International Pacific College/10.

511/final test/MDL/ 2003

Final 10.511 Intercultural Communication Test

Due date: 5pm Friday 30 July, 2004

Choose ONE question from each section, A, B and C.

Each is worth 10% (Value to overall grade =10%)

This is an open book test that you can start at any time from now and complete in your own time before
Friday 30th July.

You should choose questions from different topic areas so that your answers don’t repeat material. Open
book but you must write in your own words, with your ‘ own voice. No plagiarism!

Answers should be a minimum of 500 words each, with a maximum of 800 (please include a word count).
These are ‘exam type’ responses so don’t need to be fully referenced.

Section A:

1 Analyse and discuss the reading “The Nacerima and the Tsiruot’ using ideas that you have learned
during the course (this will be handed out at the next class).

2 Analyse and discuss one or two of the following articles from an intercultural studies perspective:
(a) “The Runaway Bride”, (b)“Scars of Tradition” (c) “Women rated as subhuman by Taleban
regime”.

3 You are asked to give an address on “Barriers to effective intercultural communication and ways
to overcome them” (you choose the audience – eg UN convention, Class- mates, business group).
Write what you are going to say, drawing on your own experience as well as material from
readings and videos.

4 Some cultural practices seem really against your own values. On what grounds would you
criticize the behaviours of other groups and on what grounds would you tolerate them? (e.g
female circumcision, arranged marriages, ritual slaughter of animals, cannibalism, eating sheep,
eating whales etc).

Section B:

4 Write an article for your favourite newspaper expressing your views on advantages and
disadvantages of immigration and multiculturalism in your (or other) country. You need to
recognise the merits other points of view as well as your own

5 You work for the Ministry of Education in your country. Your task is to provide a report
discussing the benefits of introducing “Intercultural Communication” as a subject in High Schools
and Universities. What subject matter / topics/ themes would you include in your curriculum? In
which order of importance would you rank them? Why?
6 It is “international awareness week’ next week and the editor of the local newspaper has asked
you to write an article analysing and contrasting some important characteristics of your own
culture with one other culture from an intercultural perspective.

Section C:

7 Discuss reasons why some languages (such as Maori or Australian Aboriginal languages) are
endangered. How can they be, and why should they be, revived and maintained? What is lost if the
language is lost?

8 Your friend has come to you wanting advice about marrying someone from a very different
cultural and language background. As they are going to live in this society you should outline the
process of cultural adjustment or ‘culture shock’ and the factors involved. What questions would
you ask them and what advice would you give to help them make a good adjustment?

9 You have been asked to make a documentary film about nonverbal communication across
cultures. What will you include in your documentary and why?

10 Jandt (2001: 276), suggests that men and women can be seen as belonging to different ‘cultures’
because, in many countries, they have different statuses, roles and use language differently.
Discuss.

Notes:

1 Your responses should indicate that you are not only familiar with the material across the
literature (handouts, readings, videos and class text) but also demonstrate that you can interpret
and apply the concepts and ideas to the question that you have chosen.

2 An ‘intercultural perspective’ means using a range of the concepts and ideas that we have
introduced in the course (text, discussion, videos etc) and analysing the situation with these. You
can use your personal experience but it is also important to show that you can analyse a situation
objectively and analytically as well.

3 Your answers must be typed in your own words. If you summarise or paraphrase a chunk of
material from readings you must provide an in-text reference and your writing should demonstrate
your own understanding. Usually understanding is shown by giving specific / applied examples.

4 Writing should be typed and double - spaced.

5 500 – 600 words for each. You can write more if you wish but keep it under 800 words for each
question. Please include a word count at the end of each answer.

6 Hand a hard copy into reception by 5pm July 30

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Director: Thierry Notz
Encoding: All Regions
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Visit the Books Store Rated: Not for sale to persons under age 18.
Studio: Mti Home Video
DVD Release Date: June 26, 2001
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4 of 4 people found the following review helpful:
Finally, a Phil. movie about USA that is taken seriously, December 15,
2002
Reviewer: Christine Papio (see more about me) from Henderson, Nevada United States
To my great surprise, this is actually one of the few Philippine based films I've seen where
Americans aren't stereotyped as ridiculous-looking cowboys with broad-brimmed hats and
cheesy western accents. Many Filipino movies unfortunately include American characters
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Nevertheless, the story and plot are entirely fictional. There's definitely some romantic drama
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Remembering the P.I., January 1, 2001
Reviewer: Michael A. Warmoth (see more about me) from Port Orchard, Wa USA
As a former Navy Vet who spent more than 6 years in the philippines this movie brought
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Amazon.com: DVD: Goodbye America (1997)

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5 of 10 people found the following review helpful:

Remembering the P.I., January 1, 2001

Reviewer: Michael A. Warmoth (see more about me) from Port Orchard, Wa USA
As a former Navy Vet who spent more than 6 years in the philippines this movie brought
back a lot of memories. I left just a couple years before the base closure. While this movie
was not 100% accurate some of it was right on. Especially the blackmail attempt, and the
semi-accidental killing of the filipino. While I was station-dito there were more than several
instances of Filipine Marine or locals and Navy or marine sentries shooting each other and
worse. The women were very enticing its true many of my friends including myself brought
home Filipina brides (16 years and counting). I thoroughly enjoyed the movie and will
definately buy it on DVD. BTW if you are reading this and remember me for P.I... drop me
an email.

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ARBITRARY - Meaning and Definition of the Word

English Dictionary Computer Dictionary Thesaurus Dream Dictionary Medical Dictionary

Search Dictionary: arbitrary   Search

ARBITRARY: Dictionary Entry and Meaning

Pronunciation: 'ârbi`treree
 
Matching Terms: arbitrarily, arbitrariness, Arbitrarious, arbitrary level, arbitrary precision calculator
 
WordNet Dictionary
 
Definition: [adj]  based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or
   caprice; "an arbitrary decision"; "the arbitrary rule of a dictator";"an arbitrary penalty"; "of
arbitrary size and shape"; "an arbitrary choice"; "arbitrary division of the group into halves"
 
  Synonyms:  absolute, capricious, discretional, discretionary, impulsive, whimsical
 
  Antonyms:  nonarbitrary, unarbitrary
 
 

 
Webster's 1913 Dictionary
 
Definition: \Ar"bi*tra*ry\, a. [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf.
F. arbitraire. See {Arbiter}.]
1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed
rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment.
It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. --Jer.
Taylor.
Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is
the most arbitrary of all things. --Landor.
2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and
therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the
possession of power.
Arbitrary power is most easily established on the
    ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
--Washington.
3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and
unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or
government. --Dryden.
{Arbitrary constant}, {Arbitrary function} (Math.), a
quantity of function that is introduced into the solution
of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will
be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special
requirements.
{Arbitrary quantity} (Math.), one to which any value can be
assigned at pleasure.

file:///C|/...ework/IPC/intercultural%20communication/ARBITRARY%20-%20Meaning%20and%20Definition%20of%20the%20Word.htm[2/14/2012 10:57:48 PM]

ARBITRARY - Meaning and Definition of the Word

Glossary
 
Definition: a characteristic of language that refers to the fact that a word, or other unit of sound, has no real
   connection to the thing it refers to. The meanings of the arbitrary elements of a language must
be learned.
 
Thesaurus Terms
 
Related Terms: absolute, absolutist, absolutistic, aristocratic, arrogant, autarchic, authoritarian, authoritative,
autocratic, autonomous, bossy, capricious, careless, chance, chancy, cranky, crotchety, despotic,
dictatorial, discretional, discretionary, dogmatic, domineering, doubtful, elective, erratic,
fanciful, fantasied, fantastic, feudal, flaky, freakish, free, free will, gratuitous, grinding,
harebrained, heedless, high-handed, humorsome, iffy, imperative, imperial, imperious,
impetuous, inadvertent, inconsiderate, inconsistent, independent, indiscreet, irrational, kinky,
kooky, lordly, maggoty, magisterial, magistral, masterful, monocratic, moody, motiveless,
nonmandatory, notional, offered, oppressive, optional, oracular, overbearing, overruling,
   
peremptory, petulant, precipitate, proffered, quirky, random, rash, reasonless, repressive,
screwball, self-acting, self-active, self-determined, self-determining, severe, spontaneous, strict,
subjective, summary, suppressive, temperamental, thoughtless, tyrannical, tyrannous, unasked,
unbesought, unbidden, uncalculating, uncalled-for, uncertain, uncoerced, uncompelled,
uncompromising, unconstrained, undisciplined, unforced, unguarded, uninfluenced, uninvited,
unpredictable, unpressured, unprompted, unreasonable, unreasoning, unreflecting, unrequested,
unrequired, unrestrained, unruly, unsolicited, unsought, unthinking, unthoughtful, vagarious,
vagrant, varying, voluntary, volunteer, wanton, wayward, whimsical, wild, willful, zany
 
 

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Report on Classmates Artifacts
By Andrew Pirie

The crucifix and rosary beads are both traditionally symbolic too Catholics.
The cross is associated with Christ and the beads are linked to the mother
Mary. St. Anthony the patron saint of travelers, used to keep travelers safe,
popularizes the rosary beads.

Other branches of Christianity see Mary as a less important figure, while

other religions have other martyrs or religious figures instead of Christ.
However Jews, Muslims and Christians share the same god but perceive his
words told to them in there scriptures differently.
On the other hand other cultures such as the Maori have several gods for
different aspects of nature including a goddess for the underworld.

The chocolate Easter egg and the rabbit represent the commercialization of
Easter. The egg and the rabbit is a sign of fertility and rebirth. Which in a
way is more appropriate for the resurrection than the crucifixation. Most
people just see Easter and the Easter egg as a time for mass feasting on
chocolate!

The Patu and the Goddess of the Underworld are elements of Maori culture.
They both represent the inescapability of death. The Patu is a hard club
made of wood, whalebone or greenstone. The Maori believed that when you
slew an enemy with a Patu they took the life force or mana of the individual.
Mana is an important part of Maori culture, and very popular in Maori myth.

Another element of Maori culture is the baskets called Haraheke used for
carrying food. This is more a practical and less symbolic artifact. The
precision required to create these out of flax requires a lot of skill and
patience. The craft is passed down through the generations and taught to the
younger members of the family. The art has only survived in some families
and like the Maori language was in danger of becoming extinct during the
1930’s, today the skill is also taught in schools.
Shannon –Cross
Alex –Easter Egg
Lynda –Rosary Beeds
Richard – Patu
Cinadell – Goddess of the Underworld (in books)
Marama - Haraheke
Medscape & eMedicine Log In

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 Intercultural
Communication Test

Submitted to Malcolm Leithwaite

July 30th, 2004

By Andrew Pirie
2 Analyse and discuss one or two of the following articles from an intercultural
studies perspective:

The Runaway Bride

“Children of immigrants are caught between cultures and often are challenged between
choices of traditional and modern values”. –The Runaway Bride, Aisha Labi. This article
deals with forced marriage. Arranged marriages are common in a lot of Asian cultures.
In most cultures the women are allowed to refuse. But this marriage is more than
arranged it is being forced upon, in a sense that Noor has no choice. Her brother tells her
if she refuses he will kill her. She hates the idea and starts crying.

“Arranged marriages are not uncommon amongst immigrant families in Europe. They are
rituals faithfully carried over into a new, Westernized lifestyle, sometimes generations
after immigration. Defenders of the practice argue that the resulting matches are often
more successful than self made marriages.” The Runaway Bride, Aisha Labi

“Most of the groups involved are Hindu, Sikh or Muslim. In France mainly North African
and in Denmark Turkish.” – The Runaway Bride, Aisha Labi
While Europe and Western Media is drawn to optional ‘reality’ matchmaking television,
another side is being forced into a nonnegotiable version.

She was forced to live in Holland with her spouse’s family. They wouldn’t even let her
speak with her family long. She rejected her husband’s advances, and told her father-in-
law she was unhappy and was “going to run away”. Her brother threatened to jump on a
plane to Amsterdam to kill her if did that. Everyone seemed to be against her, even
members of her own family. The only who supported her was her sister Aziza.

Noor was rescued by the police in Holland. Noor later found out returning to England
that Aziza had also been forced into an arranged marriage that Aziza was not happy
about.

“Forcing someone into marriage is not a crime in the U.K. but since the cases often
involved underage brides and violence, related charges like child abduction, assault or
unlawful imprisonment can be applied. But after marriage, most women or girls are too
ensnared to seek help…. Efforts to help women escape forced marriages still suffer from
a lack of organization and funding” – The Runaway Bride, Aisha Labi

“Teachers can spot signs that girls are being forced into marriage….. A sudden loss of
interest in schoolwork for example, can be telling. Why bother to study if you know your
school days are about to end.” – The Runaway Bride, Aisha Labi

Something similar happens in mainly South East Asia and other nations that is the
complete opposite, as it is sometimes voluntary. This is a mail order bride, in which
Westerners (mainly Americans, Europeans, Australians, New Zealanders sometimes
Japanese) pick a bride from a catalogue mainly over the Internet and correspond via letter
to email. This practice has been deemed illegal in most countries as a lot of these girls are
actually victims of a network that involves kidnapping.

Women are mistreated in worldwide opinion in other nations mainly due to traditional,
cultural and religious beliefs. “In Muslim culture woman are subjugate to men according
to 7th-Century Pre-Islamic Arabia, The Koran (Islamic equivalent of the bible)
revolutionized life for women. In the Koran, woman and men are equal in god’s eyes.
According to most Muslims repressive practices against women are because of
patriarchal (father figure) cultural traditions, social considerations and different
interpretations of the Koran ” – Jandt

“In reality, as is so often the case for children of immigrants, life usually becomes a series
of compromises -made day by day, (portrayed in the movie ‘East is East’), individuals
sacrificing their own independence in order to stay connected to their families and
maintain a slippery sense of cultural identity. This usually can lead to disowning by
parents if the children refuse to accept this fate. Noor still remains in close touch with
Aziza, but keeps her distance from the rest of the family and has not been able to forgiven
them years later. She did visit her brother Ali when he was hopitalised.

-674 words.
The "Mail Order Bride" law says:

Republic Act No. 6955

AN ACT TO DECLARE UNLAWFUL THE PRACTICE OF MATCHING FILIPINO

WOMEN FOR MARRIAGE TO FOREIGN NATIONALS ON A MAIL ORDER
BASIS AND OTHER SIMILAR PRACTICES, INCLUDING THE
ADVERTISEMENT, PUBLICATION, PRINTING OR DISTRIBUTION OF
BROCHURES, FLIERS AND OTHER PROPAGANDA MATERIALS IN
FURTHERANCE THEREOF AND PROVIDING PENALTY THEREFORE

SECTION 1. It is the policy of the State to ensure and guarantee the

enjoyment of the people of a decent standard of living. Towards this end,
the State shall take measures to protect Filipino women from being
exploited in utter disregard of human dignity in their pursuit of economic
upliftment.
SECTION 2. Pursuant thereto, it is hereby declared unlawful:
(a) For a person, natural or juridical, association, club or any other entity to
commit, directly or indirectly, any of the following acts:
(1) To establish or carry on a business which has for its purpose the
matching of Filipino women for marriage to foreign nationals either on a
mail-order basis or through personal introduction; cda
(2) To advertise, publish, print or distribute or cause the advertisement,
publication, printing or distribution of any brochure, flier, or any
propaganda material calculated to promote the prohibited acts in the
preceding subparagraph;
(3) To solicit, enlist or in any manner attract or induce any Filipino woman
to become a member in any club or association whose objective is to
match women for marriage to foreign nationals either on a mail-order basis
or through personal introduction for a fee;
(4) To use the postal service to promote the prohibited acts in
subparagraph 1 hereof.
(b) For the manager or officer-in-charge or advertising manager of any
newspaper, magazine, television or radio station, or other media, or of an
advertising agency, printing company or other similar entities, to
knowingly allow, or consent to, the acts prohibited in the preceding
paragraph.
SECTION 3. In case of violation of this Act by an association, club,
partnership, corporation, or any other entity, the incumbent officers thereof
who have knowingly participated in the violation of this Act shall be held
liable.
SECTION 4. Any person found guilty by the court to have violated any of
the acts herein prohibited shall suffer an imprisonment of not less than six
(6) years and one (1) day but not more than eight (8) years, and a fine of not
less than Eight thousand pesos (P8,000) but not more than Twenty
thousand pesos (P20,000): Provided, That if the offender is a foreigner, he
shall be immediately deported and barred forever from entering the country
after serving his sentence and payment of fine.
SECTION 5. Nothing in this Act shall be interpreted as a restriction on the
freedom of speech and of association for purposes not contrary to law as
guaranteed by the Constitution. cdtai
SECTION 6. All laws, decrees, orders, instructions, rules and regulations,
or parts thereof inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.
SECTION 7. This Act shall take effect upon its publication for two (2)
consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation.
Approved: June 13, 1990

Philippines Constitutional Law.

Section B:

4 Write an article for your favorite newspaper expressing your views on

advantages and disadvantages of immigration and multiculturalism in your (or
other) country. You need to recognize the merits other points of view as well
as your own

“Some Immigrants intend to work but not to become full-fledged members of the culture
of their chosen nation. Others are willing to adopt the customs of that country and are
willing to remain in that country.” – Jant
Culture is learned from what is passed on through your peers. People can be born into
one culture and die in another culture.

Today with globalization, immigration and multiculturalism the idea of culture may seem
likely to be less relevant. However this is not the case as when these diverse cultures are
thrown together it can lead to all kinds of misunderstandings and culture shock.

Immigrants face culture shock from the challenge of public telephone and transport. A
brilliant example of this, when talking to the woman in charge of Anytime Cab Co. on the
way back from town. I was told about how ten years ago when it was first started IPC did
not have any telephones. Quite a bit different and hard to believe as now we have a
wireless network system.

She told me, how her husband introduced the set fare for IPC students. A Japanese
student felt quite home sick and us to make the expensive $20 round trip journey into
town to call his parents on a public telephone. (Now a trip would cost $14).

Vietnamese boat people (refugees) were placed around New Zealand. It was found those
who stayed in larger communities coped and adapted better, than those who were isolated
and did not have access to other Vietnamese families to interact with.

Immigrants also face culture shock in forms of irritation, feeling of helplessness,

withdrawal, compulsive eating and drinking, disappointment with host country, hostility,
outbursts of anger, inability to work properly and psychosomatic disorders.

A bad thing about Immigration is that is that it can lead to strain on resources,
competition for jobs and unemployment, as well as cultural misunderstandings which can
cause prejudice, stereotyping (e.g. Japanese being responsible for Pearl Harbor.). Racism.
It can attempt to destroy indigenous cultures such as the Indians being forced further to
the west and onto decreasing sized reservations, The Aborigine children in being taken
away from their parents and given to foster families, The ban of the Maori Language in
the 1930’s in schools in New Zealand.
Multiculturalism

Advantages of Multiculturalism are that, it can spread ideas, awareness of the outside
world, and through intercultural studies and observations we are able to communicate
better with people from different backgrounds. “A few people belong to one or two
cultures. We taught how to interpret everyday events and how to behave. “ – How to
become more effective in a multicultural organization. Los Altos – Crisp publications
Pages 5-8

New Zealanders consider there culture quite different from mother England with our own
accent and national heroes (e.g. Sir Edmund Hilary) New Zealand like most countries is
experiencing Multiculturalism first with European settlers interacting with the Maori and
later with the wave of Asian Immigration. At IPC we can experience interacting with not
just Japanese but also students from other nations such as Thailand, Taiwan, Vietnam and
Indonesia among others… Through education in Intercultural classes we can avoid
culture shock.

Culture obviously is an important way of influencing how people act as what may seem
friendly to one group of people maybe offensive to another. Immigration can cause
several problems. Yet effective multiculturalism can over come these barriers.

-564 words
Section C:

8 Your friend has come to you wanting advice about marrying someone from a very
different cultural and language background. As they are going to live in this
society you should outline the process of cultural adjustment or ‘culture shock’
and the factors involved. What questions would you ask them and what advice
would you give to help them make a good adjustment?

”Criteria for marriage amongst a survey of 37 countries amongst men and women, most
considered mutual love, kindness, emotional stability, intelligence and health as
important factors. Brides from collectivist countries wanted age differences to be larger
and more favorable towards wealthy husbands. Bridge grooms from collectivist countries
wanted to marry industrious, wealthy and chaste women.” – Jant.

Europeans are more verbal; Asians are less verbal and use body language more, such as
gesture, facial expression and posture. So a marriage between the two could cause
cultural miscommunication and misinterpretation and potentially lead to arguments.

People from high context cultures (Asians) would expect people from low context
cultures (Europeans) to understand them easily. This is very difficult as low context
people are not used to non-verbal communication.

English serves as a good medium as it applies a fairly well balanced display of verbal and
non-verbal non-communication. And most countries would have it as there second
language. This is the most likely language married couples from different cultures would
use to communicate.

Language is often a huge barrier in intercultural relationships. It is important to more

effectively communicate that both partners are able to understand each other’s language
or this could also lead to misinterpretation. By learning your partner’s language it would
show you have n appreciation of their culture and in return such good response would
lead to a better understanding.

Raising kids is also an issue in the British film ‘East is East’ George Khan is trying to
raise his seven children to be respectable Pakistanis in the North of England in 1971.
Ironically George married an English woman and broke off his first marriage to upset his
parents. But he imposes that his children marry Pakistanis in arranged marriages.

In my opinion the best way to meet a potential spouse amongst cultures, is through close
friends. Selecting your partner in life is one of the most serious decisions you will ever
make Long Distance relationships can be tricky, most of us do not realize the extent of
the culture divide. A romantic relationship has a better chance of success if you come
over and immerses yourself in your spouse’s culture. And maybe the family will always
be more important than you. Saying in Asia is ‘You can always get a new husband or
wife but you can never get a new mother or father.’
Questions. How do your parents feel about this? Which country do you plan to work and
live in and raise your children? How often will you visit your parents if you go and live in
a different country? How do you plan to raise your kids? If difference religions which
religion will your children follow? How much do you know about the culture of your
spouse?

In summary Intercultural marriages can work, but would require more effort and
understanding than a marriage to someone closer to your culture. The more diverse
cultures the more effort would be required to maintain the marriage.

-496 words
Andrew Pirie

Learning about Level of Culture and Communication from Peers

Order of Questions.
1. What is the name and theme of the national anthem?
2. What are the major belief systems/ world views religions?
3. What are the attitudes to divorce/abortion
4. What subjects are taboo
5. What sort of clothes are worn to school? Work? A funeral?
6. How do you greet most people?
7. What names do you call your mother? Father?
8. When does a child become an adult?
9. Is education free? Compulsory? Leaving age? School hours?
10. List words that younger use for something that is ?
a) really good
b) really bad
c) going ok
11. What is the word for ‘cat’, ‘mother’, ‘father’, ‘milk’, ‘water’?
12. What is the national animal, important animals?
13. What is the official language of your country
14. What problems do people from your country face when traveling or migrating?
15. On a scale of 1-10 (10= severe shock) rank the degree of ‘culture shock’ you had
overseas
16. What stereotypes/prejudices do others have of your country/ethnicity/race?
17. How can you enter university? How much p.a.?
18. What is significant day in your country?
19. What is the drinking and Smoking age?
20. What is the population of your country?
Andrew Pirie

Philippines
The name and theme of the National anthem of New Zealand is Lupang Hinirang. It is all
about keeping out invading foreign powers.

The Philippines is predominantly Catholic with a large Muslim minority. Filipino culture
has been highly over run by Spanish and American colonizers. And the only evidence of
the original Filipino culture is the mannerisms or traits of the people.

Divorce is not common and Abortion is highly discouraged as it is against the views of
the Catholic Church.

Talking about sex and violence is Taboo.

Students wear uniform in elementary and high school, as nearly all high schools are
catholic. Two thirds of universities have uniform also.
Formal attire/office wear is worn to work e.g. Blazer, pants, ties. Labor workers wear
orange or brown (similar to prison clothes). Black is worn during times of mourning.

Mabuhay is hello in Filipino, Kumusta Ka is how are you. Paalam is goodbye. Ate is
female and Kuya is male (these are used as signs of respect to older peers.)

Mama and Papa are Mum and Dad

The coming of age is 21 for males celebrated mainly as a party, but can be a debut.
Females celebrate there 18th usually as a debutant ball, which is a formal occasion.

Education is not free and not compulsory and many poorer Filipinos cannot afford to
send their children to school. High school is eight in the morning until five o’clock at
night Monday to Saturday.

Tama is really good, palpuk is crap. Ok lang is going ok. Pare is friend.

Important ideals in Filipino culture are friendship, love and singing and also texting on
cellphones is very popular with the young.

Pusa is cat, Milk is gatas. Water is tubig.

The most important animal in the Philippines is the Tarsier, which is a rare primate.

Tagalog is the main spoken language; it is a combination of Malay and Spanish. And
there are eighteen dialects in the different provinces, which are similar.

Problems that Filipinos face when going to other countries are racists, language barriers,
customs, culture, and finding jobs.
Andrew Pirie

Level of Culture shock in Philippines 3/10. As I had been to the Philippines several times
starting as an infant so I became used to the country. The first time I can actually
remember I really enjoyed myself as it is a great place for young people. There was so
much to do such as shopping malls and fun parks. By the time I lived and studied there I
knew Manila like the back of my hand.

Other people see Filipinos as opportunistic, love to sing and dance, hooked on love
songs, small, passionate people who never give up on a challenge. They are very busy
half the time and very lazy the other half.

To get into University it requires four years of high school, which costs $5000 a year.

A significant day is All Saint Days; November 1 that honors the dead.

The Drinking Age and smoking age is not strictly enforced and most clubs allow 15 years
olds who look mature to enter. No Id is required. Sellers are more interested in earning a
quick peso.

The Philippines is the most rapidly growing country in South East Asia with 67 million
people.
Andrew Pirie

Vietnam
Tie’n Quan Ca is the national anthem of Vietnam. It is a patriotic song, which displays
the strong culture of the Vietnamese.

There is no official religion in Vietnam as it is a Communist country, but some practices

Buddhism & Christianity.

Divorce and Abortion are not common

Sex is a taboo topic.

Girls wear long dress, boy’s long pants – elementary and secondary white shirt.
Each specific university course has a different colour uniform
In the office men wear Suits, women were skirts. Tidy clothes are worn to funerals
mainly black.

Greetings in Vietnamese Chow used talking to friends, with relatives (eg. Chow aunt,
Chow uncle.)

Me-Mum, Bo-Dad

Getting Married is when people are considered grown up.

Schools are not expensive Most schools are public since Vietnam is Communist. Not
many schools are private. Schools run from 7-12 or 1-6 during the day. There is an option
to select morning or afternoon class. The leaving age for high school is 18.

Good-Tot, Khiep –Yuck, Me –Khiep –Damn you, Duc –ok. Hey-Hey

The most important things to Vietnamese are money, family, friends and morals.

Meo –Cat, Sua –Milk, Muoc –Water.

The water buffalo is an important animal in Vietnam.

Vietnamese is the national language.

A difficulty Vietnamese face when going to other countries is language.

Culture shock 1/10.

Vietnamese people are seen as friendly and thoughtful.

Andrew Pirie

There is an entrance examination for college. Primary 6-11, Secondary 11-15, Exam after
3 years of high school 15-18.

An important holiday is 2 September, National Day – which commemorates

independence from the French and Americans.

Cigarettes anyone can buy as well as Alcohol.

Vietnam has 70-80 million people.

Andrew Pirie

Bangladesh
Bengali Tongue

Amar Shonar Bangla – Loving the country

Islam 80% - minority, Hindu, Christian, Buddhist.

Divorce & Abortion discouraged and looked down upon.

Talking about sex is taboo.

Men were suits to work, women wear Saris wrap around clothes. Salowar Kamiz  dress
with pants underneath + scarf. Worn by women.
Funerals - any clothes are worn; people don’t dress up fancy as not really wanting to
celebrate someone’s death.

Greeting is just hi.

Ma- Mum, Bo is dad.

Males & Females are considered grownup after high school. A party is celebrated the
same way for every age. There are no special celebrations for 18th and 21st.

School is expensive and not compulsory. School runs from 8-1 in the day. The leaving
age is 16.

Khub Bhalo – really good. Pocha- yuck Mota Muti – doing ok.

Family & Money.

Biral – cat, Dud – Milk, Pani –water.

Royal Bengal Tiger – national animal.

Doyel – national bird

Bengali national language.

Culture, language, money, jobs are important to Bengali people.

Culture shock 5/10

Other people’s impressions of the Bengali are that they are brown skinned, really social,
and look like Indians.

University entrance requires real high grades in high school, or enough money (bribery).
Andrew Pirie

Independence Day. 16th November. 1971 from Pakistan.

Cigarettes sold to anyone. Drinking age is 18, no one asks for ID

Population is more than 100 million people.

Andrew Pirie

New Zealand
God defend New Zealand.

New Zealand is predominantly Presbyterian and Anglican with some catholics.

Divorce is higher than in Asian countries. Abortion is more common than in Asian
countries.

No uniforms in most elementary, casual clothes at University, work clothes in the office,
tidy clothes to funerals.

Greetings – Kiaora (Maori) – How are you, Watsup? – how are you (slang)

Mum/Dad

Male and female 18+21, 18+21. Birthday parties involve lots of Alcohol.

Education is cheap, but university education usually requires a trust fund, student or
student allowance. A lot of students opt to work after high school to save for university.
9-3.30 . School is Monday to Friday. Leaving age is 16 high school is until age of 18.

Really good, crap, ok

Alcohol, mates, good times, parties

Cat, mum, dad, milk, water

Important animals to New Zealand are the national bird Kiwi. The kea, kakapo, and
tuatara which are a lizard like animals that lived alongside the dinosaurs.

English – New Zealand

Language, way of life, ethics, morals, food, climate

5/10 culture shock when came back to New Zealand from Philippines

The rest of the world sees new Zealanders as Sporty, outgoing, open, and farmers.

Finish five years of high school to get to University or reach the age of 25.

An important Holiday is Waitangi day February 6, which was the peace treaty between
the Maori and English.

Drinking and smoking 18+ valid id required.

Andrew Pirie

The Population of New Zealand is 3.5 million.

Andrew Pirie

Taiwan/Taipei
Taiwan’s National anthem is San Ming Tzu e – it is a patriotic song.

The religions in Taiwan are Buddhism mainly, Christian, Daoism, Confuciusm –minor

Divorce & Abortion is legal but not common

All topics are considered open and not taboo. The older generation is more conservative.

Taiwanese like most Asian countries dress in black for funerals. School uniform 7-11/12
elementary, 12-15 secondary, 15-18 high school, 18+ tertiary. Clothes worn to work in
the office , tidy clothes, some places uniform, girls skirts.

Greetings
Hello – hello
How are you? – Ni how Ma
Good Morning – zao van

Mother – ma ma, Father – bi ba

Eighteen is considered grownup. Full Motorbike licenses and car licenses can be obtained
by this age. Motorbike is a common form of transport in Taiwan.

High school is generally not expensive, Private school is more expensive and public
school is less expensive. Tertiary school prices are similar to those in New Zealand.
New Taiwan Dollars NT# (34NT = $1 US ,22 NT = $1 NZ)
Compulsory 12 years. Leaving age is 16. Most leave after tertiary
High school runs from 7 am to 5pm. Morning class is 7 until 12 afternoon class is 1.30 to
5. Lunch is 12 to 1.30. Most students opt to go to both morning and afternoon classes
Monday to Friday.

Really good – hen bang, not good – bu hao ok – hai mo

Taiwan is known for its Casinos and food

Cat – mao, milk - niu mi, water – shui

The important animals in Taiwan are Black bears, there is a type of salmon rare (national
animal of Taiwan) National Flower is the plum blossom.

The main languages spoken in Taiwan are Mandarin, Haka  came from province in
China. The Taiwanese written script is more complex than the Chinese script, which
before the Communist regime in China was the same script.
Andrew Pirie

Impressions Taiwanese give, they have smooth clear peach like skin, men are tall and
lanky, girls tie their hair up and wear conservative less revealing clothes. They have a
youthful appearance and small frame.

Three or Four for culture shock when they came to New Zealand, they were quite
familiar with American culture after living in the states and learning a lot about
foreigners as Taiwan is more westernized than China.

Taiwanese had difficulty adjusting to Language, climate, weather when coming to New
Zealand.

To get into University, you must pass an Entrance exam and complete three years of
high school.

An important Holiday is the Chinese new year is January 1-5.

The Drinking and smoking age is 18.

The Population of Taiwan is 21.5 million.

Shaon Gomes - Bangladesh

Andrew Pirie – Philippines
Vu T’iang -Vietnam
Isaac Savage – New Zealand
Meloby – Weng Zhi-han & Jessica – Chu Mi-Hsuan.
Andrew Pirie

Corrections found out outside the interviews.

Taiwan is also Taoist
There are 118 Million People in Bangladesh precisely.
The Bengali Tiger is rare, nearly extinct.
Andrew Pirie

Analysis
What sorts of clothes are worn to school, work and funerals?

School uniforms were common in most countries for high school and in Asian countries
uniforms were worn in most Universities as well depending on the Tertiary course. A
certain color would denote a tertiary course. Work clothes were similar in all countries
usually office attire e.g. Blazer, suit, nice shirt, and pants for men and Blazer, office
blouse and skirt or pants for women. Labor workers usually wore prison type clothes or
casual clothes. Filipinos, Vietnamese and Taiwanese dressed in black for funerals as a
sign of the mourning. The black represents death. New Zealanders got dressed up to go to
funerals whereas Bengali people dressed down as they saw it as not a time to celebrate.

Religions

New Zealand was predominantly Presbyterian and Anglican with a small Catholic
minority. Where as the Philippines has a large Roman Catholic majority inherited from
its Spanish Colonial masters and a large Muslim minority in the south. Vietnam being a
communist country is mainly Buddhist with some Christianity. The trend of the spread of
Christianity is also apparent in Taiwan, which also is mainly Buddhist but also has Daoist
temples. Islam (80%) is the main religion in Bangladesh with minority Hindu, Christian
and Buddhist movements.

What is considered age of maturity?

In the Philippines 21 for male and 18 for female is considered mature. Females usually
celebrate this occasion with a debutant ball. In Vietnam getting married and no longer
relying on parents is considered coming of age. In Bangladesh there is no particular
special party but after high school males and females are considered grown up. In New
Zealand 18th and particularly 21st Birthdays are hugely celebrated In Taipei 18 is
considered grown up as full vehicle licenses then can be achieved (The motorbike is the
main form of transport in Taiwan)

Difficulties faced in coming to other countries?

Filipinos face racists, the language barrier (English not so difficult for some second
language widely used as ruled by Americans). Filipinos are adaptable but easily
imbedded to there own mannerisms and customs. Vietnamese have more trouble learning
English language, as their European colonizers were the French. Bengali have trouble
adapting to culture learning the English language and finding money and good jobs. New
Zealanders can have less difficulty with language (as English is one of the most widely
spoken languages on the planet alongside Mandarin). Most people in the world tend to
adopt English as there second language. For New Zealanders fully adapting to ways of
life overseas and climate are huge barriers also some cultural clashes in Ethics are
common. Taiwanese people have trouble adapting to the language, as Mandarin is
Andrew Pirie

already a difficult language to learn, also they have trouble adapting to New Zealand’s
windy weather.

Population

Bangladesh is probably the world most densely populated country with 100 million
people inside an area smaller than New Zealand. The Philippines and Vietnam are two
sprawling South East Asian nations with 75 million people each. Taiwan was a lot
smaller than I thought with just 21.5 million still its capital of Taipei with nine million is
almost three times the size of New Zealand that has 3.8 million people.
Andrew Pirie

What I learned from the exercise

I have learnt that there are a lot of similarities between different cultures, and differences
are rather slight in terms of school and coming of age. However everyone seemed to face
the same problems with language and culture when migrating. It just makes you think
how lucky we are that are spoken language is English, whereas most people have to learn
more than one language to communicate more effectively on a world wide level.
Also countries are separate established as separate states and some only have a small
difference in ethnicity, government, race, gender and religion. This small difference can
create a huge division between nations.

Good Reference

Global etiquette guide

By Dean Foster, John Wiley & sons INC.
Copyright 2000
IPC Library
DS5 F754
Lexical definition

Project Oscar

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Lexical definition
The lexical definition of PPAT is based on that of the OLGA language. In particular, %ID and %ATT are the same.
Separators and operators are as follows:

! != !  % & ( ) * + , - -> ./ : := ; < <= = > >= [ ] |   "

Reserved words are:

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The Killing Fields tells the true story of the friendship between Sydney Schanberg an
American reporter and Dith Pran his Cambodian aide, translator and friend.
*Picture 1.

The story begins August 7th 1973, clearly in a South-East Asian nation. As the radio
blurts out ‘The voice of South-East Asia on the airway’ in an American accent.

Sydney arrives at the airport and as is common in South-East Asia little children are
eager to take his bag and find him a taxi. He feels jet-lagged, tired, but not too bothered.

He gets angry while visiting a friend in the hospital: “The plane was three hours late, and
I had to take a taxi here.”

At this stage, Sydney is not enjoying his stay in Cambodia. His American friend
complains about the food: “Can't eat eggs. People faint when you eat them.” (Culture
shock from food.) Things get worse when a bomb goes off across the road from the
restaurant.

Sydney’s Views

Sydney later states in his speech dedicated to Dith later in the film (1976 AIFPC awards)
that America never looked at this side of things. It is obvious that the Americans enjoyed
a very different and fine life in the lavish hotels they had set up in Cambodia with
swimming pools and sipping matinees while outside the Cambodians lived in squatter
huts and poverty, living in constant fear of seven billion dollars-worth of American
bombs being dropped on them. Sydney states this is why groups such as the Khmer
Rouge came to power, as many grew to despise the Americans. John, a journalist friend
of Sydney, is keen to get out of Cambodia “After all the Khmer Rouge have been through
I don’t think they're going to be too affectionate towards foreigners.”

Sydney, Dith and a young soldier are in a truck. The young soldier is keenly asks the
American if he owns a car and what is the best car in America. Sydney tells Dith to
explain that he only has a Mercedes in Cambodia. Dith then gives the soldier a Mercedes
logo plate, which the soldier accepts thankfully. Later on in the story Dith is tied up by
the Khmer Rogue and left for dead, as a twist of fate the soldier who was assigned to slit
his throat was the same young man who remembers “Mercedes no.1” and in turn saves
his life.

Khmer Rouge rebels captured the Cambodian capital in 1975

many thought the killing would stop. * Picture 2

The embassy is crowded with French and American journalists, the Russian embassy is
being expelled also and a soldier throws the soviet flag to the ground. This is quite
surprising because the Khmer Rogue were a Communist group that would not associate
themselves with other Communist nations and had the belief that Cambodia should go
back to pro revolutionary ways of living.
Phnom Penh was evacuated. # Picture 3

Sydney tries to arrange the evacuation of Dith and his family. Dith’s family is safe in
America but Dith refuses to leave Sydney and decides to stay.
Dith, Sydney and the Americans are captured when the Khmer Rogue take Phnom Penh
and face a firing squad. Dith saves Sydney by trading crates of Pop Cola in exchange for
the American journalists lives. This shows how lowly the Khmer Rogue regarded
Americans. Sydney feels as if he owes Dith more but has left it late.

Sydney unable to help his friend, and sees the graphic images of chaos in Cambodia
while he is in America.

Sydney lives with the fact that he may have left his friend to an uncertain doom but
carries on posting hundreds of photos in the hope that his friend might still be alive.
Dith’s son translates conversations between Sydney and Dith’s wife. (Dith’s son is also
quite fluent in English perhaps learnt from his father, a language which is easier for the
second generation to learn because it is being widely exposed to American culture)

Dith put concentration camp. *Picture 4

Dith is captured by the Khmer Rogue and subjected to four years of starvation, torture
and the recurring sight of piles of dead human corpses, and is forced to eat lizards and
drink cow's blood before escaping to neighboring Thailand. Academy award winner Dr.
Haing S. Ngor, who plays Dith, acts the part so well because he lived through the
atrocities of the Khmer Rouge killing fields himself. .

The Khmer Rogue targeted the young.half- Khmer Rouge soldiers less than 15 years of
age, "The Comrade Children”. They were taught to denounce their parents and only obey
the Khmer Rouge, even if it meant certain death for the denounced as a result.

The wealthy, educated and elderly were the first to be eradicated in a brutal process. It is
estimated three million of Cambodia’s population of seven million perished (dead or
missing) under the brutal hand of the Khmer Rouge. *Pic

The terror of the Khmer Rouge did not end with their overthrow by the North Vietnamese
invaders in 1979 because as a result nearly a million refugees, the children of the killing
fields, still crowd countless camps along the Thai border. Inevitably the remains of
countless human beings who perished under the Khmer Rogue will never be easy to
reveal, and remain unidentified.
 The Killing Fields
Film Review

Intercultural Communication
Assignment 2, 2004.
By Andrew Pirie.
Submitted to Malcolm Lewthwaite
Background

When Khmer Rouge rebels captured the Cambodian capital in 1975, many thought the
killing would stop. Phnom Penh was evacuated. The wealthy, educated and elderly were
the first to be eradicated in a brutal process. It is estimated three million of Cambodia’s
population of seven million perished (dead or missing) under the brutal hand of the
Khmer Rouge.

The terror of the Khmer Rouge did not end with their overthrow by the North Vietnamese
invaders in 1979 because as a result nearly a million refugees, the children of the killing
fields, still crowd countless camps along the Thai border. Inevitably the remains of
countless human beings who perished under the Khmer Rogue will never be easy to
reveal, and remain unidentified.
Introduction

The Killing Fields tells the true story of the friendship between Sydney Schanberg an
American reporter and Dith Pran his Cambodian aide, translator and friend.

The story begins August 7th 1973, clearly in a South-East Asian nation. As the radio
blurts out ‘The voice of South-East Asia on the airway’ in an American accent.
Sydney arrives at the airport and as is common in South-East Asia little children are
eager to take his bag and find him a taxi. He feels jet-lagged, tired, but not too bothered.

He gets angry while visiting a friend in the hospital: “The plane was three hours late, and
I had to take a taxi here.”

At this stage, Sydney is not enjoying his stay in Cambodia. His American friend
complains about the food: “Can't eat eggs. People faint when you eat them.” (Culture
shock from food.) Things get worse when a bomb goes off across the road from the
restaurant.

This is when Dith comes into the story. Sydney, being a reporter, knows there is a story
to be told here so he demands to know how many casualties there were in the bombing.
He later becomes sympathetic towards the people and culture of the nation as the story
continues (He begins to adjust to their culture). Sydney is kidnapped by his own
government which ise working alongside the Cambodian Republican army. Both sides
are trying to cover up hundreds of deaths.
Sydney’s Views

Sydney later states in his speech dedicated to Dith later in the film (1976 AIFPC awards)
that America never looked at this side of things. It is obvious that the Americans enjoyed
a very different and fine life in the lavish hotels they had set up in Cambodia with
swimming pools and sipping matinees while outside the Cambodians lived in squatter
huts and poverty, living in constant fear of seven billion dollars-worth of American
bombs being dropped on them. Sydney states this is why groups such as the Khmer
Rouge came to power, as many grew to despise the Americans. John, a journalist friend
of Sydney, is keen to get out of Cambodia “After all the Khmer Rouge have been through
I don’t think they're going to be too affectionate towards foreigners.”

Khmer Rogue Take Over

1975, March 10th

Sydney, Dith and a young soldier are in a truck. The young soldier is keenly asks the
American if he owns a car and what is the best car in America. Sydney tells Dith to
explain that he only has a Mercedes in Cambodia. Dith then gives the soldier a Mercedes
logo plate, which the soldier accepts thankfully. Later on in the story Dith is tied up by
the Khmer Rogue and left for dead, as a twist of fate the soldier who was assigned to slit
his throat was the same young man who remembers “Mercedes no.1” and in turn saves
his life.

Sydney tries to arrange the evacuation of Dith and his family. Dith’s family is safe in
America but Dith refuses to leave Sydney and decides to stay.
Dith, Sydney and the Americans are captured when the Khmer Rogue take Phnom Penh
and face a firing squad. Dith saves Sydney by trading crates of Pop Cola in exchange for
the American journalists lives. This shows how lowly the Khmer Rogue regarded
Americans. Sydney feels as if he owes Dith more but has left it late.

The embassy is crowded with French and American journalists, the Russian embassy is
being expelled also and a soldier throws the soviet flag to the ground. This is quite
surprising because the Khmer Rogue were a Communist group that would not associate
themselves with other Communist nations and had the belief that Cambodia should go
back to pro revolutionary ways of living.

The Concentration Camp

Dith is not allowed to flee, as he does not have an American passport. The Americans try
to fake a passport for him but is colour fades as Sydney has left this decision to the last
minute and the job is poorly done.
.
Dith is captured by the Khmer Rogue and subjected to four years of starvation, torture
and the recurring sight of piles of dead human corpses, and is forced to eat lizards and
drink cow's blood before escaping to neighboring Thailand. Academy award winner Dr.
Haing S. Ngor, who plays Dith, acts the part so well because he lived through the
atrocities of the Khmer Rouge killing fields himself. .

Sydney lives with the fact that he may have left his friend to an uncertain doom but
carries on posting hundreds of photos in the hope that his friend might still be alive.
Dith’s son translates conversations between Sydney and Dith’s wife. (Dith’s son is also
quite fluent in English perhaps learnt from his father, a language which is easier for the
second generation to learn because it is being widely exposed to American culture)

The Khmer Rogue targeted the young.half- Khmer Rouge soldiers less than 15 years of
age, "The Comrade Children”. They were taught to denounce their parents and only obey
the Khmer Rouge, even if it meant certain death for the denounced as a result.

Sydney watches graphic images from Cambodia and always thinks about Dith. His
colleagues accuse him of exploiting Dith to win his award and ask, “Are the Vietnamese
boat people your next saleable target?”
Appendix I: Summary of Interviews with people from Neighboring Countries.

After talking to Vu Trang Choe from Vietnam.

Vietnam has a much better relationship with Laos than Cambodia because the
Cambodians resent the Vietnamese for bombing their country although inevitably the
North Vietnamese invasion led to the elimination of the brutal Khmer Rouge regime. The
people of Cambodia were forcibly educated under the Khmer Rouge to hate the
Vietnamese. Obviously a lot of innocent and not so innocent people were killed with the
invasion force.

“He tells us we have a new enemy, The Vietnamese…” Dith thinks, when his camp
leader is talking to them at a meeting in the hut.

The camp leader actually speaks in English, which is quite shocking because the Khmer
Rouge were trying to eradicate educated people. But he has obviously been keeping this a
secret. He fears for his son's life and tells Dith, “The Khmer Rouge, my superiors, will
kill everyone if the Vietnamese invade, and I think they will invade successfully, then the
Khmer Rouge will burn everything and everyone than let the Vietnamese have them.”
(SORRY DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LAST BIT. CHECK IT. DAD)

After talking to Hung from Thailand, Dith believes Cambodia is a primitive state that has
not modernized itself like the rest of the world. He thinks the government is ineffective,
and is not really a true Democracy as it had been under the rule of President Hun Sen for
the past 20 years.
Appendix 2:

Key Figures in Cambodian Political History

Norodom Sihanouk
King of Cambodia from 1941-1970. A flamboyant King known internationally as a
playboy, singer and movie director. He was ousted in a coup by General Lon Nol and
went into exile in China. When the Khmer Rouge were overthrown in 1979 he returned
and eventually resumed his status as King with limited powers.

Lon Nol
Cambodian General who overthrew Norodom Sihanouk and established an anti-
Communist government in Vietnam from 1970-1975

Pol Pot
Shadow leader of the Khmer Rouge that took over Cambodia from 1975-1979. His brutal
regime was responsible for the deaths of several million Cambodians. He was an atheist
although somewhat influenced by Tito of Yugoslavia. Defeated in 1979, he established
bases along the Thai border vowing to retake Cambodia. His movement broke up when
his second-in-command, Ieng Sary, defected to the Cambodian government. He was
eventually murdered by his own officers in 1998.

Hun Sen
Prime Minister of Cambodia since 1985. Fought as a soldier against the Khmer Rogue
with the North Vietnamese and Sihanouk supporters.
References
APA Style
Books

Kiernan, B. (1996). The Pol Pot Regime. Yale. Yale University Press.

Computer Software

Microsoft Corporation (2002), Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Redmond, WA, Hun

Sen, Khmer Rouge, Lon Nol, Norodom Sihanouk, Pol Pot.

Videos

Puttnam, D. (Producer), & Joffe, R. (Director). (1984). The Killing Fields

[Video tape] Goldcrest Films

Websites

Morris, S.J. (1999). Don’t Blame America for the ‘Killing Fields’ ,Stanford University
Press, Retrieved http://www.nixonlibrary.org/images/dont_blame_killing_fields_big.gif

Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia Web site: http://www.norodomsihanouk.org

University of Southern Mississippi, Retrieved, November 20, 2000, APA Style Guide 5th
Edition, Educational Leadership and research Web site:
http://www.lib.usm.edu/~instruct/guides/apa.html
Interview for Satay Noodles

(Present copy of my project)

How old are you all?

How were you affected during the Khmer Rogue regime 1975-79? How has that changed
your life?

When did you come to New Zealand?

What is your opinion on present-day Cambodia? The Hun Sen Government?

Have you seen the movie, "The Killing Fields" (1984)? What did you think about it? Did
it portray the theme well?