The Jam

The Jam were an English mod revival/punk rock band during the 1970s and early
The Jam
1980s, which formed in 1972 at Sheerwater Secondary School in Woking, in the
county of Surrey.

While it shared the "angry young man" outlook and fast tempo of the contemporary
mid-1970s' British Punk Rock movement, in contrast with it the band wore smartly
tailored suits reminiscent of English pop-bands in the early 1960s, and incorporated
mainstream 1960s rock and R&B influences into its sound, particularly from The
Who's work of that period, and also drew influence from the work of The Kinks and
the music of American Motown. This placed the act at the forefront of the
The Jam performing live in
1970s/1980s nascent Mod Revival movement.
Newcastle upon Tyne during their
Trans-global Unity tour, 1982[1]
The band released 18 consecutive Top 40 singles in the United Kingdom, from their Background information
debut in 1977 to their break-up in December 1982, including four number one hits.
Origin Woking, Surrey,
As of 2007, "That's Entertainment" and "Just Who Is the 5 O'Clock Hero?" remained
England
the best-selling import singles of all time in the UK.[4] They released one live album
and six studio albums, the last of which,The Gift, hit number one on theUK Albums Genres Mod revival ·
Chart. When the group disbanded in 1982, their first 15 singles were re-released and punk rock · new
all placed within the top 100.[5] wave · power
pop[2][3]
The band drew upon a variety of stylistic influences over the course of their career,
Years active 1972–1982
including 1960s beat music, soul, rhythm and blues and psychedelic rock, as well as
Labels Polydor
1970s punk and new wave. The trio were known for their melodic pop songs, their
distinctly English flavour and theirmod image. The band launched the career ofPaul Associated acts The Style Council
Weller, who went on to form The Style Council and later had a successful solo · From the Jam ·
career. Weller wrote and sang most of The Jam's original compositions, and he Time UK · Sharp
played lead guitar, using a Rickenbacker 330. Bruce Foxton provided backing vocals
Past members Paul Weller
and prominent basslines, which were the foundation of many of the band's songs,
Steve Brookes
including the hits "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight", "The Eton Rifles",
Rick Buckler
"Going Underground" and "Town Called Malice" mainly using a Rickenbacker 4001
Dave Waller
or a Fender Precision Bass, as well as, on rare occasions, anEpiphone Rivoli.
Bruce Foxton
Jam biographer Sean Egan summed up what made The Jam so special when he
[6]
observed that they "took social protest and cultural authenticity to the top of the charts."

Contents
History
Formation (1972–1976)
Early recordings (1977)
All Mod Cons (1978)
Setting Sons & Sound Affects (1979–1981)
The Gift and break-up (1981–1982)
After The Jam (1983–2006)
From the Jam (2007–present)
 Exhibition
Personnel
The Jam
The Gift
From the Jam
Timeline
Discography
The Jam
Studio albums
From the Jam
Further reading
References
External links

History

Formation (1972–1976)
The Jam formed in Woking, Surrey, England, in 1972. The line-up was fluid at this stage, consisting of Paul Weller on bass and lead
vocals[7] together with various friends at Sheerwater Secondary School. They played their first gigs at Michael's, a local club. The
line-up began to solidify in the mid-1970s with Weller, guitarist Steve Brookes and drummer Rick Buckler. In their early years, their
sets consisted of covers of early American rock and roll songs by the likes of Chuck Berry and Little Richard. They continued in this
vein until Weller discovered The Who's debut album My Generation and became fascinated with Mod music and lifestyle. As he said
later, "I saw that through becoming a Mod it would give me a base and an angle to write from, and this we eventually did. We went
out and bought suits and started playing Motown, Stax and Atlantic covers. I bought a Rickenbacker guitar, a Lambretta GP 150 and
tried to style my hair like Steve Marriott's circa '66."[8] Eventually Brookes left the band, and was not replaced. Up to this point
Weller had been playing bass and Foxton had been the band's second guitar player; he persuaded Foxton to take over bass duties and
developed a combined lead/rhythm guitar style influenced by The Who's Pete Townshend as well as Dr. Feelgood guitarist Wilko
Johnson. The line-up of Weller, Foxton, and Buckler would persist until the end of The Jam's career
.

eller's father, John Weller, who then managed Paul's career until he (John) died in 2009.[9]
Throughout, the band were managed by W

In the following two years, The Jam gained a small following around London from playing minor gigs, becoming one of the new
lights on the nascent punk scene. In many ways, however, they stood out from their punk peers. Though they shared an "angry young
men" outlook, short hair, crushing volume and lightning-fast tempos, the Jam wore neatly tailored suits where others wore ripped
clothes, played professionally where others were defiantly amateurish, and displayed clear 1960s rock influences where others were
disdainful (at least ostensibly) of such music (which had been a major influence on the "stadium rock" and "prog rock" of the 1970s).
Indeed, the band were tagged by some journalists as "revivalists". They were signed to Polydor Records by Chris Parry in early 1977.

Early recordings (1977)

On 29 April 1977, Polydor released The Jam's debut single, "In the City", which charted in the Top 40 in England.[10] On 20 May,
the band released their debut album of the same name.[11] The album, like those of The Clash and the Sex Pistols, featured fast, loud
and pointed songs. What set it apart from the records of those two bands was its more prevalent 1960s rock influences. The Jam
covered Larry Williams's "Slow Down" (also covered by The Beatles) and the theme song of the 1960s TV series Batman,[12] which
was somewhat of a standard for 1960s rock bands. Their originals revealed the influence of Motown Records, The Beatles and The
Who.
The Jam had political lyrics, condemning police brutality ("In the City") and expansionist development ("Bricks And Mortar").
However, one of their most openly political songs, "Time For Truth", bemoaned the decline of the British Empire and expressed
disparaging sentiments about "Uncle Jimmy" (the Prime Minister, James Callaghan) in no uncertain terms ("Whatever happened to
the great Empire?" / "I think it's time for truth, and the truth is you lost, Uncle Jimmy"). These pro-Empire sentiments and
ostentatious displays of the Union Flag began to earn the group the tag of "Conservative". Misunderstandings in the music press
about The Jam's political or social stance are usually attributed to Weller's lyrical perspective. Even as he pointed out what he saw as
wrong and demanded change, Weller's lyrics reflected a deep affection for an idealised vision of England, much in the style of The
Kinks' Ray Davies. This contrasted with theSex Pistols' calls for destruction, orThe Clash's calls for revolutionary change.

After the non-LP single "All Around the World" nearly reached the UK Top 10, The Jam, having achieved a notable and loyal
following in such a short time,[13] were pressed to produce more material quickly. Their second album, This Is the Modern World,
was released later in 1977. Bruce Foxton, generally considered a lesser songwriter than Weller, contributed two songs to the LP
("Don't Tell Them You're Sane" and "London Traffic"),[14] both of which attracted criticism. His composing output gradually
decreased, leaving Weller firmly established as the band's chief songwriter
.

All Mod Cons (1978)

In March 1978, the Jam released "News of the World", a non-album single that was both written and sung by Foxton. It charted at
No. 27 in the UK, and was the band's second biggest hit to date. This was the only Foxton solo composition to be released as a Jam
A-side. When the band went back into the studio to record a third album of primarily Foxton contributions, their songs were
dismissed by producers as poor, and they held off recording an album in hopes that Weller would once again find inspiration. "News
of the World" is now used in the opening theme of the BBC television showMock the Week.[15]

Returning to his hometown of Woking, Weller spent much of his time listening to albums by The Kinks and coming up with new
songs. The Jam released their next single, the double A-side David
" Watts"/"'A' Bomb in Wardour Street". "David Watts" was a cover
of a Kinks song, throughout which Weller and Foxton traded lead vocals. "'A' Bomb in Wardour Street" was a Weller original. One of
their hardest and most intense songs, Weller cursed the violent thugs that plagued the punk rock scene over a taut two-chord figure. It
became their most successful 7" since "All Around the World".

It was not until their next single, "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight", that The Jam really regained their former critical acclaim.
The song was a dramatic account of being mugged by thugs who "smelled of pubs and Wormwood Scrubs and too many right-wing
meetings". Around this time, The Jam slimmed their team of two producers to one, Vic Coppersmith-Heaven, who helped develop
the group's sound with harmonised guitars and acoustic textures. In 1978, the Jam released their third LP, All Mod Cons, which
included three previously released tracks among the 12 in total: "David Watts", "'A' Bomb In Wardour Street", and "Down in the
Tube Station at Midnight". (It also contained two songs Polydor had previously rejected for single release, the manic "Billy Hunt"
and the acoustic ballad "English Rose".)

Setting Sons & Sound Affects (1979–1981)

Following two successful and critically acclaimed non-LP singles, "Strange Town" and "When You're Young",[16] the band released
"The Eton Rifles" in advance of their new album. It became their first top 10, rising to No. 3 on the UK charts. November 1979 saw
the release of the Setting Sons album, another UK hit, and their first chart entry in the US, albeit at 137 on the Billboard 200. The
album began life as a concept album[17] about three childhood friends, though in the end many of the songs did not relate to this
theme. Many of the songs had political overtones; "The Eton Rifles" was inspired by skirmishes between demonstrators on a Right to
Work March – a campaign initiated by the left-wing Socialist Workers Party – and pupils from Eton College; "Little Boy Soldiers"
was an anti-war multi-movement piece in the vein of Ray Davies. Another notable song from the album was Bruce Foxton's
"Smithers-Jones", originally a b-side to "When You're Young". The song is almost unanimously considered to be his greatest
contribution to The Jam. Recorded with electric rock instrumentation for the single release, "Smithers-Jones" was given a complete
makeover for the Setting Sons album with a string arrangement.
The band's first single of 1980 was intended to be "Dreams of Children", which combined bleak lyrics lamenting the loss of
childhood optimism with hard-edged, psychedelic instrumental backing and production. Due to a labelling error, however, the A- and
B-sides of the single were reversed, resulting in the more conventional "Going Underground", the single's planned flipside, getting
much more airplay and attention.[18] As a result, only "Going Underground" was initially listed on the charts, although the single was
eventually officially recognised (and listed) as a double A-side by the time the release reached No. 1 in the UK. When promoting the
album in the United States, the group appeared on American Bandstand, performing "(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave", a cover of the hit
song by the Motown girl group Martha and the Vandellas. They also appeared on the short-lived American sketch comedy series
Fridays, playing the song "Private Hell".

Sound Affects was released in November 1980. Paul Weller said that he was influenced by The Beatles' Revolver and Michael
Jackson's Off the Wall[19] also. Indeed, several of the songs recall Revolver-era swirling psychedelia, such as "Monday", "Man in the
Corner Shop", and the acoustic "That's Entertainment". According to Weller he wrote "That's Entertainment", a bitter slice-of-life
commentary on the drudgery of modern working-class life, in around 15 minutes upon returning inebriated from the pub.[20] Despite
being only available as an import single, it peaked at No. 21 on the UK charts, an unprecedented feat. It is now arguably The Jam's
most celebrated song. Despite the group's lack of commercial success in America, it even made American magazine Rolling Stone's
list of the 500 greatest songs of all time.[21]

"Start!", released before the album, became another No. 1 single.[22] It had a very similar bass line, rhythm guitar and guitar solo to
The Beatles' Revolver cut "Taxman", but was arranged as an otherwise completely different song. Some contemporary American
R&B influence, including Michael Jackson, show up in Buckler's driving beats that power the album (such as on "But I'm Different
Now"), and most obviously in Foxton's funk-influenced bassline in "Pretty Green". The album also reveals influences of post-punk
groups such as Wire, XTC, Joy Division, and Gang of Four. The album was a No. 2 hit in the UK and peaked at No. 72 on the US
[23]
Billboard charts, their most successful American album.

The Gift and break-up (1981–1982)

Two non-LP singles, "Funeral Pyre" and "Absolute Beginners", abandoned the psychedelic pop of Sound Affects; "Absolute
Beginners" (named after a cult novel of the same title) had a more R&B-flavoured sound, and "Funeral Pyre" was influenced by new
wave music. "Funeral Pyre" is built around Buckler's drumming, and aside from the Sound Affects track "Music for the Last Couple",
is the only song in the group's catalogue that carries a joint Buckler/Foxton/Weller writing credit. ("Funeral Pyre" and "Music for the
Last Couple" are the only songs for which Buckler receives any writing credit).

The 1982 release The Gift – the band's final studio LP – was a massive commercial success, peaking at No. 1 on the UK charts. It
featured several soul, funk, and R&B-stylised songs; most notably the No. 1 hit "Town Called Malice", which boasts a Motown-style
bassline somewhat reminiscent of The Supremes' "You Can't Hurry Love". The song included work by Keith Thomas and Steve
Nichol, who later became well known as members of the R&B groups Legacy and Loose Ends respectively. "Town Called Malice", a
reality-based tale about dealing with hardship in a small, downtrodden English town, is one of a handful of Jam songs Weller still
performs (along with "That's Entertainment", "Man in the Corner Shop", "Strange Town", "Art School", "Start!" and "In the Crowd").
When "Town Called Malice" reached number one the group had the honour of performing both it and its double A-side, "Precious"
on Top of the Pops – the only other band to be accorded this honour being the Beatles. After the string-laden soul ballad "The
Bitterest Pill (I Ever Had to Swallow)" peaked at No. 2, the band followed with their finale and another No. 1,Beat
" Surrender". Both
singles featured Tracie Young on vocals; a few months later, she also guested on The Style Council's debut single "Speak Like a
Child".

To universal surprise, on 30 October 1982 W

eller announced his intention to disband The Jam aftera short concert tour of the UK had
been completed. They also made their final appearances on Top of the Pops and The Tube to promote "Beat Surrender". The tour
included five consecutive nights at the Wembley Arena, all of which sold out within twenty minutes of tickets becoming available.
The last date on the original itinerary had been scheduled for 10 December 1982 at Guildford Civic Hall, close to the band's
hometown of Woking. However, due to ticket demand, an additional date was added at the Brighton Conference Centre on 11
December 1982 for their last performance.[24]
The decision to split was solely Weller's. Explaining at the time that he disliked the idea of continuing for as long as possible simply
because they were successful, he later told the Daily Mirror in advance of a 2015 Sky documentary on the band, "I wanted to end it to
see what else I was capable of, and I'm still sure we stopped at the right time. I'm proud of what we did but I didn't want to dilute it,
or for us to get embarrassing by trying to go on forever. We finished at our peak. I think we had achieved all we wanted or needed to,
both commercially and artistically."[25] Weller's decision to move on, announced by his father, the band's manager, at an
extraordinary band meeting in the summer of 1982, "came as a shock" to Buckler and Foxton, who wanted to keep the band together.
Buckler told the Woking News and Mail in 2012: "It was like we were going to be driving over a cliff at the end of the year, and you
keep thinking 'Well, maybe he'll change his mind'’."[26] Both Buckler and Foxton described the experience as bitter, but in later years
[26][27]
both expressed understanding, if not complete acceptance.

Following the split, Foxton did not speak to Weller for over 20 years, and Buckler said in 2015 that he still had not spoken to Weller
since, despite repeated attempts by Buckler and Foxton in 1983 and 1984 to meet and talk.[26] As the farewell tour neared its end,
Polydor released a live album titledDig the New Breed, a collection of songs from various concert performances over the band's five-
year career which, while commercially successful, met with mixed reviews. The month after the final concert in Brighton, Polydor
[28]
predictably re-released all sixteen of the band's singles, nine of which re-entered the UK charts on 22 January 1983.

After The Jam (1983–2006)

In early 1983, Weller announced the formation of a new band, The Style Council, a duo with keyboard player Mick Talbot, formerly
of the minor mod revival band The Merton Parkas. They would eventually split in 1989.[29] He subsequently embarked on a
successful career as a solo artist.

Following a short stint recording demos with Jake Burns and Dolphin Taylor, previously of Irish punk outfit Stiff Little Fingers,
Bruce Foxton released his debut single "Freak" on Arista Records. Entering the UK Singles Chart at No. 34 on 30 July 1983, it
eventually peaked at No. 23[30] and secured an appearance on Top of the Pops. Foxton's solo album Touch Sensitive followed in
1984, but subsequent singles "This Is The Way", "It Makes Me Wonder" and "SOS: My Imagination" failed to enter the Top 40. A
final single "Play This Game To Win" was released on Harvest Records in November 1986.[31]

Bruce Foxton went on to replace Ali McMordie in a reformed Stiff Little Fingers in 1990, remaining with the band until January
2006, when he quit to pursue other projects. Later that year he joined Simon Townshend (Pete Townshend's brother), and Mark
Brzezicki and Bruce Watson (both of Big Country) in the band Casbah Club, which released an album calledVenustraphobia.

After The Jam split, Rick Buckler formed Time UK with Jimmy Edwards and Ray Simone,[32] formerly of Masterswitch, ex-Tom
Robinson Band guitarist Danny Kustow and (briefly) former Radio Stars/Sparks bassist Martin Gordon. The band released three
singles "The Cabaret", "Playground of Privilege" and "You Won't Stop" before folding. In 1986, Buckler and Foxton released the
single "Entertain Me" under the nameSharp.

Six different greatest hits albums by The Jam have also been released.

A five-CD box set Direction Reaction Creation, featuring all of The Jam's studio material (plus a disc of rarities) peaked at No. 8 on
the UK Albums Chart upon its release in 1997; an unprecedented achievement for a box set. In 2002, Virgin Radio counted down the
top 100 British music artists of all-time as polled by listeners and The Jam were No. 5 on the list. Weller made two other appearances
[33]
in the poll; as part of The Style Council at No. 93 and as a solo artist at No. 21.

In 2006, Rick Buckler, who had not been playing for several years after Sharp quit, formed a band named The Gift playing material
from The Jam with musicians Russell Hastings and David Moore.[34] Russell Hastings, who spent many years as a local musician
including a couple of years in a Jam tribute band, took on guitar and lead vocal duties. In 2006, Bruce Foxton performed on stage
with The Gift at their concerts in Chichester, Brighton and Birmingham, which rekindled rumours of a full or partial reunion of The
Jam in 2007, for the 30th anniversary of the band's signing.
After The Jam split, Weller and Foxton reportedly did not speak to one another for 20 years.[35] However, in June 2006, it was
reported that Weller and Foxton met backstage at The Who's Hyde Park concert, and a ten-minute conversation ended with an
embrace.[35] Foxton claimed that the two became friends again in 2009 and this led to them collaborating for two tracks on Weller's
solo album Wake Up the Nation in early 2010.[35] In May 2010, Weller and Foxton appeared together on stage for the first time in 28
years at The Albert Hall in London.[36] However, Foxton ruled out a Jam reunion.[35]

From the Jam (2007–present)

Bruce Foxton stayed on as bassist with The Gift, with David Moore moving to second guitar and keyboards. At this point the group
changed its name to From The Jam. In an official press release in 2007, Foxton and Buckler announced that they were working on a
new album and UK tour,[37] which sold out in ten days. Weller did not take part, and has publicly expressed his lack of interest in any
type of reformation.[38] In a 2006 interview with BBC Radio 6 Music, Weller stated that a reunion of The Jam would "never, ever
happen", and that reformations are "sad". He said "Me and my children would have to be destitute and starving in the gutter before I'd
even consider that, and I don't think that'll happen anyway ... The Jam's music still means something to people and a lot of that's
[38]
because we stopped at the right time, it didn't go on and become embarrassing."

From The Jam toured the UK in late 2007, finishing with a concert at Brighton Centre on 21 December 2007 to mark the 25th
anniversary of The Jam's final show. In February 2008, they toured the United States and Canada, selling out in Los Angeles, San
Francisco, Vancouver, Toronto, Chicago and New York. In March 2008, they toured Australia[39] and New Zealand – a first for
Foxton and Buckler.

A complete concert (recorded at the London Astoria in December 2007) was released on DVD through London-based indie label
Invisible Hands Music in November 2008.[40] David Moore left the band in early 2009, releasing an album with Matt Douglass in
April the following year on Invisible Hands Music, under the name The Squire Circle.[41] Rick Buckler announced his departure
from the band in late 2009.[42]

In 2012, a new album Back in the Room was released under Bruce Foxton's name to generally favourable reviews. The band featured
Bruce Foxton (Bass/Vocals) and Russell Hastings (Guitar/Vocals) with Mark Brzezicki of Big Country on drums. Released on Bass
Tone Records, the album was recorded at Paul Weller's Black Barn studios, with Weller himself appearing on several tracks,
including the lead single "Number Six". Other special guests on the album include Steve Cropper (Booker T and the M.G.'s) and
Steve Norman (Spandau Ballet). A second single from the album "Don't Waste My Time" was released on 28 April 2013.[43] The
follow-up album Smash the Clock once again recorded at Paul Weller's Black Barn studios, featuring Wilko Johnson and other guests,
was released on 18 March 2016.

Exhibition
On 13 April 2015 it was announced that an exhibition entitled "The Jam: About theoung
Y Idea" would run from 26 June – 31 August
2015 at Somerset House in London. For the very first time, all three members of the band, the Weller family and music archivist Den
Davis have opened up their archives, especially for the show. Despite Foxton's reported hopes that the opening would bring all three
together on stage for the first time since their 1982 split, Buckler did not attend. NME reported at the time that, while Foxton and
Weller apparently reconciled no later than 2010, "Weller and Buckler are said to have not been in the same room since their band’s
demise."[44] The exhibition proved to be very popular and was extended until 27 September 2015.[45] The exhibition was curated by
Tory Turk, Nicky Weller (Paul's sister) and Russell Reader.

About The Young Idea at the Cunard Building in Liverpool was a much larger interactive experience, which picked up on the
overwhelming success of the exhibition held at Somerset House. Drummer Rick Buckler was there on 1 July 2016 to open the
exhibition, due to run until 25 September, but extended until 6 October due to popular demand.

Curators, Paul Weller’s sister Nicky, Den Davies and Russell Reader, drew together a wide range of memorabilia including records,
badges, gold discs, stage suits, original instruments, and down to more personal items provided by the band members. A free app
allowed visitors to engage with the exhibits by scanning VCodes as well as letting music lovers save five of their favourite exhibits
 [46]
from the show to a mobile device to enjoy in their own time.

Personnel

The Jam
(1972–1982)

Classic line-up

Paul Weller – vocals, lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
Rick Buckler – drums, percussion
Bruce Foxton – vocals, bass guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals

Other members

Steve Brookes – lead guitar (1972–1976)

Dave Waller – rhythm guitar (1972–1973)

Additional personnel

Tracie Young – backing vocals on "Beat Surrender"

Jennie Matthias (The Belle Stars) duetted on vocals on "The Bitterest Pill (I Ever Had to Swallow)"
Peter Wilson – piano, drums, keyboards, Hammond organ
Steve Nichol – trumpet, Hammond organ
Luke Tunney – trumpet
Martin Drover – trumpet
Keith Thomas – saxophone, soprano sax
Afrodiziak – background vocals
Russell Henderson – steel drums

The Gift
(2005–2007)

Rick Buckler – drums, percussion

Russell Hastings – vocals, guitar
David Moore – bass guitar

Additional personnel

Bruce Foxton – vocals, bass guitar

From the Jam

(2007–present)

Current members

Bruce Foxton – vocals, bass guitar (2007–present)

Russell Hastings – vocals, guitar (2007–present)
Mike Randon – drums, percussion (2014–present)

Former members
 Rick Buckler – drums, percussion (2007–2009)
David Moore – keyboards, guitar (2007–2009)
Mark Brzezicki – drums, percussion (2009–2013), (2015)
Steve Barnard – drums, percussion (2013–2014)

Additional personnel

Paul Weller - Featured on Back in the Room

Steve Norman - Featured on Back in the Room
Steve Cropper - Featured on Back in the Room
Wilko Johnson - Featured on Smash the Clock
Simon Townshend - guitar; Features in occasional live shows
Tom Van Heel - keyboards, guitar; Session musician who features in live shows

Timeline

Discography

The Jam

Studio albums

In the City (1977)

This Is the Modern World(1977)
All Mod Cons (1978)
Setting Sons (1979)
Sound Affects (1980)
The Gift (1982)

From the Jam

Back in the Room (2012)
Smash the Clock (2015)
Recorded by From The Jam personnel including Hastings, Foxton and W
eller, but released under artist name "Bruce Foxton".
Further reading
Egan, Sean (2018). Love With a Passion Called Hate: The Inside Story of The Jam. London: Askill Publishing. ISBN 978-0-
9545750-9-0.

References
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gs.html). Thejam.org.uk. 11 April 2007. Archived fromthe original (http://www.thejam.org.uk/gigs.html)on 16 August
2013.
2. "From the Jam, Back With Fury 26 Years Later" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/12/
AR2008021202565.html). The Washington Post. 13 February 2008. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
3. Doug Hoekstra. "SHELLEY & THE JAM"(https://web.archive.org/web/20090210234031/http://canopicjar .com/Canop
ic9/hoekstra.html). Canopicjar.com. Archived from the original (http://canopicjar.com/Canopic9/hoekstra.html) on 10
February 2009.
4. "The Jam" (https://www.theguardian.com/music/jam). The Guardian. 3 December 2012. Retrieved 13 December
2012.
5. "J.A.M. - full Official Chart History - Official Charts Company"(http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/14105/jam/).
Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
6. Love With a Passion Called Hate: The Inside Story of The JamISBN 978-0-9545750-9-0 p. 1
7. That's Entertainment: My Life in The JamISBN 978-1-783-05794-8 p. 33
8. "de beste bron van informatie over ska musik. Deze website is te koop!"
(https://web.archive.org/web/200703120335
53/http://underground-network.de/weller.html). underground-network.de. Archived fromthe original (http://undergrou
nd-network.de/weller.html) on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
9. Pierre Perrone (27 April 2009)."John Weller: Father of Paul Weller who managed his son for 30 years"(https://www.i
ndependent.co.uk/news/obituaries/john-weller-father-of-paul-weller-who-managed-his-son-for-30-years-1674817.htm
l). The Independent. London.
10. That's Entertainment: My Life in the Jamp. 65
11. "Official Albums Chart Top 60 - Official Charts Company" (http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/1977052
2/7502/). Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
12. That's Entertainment: My Life in the Jamp. 66
13. That's Entertainment: My Life in the Jamp. 70
14. "The Jam: This is the Modern World" (http://www.allmusic.com/album/this-is-the-modern-world-mw0000312237).
allmusic.com. 24 May 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
15. "Mock the Week: Christmas Special"(https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b085z8kv). bbc.co.uk. 14 December 2016.
Retrieved 7 January 2017.
16. "Paul Weller: I've Written Three Perfect Ssongs in my Life"(http://www.radiox.co.uk/artists/paul-weller/news/paul-well
er-three-best-songs-the-jam-changingman/). radiox.co.uk. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
17. That's Entertainment: My Life in the Jamp. 131
18. "The Jam: Dreams of Children"(http://www.allmusic.com/song/dreams-of-children-mt0052556220). allmusic.com. 12
June 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
19. Hewitt, Paolo (2008). Paul Weller - The Changing Man. corgi books. p. 132. ISBN 9780552156097.
20. "That's Entertainment by The Jam Songfacts"(http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=4613). Songfacts.com.
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External links
 The Jam fan site – As run by Rick Buckler
The Jam at the BBC
Guardian article about The Jam
Billboard.com article about 'From the Jam'
Vanessa Thorpe, 25 years on, life in the Jamis revealed, Guardian/Observer, 15 July 2007
The Jam Information Pages (thejam.org.uk). Extensive history, lyrics, album covers, info on The Jam'
Documentary on The Jam 2012
The Official From the Jam site Administratedby Guy Helliker

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