DOŇA TEODORA

 opposed the idea of sending Rizal to University to

pursue Higher Education because she was aware
what happened to Gom-Bur-Za and feared of might
would happen to Rizal.

Rizal was surprised by his mother’s opposition,

who was a woman of education and culture.

Despite her mother’s opposition, Don Francisco

told Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila.
April 1877
 Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on
Philosophy and Letters.
Reasons:
1. His father liked it.
2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.

Fr. Pablo Ramon

 rector of the Ateneo.
1877 – 1878
 Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy,
and History of Philosophy during his first year term.

1877 – 1879
 Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of
Ateneo’s Rector to study medicine.

Reason:
-- To be able to cure his mother’s growing
blindness.
 While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in
Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the
title of “Perito Agrimensor” (Expert Surveyor).

 He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course

obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and Topography.

 Vocational Courses:
1. Agriculture 3. Mechanics
2. Commerce 4. Surveying
 At the age of 17, he passed the final exam in the
surveying course but could not be granted the title as
Surveyor because he was under age.

November 25, 1881

 the title as Surveyor to Rizal

Extra-Curricular Activities:
1. President, Academy of Spanish Literature.
2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences.
3. Secretary, Marian Congregation.
 Segunda Katigbak
 Miss L.
 fair with seductive and attractive eyes.
Reasons:
1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in
his heart.
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L.
 Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela
 a medical student from Calamba, Laguna
 the charming daughter of Capitan Juan and
Capitana Sanday Valenzuela.
 tall girl with a regal bearing.
 Rizal sent Leonor a love notes written in invisible ink.
 Leonor Rivera
 Rizal’s cousin from Camiling.
 born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867.
 a student of La Concordia College where Rizal’s sister,
Soledad was then studying.
 frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with
kindly wistful eyes.

Taimis  Leonor’s pseudonym in order to camouflage their

intimate relationship from their parents and friends.

Rizal lived in:

Casa Tomasina
No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros

Antonio Rivero – Rizal’s landlord-uncle.

-- father of Leonor Rivera.
 One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in
Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medical
student at the University of Santo Tomas. He was
walking in the street and dimly perceived the figure
of a man while passing him not knowing that the
person was a Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, he did
not salute not say a greetings. With a snarl, he
turned upon Rizal, whipped out his sword and
brutally slashed his back.
 Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de
Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the
Philippines at that time but nothing came out
because he was an Indio and the accused was a
Spaniard.

Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21,

1887, he related, “I went to the Captain-General but I
could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two
weeks.”
Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum)
 a society of literary men and artists.
 held a Literary Contest and offered a prize (Silver
Pen, feather-shaped decorated with gold ribbon) for
best poem.

“A La Juventud Filipina” (To The Filipino Youth)

 Rizal’s prize-winning and inspiring poem of
flawless for.
 Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from
the lethargy; to let their genius mind fly swiftly the
wind and descend with art and science to break the
chains that have long bound the spirit of the people.

Reasons why Rizal’s Poem was a Classic in Philippine

Literature:
1. It was the first gr eat poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish
Literary Authorities.
2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos were the “fair hope of the
Fatherland.”
Artistic-Literary Lyceum
 opened another literary contest (to both Filipinos
and Spaniards) to commemorate the 4th centennial
of the death of Cervantes.

Cervantes
 was a Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and famous
author of Don Quixote.
Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled “El
Consejo de los Dioses” (The Council of the Gods).
The Council of the Gods
 was based on the Greek classics.
 aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo.

Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust of Cervantes

Winners:
1st Place: Jose Rizal (19yrs old)
2nd Place: D. N. Del Puzo (Spanish)

--Because of its literary superiority.

 “Junto Al Pasig” (Besides the Pasig)
 (Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans on December
8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration of the Feast Day of
Immaculate Concepcion (Patroness of Ateneo).
 A Filipinas
 (a sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino artists to
glorify the Philippines.
 Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma
 (poem, 1879) was declaimed by an Atenean,
Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 8, 1879 in
honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.
 Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon
 (a poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an
expression of affection to Father Pablo Ramon, the
Ateneo Rector, who had been so kind and helpful to
him.
Summer of May 1881
 Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil,
famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
 he was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina ,
Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
 They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel)
from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son
Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
  Rizal and his companions were fascinated by he
famous Turumba (people dancing in the streets
during the procession in honor of the miraculous
Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
 Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala,
Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully played the harp at
the Regalado home.
 Reasons why Rizal and his company made side
trip to the neighbouring town of Pagsanjan:
1. It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela
2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
 Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their
fights against the arrogant Spanish students.
 In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino
students in the University of Santo Tomas called
“Compaňerismo”(Comradeship), whose members were
called “Companions of Jehu,” after the valiant Hebrew
general who fought the Armaeans.
 Galicano Apacible (Rizal’s cousin from Batangas) was
the Secretary.
 Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal
was wounded on the head, and tenderly washed and
dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house “Casa
Tomasina”.
1. The Dominican were hostile to him.
2. The Filipino students were racially discriminated
by the Spaniards.
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
Result:
--Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo failed to
win high scholastic grade.
 1877 - 1878 (Philosophy & Letters)
Cosmology & Metaphysics … Excellent
Theodicy … Excellent
History of Philosophy … Excellent
 1878 - 1879 (Medicine) –1st Year
Physics … Fair
Chemistry … Excellent
Natural History … Good
Anatomy I … Good
Dissection I … Goo
 1879 - 1880 (Medicine) –2nd Year
Anatomy 2 … Good
Dissection 2 … Good
Physiology … Good
Private Hygiene … Good
Public Hygiene … Good
 1880 - 1881 (Medicine) –3rd Year
General Pathology … Fair
Therapeutics … Excellent
Surgery … Good
 1881 – 1882 (Medicine) –4th Year
Medical Pathology … Very Good
Surgical Pathology … Very Good
Obstetrics … Very Good
 After finishing the Fourth Year of his medical course,
Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no longer
endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and
hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
 He did not seek his parent’s permission and
blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved
Leonor.
 THANK YOU 

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