òryfrsK;d yGg;pku

d yf sK;d ykH - vS;D jzwfxm;ykH

(4) c|efxuf+yD;/ oef@&Sif;onfh "g;wpfvufudk toHk;ðyyg? tzl;atmuf&Sd tom;yg0ifatmif tzl;udk
yifpnfrS vDS;xkwfvdkufyg? ‚if;udkrysufpD;apbJtzl;udk*&kwpdkufEGm,lyg? tvG,fwulqufEdkif&ef
tzl;onf atmufcHyifEGm,l jzwfxkwfxm;onfh tv$mESifh teD;pyfqHk; &G,fwljzpfoifhonf?
6
ykH (74³2) tzl;òryfrsK;d yGg;pku
d yf sK;d ykH - yifpnf
(5) tzl;udk EGmxm;onfh atmufcyH iftydik ;f ESihf uyfqufyg? ‚if;udk rysupf ;D ap&ef *&kpu
kd yf g?
(6) tzl;.xdyzf sm;udk az:xm;+yD; uyfqufxm;onfh ae&mywfvnftm; óud;jym; od@k r[kwf yvyf pwpfw@kd ukd
toH;k ðy+yD; csnaf ESmifxm;yg?
ykH (74³3) tzl;òryf rsK;d yGg;pdu

k yf sK;d ykH - csnaf ESmifxm;ykH

(7) ESpyf wfo;kH ywfaemufyikd ;f wGif uyfqufxm;onfh tzl;onf tpdr;f a&mif&+dS yD; pGwpf o kd ifo
h nf? topf
}uD;xGm; xGuaf y:vmonfukd awG@jrifEikd b f ,
G &f m&So d nf? ‚if;aemuf odyrf =umrD ywfxm;onfóh ud;jym;
odk@r[kwf yvyfpwpfudk *&kwpdkuf z,f&Sm;Edkifonf?
(8) tzl;onf vHkavmufonfh }uD;xGm;r_udk jyoygu uyfqufxm;onfh ae&mtxufESifh atmuf&Sd
atmufcyH if. tudik ;f rsm;tm;vH;k udk rjywfwjywf wpf0ufcw k x
f m;yg? aemufxyfwpfywf ESpyf wfwiG f
tzl;onf qufvufI }uD;xGm;aeygu oef@&iS ;f +yD; c|ex f ufonfh "g;jzifh Ttudik ;f rsm;udk t+yD;tydik f
z,f&mS ;Edik o f nf? tqufukd tufurJG r_ S wm;qD;Edik &f ef topf}uD;xGm;vm onfh tyifukd axmufxm;&ef
vdtk yfEikd zf ,G &f o
dS nf?
(9) aemufESpfvoHk;vwGif tu,fI tyifopfonf qufvufI }uD;xGm;aeygu u|Ekfyfwdk@onf
Ttyifudk t+rJwrf; pdkufxm;rnfh ae&modk@ a&$@ajymif;Edkifonf?
rSwfpkrsm;
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tcsKdŒtokH;0ifonfhtyifrsm;
a,bk,soH;k oyfcsuf
pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESihf opfawmaygi;f pyf pdu k yf sK;d jcif;/ oD;n‡ypf ukd yf sK;d jcif;ESihf tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm tcef;rsm;wGif
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh enf;vrf;trsm;tjym;wGif toH;k 0ifEidk o f nfh tyifrsm;ESihf opfyiftrsK;d tpm; tawmfrsm;rsm;
udk aqG;aEG;cJ=h uonf? TtyiftrsK;d tpm;rsm;udk &nf&, G cf surf sK;d pHo
k ;kH rsK;d pk0iftyifrsm;[kac:Ekid +f yD;/ ‚if;wd@k tm; 6
O,sOrf sm;ESihf v,f,majrrsm;wGif pdu k yf sK;d &eftwGuf aumif;rGeo f nfh ta=umif;jycsut f rsm; tjym;&So d nf?
h yifrsm;
pdu
k yf sK;d &ef taumif;qH;k aom &nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pko H ;kH rsK;d pk0iftyifrsm;onf atmufyg Z,m;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh
t&nftaoG;rsm; &So d nfh tyifrsm;jzpfonf? a,bk,stm;jzifh &nf&, G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;kH tyifrsm;. tusK;d ðyr_
tcsKda‹ omtok;H 0ifonft

rsm;udk e,fy,ftawmfrsm;rsm;wGif cGjJ cm;owfrw S Ef id_ o
f nf?
&nf&,
G cf suf rsK;d pHo
k ;kH rsK;d pk0iftyifrsm;. t&nftaoG;rsm;
⋅ &nf&G,fcsuf rsKd;pHktoHk;ðyjcif; - &nf&G,fcsuf wpfrsKd;xufydkrkd toHk;ðyonfh rsKd;pk0iftyifrsm;/ Oyrm-

abmpudik ;f onf yJrsK;d pk0iftyifwpfcjk zpf+yD;/ ajrqDvm$ . E_u d xf &k*d si"f gwu f kd jrifw
h ifay;jcif;/
t&G u f r sm;ud k pm;oH k ; Ek d i f jcif ; / taph xk w f v k y f a y;jcif ; ES i f h aumif ; rG e f a om
avmifpmt&if;tjr‡pf wpfckjzpf onf?
⋅ vsifjrefpGm}uD;xGm;jcif; - tvsiftjref}uD;xGm;E_difonfh rsKd;pk0iftyifrsm;jzpf+yD;/ zGH@+zdK;}uD;xGm;&efESifh

rsKd;qufjyef@yGm; &ef tcsdefodyfr=umacs?
⋅ a'ocHtyifrsm; - a'ow0du k wf iG f awG@&EdS id_ o

f nfh tyifrsm;onf ‚if;ywf0ef;usiEf iS hf udu
k n
f o
D nf? Ttyif
rsm; onf zsuqf ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;/ a&m*grsm;ESihf &moDOwk'%frsm;udk aumif;rGef pGmcHEidk f
&nf&dS onf?
⋅ qD a vsmf a omtyif r sm; - ‚if ; teD ; wpf 0 d k u f pk d u f y sKd ; xm;onf h tjcm;rsKd ; EG , f p k 0 if tyif r sm;.
}uD;xGm;zGH@+zdK;r_udk [ef@wm;jcif;rðyonfh rsKd;pk0iftyifrsm;? tb,fa=umifh qkdaomf
‚if;wd@k onf a& (od@k ) tm[m&"gwf rsm;udk tajrmuftrsm;toH;k jyKjcif;/ od@k r[kwf tusKd ;ðy
ZD0tzGJ@tpnf; rsm;tm; wGef;xkwfonfh "gwkypPnf;rsm; rxkwfvkyf jcif;a=umifhjzpfonf?
⋅ tqdyrf &So
d nft
h yifrsm; - vl( od@k ) wd&p>mefrf sm;tm; tqdyrf jzpfaponfrh sKd ;pk0iftyifrsm;/

&nf & G , f c suf r sd K ;pH k o H k ; rsd K ;pk 0 if t yif r sm;. tusd K ;jyKr_ r sm;?
⋅ Ekdufówd*sif"gwftm; jznfhqnf;ay;jcif; - avxJrS Ekdufówd*sif"gwftm; pkaqmif;+yD;/ ajrqDv$mtwGif;ESifh

‚if;wd@k ud,k xf nftwGi;f odak vSmifxm;Ekid o
f nfh yJrsKd ;pk0iftyifrsm;? TrsK;d pk0if tyifrsm;
onf ajrqDv$m. ajrqD=oZmrsm; wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmap&ef taxmuftulðy+yD;/
}udrzf efrsm;pGm y&dw
k ed ;f "gwf tajrmuftrsm;yg0ifonfh yJrsm;ESihf taphyg&o
dS nfh yJawmifrh sm;
udk xkwfvkyfay;onf?
⋅ tpdr;f a&mifajr}oZm - ajrqDvm$ . t&nftaoG;wd;k wufaumif;rGef vmap&ef pdu k yf sKd ;onfh tyifrsKd ;pkrsm;
jzpfonf? od@k aomf yJrsKd ;pk0iftyifrsm;jzpf&ef rvdt
k yfay? TtyiftrsKd ;tpm;rsm;onf ZD0&kyf
ypPn;f tajrmuftrsm;udk axmufyahH y; Ekid +f yD; ajrqDvm$ wGi;f od@k wl;qGjznf@qnf;ay;E_id o f nf?
⋅ vlrsm;pm;oHk;Edkifonfhtyif - tm[m&"gwfrsm;ESifhjynfhpHk+yD; vlrsm;pm;oHk;Edkifonfh t&Gufrsm;/ toD;/

taphrsm;/ Orsm;/ odk@r[kwf tyGifhrsm;&Sdonfh rsdK;pk0iftyifrsm;?
⋅ aq;buf0iftyif - vltrsm;( od@k ) wd&p>mefrsm; zsm;emr_ukd uko&eftwGuf tpdwt

f ydik ;f rsm;udk aq;0g;tjzpf
ðyvkyEf ikd o
f nfh rsKd ;pk0iftyifrsm;?
⋅ wd&p>meftpm;tpm - pkud yf sK;d a&;ESihf arG;jrLa&; wd&p>mefrsm;twGuf tm[m&"gwEf iS hf jynfpokH nfh tpm;tpm
rsm;udk xyfrjH znfph u G af y;&ef pduk yf sK;d Edik o
f nfh rsK;d pk0iftyifrsm;?
⋅ xif;avmifpm - aumif;rGeo
f nfh xif;avmifpmod@k r[kwf rD;aoG;ðyvkyEf ikd o
f nfrh sK;d pk0iftyifrsm;?
⋅ taqmuftOD; - taqmuftOD;ESihf }ud,mwefpmyvmrsm; ðyvky&f ef toH;k 0ifonfh ypPn;f rsm; axmufyhH

ay;Ekid o
f nfh rsK;d pk0if tyifrsm;? ‚if;wd@k txJwiG f opfuikd ;f rsm;/ tdrEf iS +hf cHrsm;twGuf wdik rf sm;/
jcif;rsm;/ ypPn;f ud&, d mrsm;/ tdrrf ;kd zufrsm; ESi,
hf ufvyk &f ef ypPn;f rsm;tp&So d nfw@kd jzpfonf?

tcsKdŒaomtokH;0ifonfhtyifrsm;tm; tokH;csykHESifh p±kdufobm0xl;jcm;csuf
tyiftrnf toH;k csykH rSwcf surf sm;
1? ukuKU yd if N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f 6
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>mef tpm/ aqmufvyk af &; csKdifcsjcif;udk cHEdkif&nf&Sdonf? ydk;r$m; a&m*g
h yifrsm;
ypPn;f / ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d / xif;avmifpm 'g%f cHEdkif&nf&Sdonf?

2? abmpukid ;f N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>mef tpm/ aqmufvyk af &; csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
dS nf? yd;k r$m;a&m*g'g%f
ypPn;f / ouf&+dS cHpnf;&k;d / xif;avmifpm cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
3? ayguyf ef;jzL N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mif ajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm/ ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d / csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
xif;avmifpm cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
4? cs,&f D N "gwfjznfhay;onf?tpm;tpm/ wd&p>mef yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm/ aqmufvyk af &;ypPn;f / ouf&dS +cpH nf;±k;d / csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
dS nf? yd;k r$m; a&m*g
xif;avmifpm 'g%f cHEdkif&nf&Sdonf?
5? zvef;rif*sm N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
wd&p>meftpm/ ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d csKdifcsjcif;udk cHEdkif&nf&Sdonf? ydk;r$m; a&m*g
'g%f cHEdkif&nf&Sdonf?
6? aumfvif;'geD N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm /aqmufvyk af &; csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
dS nf ? yd;k r$m; a&m*g
ypPn;f / ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d / xif;avmifpm 'g%f cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
7? aumfvif;'gjzL N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
dS nf ? yd;k r$m; a&m*g
8? refusn;f N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f

9? yJpOf;ikH N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm /ouf&Sd zkH;tkyf csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
ypPn;f / xif;avmifpm cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
10? uifreG ;f csOf N "gwjf znfah y;onf? tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm;tpm/ wd&p>meftpm / ouf&dS +cHpnf;±k;d / csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
xif;avmifpm cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
11? 'ef@ovGef tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ tpm;tpm/ wd&p>mef yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm /±kd;&maq;0g;/ obm0ykd;owfaq; / csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d / 'g%f cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
12? wrm tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZm/ tpm;tpm/ wd&p>mef yljyif;&moDukd cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf? t&Gu§f udik ;f
tpm / aqmufvyk af &;ypPn;f / ±k;d &maq;0g;/ csKid cf sjcif;udk cHEikd &f nf&o
obm0yk;d owfaq; /ouf&dS +cHpnf;&k;d / xif; 'g%f cHEikd &f nf&o dS nf?
avmifpm
ql;ykyf
vsifjrefpGm }uD;xGm;onfh yJyifrsm;jzpf+yD; aumif;rGefonfh ADwmrifatESifhpD/ rD;pkef;"gwfESihf oH"gwf
t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;udk axmufyhHay;onf? taphrsm;/ tawmifhrsm;ESifh &GufEkrsm;tm;vkH;udk pm;okH;Edkifonf//
tyifrsm;tm; wpfESpf +yD;wpfESpf tudkif;rsm;udk csKdifcsEkdif+yDd; rD;aoG;avmifpmrsm;udk tpysKd;&ef twGuf
xif;avmifpmtjzpf tokH;0ifonf?
ykH (75³1) ql;ykyf

abmpfuikd ;f
tvGef tokH;0if+yD; vsifjrefpGm }uDd;xGm;onfh yJyifrsm;jzpfonf? taphrsm;/ taxmifhrsm;ESifh
tan‡mufEkrsm; tm;vkH;udk pm;oHk;Ekdif+yD; aumif;rGefonfh ADDwmrifatESifh pD/ oH"gwfESifh y&kdwdef;"gwft&if;
tjr‡pfrsm;jzpfonf? opfyif rsm;onf oefrmxGm;óudif;+yDD; aumif;rGefpGm }uD;xGm;onf? opfyifrsm; t=um; 6
pm;oHk;oD;ESHyifrsm; pdkufysKd;a&;pepfESifh uGefwdk pdkufysKd;a&;pepfrsm;wGif toHk;ðy&ef taumif;qkH;jzpfonff?
h yifrsm;
abmpfuikd ;f yifrsm;onf at;onfh &moDwiG f zsuyf ;kd rsm;jzpfonfh oef;ys yd;k aumifuav;rsm;. wdu k cf u
kd rf u
_ kd
cH&Ekdifojzifh tyifwpfrsKd;wnf;ay:wGif rSDcdkraeyJ uGJjym;jcm; em;onfh &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;pHk toHk;ðyE_difonfh

tyiftrsKd;tpm; trsm;tjym;rsm;udk twlwuG pdkufysKd;v#if aumif;rGef onfh t}uHtpnfwpfckjzpfonf?
ykH (75³2) abmpfuidk ;f

aygufyef;jzL
tvGeftoHk;0ifonfh rsKd;pk0iftyifrsm; jzpf+yD; tvGefvSyojzifh vltrsm;tjym;onf rdrdwdk@
O,smOfrsm;wGif pdu k yf sK;d =uonf? tyifonf tvGeaf umif;rGeo f nfh tpdr;f a&mifajr=oZmoD;ESyH if jzpf+yD;/ &GuEf /l
tpdr;f a&mif taxmifrh sm;ESihf tyGirhf sm; tm;vH;k udk pm;oH;k Ekid +f yD;/ wd&p>meftpm;tpmtjzpf toH;k ðyEkid o f nf?
‚if ; wd k @ onf aumif ; rG e f o nf h AD w mrif at/ pD / bD tjyif o H " gwf / xH k ; "gwf E S i f h y&k d w d e f ; "gwf w d k @ .
t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;jzpfonf?
ykH (75³3) aygufyef;jzL

yJpOf;ikH
ae&mteH @ tjym;wG i f awG @ &S d E k d i f o nf h rsKd ; pk 0 if t yif r sm;jzpf + yD ; trsKd ; rsKd ; toH k ; ðyEk d i f o nf ?
omrmeftm;jzifh ESpfESpf cH tyifjzpfonf? ‚if;udk taphrS vG,fulpGm rsKd;yGm;Edkif+yD;/ pdkufysKd;a&;ESifh opfawm
aygi;f pyf pduk yf sK;d jcif;pepf twGuf tvGet f oH;k 0ifonf? taphEiS hf tpdr;f a&mif taxmifrh sm;udk pm;oH;k Ekid o f nf?
(od k @ ) wd & p> m ef t pmtjzpf toH k ; ðyEd k i f onf ? aumif ; rG e f o nf h y&k d w d e f ; "gwf / rD ; pk e f ; "gwf / oH " gwf E S i f h
AD w mrif a twd k @ . t&if ; tjr‡ p f j zpf o nf ? v,f o rm; trsm; tjym;onf &if h + yD ; ajcmuf a oG @ onf h
taxmifhrsm;udk u|JEGm;ESifh qdwfrsm;twGufwd&p>meftpmESifh a&maESmay;onf?
ykH (75³4) yJpOf;ikH
'ef‹ovGef
txl;ojzifh udik ;f jzwf pdu k yf sK;d v#if tvGe}f uD;jrefonfh tyifjzpf+yD;/ enf;rsK;d pHk toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf? tyifukd
xif;tjzpftoH;k ðyEdik +f yD; tjr‡prf sm;/ tacgurf sm;/ taphrsm;ESihf t&Gurf sm;udk &k;d &maq;0g;rsm;tjzpf toH;k ðyEkid f
onf? tawmifhrsm;ESifh t&GufEkrsm;onf aumif;rGefonfh xHk;"gwf/ rD;pkef;"gwf/ oH"gwftjyif y&kdwdef;"gwf/
vltrsm;ESifh wd&p>mefrsm;twGuf ADwmrifat/ bD ESifh pDwdk@. t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;jzpfonf? O,smOfESifh
v,f,majrwdkif;wGif 'ef@ovGef yifrsm;udk pkdufysKd;&ef }udK;pm;oifhonf?
ykH (75³5) 'ef@ovGef

rmvum
omrmeftm;jzifh rmvumudk &nf&G,fcsufrsKd;pkHoHk; rsKd;EG,fpk0iftyifrsm;tjzpf xnfhoGif;xm;jcif;
r&Sad cs? ok@d aomf ‚if;udk u|Eyfk wf @kd Tpmtkyw f iG f xnfo h iG ;f xm;onf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf tuef@towf&dS
onfh ajrae&mrsm;wGif pdu k yf sK;d &ef taumif;qk;H opfo;D yifjzpfjcif;a=umifh jzpfonf? yxrtaejzifh vsijf refpmG 6
}uD;xGm;+yD;/ tcsKd@aom rmvumyif trsKd;tpm;rsm;onf ESpfESpftwGif; toD; oD;onf? 'kwd,taejzifh
h yifrsm;
toD;t&nftwGuf ydrk rdk sm;jym;pGm xkwv f yk Ef idk +f yD;/ oHy&k moD;ESihf a&Smufo;D rsm;xuf ADwmrifp"D gwf ydrk &kd o dS nf?
wwd, tcsuf taejzifh aumif;rGefpGm udkifwG,f ðypk aqmif&Gufygu rmvumonf a&m*grsm;ESifh

zsuq f ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;. '%fukd aumif;rGepf mG cHEikd f &nf&o dS nf? ajrqD=oZmxufoefonfh ajrqDvm$ ESihf
tudik ;f rsm;t=um; av0ifavxGuf aumif;rGeaf p&ef tudik ;f rsm; ukd *&kwpdu k f csKid af y;ygu use;f rm}uH@cikd of nfh
rmvumyifrsm;udk &&Sdvdrfhrnf?
ykH (75³6) rmvum

tyiftuGmta0;
tuGmta0;(pifwrD w
D m)
oD;ESyH ifrsm; wpfyifEiS hf wpfyift=um; wpfwef;ESihf wpfwef;t=um;
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;ESihf O,smOfo;D ESyH ifrsm;
1/ u!$wf 30 -
2/ yifprd ;f 15 -
3/ yJ=urf; 20 30
4/ Akv d pf m;yJ 15 -
5/ yJav;awmifh 15 -
6/ o=um;rSev f m 10 -
7/ yef;rkev f m 40 -
8/ w&kyaf *:zD 25 -
9/ a*:zDxw k f 40 -
10/ rkev f mOeD 8 30
11/ yef;a*:zD 40 -
12/ pdrG n kH if; 20 -
13/ i&kwf 45 90
14/ ajymif;zl; 40 90
15/ ocGm; 30 -
16/ c&rf; 45 90
17/ =uufoeG jf zL 10 -
18/ =uuf[if;cg; 30 -
19/ udu k v f ef 40 -
20/ qvyf 30 -
21/ z&J 40 -
22/ rHn k if; 15 -
23/ &k;H ywD 30 -
24/ =uufoeG ef D 10 -
25/ w&kwef eH H 12 -
26/ pm;awmfyJ 10 -
27/ tmvl; 20 60
28/ upGe;f O 20 60
29/ a&$z&kH 45 -
30/ rkev f mO (tvH;k ) 5 -
31/ [if;EkE, G f 15 -
32/ ocGm; 40 -
33/ ae=um 60 -
34/ c&rf;csOf 45 -

tuGmta0;(pifwDrDwm)
oD;ESHyifrsm; wpfyifESifh wpfyif=um; wpfwef;ESifh wpfwef;=um;
u,f v k d & D / taph r sm;/ y&k d w if ; t&if ; tjr‡ p f / qD x G u f [ if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f tyif r sm;
1/ [if;EkEG,f 20 -
6
2/ rk,mpyg; 21 -
tyiftuGmta0;
3/ yJuwDWyg 15 -
4/ yJeDuav; 10 -
5/ yJwDpdrf; 10 -
6/ ukvm;yJ 10 -
7/ yJvGef; 30 -
8/ qyfajymif; 18 -
9/ jrif;pm;*sKH 12 -
10/ ajryJ 20 -
11/ yJpOf;iHk 240 -
12/ pyg; 10 -
13/ ESrf; 15 -
14/ yJydpyf(yJykyf) 15 -
15/ *sKH 12 -

tuGmta0;(rDwm)
opfyifrsm; wpfyifESifh wpfyif=um; wpfwef;ESifh wwef;=um;
opf y if / }ud r f r sKd ; EG , f p k 0 if oD ; ES H y if r sm;
1/ Am'rfyif 5³5 -
2/ yef;oD; 12 -
3/ axmywfyif 5 -
4/ iSufaysm 5 -
5/ oD[dko&uf 10 -
6/ opft,fyif 12 -
7/ a&Smufyif 6 -
8/ tkef;yif 10 -
9/ rufref;yif 7 -
10/ pGefyvGefyif 10 -
11/ 'l;&if;yif 10 -
12/ uíJaumyif 8 -
13/ pyspfyif 2³5 -
14/ rmvumyif 4 -
15/ ydEMJyif 10 -
16/ oHr,kdyif 8 -
17/ oHyk&myif 5 -
18/ o&ufyif 10 -
19/ rif;uGwfyif 10 -
20/ r&rf;yif 8 -
21/ vdarRmfyif 8 -
22/ vdarRmyiff (tcsKd) 8 -
23/ oabmFyif 2³5 -
24/ rufrGefyif 5 -
25/ opfaomhyif 6 -
26/ qD;yif 8 -
27/ ovJyif 3 -
28/ =uufarmufyif 7 -
29/ o=um;oD;yif 6 -
30/ =oZmyif 2³5 -
31/ opfusm;oD;yif 12 -

tyifrsm;.tm[m&"gwf/ a&/ pH vkt
d yfcsufrsm;
pOf tyifrsm; N P K Mg Ca S Cl Fe
M
Zn B Cu Mo rSwcf surf sm;
n
1 u!$wf Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tief"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd
onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vkd
6
tyf onf?
d yfcsufrsm;
⋅ a&0yfjcif;udkróuduf?
⋅ tjr‡pfeufonfh ESpf&Snfyif?
2 yJ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ Elud óf wd*si"f gwf xnfah y;Edil f&ef rSef
tyifrsm;. tm[m&"gwf/ a&/ pH vkt

uefonfah q; (inoculant) udkoHk;
yg?
3 o=um;rkev
f m Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tief"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd
onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vkd
tyfonf?
⋅ omrmef tm[m& "gwrf sm; vdktyf
onf?
⋅ vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mefacs;rsm;udk
a&Smifyg?
4 yef;rkefvm Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ pH "gw=f um;ae teD;vdktyf
a*:zDxkwf onf?
a*:zDyef; ⋅ a& trsm;tjym; vddkftyfonf?
⋅ tvGefap;onfh &$HŒajrwGif pdkufysKd;
Edlifonf?
5 rkev
f mOeD ⋅ ydkrdkrsm;jym;onfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdlif
&Gufpm;rkefvm &nf&Sd onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vdk
tyf onf?
⋅ a&0yfjcif;udrk óudu?f
⋅ Edlufówd*sif"gwf vGefuJr_udka&Smifyg?
⋅ euf±_dif;onfh ajrqDv$m vdktyf
onf?
6 rken
f i‡ ;f &Guf Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEkdif&nf&Sd
onf?
⋅ a&trsm;tjym; vkdtyfonf?
⋅ tvGefap;onfh ajrqDv$mwGif pkduf
ysK;d Ekid o
f nf?
⋅ ajraqG; trsm;tjym;vkdtyfonf?
7 ajymif; Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEkdif&nf&Sd
onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vdk
tyfonf?
⋅ 'l;qpftjrifhwGif ajr=oZmtykd xyf
jznfhay;yg?

pOf tyifrsm; N P K Mg Ca S Cl Fe Mn Zn B
C M rSwcf surf sm;
u o
8 ocGg; Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
⋅ a&trsm;tjym;udk vkdtyfonf?
⋅ a&0yfjcif;udk róuduf?
⋅ ajraqG;trsm;tjym;vkdtyfonf?
9 c&rf; Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vkdtyf
onf?
⋅ Ttyifrsm;onf at;+yD; pGwfpkdonfh
ae&mwGif nHzh si;f pGm }uD;xGm; onf?
10 =uufoeG jf zL Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ omrmef tm[m&"gwrf sm; vdktyfonf?
11 ukdufvH/ Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ a&trsm;tjym; vkdtyfonf?
r_en
f ‡if; ⋅ tvGefap;onfh ajrqDv$mwGif pkdufysKd;
Ekdifonf?
12 qvwf Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ pH "gw=f um;ae teD;vdt k yfonf
csuu
f kd&Dyif ⋅ a& trsm;tjym; vddktyfonf?
⋅ a&0yfjcif;ukd róuduf?
13 z&J Õ Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tief"gwfudk cHEkdif&nf&Sd onf?
⋅ ajraqG;trsm;tjym; vkdtyfonf?
14 =uufoGefeD Õ Õ Õ ⋅ pH "gw=f um;aeteD;vkdtyfonf?
⋅ jrifhrm;aom ajraqG;ESifh omrmef
tm[m&"gwfrsm; vkdtyfonf?
15 pm;awmfyJ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh a&Elwfajrmif; vdktyf
onf?
⋅ Elu
d óf wd*si"f gwf xnfah y;Edli&f ef rSeu
f ef
onfhaq; (inoculant) udkoHk; yg?

pOf tyifrsm; N P K
M
Ca S Cl Fe Mn Zn B Cu Mo rSwfcsufrsm;
g
16 i±kyf Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
6
d yfcsufrsm;
⋅ Eldufówd*sif"gwf vGefuJr_ukd a&Smifyg?
17 tmvl; Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
tyifrsm;. tm[m&"gwf/ a&/ pH vkt

onf?
⋅ vwfqwfonfh wd&p>mef acs;udka&Smifyg?
⋅ ykdrkdonfhtcsOf"gwf tajctaeonf 0Jem
(Scab) a&m*gukdóudwif umuG,fonf?
18 [if;ElEG,f Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ jrifrh m;onfh omrmef tm[m&"gwf
rsm;udk vkdtyfonf?
19 bl;ocGg; Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ ajraqG;trsm;tjym; vkdtyfonf?
20 uefpGef;O Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ nhHzsif;onfh ajrqDv$mwGif pdkufysKd;Edkif
onf?
21 c&rf;csOf Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ Edlufówd*sif"gwf vGefuJr_udk a&Smifyg?
22 rkev
f mO Õ Õ Õ ⋅ ykdrkdonfh tcsOf"gwfudk cHEdkif&nf&Sd onf?
onf?
⋅ Edlufówd*sif"gwf vGefuJr_udk a&Smifyg?

tyifrsm;. pH
csOf =um;ae ief

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tyif r sm; pH
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
1 yef;oD; 5.0-6.5
2 aròrd@yef; 6.0-7.5
3 axmywfo;D 6.0-6.5
4 iSuaf ysmyif 4.5-7.5
5 rka,mpyg; 6.5-8.0
6 rwfyJ 5.0-6.5
7 axmywfyJ 5.5-6.5
8 a*:zDxyk f 5.5-7.5
9 udu k ;kd 4.0-7.5
10 rkev f mOeD 6.0-8.0
11 oD[&kd o f &uf 5.0-7.0
12 }uufql 5.0-8.0
13 yef;a*:zD 6.0-7.5
14 w±kwef eH H 5.5-7.0
15 i±kyf 5.0-7.0
16 w±kwq f ;D oD; 6.0-7.5
17 a&Smufo;D 5.5-6.5
18 av;nif; 5.0-7.0
19 tke;f 6.0-8.5
20 aumfzD 5.0-6.5
21 eHeH 6.0-7.0
22 ajymif;zl; 5.3-7.3
23 0g 5.5-7.5
24 yJveG ;f 6.0-7.5
25 ocGm; 6.0-7.0
26 a'vD,myef; 5.0-6.5
27 rufref;oD; 5.5-6.5
28 csOaf ygiyf if 6.0-7.0
29 awmif,mpyg; 4.5-8.5
30 'l;&if;oD; 5.0-6.0
31 c&rf;oD; 6.0-7.0
32 pm;awmfyJ 6.0-7.5
33 Adkdvfpm;yJ 5.5-7.5

csOf =um;ae ief
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tyifrsm; pH x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 6
34 a&Smufyef;oD; 5.5-7.0
35 befav#mf
tyifrsm;. pH
6.0-7.0
36 =uufoeG jf zL 5.0-7.0
37 csi;f 6.0-7.0
38 opPmyef; 5.0-7.0
39 bl;oD; 6.0-7.0
40 pyspo f ;D 6.0-8.0
41 u|aJ umoD; 5.5-7.0
42 ajryJ 5.5-7.0
43 rmvmumoD; 5.5-7.5
44 ydEo
JM ;D 5.5-7.5
45 *keaf v#mf 6.0-8.0
46 yJuwWyD g 5.5-7.5
47 oHr±kdoD; 5.5-7.0
48 qvwf 6.0-7.0
49 oHy&moD; 5.5-7.0
50 ESrf;csyf 5.0-7.5
51 ZmwdAkdvf 4.5-6.5
52 o&uf 5.5-7.5
53 qyfajymif; 5.0-7.5
54 yJwDpdrf; 6.0-7.5
55 rkefn‡if; 5.5-7.0
56 jrif;pm;*sKH 5.0-7.0
57 qDtHk; 5.5-7.0
58 =uufoGefeD 5.0-7.0
59 vdarRmf 5.0-7.0
60 opfcG 4.0-5.0
61 oabFm 5.5-7.0
62 rufrGefoD; 5.5-6.5
63 opfaomhoD; 5.5-6.5
64 i±kwfaumif; 5.0-6.5
65 emewfoD; 5.0-7.0
66 qDD;oD; 6.0-8.0

csOf =um;ae ief
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
tyif r sm; pH
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
67 ovJoD; 5.5-7.0
68 tmvl; 4.5-6.5
69 a&$z&Hk 6.0-7.0
70 ESSif;qD 5.5-8.0
71 csOfaygif 6.0-7.0
72 =uufaygifap; 5.0-7.0
73 &dkif;pyg; 5.0-7.5
74 ql;yef; 6.0-8.0
75 o=um;oD; 5.5-7.0
76 ESrf; 6.0-7.5
77 emewfav#mf 5.0-6.5
78 pGefwmeD§jym 5.5-6.5
79 ESHpm;ajymif; 5.5-7.5
80 yJykyf 5.5-7.5
81 pxa&mfb,f&D 5.5-6.5
82 o=um;rkefvm 6.0-8.0
83 }uH 6.0-8.0
84 ae=um 6.0-8.0
85 urRvmoD; 5.0-7.0
86 uefpGef;O 4.5-6.5
87 =oZmoD; 5.0-6.0
88 vBuf 5.0-6.5
89 aq; 5.0-8.0
90 c&rf;csOo f ;D 5.5-7.5
91 ausmufz&ko H ;D 6.0-7.0
92 z&J 6.0-7.0
93 v,fpyg; 4.5-8.5
94 *sKH 5.5-7.5

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6
tyifrsm;. pH
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tm[m&"gwfESifh jynfhpko
H nfh[if;oD;[if;&Guf oD;ESyH ifrsm;
[if;oD;[if;&Guf (100) *&rfwGif yg0ifonfhtm[m&"gwf
u,fvfpD,rf (rDvD*&rf)
rpm;Ekdifonfh&mckdifE_ef;
ADwmrif C (rDvD*&rf)
pm;Ekdifonfh&mckdifE_ef;
pGrf;tif (u,fvkd&D)
oH"gwf (rDvD*&rf)
ADwmrif A (I.U.)
tpm;tpm
y±kdwdef; (*&rf)
tr#if (*&rf)
(u) tjrifhqkH; tm[m&"gwfyg0ifonfh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;
ADwmrif A: 2000 I.U. txuf
ADwmrif C: 20 mg. txuf
yDavmyDe&H u G f 13 87 52 6³0 - 125 2³4 11˜885 71
ydef;&Guf 45 55 38 2³4 100 147 2³4 11˜210 78
i±kyo f ;D teD 13 87 100 5³5 13³0 75 3³1 9˜120 84
'ef@ovGef&Guf 39 61 46 3³4 - 215 2³1 7˜595 142
uefpGef;O (0g) 19 81 92 1³4 - 26 0³6 7˜130 17
rkev
f mO (0g) 41 59 25 0³6 - 22 0³4 6˜490 5
uefpGef;Ot!$ef@ 19 81 34 2³6 - 70 3³7 5˜635 25
a&uefpGef; 19 81 23 2³4 - 59 2³0 5˜105 26
[if;EkE, G f 39 61 16 2³0 - 57 1³9 4˜940 31
rkenf i‡ ;f pdr;f 30 70 22 2³1 - 128 2³1 4˜900 68
i±kyfyift&Guf 59 41 22 2³3 0³8 101 0³6 4˜074 29
rkefn‡if;xkyf 37 63 23 2³2 - 168 2³5 3˜845 50
w±kyrf ek n f i‡ ;f 20 80 15 1³5 - 157 0³8 2˜945 24
(c) tv,ftvwftm[m&"gwf yg0ifonfh[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;

ADwmrif A : 500 - 2000 I.U.
ADwmrif C: 10 - 20 mg.
bkdudwfyJt&Guf 14 56 19 2³4 1³0 60 2³6 2˜152 20
a&$z±kH 30 70 18 0³7 - 15 0³6 1˜120 6
c&rf;csOfoD; 0 100 22 1³1 - 13 0³5 900 23
bkdudwfyJawmifhEk 5 95 35 3³5 1³1 51 1³3 688 23
yJ=um;taphEk 0 100 123 8²4 - 52 2³8 560 29
yJav;awmifEh k 5 95 32 1³8 1³5 50 0³2 528 20
Akdvfpm;yJ/ yJawmifh&Snf 5 95 27 1³8 1³0 71 1³1 491 17
a*:zDxkwf 3 97 14 1³2 - 42 0³6 145 24
u,fvfpD,rf (rDvD*&rf)
6
rpm;Ekdifonfh&mckdifE_ef;
ADwmrif C (rDvD*&rf)
pm;Ekdifonfh&mckdifE_ef;
pGrf;tif (u,fvkd&D)
oH"gwf (rDvD*&rf)
ADwmrif A (I.U.)
tpm;tpm
y±kdwdef; (*&rf)
H nfh[if;oD;[if;&Guf oD;ESyH ifrsm;

tr#if (*&rf)
(*) tenf;qk;H tm[m&"gw f yg0ifo nf[
h if;oD;[if;&Gu frsm;
ADw mrif A : 500 I.U. xufavsmeh nf;onf
ADw mrif C: 10 mg. xufavsmeh nf;onf
tm[m&"gwfESihf jynfhpko
±k;H ywD 22 78 28 1³9 - 72 0³5 405 24
yJyyk af wmifEh k 43 57 79 7³4 1³1 44 2³2 328 15
oyGw f 21 29 15 0³9 0³8 2 0³6 216 8
yJwpD rd ;f yJyifaygu f 7 93 28 3³9 0³8 14 1³1 32 17
yJyyk f yJyifaygu f 17 83 51 6³4 0³6 43 0³9 32 8
ydef;O 34 66 65 1³3 - 18 0³7 15 3
rkev f mOjzL 22 78 15 0³7 - 27 0³5 10 25
c&rf;oD; 19 81 20 1³0 - 10 0³6 10 4
ausmufz±ko H ;D 31 69 9 0³3 - 13 0³3 0 9
ajrmufO 15 85 81 1³3 - 12 0³7 0 3
rS w f c suf ? ? y±k d w d e f ; "gwf wpf & uf w m vk d t yf c suf (*&rf )

usm; - 0³8 x uk, d tf av;csed f (uDv*dk &rf)
r - 0³7 x uk, d tf av;csed f (uDv*dk &rf)
oH"gwf wpf&ufwm vkdtyfcsuf
usm; - 10 rDv*D &rf
r - 18 rDv*D &rf
ADwmrif A "gwf wpf&ufwm vkdtyfcsuf
usm; - 5000 I.U.
r - 4000 I.U.
ADwmrif C "gwf wpf&ufwm vkdtyfcsuf
usm; - 60 rDv*D &rf
r - 60 rDv*D &rf

rSwfpkrsm;
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7
7
tcef; 7/ tm[m&"gwf
tpm;tpmESifh tm[m&"gwf
tm[m&"gwf/ }uD;xGm;r+ESifh zGH‹ òzd;wkd;wufr+
tm[m&"gwf csd‹wJhjcif;
tpm;tpmudk ukdifwG,fjcif;/ okdavSmifjcif;ESifhjyifqifjcif;
tcef; 183
tpm;tpm
tpm;tpmqdkonfrSm u|Ekfyfwkd@ ykHrSeftm;jzifh pm;aomufonfh t&mtm;vkH;ukd qkdvkdonf?
ouf&t dS &m[lor# touf&iS of ef Ekid af &;twGuf tpm;tpmESihf a&ukd vkt
d yfonf? u|Eyfk w
f @dk pm;ok;H avh&adS om
tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;aeustpm ( diet)[k ac:onf? pm;aeus tpm;tpmrsm;onf vlwdk@.Zmwd/
±k;d &m"avhtay:rlwnfI uGjJ ym;jcm;em;Ekid o f nf?
Oyrm
⋅ u&if e D v l r sd K ;. t"d u tpm;tpmrS m xrif ; / tom;tcsKd @ /
[if;oD;[if;&Guf/ opfoD;0vH rsm;/ yJtrsKd;rsKd; ESifh ykd;aumifav;rsm;?
⋅ u&if v l r sd K ;wd k h . t"d u tpm;tpmrS m xrif ; / ig;yd / tom;/
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm; ESihf opfo;D rsm;?
⋅ taemufwikd ;f Edik if o H m;wd@k . tpm;tpmrSm aygirf ek @f EiS hf tmvl;/ tom;/
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;/ opfo;D rsm;/ 'decf EJ iS hf Ed@k ?
tm[m&"gwf
tm[m&"gwfqkdonfrSm u|Ekfyfwdk@ touf&SifEdkifa&;ESifh usef;rmoefpGrf;pGm aexkdifEdkif&eftwGuf
pm;okH;aom tpm;tpm tm;vkH;jzpfonf? tm[m&qkdonfrSm u|Ekfyfwdk@onf ae@pOf rnfo!fh tpm;
tpmESifh xdktpm;tpmudk rnfr# pm;okH;oifhonf ponfwkd@jzpfonf?
aumif;aomtm[m&onf vlwkd u h akd tmufygtwdik ;f tusKd ;ðyaponf?

⋅ }uD;xGm;zGH@òzd;+yD; usef;rmoefpGrf;pGm aexkdifEkdif&ef?
⋅ tvk y f v k y f E k d i f & ef / tm;upm;ðyvk y f E k d i f & ef E S i f h aumif ; rG e f p G m
pOf;pm;awG;ac:Ekid &f eftwGuf tm;tif &S&d ef?
⋅ zsm;emjcif;rSumuG,af y;&ef?
aumif;aomtm[m&"gwu f kd &&S&d eftwGuf rSeu

f efaomtm[m&"gwrf sm;ESihf rSeu f efaom yrm%
udkpm;okH; &efvdktyfonf? tm[m&onf u|Ekfyfwdk@cE<mudk,frS pGrf;tif/ }uD;xGm;r_ESifh jyefvnf ðyjyifr_rsm;
twGuf xkwfvkyf tokH;ðyaom tpm;tpmtwGif;yg&Sdonfh t&m0wˆK rsm;jzpfonf?

tm[m&"gwfudk atmufygtkyfpk trsKd;tpm;rsm; twkdif; cGJjcm;owfrSwfEdkifonf?
upD"gwyf g0ifaom tpm;tpmrsm; - xrif;/ aygirf ek f /h ajymif;/ acguq

f JG
7
tqDrsm; - tqD ok@d r[kwf tqD"gwrf sm;pGm yg0ifaomtpm;tpmrsm;jzpfonfh - pm;qD/ tom; trsKd ;rsKd ; rS
&&So
d nft h qD
y&dkwdef; (tom;"gwf) - tom;/ ig;/ Orsm;/ toJ/ yJrsm;/ wd&p>mef okd@r[kwf yJ§tcGHrm toD;rsm;rS
&&Sdonfh tpm;tpm
tcef; (7) tm[m& 185

ADwmrif ESihf owWK"gwfrsm; - u|Ekfyfwkd@ yrm% tenf;i,fom vkdtyfonfh txl;ojzifh
[if;oD;[if; &Gufrsm;ESifh opfoD;rsm;
a& ESihf tr#i"f gwf rsm;onf u|Eyfk w

f @kd vt
dk yfaom tm[m&"gwrf sm;jzpfygonf?
tpm;tpmtkypf rk sm;
uGJjym;aomtpm;tpmwdk@onf u|Ekfyfwdk@. cE<mudk,ftwGuf uGJjym;pGm vkyfaqmifay;onf?
aumif;aom tm[m&"gwf &&SEd idk &f eftwGuf ae@pOf pm;ok;H &onfh tpm;tpmtrsdK;tpm; rsm;ESihf ygwo f ufI
aqG;aEG;&mwGif rnfo!fh"gwfonf rnfo!fhtpm;tpmwGif yg&Sda=umif;udk ydkrdkvG,fulpGm od&SdrSwfrdEdkifap
&eft
f wGuf tpm;tpmudk tkypf ck I JG aqG;aEG;xm;onf?
tm[m&"gwf trsm;qk;H yg0ifo!fh tpm;tpmESihf u|Eyfk w f @dk . cE<mud, k tf wGuf rnfonft h &mudk
vk y f a qmif a y;Ed k i f o !f h t ay: rl w nf I tk y f p k c G J j cm; owf r S w f E d k i f o nf ? tk y f p k wpk c sif ; pD o nf
u|Ek f y f w k d @ cE< m ud k , f t wG u f txl ; vk y f a qmif a y;csuf &S d o nf ? u|Ek f y f w k d @ cE< m ud k , f t wG u f
txl;vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;&So d nfh tkypf w
k pfpck si;f pDudk tpmtkypf k (3)pk tjzpf cGjJ cm;owfrw S Ef idk o
f nf?
owd&oifo
h nfrmS tpm;tpmwkid ;f wGif tm[m&"gwrf sK;d pkeH ;D yg; yg0ifonf?
ok@d aomf tpm;tpmwcsKŒd wGif uset
f pm;tpmxuf tm[m&"gwf trsK;d tpm; ykrd ydk g0ifonf?

yg0if o !f h t pm;tpmtk y f p k r sm;rS S m -
⋅ tkypf k (1) y±kw
d ed ;f "gwf tkypf k (y±kw
d ed ;f tpm;tpm)
⋅ tkypf k (2) pGr;f tif"gwf tkypf k (tqDEiS hf umbk[ d u
dk +f 'dw)f
⋅ tkypf k (3) oufapmif"h gwf tkypf k (ADwmrifEiS hf owWKtkypf )k 7
tkyfpk (1) y&dkwdef; tpm;tpm
y&dkwdef;tpm;tpmrsm;udk cE<mudk,fwnfaqmufonf htpm;tpm rsm;[kvnf; ac:a0:=uonf?
‚if;wd@k onf cE<mud,k t
f wGuf atmufygtwdik ;f vkyaf qmifay;onf?
⋅ }uD;xGm;apjcif;?
⋅ oefrmonfºh uGuo f m;rsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif tultnDay;jcif;?
⋅ zsm;em+yD;aemuf jyefvnfevefxEl ikd &f ef cE<muk,
d t
f m; ulnaD y;jcif;?
y&dwk if;"gwv f aHk vmufpmG rpm;ok;H &aom uav;onf t&yfrxGujf cif;

ESihf oefrmxGm;óudi;f jcif; r&So d !ft h jyif uav;/ vl}uD;tygt0if y&dw k if;"gwu f kd
vkHavmufpGm rpm;okH;&ygu tjcm;aomvlrsm; xuf ykdrkdI tm;tifcsdeJ@+yD;
vG,u f pl mG zsm;Ekid o
f nf?
rsm;pGmaomy&dkwdef;"gwfwdk honf wd&p>mefrS&&SdEdkifonf? okd@aomf tcsKd@aomy±kdwdef; tpm;tpm
rsm;onf tyifrsm;rS &&SdEkdifonf?
tESH@tjym;awG@ &SdEkdifaom y&dkwdef;tpm;tpm odk hr[kwf cE<mudk,f wnfaqmufonfh tpm;
tpmrsm;ukd yJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh wd&p>mefrsm;rS &&SdEkdifonf?
wd&p>mefrS &&So d nfh y±kw
d ed ;f tpm;tpmrsm;rSm =uufom;/ 0ufom;/ trJom;/ ig;/ *%ef;aumif/ Orsm;/
ed@dl rsm; tp&So d nfw@dk jzpfonf?
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf S &&Sod nfh y±kw d ed ;f tpm;tpmrsm;rSm yJe/D yJyyk af ph/ ajryJ tp&So
d nfh yJrsK;d pkrH sm; jzpfonf?
y±kw
d ed f;"gwftpm;tpm ok‹dr[kwf cE<muk, d fwnfaqmufonfh tpm;tpmukd
ae‹pOf pm;ok;H ay;&ef ta&;}uD;onf
tcef; (7) tm[m& 187

tkyfpk (2) pGrf;tiftpm;tpm
pG r f ; tif tpm;tpmonf vl t rsm;tm; ae@pOf ðyvk y f & ef
vdt
k yfonfh tvkyv f yk jf cif;/ tm;upm; ðyvkyjf cif;/ vrf;av#mufjcif;/
pum;ajymjcif; wdk@udk ðyvkyfaqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGuf pGrf;tifukd
jz!fq
h nf; ay;onf?
tu,fI pGrf;tif tpm;tpmukd vkHavmufpGm rpm;okH;&yg

u tm;enf;I armyef;rnf?
pGrf;tif tpm;tpmonf rsm;aomtm;jzifh umbdk[dkuf+'dwf
od@k r[kwf tqDrsm;pGm yg0if+yD; rsm;aomtm;jzifh vlw@kd . 0rf;Adu k f
jy!foh uJo
h kd ch pH m;&+yD; v_y&f mS ;aqmif&u
G Ef idk &f ef pGr;f tifudk jznfq
h nf;ay;onf? vlw@kd onf pGr;f tif tpm;tpmudk
t"du tpmtjzpf a&G;cs,=f uonf?
t"dutpm;tpmrsm; (xrif;)ESifh tqDrsm;rSm xrif;/ acgufqGJrsm;/ aygifr_ef@/ ajymif;/ tmvl;rsm;/
iSuaf ysmoD;rsm;/ tke;f qD/ pm;qD/ 0ufq/D }uHEiS hf EGm;El@d ponfw@dk jzpfonf?
xrif;tjyif pGr;f tiftpm;tpmtcsK@d udk ae@pOf pm;ok;H ay;&ef ta&;}uD;onf
tkyfpk (3 ) ADwmrifESifh owWK"gwf tpm;tpmrsm;
ADwmrifEiS hf owWK"gwrf sm;pGm yg0ifaomtpm;tpmrsm;udk oufapmif"h gwf [kvnf; ac:onf Ttpm;tpm

onf atmufygwdk@udkvkyfaqmifay;onf?
⋅ u|Eyfk w f @dk cE<mud,
k u
f dk aumif;rGepf mG tvkyv
f yk Ef ikd &f ef ulnaD y;jcif;?
⋅ rsm;pGmaom a&m*gy;kd trsK;d rsK;d &&Sjd cif;rS tumtuG,af y;jcif;?
oufapmif"h gwpf mrsm;onf atmufygw@dk uvkd nf; tultnDay;onf?

⋅ aoG;/ ta&jym;/ oGm;ESihf t±k;d rsm;wk@d uv
dk nf; oefrmatmif ðyvkyf
ay;onf?

⋅ tpm;tpmtrsm;tjym;wGif awG@&EdS idk o f nfh oH"gw/f tdik t f 'kd if;/ xk;H "gwf tp&So d nfh owWKrsm;onf
aoG;/ oGm;/ t±kd;wdk@udk ckdifcef@atmif ðyvkyf&eftwGuf cE<mukd,fukd taxmuftulay;onf?
ADwmrif at/ bD ESihf pD tp&So d nfh ADwmrif"gwrf sm;ukd tjcm; tpm;tpmtkypf rk sm;wGif awG@&EdS idk o f nf? ok@d aomf
taumif;qk;H enf;rSm ADwmrif"gwf tajrmuftrsm;&&SEd idk &f eftwGuf vwfqwfonfh [if;oD; [if;&Gurf sm;ESihf 7
opfo;D 0vHrsm; ukpd m;ok;H yg? txl;ojzifh tpdr;f &ifah &mif/ vdarRmf ok@d r[kwf t0ga&mif&dS [if;oD;[if;&Guf rsm;ESihf
opfo;D rsm; jzpfonf?
tESH@tjym;awG@&Sd&+yD; ADwmrif"gwftrsm;tjym;yg0ifonfh tpdrf;&ifha&mifESifh t0ga&mif &Sd vwfqyfaom
[if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;ESihf opfo;D rsm;rSm tpdr;f a&mifyrJ sm;/ a&$z±ko
H ;D / uefZeG ;f &Gu/f c&rf;csOo
f ;D / oabmFo;D / o&ufo;D /
ydEo
JM ;D ESihf vdarRmo
f ;D tp&So
d nfw@dk jzpfonf?
oufapmift
h pm;tpmtcsK@d udk ae@pOfpm;ok;H &ef ta&;}uD;onf?
usef;rmoefpGrf;aom enf;jzifh tpm;tpmudk pm;ok;H jcif;

vlwikd ;f onf use;f rmpGm touf&n S f aexkid &f eftwGuf aumif;rGeo f nfh tpm;tpm vkt d yf ovkd
&&Spd m;ok;H Ekid &f efvnf; vdt k yfonf?
aumif ; rG e f a om tm[m&"gwf u d k & &S d & ef t wG u f vl r sm;onf tk y f p k t m;vk H ; rS tpm;tpmud k
vdt
k yfonf? tb,fa=umifq h akd omf tkypf w k ckpw D iG f yg0ifaom tpm;tpmonf u|Eyfk w f @dk cE<mud,k f twGuf
txl;vkyaf qmifcsuf wpfcpk D &S=d uonf? tu,fI tkypf w k ckwnf;udk pm;ok;H rnf qdyk gu uset f jcm; tkypf rk S
xkwv f yk af y;o!fh tm[m&"gwrf sm;udk &&SEd idk af wmhrnfr[kwaf cs?
ae@pOf qD (od@k ) =uufO (od@k ) uefZeG ;f &Gurf sm; wpfrsKd ;wnf;udo k m pm;ok;H ygu use;f rmrnf r[kwaf y?
aumif;rGepf mG a&maESmxm;onfh y&dw k ed ;f / pGr;f tif ESihf oufapmif"h gwf tpm;pmrsm; &&S&d ef tpmtkypf k wpfcpk rD S
tcsK@d udk a&$;,l pm;ok;H Ekid &f ef óud;pm;yg?
tu,fI u|Eyfk w f @dk aumif;rGepf mG a&maESmxm;onfh y&dw k ed ;f / pGr;f tif ESihf oufapmif"h gwf tpm;pmrsm;ukd
r&&SEd idk yf gu u|Eyfk w f @dk wiG f tm[m&"gwcf sK@d wEhJ idk o f nf?
txl;ojzifh uav;rsm;wdk@onf tkyfpktm;vkH;rS tpm;tpmwdk@udk &&Sd&ef txl;ta&;}uD;onf?
tb,fa=umifh qdk omf uav;rsm;onf vl}uD;xuf ydkrdkvG,fulpGm zsm;emEkdif+yD;/ ykdrkdvG,fulpGm tm[m&
tcef; (7) tm[m& 189

csKd@wJhEkdifjcif;a=umifhjzpfonf? uav;onf v#ifjrefpGm }uD;xGm;+yD;/ tm[m&"gwf trsm;tjym;onf
}uD;xGm;r_twGuf tvGef ta&;}uD;onf?
emrusef ; jzpf o l r sm;onf tk y f p k ( 3) pk p vk H ; rS tpm;tpmrsm;uk d pm;ok H ; ay;&ef vd k t yf o nf ?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh zsm;emaeolrsm;onf pm;aomufvpkd w d f r&S=d uojzif tvGet f E &W m,frsm;onf? vlemrsm;onf
y&dw k ed ;f "gw/f pGr;f tif"gwf ESihf oufapmif"h gwuf kd vkaH vmufpmG r&&Sd ygu ‚if;wk@d uk, d cf E<monf a&m*gukd ykrH eS t
f wdik ;f
ckcHEdkifrnf r[kwfacs? zsm;emonfh uav;rsm;onf vkHavmufpGm pm;aomufcsifpdwf r&Sdaoma=umifh
tm;enf;+yD;aoqk;H Ekid o f jzifh tvGet f E &W m,frsm;onf?
Oyrm 0rf;av#ma&m*g jzpfaeol vlwpfO;D onf tpmudk qufvufI pm;aomufae&rnf? ok@d r[kwf
v#if rdru d ,
dk cf E<monf a&m*gwu dk zf su&f ef pGr;f tif &SEd idk v
f rd rhf nf r[kwf acs? aumif;rGeof nfh tpm;tpmudk
qufvufI rpm;okH;ygu a&m*g oufomaysmufuif; &efvnf; ydkrdk cufcJoGm;vdrfhrnf jzpfonf?
tpm;tpmtkypf w k ckwnf;udk pm;ok;H jcif;jzifh use;f rmrnfr[kwf a=umif;udk od&&dS ef ta&; }uD;onf?
trsKd ;om;/ trsKd ;orD;ESihf uav;rsm; tp&So d nfw@dk onf use;f rmoefprG ;f pGm aexkid Ef idk &f ef twGuf
tpmtkyfpktm;vkH;rS tpm;tpmrsm;udk vdktyfonf?
“tpm;tpmtk y f p k E S i f h ygwf o uf o nf h t"d u tcsuf t vuf r sm;”

xrif ; tjyif tjcm;tk y f p k tm;vk H ; rS
tpm;tpmtcsKd @ uk d a&maES m pm;ok H ; ay;&ef óud ; pm;yg?
rSeu
f efaomtcsdK;jzifh tpm;tpm pm;ok;H jcif;
usef;rma&;twGuf u|Ekfyfwkd@onf tpm;tpmudk rSefuefonfh (yrm%) jzifh pm;okH;&ef vdktyfonf?
tm[m&"gwf wpfckcsif;pDukd u|Ekfyfwkd@rnfr#vkdtyfoenf;? vkHavmufr_ &Sdr&Sd rnfuJhokd@ ajymEldifoenf;?
y&dw
k ed ;f ESihf ygwfoufonfh txl;tcsuftvufrsm;
y±kdwdef;wGif ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;&Sdonf? yxr trsKd;tpm;onfwd&p>mefrsm;rS &&Sd+yD;/ tjcm;wpfrsKd;rSm
tyifrsm;rS &&Sdonf?
wd&p>mefrS &&Sdonfh y±kdwdef;ukd pm;okH;v#if u|Ekfyfwkd@ ukd,fcE<mrS csufcsif;tokH;ðyEkdifojzifh
u|Ekfyfwkd@cE<mukd,ftwGuf taumif;qkH; y±kdwdef;"gwfjzpfonf? uav;rsm; ykHrSef}uD;xGm;&eftwGuf
aumif;rGefonfh y±kdwdef;"gwfukd vkdtyfonf?

tyifrsm;rS &&So
d nfh y±kw
d ed ;f "gwu
f dk u|Eyfk w
f @dk cE<muk,
d rf S tok;H ðyEkid &f eftwGuf rSeu
f efonfh enf;jzifh
aygif;pyfpm;okH;&rnf? tyifrsm;rS aumif;rGefonfh y±kdwdef;"gwfudk &&Sd&eftwGuf atmufyg twdkif;
aygif;pyfpm;okH;&ef vkdtyfonf?
7
xrif; š yJrsm;
(ok@d )
pm;awmfyJ š xrif;
(ok@d )
yJrsm; š aygirf e_ @f
(ok@d )
xrif; š ajryJ
aumif ; rG e f o nf h y±k d w d e f ; "gwf t wG u f

xrif ; (ok d @ ) *sKH u k d yJ / ajryJ w k d @ jzif h a&mI pm;ok H ; yg?
ADwmrif/ owWK"gwfrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom aemufxyftcsuftvufrsm;

usef;rma&;twGuf tvGefta&;}uD;aomfvnf; ‚if;wkd@ukd u|Ekfyfwkd@ukd,fcE<mrS tenf;i,fr# om
vdtk yfonf? atmufygw@kd onf ta&;}uD;aom ADwmrifEiS o
hf wWK"gwrf sm;wk@d . tao;pdwf tcsuf tvufrsm;
jzpfonf?
ADwmrif at (A)
vk y f a qmif c suf
AD w mrif at onf u|Ek f y f w k d @ uk d , f c E< m twG u f tvG e f t a&;}uD ; onf ? txl ; ojzif h u|Ek f y f w k d @ .
rsupf rd sm;twGujf zpfonf? ADwmrif atonf cE<mud, k tf wGuf t"du vkyaf qmifay;o!fh tcsuf (3)csuf
&Sdonf?
⋅ rsufpdusef;rmoefpGrf;&eftwGuf ESifh aumif;rGefpGmjrifEdkifa&; twGuf

taxmuftulðyonf? (txl;ojzifh ntcsed w f iG )f
⋅ ckct
H m; ykrH eS t
f vkyv
f yk Ef ikd af &;ESihf a&m*grsm;rS óudwifumuG,f Edik &f ef twGuf
ta&;}uD;onf?
⋅ uav;rsm; }uD;xGm;zGH hòzd;&eftwGuf tvGefta&;ygonf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 191

tpm;tpmrsm;
ADwmrif atyg0ifonfh tpm;tpmrsm;ukd uJjG ym;jcm;em;onfh
tpm;tpmrsm;rS &&SdEdkifonf? tcsdKŒaom wd&p>mefrS &&Sdonfh tpm;
tpmESifh tyifrsm;rS awG@&Sd&onfh tpmtpmrsm;rS &&Sdonf?
atmufygtpm;tpmrsm;wGif &&SdEkdifonf?
⋅ toJ
⋅ =uufOrsm;
⋅ wd&p>mefEld@
⋅ rSnfhonfh oabFmoD; uJhokd@aom vdarRmf&ifha&mifESifh t0g&ifha&mif opfoD;rsm;
⋅ a&$z±kH uJhokd@aom vdarRmfa&mif opfoD;rsm;
⋅ [if;ElEG,f/ ukdufvef uJhokd@aom pdrf;&ifha&mif t&Guftm;vkH;
⋅ rdcifEld@&nf
u|Ekfyfwkd@ cE<mukd,frS ADwmrif at udk tokH;ðyEldif&eftwGuf ‚if;ukd

tqDtcsK@d EiS hf a&mIpm;ok;H ay;&rnf? xk@d a=umifh ADwmrif at yg0ifaom
tpm;tpmudk csufðyyfpm;okH;aomtcgwGif tqD"gwfyg0if aom tpm
okd@r[kwf pm;qDtenf;i,f xnfhI csufðyyfpm;okH;&ef ta&;}uD;onf?

ADwmrif bD0rf; (B1) odr‹k [kwf odik &f mrif;
vk y f a qmif c suf
ADwmrif bD trsKd ;tpm; trsKd ;rsKd ;&So
d nf? ADwmrif bD0rf; udk odik &f mrif;
[kac:onf? ADwmrif bD0rf;onf tm±kHa=umESifh ºuGufom;rsm; v_yf&Sm;r_ 7
twGuf tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
xdk@tjyif u|Ekfyfwkd@ pm;okH;o!fh umbdk[kduf+'dwfrS pGrf;tifrsm; &&Sd
vmap&eftwGuf taxmuf tul ðyay;onf? Oyrm umbk[ d u
dk +f 'dw"f gwf
yg0ifaom xrif;ukd trsm;tjym; pm;okH;ygu u|Ekfyfwkd@ cE<mudk,fonf
ADwmrif bD0rf;udk ydrk kd vdt
k yfrnf jzpfonf?
tpm;tpmrsm;
ADwmrif bD0rf;udk tpm;tpm trsm;tjym;wGif awG@&SdEkdifonf? txl;ojzifh 0ufom;ESifh yJt
rsKd;rsKd;rsm;wGif &&SdEdkifygonf?
ADwmrif bD0rf; awG@&SdEkdifonfh tjcm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;rSm -

⋅ ukvm;yJESifh tjcm;aomyJtrsdK;rsdK;
⋅ axmif;qef
⋅ ajryJ
⋅ tom;rsm;
⋅ Orsm;
qefwGif ADwmrif bD0rf; trsm;tjym; yg&Sdonf? odk@aomf qefukd jzLpifatmif }udwfaxmif;ygu

ADwmrif bD0rf;rsm; aysmufuG,f qkH;±kH;oGm;rnfjzpfonf?
uGr;f ESihf vBu&f nfukd pm;ok;H jcif;jzifh ADwmrif bD0rf; ysupf ;D oGm;onfudk od&&dS ef ta&; }uD;onf?
tu,fI xrif;pm;aepOfESifh xrif;pm;+yD;v#if +yD;csif; ‚if;wkd@ukd csufcsif; pm;okH;v#if ADwmrif bD0rf;
ysufpD;Ekdfifonf?
oif p m;vk d u f o nf h tpm;tpmrS AD w mrif bD 0 rf ; uk d trsm;qk H ; &&S d E k d i f & ef t wG u f

xrif ; pm;+yD ; tenf ; qk H ; (1 - 2)em&D = umcef @ apmif h q k d i f ; +yD ; rS o m
uGrf; okd@r[kwf vBufukd okH;pGJyg?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 193

ADwmrif pD (C)
vk y f a qmif c suf
ADwmrif pD onf ta&jym;/ oGm;zk;H ESihf tqpfrsm;udk zGŒH òzd;ap&eftwGuf ta&;}uD;onf? ADwmrif
pD onf u|Eyfk w f @kd cE<mud,
k rf sm;tm; tumtuG,af y;&mwGif tvGet f a&;}uD;onf? txl;ojzifh acsmif;qk;d
jcif;/ tat;rdjcif;ESifh tjcm;ul;pufwwfonfh a&m*grsm;udk ckcHwdkufzsuf&mwGif jzpf+yD;/ ("g;&Sjcif;/ rD;avmif
jcif;)rsm; ponfhtemrsm;ukd jyefvnfjyifqifay;onf?
ADwmrif pD onf tvGet f a&;}uD;onfh owWK"gwjf zpfaom oH"gwu f kd u|Eyfk w
f @dk cE<mud,
k rf S tok;H ðy
Ekdif&ef taxmuftulay;onf?
tpm;tpmrsm;
ADwmrif pDukd vwfqwfaom [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ESifh opfoD;rsm; tm;vkH;wGif &&SdEdkifygonf?
okd@aomf csOfaom t& om&Sdo!fh opfoD;rsm;ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;wGif tjrifhrm;qkH;yg0ifonf?
Oyrm -
⋅ vdarRmfoD;
⋅ oHyk&moD;
⋅ u|JaumoD;
⋅ rmvumoD;
⋅ c&rf;csOfoD;
⋅ oabFmoD; (tpdrf;)
⋅ o&ufoD; (tpdrf;)
⋅ tmvl;
oH"gwf
vk y f a qmif c suf r sm;

oH"gwfonf cE<mudk,frS oefrmaom aoG;udk xkwfvkyf&mwGif vnf;aumif;/ aoG;udk usef;rm
oef @ &S i f ; o!f h tajctaewG i f wnf & S d a eEd k i f & ef t wG u f taxmuf t ul ð yay;aom
owW K "gwf w rsd K ; jzpf onf ? oH " gwf o nf cE< m ud k , f wck v k H ; od k @ atmuf p D * sif r sm;
vnfywf&&SdEkdif&eftwGuf aoG;rSwqifh o,faqmifay;Ekdif&ef taxmuftulay;onf?
oH"gwu
f dk tpm;tpmtrsK;d tpm; ESprf sK;d jzpfaom wd&p>mefrS &&Sd onfh tpm;tpmESihf tyifrsm;rS
&&So
d nfh tpm;tpmrsm;rS &&Sd onf?

wd&p>mefrS &&So d nfh oH"gwo f nf u|Eyfk w
f @dk cE<muk,
d rf S tok;H ðy&ef
vG,u f +l yD;/ tyifrsm;rS &&So
d nfh oH"gwo f nf u|Eyfk w f @dk cE<muk,
d rf S
tok;H ðy&ef cufcf o J nf? oufowfvw G f pm;olw@dk onf oH"gwu f dk
vkHavmufpGm &&SdEkdif&ef cufcJonf? 7
xd@k a=umifh oH"gwf rsm;pGmyg0ifaom tpm;tpmrsm;udk rsm;rsm;
pm;ok;H ay;&ef ta&;}uD;onf? tu,fI u|Eyfk w f @dk onf ADwmrif
pD"gwf ygaom tpm;tpmrsm;ukd oH"gwyf gonfh toD;t&Gurf sm;
ESifh a&mpm;v#if u|Ekfyfwkd@ cE<mukd,fonf oH"gwfudk vG,fulpGm
tokH;ðyonf?
tpm;tpmrsm;
uav;i,fw@kd onf (4v rS 6v) t&G,t f xd oH"gwuf kd rdcifE@kd &nfr&S &So
d nf? xd@k aemuf uav;.
tpmwGif oH"gwyf gaom tpm;tpmudk x!fo h iG ;f au|;ay;&ef vkt
d yfonf? tb,fa=umifh qkad omf rdcif.
vpOf "rRwma=umifh aoG;rsm; qkH;±_H;&onf? qkH;±_H ;oGm;o!fh oH"gwfrsm;udk jyefvnf tpm;xdk;ay;&ef
vdktyfonf?
oH"gwftajrmuftrsm; yg0ifaom tpm;tpmrsm;rSm -

⋅ tom; ( tom;rsKd ;pk/H txl;ojzifh toJ/ ESv;Hk / ausmufuyf/ 0ufom;/ =uufom;/ bJom;/ trJom;
pojzifh)
⋅ yJtrsdK;rsdK;
⋅ Orsm;
⋅ ig;
⋅ tpdrf;&ifha&mif [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;
tdik t
f 'kd if;
vk y f a qmif c suf r sm;

tdik t
f 'kd if;onf uav;rsm;}uD;xGm;zGŒH òzd;vmjcif;/ u|Eyfk w
f @dk cE<mud,
k rf S pGr;f tif"gwu
f kd tok;H ðyjcif;ESihf
cE<mudk,fukd aEG;axG;pGm xm;&Sdjcif;/ 0jcif;ESifh ydefjcif;/ u|Ekfyfwkd@ OD;a%Smuf zGHŒòzd;jcif; tp&Sdonf wkd@udk
ae&mwusjzpfatmif ðyjyifxdef;n‡day;onf?
tpm;tpmrsm;
tdkiftdk'if;onf yifv,fESifheD;o!fh ae&mwGif pdkufysdK;aom tpm;tpm
rsm;ESihf xdt
k pm;tpm rsm;udk pm;ok;H o!fh wd&p>mefrsm;rS wqifh &&Sod nf? tb,f
a=umifh qdak omf rsm;pGmaomvlw@dk onf yif v,fEiS hf a0;uGmonfh awmifay:a'o
rsm;wGif aexdkif=uojzifh tkdiftkd'if;udk vkHavmufpGm &&SdEdkifrnf r[kwfay?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 195

tdkiftdk'if;udk &&SdEdkifo!fh taumif;qkH; enf;vrf;rSm tdkiftdk'if;yg0ifaomqm;ud
omqm; k okH;pGJ&efjzpf
onf? tpm;tpmcsufðywfpm;okH;&mwGif tdkiftkd'if;yg0ifaomqm;udk tokH;ðy&ef aocsmatmif vkyf
aqmifyg? tu,fI tdkiftdk'if;yg0ifaomqm;udk r&&SdEdkifygu aomufokH;a& ESifhqm;rsm;xJokd@ tdkiftdk'if;
t&nf (tpuf) rsm;x!fhoGif;I pm;okH;oifhonf?
xk;H "gwf
vk y f a qmif c suf
xkH;"gwfonf cdkifrmaomt&dk;ESifh oGm;rsm;wnfaqmuf&mwGif tvGefta&;}uD;+yD;/ uav;rsm;
ykHrSefzGH‹òzd;}uD;xGm; vmap&eftwGufvnf; tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
tpm;tpmrsm;
taumif;qkH;tpm;tpmrSm ig;uav;rsm;udk t&dk;ygpm;okH;jcif; ESifh Edk haomufjcif; wdk@jzpfonf?
tjcm;yg0ifaomtpm;tpmrsm;rSm -
⋅ tpdrf;&ifha&mif [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;
⋅ tpdr;f &ifah &mif t&Gurf sm;

tm[m&"gwf/ }uD;xGm;r+ESifh zG‹H òzd;wk;d wufr+
aumif;rGefonfh tm[m&"gwfonf uav;rsm; usef;rmpGm}uD;xGm;zGH@òzd;vmap&eftwGGuf r&Sdrjzpf
vkdtyfcsufjzpfonf?
touf(5)ESpfrS (5)ESpfatmuf&Sd uav;rsm;onf y±kdwdef;/ pGrf;tif/
ADwmrif ESihf owWK"gwrf sm; csK@d wrhJ _ a=umifh tm[m&"gwf csK@d wrhJ _ tcGit
hf vrf;rsm; 7
onf?
vlw@dk onf El@d p@dk uav;rS touft&G,}f uD;&ifvh monft h xdvnf;aumif;/
tm[m&"gwf/ }uD;xGm;r+ESifh zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufr+

uav;rS vl}uD;txdvnf; aumif; zGH@òzd;}uD;xGm;vmpOf uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh
tpmtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh yrm%rsm; vkdtyfonf? tb,fa=umifh qkdaomf uav;rsm;
}uD;xGm;vmpOf ‚if;wkd@ cE<mukd,frsm; ajymif;vJoGm;+yD;/ ‚if;wkd@. v_yf&Sm;
aqmif&Gufr_ yrm% rsm;onfvnf; ajymif;vJoGm;jcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?
trsKd ; orD ; rsm;onf v nf ; tu,f I ‚if ; wk d @ uk d , f 0 ef a qmif a e&pOf od k @ r[k w f uav;rsm;

Eld@wkdufaºuG;ae pOf tcsdefumvtay:rlwnf+yD; tm[m&"gwfrsm;twGuf txl;vkdtyfcsuf&Sdonf?
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom touft&G,rf sm;twGuf vkt

d yfaom tpm;tpm
El@d p@dk t&G,uf av;rsm; (0 - 6 v)

⋅ Tt&G,w f iG f rdcifE@dl &nf wpfrsK;d wnf;uko d m wkud af u|;ygu taumif;qk;H jzpfonf? ‚if;wk@d (4v rS
6v)xd TtpmwpfrsK;d wnf;uko d m vkt d yfonf?
⋅ rdcifEld@&nf aomufokH;aomuav;rsm;onf Eld@Al;aomufokH;aom uav;rsm;xuf ykdrkdusef;rmjcif;/
oefrmpGm }uD;xGm;jcif;ESihf zsm;emjcif; ykrd edk nf;yg;onf?
⋅ tu,fI rdcifonf uav;tm; El@d A;l wku d &f mwGif rdr.d vufrsm;/ El@d A;l rsm;ESihf a&rsm;ukd oef@oef@&iS ;f &Si;f
rðyvkyyf gu El@d A;l wku
d af u|;onfh uav;rsm;onf qk;d &Gm;onfh a&m*g&&S&d ef tcGit hf a&; ykrd rdk sm;jym;onf?
El@d p@dk t&G,u f av;rsm; (6v - tpmOD;)

⋅ touf 4v rS 6v t&G,o f @dk a&muf&o dS nfu
h av;rsm;onf uk, d v f ufvy_ &f mS ;r_ ykrd rdk sm;jym;vmojzifh
Eld@tjyif tjcm;tpm;tpmukd pm;okH;&ef ykdrkdvkdtyfonf? ADwmrifat(A) ESifhoH"gwfuJhokd@aom
ADwmrifrsm;ESifh owWK"gwfrsm;ukdvnf; vkdtyfonf?
⋅ Tt&G,w f iG f uav;rsm;onf El@d &nfudk vkt d yfonft
h jyif tjcm;tpm;tpmudv k nf; vkt d yfonf?
rdcifrsm;onf uav;rsm; tjcm;tpmrsm;ukd pwifpm;ok;H csed w f iG f
Eld@&nfukdvnf; qufvufwkdufau|;oifhonf?
⋅ uav;rsm;tm; tpm;tpmuk d ajz;ajz;csif ; ES i f h *±k w pk d u f
pwifau|;arG;oifo h nf? TtpmOD;rsm;onf oef@&iS ;f I El;nHah ysmh
ajymif;+yD;/ xrif;tjyif tpmtkypf k tm;vk;H yg0ifonfh tpmrsK;d pkEH iS hf
jznfph u
G af y;&rnf? El@d p@dk uav;rsm; El@d rpk@d rD tpmyrm% tenf;i,f
ukd au|;oifo h nf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 197

touf y k d & if h a om uav;rsm;
⋅ 2 ESpt f xuf toufy&dk ifah om uav;rsm;onf vl}uD;rsm;pm;ok;H onfh tpmESiq hf ifwal om tpm;
tpmukd vkt d yfonf? tpm yrm% uGjJ ym;jcm;em;Ekid o f nf? ok@d aomf tpmtrsK;d tpm;onf twlwl
yif jzpfonf? pGr;f tif tpm;tpmrsm;ESihf oufapmift h pm;tpmrsm;tjyif uav;rsm;onf y±kw d ed ;f
tpm;tpm ajrmufrsm;pGm vkdtyfonf?
⋅ owd&&dS ef ta&;}uD;onfrmS uav;rsm;pm;ok;H onfh tpm;tpmwGif tkypf t k m;vk;H rS tpm;tpmrsm;
yg0if&rnf? qkv d o dk nfrmS tcsK@d aom y±kw d ed ;f tpm;tpm/ tcsK@d aom pGr;f tiftpm;tpmESihf tcsK@d aom
ADwmrifrsm;/ owWK"gwrf sm; ponfw@dk udk uav;rsm; ae@pOf pm;ok;H &ef vkt d yfjcif;yifjzpfonf?
⋅ Eke,faom uav;rsm;onf vl}uD;rsm;xuf tpm;tpmukdydkI r=umc% pm;okH;&efvkdtyfonf?
wpf&ufv#if 5 }udrf od@k r[kwf 6 }udrf au|;arG;ygu taumif;qk;H jzpfonf? vl}uDrsm;onf wpf&ufv#if
2 }udrf - 3 }udro f m pm;ok;H &efvt dk yfonf?
uk,
d 0f efaqmifrcd ifEiS hf El@d wu dk rf cd ifrsm;
⋅ rdcifEiS hf uav;use;f rma&;twGuf txl; ta&;}uD;onfrmS uk, d 0f efaqmifrcd ifEiS hf El@d wu
dk rf cd ifrsm;onf
aumif;rGeo f nfh tm[m&"gwf &&S&d efjzpfonf?
⋅ tm[m&"gwf jynf0h aom rdcifonf uk, d 0f efaqmifpOfumvY uk, d t
f av;csed f tenf;qk;H (8 - 12)uDvdk
wk;d vmoifo h nf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf rdcifonf rdrtd wGuo f mru uk, d 0f eftwGi;f &Sd }uD;xGm;aeqJ
oaE<om;twGuyf g pm;ok;H ay;&jcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?
⋅ qkv d o dk nfrmS olronf ykrd pdk m;ok;H ay;&ef vkt d yfonf? txl;ojzifh oH"gwEf iS hf ADwmrifat(A) "gwf
yg0ifonfh pGrf;tiftpm;tpm/ y±kdwdef;tpm;tpmESifh oufapmifhtpm;tpmrsm;jzpfonf?
⋅ El@d wudk rf cd ifonf uav;i,frsm;twGuf t&nftaoG;aumif;rGeaf om El@d &nfudk xkwv f yk af y;Ekid &f ef
tpm;tpm ykdrkdvkdtyfonfhtjyif t&nf ajrmufrsm;pGm wkd@ukdvnf; vkdtyfonf?
ykrH eS rf [kwaf om }uD;xGm;r_EiS hf zG@HG òzd;r_

⋅ ykHrSefr[kwfaom }uD;xGm;r_ESifh zGH@òzd;r_onf uav;rsm; }uD;xGm;&eftwGuf cE<mukd,fwGif jy\em
wpkw H pfc&k adS eonfudk qkv d o
dk nf? ok@d r[kwf tjcm;aom uav;rsm;uJo h @kd ykrH eS }f uD;xGm;&ef ‚if;wk@d .
t&nftaoG;wGif wpfpw Hk pfck tcuftcJ&adS eonfukd qkv d o dk nf?
⋅ uav;rsm;. rnfonfb h 0 tqifq h ifw
h iG rf qkd ykrH eS rf [kwaf om }uD;xGm;r_EiS hf zG@H òzd;r_udk jzpfay:aponfh
ta=umif;&if; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf? rarG;zGg;rD ukd,f0eftwGif;&SdaepOf/ arG;zGg;+yD;aemuf okd@r[kwf
t&G,f a&mufcsed f ponft h csed rf sm;wGif tcuftcJ jy\emrsm; &SEd idk o f nf?
⋅ tm[m&"gwt f jyif ykrH eS rf [kwaf om }uD;xGm;r_EiS hf zG@H òzd;r_ jzpfay:aponfh tjcm;aom ta=umif;&if;
rsm;ukd wdwu d sus od&&dS ef tvGecf , J Of;onf?
⋅ tm[m&"gwaf =umifh ykrH eS rf [kwaf om }uD;xGm;r_EiS hf zG@H òzd;r_ jzpfay:Ekid o f nfudk u|Eyfk w f @dk od&o
dS nf?
rarG ; zG g ;rD
⋅ tu,fI rdcifonf tm[m&"gwcf sK@d wrhJ _ &Sad ejcif;/ od@k r[kwf ADwmrifrsm;ESihf tkid t
f 'dk if;uJo
h @dk aom
owWK"gwrf sm; vkaH vmufpmG r&&Syd gu?

arG ; zG g ;+yD ;
⋅ tu,fI uav;rsm;onf tm[m&"gwfcsKd@wJhr_ &Sdaejcif; okd@r[kwf ADwmrifrsm;ESifh owWK"gwfrsm;
vkaH vmufpmG r&Syd gu?
⋅ uav;rsm;wGif a&m*gy;dk 0ifjcif; ok@d r[kwf a&m*grsm; &Sjd cif;jzpfygu? 7
rdcifE@dl &nf tygt0if aumif;rGeo
f nfh tm[m&"gwof nf uav;rsm;ykrH eS }f uD;xGm;/ zG@H òzd;vmap&ef
tm[m&"gwf/ }uD;xGm;r+ESifh zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufr+

aocsmatmifðyvky&f mwGif ta&;}uD;qk;H tcsujf zpfonf?
tpmOD;
⋅ uav;rsm;twGuf rdcifEld@&nfonf taumif;qkH;jzpfonf? okd@aomf (4v rS 6v)aemufykdif;wGif
rdcifEld@&nf wpfckwnf;jzifhrvkHavmufawmhay?
rSeu
f efaom tcsed Ef iS hf rSeuf efaom enf;vrf;jzifh tjcm;tpm;tpmukd pwifau|;arG;yg?
⋅ 6 vom; t&G,w f iG f uav;rsm;ukd tjcm;tpm;tpmrsm;tm; pwifau|;arG;pOf El@d &nfudk qufvuf
wku
d af u|;yg?
⋅ Ttjcm;tpm;tpmrsm;ukd tpmOD;[kac:onf? Ttpmrsm;onf uav;tm;vk;H . use;f rma&;twGuf
tvGe@f tvGef ta&;}uD;onf?
⋅ vl@twkid ;f t0ef;wGif uav;i,frsm;tm; "avhx;Hk pHt& au|;arG;avh&adS om tpmOD;uk, d pf &D =dS uonf?
wpfcgwpf&H "avhx;Hk pHt& au|;arG;onfh tpmOD;wGif pGr;f tif/ y±kwd ed ;f ok@d r[kwf ADwmrifrsm; vkaH vmufpmG
ryg&o
dS jzifh uav;rsm;wGif tm[m&"gwcf sK@d wrhJ _ jzpfay:apEkid o
f nf? tu,fI ‚if;wk@d . tpmOD;rsm;ukd
*±kwpkdufESifh oef@oef@&Sif;&Sif; rðyjyifxm;ygu uav;i,frsm;onf 0rf;av#ma&m*g &&Sd&efvnf;
vG,u f o
l nf?
uav;oli,frsm;twGuf tpmOD;ukd jyifqif&mwGif rdbrsm;od&&dS ef txl;tcsut f vufrsm;?

⋅ tpmOD;rsm;wGif y±kw d ed ;f / pGr;f tif/ ADwmrifrsm;ESihf owWK"gwrf sm; yrm% tjrifrh m;qk;H yg0if&rnf?
⋅ uav;i,frsm;twGuf tpmOD;rsm;onf El;nHah ysmah jymif;+yD; tpma=uvG,&f rnf?
⋅ tpmOD;rsm;onf vwfqwf+y;D oef@&iS ;f Ekid o f r# oef@&iS ;f &rnf? tb,fa=umifq h adk omf uav;i,frsm;onf
vG,u f pl mG a&m*gy;dk 0ifEidk +f yD;/ zsm;emwwfonf?
⋅ tpmOD;onf ukeu f sre_ nf;+yD; jyifqif&mwGif vG,u f &l rnf?
tm[m"gwEf iS jhf ynfpo Hk nfh tpmOD;rsm;ukd a'ocHvw l @dk ykrH eS pf m;ok;H onfh tpm;tpmrsm;jzifh ðyvkyEf idk f
onf? Oyrm tpmOD;rsm;ukd atmufygypPn;f rsm;jzifh ðyvkyEf idk o f nf?
⋅ qefðyyf
⋅ tpdr;f &ifah &mif [if;oD;[if;&Guf
⋅ yJtrsK;d rsK;d
⋅ a&$z±kH
⋅ qD
⋅ =uufO/ bJOrsm;
⋅ oabFmoD;ESihf iSuaf ysmoD; uJo h @dk aom opfo;D rsm;
tcef; (7) tm[m& 199
tpmOD ; csuf ð yyf e nf ; (1)
(1) ZGef;wpfZGef;tjynfh&Sd yJ0gukd a&wGif em&Dtawmftwef=umatmif
pdrfxm;yg?
(2) qef ZGef;wpfZGef; okd@r[kwf ESpfZGef;/ a&$z±kHoD; wpfpdwf okd@r[kwf
ES p f p d w f E S i f h oef @ &S i f ; onf h csuf ð yyf x m;onf h a&wk d @ uk d a&mxnf h + yD ;
El;nhHaysmhajymif;vmonfhtxd ar$ay;yg?
(3) ‚if ; aemuf usuf + yD ; om; tpd r f ; a&mif [if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f r sm;ES i f h
qDtenf;i,fwkd@ukd jznfhxnfhyg?
(4) tu,fI oifw h iG f =uufO/ ig; ok@d r[kwf tom;&Syd gu xyfIjznfx h nfyh g? twltuG a&maESmxm;onfh
tpmukd tvGefel;nHhonfh txdcsufyg?
usuf + yD ; om;qef E S i f h yJ r sm;uk d v nf ; tok H ; ðyEk d i f o nf ? ok d @ aomf [if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f r sm;ES i f h
tom;rsm;ukdaumif;rGefpGm tylay;+yD; tvGefEl;nHhvmonfhtxd e,fay;yg?
tpmOD ; csuf ð yyf e nf ; (2)

(1) cGufwpfckxJwGif ZGef;wpfZGef;ukd tokH;ðy+yD; iSufaysmoD;ukd vkH;0El;nHhaysmhajymif;oGm;onfhtxd ES,fyg?
(2) ok@d r[kwf oabFmoD;pdwt f csK@d udk cGuwf iG f twlwuGa&mI xnf+h yD; ZGe;f wpfZeG ;f jzifh vk;H 0El;nhH aysmah jymif;
oGm;onfh txd ES,af y;yg?
(3)oHy&m ok@d r[kwf vdarRm&f nfudk n‡px f nf+h yD; aumif;rGepf mG ar$ay;yg?

tm[m&csKd‹wJhjcif;
tm[m&"gwf csKd Œ wJ h j cif ; qd k o nf r S m tb,f e nf ; ?
u|Ekfyfwdk@onf qmavmifaom tcgwGif rdrdcE<mudk,f twGuftpm;tpm xyfrHjznfhxnfhay;&ef
vdt
k yf a=umif; azmfjyonfh vuQ%m wpfcjk zpfonf?
od@k aomf tu,fI u|Eykf w f @kd onf vHak vmufonfh tpm;tpm od@k r[kwf vHak vmufonfh tm[m& 7
"gwfrsm; r&Sdygu rnfodk@jzpfEdkifygoenf;?
tu,fI u|Efkyfwdk@onf tm[m&"gwfrsm;udk vHkavmufpGm r&&Sdygu u|Efkyfwdk@cE<mudk,fonf
tqDESifh ºuGufom;rsm;udk pwifacszsuf+yD; avmifpmtjzpf toHk;ðyonf? TuJhodk@ =um&SnfpGm jzpfygu
u|Efkyfwkd‹cE<mudk,fonf ydefcsKH;vm+yD;/ tqDESifh ºuGufom;wHk;rsm;udk qHk;±ªH;&onf?
rSeu
f efonfh tpm;tpm trsK;d tpm; vHak vmufpmG r&Syd gu
(odk@)
vHak vmufonfh tpm;tpm tcsKed =f umjrifph mG r&&Syd gu
tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh _
tm[m&"gwf csKdŒwJhr_onf jy\em trsKd;rsKd;udk jzpfay:apEdkifonf? uav;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;ygu

zsm;em+yD; aoqHk;oGm;Edkifonfh tvm;tvm&Sd+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@onf ynmavhvm oif=um;Edkifoifh oavmuf
avhvmoif=um;jcif; rðyEdkifay? vl}uD;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;ygu armyef;jcif;/ tvGefydefjcif;/ tvkyfvkyfEdkifpGrf;
r&Sd jcif;ESifh rdrdwdk@ uav;rsm;tm; ðypkapmifha&Smifhjcif;rsm; rðyvkyfEdkifay?
ta=umif;&if; trsm;tjym;onf tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh u _ kd jzpfay:apEdik o

f nf? ‚if;wd@k rmS -
⋅ tpm;tpm vHak vmufpmG rpm;oH;k jcif; od@k r[kwf rSeuf efonfh tpm;tpm trsK;d tpm;rsm;udk vHak vmufpmG
rpm;oH;k jcif;?
⋅ oefaumifa&m*g ul;pufjcif;?
⋅ wDb/D iSuzf sm;/ tqkwaf &mifa&m*gEiS hf 0rf;avsma&m*g ponfh tjcm;qd;k 0g;aom ul;pufa&m*grsm;?
⋅ uav;tm; rdcifrS tpm;tpm au|;ar$;yH?k
tcef; (7) tm[m& 201

uav;i,f w G i f tm[m&"gwf csKd Œ wJ h j cif ; &S d r &S d od & S d E d k i f o nf h tcsuf r sm;
⋅ uav;i,fonf }uD;xGm;r_ &yfwef@+yD; ud,k t f av;csKed f rwd;k jcif;?

⋅ uav;onf tm;tifr&Sjd cif;/ upm;vdo k nfh qENr&Sjd cif;?
⋅ vGeu f pJ mG tdyjf cif;?
⋅ r=umc% zsm;emjcif;?
⋅ aemufyikd ;f wGif uav;. ta&jym;&Gv
J mjcif;/ tvGeyf ed af jcmufvmjcif;ESihf
vltdkrsufemaygufjcif;?
wcgw&H uav;. ajcvufEiS hf rsuef mwd@k wiG f azga&mifaeonfukd awG@jrif&rnf?
tu,fI uav;wpfa,mufonf tpm;tpmudk

umv=um&Snpf mG yHrk eS pf m;oH;k jcif; r&Syd gu tvGet
f &yf ykEikd +f yD;/ yHrk eS }f uD;xGm;r_ r&Sad cs?
ADwmrifEiS hf owWK"gwf csKŒd wJjh cif;rsm;

ADwmrifEiS hf owWK"gwf csK@d wjhJ cif;rsm;onf tm[m& csK@d wrhJ .
_ tjcm;trsK;d tpm;jzpf+yD;/ ‚if;ta=umif;
od&&dS ef tvGet f a&;}uD;onf? ADwmrifEiS hf owWK"gwf csK@d wrhJ r_ sm;onf ADwmrifrsm;ESihf owWK"gwrf sm; yg0ifonfh
tpm;tpm rsm;udk pm;oH;k jcif; rðyjcif;a=umifjh zpfonf? uGr;f od@k r[kwf vBuaf &wd@k uJo h @kd aom ADwmrif"gwrf sm;udk
zsuq f ;D onfh tpm;tpmrsm; pm;oH;k jcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?
ADwmrif A
ADwmrif A csKd@wJhjcif;
cE<mud, k o f nf ADwmrif A yg0ifonfh tpm;tpmudk vHak vmufpmG r&&So d nfh tcg ADwmrif A csK@d wrhJ _
jzpfay:onf?
u|Eykf w
f @kd . tpm;tpmwGif ADwmrif A vHak vmufpmG r&&Syd gu u|Eykf w f @kd
rsupf t
d wGuf jy\em jzpfvmEdik +f yD;/ rsupf u d ,
G of nfh txd jzpfapEdik o
f nf?
AD w mrif A csKd @ wJ h o nf h uav;rsm;onf r=um r=um yd k r d k z sm;em+yD ;
aoqH;k onfh tvm;tvm ydrk &kd o dS nf? ADwmrif A vHak vmufpmG r&&So d nfh
uav;rsm;onf yHrk eS }f uD;xGm;r_ &Sv
d rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs?
uav;rsm;wGif ADwmrif A csKd@wJhr_ jzpfyGm;&ef txl;vG,fulonf?

AD w mrif A csKd @ wJ h r _ u d k rnf u J h o d k @ óud w if u muG , f r nf e nf ; ?
⋅ aumif;rGefonfh tm[m& - tpmtkyfpk tm;vHk;rS tpmwcsKdŒpDudk ae@pOfpm;oHk;jcif;/ ADwmrif A
jrifhrm;pGm yg0ifaom tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;oHk;jcif;/ tpdrf;&ifha&mif [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;/ vdarRmf
oD;rsm;/ vdarRmf&ifh a&mifopfoD;rsm;ESifh [if;oD; [if;&Gufrsm;/ vHkavmufonfh Edk@/ =uufOrsm; ESifh 7
toJ ponfw@kd ukd pm;oH;k jcif;?
⋅ ul;pufa&m*gjzpfymG ;ygu aq;0g;ukor_ cH,jl cif;/
⋅ aq;cef;rS ADwmrif A udk &,lo;kH pGjJ cif;/
ADwmrif B1
ADwmrif B1 csKdŒwJhjcif;
vlwpfOD;onf ADwmrif B1 yg&Sdonfh tpm;tpmudk vkHavmufpGm
pm;oH;k jcif; rðyonfh tcg ADwmrif B1 csK@d wrhJ j_ zpfay:onf? ‚if;udk b,f&b D ,f&D
(Beriberi) [kac:onf? b,f&Db,f&Donf vludk tm;enf;ap+yD;/ txl;ojzifh
ajcaxmufwGif tm;enf;aponf? Ekd‹pkd‹uav;rsm;wGif jzpfyGm;ygu emrusef;
jzpfvm+yD; tvGef vsijf refpmG aoqH;k oGm;Edik o f nf?
b,f&Db,f&D a&m*gonf xrif;trsm;pk oufoufom yg&Sdonfh
tpm;tpm/ odk@r[kwf xrif;pm; csdefwGif uGrf;ESifhvBuf&nf aomufoHk;jcif;
a=umifhvnf; jzpfyGm;aponf?
b,f&Db,f&Donf rsm;aomtm;jzifh trsKd;orD;rsm;/ uav;&Sdonfh
t&G,Ef iS hf ‚if;wd@k . Ed@k p‹dk uav; rsm;wGif ydrk jkd zpfymG ;onf? od@k aomf wpfcgwpf&H
wufºuGvy_ &f mS ;r_&o dS nfh vli,fa,musmF ; uav; rsm;wGif jzpfay:Edik o f nf?
ADwmrif B1 csKŒd wJrh u

_ kd rnfuo
hJ @kd óudwifumuG,o
f enf;?
⋅ aumif;rGeof nfh tm[m&"gwf - tpmtkypf k tm;vH;k rS wcsKŒd pDukd ae@pOfpm;oH;k jcif;/ yJtrsK;d rsK;d / axmif;qef/
0ufom;ESihf [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sK;d pHk ponfh ADwmrif B1 jrifrh m;pGm yg0ifonfh tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;oH;k jcif;?
⋅ uGrf;tvGeftu|Hpm;oHk;jcif;/ odk@r[kwf vBuf&nf tvGeftu|H aomufjcif;wdk@udk a&Smifyg? txl;ojzifh
xrif;pm;csdef odk@r[kwf xrif;pm;+yD;onfhaemufydkif; tcsdefrsm;ESifh eD;uyfpGm rpm;oHk;&ef jzpfonf?
ADwmrif C
ADwmrif C onf use;f rmonfh ta&jym;/ oGm;zH;k ESihf tqpfrsm;}uD;xGm; zG@òH zd;vmap&ef ta&;}uD;
onf? txl;ojzifh a&m*gy;kd 0ifEikd af om acsmif;qd;k jcif;/ tat;rdjcif;ESihf touf±v
ª rf;a=umif;ESihf rD;ylavmif onfh
'g%&f m tp&So
d nfh temrsm;udk jyefvnfðyjyif jyifqifay;&mwGif vnf;aumif; ta&;}uD; onf?
ADwmrif C csKdŒwJhjcif;
cE<mud,k rf S ADwmrif C yg0ifonfh tpm;tpmudk r&&So
d nft
h cg ADwmrif C "gwcf sKŒd wJrh j_ zpfay:onf?
ADwmrif C "gwcf sKŒd wJjh cif;udk pumAD (Scurvy) [kac:onf? pumADonf vlw@kd . oGm;zH;k udk a&mif&rf;I
aoG;xGufaponf? xdk@tjyif ‚ifwdk@. tqpfrsm;udk udkufcJaponf? pumADa=umifh toufaoqHk;Edkifonf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 203

ADwmwmrif C onf cE<mud, k rf S oH"gwu f kd toH;k ðyEdik &f ef taxmuftulay;ojzif/h ADwmrif C
vHak vmufpmG r&&Sad om olonf oH"gwuf ykd g csKŒd wJah pEdik +f yD; aoG;tm;enf;jcif;udk jzpfay:aponf?
AD w mrif C csKd Œ wJ h j cif ; ud k rnf u J h o d k @ óud w if u muG , f r nf e nf ; ?

aumif;rGeo f nfh tm[m& - tpmtkypf t k m;vH;k rS tpmwpfcsKŒd pDukd ae@pOfpm;oH;k jcif;/ vwfqwf+yD; ADwmrif
C yg0ifEkef; jrifhrm;onfh tpm;tpmrsm; jzpfaom opfoD;rsm;ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;/ toJ/ rdcifEdk@&nf
wdk@udk ae@pOf pm;oHk;jcif;?
oH"gwf
oH"gwo f nf cE<mud, k rf S oefprG ;f aom aoG;rsm;udk xkwv
f yk &f mwGif vnf;aumif;/ aoG;rsm; use;f rm
onfh tajctaewGi&f adS eEdik &f mwGiv f nf;aumif; taxmuftulay;aom owWKwpfrsK;d jzpfonf? oH"gwf onf
atmufp*D siu
f kd cE<mud,
k f wpfcv k ;kH aoG;rSwpfqifh o,faqmifay;&mwGif taxmuf tulay;onf?
oH"gwfcsKdŒwJhjcif;
⋅ oH"gwcf sKŒd wJrh u
_ kd aoG;tm;enf;jcif; [kac:+y;D cE<mud,
k rf S oH"gwv
f akH vmufpmG r&&So
d nft h cg jzpfay:onf?
⋅ aoG;tm;enf;aom olw@kd onf jzLzwfjzLa&mfjzpf+yD; armyef;pGm cHpm;&onf? aoG;tm;enf;jcif;onf
qd&k mG ;aom a&m*gwpfcjk zpfonf? tb,fa=umifh qdak omf vlw@kd twGuf tvkyv f yk Ef ikd of nfh pGr;f tm;udk
av#mhenf;apjcif;/ ‚if;wdk@udk tvGefyifyef;EGrf;ES,fapjcif;ESif; uav;rsm; pmoif=um;avhvmr_
Om%f&nfudk aES;auG;apjcif; ponfwdk@jzpfonf?
⋅ ud, k 0f efaqmif rdcifwiG f aoG;tm;enf;a&m*gjzpfymG ;ygu rdcifonf tvGef emruse;f jzpfjcif; od@k r[kwf
arG;zGm;csed w
f iG f aoqH;k oGm;Edik o
f nfh tvm;tvm&Sjd cif;ESihf arG;vmaom uav;onf ud, k tf av;csed f
rjynfhjcif; odk@r[kwf i,f&G,fpOfwGif apmvsifpGm aoqHk;Edkifjcif;wdk@udk jzpfay:aponf?
⋅ oH"gwfygonfh tpm;tpmrsm;udk rpm;oHk;jcif; odk@r[kwf iSufzsm; odk@r[kwf oHcsdwfaumif
a&m*grsm;&Sjd cif;a=umif; oH"gwcf sKŒd wJoh nfh aoG;tm;enf;a&m*g jzpfay:aponf? tu,fI ADwmrif C
"gwfygaom tpm;tpmrsm;ESifh a&mpm;v#if cE<mudk,fonf tpm;tpmrS &Sdaom oH"gwfudk ydkrdk
aumif;rGepf mG toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf?
oH " gwf c sKd Œ wJ h r _ u d k rnf u J h o d k @ umuG , f E d k i f o enf ; ?

⋅ aumif;rGefonfh tm[m& - tpmtkyfpk tm;vHk;rS wcsKdŒpDudk aepOfpm;oHk;jcif;/ oH"gwfjrifhrm;pGm
yg0ifaom tpm; tpmudk ADwmrif C ESihf wGzJ ufpm;oH;k jcif;/ tom;trsK;d tpm;tm;vH;k / pdr;f &ifah &mif
t&Guf&Sd [if;oD;[if;&Guf rsm;ESifh toJwdk@udk pm;oHk;jcif;/
⋅ 4 - v txuf t&G,&f u dS av;rsm;udk rdcifE@kd &nftjyif oH"gwyf g0ifaom tpm;tpmrsm;udk au|;yg?
xH k ; "gwf
xH;k "gwo
f nf oefrmonfh t±k;d rsm;ESihf oGm;rsm;udk wnfaqmuf&mwGif taxmuftulay;+y;D / }u;D xGm;r_
twGuf ta&;}u;D onf? u|Eykf w f @kd t±k;d rsm;onf xH;k "gwf tm;vH;k eD;eD;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;ojzifh t±k;d rsm;ðyvky&f ef
u|Eykf w
f @kd vHak vmufaom xH;k "gwv f t kd yfonf? 7
xH;k "gwcf sKŒd wJjh cif; h
⋅tu,fI uav;rsm;onf vHkavmufaom xHk;"gwfudk r&&Sdygu
yHrk eS }f uD;xGm;vdrrhf nf r[kwb f /J t&yfyk vdrrhf nf?
⋅tu,fI vl}uD;rsm;onf vHkavmufaom xHk;"gwfudk r&&Sdygu
‚if;wd@k . t±k;d rsm; vG,u f pl mG usK;d yJEh ikd o
f nf?
xH k ; "gwf c sKd ‹ wJ h r _ u d k rnf u J h o d k @ óud w if u muG , f r nf e nf ; ?

⋅t±kd;ygonfhig;/ tpdrf;a&mif [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ESifh Edk@tp&Sdonfh
xHk;"gwfygonfh tpg;tpmrsm;udk vHkavmuf pGmpm;oHk;yg?
⋅vrf ; av#muf j cif ; / tvk y f v k y f j cif ; / td r f o ef @ &S i f ; a&;ðyvk y f j cif ;
tp&Sdonfh avhusifhv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;udk ðyvkyfyg?
tdkiftdk'if;
tdik t
f 'kd if; csKŒd wJjh cif;
⋅ tdik t
f 'kd if;"gwf yg0ifaom tpm;tpmudk vHak vmufpmG rpm;oH;k
aom vlwpfO;D wpfa,muf. ud, k cf E<monf yHrk eS f tvkyrf vkyEf ikd af wmhyJ
tdik t
f 'kd if; csKŒd wJrh u
_ kd cHpm;&onf? ol. vnfyif;rSm}uD;vmrnf jzpf+yD;/
‚if;udk vnfyif;}uD;a&m*g[ak c:onf?
⋅ vnfyif;}uD;a&m*gonf txl;ojzifh trsKd;orD;i,frsm;ESifh
uav;&&SdEdkifonfh trsKd;orD; t&G,fwdk@twGuf tE W&m,f&Sdonf?
tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf udk,f0efaqmifpOfumvtwGif; oaE<om;/
arG;uif;p uav; od@k r[kwf Ed@k p@kd uav;wd@k . OD;a%Smufz@G òH zd;r_ukd xdcu kd f
apEdkifaoma=umifh jzpfonf? tcsKdŒjzpf&yfrsm;wGif tu,fI udk,f0ef
aqmif rdcifwiG f vnfyif;}uD;a&m*g &Syd gu oaE<om;onf om;tdrt f
wGif; aoqHk;oGm;vdrfh rnf? odk@r[kwf touf&SifvsufarG;vmygu
uav;onf tav;csdef rjynfhjcif;/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh ±kyfydkif; qdkif&m
jy\emrsm;&Sdwwfonfudk awG@&wwfonf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 205

uav;wpfO;D onf pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m csKŒd ,Gi;f r_a=umifh 'kuw
Qd jzpfomG ;ygu
Ttaetxm;udk uko l Edik o
f nfh enf;vrf;r&Sad y?
⋅od@k aomf tdik t

f 'kd if;udk yifv,fteD;tem;wGif pduk yf sK;d xm;onfh oD;ESyH ifrsm;ESihf yifv,ftpm;tpmrS
&&So d nf? tu,fI u&ifeD vlrsK;d uJo h @kd aom awmifay:a'owGif aexdik =f uolrsm;onf tdik t f 'kd if;
csKdŒwJhr_ tvm;tvm rsm;onf?
td k i f t d k ' if ; csKd Œ wJ h r _ u d k rnf u J h o d k @ óud w if u muG , f E d k i f o enf ; ?

⋅tdik t f 'kd if; a&mxm;onfh qm;udk toH;k ðyyg/
⋅oifu, kd w f ikd f a& od@k r[kwf qm;xJo@kd tdik t f 'kd if; jznfx h nfyh g?
oif.&yf&mG twGi;f tm[m&"gwf csKdŒwrhJ u

+ kd &SmazGaz:xkwjf cif;
oif . rsuf p d r sm;ud k toH k ; ðyjcif ;
oifu
h av;rsm;. tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh _ vuQ%mudk teD;uyf apmif=h unfh avhvm&rnf?
*±kwpdu
k f avhvmapmifah &Smifh =unf&h rnfh tapmydik ;f vuQ%m tcsKŒd rsm;rSm-
⋅pdpd w f a epd w f x m;ajymif ; vJ j cif ; - tm[m&"gwf csKd Œ wJ h o nf h uav;rsm;onf òyH ; &G i f r _ r &S d j cif ; /
jrL;aysmo f nfh toH rðyvkyjf cif;/ aerxd xdik rf om pdwt f aESmuft,Sujf zpfykH ay: jcif;/
⋅v_
v_ y f & S m ;r_ a jymif ; vJ j cif ; - tm[m&"gwf csKd Œ wJ h o nf h uav;rsm;onf v_ y f & S m ;r_ e nf ; jcif ; /
vrf;rav#mufvjkd cif;/ rupm;vdjk cif;/ ydrk I
kd tdyvf jkd cif;/ xdik x
f rðyvkyv
f jkd cif;/ ausmif;od@k oGm;vdpk wd f
r&Sdjcif;/
⋅yHyHkyef;¾mefajymif;vJjcif; - tm[m&"gwf csKdŒwJhonfh uav;rsm;onfydkI ydefvmjcif;/ aysmf&Gifr_
r&SdyHkay: jcif;/ tjcm;&G,fwl uav;rsm;uJhodk@ t&yfr&Snfjcif;/ armyef;jcif;ESifh =uufrsufpd oifhjcif;
ponfh ADwmrifESifh owWK"gwfcsKdŒwJhr_ vuQ%mjy\emjyojcif;/
oif. OD;a%Smufukd toH;k ðyjcif;

vlwdk@onf uav;rsm;twGuf rnfonfh tpm;tpmrsm;&&SdEdkifonfudk avhvm=unfh±_Œyg? tu,fI
vHkavmufonfh tpm;tpmr&&Sdygu odk@r[kwf xrif;wpfrKd;wnf;om&Sdv#if rdom;pkonf tm[m&"gwf
csKdŒwJhEdkifonfh tvm;tvm &Sdonf? rdcifrsm;onf ‚if;wdk@. uav;rsm;tm; rnfuJhodk@ au|;ar$;onfudk
apmif=h unfah vhvmyg?
oif&h yf&mG twGi;f tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh u _ kd óudwifumuG,jf cif;

tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh u
_ kd t+rw
J ef; tumtuG,f ray;Edik af cs? vl}u;D rsm;ESihf uav;rsm;wd@k wiG f tm[m&"gwf
jzpfaponfh ta=umif;&if; trsm;tjym;&So d nf? ‚if;wd@k rmS -
⋅tpm;tpm vHak vmufr_ r&Sjd cif;/
⋅rSeu f efonfh tpm;tpm trsK;d tpm; vHak vmufr_ r&Sjd cif;/
⋅tpm;tpmrsm;tydkudk 0,f,l&ef aiGa=u;vHkavmufpGm r&Sdjcif;ESifh pm;oHk;oD;ESHyifrsm;pdkufysKd;&ef
ajrae&efvHkavmufr_r&Sdjcif;/
⋅zsm;emjcif;/
⋅wpfae&mrS wpfae&modk@ ajymif;a&GŒaexdkif&jcif;/
⋅uav;i,frsm;tm; Edk@jzwf+yD; xrif;udkom au|;ar$;jcif;/
rnfo@kd yif jzpfap&yf&mG vlxrk sm;tm; tm[m&"gwf csKŒd wJrh u
_ kd tumtuG,af y;Edik &f ef bmvkyEf ikd o
f nfukd 7
em;vnfoabmayguf&eftwGuf tultnDay;&ef ta&;}uD;onf?
&yf&mG pdu
k yf sK;d a&;ESihf tm[m& pDru
H ed ;f ( CAN) onfuserf ma&;ESin
hf !
D w
G o
f nfh tpmrsm;udk rnfuo hJ @kd
pdkufysKd;Edkifonfudk oif=um;jyojcif;/ rnfonfh tpm;tpmonf pm;oHk;&ef ta&;}uD;a=umif;udk ‚if;wdk@
tm;&Sif;vif;jyojcif; ponfwdk@jzifh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;tm; tultnDay;Edkifonf?
&yf & G m pd k u f y sKd ; a&;ES i f h tm[m& pD r H u d e f ; vk y f o m;rsm;onf

oif h & yf & G m twG i f ; &S d tm[m&"gwf csKd Œ wJ h r _ u d k
óud w if t umtuG , f ay;&ef ul n D a y;Ed k i f o nf ?
rSwfpkrsm;
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tcef; (7) tm[m& 207

tpm;tpmukd udkifwG,fjcif;/ okad vSmifjcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;
tpm;tpmudk rpm;okH;rD rnfuJhokd@ csufðyyf udkifwG,fjcif;onf tm[m&"gwfyg0ifr_ tay:
}uD;rm;onfh oufa&mufr_ &SEd idk of nf? ukid w f ,
G jf cif;qko
d nfrmS tpm;tpmukd rnfuo hJ @dk qGwcf ;l onf/ rnfuo
hJ @dk
jyifqifcsuf ðyyfonfEiS fh rnfuo hJ @dk xm;&Sd okad vSmifonf tp&So d nfw@dk udk qkv
d o
dk nf?
tpm;tpmudk vk_H cHK/ oef &h iS ;f pGm xm;&Sjd cif;
oef@&iS ;f vkòH cHonfh tpm;tpmwGif atmufygt&mrsm; ryg0ifoifah y?

⋅ qdk;&$m;aom bufwD;&D;,m;ydk;
⋅ yg&mqd'k f (oefaumifOrsm;/ tzk tusw d rf sm;)
⋅ tqdyt f awmufrsm;
⋅ tE W&m,fjzpfapaom "gwkypPnf;rsm; (ydk;owfaq;)
qdk;0g;aom bufwD;&D;,m;ydk;rsm;onf 0rf;av#ma&m*g

od@k r[kwf ykrd q
dk ;kd 0g;onfh zsm;emr_rsm;ukd jzpf apEdik o
f nf? txl;ta&;
}u;D onfrmS uav;rsm;. tpmwGif Tqk;d &$m;onfh bufw;D &D;,m;yd;k
rsm;ESihf uif;a0; ap&efvt kd yfonf?
uyfyg;yk;d onf tlord t

f rl rsm;wGif aexkid Ef idl +f yD; tcsed t
f awmf=um=um zsm;emr_udk jzpfapElid o
f nf?
tqdyfrsm;ESifh ab;Oyg'f jzpfapaom "gxkaq;0g;rsm;onf 0rf;av#ma&m*g / atmhtefjcif;/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh
uifqm wkd@ukdvnf; jzpfay:apEdkifygonf?
bufw;D &D;,m;yk;d ESihf uyfyg;yk;d rsm;udk tpm;tpmqDo@dk o,faqmifomG ;onfh t&mrsm;rSm -

⋅ vufrsm;ESihf rpift!‡pt f a=u;rsm;/
⋅ ,ifaumifrsm;/ yd;k [yfrsm;ESihf tjcm;aomyd;k r$m;rsm;
⋅ ºuGufrsm;/ =uufrsm;ESifh tjcm;aom wd&p>mefrsm;
⋅ !‡paf yaeaom td;k cGu/f yef;uefjym;rsm;

tpm;tpmrsm; rnfuo
hJ ‹dk vk_H cHKr+ uif;rJv
h m&oenf;?
⋅ vlw@dk tpm;tpmjyifqif&mwGif vl ok@d r[kwf wd&p>mef rpifrsm; yg&o dS nfah &udk tok;H ðyjcif;?
⋅ tpm;tpmrsm;udk rjyifqifrD vufrsm;ukd raq;a=umjcif;?
⋅ tpm;tpmudk raq;a=umbJ ok@d r[kwf tcGrH E$mbJ tpdr;f vku d f pm;ok;H jcif;? 7
⋅ tpm;tpmukd npfywfayaeaom tk;d cGurf sm;wGif xnfx h m;jcif;?
⋅
tpm;tpmukd ukid fwG,fjcif;/ okad vSmifjcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;

ajray:/ =urf;ay:usomG ;onfh tpm;tpmudk pm;ok;H jcif;?
⋅ csuðf ywf+yD; tpm;tpmudk tzk;H vkaH tmif rzk;H tkyjf cif;?
⋅ tpm;tpm a&mif;cso!fhae&m/ csufðywfo!fhae&m/ pm;okH;onfhae&m/ ,ifaumifrsm;ESifh tjcm;
ykd;r$mrsm; &Sdaejcif;?
⋅ vlw@kd .t!Spt f a=u; rpifrsm;ukd pepfwus rSeu
f efpmG rpGe@f ypfjcif;? ,ifaumifrsm;/ ºuGurf sm;
tp&So d nf wk@d EiS hf xdawG@Eidk jf cif;?
⋅ tcGrH monfh toD;tESrH sm;ESihf tjcm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;ukd rSeu f efpmG tajcmufrvSr;f jcif; od@k r[kwf
pGwpf adk ejcif;?
⋅ v,form;rsm;onf ykd;owfaq;rsm;ukd tvGeftu|H tokH;ðyjcif;?
rvk_H cHKaom tpm;tpm. tEWm&,fvuQ%mrsm;
⋅ teH q h ;kd jcif; - csOaf om/ ykyo f ;kd aom/ omrefteH@r[kwo f nfh
teH@rsm;?
⋅ ykHrrSefaomt&om - tufqpf/ csOfaomt&om/
uapmft&om?
⋅ tpm;tpmay:wG i f r_ d w uf j cif ; - rsuf p d j zif h ok d @ r[k w f
t&omjzifh od&EdS ikd o f nf?
⋅ tom; - aysmhtdaejcif;/ qkd;&$m;aom ta&miftqif;
ok@d r[kwf teH &Sjd cif;?
⋅ ig; - rsupf rd sm;rGjJ cif;/ aysmt h od nft h om;/ a=u;cGrH sm;
eJ@aejcif;?
⋅ pkx
d idk ;f jcif; ok@d r[kwf pkad ejcif; (tu,fI tajcmufvrS ;f v#i)f yJrsm;/ i±kyo
f ;D rsm;?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 209

tpm;tpmrsm;. n‡pfnrf;r+rsm;ukd rnfuJhokd‹ óudwifumuG,frnfenf;?
⋅ oef@&iS ;f aom a&udk tok;H ðy+yD; tpm;tpmrsm;udk aq;a=um csuðf ywfyg?

⋅ rcsuðf yyfrED iS hf tpm;tpmrpm;rD vufrsm;udk qyfjymjzifh aq;a=umyg?
⋅ rcsufðywfrDESifh csufðywf+yD;aemufwGif tpm;tpmukd zkH;tkyfxm;yg?

⋅ tpm;tpmudk usuaf tmif aumif;rGepf mG csuðf yyfyg?
⋅ tpmrpm;rDESifh tpmpm;+yD;wkdif; yef;uefrsm;ESifh ZGef;rsm;ukd aq;a=umyg?
⋅ tpm;tpmteD;w0du k wf iG f acsmif;qd;k jcif;/ wHawG;axG;jcif; od@k r[kwf qHyifuw
k jf cif; wd@k ukd rðyvkyyf gEiS ?hf
⋅ tpm;tpm jyifqifcsed Yf ESmacgi;f ayguEf u

_d jf cif; od@k r[kwf vufacsmif; rsm;udk vsujf cif; ponfw@kd ukd
rðy vkyyf gEiS ?hf
⋅ ajray:/ =urf;jyifay:od@k usomG ;aomtpm;tpmudk rpm;ygEiS hf ok@d r[kwf yxr aumif;rGepf mG pif=u,f
atmifaq;a=umyg?
⋅ tdrfomrsm;udk tokH;ðyyg? rpifrsm;udk ykd;r$m;rsm;ESifh rxdawG@ap&?

⋅ r_ d w uf j cif ; rS umuG , f & ef t wG u f yJ r sd K ;EG , f p k 0 if r sm;/ aumuf y J o D ; ES H r sm;ES i f h i&k w f o D ; rsm;uk d
aumif;rGepf mG tajcmufvrS ;f yg? ajcmufaoG@onfah e&mwGif okad vSmifxm;yg?
⋅ r_w
d ufaeonfh ajryJ ponfw@kd ukd ajraqG;ðyvkyrf nfh ypPn;f rsm;ESihf a&mI jznfx h nfyh g? rpm;ok;H ygEiS ?hf
7

okad vSmifjcif;ESihf jyifqifjcif;
jyifqif&mwGif ajymif;vJrr_ sm;

⋅ tpm;tpmudk ao;i,fonfh tykid ;f tpav;rsm; jzpfatmif vS;D jzwfv#if ADwmrifp(D C) qk;H ±_;H onf?
ok@d r[kwf rcsuðf yyfrD tcsed f tawmf=umxm;&Syd gu ADwmrifp(D C) qk;H ±_;H onf?
⋅ qefudk }udrzf efrsm;pGm aq;a=umygu ADwmrifb(D B) qk;H ±_;H onf?
odak vSmif&mwGif ajymif;vJrr_ sm;

⋅ tpm;tpmudk tcsed t f awmf=um okad vSmifxm;ygu ADwmrifp(D C) qk;H ±_;H onf?
⋅ tu,fI tpm;tpmrsm; ysupf ;D oGm;jcif;/ r_pd jJG cif; od@k r[kwf yd;k aumifrsm;rS pm;ok;H cH&v#if
tjcm;aom tm[m&"gwrf sm; qk;H ±_;H onf?
ok d a vS m if p Of E S i f h jyif q if c sd e f w G i f tm[m&"gwf qk H ; ±_ H ; r_ u k d rnf u J h o k d @ óud w if u muG , f r nf e nf ; ?
opfjr‡prf sm;ESihf opfOopfzrk sm; (tmvl;/ ajrmufO/ yDavmyDeH pojzif)h

ud k i f w G , f j cif ; ES i f h ok d a vS m if j cif ;
⋅ jcif;rsm;xJ xnfhI arSmif+yD; at;onfhae&mwGif okdavSmifxm;yg?
ok@d r[kwf av0ifavxGuaf umif;onfh pifay:wGif wifxm;yg?
⋅ *±kwpku d f pkaqmif;odr;f qnf;yg/ twGi;f a=u'%f&m ok@d r[kwf &S&m
r&Sad p&?
⋅ rnfonfh zkerf e_ @f rqkd oef@pifyg?
⋅ tan‡mufayguv f matmif rxm;ygEiS ?hf
tcef; (7) tm[m& 211

jyif q if j cif ;
⋅ zkerf e_ @f rsm; z,f&mS ;&ef tcGrH sm;tm; wku
d cf |wyf g?
⋅ yg;v$mpGm vS;D jzwfyg/ &G,w f l twk;H uav;rsm; &atmif vS;D jzwfyg?
⋅ a&yrm% tenf;i,fjzifh csujf yKwfyg?
pm;ok;H oD;ESrH sm; (qef/ qef§*sKrH e_ @f / aygirf e_ f )h
udkifwG,fjcif;
⋅ ajcmufaoG‹oef@&Sif;pGmxm;yg? tdk;cGuf/ yvyfpwpftdwfrsm;ukd zkH;xm;yg?
⋅ at;I ajcmufaoG@onfah e&mwGif odak vSmifxm;yg?
jyifqifjcif;
⋅ qefukd wpf}udrw f nf;om aq;yg?
⋅ xrif;csu&f mwGif }udrzf efrsm;pGm rarGygEiS ?hf
⋅ tjcm;tpm;tpmrsm; csufðyyf&mwGif ykdaom qefaq;&nf§
xrif;&nfw@dk udk tok;H ðyyg?
yJtrsdK;rsdK;/ tcGrH mtoD;rsm; (yJrsm;/ ajryJ/ yJveG ;f pojzif)h
ud k i f w G , f j cif ;
⋅ tcGrH uJaG tmif ajryJrsm;ukd *±kwpku
d f Elw,
f yl g?
⋅ rodak vSmifrD aumif;rGepf mG oef@pif+yD; tajcmufvrS ;f yg?

⋅ zkerf e_ @f rsm;ukd z,f&mS ;yg?
⋅ oef@&iS ;f ajcmufaoG@onfh ',ft;dk ok@d r[kwf tzk;H ygonfh zef§pOfh
tk;d rsm;wGif okad vSmifxm;yg?
⋅ yJveG ;f rsm;ukd qDEiS vhf ;l I odak vSmifxm;Edik o
f nf? (yJveG ;f wpfuv
D kd
v#if qDwpfZeG ;f tjyif oef@&iS ;f ajcmuf aoG@onfh jymESihf a&myg)
jyifqifjcif;
⋅ csuðf yyfcsed w
f adk wmif;ap&eftwGuf rcsuðf yyfrD yJajcmufrsm;ukd a&wGipf rd x
f m;yg? csuðf yyfaom tcg
pdrxf m;onfh a&ukd tok;H ðyyg?

[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm; (tpdrf;&ifha&mif t&Gufrsm;)

ud k i f w G , f j cif ;
⋅ [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;ukd eHeufapmapm od@k r[kwf rGe;f vGaJ emufyidk ;f wGif qGwcf ;l yg?
⋅ odkavSmifjcif;udk a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf vdktyfo!fhtcsdefwGifom qGwfcl;yg?

⋅ at;o!fah e&mwGif odak vSmifxm;yg?
⋅ yifpnfyidk ;f rsm;ukd a&xJwiG pf rd +f yD;/ t&Gurf sm;udk iSuaf ysm&GuEf iS hf zk;H tkyx
f m;yg?
⋅ a*:zD/ yJawmif&h n S Ef iS hf ocGg;rsm;ukd odak vSmifjcif;rðyrD a&rpdak pygEiS ?hf ‚if;wk@d onf v#ijf refpmG ykyo
f ;dk vdrhf
rnf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 213

jyif q if j cif ;
⋅ vS;D jzwfjcif; rðyvkyrf D aumif;rGepf mG oef@pifyg?
⋅ t&G,t f pm;tv,ftvwf (tavmawmf) avmufwiG v f ;DS jzwfyg/ rao;vGe;f ygapESi?hf
⋅ vSD;jzwf+yD;ygu csufcsif;csufðyyfyg?
⋅ rcsuðf yyfrD a&xJwiG f pdrrf xm;ygEiS ?fh
⋅ a& od@k r[kwf qDyrm% tenf;i,fjzifh El;o!fth xdcsuðf yyfyg? od@k aomf tpdr;f a&mif/f t0ga&mif
awmufajymifqJ &Sad e&rnf?
⋅ El;o!fhtxdomcsufðyyfyg? odk@r[kwf ESyfcsufjcif;ESifh pGyfðyyfrsm; ðyvkyfEkdifonf?

⋅ ADwmrifat(A) ydrk &kd &S&d eftwGuf qDyrm% tenf;i,fx!fI h csuðf yyfyg?
⋅ tk;d udk t+rJwrf;tzk;H vkaH tmif zk;H tkyx
f m;yg?
⋅ taphrsm;udk odr;f xm;I pm;ok;H yg? aumif;rGepf mG aq;a=um+yD; tajcmufvrS ;f yg? Al;xJwiG f okad vSmifxm;
yg?

opfoD;0vHrsm; (a&SmufoD;/ rmvumoD;/ oabFmoD;/ o&ufoD;)
ukdifwG,fjcif;
⋅ yGef;yJhjcif;ukd óudwifumuG,f&ef *±kwpkduf qGwfcl;udkifwG,fyg? 7
⋅ opfo;D rsm;w0ku d f av0ifavxGuaf umif;+yD; at;aomae&mwGif odak vSmifyg?

jyifqifjcif;
⋅ qGwfcl;+yD;v#if +yD;jcif; pm;okH;yg?
⋅ oH"gwf ydrk &kd &Sad p&eftwGuf oH"gwjf rifrh m;pGmyg0ifonfh tpm;tpmESihf a&mpm;yg?
wd&p>mefr&S &Sad omtpm;tpmrsm; (trJom;/ =uufom;/ Orsm;)
uk d i f w G , f j cif ;
⋅ tok;H ðy&ef tqifoifh rjzpfcsed wf iG f zk;H tkyx
f m;+yD; at;onfah e&mwGif xm;yg?
⋅ Orsm;udk aumif;rGepf mG oef@pif+yD; at;o!fah e&mwGif okad vSmifxm;yg?
jyifqifjcif;
⋅ tom;rsm;ESihf [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm; vS;D jzwf&eftwGuf oD;oef ph Of;eDw;Hk rsm;ukd tok;H ðyyg?
⋅ tom;/ ig;/ =uufrsm;ukd udkifwG,f+yD;aemuf vufrsm;udk tpOfojzifh pif=u,fpGmaq;a=umyg?
⋅ tom;udk El;o!ft h xdomcsuyf g? od@k aomf aumif;rGepf mG usuaf tmif csu&f rnf?
⋅ ig;rsm;udk tvGefºuGyfqyfqyf jzpfvmonfhtxd rcsufygESifh El;onfhtxdom csufyg?
tpm;tpmtm; ðyvkyef nf; tqifq

h ifEh iS hf toifjh yifqifxm;jcif;
vltrsm;onf tpm;tpmrsm;udk vkHòcHpGmESifh tcsdef=umjrifhpGm tokH;ðyEkdif&eftwGuf ðyvkyfenf;
tqifhqifhESifh toifhjyifqifxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm; &&Sd&ef qEN&Sdonf? odk@aomf tpm;tpmrsm;udk
tqifoifðh yvky+f yD; toifjh yifqifxm;onfh tcg ajymif;vJrr_ sm;ESihf tm[m&qk;H ±k;H r_rsm; jzpfay:ekid o f nf?
tpm;tpmrsm;udk qGwcf ;l csed Ef iS hf pm;ok;H csed rf sm;t=um; ta&;}u;D onfh ADwmrif"gwrf sm;ESihf owWKK"gwrf sm;
trsm;tjym; qk;H ±_;H Edik of nf? Tqk;H ±_;H r_rsm;ukd av#meh nf;vmap&eftwGuf enf;vrf;rsm;&So d nf?
tpm;tpm ðyvkyfenf;tqifhqifhonf tpm;tpmrsm;ukd xdef;odrf;&ef okd@r[kwf xm;okd&mwGif
a&&Sncf &H ef ðyvkyjf cif;jzpfonf? tpm;tpm ðyvkyef nf; tqifq h ifu
h dk atmufygtwkid ;f ðyvkyo
f nf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 215

⋅ tqdyftawmufrsm; odk@[kwf tjcm;qdk;0g;onfht&m0wˆKrsm;udk z,f&Sm;jcif;?
⋅ tpm;tpmudk ukdifwG,f&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ =um&SnfpGm okdavSmif&mwGifvnf;aumif; vG,ful
ap&ef?
⋅ tpm;tpmudk jyifqif&mwGiv f nf;aummif;/ csuðf yyf&mwGiv
f nf;aumif; vG,u
f al p&ef?
⋅ tpm;tpm. t&omydrk akd umif;rGeaf p&ef?
⋅ tpm;tpmukd vG,u f pl mG acszsuEf idk &f ef?
tpm;tpmðyvkyef nf; tqifq

h if.
h enf;pepfrsm;
tajcmufvSrf;jcif; (aea&mifjcnf odk@r[kwf t&dyfatmuff/ yvyfpwdwftdwfatmuf)
vkyfaqmifykH
⋅ tpm;tpmwGif yg&o dS nfh a&udk z,f&mS ;yg?
⋅ bufw;D &D;,m; ESihf tjcm;t&mrsm; }u;D xGm;jcif;rS umuG,af y;jcif;? (Oyrm/ yJ ESihf i&kwo
f ;D ay: Y bufw;D
&D;,m;yd;k ESihf rdp_ jJG cif; )
⋅ tpmtpmrsm; qkd;&$m;,kwfnHhvmjcif; okd@r[kwf pm;okH;&ef roifhawmfonfhtxd jzpfoGm;jcif;ukd
umuG,af y;jcif;?
⋅ tpmaumif;rGefpGm a=uvG,fap&eftwGuf tyifrsm;tm; acszsufay;jcif;?
tajcmuf vSr;f xm;onfh tpm;tpm. erlemrsm;

⋅ iSufaysmajcmuf/ i&kwfoD;ajcmuf uJhokd@aom tajcmufvSrf;xm;onfh toD;ajcmufrsm;?
⋅ a&$z&kH&Gufajcmuf uJhokd@aom tajcmufvSrf;xm;onfh t&Gufrsm;?
⋅ ukvm;yJuo hJ @dk tajcmufvrS ;f xm;onfh yJrsm;?
⋅ trJajcmufuo hJ @dk aom tajcmufvrS ;f xm;onfh tom;?

tr+H‹ }udwfjcif;
vk y f a qmif y k H
⋅ rsm;aomtm;jzifh aumufyo J ;D ESrH sm;ukd tr_@H }udwaf vh&odS nf? 7
⋅ aumufyo J ;D ESH rsm;. tay:,HtcGu H kd z,f&mS ;ypfjcif; od@k r[kw
k f

tr_@H jzpfatmif}udwjf cif;?
tr_ H @ }ud w f x m;onf h tpm;tpm erl e mrsm;

⋅ jzLatmif}udwx f m;onfq
h ef
⋅ yJ0grsm;
⋅ qefEiS hf yJr@H_ rsm;
tcsOfwnfjcif;/ qm;a&pdrfjcif;ESifh oeyf ðyvkyfjcif
vkyfaqmifykH
⋅ rsm;aomtm;jzifh [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;/ ig; ESihf tom;wd@k ukd
tcsOwf nf+yD; pm;ok;H =uonf?
tcsOfwnfjcif;
⋅ aumif ; rG e f o nf h buf w D ; &D ; ,m;rsm;onf tpm;tpmtwG i f ; wG i f
jynfah e+yD; t&omESihf zG@J pnf;yku
H dk ajymif;vJonf? qd;k 0g;onfh bufw;D &D;,m;
rsm;onf }uD;xGm;&ef ae&mr&Sday?
⋅ xkwfvkyfonfh tcsOf"gwfonf bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;. }uD;xGm;r_udk
aES;auG;aponf?
qm;a&pdrjf cif;ESihf oeyf ðyvkyjf cif;

⋅ qm;onf tpm;tpmrS a&rsm;ukd z,f&mS ;ypfojzifh bufw;D &D;,m;rsm; qm;&nfwiG f }uD;xGm;Edik jf cif;
r&Sad y?
tykw/f tcsOw
f nf/ qm;pdrf ESio
hf eyfvyk x
f m;aom tpm;tpm erlemrsm;
⋅ ig;yd/ ykZeG if g;yd/ ( ºuGuyf /d zg;yd pojzifh )

⋅ qm;jzifh tcsOw f nfxm;aom rk! H i‡ ;f csOf
⋅ qm;odyx f m;onfh ig;
tcef; (7) tm[m& 217

ta!Smufaygufapjcif;
vkyfaqmifykH
⋅ yJaphrS okd@r[kwf taphrsm;rS tyifpdrf;uav;rsm; }uD;xGm;vmap&ef ðyvkyfjcif;?
tan‡mufayguo f nfh tpm;tpm erlem

⋅ yJwpD rd ;f jzifh ðyvkyx
f m;onfh yJyifaygurf sm;?
csufðywfjcif; (tpm;tpmrsm;tm; umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef enf;vrf; )

vkyfaqmifykH
⋅ tpm;tpmrsm;udk zsuq f ;D o!fh bufw;D &D;,m;ESihf tJeZf ikd ;f (rf)rsm;udk aoapjcif;?
⋅ tpmukd pm;Ekid &f efEiS hf a=uvG,af p&ef acszsuaf y;onf?
csufðywfenf;rsm;. erlemrsm;
⋅ ðywfjcif;ESifh ESyfxm;jcif; - tpm;tpmudk qlaoma&yljzifh csufðyyf+yD;aemufwGif a&ukd oGefypfjcif;
okd@r[kwf tpm;tpmukd a&jzifh csufðyyf+yD; t&nfyg pm;okH;jcif;?
⋅ aygif;jcif; - tpm;tpmxJokd@ a&pdrfh0ifoGm;&ef vkdtyfonfh a&yrm%jzifh csufðyyfjcif;?
⋅ a=umfcsufjcif; - tpm;tpmukd qDyljzifh csufðyyfjcif;?

⋅ uifpm;jcif; - tpm;tpmudk xif;rD; odk@r[kwf rD;aoG;rD; tay:wGifwifI uifpm;jcif;?

tpm;tpmðyvkyfenf; tqifhqifha-umifh tm[m&"gwfrsm; rnfuJhodk hysufpD; odk‹r[kwf
ajymif;vJoGm;apEdkifygoenf;
7
tajcmufvSrf;jcif;a=umifh ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;

⋅ tpm;tpmtwGi;f &Sd rsm;pGmaomADwmrif pD(C) ESihf ADwmrif at(A) tcsK@d ukd zsuq
f ;D onf?
tm[m&"gwf r sm;ud k rnf u J h o k d @ xd e f ; od r f ; umuG , f r nf e nf ; ?

⋅ opfo;D rsm;ESihf [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;ufkd v#ijf refpmG tajcmufvrS ;f yg?
⋅ ADwmrif at(A) jrifrh m;pGm yg0ifaomtpm;tpmrsm;udk qlyu G af eaom a&aEG;twGi;f wGif (2) rdepfcef@
pdrfxm;+yD; t&dyf atmufwGif tajcmufcHyg?
tr_H@}udwfjcif;a=umifh ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;
⋅ tcsKd ah om tqD"gw/f y&dw dk ed ;f "gwf ESihf rsm;pGmaom tr#i"f gww
f @kd onf tpm;tpmrS z,f&mS ;ypfonf?
⋅ tpm;tpmtwGi;f &Sd aumf"gw(f upD) tcsK;d udk jrifw h ifay;onf?
⋅ tcsK@d aom ADwmrif bD(B)"gwrf sm; txl;ojzifh bD0rf;(B1)ukd tpm;tpmrS z,f&mS ;ypfonf?

⋅ tdrfvkyfypPnf;rsm;jzifh }udwfxm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;onf ADwmrif"gwfrsm;udk ydkrdkodrf;qnf;xm;
Edik o
f nf?
tcsOf w nf j cif ; / qm;&nf p d r f j cif ; / oeyf ð yvk y f j cif ; a=umif h ajymif ; vJ j cif ; rsm;
⋅ tpm;tpm. qm;"gwyf g0ifru _ kd ykrd dk jr‡iw
hf ifay;onf?
⋅ tpm;tpmtwGi;f &Sd ADwmrif bD(B)"gwrf sm;udk jr‡iw hf ifay;onf?
⋅ tcsOfwnfjcif;onf oH"gwfESifh oGyf"gwfpkwf,lokH;pGJjcif;ukd jr‡ifhwifay;Ekdifonf?
tan‡mufaygufapjcif;a=umifh ajymif;vJjcif;rsm;
⋅ tpm;tpmtwGif; ADwmrif pD(C) udk jr‡ifhwifay;onf?
tcef; (7) tm[m& 219

csuf ð ywf j cif ; a=umif h ajymif ; vJ j cif ; rsm;
⋅ ADwmrif pD(C) "gwu f kd av#meh nf;vmapjcif; - tcsKd @rmS csuðf yyfonfh a&xJwiG f aysm0f ifomG ;+yD;/ tcsK@d rmS
a&aiG@jzifh ygomG ;onf?
⋅ tzk;H rygbJ =umjrifph mG ðyyfjcif;/ a=umfjcif;a=umifh ADwmrif at(A) "gwf av#meh nf;oGm;onf?
⋅ qDjzifh csuðf yyfpm;ygu ADwmrif at(A) jr‡iw hf ufvmonf?
⋅ oH"gwyf g0ifonfh tpm;tpmrsm;ukd ADwmrif pD(C) ESihf a&mcsujf cif; ok@d r[kwf a&mpm;ygu cE<mud,
k f
twGuf oH"gwyf rkd kd jr‡iw
hf ufvmaponf?
⋅ a&yrm% tenf;i,fomx!fI
h [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;udk csuðf ywfyg?
⋅ csufðyyfaepOf ADwmrif"gwfrsm;udk xdef;odrf;xm;&eftwGuf tkd;ukdzkH;tkyfxm;yg?
⋅ csuðf yyfxm;onfh [if;oD;[if;&Guf t&nfrsm;ESihf xrif;&nfrsm;ukd tjcm;aom tpm;tpmrsm;

csuðf yyf&mwGif tok;H ðyyg? ADwmrif"gwrf sm;onf t&nfxw J iG f &Sad eonf?
⋅ cE<mud,k tf wGuf oH"gwu f kd jr‡iw
hf ifEidk &f ef oHy&k moD;/ refusn;f oD; od@k r[kwf ADwmrif pD(C)
yg0ifonfh opfo;D rsm;ukd tok;H ðy+yD; tpm;tpmrsm;ESiahf &mpm;yg?

rSwfpkrsm;
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tcef; (7) tm[m& 221

rSwfpkrsm;
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8
8
tcef; 8/ t&if;tjr‡pfrsm;
cufqpft"dy`g,f &Sif;vif;csuf
uk;d um;onfh pmtkyfrsm;
tcef; 223
cufqpft"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;csuf
pum;vk;H rsm; t"dyg` ,f &Si;f vif;csuf
tcsOf"gwf "gwkaA' t&m0xWK wpfckjzpf+yD;/ pH wefzdk;onf 7³0 xufomI

ACID enf;onf? tief"gwfESifh qef@usifbuf jzpfonf? ( tufppfygonfh
tpm;tpmonf tcsOf"gwf&Sdonf/ Oyrm- oHy&moD;)
tief"gwf "gwak A' t&m0xWK wpfcjk zpf+yD;/ pH wefz;kd onf 7³0 xufyI dk rsm;onf?
ALKALI tcsO"f gwEf iS hf qef@usib
f uf jzpfonf? xH;k ausmufEiS hf qyfjymtrsK;d tpm;
trsm;tjym; tm;vHk;wdk@onf tief"gwf taysmhpm; t&m0wˆK ypPnf;
rsm;jzpfonf?
opfyifrsm;t=um;pkdufysKd;jcif; tusK;d ðy tyifrsm; od@k r[kwf opfyifrsm;t=um; oD;ESyH ifrsm;tm; pdu

k yf sK;d jcif;?
ALLEY CROPPING
wpfESpfcHyif ESpfpOfwpfESpftwGif; }uD;xGm;vmonfhtjyif taphrsm; xkwfvkyf+yD;/

ANNUAL aoausysupf ;D oGm;onfh tyifrsm;? Oyrm - rHn
k if;onf wpfEpS t
f wGi;f
taphrsm;xkwv f yk o
f nf?
jym t&m0xWKwpfckck rD;avmif+yD;aemuf usef&pfcJhonfh rGJajcmufajcmuf

ASH od@k r[kwf trnf;a&mifypPn;f ? Oyrm - xif;jym/ rD;aoG;jym/ xif;jymonf
tief"gwf taysmph m; ypPn;f wpfcjk zpfonf? ‚if;wGif ydw
k ufp,D H (jym)"gwf
uJoh @kd aom tzd;k wef tm[m&"gwf trsm;tjym; yg0ifonf? ‚if;udk ysy;kd /
claumifrsm;uJhwdk@aom ydk;r$m;rsm;. wdkufcdkufr_ &efudk av#mhcsEkdif&ef
tyifrsm;. t&Gu/f yifpnfrsm;ay:od@k yufzse;f toH;k ðyEdik o
f nf?
qGJaqmifonf tu,fI t&m0xWKwpfcck o k nf tjcm;t&m0xWKwpfct k m; qGaJ qmifygu

ATTRACT qGJaqmifcH&onfh t&m0xWKonf xdkt&m0xWKqDodk@ ykdrdkeD;uyfpGm
oGm;a&muf&ef tvd&k o
dS nf? Oyrm - yef;rsm;onf ysm;rsm;udk qGaJ qmif&ef
twGuf 0wfre_ f &So
d nf?
bufwD;&D;,m; tvGeaf o;i,fonfh ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm; jzpf+yD; t%k=unfrh eS b f v

D ;l jzifo
h m
BACTERIA jrifEikd o
f nf? tcsK@d aom bufw;D &D;,m;rsm;onf 0rf;avsmjcif;uJo h @kd aom
a&m*gud k jzpf a pojzif h qd k ; Ek d i f o nf ? tcsKd @ rS m aumif ; rG e f o nf h
bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;jzpfonf? tb,fa=umifh qkdaomf ‚if;wdk@onf
aoausysuf p D ; oG m ;onf h t&m0xW K rsm; tm; acszsuf & mwG i f
taxmuf t ul ð yay;+yD ; / tm[m&"gwf r sm;tm; ajrqD v $ m wd k @
jyefvnfjznfx h nfah y; onf? u|eyf w f @kd . tpmtdrx f w J iG f aumif;rGeo f nfh
buf w D ; &D ; ,m;rsm; &S d o nf ? u|ef y f w d k @ tm; tpmacszsuf &mwG i f
taxmuftul ðyonf?
umAkd[kduf+'dwf"gwfaygif; tpm;tpmwGif yg0ifonfh t&mjzpf+yD;/ ‚if;wdk@rS vl/ tyifrsm;ESifh
CARBOHYDRATE wd&p>mefrsm; pGr;f tif"gwu
f kd &&So
d nf? o=um;/ qef/ [if;oD;[if;&Gurf sm;/
uefpGef;Orsm; tm;vHk;wdk@wGif umAGef[dkuf'&dwf"gwfaygif; yg0ifonf?
umAGef"gwf ae&mtES@H tjym;wGif awG@&EdS ikd +f yD; ouf&ydS pPn;f rsm;tm;vH;k vke;D yg;twGuf
8
vdktyfonfh j'yfpifwpfckjzpfonf? rD;aoG;onf umAGef"gwf 90 μ
cufqpf t"dy`g,f &Sif;vif;csuf

CARBON
ausmyf g0ifonf?
"gwkypPnf; rnfonfh j'yfpif odk@r[kwf j'yfpifa&m wpfckckonf "gwkaA'qdkif&m

CHEMICAL "gwðf yr_wiG f yg0if+y;D / tjcm;aom ypPn;f rsm;tm; ajymif;vJay;jcif; od@k r[kwf
t&m0xWKypPnf;rsm; ðyvkyfay;Ekdifonfh j'yfpif jzpfonf? (a&. yHkao
enf;onf H2O jzpfonf? [du k 'f &k*d sijf 'yfpif ESpv
f ;kH ESihf atmufp*D sif j'yfpif
wpfv;kH yg0ifonf?)
&$HŒap; ajrqDv$mwGifyg0ifzGJ@pnf;xm;onfh tao;i,fqHk;aom tr_eftr$m;

CLAY uav;rsm;jzpfonf? ausmufaqmif rsm;ESihf ajrqDvm$ rsm; wdu k pf m;cH&ojzifh
oJ r sm;ES i f h ajraqG ; ajrrsm;wd k @ . tyk d i f ; tpuav;rsm;onf tvG e f
ao;i,fonfh tr_et f r$m; jzpfvm+yD; &G@H ap;udk zG@J pnf;wnfaqmufonf?
&G@H ap; tydik ;f tp uav;wpfc. k t&G,t f pm;onf 0³002 rDvrD w D mxuf
ao;i,fonf?
npfnrf;aponf t&m0xWK odk@r[kwf ae&mtcsKd@onf tE Wm&m,f&Sdonf? tb,f

CONTAMINATED a=umifhqdkaomf qdk;&Gm;aom bufwD;&D;,m;/ Adkif;&yfa&m*gydk;/ odk@r[kwf
"mwkypPnf;rsm;a=umifh jzpfonf? Oyrm - jrpfwpfacsmif;onf 0ufacs;
a=umifh npfnrf;r_ jzpfapEkdifonf? ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk toHk;ðyjcif;jzifh
aumufyo J ;D ESyH ifrsm;udk npfnrf;ap Ekid o
f nf?
uGefwkdrsOf; v,f,majrrsuef mjyif tus,t f 0ef; yHo

k ¾ef/ ajryHw
k pfcak y:wGif yg&o
dS nfh
CONTOUR rsO;f rsm;jzpf+yD;/ uke;f ajr. tedrhf tjrifuh dk jyoonf?
aumufyJoD;ESH vlrsm;pm;oHk;&ef tpm;tpm tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ wd&p>meftpm;tpm

CROP tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ a&mif;cs&ef od@k r[kwf ajrqDvm$ ydrk akd umif;rGeaf tmif
ðyvky&f eftwGuf u|eyf w
f @kd pdu
k yf sK;d onfh tyifrsm;? ( Oyrm - pm;oH;k &efEiS hf
a&mif;cs&efpyg;)
aqG;jrnfhysufpD;onf wjznf;jznf;ao;i,fonfh tydkif;tpuav;rsm;wdk@ ausysufoGm;onf?

DECAY yk y f o d k ; onf od k @ r[k w f aqG ; jrnf h onf [k a c:onf ? (Oyrm -
ZD 0 tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm; aqG ; jrnf h y suf p D ; oG m ;onf h t cg ‚if ; wd k @ onf
tcef; (8) t&if;tjr‡pfrsm; 225
El;nHah ysmah jymif; vm+yD;/ qd;k &Gm;onfh tESx
H u
G af y:vmonf? ‚if;aemuf
ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd jyefvnfa&muf&+dS yD; ajrqDvm$ ydrk dk aumif;rGev
f matmif
ðyvkyfonf? bufwD;&D;,m;ESifh "mwk "gwfðyr_rsm;onf aqG;jrnfh
ysupf ;D r_twGuf tvGet f a&;}uD;onf?
odyfonf;r_ ae&m/ a'owpfcw k iG f &Sad om t&m0xWKrsm; od@k r[kwf vlrsm;. ta&

DENSITY twGu?f (Oyrm - 'kuo Q nf pcef;rsm; wGif tdraf jcrsm;onf tvGejf rifo
h nfh
odyfonf;r_&SdEdkifonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf vltrsm;tjym;onf
ae&mwpfae&mwnf;wGif twlwl aexkid =f u&onf?
tema&m*g bufw;D &D;,m;/ Adik ;f &yfy;kd / npfnrf;r_ od@k r[kwf csK@d wohJ nfh tm[m&"gwrf sm;
DISEASE a=umifh jzpfay:vmonfh aexdik rf aumif;r_wpfcjk zpfonf? ouf&t dS zG@J tpnf;
rsm;tm;vH;k onf tema&m*g pGu J yfr_ jzpfay:Edik o f nf?
+'yfpif "mwk ypPn;f wpfcjk zpf+yD; t%kjrLwpfrsK;d jzifo h m zG@J pnf;xm;onf? (Oyrm
ELEMENT - [du
k 'f &k*d si/f Edu
k x
f &k*d si/f atmufp*D si/f cJ/ umAGet
f p&So d nfw@kd jzpfonf?
pGrf;tif ae/ a&/ av/ umAGeftp&Sdonfwdk@rS qif;oufvm+yD; t&m0wWKrsm;

ENERGY tvkyv f yk Ef ikd &f ef ðyvkyaf y;onfh pGr;f &nfjzpfonf? aerS vmonfh pGr;f tif
udk aea&mifjcnf pGrf;tif[kac:onf?
wkdufpm;jcif; ajrqDvm$ ESihf ausmufw;kH rsm;wd@k onf ao;i,fonfh tydik ;f tpuav;rsm;

EROSION tjzpf ausysuo f mG ;+y;D a& od@k r[kwf avrS a0;&m t&yfo@kd o,faqmifomG ;
onfh enf;vrf;jzpfonf?
taiGŒysHjcif; t&nfwpfco k nf taiG@wpfco k @kd ajymif;vJomG ;onft

h cg Oyrm - a&ql
EVAPORATION yGuaf eonft
h cg a&aEG;aiG@tjzpfo@kd ajymif;vJomG ;onf?
prf;oyfcsuf tao;pdwfaom enf;vrf;jzifh t&m0xWKrsm;udk ðyvkyfaqmif&Gufonfh

EXPERIMENT tcg rnfuo hJ @kd jzpfay:vmrnfukd od&dS Edik &f ef twGuf pdwu
f ;l pdwo
f ef;
okd@r[kwf awG@&Sdcsufwpfckudk oufaojyEdkif&ef twGuf ðyvkyfonfh
ppfaq; csufwpfckjzpfonf?
jyifyY&Sdaom tjyif b uf j zpf o nf ? twG i f ; buf r [k w f y g? twG i f ; usaom.

EXTERNAL qef @ usif b uf j zpf o nf ? t&m0xW K wpf c k c k o nf tjcm;wpf a e&mrS
a&muf&v dS monf? a'ow0du k w
f iG f rawG@&EdS ikd af cs?

ajrqD=oZmxufoefaom ajrqD=oZm xufoefonfh ajrqDvm$ rsm;wGif tm[m&"gwf tajrmuft
FERTILE rsm;ESihf jrifrh m;onfh xGuEf e_ ;f rsm;udk jzpfay:aponfh t%kZ0D tzG@J tpnf;
rsm; yg0ifonf? txGufaumif;onfh wd&p>mefrsm;onf aygufzGm;Ekdif+yD;
usef;rmoefpGrf;onfh taumifaygufrsm;udk ar$;xkwfay;onf? 8
ajr=oZm tyifrsm;udk ydrk adk umif;rGepf mG zG@H +zdK;}uD;xGm;vmap&eftwGuf tm[m&"gwf

FERTILIZER rsm; jrifwh ifay;Ekid &f ef vltrsm; ajrqDvm$ ay:od@k od@k r[kwf ajrqDvm$ xJo@kd
jznfxh nfah y;onfh 0xWKypPn;f wpfcf jk zpfonf? ajr=oZmwGif tkypf k ESppf &k o dS nf?
obm0ajr=oZmrsm;ESihf "gwk ajr=oZmrsm;jzpfonf? obm0 ajr=oZmrsm;
udk wd&p>mef/ [if;oD; [if;&Guf odk@r[kwf owWKypPnf;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyf+yD;
v,form;rsm;ud, k w f ikd ðf yvkyEf ikd o
f nf? "gwk ajr=oZmrsm; wGif [du k 'f &k*d si/f
rD;pke;f ponfh tyif. tajccHtm[m&"gwrf sm;yg0if+yD; obm0 udk wkI
puf&rHk sm;wGif xkwv f yk of nf? "gwak jr=oZmrsm;wGif tyif. tm[m&"gwf
rsm; tm;vH;k ajrqDvm$ use;f rm}uH@cikd af tmif ðyvky&f ef taxmuftul
ðyay;onfh bufw;D &D;,m; od@k r[kwf tjcm;aom tusK;d ðy tzG@J tpnf;rsm;
ryg0ifacs? "gwak jr=oZm trsm;tjym;udk toH;k ðyjcif;jzifh ajrqDvm$ rsm;wGif
ajrqD=oZm avsmeh nf;vmap+yD;/ qufwu kd t
f oH;k ðy&ef rjzpfEikd af cs?
wd&p>meftpm obm0t& wd&p>mefrsm;udk au|;ar$;&eftwGuf pdu k yf sK;d xm;onfh aumufyJ

FODDER oD;ESrH sm; od@k r[kwf tyifrsm;? (Oyrm- yljyif;onfh &moDwiG f u|EJ mG ;rsm;tm;
aumuf&;dk ajcmufrsm;udk tpmtjzpf au|;ar$;onf?
r_dowfaq; rdr_ sm;udk zsuq

f ;D onfh tqdyw
f pfcjk zpfonf?
FUNGICIDE
r_d &k;d &Si;f onfh tyifwpfrsK;d jzpf+y;D vsijf refpmG }u;D xGm;onf? tyifrsm;/ t&Gurf sm;/
FUNGUS odk@r[kwf tpdrf;a&mif r&Sdacs? rd_rsm;onf aqG;jrnfhjcif; oHo&mwGif
tvGet f a&;}uD;onf?
tan‡mufaygufaponf taphrsm; pwifay:ayguvf monft h cg uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh taph rsm;onf

GERMINATE uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh enf;rsm;jzifh ta!‡mufaygufvm=uonf? odk@aomf
‚if;wdk @tm;vHk;onf a&/ atmufpD*sif/ tvif;a&mifESifh tylwdk@udk
vkt
d yfonf?
&dwfodrf;jcif; aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;ESifh tyifrsm;tm; ‚if;wdk@udk toHk;ðy&ef tqifoifh

HARVEST jzpfcsdefwGif pkaqmif;odrf;qnf;&ef? (Oyrm- ArmjynfwGif xHk;pHt&
vltrsm;onf pyg;udk Ek0d ifbmvESihf 'DZifbmv t=um; &dwo f rd ;f =uonf?)

aygif;owfaq; tyifrsm;/ aumufyJoD;ESHyifrsm;ESifh aygif;yifrsm;wdk@udk zsufqD;onfh
HERBICIDE rnfonfh tqdyftrsKd;tpm;rqdk?
jznfhpGrf;ay;aomt&m ae&mwpfae&mod@k ,laqmifomG ;onfh t&mwpfcck ?k Oyrm - v,form;

INPUT wpfO;D onf qdik w
f pfqikd x
f rJ S "mwk ajr=oZm0,f,+l y;D rdrv
d ,fxw
J iG f toH;k
ðyonfhtcg/ olonfjyifyY&Sdaom jznfhpGrf;ay;aom t&mwpfckudk
toH;k ðyonf?
ykd;owfaq; yd;k r$m;rsm;/ zsuq

f ;D owfaom yd;k r$m;rsm;ESihf obm0. &eforl sm;wd@k ukd zsuq
f ;D
INSECTICIDE wwfonfh rnfonfh tqdyf trsK;d tpm;rqd?k
twGif;usaom wpfcck .
k twGi;f ykid ;f wGif &So
d nf? jyifyESihf qef@usib
f uf jzpfonf? (Oyrm
INTERNAL - v,form;wpfO;D onf twGi;f ykid ;f wGi&f adS om t&if;tjrpfuo kd m toH;k ðy
onf? qdv k o
dk nfrmS rdr+d cHwiG ;f od@k r[kwf a'ow0du k w
f iG f &SmazG &&So
d nfh
ypPn;f rsm;udok m toH;k ðyonf?
yJrsKd;EG,fpk0iftyif avxJrS Edu _ xf &k*d siu

f kd pkaqmif;Ekid &f ef bufw;D ,m; rsm;udk toH;k ðyEdik +f yD;/
LEGUME ‚if;wkd@udk ajrqDv$mtwGif;ESifh rdrd wdk@twGif; okdavSmifxm;Ekdifonfh
tyifrsm;. tkypf w k pfp?k Ttyifrsm;onf ‚if;wk@d . taphrsm;udk taph
tdr§f yJaxmift h rd tf wGi;f }uD;xGm;ap+yD;/ rsm;jym;onfh y&kw d if; yrm%
yg0ifonf? Oyrm - ‚if;wd@k xw J iG f yJwpD rd ;f / yJaxmif&h n
S /f yJveG ;f / yJpif;ik/H
tp&Sod nfw@kd yg0ifonf?
ouf&SdowW0gwkd@ tqifhqifh ouf&ydS pPn;f wpfck ar$;zGm;pOfrS aoqH;k oGm;onft h xd ausmjf zwfc&hJ onfh
}uD;xGm; wk;d wufvmykH ajymif;vJrt_ m;vH;k ? Oyrm - vdyjf ymwpfaumifonf OwpfOrS pwif
LIFE CYCLE onf? clwpfaumifo@dk ajymif;vJ+yD; yd;k tdrof @dk ajymif;vJonf? ‚if; aemuf
vdyfjymokd‹ ajymif;vJonf?
xkH; (tjzLr_H@) xHk;ausmufudk rD;zkwfjcif;jzifh ðyvkyfonfh 0xWKypPnf;wpfck? xHk;onf

LIME-ie White Powder tief"gwyf gonfh ypPn;f jzpfonf? tcsOf "gwyf gonfh ajrqDvm$ rsm;udk ydrk I
kd
=um;ae jzpfap&ef ‚if;udk jznfx
h nfah y;Ekid o
f nf?
ajraqG;ajr oJtydik ;f tp uav;rsm;xuf ydrk akd o;i,fonf? ok@d aomf &G@H ap; tykid ;f tp
LOAM uav;rsm;xuf}uD;+yD; ausmuf tydik ;f tp uav;rsm;jzifh ðyvkyzf @JG pnf;
xm;onfh teufa&mif&SdajrqDv$m? xHk;pHtwkdif;tyifrsm;onf ajraqG;
ajrrsm;udk ESpfouf=uonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ‚if;onf avudk
0ifa&mufap+yD; aumif;rGeo
f nfh a&ESihf tm[m& "gwx f ed ;f odr;f xm;Edik rf _
pGr;f &nf &So
d nf?
omrmeftm[m&"gwrf sm; ouf&SfdZD0 tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; &Sifoef}uD;xGm;&efESifh usef;rm}uH@cdkifap&ef
MICRO-NUTRIENTS vktd yfonf tenf;i,faom yrm% &Sd j'yfpif wpfc?k Oyrm- tyifrsm;
twGuf omrmeftm[m&"gwrf sm;rSm oGy/f a=u;eD/ rif;*epftp &So d nf
wd@k jzpfonf? 8
t%kZD0tzGJ@tpnf; tvGeaf o;i,fonfh ouf&t dS &m0xWK wpfcjk zpf+yD; t%k=unfh rSeb
f v
D ;l

MICRO-ORGANISM jzifo
h m jrifEikd o
f nf? Oyrm- bufw;D &D;,m;/ Adik ;f &yfy;kd ?
a&ckd;a&aiG@ avxJwiG ‚f if;/ ajr}uD;. tay:,Hrsuef mjyif od@k r[kwf twGi;f wGif ‚if;
MOISTURE &Sad eonfh tvGeaf o;i,faom a&yrm%rsm;? Oyrm - tyifrsm;onf
a&cd;k a&aiG@rsm;udk ajrqDvm$ rS ‚if;wd@k . tjr‡prf sm;qDo@kd qG,
J o
l ;kH pGJ Edik o
f nf?
obm0&efol zsuq f ;D wwfonfh yd;k r$m;rsm;tm; owfjzwf+yD; pm;oH;k onfh ZD0tzG@J tpnf;
NATURAL ENEMY wpfc?k Oyrm - a=umifwpf aumifonf ºuGuw f pfaumif. obm0&efol
jzpf onf? yifu
h o
l nf ESaH umif. obm0&efol jzpfonf?
obm0t&if;tjr‡pf vltrsm; touf&iS f aexdik Ef ikd &f ef/ ypPn;f rsm; jyKvky&f ef/ od@k r[kwf a&mif;cs
NATURAL RESOURCE &mwGif toH;k jyKonfh obm0 ywf0ef;usirf S rnfonfh t&m0wWK ypPn;f rqd?k
Oymrm - ‚if;wdk@txJwGif a&/ ajrqDv$m/ opfyifrsm;/ ausmufwHk;rsm;/
owWKrsm;/ tp&So d nfw@kd yg0ifonf?
eDrmwkwfoHaumifrsm; tvGefao;i,fonfh oefaumiftrsKd;tpm; jzpf+yD;/ ajrqDv$mxJwGif

NEMATODES aexdik +f yD;/ tyif. tjrpfrsm;udk zsuq f ;D Edik o
f nf? xH;k pHtwdik ;f ‚if;wd@k onf
aumufyo J ;D ESyH ifrsm;twGuf zsuyf ;kd jzpfonf?
Ekdufówd*sif"gwf ae&mtESH@tjym;wGif &Sd+yD; ta&;}uD;onfh j'yfpifwpfckjzpfonf? tESH@/

NITROGEN ta&mif ESihf t&omr&Sad cs? u|eyf wf @kd touf&aª eonfah vwGif Edu
k óf xd*sif
"gwf 79Œ1μ yg0ifonf? yJrsK;d EG,pf 0k if tyifrsm;onf avxJrS Eku
d óf xd*sif
"gwfudk pkaqmif; +yD; y±kdwdef;"gwfokd@ ajymif;vJay;onf?
tm[m&"gwf (ajrqDv$m) tyifrsm;ESifh wd&p>mefrsm; &Sifoeff}uD;xGm;&efESifh usef;rm}uHŒcdkifap&ef

NUTRIENTS (SOIL) taxmuftulay;onfh 0wWKwpfck jzpfonf? tm[m&"gwf trsm;jym;wd@k
onf ausmufcJ ausmufw;kH rsm;/ av/ ajrqDvm$ ESihf a&wd@k rS jzpfay:vm onf?
tcsKdŒaom ypPnf;rsm;onf aoqHk; oGm;onfh ZD0tzG@Jtpnf;rsm;.
aqG;jrnfhr_a=umifhjzpf ay:vmonf?

ouf&Sd touf & S i f v #uf od k @ r[k w f ouf & S d t &m0wW K wpf c k . tpd w f t yd k i f ;
ORGANIC jzpfcJhonfh rnfhonfht&m0wWKrqdk/ wpf}udrfwpfcgr# touf&Sifv#uf
r&Sdonfh oufrJh rsm;ESifh qef@usifbuf jzpfonf (Oyrm - ausmufwHk;
wpfv;kH od@k r[kwf vlrsm;rS ðyvkyo f nfh t&m0wWK wpfcck )k ?
ouf&Sd±kyfypPnf; touf&iS v f #uf od@k r[kwf touf&iS cf o hJ nfh rnfonft

h &m0wWKrqdk jzpf+y;D /
ORGANIC MATTER ‚if;wd@k aoqH;k onfh tcg aqG; jrnfEh ikd o
f nf?
ZD0tzGJ@tpnf; touf&iS v f su&f o

dS nfh rnfo
h nfh t&mrqd/k tyif/ wd&p>mef/ vlom;/ yd;k r$m;/
ORGANISM bufw;D &D;,m;/ r_d ponfw@kd jzpfonf?
xkwfukef ae&mwpfcrk S xkw, f ol mG ;onfh t&mwpfcck ?k (Oyrm - v,form; wpfO;D

OUTPUT onf rdr. d v,f,mwGif pdu k yf sK;d xm;onfh aumufyo J ;D ESH tcsKŒd udk qdik f
wpfqikd w
f iG f a&mif;csv#i/f Taumufyo J ;D ESu
H kd xkwu
f ek f [kac:onf?
ESpf&Snfyif wpfEpS x f ufyI kd touf&n S o

f nfh tyifrsm;? (rSwcf suf - wpfEpS f touf
PERENNIAL &Snof nfh tyifrsm;udk wpfEpS cf H yifrsm;[kac:onf?f 2 ESpf touf&n S o f nfh
tyifrsm;udk 2 ESpcf yH ifrsm;[kac:onf? TvufpJG pmtkyw f iG f u|eyf w
f @kd onf
1 ESpcf yH ifEiS hf ESp&f n
S yf ifuo
kd m toH;k ðyonf?
zsufqD;wwfaomykd;r$m; ZD0 tzG@J tpnf;. rnfonft h rsK;d tpm;rqdk aumufyo J ;D ESrH sm;tm; pm;oH;k
PEST jcif; od@k r[kwf zsupf ;D jcif;? Oyrm rsm;xJwiG f ºuGurf sm;/ claumifrsm;/ ESH
aumifrsm;/ eDrmwkwo f aH umifrsm; tp&So d nfw@kd yg0ifonf?
ykd;owfaq; ouf&dS ZD0tzG@J tpD;rsm;udk aoausaponfh rnfonfh tqdyf trsK;d tpm;

PESTICIDE rqd/k txl;ojzifh tyifrsm;ESihf yd;k r$m;rsm;? Oyrm - yd;k r$m;owfaq;ESihf aygi;f
owfaq; wd@k jzpfonf?
rD;pkH;"gwfqm; tES@H tjym; awG@&EdS ikd o

f nfh j'yfpifjzpf+yD; tyifrsm; twGuf tvGet
f a&;}uD;
PHOSPHATE onfh tm[m&"gwf wpfcjk zpf onf? rsm;jym;onfh rD;pke"f gwf qm; yrm%
rsm;udk ausmufaqmiftrsK;d tpm;ESihf wd&p>mefacs; (txl;ojzifh vif;Ed;k acs;)
rsm;wGif awG@&EdS ikd o
f nf? "gwak jr=oZm trsm;tjym; wGif rD;pke;f "gwqf m;
yg0ifonf? tu,fI tvGefrsm;jym;pGm toHk;ðyygu ajrqDv$mESifh
jrpfrsm;udk npfnrf;apEdkifonf?
tqdyf tu,fI pm;oH;k jcif;/ &_oiG ;f jcif;/ t&nfjym;rSwqifh xdawG@ryd gu zsm;emr_

POISON od@k r[kwf aoqk;kH r_rsm;udk jzpfap onfh rnfonfh t&m0wWKtrsK;d tpm;rqd?k
tcsKdŒaom tqdyfrsm;onf tvGefv#ifjrefpGm tusKd;ouf a&muf+yD;/
tcsKdŒaomtrsKd;tpm;rsm;onf tusKd;oufa&muf&ef tcsdef tawmf
=umonf? yd;k owfaq;onf tqdy.f Oyrm wpfcjk zpf onf?
yef;0wfr_H
POLLEN
tyifwpfyif. tyGit hf wGi;f &Sd tzdak phjzpf+yD; tr yef;wpfcu
av/ yd;k r$m;rsm; od@k r[kwf wd&p>mef rsm;rS o,faqmifomG ;onf?
k kd pyf,u
S &f ef 8

jym"gwf tjcm;aom tm[m&"gwrf sm;tm; toH;k ðyEdik &f eftwGuf ouf&ZdS 0D tzG@J
POTASSIUM tpnf;rsm; tm;vH;k twGuf vdt k yf onfh j'yfpif wpfcjk zpfonf? y&dw
k ed ;f ESihf
uvyfp;D ES&H rH sm; ðyvkyEf ikd &f ef tyifrsm;onf jym"gwu f kd vdtk yfonf? ta&
jym;/ ºuu
G o
f m;rsm;ESihf tm&Hak usm rsm;twGuf wd&p>mefrsm;onf jym"gwu f kd
vdtk yfonf?
y±kdwdef; tpm;tpmwGif yg0ifonfh 0wˆKypPn;f wpfcjk zpf+y;D ouf&ZdS 0D tzG@J tpnf;rsm;

PROTEIN tm;vH;k &Sio f ef }u;D xGm;&efEiS hf use;f rm}u@H cikd pf mG aexkid Ef ikd af &;twGuf vkt
d yf
onf? y&kw d if;"gwrf sm;udk E_u
d x f &k*d si/f [du
k +f 'dK*si/f umAGeEf iS hf atmufq*D sif
wd@k jzifh ðyvkyof nf? ºuu G of m;rsm; }u;D xGm;zG@H +zKd ;r_EiS hf jyefvnfreG ;f rH&eftwGuf
y&kw d if;onf tvGet f a&;}uD;onf?
tavtvGifh ypPnf;rsm;ukd tcsed t

f awmf=um toH;k ðyonfh od@k r[kwf rvkt d yfonfh t&mwpfcck u
k kd
jyefvnfðyjyif tokH;ðyjcif; wzefjyefvnf tok;H ðyE_id af &; twGuðf yvkyaf qmif&u
G &f ef?
RECYCLE
armif;xkwo
f nf tu,fIt&mwpfcck o k nf tjcm;aom t&m0xWKwpfct k m; armif;xkwf
REPEL ygu ‚if;wd@k wpfcEk iS hf wpfck cyfa0; a0;ae=uatmif òyvkyo f nf? Oyrm -
u|eyf w f @kd onf yd;k r$m;rsm;tm; aumufyo J ;D ESrH sm;rS cyfa0;a0; aeap vdv
k sif
aq;&Guf}uD;udk toHk;ðyE_difonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf ‚if;onf
qd;k &Gm;onfh tESEH iS hf t&om&Sjd cif; a=umifjh zpfonf?
rsKd;qufaygufzGg;onf wd&p>mefrsm;ESihf tyifrsm;wd@k onf rsK;d qufayguzf mG ;onft

h cg ‚if;wd@k onf
REPRODUCE wd&p>mefaumifayguu f av;rsm;udk jzpfay:aponf?
oJ ao;i,fonfh ausmuftydik ;f tp uav;rsm;onf ajrqDvm$ trsK;d tpm;

SAND trsm;tjym;wd@k ukd zG@J pnf;jzpfay: aponf? ‚if;wd@k tcsi;f rsm;onf 0³05
rDvrD w
D mESihf 2³0 rDvrD wD m =um;&So d nf? oJ tykid ;f tp uav; rsm;onf
E_e;f od@k r[kwf &G@H ap;xuf ydrk }kd uD;rm;onf?

v$pmr_ef@ opfom;udk v$jzifh jzwfawmufjcif;tm;jzifh jzpfay:vmonfh tvGeaf o;
SAW DUST i,faom opfom; tydik ;f tp uav;rsm;? v$pmr_e@f wiG f umAGet f rsm;
tjym; yg0if o nf ? wpf c gwpf & H ‚if ; ud k ajraqG ; ðyvk y f & ef t wG u f
wd&p>mefacs; (odk@) tjcm;aom ajr=oZmrsm;ESifh a&maESmtoHk;ðyonf?
e_ef; ao;i,fonfh ausmuf tydik ;f tp uav;rsm;onf ajrqDvm$ trsK;d tpm;

SILT trsm;tjym;wd@k ukd zG@J pnf;jzpf ay:aponf? ‚if;wd@k . tcsi;f onf 0³002
rDvrD w D mESihf 0³05 rDvrD w
D m t=um;&So
d nf? E_e;f ajr. tykid ;f tp uav;rsm;
onf oJajr. tykdif;tpuav;rsm;xuf ydkrdkao;i,fonf? okd@aomf
&G@H ap;ajr tydik ;f tp uav; rsm;xuf ydrk }kd uD;rm;onf?
qifajcav#m awmifukef; okd@r[kwf awmifwpfawmif. ab;buf? rwfapmufonfh

SLOPE qifajcav#monf 30 'D*&Dxuf ydrk +kd yD; odyrf rwfapmufonfh qifajcacsm
onf 30 'D*&Dxuf ykrd edk nf;onf?
aysmf0if&nf ESpfck (odk@) ydkrdkonfh 0wˆKypPnf;rsm;udk a&mESmxm;onf? t&nf (odk@)

SOLUTION tzwfrsm;udk tjcm;t&nfwpfckxJodk@ aysmf0ifaponf? (Oyrm -
qyf j ymr_ e f @ ud k aysmf 0 if a ponf / a&ud k tjcm;aom 0wˆ K ypP n f ; ES i f h
a&maESmonf?)
rsKd;pk ZD0tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk u|Eyfk w f @kd cGjJ cm;Ekid o

f nfh tkypf rk sm;xJrS wpfp?k wlno
D nfh
SPECIES tk y f p k t zG J @ 0if r sm;onf qif w l & k d ; rm;&S d = uonf ? ‚if ; wd k @ onf
om;aumifayguu f av;rsm;udk rsK;d quf xyfrH ayguzf mG ;E_id o f nf? EGm;ESihf
u|rJ sm;wd@k onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em;onfh rsK;d pkrsm;jzpfonf?
òcHI=unfhonf Tpum;vH;k onf t"dyg` ,f 3 rsK;d &SEd id_ o

f nf -
SURVEY ⋅ taqmuftOD;wpfck raqmufvkyfrD ajrae&mudk *&kwpdkuf
wdik ;f wm&ef/
⋅ wpfpw Hk pfcuk kd vltrsm; rnfuo hJ @kd tjrif&=dS uonfukd od&ESd id_ &f ef
ar;cGe;f rsm; ar;jref;&ef/
⋅ wpfpw kH pfct k wGuf vkyif ef; rpwifrD *&kwpdu k f avhvmr_ðyvkyjf cif;/
wnfwHhaponf tcsed t
f awmf=um wpfpw Hk pfcu k kd qufvufvyk u f ikd Ef idk pf rG ;f &So
d nf? (Oyrm
SUSTAIN - opf y if r sm;ud k pd k u f y sKd ; jcif ; jzif h vl t rsm;onf rd r d w d k @ .
xif;avmifpmaxmufyrhH u _ kd a&&Snw f nfwEhH idk af ponf? wd&p>mefacs;ESihf
ajraqG ; rsm; ud k toH k ð yjcif ; jzif h v,f o rm;rsm;onf rd r d w d k @ .
v,f,mvkyif ef;rsm;udk a&&nf wnfwEhH id_ af ponf?)

yifaiG@ysHjcif; a&cd;k a&aiG@rsm;onf ajrqDvm$ rS wpfq f ifh tyifrsm;. tjr‡prf sm;/ yifpnf
TRANSPIRATION rsm;/ t&Gurf sm;wd@k ukd jzwfIjyifyod@k xGuo f mG ;onfh enf;vrf;jzpfonf?
a&$@ajymif;pkdufysKd;onf tyifwpfyifyifukd wpfae&mrS tjcm;wpfae&mod@k a&$@ajymif; pdu

k yf sK;d &ef/ 8
TRANSPLANT
&Sifoef&yfwnfEkdifaom wpfpkHwpfckudk ðyvkyfE_difonf odk@r[kwf atmifjrifE_difvdrfhrnf? &Sifoef

VIABLE &yfwnfEid_ af om taph (od@k ) Orsm; onf tyifwpfyif (od@k ) wd&p>meftjzpfo@kd
&Sio
f ef }uD;xGm;vmvdrrhf nf?
Akdif;&yfykd; tema&m*gukd jzpfapE_id of nfh tvGeaf o;i,fonfh ZD0 tzG@J tpnf;rsm;?

VIRUS Adkif;&yfydk;rsm;onf bufwD;&D;,m; uJhodk@ ukor_rsm; rðyvkyfE_difacs?
tyifrsm;wGif tcsK@d aom Adik ;f &yfy;kd rsm;onf t&Gu.
f ta&mifukd ajymif;vJ
aponf (od@k ) tusw d t
f cJ jzpfaponf? od@k aomf wcgw&H vuQ%mrsm;udk
tjcm;aom a&m*g trsK;d tpm; rsm;ESihf cGjJ cm;ajymqd&k ef cufco
J nf?
ADwmrif"gwf tpm;tpmwGif yg0ifonfh "gwk"gwfaygif;wpfck jzpff+yD; wd&p>mefrsm;

VITAMIN &Sifoef}uD; xGm;&efESifh usef;rm}uHŒcdkifpGm aexkdifEkdif&eftwGuf vkdtyf
onf? uGJjym;jcm;em; onfh ADwmrif"gwf trsKd;tpm;trsm;tjym;&Sd+yD;
‚if;wk@d onf uGjJ ym;jcm;em; onfh tusK;d ðyr_rsm;&So
d nf? ADwmrifat onf
puQKtm±kHtwGuf jzpf+yD;/ ADwmrif pDonf a&m*gwkdufzsuf&mwGif
taxmuf t ul ð yonf ? vwf q yf onf h [if ; oD ; [if ; &G u f r sm;ES i f h
opfo;D rsm; onf ADwmrif"gwrf sm;. taumif;qk;H t&if;tjr‡pjf zpfonf?
aygif;yif aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;ESifh twl pkdufuGufwpfckxJwGif aygufa&mufonfh

WEED rnfonft h yiftrsK;d tpm;rqk/d ‚if;wk@d onf ae&m/ a&ESihf tm[m&"gwf
rsm;ukd ,SOòf ydipf m;aomuf=uonf?
xGuf&Sdonfhyrm% opfyifwpfyif od@k r[kwf wd&p>mef od@k r[kwf ajr,m tus,t

f 0ef; wpfck
YIELD twGi;f xGu&f o
dS nfh tpm;tpm ok@d r[kwf ypPn;f rsm;. yrm%?
Glenda Kupczyk - Romanczuk (Environment Words) tm;txl;aus;Zl;wif&ydS ga=umif;

ukd;um;onfhpmtkyfrsm;
REFERENCES
Burgess,A.,Maina,G.,Harris,P.and Harris,S.(1998) How to Grow a Balanced Diet. ISBN 09509050-6-2
Capistrano,L.,N.,Durno,J.and Moeliono,M.(1990) Resource Book on Sustainable Agriculture for the

Uplands.International Institute of Rural Reconstruction,Philippines.
Food and Agriculture Organization.(1989)Agroforestry-Initiatives by Farmers in Thailand.RAPA

Publication 1989/13.
Goeltenboth,F.(1990) Subsistence Agriculture Improvement Manual. WAU Ecology Institute, Papua New
Guinea. ISBN 9980-73-001-3.
Gershuny,G.(1993) Start with the Soil. ISBN 0-87596-567-9
Jeavon,J., How to Grow More Vegetables. ISBN 0-89815-767-6
Jensen,M.(1995) Trees and Fruits of Southeast Asia. FAO RAPA

ISBN 974-8304-67-1
Kupczyk-Romanczuk,G.(2003) Environment Words. ISBN 97485431-9-6
Mollison,B.(1997) Introduction to Permaculture. ISBN 0908228082.
Morrow,R.(1997) Permaculture - Teacher's Notes. ISBN 0-86417-800-X
Murakami,S.(1991) Lessons from Nature.
Oomen,H.A. and Grubben,G.H.(1978)Tropical Leaf Vegetables in Human Nutrition. Royal Tropical Institute,
Amsterdam.
Overgoor,P.(1990) Safe Crop Protection by Using Botanical Pesticides.
Puwastien, P.,Burlingame,B., Raroengwichit, M. and Sungpuag, P.(2000)

THAI Food Composition Tables, ASEAN FOODS Regional Centre. ISBN 974-664-480-7.
Rodale, J.I., The Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening. ISBN 87596-061-8
Rodale, J.I., The Complete Book of Composting .ISBN 87596-064-2
Rodale,R., All-New Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening. ISBN 0-87857-999-0
Rogers, M.(1978) Growing & Saving Vegetable Seeds. ISBN 0-88266-132-9.
Stoll, G.(1986) Natural Crop Protection. ISBN 3-8236-1113-5.
Taylor, D.&Y.(2001) The Compost Book. ISBN 1-87633-428-2.
Tutua, J.and Jansen,T.(1994) SAPA. ISBN 0-646-19236-1.
World Neighbors.(1974) Practical Guide to Dry Land Farming-Planting Tree Crops.

World Neighbors, Oklahoma City, OK 73112, USA.

rSwfpkrsm;
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CAN
CAN vufpGJpmtkyf 2007 jrefrmbmomjzifhykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;

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vufpGJpmtkyf

CAN vufpGJpmtkyf 2007 jrefrmbmomjzifhykHESdyfxkwfa0jcif;

atmufygtzGJŒtpnf;wkd‹. axmufyHhulnDr+jzifh Tpmtkyfukd 2007 ckESpftwGif;wGif xkwfa0onf?

Copyright C 2007 David Saw Wah

xdkif;bk&ifh tpdk;&ESifh ‚if;. jynfoljynfom;rsm;/ tpdk;& r[kwfonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wdk@onf

1999 ckESpfwGif u|Ekfyftaejzifh u|Ekfyfwdk@tm; ulnDaxmufyHhay;aeonfh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udk

Taemufq;kH pmtkyf tygt0if ausmvf eG cf o

yxrOD;qHk; taejzifh u|Ekfyf. u&ifeDjynf&Sd &Gmom;rsm;ESifh v,form;rsm;jzpfonf? pmtkyf

CAN pDru H ed ;f tpOD;ydik ;f wGif pHjyO,smOf wnfaxmif&efEiS hf ysK;d yifayguu

Shimpei Murakami .pmtkyf jzpfaom “Lessen From Nature” onf u|Ekfyftm;

TvufpGJpmtkyfwGif pum;&yf tcsKdŒudk cufqpf t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;csuf tcef;wGif xnfhoGif;

T CAN pDru H ed ;f jzpfay:vmapEdik &f eftwGuf t}uHOm%frsm;ESihf pmtkypf mwrf; trsm;tjym;udk

Jacob Thomson ( ,cif World Education ESihf TBBC ) . tultnDrygbJ CAN

aemufq;kH taejzifh atmufyg tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk CAN pDru

Tpmtkyo f nf 2000 ckEpS w

1999 ckESpfwGif rpPwma';Apfapm0g;onf xdkif;jrefrm e,fpyfa'o wpf0dkuf&Sd 'kuQonfrsm;ESifh

a';Apfonf a'ow0du k f &&SEd ikd o

Andrea M.Menefee, MPH RD

TvufppJG mtkyEf iS hf pyfvsOf;I

Soil for Seed Raising

tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm;

Banana Fibre Pots

tcef; (4) oD;ESyH ifrsm; pku

á zsuq f ;D wwfaom yk;d r$m;rsm;tm; obm0tav#muf

tcef; (6) tyifrsm;

tcef; (8) t&if;tjr‡prf sm;

oJajr ykH (1³1) oJajr

E_ef;ajr ykH (1³2) E_e;f ajr

ykH (1³3) &$ŒH ap;ajr

tcsOf =um;ae tief

ajrqDvm$ . pH ukd wkid ;f wmjcif;

tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 5

aqG ; jrnf h o H o &m

tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 7

jym"gwf (K) ⋅ tyifrsm; tema&m*g'%frsm;ukd ckcH ⋅ atmufajcykid ;f t&Gurf sm;wGif tuGu/f

uvk&d if;"gwf (Cl) ⋅ tyifrsm;tvif;a&mifukd tokH;ðy+yD; ⋅ tjr‡p}f uD;xGm;r_ukd tuef@towfjzpf

tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 11

rkdvpf'ifeef"gwf (Mo) ⋅ tjr‡pfywfvnf&Sd bufwD;&D;,m;rsm; ⋅ t&Gurf sm;xlI wGe@f vrd af e+yD;/

tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 13

• 2 q ajraqG; ok@d r[kwf qefcgcsonfEh mG ; od@k r[kwf u|aJ cs;/

ykH (3) rsK;d aphrsm;twGuf ajrqDvm$

tcef; (1) ajrqDv$m 15

ykH (5) rsK;d aphaowWm

tjcm;aom rsKd;aphysKd;aowWm trsKd;tpm;rsm;

ykH (6) rsK;d aphysK;d axmif&ef aowWm§cGurf sm;

tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm; 19

ykH (7³1) iSuaf ysmr#it

tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm; 21

ykH (7³3) iSuaf ysmr#it

ykH (7³5) iSuaf ysmr#it

rsKd;aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh pkqnf;odrf;qnf;jcif;

t&nf t aoG ; aumif ; rG e f o nf h rsKd ; aph u d k rnf u J h o d k @ pk p nf ; od r f ; qnf ; rnf e nf ; ?

ykH (8³1) rsKd;aph,lrnfhtyif

ykH (8³2) rsKd;aph,lrnfhtyiftm; qGwfcl;ykH

rsKd;aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh pkqnf;odrf;qnf;jcif;

ykH (8³3) taphrsm;tm; tajcmufvrS ;f ykH

ykH (9) rsK;d aphxnf&h ef Al;§cGurf sm;

rsKd;aphrsm;ukd a&$;cs,fjcif;ESifh pkqnf;odrf;qnf;jcif;

tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm; 27

(1) pdkufysKd;rnfh tyifrsKd;EG,fpkrsm;onf aea&mif/ t&dyfwdk@. yrm%rsm;udk rSefuefpGm &&Sd&eftwGuf

}ud K wif jyif q if j cif ;

taph a &ay:wG i f aygavmay:aom enf ; jzif h prf ; oyf j cif ;

(1) zefAl;xJokd@ a&jznfhxnfhyg?

tcef; (2) rsKd;aphrsm; 29