Drum Publication Group

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±Srf;±dk;&myHkjyifrsm;
Shan Folklore (Burmese Version)

Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand

drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org

May, 2010
ISBN 978-616-7225-18-0

ii
 rmwdum
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qif;&Jaomvli,fuav; 4
wHigonfESifhZeD; 6
avmba=umifhaojcif; 8
usm;jzL±Sif 10
xGefoGm;pm;aomºuGuf 12
taumuftajzmifhudkrEdkif 14
ivufr 16
qifjzLawmf 19
ig;csOfAl; 21
acgykwf 23
jcaoFhESifhrkqdk; 24
=uuf=u,fuav;rsm; 25
vloef}uD;tD[ifavmif 27
oem;=uifemwwfaomusD;uef;uav; 29
tDuGyf[dk; 31
avmb}uD;aomqif;&Jom;vkvif 36
OD;wdef 38
xrif;vHk;wpfvHk;a=umifh 43
rkqdk;vifr,m; 43
usm;u|Jrpm;onfhta=umif; 44
±Srf;trsdK;om;wdkŒ.ta=umif;wpfaphwpfapmif; 45
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Õ wl&d,ESifhoDcsif;rsm; 47
Õ ta±SmifESifhtaqmifrsm; 47
Õ aA'ifynmESifhtwdwfedrdwfrsm; 48
Õ ±Srf;trsdK;om;r*FvmvufxyfyGJ 49
iii
 ed'gef;
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e,fwGifvlrsdK;pkaygif;pHkjzifhzGJ‹pnf;xm;ygonf? ±Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;onf trsm;tm;
jzifhAk'<bmomudk udk;uG,f,Hk=unf=uonf? ,if;wdk‹wGif ,Ofaus;r_tarGtESpf
rsm;pGm±Sd+yD; ordkif;okawoDrsm;u ±Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;rSm xdkif;ESifhvmtdkvlrsdK;rsm;ESifh
qufEG,f=uonf[kqdk.?

Drum Publication Group rSwdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;ESifhoufqdkifonfhpmtkyfwGJ

rsm;udkxkwfa0&ef pDpOfv#uf±Sdygonf// TpmtkyfwGif ±Srf;trsdK;om;wdk‹.t
a=umif;waphwapmif;ESifh±Srf;±dk;&myHkjyifuav;rsm;udk pkrdor#xnfhoGif;xm;yg
onf? yHkjyifrsm;ay;ydk‹ aomolrsm;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif±Sdygonf? yHkjyifuav;
rsm;zwfjcif;tm;jzifh wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdL;rsm;t=um; ,Ofaus;r_ESD;aESmzvS,fr_
rsm;ðyvkyfEdkif+yD; tcsif;csif;em;vnfr_/ udk,fcsif;pmemr_rsm;&±SdvmEdkifygonf?

Drum Publication GrouprS wdkif;&if;om;±dk;&mpmayESifhywfouf+yD; jr‡ifhwifr_

rsm;udktav;xm;+yD; aemifwGifvnf; tjcm;wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;.yHkjyifrsm;
udkvnf; qufvufxkwfa0oGm;rnfjzpfonf?

iv
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

aumufuspfaom
vli,fuav;

wpfcgwkef;u qif;&JwJhrdbrJhvli,fuav;wpfOD;±Sdw,f? ol@rSm pm;p&mx

rif;r±SdwJhtwGuf jrpfacsmif;uav;xJrS ig;rsm;udk zrf;,lpm;aomuf&owJh?
wpfae@rSm olwpfae@vHk;tpm±SmayrJh bmrS±Smvdk@r&yJzm;uav;wpfaumifudk
omzrf;rdowJh? 'gha=umifh pdwfysufysufeJ@zm;uav;udk tdwfxJxnfh+yD;tdrfjyef
vmcJhw,f? ±GmxJudka&mufwJhtcg vlawGu ol@udktdrfxJ0ifvmzdk@zdwfac:=u
w,f?

'gayrJholu/ “tdrfxJ0ifcsifygw,f/ 'gayrJh OD;}uD;wdk@&Jh=uufzawGu usKyf&Jhzm;

uav;udkpm;ypfrSmpdk;&drfvSw,f” vdk@ajymw,f?

tdrf±SifawGu &,farm+yD;/ “igwdk@&Jh=uufzawGu rif;&Jhzm;uav;udkpm;ypf&if/

1
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

rif;udk xdkufwefwJhavsmfa=u;ay;yghr,f” vdk@qdkwJhtwGuf olvJtdrfxJudk0if

oGm;w,f?

tdrfxJudk0ifoGm;+yD;wJhaemuf ol@udkb,folrSowdrxm;wJhtcsdefrSm tdwfxJrS

zm;uav;udkxkwf+yD; =urf;jyifay:udk csvdkufw,f? tJ'DrSm =uufz}uD;wpf
aumifu zm;uav;aemufudkvdkufajy;+yD; zm;uav;udkxdk;qdwf+yD;pm;vdkuf
w,f? vli,fav;uvJ t&rf;a'goxGuf [efaqmifwJhtwGuf tdrf±Sifuzm;
uav;twGuf =uufz}uD;wpfaumifudk avsmfa=u;ay;vdkufw,f? olvJ=uuf
z}uD;udk,l+yD; tjcm;±Gmuav;wpf±Gmudk c&D;xGufcJhw,f? tJ'D±GmrSm tokb
tdrfwpfvHk;udkawG@awmh tdrf±SifawGu olwdk@eJ@twltdyfzdk@zdwfac:w,f?

'gayrJhvli,fu/ “usKyftdyfcsifygw,f/ 'gayrJhvlaou usKyf&Jh=uufz}uD;udkpm;

ypfrSma=umufvdk@rtdyf&Jbl;?”

'gudk=um;+yD; tdrf±Sifu&,farm+yD;/ “igwdk@&Jhvlaou rif;&Jh=uufudkpm;&if rif;

awmif;wJhavsmfa=u;udkay;yghr,f” vdk@qdkwJhtwGuf vli,fvJtdrfxJudk0ifoGm;
w,f?

n}uD;rif;}uD;vlawGtm;vHk;tdyfarmuswJhtcg oltdyf&mujznf;n‡if;pGmx+yD;
=uufz}uD;udk owfypfvdkuf+yD; =uufaoG;eJ@awmifyHawGudk vlao&JhrsufESmay:
rSmvdrf;usHvdkuf+yD; =uufaoudkajrjrKyfvdkufw,f? tm;vHk;+yD;wJhaemuf ol@ae
&mrSmoljyeftdyfaevdkufw,f?

reufrdk;vif;+yD; vltm;vHk;Edk;wJhtcg vli,fu ol@=uufzudkvdkuf±Sm[efaqmif

w,f? tdrf±SifawGuvnf; ul±Sm=uayrJh bmrSrawG@bl;? 'gayrJh aemufqHk;rSm
awmh tHh=oxdwfvef@pGmeJ@ vlao&Jhyg;pyfeJ@rsufESmwpfjyifvHk;rS =uufaoG;awG
eJ@twl =uufarG;awGyg ayusHaewmudkawG@&w,f? 'gudkawG@wJhtcg vli,f

2
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ua'goxGuf[efaqmifvdkuf+yD; ±Gmol}uD;udk 'Dta=umif;ajymjyr,fvdk@+cdrf;

ajcmufvdkufw,f? tdrf±SifawGuvnf; t&rf;a=umuf±GH@oGm;+yD; E_wfydwfct
wGuf olvdktyfwJha±$aiGawGudkay;vdkuf+yD; ta0;udkxGufoGm;Edkifw,f? odk@
aomfvli,fu/ “'Dvdkqdk&if – 'Dvlaoudk u|efawmf,loGm;r,f/ 'grSr[kwf&if
u|efawmf'DurxGufoGm;Edkifbl;”

aemufqHk; tdrf±SifawGu ol@udkvlaoaumifyg ay;vdkufw,f? olvJvlao

aumifudk xrf;+yD;aemuf ±Gmwpf±Gmudkc&D;qufcJhw,f? 'D±GmrSmqifawGudkxm;
xm;a=umif;olodw,f? ±GmxJudk0if0ifcsif; ±GmOD;xdyfu tdrfwpftdrfuol@udk
qifwJxJrSm tdyfzdk@zdwfac:w,f?

'gayrJhol[m/ “u|efawmftdyfcsifygw,f – 'gayrJh qifawGuu|efawmfeJ@twl

ygvmwJhvlemudk eif;owfrSmpdk;&drfvdk@yg? olu qifawGxJrS qifjzLawmfwpf
aumif±Sd+yD; tJ'DqifjzLudkolydkifqdkifcsifwJht wGufOm%feDOm%feuf xkwfwm
jzpfw,f?

±Gmom;awGu 'gudkrodawmh ol@udk&,farm+yD; bmrSa=umufp&mrvdkbl;vdk@

ajymw,f? naetcsdef ±Gmom;rsm;tdyfarmaecsdefrSm ol@ae&mrS wdwfwqdwf
x+yD; vlaoudk qifjzLawmf&Jhab;rS wdwfwqdwfoGm;csvdkufwJhtcg qifu
vnf; vlaoaumifudkrjrifwJhtwGuf eif;rdoGm;wmaygh? reufrdk;vif;wJhtcg
qifydkif±Sifvnf;vlaoaumifudk awG@&wJhtwGuft&rf;udkxdwfvef@oGm;w,f?
vli,fuvnf; a'got&rf;xGufouJhodk@ [efaqmifaew,f? qifydkif±Sifu
vnf;'Dta=umif; b,foludkrSrajym&if ol@udkqkv'frsm;pGmay;r,fvdk@ajym
w,f? 'gayrJh vli,fuol@udkqifjzLawmfay;rS 'Dta=umif;udkb,foludkrSr
ajymyg[kajymwJhtwGuf aemufqHk;rSmqifydkif±Sifu ol@udkqifjzLawmfay;vdkuf
owJh? tJ'Dae@up+yD; olwdk;wuf}uD;yGm;vmawmhowJhuG,f?

3
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

qif;&Jaomvli,fuav;

wpfcgwkef;u qif;&JvSwJhvli,fav;wpfa,muf[m ol@&JhrsufrjrifrdcifeJ@

twlaexdkifowJh? ol[m tusifhpm&dwWaumif;wJh vli,fuav;jzpf+yD;/ r
aumif;r_udk b,fawmhrSrvkyfouJhodk@ pdwful;awmifr,Ofzl;ay? ae@wdkif; ol
tvkyf±Smvkyf+yD; tartdkudk±SmazGvkyfau|;w,f? 'gayrJh tvkyf±Smvdk@r&wJhae@
awGrSmawmh ol@tartwGuf tpm;tpmawGudk vdkufawmif;au|;&w,f?
wpfae@rSm tpm;tpmawmif;zdk‹ eef;awmfodk@a&mufvmcJhw,f? 'gayrJh eef;
awmf}uD;xJrS vlawGpdwfaomua&mufaewmudk awG@&w,f? ta=umif;pHkudk
ar;=unfhvdkufawmh raumif;qdk;0g;awGu wdkif;jynfudkusK;ausmfodrf;ydkufr,f
vdk@+cdrf;ajcmufxm;owJh? bk&if}uD;u ppfom;awGapv$wfvdkufayrJhvnf; ppf
om;awGu raumif;qdk;0g;awG&Jhacsr_ef;r_udk cHvdkuf&w,fvdk@qdkw,f? vli,f
uav;u 'Dowif;udk=um;wJhtcg bk&if}uD;udk/ “t±Sifrif;}uD; -- pdwfat;
at;omxm;yg? u|efawmfrsdK;udk"g;wpfvufay;yg? 'Draumif;qdk;0g;udk u|Efkyf
acsr_ef;ay;yghr,f” vdk@qdkowJh? xdk@a=umifh bk&ifvJvli,fuav;udk"g;wpfvuf

4
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ay;vdkufw,f? 'DvkdeJ@olvJ raumif;qdk;0g;aumifeJ@wdkufcdkufzdk@ +rdK@jyifudkxGuf

vmcJhw,f? +rdK@jyifudka&mufwJhtcg raumif;qdk;0g;u/ “vmvm – rif;udkig
pm;ypfvdkufr,f” vdk@atmfac:w,f?

'gayrJhvl±G,fuav;u ra=umufr±GH@eJ@"g;udkudkif+yD; raumif;qdk;0g;±Sd&mudkwnfh

wnfhajy;oGm;w,f? 'gayrJhol@rSm aumif;r_awGeJ@jynfhvGef;vdk@raumif;qdk;0g;u
ol@udkrwdk@EdkifrxdEdkifwmudkawG@&w,f? aemufqHk;rSmoli,fuav;uraumif;
qdk;0g;&JhESvHk;om;wnfhwnfhudk"m;eJ‹xdk;ypfvdkufw,f?

raumif;qdk;0g;aumif}uD; aoqHk;onfhaemufydkif; wdkif;oljynfom;rsm; 0rf;

ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf=uojzifh bk&if}uD;u ol@tm;+rdK@pm;&mxl;udkcsD;ajr‡mufvdkuf
w,f? xdktcsdefrSpI +rdK@pm;}uD;ESifhrsufrjrifrdciftdk}uD;wdk@vnf; toufxuf
qHk;aysmf±$ifpGmaexdkifoGm;=uw,f?

5
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

wHigonfESifhZeD;

wpf&Ha&mtcgu qif;&JwJhwHigonfwpfOD;±SdowJh? ol[m rdrdvdkyJqif;&JayrJh

ynm±SdwJhrdef;uav;wpfOD;udk cspfcifESpfoufvSowJh? 'geJ@yJaemufqHk;rS olwdk@
vufxyfvdkuf=uw,f? wpfae@rdef;uav;[mrdrd&Jh cifyGef;onfESifhtwljrpfxJ
rSm ydkufcszdk@xGufoGm;=uw,f? vrf;rSm opfyifay:uusD;uef;wpfaumifudk
awG@awmh wHigonfu ZeD;onfudkjy+yD;/ “rdef;ra& -- [dkusD;iSufudk=unfhyg
tHk;? tar$;av;awGjzLvdkufwm”ZeD;onfuvnf;/ “[kwfygh–'DusD;uef;av;
u wpfu,fhudkjzLvdkufwm” vdk@jyefajzw,f?

'DvdkeJ@a±S›quf+yD; vrf;av#mufxGufaewkef; AsdKif;jzLwpfaumifudkawG@owJh? 'D

awmh cifyGef;jzpfwJholu/ “rdef;ra& -- [dkAsdKif;udkawG@vm; -- awmfawmft
a&mifrJw,faemf” rdef;ruvnf;/ “tif;awmfawmfrJwmyJ” vdk@rqdkif;rwG
axmufcHvdkufw,f? 'Dvdkpum;wajymajymeJ@ jrpfacsmif;±Sd&ma&mufvmowJh?
'geJ@ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufulnD+yD; jrpfacsmif;xJ ydkufudkESpfvdkufw,f? 'D
vdkeJ@wpfae@vHk;tvkyfulvkyfwJhtwGuf ig;rsm;pGmudkzrf;rdowJh? b,favmuf
6
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

rsm;ovJqdkawmh olwdk@rxrf;EdkifwJhtxdawmifrsm;w,f?

tJ'Dae@up+yD; wpfjznf;jznf;olwdk@wdk;wufcsrf;omvm=uw,f? olwdk@&Jhab;

ywf0ef;usifrSm qif;&JwJhrdom;pkawG±Sd+yD; olwdk@&Jh}uD;yGm;csrf;omr_tay:remvdk
jzpf=uw,f? wpfae@rSm qif;&Jom;wpfOD;u ol@rdef;rudkac:+yD;/ “rdef;ra& --
igwdk@&JhtdrfeD;csif;vdkyJ ig;r#m;xGuf=updk@ -- olwdk@vdkuHaumif;+yD; csrf;omvm
Edkifw,f?”

'DvdkeJ@ ESpfa,mufom;jrpfacsmif;±Sd&modk@ xGufvm=uw,f? vrf;rSmusD;uef;

wpfaumifu acgif;ay:rSmysHoef;vmwmudk awG@wJhtwGufcifyGef;onfu/“rdef;
ra& -- [dkusD;udkawG@vm;/ 'DusD;uawmfawmfjzLw,faemf?”

ol@rdef;ru/ “r[kwfu[kwfuawmfa& -- 'DusD;u rD;aoG;vdkrJeufaewmudk

rsm;” 'DvdkeJ@qufxGufvm=uawmh olwdk@&Jhacgif;ay:u AsdKif;jzLwpfaumifjzwf
ysHoGm;wmudkawG@=uw,f? 'DawmhcifyGef;onfuvnf;/ “rdef;ra& -- [dkAdsKif;
udk=unfhygtHk; -- rJeufaewmyJ?”

ol@rdef;ruvnf; AsdKif;jzLudkawG@&ufom;eJ@ rJeufaeygw,fvdk@ajymwJh ol@

a,mufsm;udkpdwfqdk;+yD;/ “tzdk;}uD;awmh±l;ae+yD;/ 'DavmufjzLwJhAsdKif;udk rawG@
bl;vm;” vdk@jyefjiif;+yD; wJhaemuftjiif;tcHkjzpf+yD; &efjzpf=uawmhowJh? jrpf
acsmif;xJa&mufoGm;wJhtcg wpfae@vHk;ig;±SmayrJh bmig;rSr&yJtdrfjyefoGm;=u&
owJh?

7
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

avmba=umifhaojcif;

[dk;a±S;a±S;wkef; &cwfyl&òrd‹rSm EGm;ukefonf}uD;wpfOD;±Sdw,f? 'DEGm;ukefonf

[m ok0ÀjynfrSmausmufoHywWjrm;±Sda=umif; owif;=um;wJJhtwGufwynhf
ac:+yD; EGm;ig;&mESifhc&D;ESifcJhowJh? awmtkyf}uD;wpfae&ma&mufwJhtcgarmyef;
=uwJhtwGuf vla&mEGm;ygtem;,lpm;aomufzdk‹twGuf c&D;wpfaxmufem;
=uw,f? wcsdK‹uxif;±Sm/ wpfcsdK‹u tpm;taomufcsufðywfzdk‹ jyifqif=u
w,f? tpm;taomufawG csufðywfaepOftwGif; ukefonf}uD;u xif;awG
ay:u a=u;eDrsm;uyfvmonfudkawGŒ&w,f? xdk‹a=umifhukefonf}uD;u ol‹w
ynfhrsm;udk xdkae&mwpf0dkufwl;um wl;&aoma=u;eDrsm;udk±Smcdkif;avw,f?
xdk‹aemuf rdrdtdwfxJwGif qefrsm;udkoGefcsI a=u;eDrsm;xnfhavonf? ukef
onf}uD;ua=u;eD±Sdv#if atmufwGiftzdk;wefypPnf;rsm;±SdtHk;rnf[kpOf;pm;rd
onfhtwGuf ol‹wynfhrsm;udk quf+yD;wl;cdkif;jyefw,f? tJ'Dvdkwl;wJhtcg aiG
awG±Sda=umif;udk tHh=opGmawG‹&w,f? 'gha=umifhukefonfuvnf; tdwfxJu
a=u;eDawGudkoGefvdkuf+yD; aiGcJawGudkxnfhvdkufw,f? aiGcJawG&wJhtcg ukef

8
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

onfuavmbawG xyfrsm;vmw,f? aiG±Sd&ifa±$vJawG±Sd&r,fvdk‹ pdwful;rd

jyefw,f? 'ga=umifh ol‹&JhwynfhawGudk a±S›quf+yD;wl;cdkif;jyefw,f? wu,fyJ
a±$cJawG‹jyefowJh? 'ga=umifh tdwfxJuaiGcJawGudkavmif;csvdkuf+yD; a±$awGudk
xnfhjyefw,f? avmbtawmrowfEdkifwJh olaX;}uD;[m a±$awG±Sd&iftjcm;
tzdk;wefypPnf;rsm;±Sdr,fvdk‹pOf;pm;rdjyefowJh? tJ'geJ‹ oludk,fwdkifatmufqif;
+yD;wynfhawGeJ‹twl wl;&if;wl;&if;eJ‹ aemufqHk;rSmawmh ajrusif;ydrd+yD;aoqHk;
oGm;avowJh?

9
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

usm;jzL±Sif

[dk;a±S;a±S;wkef;u bk&if}uD;wpfyg;±Sdw,fwJh? arm±Srf;jynfrSm bk&ifjzpfae

pOforD;&wemwpfOD;zGm;jrifvmw,f? bk&ifhorD;[m arG;&mygrsufpdema&m*g
jzpfvm+yD; zcifjzpfolvnf;±Sdor# aq;q&mac:,l+yD; ukoaomfvnf;raysmuf
uif;yJ rsufpduG,foGm;avonf? bk&ifuvnf;ol.orD;udk oem;=uifESmr_
rsm;pGmeJ‹aA'ifq&mudkac:,l+yD; tb,fenf;ESifhrsufpdjyefjrifvmrnfudkar;av
onf?

aA'ifq&muvnf; rdrd.usrf;pmudk=unfh+yD; olrtm;a&xJwGifarsmvdkufv#if

wdkif;jynfvJ+idrf;csrf;vm+yD; olr.rsufpdvJ jyefjrifvmrnf? rarsmv#ifolr.
rsufpdvJjyefjrif vmrnfr[kwfyJ wdkif;jynfvJppfyGJrsm;ESifhóuH&rnf? bk&if}uD;u
vnf; ol‹pum;em;axmif+yD;+yD;csif;rSmyif wdkif;oljynfom;wdk‹tm;ac:,l+yD;
azmif}uD;wpfpD;zGJ‹aponf? xdk‹aemufazmifay:wGif pm;p&mrsm;udkwifap+yD;rif;
orD;av;udkazmifay:wif+yD;arsmcs&efoGm;óud=uavonf? rif;orD;vJ zcrnf;
awmf.pum;udk rvGefqef0Hhojzifh rdbrsm;tm; uefawmhuma0g,mOfay:odk‹
10
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

wuf+yD; armjrpfurf;odk‹oGm;avonf? a0g,mOfxrf;oluvnf; ol‹tm;azgif

ay:wif+yD; jrpftwGif;odk‹arsmvdkufavonf? olrvnf; r,fawmfrdcifESifhcGJcGm
+yD;0rf;eJa=uuGJjcif;rsm;pGmESifh azgifay:wGif wjznf;jznf;a&ESifhtwlarsmygoGm;
onf? olrcrsmvnf;a=umuf±GHŒpGmjzifh aoab;rSvGwfajrmuf&efESifh rsufpdjyef
jrifvmap&eftwGuf t}udrf}udrfidkaºuG;Iqkawmif;avonf? jrpfurf;wpfae
&modk‹a&mufaomtcg usm;jzL}uD;wpfaumifu ,if;.idkaºuG;oHudk=um;o
jzifhoem;pGmjzifh ol‹tm;vma&mufu,fwifavonf? usm;vnf;olr.rsuf
pdudk ukoay;+yD; ZeD;armifESHtjzpf twlwuGaexdkifoGm;+yD;aemufom;OD;&w
emoHk;OD;zGm;jrifvmonf? om;}uD;cGeftef/ om;vwfcGef,D/ om;i,fcGefqef
[ktoD;oD;trnfay;avonf? ,if;wdk‹ aeaomae&mwGifvlxufusm;rsm;
taersm;ojzifh xdkae&mudk usm;jzLòrd‹[kac:wGifavonf?

11
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

xGefoGm;pm;aomºuGuf

a±S;a±S;wkef;u oli,fcsif;ESpfOD;±Sdavonf? wpfa,mufu vdrfvnfwwf

aomtusifh±Sd+yD; usefwpfa,mufu todynmtwwfynmESifh jynfhpHkum
vdrRmyg;eyfpGmaewwfavonf? wpfae‹aomf awmom;}uD;onf oli,fcsif;
òrd‹om;xH xGefoGm;ig;&mtyfa&mif;+yD; aetdrfodk‹jyefoGm;avonf? oli,fcsif;
òrd‹om;u xGefoGm;rsm;udk a&mif;vdkuf+yD; &vmaomaiGrsm;udk okH;pGJvdkuf+yD;jyef
ray;csifojzifh ºuGufacs;rsm;udk ,lvm+yD; xGefoGm;xm;&mae&mY yHkxm;av
onf?

&uftawmf=umaomf awmom;uòrd‹ay:odk‹wufvm+yD; ol.xGefoGm;rsm;udk

rjrif&ojzifh xGefoGm;rsm;a&mif;&+yD; [kowfrSwfum oli,fcsif;òrd‹om;xHoGm;
I aiGtojymawmif;avonf? oli,fcsif;òrd‹om;uvnf; ol.xGefoGm;rsm;
udk ºuGufrsm;pm;vdkuf+yD;[kajymonf?

12
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

awmom;uvnf; bmrSjyefrajymyJ òrd‹om;.om;udkac:oGm;avonf? a&csdK;

+yD;aomtcg ol.todtdrfwGif uav;udk0Sufxm;avonf? oli,fcsif; a&
oGm;csdK;jyefvmonfhtcg om;rsufESmrawG‹&aom òrd‹om;uvnf; oli,fcsif;
awmom;tm; rdrdom;b,frSm±Sda=umif; ar;avonf? oli,fcsif;awmom;
uvnf; a&csdK;aepOftwGif; pGef&Jwpfaumifqif;vm+yD; aumif;uifay:odk‹csD
wufoGm;+yD;[kajym&m òrd‹om;uvnf; rjzpfEdkifbl;[kajymvdkuf&m jiif;cHk=u
onf? Todk‹jzifh w&m;ol}uD;.tqHk;tjzwfcH,l&ef w&m;±Hk;odk‹vmcJh=uav
onf? w&m;ol}uD;u ta=umif;pHkudkar;jref;avonf?

w&m;ol}uD;u/“armifrif;/ uav;udk pGefwpfaumifcsDoGm;wm awG‹vdkufw,f

qdkwmtrSefyJvm;?” awmom;u [kwfrSefa=umif; ajymaomfvnf; w&m;ol
}uD;u TtjzpftysufrSm ,Hk=unfEdkifzG,f&mr±Sda=umif;odavonf? w&m;ol
}uD;u awmom;udk/ “rif;ajymwJh pum;udk igvHk;0r,HkEdkifbl;? r[kwfrrSefwmawG
vHk;0rajymygeJ‹? ”awmom;vJ aemufqHk;tjzpfrSeftm;vHk;udk ±Sif;jyvdkufw,f?
TwGif w&m;ol}uD;uòrd‹om;udk “toif&Jhuav;udk jyefvdkcsif&if ºuGufpm;
vdkuf+yD;vdk‹ajymwJh xGefoGm;awGa&mif;&aiGawGudkjyefay;vdkufyg?”

xdk‹aemuf w&m;ol}uD;uvnf; awmom;bufudkvSnfh+yD;/ “toifuvJxGef

wHk;a&mif;&aiGawGudk jyefvdkcsif&if 0Sufxm;wJhuav;ukd jyefay;vdkufyg” [k
w&m;r#wpGmqHk;jzwfvdkufavonf?

13
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

taumuftajzmifhudkrEdkif

a±S;a±S;wkef;u vlESpfOD;±Sdw,f? wpfOD;trnfudk armifaiG[kac:+yD; wpfOD;udk

armifpdef[kac:onf? olwdk‹[m oli,fcsif;aumif;rsm; jzpf=u+yD; twlaet
wlpm;um cdkuf&efa'gojzpfjcif;vJr±Sd cspfcifpGmtwlaexdkif=uw,f?

wpfae‹rSm oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf[m ta&mif;t0,fvkyfzdk‹wkdifyif=u+yD; vkyf

ief;taumiftxnfazmf&mrS wjznf;jznf;aemufydkif;wGif ta&mif;t0,f
aumif;vmonf? wpfae‹wGif armifpdefu &xm;wJhaiGawGudk wpfa,mufwpf
0ufcGJvdkufr,fqdk&if ightwGuf eJeJomusefawmhrnfvdk‹ pOf;pm;rd+yD; aiGydkI&
atmiftaumuf}uHavonf?

Todk‹jzifh ,if;wdk‹ESpfOD;aiGudk rnfuJhodk‹cGJa0&rnfqdkonfhtay: aqG;aEG;=uav

onf? armifaiGu “wdk‹ESpfa,mufxyfwlnDr# twlwuGa&mif;0,fazmufum;
14
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

wJhtwGuf aiGudkxyfwlnDr#cGJ&rSmaygh?” odk‹ayrJh armifpdefuapm'uwuf+yD;

“'Dvdkvkyfvdk‹ b,f&rvJ? ighemrnfupdef/ rif;emrnfuaiGav? pdefqdkwmaiG
xufydk+yD; wefzdk;±Sdw,fav? igurif;xuf tzdk;wefwJhtwGuf aiGawGydk&oifh
w,f” armifaiGuvnf; rcHr&yfjzpfEdkifum “'Dvdkajym&a=u;qdk&if ighemrnfu
aiGqdkawmh aiGtm;vHk;udk ig&oifhwmaygh?” Todk‹ tjiif;tcHkjzpf=u+yD;aemuf
wpfae‹ reufwGifvrf;ab;±Sdaom anmifyif}uD;xHoGm;I wdkifwnfqHk;jzwf
rnf[karmifpdefuqdkonf? armifaiGu rif;oGm;csifwJhae&moGm; iguvkduf
oGm;zdk‹ tqifoifhyJ[kqdkavonf?

armifpdefu tdrfodk‹jyefa&mufvmonfhtcg ol.zciftm;aiGcGJ&eftwGuftjzpf

tysufudkajymjyum v,fem;±Sd opfyif}uD;qDodk‹oGm;um ol‹zcifudkopfacgif;
xJoGm;aecdkif;onf? reufrdk;vif;aomf ol‹om;ajymonfh twdkif;armifpdefESifh
armifaiGwdk‹onf tpm;tpmrsm;,lvmum opfyif}uD;udk qufuyfvSL'gef;+yD;
rnfolu aiGydk&rnfenf;[kqHk;jzwfay;&ef opfyif}uD;udkwdkifwnfawmif;qdk=u
onf? opfacgif;aygufrSaeI armifpdef.zcifu armifpdefydk&oifhonf[kajym
onf?

armifaiGuTopfyifapmifhewf rw&m;bl;[kqdk+yD; aumuf±dk;rsm;±Sm+yD;opfyif

.ab;wGif rD;±SdK‹cdkif;avonf? xdktcsdefwGif opfyifab;wGif±Sdaomarmifpdef.
zcifurD;cdk;eH‹rcHEdkifojzifh opfacgif;aygufxJrSxGufajy;um taumufudkt
ajzmifhurEdkifbl;a[hvdk‹atmf+yD; aiGudkwpfa,mufwpf0uf,l&ef qHk;jzwfay;
vdkufonf?

15
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ivufr

a±S;a±S;wkef;u tzGm;ESifhajr;wdk‹ESpfOD; twlwlaexdkif=uw,f? wpfae‹rSm

ajr;jzpfolu tzGm;udk pyg;vSef;+yD;apmifhcdkif;w,f? tzGm;jzpfolrSmvnf; pyg;
vSef;&if;apmifh&if;eJ‹ wpfae‹awmhaeylonfhtwGuf tzGm;jzpfolu aexJpyg;
vSef;&if; aoqHk;oGm;avw,f? ajr;jzpfoluvnf; aea=umifhol‹&JhtzGm;ao
qHk;&w,fvdk‹ajym+yD; aerif;}uD;xHtavsmfawmif;&ef oGm;cJhavw,f? vrf;
wGifjcwpfaumifeJ‹awG‹+yD; jcuivufrudk b,foGm;rvJvdk‹ar;w,f? ivufr
uvnf; iguaerif;}uD;qDoGm;+yD; ightzGm;OD;acgif;zdk;oGm;awmif;rvdk‹[kqdko
wJh? jcuvnf; “aumif;+yD;/ igvJvdkufr,fvdk‹qdkw,f?” vrf;c&D;wpfaxmuf
a&mufaomtcg jcu rvdkufEdkifawmh[kajymonfhtcg ivufruvnf;“'gqdk
ighzifxJ0if+yD; vdkufcJhvdk‹ajymw,f?” jcvJðAef;ueJyJ ivufrzifaygufxJudk wdk;
0ifoGm;w,f? 'DvdkeJ‹ c&D;qufxGuf=uwmeJ‹ vrf;rSm oif;acGcsyfwpfaumifeJ‹
xyfawG‹jyefw,f? oif;acGcsyfu ivufrudk b,foGm;rvJ[kar;&mivufru
16
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

aerif;}uD;xHtavsmfawmif;zdk‹oGm;wmygvdk‹ ajymwJhtcgoif; acGcsyfuvnf;

vdkufcsifw,fvdk‹ajymwJhtcg ivufruvnf;vdkufcGifhay;vdkufw,f? c&D;wpf
axmufa&mufaomtcg oif;acGcsyfu c&D;yef;ojzifh rvdkufEdkifawmh[kajym
onfhtcg ivufruvnf; “'gqdk ighzifxJ0if+yD; vdkufcJhvdk‹ajymw,f?” oif;
acGcsyfuvJ ðAef;ueJyJ ivufrzifaygufxJudk wdk;0ifoGm;jyefw,f?

'DvdkeJ‹ c&D;qufxGuf=uwmeJ‹ vrf;rSm usm;wpfaumifeJ‹ xyfawG‹jyefw,f?

usm;u ivufrudk b,foGm;rvJ[kar;&m ivufruaerif;}uD; xHtavsmf
awmif;zdk‹oGm;wmygvdk‹ajymwJhtcg usm;uvnf;vdkufcsifw,fvdk‹ajymwJhtcg
ivufruvnf; vdkufcGifhay;vdkufw,f? c&D;wpfaxmufa&mufaomtcgusm;
u c&D;yef;ojzifh rvdkufEdkifawmh[kajymonfhtcg ivufruvnf; “'gqdkighzif
xJ0if+yD; vdkufcJhvdk‹ajymw,f?” usm;uvJ ðAef;ueJyJ ivufrzifaygufxJudkwdk;
0ifoGm;jyefw,f?

aerif;}uD;uvJ ol‹qDivufr avsmfa=u;vmawmif;rSm udkodonfhtwGuf

vmrnfhvrf;wGif wDaumifudkv$wfI ivufrudk qHk;rcdkif;onf? ivufru
jcudk “[dkrSmrif;tpmvmae+yD;” [kajym&mjcuxGufvm+yD; wDaumifudkvm
+yD;udkufpm;vdkufonf?

ivufc&D;qufcJhjyef&m aerif;uvnf; =uufz}uD;wpfaumifudk ivufrtm;

qHk;r&efqufv$wfvdkufonf? =uufuvnf; ol.E_wfoD;jzifhivufrtm;qdwf
&efóuH;0g;umqif;vmcJhonf? ivufruvnf;=uufz}uD;udkawG‹&m “oif;acG
csyf[dkrSmrif;tpmvmae+yD;” xGufoGm;vdk‹ ajymvdkufjyefw,f? oif;acGcsyfu
vJ=uufz}uD;±Sd&modk‹oGm;+yD; =uufz}uD;udkpm;ypfvdkufw,f?

aerif;u wDaumifudkvJ ydk‹vJrEdkif/ =uuf}uD;udkydk‹vJrEdkifojzifhu|J}uD;udkydk‹vdkuf

jyefw,f? ivufrvnf; u|JudkjrifwJhtcg/ “usm;a& rif;tpmvmae+yD;” vdk‹

17
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ajymwJhtwGuf usm;uxGufvm+yD;u|J±Sd&modk‹oGm;um u|Judkudkufpm;vdkufo

wJh?

ivufruaerif;}uD;qDa&mufwJhtcg aerif;}uD;u ivufrudk “rif;&JhtzGm;

aoqHk;jcif;[migheJ‹rqdkif” [kqdkjyefw,f? ivufruvnf;r[kwfyg? ightzGm;
ao&wmaerif;}uD;a=umifhyg?

aerif;}uD;uvnf;pdwfqdk;pGmeJ@ ivufrudkol.tyl±SdefeJ@xdk;vdkufw,f? ivuf

rvnf;aeyl±SdefudktvGef at;aomt&mjzifhumxm;avw,f? aerif;[mt
yl±SdefeJ@wdkufvdk@r&wJhtcg tat;eJ@wdkufjyefw,f? ivufrvnf; ylwJht&meJ‹
umjyefw,f? aerif;[m rnfonfhenf;eJ@rSwdkufvdk@r&wJhtwGuf ivufrudk
“'gqdk&if --- rif;b,favmufvdkcsifvJ --- rif;vdkcsifoavmufay;r,f”
vdk@ajymw,f?

ivufrvnf; ol.yg;v$m;aomzsmudkcif;um zsmay:Ytjynfhxnfhay;[kajym

+yD; aerif;}uD;vnf; ivufrvdkcsifaomavsmfa=u;jzpfaom ausmuf/ oH/
ywWjrm;udkzsmay:odk@ tjynfhyHkay;vdkufawmhw,f?

18
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

qifjzLawmf

a±S;a±S;wkef;u &mZò*d[fjynfwGif bk&if}uD;wpfyg;[m r*Fvmqif}uD;wpf

aumif±Sdavonf? xdkqifonf EkysdKjzLazG;+yD;aiGawmif}uD;ESifhwlavonf? wpf
ae‹aomf bk&if}uD;onfol.qifxdef;ac:I tqifwefqmrsm;qif+yD; yGJtwGif;
odk‹0ifvmavonf? yGJcif;odk‹a&mufaomf vltrsm; qif}uD;udkjrifI qif}uD;
tm;tr$rf;wifavonf?

tvGefvSywifhw,fI usufoa&r*Fvmtaygif;ESifhjynfhpHk+yD; p}uFmyaw;rif;

eJ‹tvGefxdkufwefaom qif[kcsD;rGrf;ajr‡mufpm;avonf? &mZò*d[fjynfh±Sif
vnf; qif.tr$rf;wifoHudk =um;&ojzifh ighvdkbk&ifudk tr$rf;rwifyJ qifudk
tr$rf;wif&aumif;rvm;qdk+yD; qiftm;aoa=umif;}uHavonf?

bk&ifonf qifxdef;ac:I 'Dqif[mvlpum;wu,fyJ em;vnfvm;[kar;av

19
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

+yD;qifxdef;uvnf; em;vnfonf[kajzavonf? ausmufurf;yg;ESifheD;aom

ae&mudkac:oGm;+yD; [efyeftrlt&mtrsdK;rsdK;vkyfcdkif;av+yD; qifvnf;bk&if
}uD;cdkif;or#udkvkyfay;EdkifcJhonf? bk&ifuvnf;yxrwGifajcoHk;acsmif;av#muf
cdkif;+yD; aemufwGifajcESpfacsmif;/ aemufwGifajcwpfacsmif;av#mufcdkif;jyefonf?
qifxdef;vnf; bk&if}uD;u qif}uD;udkaoa=umif;}uHpnfaerSef;cef‹rSef;Edkifav
onf? xdk‹a=umifhqif}uD;udk “wdk‹awGtoufab;tE W&m,fóuHawG‹&+yD;/ 'Dae
&muae xGufajy;=u& atmif” vdk‹ajymwJhtwGuf qifuvnf; qifxdef;eJ‹twl
Am&m%oDjynfudk jyefoGm;avawmhonf?

20
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ig;csOfAl;

a±S;oa&mtcgu wHigonfZeD;armifESHESpfOD;±Sdonf? wpfae‹aomf ol.cif

yGef;u ig;±SmxGuf+yD;ig;&vmv#if ig;Al;xJwGif ig;rsm;xnfhum csOfvmv#if ZeD;
tm;a&mif;cdkif;ap+yD; cifyGef;rSmig;±SmxGufjyefavonf? wpfae‹aomf ZeD;jzpfol
rusef;rmI aoqHk;oGm;avonf? odk‹aomf cifyGef;udk cspfcifESpfoufI pdwfpGJ
vef;+yD; wrvGefb0odk‹a&mufaomtcg oufrJh0dnmOftjzpfeJ‹ ol‹a,musfm;
wJxJrSmyJ qufvufaexdkifavonf?

cifyGef;onfvnf; ig;csOfvkyfief;udk qufvufvkyfaqmifcJhonf? odk‹aomfig;

csOfvkyfxm;+yD; naecif;ig;±SmxGuf&mrS jyefvmcsdefwGifig;csOfAl;xJrS ig;rsm;ukef
oGm;onfudk awG‹&ojzifh 0g;Al;xJodk‹ig;rsm;xyfxnfhjyefonf? aemufwpf&uf
wGifvnf; ig;rsm;xyfukefjyefonf? xdk‹a=umifh wpfae‹wGif ig;rsm;rnfolpm;

21
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

oGm;onfudk odvdkI acsmif;=unfhrnf[k qHk;jzwfonf? odk‹ESifhyif pdwfqdk;pGmjzifh

uG,f&mrSm acsmif;=unfhav+yD; o&Jrvmpm;onfudkawG‹I rdrd.ZeD;rSef;rod
um i±kwfqkefrI o&Jrtm;aygufowf&ef ajy;vmcsdefwGif ajcacsmfusum
acsmufurf;yg;ay:rS ðywfusI a&=uuftjzpf b0ajymif;oGm;avonf? a&
=uufatmfoHrSm --
ygqGef‹qrfrkwf
pdk‹acguf pdk‹atmh(vf)
Edkif;axmifh [dka[mh(vf)
Edkif;axmifh ydkarmf [kqdkownf;?

22
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

acgykwf

a±S;a±S;wkef;u ±Srf;±Gmuav;wpf±GmrSm uav;i,frsm;idk,dk *sDusonfhtcsdef

wGif rdbrsm;uzdk;vrif;xH rkef‹vSrf;awmif;+yD; uav;i,fawGudk acsmharmhESpf
odrfh=uw,f? zdk;vewfom;uvnf; uav;i,fawGudk acgykwfcsau|;owJh? rd
buvnf; acgykwfudk eJeJpDjzwfI uav;rsm;udk au|;=uowJh? uav;awGudk
b,favmufau|;au|;'Drk‹ef[mrukefEdkifyJ yHkrSeftwkdif;om usefaeao;wmudk
awG‹&owJh? wpfae‹rSm pdwfxm;aumufuspfwJh pdefprm%vdk‹ac:wJh rdef;r}uD;
[m ol‹om;twGufrkef‹}uD;udk t&if;rSjzwfypfvdkuf+yD; ol.om;wpfOD;wnf;
udkom au|;vdkufw,f? ewfom;urdef;r}uD;udk pdwfqdk;+yD; rkef‹udkrdk;ay:odk‹jyef
,loGm;w,f? 'ga=umifh±Srf;vlrsdK;rsm;u 'Drkef‹udk tpm;jyefxdk;wJhtaeESifhacg
ykwfrk‹efawGvkyfpm;=uw,f? vewfom;qDuvJ 'Drkef‹udkjyef&zdk‹twGuf acg
ykwfudktvSLt'gef;ðy=uw,f?

23
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

jcaoFhESifhrkqdk;

wcgwkef;u awm±dkif;owW0gawGudktrJvdkuf±SmazG+yD; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;

ðywJhrkqdk;wpfa,muf±SdowJh? ol[mt+rJwrf; awmxJoGm;+yD; trJ±SmxGufo
wJh? wpfae‹rSm orifwpfaumifoGm;ypfrvdk‹awmxJudk xGufcJhw,f? awmu
eufoGm;ayrJh orifwpfaumifrS rawG‹&ao;bl;? 'ga=umifh opfyifwpfyif
atmufrSmxdkif+yD;tarmajzaewkef; ol‹ab;rSmtoH=um;&wJhtwGuf aoewf
armif;wif+yD; ypfzdk‹tqifoifhjyifvdkufw,f? olypfzdk‹csdefvdkufwJhawmaumifudk
=unfhvdkufwJhtcg orifr[kwfyJ jcaoFhwpfaumifjzpfaewmudkawG‹&w,f? rk
qdk;[m tvGefa=umuf±GHŒ+yD; jcaoFh}uD;udk “u|EfkyfudkrowfygeJ‹/ u|Efkyftouf
udkcsrf;omay;yg?” vdk‹qdkowJh? jcaoFh}uD;u ol‹udk=unfh+yD; oifh&Jhtoufudk
cspfovm;?” rkqdk;}uD;u/ “cspfwmaygh?”
jcaoFh}uD;u “oifhudk,fudkoifcspf&if tjcm;olawGudk rowfygeJ‹? olwdk‹[mvJ
oifhvdkyJ olwdk‹&Jhtoufudkcspf=uw,f?”aemufqHk;rkqdk;vJ udk,fhudk,fudkcspfo
vdk tjcm;olrsm;udkcspf&r,fvdk‹ w&m;&um awmxJrSxGuf+yD; rkqdk;tvkyfudk
pGef‹vGwfvdkufowJh?

24
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

=uuf=u,fuav;rsm;
(ckESpfpOf=u,f)

vGefcJhonfhESpfrsm;pGmu òrd‹±GmeJ‹tvSrf;a0;wJhae&m v,fwJxJrSmv,form;

}uD;rdom;pku=uufom;trdwpftkyfudkarG;xm;w,f? =uufuav;tm;vHk;ck
ESpfaumif±Sdw,f? wpfae‹rSm=uufr}uD;u olwdk‹taz=uufz}uD;ta=umif;udk
ajymjyw,f? “om;wdk‹/ orD;wdk‹a& +cHxJrSmoGm;raqmhupm;eJ‹aemf? rif;wdk‹t
azu+cHxJrSm towfcH&wmjzpfw,f” vdk‹ajymw,f? 'gayrJh =uufuav;awG
ub,fawmhrS ajympum;em;raxmifbl;? =uufr}uD;uawmh +cHem;udkb,f
awmhrSruyfbl;? wpfae‹rSmv,form;&Jhtdrfudk &yfa0;u {nfhonfawGvmwJh
twGuf [if;csufau|;zdk‹ [if;±Smvdk‹r&jzpfaew,f? 'Dawmh v,fol}uD;u
“a=omfwdk‹rSm=uufr}uD;wpfaumif±Sdom;yJ? 'D=uufr}uD;udk csufau|;vdkuf&if
wdk‹tom;±Smp&mrvdkawmhbl;? =uufr}uD;u 'gudk=um;wJhtwGuft&rf;yJpdwf
xdcdkufoGm;w,f? olao&rSmudkvJodoGm;w,f? 'gha=umifh olut&rf;0rf;enf;
oGm;+yD; raocifrSmuav;awG “om;wdk@orD;wdk@eJ@twl tarr±Sdawmh&if/ 0rf;
renf;ygeJ@ -- wpfa,muftay:wpfa,mufEdkifxufpD;eif;rvkyf=uygeJ@ -- 'gh
a=umifh tarhpum;udkem;axmif=uyg/ tazaooGm;+yD;aemufydkif;rif;wdk@tar
eJ@awG@&awmhrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gha=umifh tarhpum;udkaumif;aumif;rSwfxm;=u

25
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

yg? rif;wdk@tm;vHk;udk,fh[m udk,ftpm±Smpm;&r,f? csrf;at;wJhtcgrSmvnf;

wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,mufaEG;axG;pGmzufxm;&r,f” ol.trSmpum;udkajym
+yD;+yD;csif; wpf+ydKifeuf qdkifydkif±Sifuol@udktdrfxJac:oGif;+yD;owfpm;vdkufw,f?

tck=uufuav;awGrSm rdcif=uufr}uD;r±Sdawmhbl;? olwdk@udk,fwdkiftpmr±Sm

EdkifawmhyJ olwdk@&Jhrdcif=uufr}uD;ajymcJhwmawGa=umifh t&rf;pdwfqif;&J=u
w,f? wpfae@+yD;wpfae@ausmfvGefvmayrJh olwdk@&Jhtarudk rarhEdkifbl;? olwdk@
udkt+rJwrf;tpm±SmazGay;wJhtareJ@ olwdk@udk t+rJwrf;owd&±Sdw,f? rdk;&moD
eD;vm+yD;/ rdk;±GmwJhtwGufa=umifh olwdk@crsmt&rf;udkcsrf;=uwmaygh? 'gwifr
u olwdk@t&rf;qm+yD;tm;tifvJukefcrf;vm=uw,f? 'ga=umifholwdk@[m“t
arr±SdwJhwdk@b0u tudkif;t±Gufr±SdwJhiSufaysmyifvdkyJ”vdk@qdk+yD; rD;yHkxJudktm;
vHk;ckefqif;oGm;+yD; tm;vHk;rD;avmifaooGm;w,f? olwdk@aoqHk;oGm;wJhtcg
rdk;aumif;uifay:udkwufoGm;+yD; =u,fuav;awGjzpfoGm;w,f? ±Srf;vdk'D=u,f
uav;awGudk “avmifudkifEdkif” vdk@ac:+yD; t"dy`g,fu ckESpfpOf=u,fjzpfoGm;
w,f? 'D=u,fudk ±Srf;vlrsdK;awGu “=uuf=u,fuav;” vdk@ac:=uw,f?

26
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

vloef}uD;tD[ifavmif

wpfcgwkef;u awmifxdyfu±Gmi,fZeykwfav;wpf±GmrSm tzdk;tdkvifr,m;

ESpfa,mufaexdkif=uowJh? olwdk@rSm om;wpfa,muf±Sd+yD; 'Dom;u tvGefyJ
cGeftm;AveJ@jynfhpHkw,f? ol@trnfu tD[ifavmifwJh? ol[mcGeftm;Av
}uD;rm;wJhtjyif rdbawGudkvnf; t&rf;±dkaoav;pm;w,f? ol@rSmus,fjyef@
wJhawmif,mcif;awG±Sd+yD; opfoD;0vHawGtrsdK;rsdK; pdkufysdK;wJhtwGufa&mif;cs
wJhtcg aiGawGt&rf;&wmaygh? tJ'ga=umihf ±GmxJrSmtcsrf;omqHk;vlawGjzpf
vmw,f?

tjcm;±Gmom;awGu 'gudk=unfh+yD; remvdk0efwdkjzpf=uowJh? 'ga=umifh olwdk@

[m tD[ifavmif[m raumif;wJhvljzpf+yD; zcif}uD;xHoGm;+yD; tD[ifavmif
udkowfcdkif;zdk@ajymw,f? zcif}uD;u bmvkyf&rSef;rodwJhtwGuf ol@om;udk

27
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

iSufbDvl;}uD;wpfaumifowf+yD; OawG,lzdk@oGm;cdkif;w,f? tD[ifavmifvJ ol@

zcif&Jhpum;udkem;axmif+yD; iSufbDvl;r}uD;udkowf+yD; OawGudk,lvmw,f? 'g
udkawG@wJhiSufbDvl;}uD;uvnf; a'goxGuf+yD; tD[ifavmif&JhtoJESvHk;udk
azmufxkwfvdkufw,f?

olraocifrSmyJ tD[ifavmifu ol@zcifxHodk@ toHay;atmf[pfvdkufw,f?

'DtoH}uD;[m jyif;xefvSwJh avwdkufoHvdkjrnf[nf;owJh? 'gawGjzpf+yD;wJh
aemufydkif;jyif;xefwJh avwdkufoH=um;&wdkif; tD[ifavmif&JhtoHvdk@qdk=uo
wJh?

28
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

oem;=uifemwwfaom
usD;uef;uav;

wpfcgwkef;u ynm±Sd+yD; tusifhpm&dwWaumif;rGefaom usD;wpfaumif±SdwJh

twGuf xdkusD;uef;udktjcm;aom usD;uef;rsm;u iSufbk&iftjzpfwifajr‡muf
=uonf? wpfae@ xdkusD;uef;bk&if.rdbk&m;u ol@cifyGef; bk&if}uD;udk/ “armif
awmfvlom;bk&ifawG&Jhpm;yGJay:u xrif;eJ@[if;udk t&rf;pm;csifw,f” vdk@
ajymowJh?

usD;uef;bk&ifu c%av;awG;awm+yD;/ bk&ifhpm;zdkrSL;±Sd&m ysHoef;vmcJhw,f?

tJ'Daemuf pm;zdkrSL;uae pm;aomufzG,f&mawGudk bk&ifpm;aomufonfhpm;
yGJudko,foGm;onfhvrf;eHab;±Sd wJuav;.acgifrdk;ay:wGif oGm;apmifhaevdkuf
onf?

naepmjyifqif+yD;onfhtcsdefwGif pm;zdkrSL;wdk@rS tpm;tpmudkvifyef;xJxnfh

+yD; bk&if}uD;.pm;yGJodk@ o,fvmcJhw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ vrf;ay:rSm usD;uef;u pm;
aomufzG,f&m o,faqmifvmwJhol@&Jhrsufpdudk xdk;qdwfzdk@ysHqif;vmw,f? 'g
29
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ayrJhpm;zdkrSL;u oefrmvGef;vdk@ pm;aomufzG,f&mvifyef;udkab;rSmcsxm;+yD;

usD;uef;udk vsifjrefpGmzrf;vdkuf+yD;/ “tdk – 'DusD;awmh'Dae@[m rif;wu,fao
&r,fhae@yJ” vdk@}udrf;armif;vdkufw,f?

'gawGudk tjcm;usD;uef;uav;wpfaumifu tvHk;pHkvSrf;awG@vdkufw,f? 'D

usD;uef;uav;udk usD;bk&ifu oem;=uifempGmu,fwifzl;vdk@ 'Dwpfcgol@&Jh
usD;bk&ifu ol@a±S›rSmtowfcH&rSmudkrvdkvm;bl;? 'gha=umifh opfyifjrifhu xdk;
qif;+yD; pm;zdkrSL;udk xdk;qdwfawmhowJh? 'gha=umifh pm;zdkrSL;vnf; usD;bk&ifudk
v$wfvdkuf+yD; 'kwd,usD;uef;udkvdkufzrf;+yD; bk&ifhxHawmf,lvmw,f?

bk&ifu usD;uav;udk/ “toifusD;uav; -- bma=umifhpm;zdkrSL;&Jhrsufpdudk

xdk;qdwf &wmqdkwmajymygtHk;” usD;uef;uav;uvnf;/ “pm;zdkrSL;}uD;[m
u|efawmfrsdK;&Jhbk&ifudk zrf;xm;vdk@yg? 'Dbk&ifu u|efawmfrsdK;tay: oem;=uif
em+yD; aumif;r_jyKcJhwmawG±SdwJhtwGuf ol@twGuftaocH&&ifawmif cHEdkifyg
w,f”

bk&if}uD;uvnf; usD;uef;uav;ajymwmudk em;axmif+yD; TuJhodk@rdef@awmf

rlw,f/ “toifusD;uef;uav; -- wpfu,fhudk aus;Zl;odwwfygayw,f/ rd
rdtay: aus;Zl;jyKcJhwJholtwGuf taocH&Jw,f? ol@qDu aus;Zl;odwwfwJh
tjyKtrludk avhvm,l=uyg?”

oem;=uifemwwfwJh vlawG&Jhbk&if}uD;uvnf; usD;uef;uav;udkv$wfvkduf

+yD;ol@&Jhpm;zdkrSL;awGudk aemiftcgwGif bk&ifhpm;yGJrSxrif;[if;rsm;udkjcif;awmif;
uav;xJxnfh+yD; opfudkif;ay:rSmusD;awGtwGuf ae@wdkif;oGm;csay;zdk@rdef@awmf
rlowJh?

30
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

tDuGyf[dk;

wpfcgwkef;u qif;&JvSwJh±Srf;trsdK;orD;wpfOD;rSm OD;acgif;omyg+yD;cE<mudk,fr

±SdwJhom;uav;wpfa,mufzGm;jrifvmw,f? 'Dom;uav;[m cE<mudk,fr±Sd
ayrJhvnf; xl;qef;vSwJhtpGrf;owWdeJ@ jynfhpHkwJhvljzpfygw,f? rdcif}uD;[m xl;
qef;wJhom;uav;udk *±kwpdkuf=unfh±_apmifha±Smufw,f? 'Dacgif;wpfvHk;av;
[m toufckESpfESpf±SpfESpftcdsef a&mufwJhtcsdefrSm ol@rdcif}uD;udk “arar –
om;tvkyfvkyfcsifw,f? om;oHk;zdk@ aiGvdkcsifw,f? v,form;}uD;xHoGm;+yD;
ol@&JhEGm;awGudk om;ausmif;ay;Edkifw,fvdk@ ajymay;yg?

tar}uD;u/ “om;&,f – [kwfrSvJvkyfyg? om;rSmcE<mudk,fvJr±Sd ajcaxmuf

vJr±SdyJeJ@EGm;awGudk b,fvdkxdef;ausmif;ay;rSmvJ?”

31
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

'Dawmholurdcif}uD;udk/ “tar&,f – taru u|Efkyf&JhpGrf;tifudk rodao;bl;/

v,form;}uD;qDomoGm;+yD; om;udk tvkyfoGm;awmif;ay;yg?”

tar}uD;vJ om;ajymwJhtwdkif; v,form;eJ@oGm;awG@+yD;/ “u|efrrSm tDuGyf

[dk; (OD;acgif;cGH) vdk@ac:wJh om;uav;wpfa,muf±Sdygw,f? 'Dom;av;u t
oifhv,form;}uD;xHrSm EGm;ausmif;om;vmvkyfvdkygw,fvdk@ajymw,f?”

v,form;}uD;uvnf; olvkyfcsif&if vkyfEdkifa=umif;eJ@ EGm;wpfaumifrSr

aysmuf&if ol@udkxdkufwefwJh tzdk;tcay;yghr,fvdk@qdkw,f?

reufrdk;vif;wJhtcg tar}uD;u tDuGyf[dk;udk tdwfxJrSmxnfh+yD; ae@v,fpm

ygxm;cJhay;um opfyifwpfyifay:rSm csdwfxm;vdkufw,f? xdk@aemufv,fo
rm;}uD;qDudkoGm;+yD; EGm;awGv$wfcdkif;w,f? v,form;}uD;uvnf; EGm;awGudk
v$wfay;+yD; rdcif}uD;uEGm;awGudk EGm;pm;usuf±Sd&marmif;ay;+yD; tdrfjyefoGm;
w,f? EGm;awGu jrufawGudkpm;t+yD; OD;acgif;cGHav;tDuGyf[dk;udk csdwfxm;wJh
opfyifatmufrSvm+yD; wpfaumif+yD;wpfaumif tpDpDt&D&DvJavsmif;+yD;pm;
jrKyfjyefowJh? naecif;rSm rdcif}uD;u tDuGyf[dk;udkxnfhxm;wJhtdwfudkvG,f
um EGm;awGu ol@aemufrSvdkuf&if; v,form;}uD;tdrf±Sd&mudkjyefoGm;=uo
wJh? 'DvdkeJ@ ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm EGm;ausmif;om;tjzpf toufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyK
=uowJh?

'DvdkeJ@tDuGyf[dk;touf 17 ESpfavmufa&mufwJhtcsdefrSmol@rdciftdk}uD;udk/
“tara& -- u|efawmf bk&if}uD;orD;eJ@vufxyfcsifw,f” vdk@ajymw,f?
ol@taru/ “rvkyfygeJ@om;&,f/ tara=umufvSygw,f/ bk&if}uD;tarhudk
owfvdrfhr,f?” tDuGyf[dk;uvnf; rdcifudk xyfcgwvJvJylqmowJh?

xdk@a=umifh rdcif}uD;u bk&ifhrSL;}uD;rwf&mawGqDoGm;+yD; ol@om;ubk&ifhorD;

32
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

awmfeJ@ vufxyfcsifa=umif;ajymw,f? 'Dta=umif;udk rSL;}uD;rwf&mawG=um;

wJhtcg tm;vHk;u&,farm=u+yD;/ “tDuGyf[dk;uacgif; wpfvHk;yJ±Sdwm/ igwdk@bk
&if}uD;udkoGm;rajym0Hhaygif” vdk@qdkw,f?

'DvdkvJ rdcif}uD;uvnf; =uifemwJh0ef}uD;wpfa,mufqDoGm;+yD; tjzpftysuf

udk ajymjyw,f? tpwGif 0ef}uD;csKyfu vHk;0oabmrwlay? aemufqHk;rdef;r
}uD;u toem;cHojzifh 0ef}uD;rS avSsmufwifay;&ef uwday;cJhonf?

0ef}uD;csKyfu bk&ifhqDudkav#mufwift+yD;rSm bk&ifutrsufa'go}uD;pGmjzifh/

“wpfu,fvdk@ig;&ufwGif;rSm tDuGyf[dk;u igh+cHxJrSm±SdwJhopfyifwpfyif&Jht±Guf
awGudk a±$aiGt±GufawGtjzpfrajymif;Edkif&if 'grSr[kwf ol@toD;tESHawGu
ewfrif;&Jhtpm;tpmawGjzpfrvm&if oifhudk taoowf&vdrfhr,f”

rdcif}uD;uidk,dk+yD; tdrfudkjyefajy;vmw,f/ “tDuGyf[dk;&,f rif;b,fvdkvkyf

vdkufwmvJ? wpfu,fvdk@ rif;eef;awmfO,smOfxJu xl;qef;wJhtyifudk r
ajymif;vJEdkif&if ig;&uftwGif;rSm wdk@tm;vHk;towfcH&awmhrSmyJ?”

tDuGyf[dk;u ol@rdcifudk/ “tarrylygeJ@ -- tm;vHk;u tqifajyrSmyg/ u|ef

awmfhtwGuf pyg;udkawmif;wpfvHk;xJrSm tjynfhxnfhay;+yD; tjcm;jcif;wpf
vHk;xJrSm pHy,fyGifhuav;rsm;udk tjynfhcl;xnfh+yD; om;&Jhab;wpfzufwpfcsuf
pDrSmxm;+yD; tarat;at;aq;aq;omjyeftdyfyg?”

ntcsdefvltm;vHk;tdyfaysmfoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm tDuGyf[dk;u rdrdacgif;udkajr}uD;

ESifhoHk;}udrfwdwdaqmifh+yD; ewfbk&m;awGu ol@udkulnDzdk@wdkifwnfw,f? wpf
jznf;jznf;rSmyJ bk&ifhO,smOfxJu opfyifwpfyif}uD;xGm;vm+yD; pyg;rsm;rSm
ausmufoywWjrm;tjzpf ajymif;vJapoGm;+yD; pHy,fyGifhrsm;rSm ewfbk&m;rsm;
tpm;tpmtjzpfodk@ ajymif;vJoGm;onf?

33
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

eHeufrdk;vif;aomf bk&if}uD;tdyf&mrSxvmum eef;awmfjyLwif;aygufrSaeI

O,smOfxJodk@=unfhI ta&mifwpfvufvufawmufyaeaom opfyif}uD;wpf
yifudk tHh=opGmawG@vdkuf&ojzifh/ “tdk wpfu,fawmufywJhtyifygvm; --
rsufpdawmfawmf}udrf;vdkufwm” tJ'DrSmyif tDuGyf[dk;udkowd&+yD; “[kwf
w,f tJ'Dxl;qef;wJhowW0g&Jh wefcdk;a=umifhyJjzpf&r,f” vdk@qdkw,f?

tJ'ga=umifh tDuGyf[dk;udk ol@a±S›awmfodk@vma&mufcpm;apzdk@ trdef@ay;vdkuf

w,f? tDuGyf[dk;udk eef;awmfodk@,laqmifvmwJhtcg tDuGyf[dk;ubk&ifhudk
ausmufoHywWjrm;eJ@ tpm;tpmrsm;jzifh qufoavw,f? bk&ifuvnf;o
rD;awmfckESpfyg;udkqifhac:+yD; tDuGyf[dk;eJ@ rnfolvufxyfvdkygoenf;[kar;
avw,f? orD;awmft}uD;ajcmufa,mufu tDuGyf[dk;udkawG@wJhtcg avSmif
ajymif&,farm+yD;/ “ajcr±Sd/ vufr±SdwJha,mufsm;igrvdkcsifaygif” [kajymav
onf? odk@aomforD;taxG;qHk;u/ “tu,fIr,fawmfucGifh jyKv#ifu|Efkyf
vufxyfygrnf” [kqdkonf?

,if;wdk@ESpfOD;om;r*Fvmaqmif+yD; bk&if}uD;u eef;awmfopfwpfvHk;udkwnf

aqmufay;avonf? Todk@jzifh olwdk@&JhoD;oef@eef;awmfav;xJa&mufoGm;wJh
tcg tDuGyf[dk;u acsmarmcef@nm;wJh rif;om;toGifudk ajymif;vJvdkufw,f?
wpfae@wGif bk&if}uD;rS pm;yGJaomufyGJwpfckudk usif;yavonf? xdkpm;yGJwGif
(tDuGyf[dk;ESifhrif;orD;i,fav;) rSty/ tm;vHk;u bk&if}uD;&Jhpm;yGJ±Sd&modk@vm
cJh=uonf? tm;vHk;xGufoGm;+yD;aomtcg tDuGyf[dk;u rif;om;toGifajymif;
oGm;+yD; jrif;ysH}uD;pD;um bk&ifhpm;yGJ±Sd&modk@vmcJhonf? xdk@aemuf pm;yGJ±Sd&modk@
a&mufcsdefwGif pm;yGJab;±Sdopfyif}uD;wpfyifatmuf±Sd ausmufzsm}uD;ay:wGif
oGm;+yD;xdkifaevdkufonf? vltrsm;utHh=o}uD;pGmjzifh ol@udkyef;rsm;/ qefpyg;
rsm;jzifh vma&mufqufoavonf? xdk@aemuf tDuGyf[dk;vnf;jrif;ysHpD;+yD; rd
rdeef;awmfodk@jyefvmcJhonf?

34
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

tjcm;nDtpfrrsm;jyefvmaomtcg tDuGyf[dk;ESifhol.ZeD;udk tb,fha=umifh

ysif;&d+yD; pm;yGJodk@roGm;a=umif;qlyl=uavonf? xdk@aemuf “tpfrwdk@pm;yGJ
oGm;wm tHh=op&mwpfckeJ@}uHKawG@&w,f? 'gudk eifwdk@ZeD;armifESHESpfa,muf
u b,fawmhrSawG@&rSmr[kwfbl;?” rif;orD;i,fu &,fcsif+yD; ta=umif;pHkudk
ajymjycsifaomfvnf; aemufqHk;bmrSrajymawmhacs?

rsm;r=umrDwGif bk&if}uD;rS tdyfrufwpfckudkjrifrufavonf? xdktdyfrufxJrSm

p}uFmewfrif;uol@qDudkvm+yD; “7 &uftwGif; igh&Jhwdkif;jynfudk oHwrefap
v$wfvdkufyg? 'grSr[kwf&if oifwu,faovdrfhr,f” bk&if}uD;uajcmuf&uf
twGif; rdrd.wdkif;jynfwpfjynfvHk;txufatmufvSefavSm±Smaomfvnf;ewf
rif;xHodk@ oHwreftjzpfodk@oGm;rnfholudk ±SmrawG@acs? 'gha=umifhbk&if}uD;u
aovkrwwf pdk;&drfa=umifhvef@owJh?

orD;axG;uzcrnf;awmfudk “zcrnf;awmf/ rylygeJ@/ tDuGyf[dk;uzcrnf;awmf

twGufoGm;ygvdrfhr,f” 'gayrJhol@udkb,folrSr,Hk=unfay?

ckESpf&ufae@a&mufaomtcg tDuGyf[dk;u acsmarmvSyaomrif;om;toGif

jzifh ajymif;vJoGm;+yD; ol@&Jhjrif;ysH}uD;ESifhtwl ewfp}uFm.wdkif;jynfudkoGm;+yD;
owif;oGm;,lavonf?

Tonfudk=unfhI tpfrawmfrsm;u tDuGyf[dk;ESifhvufrxyf&onfudkESarsm

wojzpf=uavonf? odk@aomforD;axG;u “tpfrawmfwdk@u tcGifhta&;&ay
rJhr,lcJh=ubl; -- tckvdkcsifayr,fh aemufusoGm;+yD” Todk@jzifh tDuGyf[dk;jyef
a&mufvmaomtcg rif;orD;av;ESifhtwl toufxufqHk;aysmf±$ifpGmaexdkif
oGm;avonf?

35
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

avmb}uD;aomqif;&Jom;vkvif

a±S;oa&mtcgu tvGefqif;&JwJhvkvifwpfOD;±SdowJh? wpfae@rSm +rdK@xJqDr

±SdawmhwJhowif;udk =um;&vdk@ ol@rdwfaqGawGqDu aiGtenf;i,fawmif;,l
w,f? tJ'DaiGeJ@ olqD0,f,l+yD; +rdK@udkqif;oGm;w,f? vkvif[m0g;vHk;eJ@qDESpf
yHk;udk ykcHk;ay:rSmxrf;oGm;w,f? vrf;rSm olzGwfwpfaumifeJ@awG@wJhtcgzGwfu
ol@udkawG@awG@csif;yJta0;udkxGufajy;oGm;awmhw,f? vkvif[m'DzGwfudkowf
pm;csifvdk@ zrf;,lzdk@jyifqifvdkufw,f? zGwfvJajy;/ olvJaemufuxyf=uyfrcGm
ajy;vdkufw,f? aemufqHk;awmh zGwf[mwGif;wpfckxJrSm aysmufuG,foGm;
w,f? 'Dawmh vkvif[mykcHk;ay:u qDESpfyHk;udkajr}uD;ay:wGifcsxm;um zGwfudk
zrf;vdk@&zdk@ ajrwGif;udkwl;azmfaew,f? 'gayrJhtJ'DrSmola±$tdk;oHk;vHk;eJ@aiGtdk;oHk;
vHk;udk tHh}opGmawG@&w,f? vkvift&rf;0rf;omvdk@tJ'Dtdk; 6 vHk;eJ@qDtdk;awG
udk}udK;pm;xrf;,lvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh =umvmwJhtcg tdk;awGt&rf;av;vm
w,f?

36
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

'geJ@ “ightwGuf 'DqDbmtoHk;t0ifrSmvJ -- tckighrSm a±$aiGawG±SdwmyJ - 'D

qDtdk;udkigypfxm;cJhawmhr,f” vdk@ol@udk,folajym+yD; qDawGudkvrf;rSmxm;cJh
uma±$tdk;aiGtdk;udkxrf;,l+yD; +rdK@udkc&D;qufxGufcJhawmhw,f? ol+rdK@xJa&muf
wJhtcg 'Dae@aps;±Sdwmudkolod&w,f? olxrf;vmwJhtdk;awGvJ t&rf;av;wm
yJ? aps;xJrSm±SdwJh rdwfaqGawGudkoloGm;awG@csifvdk@ tdrfwtdrfxJ0ifoGm;+yD; --
“usKyftdk; awG'DrSmxm;cJhvdk@&rvm; -- 'Dtdk;awGxJrSm qDenf;enf;yJ±Sdw,f”
vdk@ajymowJh?

aemufrSm ol[ma±$tdk;aiGtdk;awGudk xdktdrfwGifxm;&pfcJhum oli,fcsif;awG

qDwpfaeukefoGm;vnf+yD; olcsrf;om+yD;vdk‹a=umfjimw,f? na&mufawmhol@
tdk;udkoljyef,lr,fhtcg/ tdk;udk b,ftdrfrSmxm;cJhrSef;olrrSwfrdawmhbl;? ol
wpftdrf0ifwpftdrfxGufar;=unfhwJhtcg tdrf±SifawGuol@udk/ “toif/ u|Ekfyf
wdk@tdrfrSmqDtdk;rxm;cJhygbl;” vdk@ajymw,f?

olwpfae@vHk;±Sm=unfhwJhaemufydkif; a±$aiGawG&Edk;Edk;eJ@zGwfwGif;±SdwJhae&mudkjyef
vmcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh pmwpfapmifuvGJ+yD; olbmrSrawG@bl;? pmxJrSma&;xm;
wmuawmh “toif/ 'Dae@a±$tdk;aiGtdk;ydkif±Sifu ol@a±$tdk;aiGtdk;awGudk+rdK@ xJ
xrf;ay;wJhwpfae@pmvkyftm;c” vdk‹qdk+yD; aiGtenf;i,fxm;cJhay;w,f?

ol[m qDtdk;rypfxm;cJh&iftaumif;om;vdk@aemifw&aerdawmhw,f? aemuf

qHk;Yqif;&Jom;vkvif[m ol.a±$tdk;aiGtdk;aysmufoGm;vdk@ ,l}uHK;r&jzpfwJhr
uqDtdk;ygr&awmhyJ ±Gmodk@0rf;enf;pGmjzifh jyefvmcJh&awmhw,f?

37
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

OD;wdef

vGefav+yD;aomtcgu aumfprfyDqdkaom bk&ifr}uD;wpfyg;±SdavowJh?

wpfae@Y bk&ifr}uD;tzsm;wufI 0&efwmay:wGifvJavsmif;I tdyfzdk@}udK;pm;
aeavonf? bk&ifr}uD;onf awmufyaomydk;xnfteDwpfxnfudk+cHKxm;
avonf?

xkdtcsdef iSuf}uD;wpfaumifav[kefxdk;um ysHoef;aevifhupm; trSwfrxif

bk&ifr}uD;udkawG@aomtcgY bk&ifr}uD;±Sd&mae&modk@ysHqif;vm+yD; ydk;xnft
eDwpfxnfudk tom;wHk;tjzpfxifrdI bk&ifr}uD;udk ta0;odk@csDaqmifoGm;
avonf? rdkifaygif;rsm;pGmysHoef;vmcJhum opfyif}uD;wpfyifqDodk@a&mufaomf

38
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

opfyif}uD;. tudkif;tcufrsm;t=um;wGif bk&ifr}uD;onf om;awmfwpfyg;

zGm;jrifawmfrlavonf? uav;upI toHjyKidkvdkufaomtcg iSuf}uD;onf
uav;i,fudk*±k%m oufrdojzifh rdcifbk&ifr}uD;ESifh uav;i,fudkopfyif}uD;
wGifxm;&pfcJhum ta0;odk@ysHoef;oGm;avonf?

rsm;r=umrD/ &aohESpfyg;onf vrf;c&D;wGif xdkae&mudkjzwfausmfoGm;&onfhtcg

uav;i,f.idkoHudk=um;aomf ,if;wdk@armfh=unfhvdkufaomtcg bk&ifr}uD;
u uav;i,fudkvufESpfzufESifhayG@csDxm;udkawG‹&onf? &aohESpfyg;onf opf
yifay:odk@wufI rdcifESifh uav;udkajr}uD;ay:odk@csay;onf?

&aohrsm;u uav;i,fudk “OD;wdef” vdk@ uifyGef;wwfay;onf? OD;wdef.

t"dy`g,frSm “jrLqdkif;aom&moDOwk” jzpfavonf? wjznf;jznf;oli,fav;
onf awmtkyf}uD;xJY oefrm&J&ifhpGm}uD; jyif;vmcJh+yD; pGef@pm;r_rsm;pGm}uHK
awG@vmcJh&onf?

wpfae@Y/ &aohonf bk&ifr}uD;tm;Todk@ajymavonf? “wpfjrefnrSm/ t

u|Efkyf=u,fawG avhvm=unfhaomtcgY “aumfprfyD” .bk&iftedpPa&muf
oGm;a=umif;od±Sd&avonf?” bk&ifr}uD;onfxdkodk@owif;=um;avaomtcg
ikd,dkavawmhonf? xdktcg &aohubk&ifr}uD;tm; “tb,fa=umifh bk&ifr
idk&oenf;” [kar;awmfrlavonf? “xdkbk&ifonf tu|Efkyf.=uif,mawmf
jzpfawmfrl.” [kajzqdkavonf?

&aoh}uD;wGif xl;qef;aom apmif;}udK;ckESpfpif;±Sdavonf? xdkapmif;udkOD;wdef

tm;ay;vdkufonf? bk&ifr}uD;vnf; om;awmfudka±$vufaumufwpfuGif;/
a±$vufpGyfwpfuGif;ESifh ydk;xnfteDwpfxnfudkay;aqmifum aumfprfyDae
jynfawmft&yfodk@oGm;aponf?

39
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

&ufaygif;rsm;pGmajcusifc&D;ESifvmcJh&+yD;onfhaemufydkif;/ nOfheufonfhtcg +rdK@

wHcg;}uD;a±S›odk@a&muf±Sdvmonf? odk@aomf +rdK@wHcg;ydwfxm;onfudkawG@&.?
+rdK@awmfwHcg;zGifhay;zdk@ olatmfac:aeavaomtcg +rdK@awmfwHcg;rSL;xGufvm
+yD; ol@tm;bmtvdk±Sda=umif;ar;jref;.?

OD;wdefu/ “u|Efkyf[m aoqHk;oGm;wJh bk&if&Jhom;awmfjzpf.” [kajzqdkav

aomtcg wHcg;rSL;onfrSL;}uD; rwf&mrsm;udk Tta=umif;av#muf=um;ojzifh/
,if;wdk@onf+rdK@wHcg;odk@a&mufvm+yD;Todk@ “toifonfbk&if.om;awmfjzpf
a=umif;rdcifxHrS rnfonfht&mrsm;udk oufaotaxmuftxm;tjzpf,l
aqmifvmoenf;” [kar;aomf OD;wdefonf ol,laqmifvmonfha±$vuf
aumuf/ vufpGyfESifhydk;xnfteDudkjyav.?

xdktcg rSL;}uD;rwf&mrsm;u/ “rSefyg. – toifvkvifonf tu|Efkyfwdk@.bk

&ifjzpfawmfrl.” [kav#mufqdkojzifh xdktcsdefrSpI OD;wdefonfxdk+rdK@awmfwGif
bk&if}uD;tjzpf pdk;rdk;tkyfcsKyfavonf?

wpfae@aomtcg/ OD;wdefonf ,if;Y±Sdaomwefcdk;udkjycsifI ol.apmif;udkwD;

av.? yxrapmif;}udK;udk wD;cwfaomtcg/ qifwdk@ESifh tjcm;aomt&mwdk@
onfta0;udkxGufajy;oGm;=u.? 'kwd,apmif;}udK;udkwD;cwfaomtcg vlwdk@
ESifh0dOmOfwdk@onf ol.om,maysmhajymif;vSaomwD;r_wfoHudk vma&mufem;
qifIxl;qef;tHh=ozG,faumif;aom aw;oHudk +idrfoufpGmem;qifae=u.?
wwd,apmif;}udK;udkwD;cwfvdkufaomtcg qifwdk@onf jyefvm=u+yD; OD;wdef
udk±Sdcdk;OD;cs=u.? xdkowif;onf wdkif;jynftESH@tjym;odk@ysH@vGifhoGm;+yD; tjcm;
wdkif;wyg;tESH@tjym;odk@vnf; owif;ausmfaZmfoGm;avonf?

tjcm;wdkif;jynfrS bk&if}uD;wpfyg;u Tom,maysmhaysmif;vSaom wl&d,t

a=umif;udk=um;&ojzifh rdrdtkyfpdk;vdkcsifaom pdwfrsm;ay:vmavonf/ olu

40
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

vuform;rsm;udkac:,lI qif}uD;wpfaumifyHkudkxkvkyfcdkif;avonf? qif}uD;

twGif;udk a[mif;avmif;xm;cdkif;+yD; ajcqpfvufqpfrsm;pojzifh tqpfrsm;
udkwyfcdkif;avonf? qifudk,fvHk;udk tjzLa&mifqdk;+yD; qifpG,fudkteDa&mifqdk;
vdkufonf? qifxJwGif vlrsm;udk0ifa&mufaecdkif;+yD; vltrsm;udkqif}uD;txJ
rSaeapI }udK;qGJcdkif;avonf? xdk@a=umifh qif}uD;rSm vrf;av#mufwwfouJhodk@
ESmarmif;/ em;±Guf/ t+rD;/ ajcESifhvufrsm;udkv_yf±Sm;jyEdkif+yD; qif}uD;.OD;acgif;
udkyifb,fnmv_yf,rf;jyEdkifonf?

xdk@a=umifh vltrsm;u xdkqif±kyf}uD;udkbk&if}uD;OD;wdefxHodk@ ac:aqmifvm

onf? odk@aomfOD;wdefrSqif±kyf}uD;xJwGif vl±Sda=umif;roday? xdk@a=umifh rdrd.
apmif;udk,lvm+yD; qif}uD;ab;wGifxdkifumqif}uD;udkwD;cwfjyavonf? odk@
aomfqif}uD;u olwD;cwfaeonfudk em;raxmifyJ ta0;odk@xGufoGm;av
onf? qif}uD;ubk&if}uD;OD;wdefaemufudkvdkuf&rnfhtpm; bk&ifOD;wdefuqif
}uD;aemufrSvdkufvm&avonf?

Todk@jzifh apmif;vdkcsifaom tjcm;bk&if.wkdif;jynfodk@ a&mufvmonfhtcg

apmif;vdkcsifonfhbk&if}uD;u ol@udkzrf;IaxmifoGif;tusOf;cs+yD; apmif;udk
odrf;,lvdkufonf? bk&ifOD;wdefuolwdk@udk “usKyfapmif;,layr,fh – usKyf&Jh*g
xmudkrod&iftvum;yJvdk@” qdkw,f?

'DvdkeJ@&JrufawGu apmif;udkbk&if}uD;xHvmqufoonfhtcg Tta=umif;

udkajymjyavonf? Todk@jzifh bk&if}uD;u/ “'gqdk&if 'D*gxmudkb,fol@udkoif
ay;EdkifrvJ” vdk@jyefar;&efrdef@awmfrlonf? Tonfudk=um;onfhtcg bk&ifOD;
wdefu/ “'D*gxmudk bk&ifhorD;awmfudkomoif=um;ay;r,f” vdk@qdkw,f? bk
&if}uD;u *gxmvdkcsifwJhaZmeJ@ ol@orD;awmfwpfyg;udk *gxmoif,lcdkif;w,f?

'gayrJh ol@orD;udkawmh bk&ifOD;wdefudk tawG@rcHcdkif;bl;? ol@orD;awmfeJ@OD;wdef

41
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

=um;rSmuef@vef@umxlxl}uD; wpfxnfumxm;+yD;OD;wdefxHoGm;Ibk&ifhorD;
awmfonfrsufrjrifonfhtjyiftvGeft±kyfqdk;a=umif;ajym+yD; rif;orD;xHoGm;
+yD;OD;wdef.rsufESmwGif ausmufaygufrsm;jynfh+yD; t±kyfqdk;vSa=umif;ajymjy
onf?

Todk@jzifh OD;wdefonf rif;orD;xHoGm;+yD; *gxmrsm;udkae@pOfoif=um;ay;av

onf? odk@aomfrif;orD;u wpfcgrSrrSwfrdojzifhOD;wdefrSpdwfqdk;vm+yD; “rsuf
uef;rif;orD;a&/ rif;[mrvSwJhtjyif wu,fvJOm%fxdkif;w,f” vdk@ajymcs
vdkufw,f? rif;orD;vJpdwfqdk;vSpGmjzifh/ “tr,fav; -- ausmufaygufrmeJ@
vla& u|efrudkbmjzpfvdk@ 'Davmufawmifajym&wmvJ” 'DawmhOD;wdefuuef@
vef@um udkab;odk@a±$@vdkufwJhtcg acsmarmvSyaomrif;orD;udk awG@&ojzifh
ESpfa,mufom;cspf}udKufoGm;=uavonf? c%t=umwGif OD;wdefurif;orD;
udkol@aemufvdkufajy;oGm;rvm;[kar;onf? rif;orD;u/ “vdkufcsifygw,f –
'gayrJh 'Deef;awmf}uD;rSm tvGeftajy;jrefwJhqifESpfaumif±Sdw,f? ol@udkv$wf
atmifwdk@rajy;Edkifbl; -- 'gayrJh'DqifudkpD;+yD;ajy;&ifvJ b,folrSaemufudkr
vdkufEdkifbl;”

rif;orD;[m ol@zcrnf;awmfxHoGm;+yD;/ “zcrnf;awmf -- ±kyfqdk;vSwJhq&m

}uD;u u|efrudka±$wpftdwf/ aiGwpftdwf/ ausmufoHywWjrm;wpftdwf,lcdkif;
+yD;awmxJudkoGm;+yD;ewfudkylaZmfyocdkif;w,f/ 'DvdkrS'D*gxmudkaumif;aumif;
wwfrSmjzpfw,f”'DvdkeJ@bk&if}uD;uol@vdkcsifwJht&mtm;vHk;udkay;vdkufw,f?
aemufwpfae@rif;orD;eJ@OD;wdefwdk@vnf;qif}uD;ay:wufpD;+yD; c&D;xGufcJhw,f?
oloGm;vdkwJhae&m “aumfprfyD” udka&mufzdk@twGuf ckESpfvawmif=umowJh?
'gayr,fh vlawGu qif/ rif;orD;eJ@OD;wdefaysmufoGm;wJhtwGuf bk&if}uD;udk
oGm;a&mufta=umif;=um;owJh? bk&if}uD;uvnf; orD;awmfeJ@qif udkvdkuf
±Smcdkif;owJh?

ckESpf&uf=umwJhtcg qif}uD;a&mufvkeD;yg;wJhtcg rif;orD;u aiG'grSr[kwfa±$

42
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

wpfqkyf}uJcsay;w,f? vlawGvnf; a±$aiGwdk@udkvdkufaumuf,lwJhtwGufc&D;

=uef@oGm;w,f? 'Dvdkwjznf;jznf;eJ@aemufqHk;ausmufoHywWjrm;wpfqkyfudkypf
csvdkufwJhtcg vlawGutcsdef&ufaygif;rsm;pGm,l+yD; aumuf&wJhtwGufolwdk@
aemufudkvdkufrrDawmhbl;? usvmwJha±$/ aiG/ ausmufoHywWjrm;awGudkvnf;
tm;vHk;raumufEdkifwJhtwGufajr}uD;xJrSmvnf;,ckxufxdusefao;w,f?

43
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

xrif;vHk;wpfvHk;a=umifh
a±S;tcguarmifESrESpfOD;±Sdonf? wdkif;jynfwGif iwfrGwfacgif;yg;csdefY xrif;
vHk;wvHk;udkawG@&m armifwvSnfh/ ESrwvSnfhpDtqmajyiHk=u&avonf/ ESr
uav;tvSnfhwGif xrif;vHk;iHk&if; 0rf;xJ0ifoGm;&m armifuESr&ifudkcGJ+yD; x
rif;vHk;udk,lpm;vdkufonf? ESronf b0ajymif;oGm;+yD; iSufjzpfavonf?

armifvnf;ESrudk oem;+yD; &ifuGJemusao&miSufjzpfvmonf? armifuESrem

rnf “apma±$” [kac:onf? ESrujyefatmf&m “pyg;ayg+yD/ qefayg+yD” [katmf
onf? apma±$[kac:oHESifhwlatmifatmfaomiSufrsm;rSm"Ekrsm;aexkdif&ma'
owGif,cktxd±Sdonf[kqdkonf?

rkqdk;vifr,m;
w&Ha&mtcgu rkqdk;vifr,m;±Sdw,f? vifunzufrSm ,mcif;rsm;wGifvifh
pifrS apmifh&ojzifh naexrif;ydk@vm&efr,m;tm;rSmxm;onf? r,m;xrif;
vmydkŒaomtcg awmajcmufojzifh pdkiftrSwf/ qwftrSwfxifrSwf+yD;ypfvdkuf
&m r,m;aooGm;umiSufjzpfoGm;onf? vifrkqdk;vnf;pdwfnpf+yD; aoav
aomfiSufjzpfoGm;onf? r,m;iSufu “pdkifavm/ qwfavm” [katmfonf?
vifiSufu “rSm;vdk@/ rSm;vdk@” [katmfonf?

44
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

usm;u|
;u|Jrpm;onfhta=umif;

a±S;oa&mtcgu vifr,m;wlpHk±Sd=uonf? xdkESpfOD;wdk@onf usm;uav;

wpfaumifarG;xm;&m,Ofyg;aeonf? xdktcgu usm;wdk@onftusm;tuGuf
r±Sd/ vHk;0jzLonf? tdrfaqmuf&efvifr,m;wdk@ oufu,f&dwfoGm;=u&musm;
uav;u oufu,frsm;udk ausmay:wifo,faqmifay;onf? wpfae@aom
tcg usm;uav;ausmay:±Sdoufu,ftm;rD;avmif&m usm;uav;rD;ylIajy;
avonf?

EGm;udkawG@I rD;+idrf;&efrnfodk@jyKvkyf&rnfudkar;aomf EGm;uusm;tm;rD;avmif

ap&efpdwfxm;ESifhawmifay:wufajy;[kajymonf? usm;vnf;EGm;ajymonfh
twdkif;awmifay:ajy;wuf&mavyifh+yD;rD;awmufrsm;ydkrdkjyif;xefvmavonf?
u|JudkawG@jyefojzifh rD;+idrf;&efar;jref;jyef&m u|Jupdwfaumif;/ apwemaumif;
ESifha&uefwGif;qif;ajy;&efajym&m usm;qif;ajy;rStoufcsrf;om&m&onf?
usm;udk,fay:rSrD;awmufonf u|Jvnfyif;tm;[yfrdojzifh ,cktxdu|Jvnf
yif;jzLaeonf? usm;vnf; xdktcgrSpI rD;avmifcH&aom'%fa=umifh uGuf
usm;jzpfoGm;onf?

EGm;onf raumif;}uHoljzpfaoma=umifh usm;onfEGm;awG@wdkif;udkufowfpm;

onf? u|JrSmtoufocifaus;Zl;±Sifjzpfaoma=umifh u|Judkusm;u rudkufacs?
xdk@a=umifhu|Jrsm;udkusm;udkuf±dk;xHk;pHr±Sd? ±SdcJhaomf ±GmwGifraumif;r_wpfckckr
jyKvkyftyfaom udpPwpfckckrSm;,Gif;rdaoma=umifh omjzpfonf[k,Hk=unf=u
onf?

45
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

±Srf;trsdK;om;wdkŒ.
ta=umif;wpfaphwpfapmif;

±Srf;trsdK;om;wdk‹wGif udk,fydkif,Ofaus;r_ESifh vSyaomtusifhp±dkufrsm;±Sdav

onf? ±Srf;trsdK;om;wdk‹ta=umif;wpfaphwpfapmif;avhvm=uygpdk‹?

tpm;tpm - ±Srf;trsdK;om;wdk@onf tjcm;aomwdkif;&if;om;rsm;enf;wl x

rif;ESifh[if;rsm;udkpm;=uonf? aus;±Gmrsm;wGifaexdkif=uaom ±Srf;trsdK;om;
wdk@url wpfae@v#if oHk;}udrfpm;=uonf? v,fawmodk@qif;onfhtcg tqmcH
Edkif&ef aumufn‡if;rsm;udkvnf;pm;=uonf? yJykyfrSm±Srf;trsdK;om;wdk@. iyd/
iefjym&nfjzpfonf? yJykyftajcmufrSm ±Srf;tdrfwdkif;wGif±Sdonf? ajrmufydkif;±Srf;
rsm;onfrkefnif;/ rkefvm/ t±GuftoD;rsm;udktcsOf/ tief/ tpyfxnfhpdrfum

46
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

pm;aomuf=uonf? aumufn‡if;icsdyfESifhjyKvkyfaom acgykyfrSm ±Srf;wdk@.rkef@yJ

om;a&pmjzpfonf? uGrf;aq;vufzufrsm;udk ±Srf;wdkif;pm;oHk;=uonf? ±Srf;t
rsdK;om;wdk@onf a&at;xufvufzuf&nf=urf;udk aomufoHk;avh±Sd+yD;aomuf
aomtcgwGif qm;cwfaomuf=uonf?

wl&d,ESifhoDcsif;rsm; - ±Srf;trsdK;om;wkd@. wl&d,ypPnf;rsm;rSm ±Srf;tdk;pnf/

armif;/ armif;qdkif;/ vif;uGif;ESifh0g;vufckyfrsm;jzpf=uonf? ±Srf;tdk;pnfrSm±Srf;
wl&d,mwGift"dujzpfonf?

armif;qdkif;rSm ajcmufvHk;±Sdaomarmif;rsm;udk tpOfvdkufpD+yD; opfom;abmif

wGifcsdwfIwkwfwHwpfckwGif wD;p&mbkajcmufvHk;wyfxm;+yD; vufudkifrSwpf
csufwD;vdkufjcif;jzifh ajcmufvHk;pvHk;jrnfaponf?

wD;0dkif;pm&if;r0ifyJ wpfOD;csif;wD;r_wfaom wl&d,mypPnf;rsm;vnf; ±Sdao;

onf? opfom;ESifhjyKvkyfxm;aom oHk;}udK;wyfapmif;i,f/ Al;oD;ajcmufESifh
opfom;wdk@jzifhvkyfxm;aom wa,mrsm;jzpfonf? ,if;u&d,mwkd@udk wpfOD;
csif;taeESifh vlysdKvSnfh&mwGif wD;r_wf=uonf? n‡if;oGJ@EGJ@ajymif;aom toH
rsm;±Sd+yD; ESpfudk,f=um;toHjrnfEdkifonf?

ta±SmifESifhtaqmifrsm; - ukefonftdrfrsm;wGifyavGr_wfjcif;/ avc|efjcif;

rjyKvkyf&? vyfbdwfwwfonf[k,lq=uonf? ZD;uGufrsm;&yf±GmwGif atmf
jrnfygu ESmap;acsmif;qdk;jzpfwwfonf? tdrf±SifcGifhrjyKyJ tdrf±Sifa,mufsm;.
oD;oef@ae&modk@roGm;&? tdrfay:wufv#if zdeyfc|wf&onf? au|;arG;{nfh0wf
jyKaomtpm;tpm/ vufzuf&nfrsm;udkpm;oHk;rS oabmusonf? rpm;yJae
v#if ±dkif;pdkif;onf[k ,lq=uonf?

±Srf;trsdK;om;rsm;onf pD;yGm;a&;ESifhqdkifaom ±dk;&m"avhrsm;udk jyKvkyfavh±Sd

47
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

onf? ,if;wdk@rSmtxl;ojzifh v,f,mrsm;ESifh ywfoufonf? rdk;OD;usv,f

awmqif;csdefwGif rdk;rrSef/ avrrSefjzpfcJhaomfvGefqGJjcif;/ ,Hk=unfudk;pm;&mbk
&m;ewfwdk@tm; ylaZmfyojcif;jyKonf? v,f,mrsm;wGif ydk;r$m;usa&mufo
jzihf pdkufysdK;xm;aomaumufyJoD;ESHrsm; ratmifjrifaomtcg rdrdwdk@raumif;
r_jyKvkyfcJhaoma=umifh tjypfwdk@rScGifhv$wf&ef awmif;yefjcif;/ v,f,mrsm;wGif
zsufqD;tHhaom raumif;r_tukodkvfrsm;yaysmuf&ef ewfylaZmfyojcif;jyKvkyf
avh±Sd.?

v,fxGefjcif;/ aumufpdkufjcif;rsm;udkvnf; ae@aumif;ae@jrwfa±G;cs,fjyKvkyf

avh±Sdonf? awmfovif;vausmfv#if aumufrpdkuf/ pdkufv#ifoD;ESHrxGuf[k
,lqonf?

pyg;rsm;&dwfodrf;+yD;aemuf pyg;wif;a&ydkrdkxGuf&ef v,fuGif;xJwGifrD;xGef;+yD;

qkawmif;yoavh±Sdonf? aumufvd_if;pnf;rsm;pkyHk+yD; pyg;reufrDpyg;ESHrsm;udkyk
cdkifcdkifac: bdk;O}uD;/ bGm;O}uD;[k trnfwyfxm;aom=uufOjyKwfESpfvHk;ESifhrHk@
rsm;wifo&onf?

pyg;rsm;udk tdrfodk@o,f,laomtcgwGif v,fuGif;/ ,mcif;rStdrftxd vrf;

wpfav#mufwGif pyg;yHkuav;rsm;tenf;i,fyHkcsxm;avh±Sdonf? xdkodk@yHkxm;
jcif;rSm aus;iSufowW0gtaygif;wdk@ESifh a0r#pm;jcif;jzpfonf? xdk@tjyifvrf;c&D;
Y tpm;tpmjywfolrsm;tm; pyg;±Sdaomae&modk@ tvG,fwul±SmazGEdkif&ef
vrf;jytjzpfyHkxm;cJhjcif;jzpfonf?

aA'ifynmESifhtwdwfedrdwfrsm; - ±Srf;rsm;onfaA'ifar;avhar;x±Sdonf?
ypPnf;aysmuf/ usef;rma&;tajctaersm;ESifhywfouf+yD;=uuf±dk;xdk;aA'ifudk
ar;=uonf? tdrfaqmuf&efae&ma±G;jcif;/ ausmif;aqmuf&efae&mtcga±G;
jcif;wGif pyg;udkyHk+yD;zHk;tkyfxm;&onf? xdk@aemuft"dXmefjyKonf? aemufwpf

48
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

ae@wGif xdktyHkudkzGifh=unfh+yD; pyg;aphudk “pHk/ r” a&wGuf&onf? “pHk” jzpfv#if

aumif;aom twdwfjzpfI “r” jzpfv#ifraumif;aomtwdwfjzpfonf? t
jcm;edrdwfzwfenf;rSm pyg;yHktajctae ysufrysuf=unfhjcif;jzpfonf? rysuf
v#ifaumif;onf? ysufv#if raumif;[kedrdwfzwfonf? aemufwpfrsdK;rSmpyg;
ta&twGufudk av;*%ef;ESifhpm;I ºuGif;aom*%ef;udk=unfh+yD;aumif;/ r
aumif;twdwfaumuf,l=uonf?

tdrf±Sifa,mufsm;c&D;a0;oGm;aomftdrf±Sifrubk&m;pifrSbk&m;yef;rnd‡K;atmif
*±kpdkufvJay;&onf? yef;rsm;n‡dK;oGm;jcif;/ ysufpD;jcif;/ ºuGufudkufoGm;jcif;udk
=unfh+yD; c&D;oGm;olab;tE W&m,fa&muf/ ra&muftwdwfaumufavh±Sdonf?
zsm;emaomtcgY tdrfwGifaq;0g;ukonf? awm±Gmrsm;wGif *gxmref;+yD;uko
aomaysmufap q&mrsm;udkom tm;udk;&onf? aq;za,mif;wdkifxGef;uk
aom"avhvnf;±Sdonf? tca=u;aiGray;&? tpm;tpm/ t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh
aysmufaomtcg q&mtm;uawmh=u&onf?

±Srf;trsdK;om;r*FvmvufxyfyGJ - ±Srf;trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;wdk@ r*Fvmaqmif

yGJrsm;rSm a'otvdkuf tenf;ESifhtrsm;uGJjym;=uonf?

rdbrsm;u awmif;&rf;ay;&mwGif OD;pGmyxr vlysdK.rdbrsm;onf tysdK.rdb

rsm;xHodk@oGm;Iajym&onf? tysdK.rdbrsm;u av;ig;&uftcsdef,l+yD; aqG;rsdK;
rsm;ESifhwdkifyif&onf? orD;.oabmudkar;&onf? orD;uoabmwlyguvl
ysdKzufodk@ta=umif;jyef=um;&onf? vlysdK.rdbrsm;uvl}uD;rsm;ESifhae‹aumif;
&ufoma±G;+yD; tysdK.rdbrsm;xH orD;awmif;&efvm=uonf? xdktcsdefwGif
tysdKtdrfYaqGrsdK;tpHka&mufae=u&onf? tysdKzufu vli,frsm;uvlysdKudk+cH
wHcg;0Ywpf}udrf/ tdrfwHcg;0ifwGifwpf }udrf}udK;wm;=uonf? aiGa=u;ay;rSzGifh
ay;=uonf?

49
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

tdrfay:odk@a&mufonfhtcg tysdKzufuvl}uD;ESpfOD;udk vlysdKzufuvl}uD;rsm;u

oGm;IE_wfquf&onf? tysdKzufuvl}uD;rsm;uvm&if;udpPudk rodcsifa,mif
aqmif+yD;ar;&onf? vlysdKzufu orD;vmawmif;onfhta=umif; ajymjy&
onf? Todk@ wpfzufESifhwpfzuf tjyeftvSefajymqdk=uonf? xkdodk@ ajymqdk
aepOf vlysdKzufuvifyef;wpfckwGif vufzufESpfxkyf/ uGrf;ESpfxkyf/ iSufaysmESpf
zD;/ tenf;qHk;aiGig;rwfESifh=uufOjyKwfESpfvHk;xnfhI tdrfaxmifpHktrsdK;orD;xH
ydk@xm;&onf? tu,fI pum;ajymvdk@r+yD;rD xdkvifyef;udkatmufcsxm;rdyg
utysdKzufu ,lpm;ypfEdkifonf? pum;ajym+yD;v#if em;vnfolwpfOD;u±Gwf
zwfay;&onf? xdk@aemufrS =uufOESpfvHk;rSwyg; vifyef;wGif;±Sdtpm;tpmw
0ufudkaqGrsdK;ESpfzuftm;au|;arG;+yD; usefw0ufudktdrftjyifwGif ewfyoI
qkawmif;jcif;jyK=uonf?

xdk@aemufrS vlysdKzufrS{nfhonfrsm;udk tysdKzufu xrif;au|;jyKpkonf? tysdK

ESifhvlysdKtwGufrl xrif;yGJwckoD;oef@jyifay;&onf? vlysdKESifhtysdKxrif;pm;ae
pOf tem;wGifuav;rsm;u om;orD;rsm;ozG,f =uufOESpfvHk;udkcGJ+yD; “azaz/
arar” [kac:um owdk@om;ESifhowdk@orD;wdk@tm; cGH@au|;&onf? csnfckESpfyif
ygonfh csnfref;uGif;jzifh owdk@om;owdk@orD;wdk@tm; pGyfay;&onf? vlysdKESifh
tysdKwjyefpD xrif;cGH@onfh"avhvnf;±Sdonf?

owdk@om;uowdk@orD;rdbtm; orD;arG;ay;onfhtwGuf aiGig;usyfudkEdk@bdk;t

jzpfuefawmh&onf? xdk@tjyiftysdKzufu aqGrsdK;rsm;twGuf wtdk;pm;v#if
wusyf/ ESpftdk;pm;v#ifESpfusyfponfjzifh aiGa=u;ay;&ao;onf? xdkodk@jyKvkyf
jcif;rSm aemifwae@vifr,m;oabmuGJvGJygu aqGrsdK;rsm;udkoufaoxl+yD;o
wdk@om;/ owdk@orD;wdk@tm;qHk;r&efjzpfonf?

tcsdK@a'orsm;wGif vufxyfyGJjyKvkyfv#if iSufaysmyGJudkjyifI ig;csOfxkyfrsm;udk

tkyfxJwGifxnfhxm;onf? ±GmxJrStouf}uD;&ifholwdk@u xdktxkyfrsm;udkajz

50
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

+yD;{nfhonfrsm;udkau|;arG;onf? a±$/ aiG xnfhxm;onfha&udkvufxyfay;ol

vl}uD;u owdk@orD;udkwdkufonf? owdk@orD;uwqifh owdk@om;tm;wdkuf
onf? vufzGJ@aomtavh±Sdonf? owdk@orD;t&H/ owdk@om;t&HESifhvufxyf
ay;olwdk@onf rdbpHkvifpGm±Sd+yD;i,fvif/ i,fr,m;tdrfaxmifpHkrsm;jzpf&onf?
vlysdK.rdbrsm;u tysdK.rdbrsm;xH orD;awmif;&mwGif wifawmif;aom
ypPnf;rSm a±$/ aiG/ t0wftpm;rsm;omjzpfonf? tdrfESifhajr,mrsm;udkwifr
awmif;=uay? vufxyfyGJukefusaiGudk a,mufsm;av;zufu tukefcH&onf?

±Srf;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;tcsdK@a'orsm;wGif rdef;uav;tm;oGm;a&mufawmif;
,l&mwGif a&tjynfhygaoma&waumif;wpfck/ ESpfawmifywfvnf±Sdaomzsm
acsmwcsyf/ uGrf;aq;tpHkxnfhxm;aom uGrf;tpfwvHk;? aq;vdyfxnfhxm;
aom aq;vdyfcGufwcGufESifhoGm;awmif;&onf?

±Srf;jynfe,fawmifydkif;tcsdK@a'orsm;wGif vufzufpdkwyd\m/ qm;wyd\m/

}uHoumwyd\m/ qiftefiSufaysmzD;wpfzD;ESifh rdef;uav;rdb odk@r[kwf
tkyfxdef;olxHvma&mufuefawmh+yD; rdef;uav;0wfqif&efa±$wdkaiGp tqif
wefqmrsm;udkyg ,laqmifoGm;&onf?

awmif;&rf;&mwGif uGrf;awmhawmfac: wzufESifhwzuf tcsDtcspum;ajymqdk

=u&mwGif =um;0ifajym&rnfh pum;ajymvdrRmu|rf;usifol/ tm0Z…ef;±Sd+yD; vl
a&;vl&modem;vnfol (trsm;tm;jzifhvlysdKacgif;) wa,mufa,mufudkiSm;
&rf;ac:aqmifum oGm;awmif;avh±Sdonf? r*FvmyGJudkvnf; owdk@orD;tdrf
wGifomjyKvkyfavh±Sdonf?

a±S;±Srf;yHkjyifrS cGefqefavm ESifh eef;OD;jrifhwdk@udktpGJjyK+yD; owdk@om;/ owdk@orD;

tdrfodk@tvmvrf;wGif a±$}udK;/ aiG}udK;wm;=uonf? vufxyf+yD;ckESpf&uft

51
 ½Srf;½dk;&myHkjyifrsm;

wGif;c&D;xGufavhr±Sd=uay? a,muQrtdrfwGif tenf;qHk;wpfESpfae+yD;rS tdrf

axmifcGJvdkucGJae=uavh±Sdonf? TonfrSm±Srf; trsdK;om;wdk@.r*Fvmvuf
xyfyGJ"avhxHk;pHjzpfonf?

52