gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask 1

wbeÆvPwb cixÞvi cÉk²cò I mgvavb-2017

 gqgbwmsn MvjÆm KÅvGWU KGjR, gqgbwmsn
1 1 1
cÉk²1 (x) = 3x + 1, 0  x  2
 cÉk²2 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 + ......... ‰KwU Amxg àGYvîi

K. f ‰i ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 2 aviv|
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, f dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| 4 K. x = 2 nGj, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
M. f–1 wbYÆq Ki ‰es f–1 ‰i MÉvd AvuK| 4 L. x = 3 nGj, avivwUi 12Zg c` ‰es cÉ^g 12wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Ki| 4
K f(x) = 3x + 1, 0  x  2
 M. x ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe
 f(0) = 3.0 + 1 = 1 ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰es f(2) = 3.2 + 1 = 7 2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 ˆié f = {f(x) : 1  (x)  7} (Ans.) 1 1 1
K cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 +................

L f dvskbwU ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` mKj x1, x2 ˆWvg f ‰i
 1 1 1
x = 2 nGj avivwU, + + + ..............
RbÅ f(x1) = f(x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq| 3.2  1 (3.2  1)2 (3.2  1)3
awi, f(x1) = f(x2) 1 1 1
= + 2 + 3 + ...................
5 5 5
ev, 3x1 + 1 = 3x2 + 1 [Dfq cGÞ (1) ˆhvM KGi]
ev, 3x1 = 3x2 1 1 1
 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ = 52  = (Ans.)
5 5
 x1 = x2
myZivs f dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) L
 x = 3 nGj avivwU nGe,
1 1 1
M awi, y = f(x) ZvnGj, x = 
 1
(y) ........... (i) + +
3.3  1 (3.3  1)2 (3.3  1)3
+ ........................
ev, y = 3x + 1 1 1 1
ev, y – 1 = 3x = + 2 + 3 + ........................
8 8 8
y–1 1
ev, x = 3
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 8
1 1 1 1
ev, x = 3 (y – 1) mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 82  8 = 8 < 1
1 1 1 12  1
 f–1(y) = (y – 1); [(i) bs nGZ]
3
 avivwUi 12Zg c` = ar12  1 = 
8 ()
8
y ‰i Õ©Gj x ewmGq cvB, 1 1 11 1 12
1
f–1(x) = (x – 1) (Ans.)
= 
8 8
=() ()8
(Ans.)
3  1  1 12
1  ( ) 
8
1
8
Avevi, f–1(x) = 3 (x – 1); 1  x  7  avivwUi 12 cG`i mgwÓ¡ =
 
1
1 1
awi, y = 3 (x – 1) 8
812 1 1
1 ˆ^GK 7 ‰i gGaÅ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq mswkÏÓ¡ y ‰i gvb 
812 8 1 812  1
wbGÁ²i QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
x 1 3 2 4 5 7
=
81
=
7 ( 812 ) (Ans.)
8
y 0 .33
.66 1 1.33 2
1 1 1
‰Lb QK KvMGR myweavgZ x-AÞ XOX ‰es y-AÞ YOY AvuwK| M cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 + .........

x-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg 3 Ni = 1 ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg 3 1
Ni = 1 ‰KK aGi (x, y) we±`yàGjv cvZb Kwi| we±`yàGjvGK avivwUi 1g c`, a = 3x  1
mnRfvGe mijGiLvq hyÚ KGi f–1 ‰i ˆjLwPò cvIqv hvGe hv wbGÁ² 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (3x  1)2  3x  1
1
=
1

3x  1
ˆ`LvGbv nGjv: (3x  1)2 1
1
=
Y ˆÕ•j: Þz`Ë eGMÆi 3 3x  1
eMÆNi = 1 ‰KK avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq|
1
A^Ævr, |3x  1 |
<1
1
(5,1.33) ev,  1 < 3x  1 < 1
(7,2)
(3,0.66) 1 1
(2,0.33)  <1 A^ev, 3x  1 > 1
(4,1) 3x  1
O
ev, 3x  1 > 1 ev, 3x  1 < 1
X (1,0) X ev, 3x  1 + 1 > 1 + 1 ev, 3x < 1 + 1
ev, 3x > 2 ev, 3x < 0
2 x<0
x>
3
Y 2
 x > A^ev x < 0 nGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe| (Ans.)
3
2
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, L. AsKGbi weeiYmn wòfzRwU AvuK| 4
1 1 M. ‰gb ‰KwU wòfzR Aâb Ki hvi f„wg I Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡
a 3x  1 3x  1 1
S = = = = (Ans.) h^vKÌGg 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es 7 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² ˆKvY«¼Gqi
1r 1 3x  1  1 3x  2
1
3x  1 3x  1 A¯¦i 40. 4
4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2x
cÉk
² 3 x  1 = p ‰es x  0, x  1 K
 a
K. p=3 nGj x ‰i gvb KZ? 2 5 ˆm.wg.
1 1 1 s
2(p + x) 2x 40
L. { p } ( )
3 + 
p
3 = 23 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 7 ˆm.wg. x
1 L cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-4 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-2 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-85

M. 6 p+5
p
= 13 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 P
M

3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Q
K cÉk²gGZ, p = 3

2x
ev, x  1 = 3 [ˆ`Iqv AvGQ]
ev, 2x = 3x  3
 x = 3 (Ans.)
1 1 1
2(p + x) 2x x = 40
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ
 { } ( ) p
1
3+ 
1
p
1
3 = 23 A

 x 2x L
ev,  (

2 ) ( )
1+
p
3+ 
p
3 = 23 D

1 1 1
x 3 2x 3
ev, 21 + 2x 
 +   = 23
    2x 

  x  1 
  x  1 B a C M
1 1 1
2+x1 gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi f„wg a, f„wg msj™² ˆKvY«¼Gqi A¯¦i x
ev, ( 2
2
1
)1
3 + (1 
1
x) 3 = 23
‰es Aci evü«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ s ˆ`Iqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU Aâb KiGZ
 (1 + x)3 + (1  x) 3 = 2 3 nGe|
AZtci cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-5.2 ‰i D`vniY-6 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-100 AâGbi weeiY:
5 avc-1: ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ BM nGZ f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC Ask
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, 6
 p+ = 13
p ˆKGU wbB|
6p + 5 1
ev, = 13 avc-2: ‰Lb, C we±`yGZ 2x ‰i mgvb KGi BCD Aâb Kwi|
p
ev, 6p + 5 = 13 p avc-3: CD ˆiLvi Ici C we±`yGZ CP jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
ev, (6p + 5)2 = (13 p)2 [eMÆ KGi] avc-4: B we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi s ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†îPvc
ev, 36p2 + 2.6p.5 + 52 = 169p Aâb Kwi hv CP iwkÄGK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ev, 36p2 + 60p + 25 = 169p avc-5: B, Q ˆhvM Kwi|
ev, 36p2  169p + 60p + 25 = 0 avc-6: ‰Lb, CQ iwkÄi C we±`yGZ BQC ‰i mgvb KGi QCA
ev, 36p2  109p + 25 = 0 Aâb Kwi|
ev, 36p2  9p  100p + 25 = 0 avc-7: CA ˆiLv BQ ˆK A we±`yGK ˆQ` KGi|
ev, 9p(4p  1)  25(4p  1) = 0 ZvnGj ABCB wbGYÆq wòfzR|
ev, (4p  1) (9p  25) = 0
nq, 4p  1 = 0 A^ev, 9p  25 = 0 cÉk²5 ‰KwU BGUi Š`NÆÅ cÉÕ© I DœPZv h^vKÌGg 25 ˆm.wg. 12.5

ev, 4p = 1 ev, 9p = 25 ˆm.wg. ‰es 8 ˆm.wg.|
1 25
K. BGUi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, p = 4 ev, p = 9 L. 120 wg. Š`NÆÅ I 90 wg. cÉÕ© (ewngÆvc) wewkÓ¡ AvqZvKvi evMvGbi
2x 1 2x 25 PZzw`ÆGK 2 wg. DPz I 25 ˆm.wg. cyi‚ cÉvPxi wbgÆvY KiGZ KZàGjv BU
ev, x  1 = 4 ev, x  1 = 9 jvMGe? 4
ev, 8x = x  1 ev, 25x  25 = 18x M. ABC wòfzGRi BC, CA ‰es AB evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D, E I F
  
ev, 8x  x = 1 ev, 25x  18x = 25 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AD + BE + CF = 0 4
ev, 7x = 1 ev, 7x = 25 5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x=
1
x=
25 K awi, BGUi Š`NÆÅ, a = 25 ˆm.wg. = 0.25 wg.
7 7 BGUi cÉÕ© b = 12.5 ˆm.wg. = 0.125 wg.
1 25
 wbGYÆq gvb  7 A^ev BGUi DœPZv c = 8 ˆm.wg. = 0.08 wg.
7
 BGUi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj
cÉk
 ² 4 ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg, a = 5 ˆm.wg., wkit ˆKvY, x = 40 ‰es Aci = 2(ab + bc + ca) eMÆ ‰KK
`yB evüi mgwÓ¡, s = 7 ˆm.wg.| = 2(0.25  0.125 + 0.125  0.08 + 0.08  0.25)
K. cÉ`î DcvîàGjvGK wPGòi gvaÅGg DcÕ©vcb Ki| 2 = 0.1225 eMÆ wg. (Ans.)
 3
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
     1 1   1 
AD + CF + BE = AB + BC + AB  AC + AC  AB
evMvGbi Š`NÅÆ, A = 120 wgUvi, cÉÕ©, B = 90 wgUvi 2 2 2
cÉvPxGii DœPZv, H = 2 wgUvi    1  1  1 
ev, AD + BE + CF = 2 AB + 2 BC  2 AC
cÉvPxGii cyi‚Z,½ d = 25 ˆm.wg. = 025 wgUvi
1   1
= (AB + BC)  AC
8 ˆm. wg. 2 2
1 1
= AC  AC = 0
2 2
12.5 ˆm. wg.   
25 ˆm. wg.  AD + BE + CF = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)

wPò : BU cÉk²6 (3, 6) we±`yMvgx ‰es 3 Xvj wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU mijGiLv x I y-

AÞGK h^vKÌGg P I Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| Aci ‰KwU mijGiLv R(5, 3)
 cÉvPxi Qvov evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = (A  2d) wgUvi ‰es S(4, 0) we±`yMvgx|
= (120  2  0.25) wgUvi K. P I Q we±`yi Õ©vbvâ wbYÆq Ki| 2
= 119.5 wgUvi L. QR mijGiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki ‰es PQRS PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰es cÉvPxi Qvov evMvGbi cÉÕ© = (B  2d) wgUvi M. PQRS PZzfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZGÞò hvPvB Ki| 4
= (90  20.25) wgUvi 6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= 89.5 wgUvi
K (3, 6) we±`yMvgx ‰es 3 XvjwewkÓ¡ mijGiLvi mgxKiY

 cÉvPxi Qvov evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (119.5  89.5) eMÆwgUvi y  (6) = 3{x  (3)}
= 10695.25 eMÆwgUvi ev, y + 6 = 3(x + 3) ev, y + 6 = 3x + 9
Avevi, cÉvPximn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (120  90) eMÆwgUvi 3x y
ev, 3x  y = 3 ev, 3  3 = 1
= 10800 eMÆwgUvi
 ˆh Õ©vGb cÉvPxi AewÕ©Z ˆm Õ©vGbi ˆÞòdj 
x y
+ = 1 Bnv x-AÞGK
1 3
= (cÉvPximn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj  cÉvPxi Qvov evMvGbi ˆÞòdj)
P(1, 0) ‰es y--AÞGK Q(0, 3) we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| (Ans.)
= (10800  10695.25) eMÆwgUvi = 104.75 eMÆwgUvi
 cÉvPxGii AvqZb 33 0
L
 QR mijGiLvi Xvj = 5  0 = 5 = 0 (Ans.)
= cÉvPxGii AewÕ©Z Õ©vGbi ˆÞòdj  cÉvPxGii DœPZv
1 4 5 0 1 4
= (104.75  2) NbwgUvi = 209.5 NbwgUvi
cÉwZwU BGUi AvqZb = abc Nb ‰KK
‰es PQRS PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdj = 2 |
0 3 3 0 0 |
1
= (0.25  0.125  0.08) NbwgUvi = (12 + 15 + 0  0  0  0 + 3  0)
2
= 0.0025 NbwgUvi| 1
=  30 = 15 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
gGb Kwi, cÉvPxGi ˆgvU n wU BU jvGM| 2
ZvnGj cÉvPxGii ˆgvU AvqZb = n msLÅK BGUi AvqZb M
 PQ evüi Š`NÆÅ = (1 0)2 + (0  3)2 = 10
= n  0.0025 NbwgUvi QR evüi Š`NÆÅ = (0  5)2 + (3  3)2 = 5
cÉk²gGZ, n  0.0025 = 209.5 RS evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5  4)2 + (3  0)2 = 10
209.5
ev, n = 0.0025 PS evüi Š`NÆÅ = (1 4)2 + (0  0)2 = 5
 n = 83800 KYÆ PR = (1 5)2 + (0  3)2 = 45
 BU jvMGe 83800 wU| (Ans.) KYÆ QS = (0  4)2 + (3  0)2 = 25 = 5
M
 ABD-‰ wòfzR mƒò nGZ cvB,  PQ = RS, QR = PS ‰es PR  QS
myZivs PQRS PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
  
AD = AB + BD a
A cÉk²7 sec + tan = b

  1 
 AD = AB + BC ................. (i) b(1 + sin
2 K. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a = cos
2
 1 
[D, BC ‰i gaÅwe±`y eGj BD = BC] F E a2  b2
2 L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin = a2 + b2 4
  
ACF-‰ AF = AC + CF M. hw` a = 3 ‰es b = 1 nq, ZGe DóxcGKi mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki|
   B 
 CF = AF  AC D C
hLb 0 <  < 2 4
 1  7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 CF = AB  AC ........................ (ii)
2 a
 1  K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan + sec = b

[F, AB ‰i gaÅ we±`y eGj AF = AB ]
2 sin 1 a
  
ev, cos + cos = b
‰es ABE-‰ AE = AB + BE sin + 1 a
   ev,cos
=
b
ev, BE = AE  AB
b(1 + sin
 1  a=
cos
(cÉgvwYZ)
 BE = AC  AB ......................... (iii)
2
1 + sin a
[E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y eGj AE = AC]
1 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 cos
=
b
2
‰Lb, (i), (ii) I (iii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, (1 + sin)2 a2
ev, cos2
= 2 [eMÆ KGi]
b
4

ev,
(1 + sin)2 a2
= 2 L

1  sin2 b
(1 + sin)2 a2
ev, (1 + sin)(1  sin) = b2
1 + sin a2
ev, 1  sin = b2
1 + sin + 1  sin a2 + b2
ev, 1 + sin  1 + sin = a2  b2 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
2 a2 + b2
ev, 2sin = a2  b2
1 a2 + b2
ev, sin = a2  b2
a2  b2
 sin =
a2 + b2
(cÉgvwYZ)

M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a =
 3 ‰es b = 1

3
 tan + sec =
1
ev, tan + sec = 3
ev, tan = 3  sec
ev, (tan)2 = ( 3  sec)2[eMÆ KGi]
ev, tan2= 3  2 3 sec + sec2
ev, sec2  1 = 3  2 3 sec + sec2
ev, 2 3 sec = 4
2 
ev, sec = = sec
6
3

  = 6 (Ans.)

cÉk
 ² 8 ‰KwU `yB UvKvi gy`vË Pvi evi wbGÞc Kiv nj| (‰i kvcjvi
wcVGK L ‰es wk÷i wcVGK C weGePbv Ki)
K. ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc Kiv nGj GRvo A^ev ˆgŒwjK msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv
KZ? 2
 bgybv ˆÞò,S = {LLLL, LLLC, LLCL, LLCC, LCLL, LCLC,
L. Probability tree AsKb Ki ‰es bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4 LCCL, LCCC, CLLL, CLLC, CLCL, CLCC, CCLL, CCLC,
M. bgybvGÞò ˆ^GK wbGPi NUbvàGjvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki: CCCL, CCCC}

(i) KgcGÞ 3L (ii) eoGRvo 3C 4 M ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 16 wU


KgcGÞ 3L cvIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y : LLLL, LLLC, LLCL,
8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb LCLL, CLLL
K QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
  ˆgvU AbyK„jdjvdj = 5 wU
5
‰LvGb, ˆRvo msLÅv A^ev ˆgŒwjK msLÅv nGjv 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ‰B 5wU| P (KgcGÞ 3L) = 16 (Ans.)
‰G`i ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU msLÅv AvmGjB Zv ˆRvo msLÅv A^ev ˆgŒwjK Avevi, eoGRvo 3C cvIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y :
LLLL, LLLC,
LLCL, LLCC, LCLL, LCLC, LCCL, LCCC, CLLL, CLLC,
msLÅv nGe| CLCL, CLCC, CCLL, CCLC, CCCL
myZivs AbyK„j djvdj = 5  ˆgvU AbyK„j djvdj = 15 wU
15
5  P (eoGRvo 3C) = (Ans.)
P (ˆRvo msLÅv A^ev ˆgŒwjK msLÅv) = 6 (Ans.) 16

 RqcyinvU MvjÆm KÅvGWU KGjR, RqcyinvU

cÉk²1 ˆZvgvi cvVÅeBGq AGbK eüc`x AvGQ|
 gƒLÅ mnM : 5
a˂e c` : 9
K. 5x4 + 3x2  7x + 9 eüc`xwUi gvòv, gƒLÅ mnM ‰es aË‚ec` wjL| 2
L. Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki : ax3 + (a  1)x2  2ax + 1 4 L awi, P(x) = ax3 + (a  1)x2  2ax + 1

ab bc ca ‰LvGb, P(1) = a.13 + (a  1)12  2a.1 + 1
M. mij Ki : (x  a) (x  b) + (x  b) (x  c) + (x  c) (x  a) 4 = a + a  1  2a + 1 = 0
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  x  1, P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|
ax3 + (a  1)x2  2ax + 1
K cÉ`î eüc`x : 5x4 + 3x2  7x + 9
 = ax3  ax2 + (2a  1)x2  2ax + x  x + 1
eüc`xwUi gvòv : 4 = ax2(x  1) + (2a  1)x (x  1)  1(x  1)
 5
= (x  1) {ax2 + (2a  1)x  1} 3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= (x  1) (ax2 + 2ax  x  1)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, logx [x + ax2  bx + c ] = 1

ab bc ca
M
 + +
(x  a) (x  b) (x  b) (x  c) (x  c) (x  a)
ev, logxx = logx[x + ax2 – bx + c]
(x  c) (a  b) + (x  a) (b  c) + (x  b) (c  a) ev, x = x + ax2  bx + c
=
(x  a) (x  b) (x  c) ev, ax2  bx + c = x  x
=
x(a  b)  ac + bc + x(b  c)  ab + ac + x(c  a)  bc + ab ev, ax2  bx + c = 0
(x  a) (x  b) (x  c)  (b)  ( b)2  4ac
x(a  b + b  c + c  a) ev, x=
= 2a
(x  a) (x  b) (x  c)
b b2  4ac
x.0  x= (Ans.)
= 2a
(x  a) (x  b) (x  c) 2
b2 c2
= 0 (Ans.) L awi, loga a
 = logb = logc =k
bc ca ab
cÉk
 ² 2 A = 1 + cx2 ‰es B = (a + x) (1 + bx)4  loga
a2
=k b2
logb = k logc
c2
=k
K. B ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ c`msLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2 bc
2
ca
2
ab
2
L. B ‰i x2 chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡wZGZ hw` A ˆK cvIqv hvq ZGe a, b, c ‰i gvb ev, ak = a ev, bk = b ev, ck = c
bc ca ab
wbYÆq Ki| 4 2 2 2

x y 9
x
ev, bc = ak ev, ca = bk ev, ab = ck
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ( ) +
y x
‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ y ‰i mnM 126. 4 a
ev, bc = a2k
b
ev, ca = b2k
c
ev, ab = c2k
2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 2k
ev, c .c = a2k
2k
c2k
a
ev, c.c = b2k a=
b b
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = (a + x) (1 + bx)4

ev, c3k = a3k ev, c3k = b3k ‰es b = c
2k
B ‰i cÉ^g Drcv`GK c` 2wU ‰es w«¼Zxq Drcv`GK c` (4 + 1) ev 5wU| a
 c = a ... ... (i)  c = b ... ... ... (ii)
 B ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ c`msLÅv = 5  2 = 10wU (Ans.)
(i) I (ii) nGZ cvB, a = b = c (cÉgvwYZ)
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, logxy = logy x

B = (a + x) (1 + bx)4
ev, logxy = 1
= (a + x) [( )
4
0 (bx) +
0
(41) (bx) + (42) (bx) + .........]
1 2

ev,
logxy
(logxy)2 = 1
4 4.3 2 2 ev,
= (a + x) ( 1+
1
. bx +
1.2
2 2
b x + .......... ) 
logxy =  1
logxy = 1 A^ev, logxy =  1
= (a + x) (1 + 4bx + 6b x + .............)
= a + 4abx + 6ab2x2 + ......... + x + 4bx2 + ............. ev, logxy = logxx ev, logxy + 1 = 0
= a + (4ab + 1)x + (6ab2 + 4b)x2 + ...............  x=y ev, logxy + logxx = 0
kZÆgGZ, a + (4ab + 1)x + (6ab2 + 4b)x2 = 1 + cx2 ev, logx(xy) = logx1
DfqcÞ ˆ^GK x2, x I aË‚ecG`i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,  xy = 1
a = 1, 4ab + 1 = 0 ‰es 6ab2 + 4b = c  logxy = logyx nGj x = y A^ev xy = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
1 –1 cÉk²4

ev, 4.1.b =  1 ev, 6.1.16 + 4 4
( ) =c
D C
1 3–8
b=
4
ev, 8
=c O
–5
 c=
8
1 –5 A B
 a, b I c ‰i gvb h^vKÌGg 1, I 8 (Ans.)
4
x y 9
wPGò, ABCD ‰KwU e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZzfzÆR|
M cÉ`î ivwk =
 ( ) +
y x K. UGjwgi Dccv`ÅwU wee†Z Ki| 2
ivwkwUi weÕ¦‡wZGZ mvaviY c` L. hw` OA = OC ‰es OB = OD nq ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
9 r r 9r r 92r
4
= (9r) (yx) .(xy) = (9r) (yx) .(xy) = (9r) (yx) AB.BC = AD.CD
M. ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg, gaÅgv I DœPZv ˆ`Iqv AvGQ| AâGbi
x 1
weeiYmn wòfzRwU AuvK| 4
ˆhGnZz () y
‰i mnM wbYÆq KiGZ nGe|
4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
myZivs 9  2r = 1 K e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ˆKvGbv PZzfzÆGRi KYÆ«¼Gqi A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞò H

ev, 2r = 9  1 PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evü«¼Gqi A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi mgwÓ¡i mgvb|
ev, 2r = 8
 r=4 L
D C
x
 ivwkwUi weÕ¦‡wZ y ‰i mnM = (94) = 126 (cÉgvwYZ) O
cÉk
 ² 3 ‰KB msLÅvi jMvwi`g wf®² wf®² wfwîi ˆcÉwÞGZ wf®² nq|
K. logx [x + ax2  bx + c ] = 1 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 A B
2 2 2
L. loga a = logb b = logc c nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a = b = c 4
bc ca ab
ABCD e†îÕ© PZzfzÆGR OA = OC ‰es OB = OD
M. logxy = log yx nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x = y A^ev xy = 1 4
6
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB.BC = AD.CD 
3
y = 3  x ... ... ... ... (i)
4
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
‰es 3x  4y + 12 = 0
(1) AOB I COD-‰ ev, 4y = 3x + 12
OA = OC [eYÆbv AbymvGi] 3
 y = x + 3 ... ... ... ... (ii)
OB = OD [eYÆbv AbymvGi] 4
AOB = COD [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] (i) bs mijGiLvi Xvj, m1 =
3
 AOB  COD 4
3

AB OA
= (ii) bs mijGiLvi Xvj, m2 =
CD OC 4
(2) BOC I AOD ‰
‰LvGb, m1  m2
OA = OC [eYÆbv AbymvGi]  mijGiLv«¼q mgv¯¦ivj bq|
3 3 9
OD = OB [eYÆbv AbymvGi] Avevi, m1 . m2 =  4 .4 =  16   1
AOD = BOC [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]  mijGiLv«¼q ciÕ·i jÁ¼ bq| (cÉgvwYZ)
 AOD  BOC
AD OA
M mijGiLv«¼q,

 =
BC OC 3x + 4y  12 = 0 ‰es 3x  4y + 12 = 0
(3) avc 1 I avc 2 ˆ^GK cvB, ev, 3x + 4y = 12 ev, 3x  4y =  12
x y x y
AB AD  + = 1 ... ... ... ... (i)  + = 1 ... ... ... ... (ii)
= 4 3 4 3
CD BC
(i) bs mijGiLv x I y AÞGK h^vKÌGg (4, 0) I (0, 3) we±`yGZ ‰es
 AB.BC = AD.CD (cÉgvwYZ)
(ii) bs mijGiLv x I y AÞGK h^vKÌGg ( 4, 0) I (0, 3) we±`yGZ
M gGb Kwi, wòfzGRi f„wg
 a, gaÅgv m I DœPZv h ˆ`Iqv AvGQ| ˆQ` KGi| Y
wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
a B(0, 3)
h
m A( 4, 0) C (4, 0)
M X X
O

B B Y
K L  wòfzRwUi kxlÆwe±`yòq h^vKÌGg A( 4, 0), B(0, 3) I C(4, 0)
1 4 0 4 4
 wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj = 2 |
0 3 0 0 eMÆ ‰KK |
1
= {(12 + 0 + 0)  (0  12 + 0)} eMÆ ‰KK
2
1
F = (12 + 12) eMÆ ‰KK
A O C 2
= 12 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)

cÉk²6 mgZjxq ˆfÙi I Nb RÅvwgwZ:


AsKGbi weeiY :
K. `yBwU ˆfÙi mgvb nIqvi kZÆ wjL| 2
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AF ˆ^GK AC = a ˆKGU wbB| L. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AvqZGÞGòi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK
(2) AC ‰i A we±`yGZ AM jÁ¼ AsKb Kwi| mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi| 4
(3) AM nGZ AK = h ˆKGU wbB | M. ‰KwU mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYGKi ˆnjvGbv DœPZv 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wgi
(4) K we±`yGZ AF || KL AuvwK| eÅvmvaÆ 3 ˆm.wg.| Bnvi AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4
(5) AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y O wbYÆq Kwi| 6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(6) O we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi M ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq KL ‰i Dci ‰KwU K ‰KwU ˆfÙi u ˆK Aci ‰KwU ˆfÙi v ‰i mgvb ejv nq hw` 

e†îPvc AuvwK| (i) |u| = |v| nq|
(7) gGb Kwi, e†îPvcwU KL ˆK B I B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| (ii) u ‰i aviK, v ‰i aviGKi mgv¯¦ivj A^ev Awf®² nq|
(8) A, B; A, B; B, C; B, C ˆhvM Kwi| (iii) u ‰i w`K v ‰i w`GKi mGã ‰KgyLx nq|
(9) ZvnGj ABC A^ev ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| L cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-4 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v- 282

cÉk
 ² 5 3x + 4y  12 = 0 I 3x  4y + 12 = 0 `yBwU mijGiLv| M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 3 ˆm.wg.

K. mijGiLvi Xvj ejGZ wK eyS? ‰KwU D`vniY `vI| 2 ˆnjvGbv DœPZv, l = 5 ˆm.wg.
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, mijGiLv `yBwU mgv¯¦ivj I jÁ¼ bq| 4 Avgiv Rvwb, l = h2 + r2
M. mijGiLv«¼q I x-AÞ «¼viv Ave«¬ wòfzRGÞGòi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 5 = h2 + 32
5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 52 = h2 + 32
K ˆKvGbv mijGiLv x-AGÞi abvñK w`GKi mvG^ ˆh ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ev, h2 = 25  9
Zvi tangent ˆK H mijGiLvi Xvj eGj| ev, h = 16
ˆhgb : y = 3x + 5 mijGiLvi Xvj 3.  h = 4 ˆm.wg.
1
L cÉ`î mijGiLvq, 3x + 4y  12 = 0  mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYGKi AvqZb = 3 r2h Nb ‰KK
ev 4y = 12  3x 1
=
3
 3.1416  32  4 Nb ˆm.wg.
 7
= 37.6992 Nb ˆm.wg. cÉk²8 ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`vË I ‰KwU QØv ‰KGò ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv

= 37.7 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) nGjv|
K. bgybvGÞò wK? 2
cÉk
 ² 7 wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvGZi ˆÞGò L. bgybvGÞòwU ŠZwi Ki ‰es gy`Ëvq ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi
K. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin4x  sin2x = cos4x  cos2x 2 mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
a M. gy`Ëvq ˆUj A^ev QØvq 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. hw` tanx = b nq, ZGe sec x  sec x ˆK a I b ‰i gvaÅGg wbYÆq Ki
4 2

8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰es mijxKiY Ki| 4 K ˆKvGbv Š`e cixÞvq mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ ˆmUGK

M. mgvavb Ki: 5 sec2x  7 tanx.secx  2 tan2x = 0 4 bgybvGÞò eGj|
7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ‰KwU gy`vË I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc NUbvi Probability tree wbGÁ²
K sin4x  sin2x = (sin2x)2  sin2x
 ˆ`LvGbv nGjv :
= (1  cos2x)2  (1  cos2x) QØvi wcV
= 1  2 cos2x + cos4x  1 + cos2x
1
= cos4x  cos2x (cÉgvwYZ)
a 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tanx = b
 3
a2 H
ev, 2
tan x = 2
b
[eMÆ KGi] 4
a 2 5
ev, sec2x  1 =
b2 6
a2 gy`Ëvi wcV
ev, sec2x = 1 + b2
1
a2 + b2
ev, sec2x = b2 2
(a2 + b2)2
ev, sec4x = b4 [eMÆ KGi] 3
T
(a2 + b2)2 a2 + b2 4
‰Lb, sec x  sec x = b4
4 2

b2 5
a + b a + b2
2 2 2
=
b2 ( b2
1)  bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe :
6
{H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5,
a + b a + b  b2
2 2 2 2
=
b2 ( b2 ) T5, H6, T6} (Ans.)
ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 12wU
a2 + b2 a2 a2 2
= . = (a + b2) (Ans.)
b2 b2 b4 Avevi gy`vË q ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv = H2,
M
 5 sec2x  7 tanx.secx  2 tan2x = 0 H4, H6
5 sinx 1 sin2x  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 3wU
ev, cos2 x  7.cosx .cosx  2.cos2 x = 0 3
ev, 5  7 sinx  2 sin2x = 0  gy`vË q ˆnW I QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 12
ev, 2 sin2x + 7 sinx  5 = 0 =
1
(Ans.)
7 72  4.2.(5) 4
ev, sinx =
2.2 M ‰KwU gy`Ëv I ‰KwU QØv ‰KGò wbGÞGci bgybv ˆÞòwU

 7  49 + 40 = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}
ev, sinx =
4  ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 12wU
 7  89 gy`vË q ˆUj A^ev QØvq 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j
ev, sinx =
4 NUbv = T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, H3, H6
 sinx = 0.608 A^ev, sinx =  4.108 [MÉnYGhvMÅ bq|]  AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 8wU
 x = 0.654  gy`vË q ˆUj A^ev QØvq 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv cvIqvi
 x = 0.654 (Ans.)
8 2
mÁ¿vebv = 12 =
3
(Ans.)

 mvgmyj nK Lvb Õ•zj ‰´£ KGjR, XvKv

cÉk²1 g(x) = 2x  3 ‰KwU dvskb|
 L
 g(x) msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 2x  3  0 nq|
K. g(x) = 2 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, 2x  3 + 3  3
3
L. g(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki ‰es dvskbwU ‰K-‰K wKbv ˆ`LvI| 4 ev, 2x  3  x 
2
M. g1(x) ‰i ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 4 3
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  ˆWvGgb = { xÑ:x
2} (Ans.)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, g(x) = 2x  3
 g(x) ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ˆhGKvGbv x1, x2  ˆWvg g,
kZÆgGZ, g(x) = 2 x1  x2 ‰i RbÅ g(x1) = g(x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq|
ev, 2x  3 = 2 awi, g(x1) = g(x2)
ev, 2x  3 = 4  2x1  3 = 2x2  3
ev, 2x = 4 + 3 ev, 2x1  3 = 2x2  3 [eMÆ KGi]
ev, 2x = 7 ev, 2x1 = 2x2  x1 = x2
x=
7
(Ans.)  g dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
2
8
M awi, g 1(x) = a
 (ii) ‰i Dfq cÞ nGZ x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
ev, x = g (a)  2 = 2 + 2 + A + B
ev, x = 2a  3 ev, A + B = 2
1
ev, x2 = 2a  3 ev, 9 + B =  2
ev, 2a = x2 + 3 1
x2 + 3 ev, B = 2  9
ev, a = 2
19
x2 + 3  B=
 g 1(x) = 9
2
A, B I C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
x2 + 3
Avevi, awi, y = 2 F(x)
=1+
1

19
+
2
2 (Ans.)
H(x) 9(x  2) 9(x + 1) 3(x + 1)
ev, x2 + 3 = 2y
ev, x2 = 2y  3 cÉk²3 1 + (1 + 3y)1 + (1 + 3y)2 + (1 + 3y)3 + ... ‰KwU Amxg aviv|

 x= 2y  3 K. y = 1 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
3 1
‰Lb, x msævwqZ nGe hw`I ˆKej hw` 2y  3  0 ev, y  2 nq| L. y = 3 nGj, avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
3 M. y ‰i Dci Kx Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe
 g 1(x) ‰i ˆié = { yÑ:y
2} (Ans.)
‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk
 ² 2 F(x) = x3  2x2 + 1 ‰es H(x) = x3  3x  2 `yBwU eüc`x|
1 1 1
K. F(x) ˆK (x + 1) «¼viv fvM KiGj ˆh fvMGkl ^vGK Zv fvMGkl K cÉ`î avivwU, 1 + 1 + 3y + (1 + 3y)2 + (1 + 3y)3 + ......

DccvG`Åi mvnvGhÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 1 1 1
F(x) y = 1 nGj avivwU, 1 + + + + ........
L. H(x) = 0 nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1 + 3.1 (1 + 3.1)2 (1 + 3.1)3
1 1 1
F(x) = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .......
M. ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki|
H(x)
4 4 4 4
1
2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb w«¼Zxq c` 4 1
 mvaviY AbycvZ = = = (Ans.)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = x3  2x2 + 1
 cÉ^g c` 1 4
F(x) ˆK (x + 1) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe F(1) 1
 F(1) = (1)3  2(1)2 + 1 = 1  2 + 1 =  2 (Ans.) L
 y=
3
nGj avivwU,
F(x) 1 1 1
L kZÆgGZ, H(x) = 0
 1+
1
+ + + ........
1 2 1
( ) ( )
3
1 + 3. 1 + 3. 1 + 3.
ev, F(x) = 0 3 3 3
ev, x3  2x2 + 1 = 0 1 1 1
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + .......
ev, x3  x2  x2 + x  x + 1 = 0 2 2 2
ev, x2 (x  1)  x(x 1) 1 (x  1) = 0 hvi cÉ^g c`, a = 1
ev, (x  1) (x2  x  1) = 0 1
2 1
nq, x  1 = 0 A^ev x2  x  1 = 0 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 2 < 1
(1)2  4.1(1)
(1)  a(1 − rn)
x=1 x=
2.1 Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi 1g n cG`i mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1−r
1 1+4 1 5 a(1 − r10)
= =  avivwUi cÉ^g 10 cG`i mgwÓ¡, S10 =
2 2 1−r
10
1+ 5 1 5  1
x ‰i gvb 1, 2
,
2
(Ans.)
=
11 −
 ( ) 
2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, H(x) = x3  3x  2
 1−
1
3 2 2
= x + x  x  x  2x  2 2
= x2 (x + 1)  x (x + 1)  2(x + 1) 210 − 1
= (x + 1) (x2  x  2) 210 1024 − 1
= (x + 1) (x2  2x + x  2) = = 2
1 1024
= (x + 1) {x(x  2) + 1(x  2)} 2
= (x + 1) (x  2) (x + 1) 1023
= (x + 1)2 (x  2) = (Ans.)
512
F(x) x3  2x2 + 1
 = 1
H(x) (x + 1)2 (x  2)
1 + 3y 1
F(x) x3  2x2 + 1 A B C M
 cÉ`î avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 1 + 3y
awi, H(x) = (x + 1)2 (x  2)  1 + x  2 + (x + 1) + (x + 1)2 .... (i)
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1
(i) bs ˆK (x + 1)2 (x  2) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
1
x3  2x2 + 1  (x + 1)2 (x  2) + A(x + 1)2 + B(x + 1) (x  2)
+ C(x  2) ..... (ii)
|
ev, 1 + 3y < 1 nq| |
1
(ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmGq cvB, 8  8 + 1 = A.9  A =
1 A^Ævr, −1 < 1 + 3y < 1
9
1
(ii) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB,  −1 <
1 + 3y
 1  2 + 1 = C(1 2)
2 ev, −1 > 1 + 3y ev, −1 − 1 > 1 + 3y − 1
ev, 2 =  3C  C = 3 2
ev, −2 > 3y  y < − 3
 9
1
A^ev, 1 + 3y < 1 M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-5 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-283

ev, 1 + 3y > 1 cÉk²6
 Y
A P B (3, 3)
ev, 1 + 3y − 1 > 1 − 1
ev, 3y > 0
y>0 X X
O Q
2
 wbGYÆq kZÆt y > 0 A^ev y < − D C
3
a 1 1
AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = = = PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY 3x + 4y = 12. Y
1r 1 1 + 3y  1
1
1 + 3y 1 + 3y K. PQ ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
=
1 + 3y
(Ans.) L. XY mgZGji cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z PZzfzÆRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki|4
A 3y
M. hw` KYÆ BD I AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N nq ZGe ˆfÙi
cÉk
² 4 1
c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki MN || AB || DC ‰es MN = 2 (DC  AB) 4
6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K
 PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 3x + 4y = 12
S G E 3x 4y x y
O ev, 12 + 12 = 1  4 + 3 = 1
 Q we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (4, 0) I P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (0, 3)
B P D C
 PQ ‰i Š`NÆÅ = (4  0)2 + (0  3)2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5 (Ans.)
wPGò BC = 4 ˆm.wg. S cwiGK±`Ê, O jÁ¼we±`y ‰es AP gaÅgv| L wPòvbymvGi, XY mgZGji 1g PZzfÆvGM AewÕ©Z PZzfzÆRwUi kxlÆwe±`y

K. BP ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 O, Q, B, P
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AG : GP = 2:1 4 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, Q(4, 0) I P(0, 3)
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, O(0, 0), B(3, 3)
M. AâGbi weeiYmn ‰i…c ‰KwU e†î Aâb Ki hv DóxcGKi e†îwUGK C
1 0 4 3 0 0
we±`yGZ Õ·kÆ KGi ‰es e†Gîi ewntÕ© ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y w`Gq hvq|
4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
4  |
PZzfzÆR OQBP ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 0 0 3 3 0 |
1
= (0 + 12 + 9 + 0  0  0  0  0)
K wPòvbymvGi ABC ‰i AP gaÅgv| AZ‰e P we±`y BC ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
 2
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, BC = 4 1
=  21
BC 2
ev, 2
=2 = 10.5 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
 BP = 2 ˆm.wg. (Ans.) M
 A B

L DœPZi MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.2 ‰i Dccv`Å-3.10 `ËÓ¡eÅ|

 M N
c†Ó¤v-74
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, D C
M DœPZi MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-4 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-7 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-91

BD I AC KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N| N, M ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉk
 ² 5 ‰KwU PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg A(7, 2), B(4, 2), C(4, 3) 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, MN || AB || DC ‰es MN = 2(DC  AB)
‰es D(7, 3)
K. B I D we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvb ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ
A I B we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a I b
L. PZzfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZ Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 
M. DóxcGKi DwÍÏwLZ PZzfzÆRwUi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y S, T, X, Y DC = c  d
nGj ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, STXY ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| 4 
AB = b  a
5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
 M we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2(d + b) [‹ M, DB ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
2 + 3 5
K
 B(4, 2) I D(7, 3) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi Xvj = =
4  7 11
(Ans.) 1
‰es N we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2(c + a) [‹ N, CA ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg
  1 1 1
 MN = (c + a)  (d + b) = (c + a  d  b)
A(7, 2), B(4, 2), C(4, 3) ‰es D(7,3) 2 2 2
1 1 
 AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2  2)2 = (11)2 + 0 = 11 ‰KK = {(c  d)  (b  a)} = ( DC  AB )
2 2
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (4 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 0 + 52 = 5 ‰KK    
AB || DC nIqvq DC  AB ˆfÙiwUI DC I AB ˆfÙGii
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (47)2 + (3 + 3)2 = 121 + 0 = 11 ‰KK   
AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7  7)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 0 + 52 = 5 ‰KK mgv¯¦ivj nGe, ZvnGj MN ˆfÙiwU I DC I AB ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
 MN || AB
AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 121 + 25 = 146 ‰KK Avevi, AB || DC
BD KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (4  7)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 121 + 25  MN || AB || DC
= 146 ‰KK  1  
Avevi, | MN | = 2 |DC  AB |
myZivs Avgiv cvB,
1   1
AB = CD ‰es BC = AD ev, MN = 2 (|DC |  | AB |) = 2(DC  AB)
Avevi, KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD. 1
 ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (Ans.)
 MN || AB || DC ‰es MN = 2(DC  AB) (cÉgvwYZ)
10
cÉk
² 7 Y
ev, sin + cos = 2
B (x,y) AZtci DœPZi MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-8.3 ‰i D`vniY-17
`ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-170

X
X
O A cÉk²8 ‰KwU ^GjGZ ‰KB aiGbi 6wU KvGjv, 5wU jvj ‰es 4wU mv`v

gvGeÆj AvGQ| ^Gj nGZ ‰KwU gvGeÆj Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGjv|
Y K. `yBwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybv ˆÞòwU ŠZwi Ki| 2
P = cos ‰es Q = sin.
L. gvGeÆjwU (i) KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? (ii) jvj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
K. 7530 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2
L. aP  bQ = c nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, aQ + bP =  a2 + b2  c2 4 KZ? 4
y x M. gvGeÆjwU KvGjv A^ev jvj A^ev mv`v nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq KGi
M. + = x2 + y2 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ˆ`LvI ˆh, ‰wU ‰KwU wbwøZ NUbv| 4
2 2
7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
30  1  151  K `yBwU wbiGcÞ gy`vË ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybvGÞòwU : {HH,

K
 7530 = 75 ( ) ( ) ( )
60
= 75
2
=
2 HT, TH, TT} (Ans.)
151 
=
2

180
ˆiwWqvb = 1.3177 ˆiwWqvb (Ans.) L ˆgvU gvGeÆj = 6 + 5 + 4 = 15wU

(i) KvGjv gvGeÆj AvGQ 6wU
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, aP  bQ = c
 6 2
ev, a cos  b sin = c gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 15 = 5 (Ans.)
ev, (a cos  b sin)2 = c2 [eMÆ KGi] jvj gvGeÆj AvGQ 5wU
(ii)
ev, a2cos2  2.a cos.b sin + b2sin2 = c2 5 1
ev, a2(1  sin2)  2ab cossin + b2(1  cos2) = c2  gvGeÆjwU jvj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = =
15 3
ev, a2  a2sin2  2ab cossin + b2  b2cos2 = c2 1 2
ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2sin2 + 2.a sin.b cos + b2cos2  gvGeÆjwU jvj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1  3 = 3 (Ans.)
ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a sin + b cos)2
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

ev, (a sin + b cos)2 = a2 + b2  c2 2
ev, a sin + b cos =  a2 + b2  c2 gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 5
aQ + bP =  a2 + b2  c2 (cÉgvwYZ) 1
‰es gvGeÆjwU jvj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 3
M wPòvbymvGi,
 Y
AB y Avevi, ^GjGZ mv`v gvGeÆj AvGQ 4wU
sin = = 4
OB x2 + y2 B (x, y)  gvGeÆjwU mv`v nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 15
OA x
‰es cos = OB = 2 2 y
x + y X 
X
 gvGeÆjwU KvGjv A^ev jvj A^ev mv`v nIqvi
y x O x A 2 1 4 6 + 5 + 4 15
kZÆgGZ, + = x2 + y2 mÁ¿vebv = 5 + 3 + 15 = 15 = 15 = 1
2 2
y
ev, 2 2 + 2 2 = 2
x
Y
ˆhGnZz mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1 myZivs NUbvwU AekÅB NUGe| AZ‰e, ‰wU
x +y x +y ‰KwU wbwøZ NUbv| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

 gwZwSj miKvwi evjK DœP we`Åvjq, XvKv

cÉk
 ² 2 P(x, y, z) = x + y + z  3xyz ‰es Q(x) = x(x2 + 1)2
3 3 3
=
1
(x + y + z) (2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx)
2
K. (x, y, z) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 2
1
L. hw` x = b + c  a, y = c + a  b ‰es z = a + b  c nq ZGe P(x, y, z) = (x + y + z) {(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2}
2
‰es P(a, b, c) ‰i gGaÅ mÁ·KÆ Õ©vcb Ki| 4 1
1 = (b + c  a + c + a  b + a + b  c) {(b + c  a  c  a +b)2 + (c +
2
M. Q(x)
ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 a  b  a  b + c)2 + ( a + b  c  b  c + a)2}
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb [x, y , z ‰i gvb ewmGq]
1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 = (a + b + c) {(2b  2a) + (2c  2b) + (2a  2c)2}
2
2 2

P (x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz
1
= (x + y)3  3xy (x + y) + z3  3xyz = (a + b + c) {4(a  b)2 + 4(b  c)2 + 4 (c  a)2}
2
= (x + y)3 + z3  3xy(x + y)  3xyz 1
= (x + y + z)3  3(x + y) z (x + y + z)  3xy(x + y + z) = 4. (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2}
2
= (x + y + z) {(x + y + z)2  3z(x + y)  3xy} 1
= (x + y + z) {(x + y)2 + 2(x + y)z + z2  3z(x + y)  3xy} = 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc) [ (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2
2
= (x + y + z) {x2 + 2xy + y2 + z2  z(x + y)  3xy} + (c  a)2} = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc]
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) (Ans.) = 4. F(a, b, c).
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ev, P (x, y, z) = 4 P(a, b, c)
x=b+ca P (x, y, z)
y=c+ab
ev, P (a, b, c) = 4
‰es z=a+bc P (a, b, c) 1
ev, P (x, y, z) = 4 [wecixZKiY KGi]
‘L’ nGZ cvB,
F (x, y, z)  P (a, b, c) t P (x, y, z) = 1 t 4
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx) M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-2 ‰i D`vniY-7 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v- 58

 11
cÉk
 ² 2 a + b + c = p ‰es X = ab logk(ab), Y = bc logk(bc) ev, c logkc = m
‰es Z = ca logk(ca) ev, logkcc = m
 cc = km ... ... (v)
K. log 8 x = 31 nGj x = KZ? 2
3 Avevi, (iv) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
L. p = 0 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, 1 1 1 m(b + c)
(xb + xc + 1)1 + (xc + xa + 1)1 + (xa + xb + 1)1 = 1 4
logk(abc) – logk(bc) = m
[ + +
a b c ] 
bc

M. hw` X = Y = Z nq ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, aa = bb = cc 4 abc 1 1 1 1 1

a+b b+c c+a
ev, logk
bc
=m
[
+ +  
a b c b c ]
2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, logka =
m
a
K cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-9.2 ‰i D`vniY- 5(i) Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v- 203

ev, a logka = m
L kZÆvbymvGi, a + b + c = 0
 ev, logkaa = m
 a + b =  c ‰es b + c =  a  aa = km ... ... (vi)
evgcÞ = b 1c + c
1
+
1 cybivq, (iv) bs ˆ^GK (iii) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
x + x + 1 x + x + 1 xa + x b + 1
a
1 1 1 m(c + a)
= b
1
+
1
+
1
x + xb + a + 1 xc + 1 + 1 xa + 1 + 1
logk(abc) – logk(ca) = m
[
+ +
a b c ] 
ca
abc 1 1 1 1 1

= b
1
+
xa
xa
+
xb
xb
ev, logk
ca
=m
[
+ +  
a b c c a ]
x + xb + a + 1 xc + a + xa + 1 xa + b + xb + 1 m
ev, logkb =
1 xa xb b
= b + +
x + xb + a + 1 xb + xa + 1 xb + xa + b + 1 ev, b logkb = m
= b
1
+
xa
+
xb ev, logkbb = m
x + xb + a + 1 1 + xa + 1 xa + b + xb + 1  bb = km ... ... (vii)
xb
myZivs, (v), (vi) I (vii) bs ˆ^GK ˆjLv hvq,
1 xa . xb xb
= b + + aa = bb = cc = km
x + xb + a + 1 1 + xb + a + xb xb + xb + a + 1
 aa = bb = cc (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
1 + xb + a + xb
= = 1 WvbcÞ (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) cÉk²3 (3p + 1) + (3p + 1) + (3p + 1)
 1 2 3
+ .... ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv
1 + xb + a + xb
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ‰es Q = (4 + x)  41 ‰KwU w«¼c`x ivwk|
..
X = ab logk(ab), Y = bc logk(bc) I Z = ca logk(ca) K. ˆK gƒj`xq f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki|
0.12 2
‰es X = Y = Z L. ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe
P
a+b b+c c+a
‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ab logk(ab) bc logk(bc) ca logk(ca)

a+b
=
b+c
=
c+a M. Qn ‰i weÕ¦‡wZi Z‡Zxq cG`i mnM PZz^Æ cG`i mnGMi w«¼àY nGj n
ab logk(ab) bc logk(bc) ca logk(ca) ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGi weÕ¦‡wZi gaÅc` wbYÆq Ki| 4
awi, = = =m
3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
a+b b+c c+a
m(a + b) 
 logk(ab) =
ab
... ... ... (i) K
 0.12 = 0.12121212 ... ... ...
= 0.12 + 0.0012 + 0.000012 + ... ... ...
Avevi, logk(bc) = m(b + c) ... ... ... (ii) hv ‰KwU Ab¯¦ àGYvîi aviv|
bc
m(c + a) avivwUi 1g c`, a = 0.12
‰es logk(ca) = ... ... ... (iii) 0.0012
ca mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 0.12 = 0.01
‰Lb, (i) bs, (ii) bs I (iii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,  avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡,
m(a + b) m(b + c) m(c + a)
logk(ab) + logk(bc) + logk(ca) = + + a 0.12 0.12 12 4
ab bc ca S∞ = = = = =
1  r 1  0.01 0.99 99 33
1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, logk (ab · bc · ca) = m
[+ + + + +
a b b c c a ]  4
 0.12 = (Ans.)
33
1 1 1
ev, logk (abc)2 = 2m
[ + +
a b c ] L cÉ`î aviv (3p + 1)1 + (3p + 1)2 + (3p + 1)3 + ............

1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, 2 logk (abc) = 2m [ + +
a b c ] = + +
3p + 1 (3p + 1)2 (3p + 1)3
1
+ ...............

1 1 1 cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c` a = 3p + 1
 logk(abc) = m
[ + +
a b c ] ... ... (iv)
1 1
‰es mvaviY AbycvZ r = (3p + 1)2  3p + 1 = 3p + 1
1
(iv) bs ˆ^GK (i) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
1 1 1 m (a  b ) cÉ`î avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| <1 nq
logk(abc) – logk(ab) = m
[ + +
a b c ] –
ab  | 1
|
3p + 1
<1
1 1 1 1 1
=m
[ + +  
a b c a b ] ev, 1 <
1
3p + 1
<1
abc m
ev, logk =
ev, 1 <
1
ab c 3p + 1
m
ev, logkc =
c
12

ev,
1
>
3p + 1
[wecixZKiY KGi] 4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1
K bewe±`ye†î: ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`yòq, kxlÆwe±`yàGjv

ev, 1 > 3p + 1
ˆ^GK wecixZ evüòGqi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼òGqi cv` we±`yòq ‰es
ev, 1  1 > 3p + 1  1
kxlÆwe±`y I jÁ¼we±`yi msGhvRK ˆiLvòGqi gaÅwe±`yòq, meÆGgvU ‰B
ev, 2 > 3p
2
bqwU we±`y ‰KB e†Gîi Dci AeÕ©vb KGi| ‰B e†îGKB bewe±`ye†î
 p<
3 eGj| ‰es wòfzGRi jÁ¼we±`y I cwiGK±`Ê msGhvRb KGi Drc®²
1 ˆiLvsGki gaÅwe±`yB bewe±`y e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê|
Avevi, 3p + 1 < 1 P
L

ev, 3p + 1 > 1
ev, 3p > 1  1
ev, 3p > 0 O
 p>0 Q S
2 M
 wbGYÆq kZÆ : p <  3 A^ev p > 0 (Ans.)

avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, R

1 1
a 3p + 1 3p + 1 1
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi e†Gî A¯¦ÆwjwLZ PQRS PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evüàGjv
S =
1r
=
1
= =
3p + 1  1 3p
(Ans.) h^vKÌGg PQ I RS ‰es QR I PS| PR ‰es QS PZzfzÆRwUi `yBwU KYÆ|
1
3p + 1 3p + 1 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PR . QS = PQ . RS + PS . QR.
4+x x x Aâb: QPR ˆK SPR ‰i ˆQvU aGi wbGq P we±`yGZ PS ˆiLvsGki mvG^
M cÉ`î w«¼c`x ivwk, Q = (4 + x)  41 =
 4
=1+ =1+
4 4 QPR-‰i mgvb KGi SPM AuvwK ˆhb PM ˆiLv QS KYÆGK M we±`yGZ
x n
ˆQ` KGi|
 Qn = ( ) 1+
4 cÉgvY: Aâb AbymvGi QPR = SPM
w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB, DfqcGÞ RPM ˆhvM KGi cvB,
n 2 3
x n x n x n x
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
1+
4
=1+ 1
2
4
+ 2
4
+ 3
4
+ ......
QPR + RPM = SPM + RPM
A^Ævr, QPM = RPS
1 n
cÉk²vbymvGi, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) =2
n 1 3
‰Lb PQM I PRS ‰i gGaÅ
4 2 3 4
PQM = PRS [‰KB e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2) 1
ev, 1.2
= 2.
1.2.3
.
4
‰es AewkÓ¡ PMQ = AewkÓ¡ PSR
1 n2  PQM I PRS m`†kGKvYx|
ev, 2 = 12 QM PQ
=
RS PR
ev, 2n  4 = 12
A^Ævr, PR . QM = PQ . RS .............................. (i)
ev, 2n = 16
16
Avevi, PQR I PMS ‰i gGaÅ
ev, n = 2
 n = 8 (Ans.) QPR = SPM [Aâb AbymvGi]
ˆhGnZz, n = 8 PRQ = PSM [‰KwU e†îvskwÕ©Z ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
 weÕ¦‡wZi c`msLÅv = 8 + 1 = 9 ‰es AewkÓ¡ PQR = AewkÓ¡ PMS
Avevi, ˆhGnZz c`msLÅv 9  PQR I PMS m`†kGKvYx|
4 PS MS
 5g c` weÕ¦‡wZi gaÅc` ‰es ‰wU T5 = T4 + 1 = (84). 1 (14)  x
4 4  =
PR QR
A^Ævr, PR . MS = QR . PS ................................(ii)
1 4 4 8! 1 4 4
= 8 C4
4() x =
4!(8  4)!
.
4
x () ‰Lb mgxKiY (1) I (2) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
PR . QM + PR. MS = PQ . RS + QR . PS
8.7.6.5 1 1 1 1 4
=     x
4.3.2.1 4 4 4 4 ev, PR (QM + MS) = PQ . RS + QR . PS
8.7.6.5 1680 4 35 A^Ævr, PR . QS = PQ . RS + QR . PS [ˆhGnZz QM + MS = QS]
=  x4 = x =  x4 (Ans.)
4.3.2.1. 256 6144 128  PR.QS = PQ.RS + PS.QR (cÉgvwYZ)
P M gGb Kwi, PQR ‰i gaÅgvòq h^vKÌGg PM, QN I RS ciÕ·i
cÉk
² 4 G
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| P

Q S S N

G
Q R
M
R
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + QR2 + RP2 = 3(PG2 + QG2 + RG2)
PQRS PZzfzÆRwU e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZzfzÆR| cÉgvY: PQR ‰i PM, QN I RS wZbwU gaÅgv
K. bewe±`y e†î KvGK eGj? bewe±`y e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê ˆKvbwU? 2  ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR.QS = PQ.RS + PS.QR 4 PQ2 + RP2 = 2(PM2 + QM2) ..... (i)
M. PQR ‰i gaÅgvòq G we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + QR2 = 2(QN2 + RN2) .......... (ii)
PQ2 + QR2 + PR2 = 3(GP2 + GQ2 + GR2) 4 ‰es QR2 + RP2 = 2(RS2 + QS2) .......... (iii)
 13
‰Lb mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQRS PZyfzÆGRi evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg
 A, B, C
2PQ2 + 2QR2 + 2RP2 = 2PM2 + 2QM2 + 2QN2 + 2RN2 + 2RS2 + 2QS2 I D| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
ev, 2(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 2(PM2 + QN2 + RS2) + 2(QM2 + RN2 + QS2)    
ev, 4(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 4(PM2 + QN2 + RS2) + (2QM)2 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, PQ = a, QR = b, RS = c ‰es SP = d
   1  1 
+ (2RN) 2 + (2QS)2 ZvnGj, AB = AQ + QB = 2 PQ + 2 QR
ev, 4(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 4(PM2 + QN2 + RS2) + QR2 + RP2 + PQ2  1   1
ev, 3(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 4(PM2 + QN2 + RS2) ........ (iv) ev, AB = 2 (PQ + QR) = (a + b)
2
Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv ˆQ` we±`yGZ 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ  1 Q A P
nq| Abyi…cfvGe BC = 2 (b + c)
PG 2  1 B
 = CD = (c + d)
GM 1 2 D
GM 1
ev, PG = 2  1
‰es DA = 2 (d + a) R C S
GM + PG 1 + 2
ev, PG = 2 [ˆhvRb KGi]   
Avevi, PR = PQ + QR = a + b
PM 3   
ev, PG = 2 ‰es RP = RS + SP = (c + d) [ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi wòfzR wewa Abyhvqx]
 
ev, 2PM = 3PG  (a + b) + (c + d) = PR + RP
ev, 4PM2 = 9PG2 [eMÆ KGi]  
= PR  PR [ RP = – PR]
 

Abyi…Gc 4QN2 = 9QG2 ‰es 4RS2 = 9RG2 =0

 (iv) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, A^Ævr (a + b) = (c + d)
3(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 9PG2 + 9QG2 + 9RG2 1 1
(a + b) =  (c + d)
ev, 3(PQ2 + QR2 + RP2) = 9(PG2 + QG2 + RG2) 2

2

 PQ2 + QR2 + RP2 = 3(PG2 + QG2 + RG2) (cÉgvwYZ)  AB = CD
 
 AB = DC
cÉk
 ² 5 A(1, 4t) ‰es B(5, t2  1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj = 1
 AB ‰es DC mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj| Abyi…cfvGe, BC ‰es AD mgvb
K. 3y = 6x + 10 ˆiLvwU AÞ«¼qGK ˆh ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi Zv wbYÆq Ki| 2
I mgv¯¦ivj|
L. t ‰i gvGbi Dci wfwî KGi cÉvµ¦ PviwU we±`y P, Q, R, S nGj PQRS  ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ)
PZzfzÆRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQRS PZzfzÆRwUi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi cÉk²6 ‰KwU ˆjvnvi wbGiU ˆMvjGKi cwiwa 12 ˆm.wg.| ‰GK MwjGq

gaÅwe±`yi msGhvRK ˆiLvmgƒn ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK Drc®² KGi| 4 7 ˆm.wg. ewnteÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ I mgfvGe cyi‚ ‰KwU duvcv ˆMvjGK cwiYZ
5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Kiv nGjv|
K. ˆMvjKwUi (wbGiU) c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
K 3y = 6x + 10
 L. duvcv ˆMvjGKi ˆjvnvi cyi‚Z½ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev,  6x + 3y = 10 M. wbGiU ˆMvjGKi ˆjvnv ˆ^GK 8 ˆm.wg. Š`NÆÅ I 6 ˆm.wg. eÅvGmi KqwU
6x 3y
ev,  10 + 10 = 1 wbGiU wmwj´£vi ŠZwi Kiv hvGe Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4
3x 3y 6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, + =1
 5 10 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

x
+
y
=1 wbGiU ˆMvjGKi cwiwa = 12 ˆm.wg.
5 10

3 3
awi, ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ = r ˆm.wg.
5
 ,, cwiwa = 2r ˆm.wg.
 mijGiLvwU X-AÞGK ( ) ‰es
 0
3 cÉk²gGZ, 2r = 12
 r=6
10
Y-AÞGK ( )
0
3
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj = 4r2
= 4  3.1416  62
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 = 452.39 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
a = 3 A^ev, a = 1
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

a ‰i gvb 3 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  3) ‰es (5 , 32  1)
wbGiU ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 6 ˆm.wg.
A^Ævr, (1, 12) ‰es (5, 8) 4
‰es a ‰i gvb 1 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  1) ‰es (5, 12  1)  ,, ,, AvqZb = 3 r3
A^Ævr, (1, 4) ‰es (5, 0) 4
= ..63
ZvnGj, we±`yàGjv C(5, 0), D(5, 8), E(1, 12) ‰es F(1, 4) 3
‰Lb, we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZyfzÆR ˆÞò = 288 Nb ˆm.wg.
1 5 5 1 1 5 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
CDEF ‰i ˆÞòdj |
= 0 8 12 4 0 eMÆ ‰KK
2 | bZzb ˆMvjGKi ewnteÅvmvaÆ, R = 7 ˆm.wg.
1 4 4 1372
= (40 + 60 + 4 + 0  0 8 12 20)
2
eMÆ ‰KK  ,, ,, ewntAvqZb = 3 R3 = 3 ..73 = Nb ˆm.wg.
3
1
= (104  40) eMÆ ‰KK awi, ˆMvjGKi duvcv AsGki eÅvmvaÆ = r1 ˆm.wg.
2 4
1  ,, ,, ,, AvqZb = 3 r13 Nb ˆm.wg.
= (64) eMÆ ‰KK
2
1372 4 3
= 32 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)  ˆjvnvi AvqZb = 3
 r1
3
14

myZivs
1372 4 3
 r1 = 288
KviY  1  cos  1
3 3 Avevi, 2 cos  1 = 0
4 1
(343  r13) = 288 ev, cos = 2
3
288  3
ev, 343  r13 = 4 ev, cos = cos 60
  = 60 (Ans.)
ev, r13 = 343  216
ev, r13 = 127 cÉk²8 ‰KwU wbiGcÞ QØv I ‰KwU gy`Ëv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|

 r1 = 5.026525 K. Š`e cixÞv I bgybv ˆÞò ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
 duvcv ˆMvjGKi ˆjvnvi cyi‚Z½ = R  r1 L. Probability tree ŠZwi KGi bgybvGÞòwU ˆjL| QØvq ˆRvo ‰es gy`vË q
= 7  5.026525 T Avmvi mÁ¿vebv ˆei Ki| 4
= 1.973475 M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gy`vË wU n msLÅK evi wbGÞc KiGj msNwUZ NUbv 2n ˆK
= 1.97 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
mg^Æb KGi| 4
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wbGiU ˆMvjGKi AvqZb = 288 Nb ˆm.wg. K Š`e cixÞv: hw` ˆKvGbv cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj AvGM ˆ^GKB

ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, wbGiU wmwj´£vGii Š`NÆÅ, h = 8 ˆm.wg. Rvbv ^vGK wK¯¦y ˆKvb wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆPÓ¡vi djvdj ARvbv ^vGK ˆm
,, ,, eÅvm, d = 6 ˆm.wg. cixÞvGK Š`e cixÞv eGj|
6
,, ,, eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 = 3 ˆm.wg. bgybvGÞò : ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ
 ,, ,, AvqZb = r h 2 ˆmUGK bgybv ˆÞò eGj|
=   32  8 L ‰KwU gy`vË I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc NUbvi
 Probability tree wbGÁ²
= 72 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆ`LvGbv nGjv :
awi, wbGiU wmwj´£vi ŠZwi Kiv hvGe = nwU QØvi wcV
 n.72 = 288
1
 n = 4wU (Ans.)
2
cÉk
² 7 B
3
H
4
 5
A C
O
6
gy`Ëvi wcV
1
gvwqkv ABC e†îvKvi cG^ mvBGKGj PGo 10 ˆmGKG´£ ‰KwU e†îPvc
2
AwZKÌg Kij|
K. 301236 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2 T
3
L. e†îPvcwU ˆK±`Ê 28 ˆKvY Drc®² KiGj ‰es e†Gîi eÅvm 180 wgUvi 4
nGj gvwqkvi MwZGeM wbYÆq Ki| 4 5
M. hw` AB = 3, BC = 1 ‰es sec + cos = P nq ZGe P ‰i gvb 6
wbYÆq Ki ‰es mgxKiYwU mgvavb Ki| 4
7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe : {H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5, T5,
H6, T6} (Ans.)
K cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-8.1 ‰i D`vniY-3(i) `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v- 150
 ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 12wU
L cvVÅewGqi Abykxjbx-8.1 ‰i D`vniY-8 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v- 153 QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`vË q T Avmvi NUbv = 2T, 4T, 6T
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AB = 3  AbyK„j NUbv = 3wU
BC = 1 3 1
 QØvq ˆRvo msLÅv I gy`vË q T Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 12 = 4 (Ans.)
 AC = AB2 + BC2 = ( 3)2 + 12 = 4 = 2
AC BC 2 1 5 M ˆhGnZz ‰KwU gy`vË q 2wU wcV ^vGK myZivs gy`vË wU ‰Kevi wbGÞc

Avevi, P = sec + cos = BC + AC = 1 + 2 = 2 (Ans.) KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2wU|
 sec + cos =
5 Avevi, gy`ËvwU 2q evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 4wU|
2
1 5
‰gbfvGe,
ev, cos + cos = 2 gy`vË wU 1 evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2
1 + cos2 5 ” 2 ” ” ” ” = 4 = 2  2 = 22
ev, cos
=
2 ” 3 ” ” ” ” = 8 = 2  2  2 = 23
ev, 2 + 2 cos2 = 5 cos ” 4 ” ” ” ” = 16 = 2  2  2  2 = 24
ev, 2 cos2  5 cos + 2 = 0 .........................................................................................................
ev, 2 cos2  4 cos  cos + 2 = 0 gy`vË wU n evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2n
ev, 2 cos(cos  2)  1(cos  2) = 0  gy`vË wU n msLÅK evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2n ˆK mg^Æb
ev, (cos  2) (2 cos  1) = 0 KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
 cos  2 = 0
ev, cos = 2, hv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq|
 15
 wmGjU miKvwi cvBjU DœP we`Åvjq, wmGjU
3 5 1 10 y 6
2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²1
 ( ) (x+
x
, 2m2 
2m3 ) ( ) , p2 
p
wZbwU w«¼c`x ivwk|
4x + 3
K. 1g w«¼c`x ivwki gaÅc` wbYÆq Ki| 2 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 f(x) =
2x + 5
L. 2q w«¼c`x ivwki m ewRÆZ c` ‰es ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 f(x) msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 2x + 5  0 nq|
M. 3q w«¼c`xi weÕ¦‡wZGZ p3 ‰i mnM 540 nGj, y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 2x  – 5
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 5
Ôx–
2
3 5
K 1g w«¼c`x ivwk =
 ( )
x+
x Ô ˆWvGgb = Ñ – { }
–
5
2
(Ans.)
w«¼c`x ivwkwUi NvZ 5, hv weGRvo msLÅv|
5+1 L ˆhGKvGbv x1, x2  ˆWvg  ‰i RbÅ (x) ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej

 gaÅc` nGe ( ) ev Zg c`
2
3
hw` (x1) = (x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq|
5+1 awi, (x1) = (x2)
‰es ( ) ev Zg c`
2
+1 4
4x + 3 4x + 3
ev, 2x11 + 5 = 2x22 + 5
5 3 2
3 ev (2 + 1) Zg c` = ( ) () 2 x 52
.
x ev, 8x1x2 + 6x2 + 20x1 + 15 = 8x1x2 + 6x1 + 20x2 + 15
9 3 ev, 20x1 – 6x1 = 20x2 – 6x2
= 10x . 2
x
= 90x (Ans.) ev, 14x1 = 14x2
5 3 3 Ô x1 = x2
‰es 4 ev (3 + 1) Zg c` = 3 x53 . () () x Ôf dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
27
= 10.x . 3
x
2
M awi f –1(x) = a

4a + 3
=
270
(Ans.)
ev, x = f(a) ev, x = 2a + 5
x
ev, 2ax + 5x = 4a + 3
L gGb Kwi, (r + 1) Zg c` m ewRÆZ|

r
ev, 2ax – 4a = 3 – 5x
1
 (r + 1) Zg c` = 10Cr(2m2)10  r ( ) 
2m3 ev, a(2x – 4) = 3 – 5x
3 – 5x
= 10Cr 210  r. m20  2r .
1
. ( 1)r ev, a = 2x – 4
2rm3r
= 10Cr 210  2r . m20  5r ( 1)r 3 – 5x
Ô f –1(x) =
2x – 4
cÉk²gGZ, 20  5r = 0
ev, 5r = 20 cÉk²gGZ, f –1(–2) = p f –1(–3)
3 – 5.(– 2) 3 – 5.(– 3)
 r=4
 m ewRÆZ c` = r + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5-Zg c`| (Ans.)
ev, 2.(– 2) – 4 = p { 2.(– 3) – 4 }
3 + 10 3 + 15
 m ewRÆZ c`wUi gvb = 10C4  210  2.4 ( 1)4 ev, – 4 – 4 = p – 6 – 4 ( )
= 210  4 13 18
= 840 (Ans.)
ev, – 8 = p ( )
– 10
13  10
y 6
ev,
M 3q w«¼c`x ivwk =
 ( )
p2 
p
p=
18  8
65
w«¼c`x weÕ¦w‡ Zi mvnvGhÅ cvB, Ô p = (Ans.)
72
y 6 2

( ) p2 
p
= (p2)6 + (61) (p ) (py) + (62) (p ) (py)
2 5 2 4
2

2
cÉk²3 A = p2  33  3 3 + 2 ‰es ƒ(x) = ln(1 + x); x  0.

6 y 3
+ (3 ) (p ) ( ) + ........... 2 3
K. (25)x = (125)y nGj x t y = KZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
p
= p12  6p9y + 15p6y2  20p3y3 + ................. L. A = 0 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, 3p3 + 9p = 8| 4
‰LvGb, p3 ‰i mnM =  20y3 M. ƒ(x) ‰i eYÆbvmn ˆjLwPò AuvK| 4
cÉk²gGZ,  20y3 = 540 3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, y3 =  27 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (25)x = (125)y

ev, y3 = ( 3)3 ev, (52)x = (53)y
 y =  3 (Ans.)
ev, 52x = 53y
cÉk
² 2 F(x) = 2x + 5
4x + 3 ev, 2x = 3y
K. F(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, x =
3
y 2
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, F(x) ‰KwU ‰K-‰K dvskb| 4  x : y = 3 : 2 (Ans.)
M. F 1(2) = PF 1(3) nGj P ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
16
2 2
PQ ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc QM.
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = p2  33
 33 +2
‰es PS ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc SM.
cÉk²gGZ, A = 0
2 2 L
 PSQ ‰i PO gaÅgv SQ evüGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ
ev, p2  3 3  3 3 + 2 = 0
2 2
nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2)
ev, p2 = 3 3  2 + 3 3 P
1 1 1 1 P
ev, 2
p = (3 )  3
2
2.33 . 3 3 + (3 ) 3
2

ˆm.wg.
1 1
p = (3  3 )
2
ev, 2 3 3

4
1 1
ev, p = 33  3 3
Q
60
S M
S
M O Q O
1 1
ev, p3 =(3  3 ) [Nb KGi]
3 3
3
wPò-(1) wPò-(2)
1 1 1 1 1 1
p = (3 )  (3 )  3.3 .3 (3  3 )
3 3
ev, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Aâb: SQ evüi Ici (wPò 1bs) ‰es SQ evüi ewaÆZvsGki Ici
ev, 3
p = 3  3  3.3 .p [‹ 3  3 = p ]
1
1 1

3 3
1
3
1
3 (wPò-2bs) PM jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
1 cÉgvY: PSO ‰i POS Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es SO ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki Dci
ev, p3 = 3   3.30.p
3 PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM [Dfq wPGò]
1
ev, p3 = 3   3p [‹ 30 = 1]  Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,
3
9  1  9p Avgiv cvB, PS2 = PO2 + SO2 + 2SO.OM ...... (i)
ev, p3 =
3 Avevi, PQO ‰i POQ mƒßGKvY ‰es OQ ˆiLvi (wPò-1bs)
ev, 3p3 = 8  9p ‰es OQ ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki (wPò-2bs) Dci PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼
 3p3 + 9p = 8 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) AwfGÞc OM.
M awi, y = (x) = ln(1 + x); x  0
  mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi cvB,
x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i gvb wbGÁ²i QGK ˆ`LvGbv nGjv: PQ2 = PO2 + QO2  2QO.OM...........(ii)
x 0 3 5 8 11 (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
y 0 1.386 1.792 2.197 2.485 PS2 + PQ2 = 2PO2 + SO2 + QO2 + 2SO.OM  2QO.OM
‰Lb, QK KvMGR x-AÞ XOX ‰es y-AÞ YOY AuvwK| Dfq AÞ = 2PO2 + QO2 + QO2 + 2QO.OM  2QO.OM [‹ SO=QO]
eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 ‰KK aGi QGK cÉvµ¦ = 2(PO2 + QO2)
we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb KGi ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj cÉvµ¦ eKÌGiLvB y = (x) =  PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) (cÉgvwYZ)
ln(1 + x) ‰i ˆjL| M
 P
S
Y
O
O

Q R
(8, 2.197) (11, 2.485)
(5, 1.792) gGb Kwi, PQRS mvgv¯¦wiGKi PR I QS KYÆÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ
(3, 1.386)
ˆQ` KGi|
   
O(0, 0) 5 10
gGb Kwi, PO = p , QO = q , OR = r , OS = s
  
X X
Y cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
PO = OR ‰es QO = OS
cÉk
² 4 wbGPi wPGò PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
P S
cÉgvY:
     
O PO + OS = PS ‰es QO + OR = QR
M ˆhGnZz mvgv¯¦wiGKi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj|
Q R  
K. PQ ‰es PS ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc wbYÆq Ki| 2  PS = QR
   
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) 4 A^Ævr, PO + OS = QO + OR
   
M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = OR ‰es QO = OS. 4 ev, p+ s = q + r
 
4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  p r =qs
  
K
 P S
‰LvGb, p I r ‰i

aviK PR
O

M p  r ‰i aviK PR
 
Q R
 17
Avevi, q I s ‰i aviK QS ˆhGnZz 9 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ˆMvjKwU wmwj´£vi AvK‡wZi evGÝ
q  s ‰i aviK QS
wVKfvGe ‰uGU hvq|
  myZivs wmwj´£vGii eÅvmvaÆ nGe ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ ‰es wmwj´£vGii
p r
 
I q

 s `yBwU mgvb mgvb A÷bÅ ˆfÙi nGj ZvG`i aviK DœPZv nGe ˆMvjGKi eÅvm|
ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| wK¯§ PR I QS `yBwU ciÕ·iGQ`x  wmwj´£vGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 9 ˆm.wg.
Amgv¯¦ivj mijGiLv| myZivs p  r I q  s GfÙi«¼q AkƒbÅ nGZ ‰es DœPZv, h = 9  2 ˆm.wg. = 18 ˆm.wg.
 
cvGi bv weavq ‰G`i gvb kƒbÅ nGe|  wmwj´£vGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
= 3.1416  92  18 Nb ˆm.wg.
 p  r = 0
 = 4580.4528 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
ev, p = r
 evÝwUi AbwaK‡Z AsGki AvqZb

ev, PO = OR
 = (4580.4528  3053.6352) Nb ˆm.wg.
  = 1526.8176 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 |PO| = |OR|
‰es q  s = 0 cÉk²6 A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4,  3) ‰es D(7,  3) we±`yàGjv

ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y|
ev, q = s
 K. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
 
ev, QO = OS L. A I B we±`y ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZxÆ Aci ‰KwU we±`y P(t, 2t) nGj t ‰i gvb
 
 |QO| = |OS|
wbYÆq Ki| 4
 PO = RO ‰es QO = SO (cÉgvwYZ) M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| 4
6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk
 ² 5 6 cm, 8 cm ‰es r cm eÅvmvaÆ wewkÓ¡ wZbwU KwVb avZe
K
 A(7, 2) I B( 4, 2) we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰gb ˆiLvi mgxKiY A^Ævr, AB
ˆMvjKGK MwjGq 9 cm eÅvmvaÆ wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU KwVb ˆMvjGK cwiYZ Kiv x7 y2
nGjv hv ‰KwU wmwj´£vi AvK‡wZi evGÝ wVKfvGe ‰uGU hvq| ˆiLvi mgxKiY, 7  ( 4) = 2  2
K. 6 cm eÅvmvaÆ wewkÓ¡ ˆMvjKwUi c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2 x7 y2
ev, 7 + 4 =
L. r ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 0
M. evÝwUi AbwaK‡Z AsGki AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4 x7 y2
ev, 11
=
0
5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, 11(y  2) = 0
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ R = 6 ˆm.wg.|
 ev, y  2 = 0
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆMvjGKi eÅvmvaÆ R nGj  y = 2 (Ans.)
‰i c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj = 4R2 eMƉKK L kZÆgGZ,

 cÉ`î ˆMvjGKi c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj A(7, 2) we±`y ˆ^GK P(t, 2t) we±`yi `ƒiZ½ = B( 4, 2) we±`y ˆ^GK
= 4  62 eMÆ ˆm.wg. P(t, 2t) we±`yi `ƒiZ½
= 4  36 eMÆ ˆm.wg. ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t  2)2
= 452.3904 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2 = (t + 4)2 + (2t  2)2 [eMÆ KGi]
4
L Avgiv Rvwb, ˆMvjGKi AvqZb = 3   (eÅvmvaÆ)3 Nb‰KK
 ev, (t  7)2 + (2t  2)2  (t + 4)2  (2t  2)2 = 0
ev, (t  7)2  (t + 4)2 = 0
6, 8, r ˆm.wg. eÅvmvGaÆi ˆMvjGKi AvqZGbi mgwÓ¡
ev, (t2  14t + 49)  (t2 + 8t + 16) = 0
4 4 4
= { 3
 (6)3 +  (8)3 + r3
3 3 } Nb ˆm.wg. ev, t2  14t + 49  t2  8t  16 = 0
4 ev,  22t + 33 = 0
=  (63 + 83 + r3) Nb ˆm.wg.
3 ev,  22t =  33
4  33
Avevi, 9 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ˆMvjGKi AvqZb = 3   93 Nb ˆm.wg. ev, t =  22
4 4
cÉk²gGZ, 3  (63 + 83 + r3) = 3   93 t=
3
2
ev, 63 + 83 + r3 = 93 3
t ‰i gvb 2 (Ans.)
ev, 216 + 512 + r3 = 729
ev, r3 = 729  728 M
 Y
A (7, 2)
ev, 3
r =1 B ( 4, 2)
X X
 r = 1 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
4
M
 9 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ˆMvjGKi AvqZb = 3 (9)3
4
=  3.1416  729 C ( 4,  3)
3 D (7,  3)

= 3053.6352 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) Y

18
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4,  3) ‰es D(7,  3) = 6440  0.034907
we±`yàGjv ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆwe±`y| hvi evüàGjv nGjv AB, = 224.801 wK.wg.
BC, CD, AD ‰es KYÆ«¼q AC I BD| ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, Mvoxi MwZGeM = 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv
‰LvGb, AB = {7  ( 4)}2 + (2  2)2  XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆcuŒQvGZ mgq jvMGe
= (7 + 4)2 + 02 = 11 2 = 11 = (224.801  67.86) N´Ÿv
CD = 2
( 4  7) + ( 3 + 3) = 2
( 11)2 + 02 = 11 2 = 11 = 3.31 N´Ÿv (cÉvq) (Ans.)
AD = (7  7)2 + ( 3  2)2 = 02 + ( 5)2 = 52 = 5 cÉk²8 ‰KwU eÅvGM 10wU jvj (R), 5wU KvGjv (B), 4wU mv`v (W) ‰es

2 2 2 2
BC = ( 4 + 4) + (2 + 3) = 0 +5 = 52 = 5 6wU njy` (Y) gvGeÆj AvGQ| Š`efvGe ‰KwU gvGeÆj wbeÆvPb Kiv nGjv|
AC = (7 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 11 2 + 52 = 121 + 25 = 146 K. ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv ejGZ wK eyS? 2
2 2
BD = (7 + 4) + ( 3  2)
L. gvGeÆjwU njy` wKsev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
= 11 2 + ( 5)2
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv,
= 121 + 25 = 146
njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| 4
‰Lb, ABCD PZzfzÆGRi AB = CD = 11, AD = BC = 5,
8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD = 146
ˆhGnZz ABCD PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb ‰es KYÆ«¼q K ˆKvGbv cixÞvq hw` ‰KwU NUbv NUGj AbÅwU A^ev AbÅ NUbvàGjv

mgvb nIqvq ABCD ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) bv NUGZ cvGi ZGe DÚ NUbvàGjvGK ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv eGj|
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

cÉk
 ² 7 ‰KwU evm wmGjU ˆ^GK XvKv hvIqvi mgq evmwUi PvKv cÉwZ jvj ej 10wU, KvGjv ej 5wU, mv`v ej 4wU, njy` ej 6wU
wgwbGU 720 evi NyGi| PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ 0.25 wgUvi| ˆgvU gvGeÆj AvGQ = 10 + 5 + 4 + 6 = 25wU
K. PvKvi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 2 5 1
 gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25 = 5
L. MvwowUi N¥Ÿvq MwZGeM wbYÆq Ki| 4
6
M. wmGjU ˆ^GK XvKvi `ƒiZ½ c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê 2 ˆKvY Drc®² KiGj wmGjU  gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
ˆ^GK XvKvq ˆcuŒQvGZ DÚ evGmi KZÞY mgq jvMGe? DGÍÏLÅ ˆh, myZivs gvGeÆjwU njy` A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ 6440 km. 4
6 1 6+5
7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = + =
25 5 25
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 0.25 wgUvi
 11
= (Ans.)
25
 PvKvi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
10
= 2  3.1416  0.25 wgUvi M gvGeÆjwU jvj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25

= 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) 4
gvGeÆjwU mv`v nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, PvKvi cwiwa = 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq)

5
Avgiv Rvwb, PvKv ‰Kevi NyGi Zvi cwiwai mgvb `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg KGi| gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
 MvwowU cÉwZ wgwbGU NyGi AwZKÌg KGi = 720  1.5708 wgUvi  gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
= 1130.976 wgUvi 10 4 5
= + +
25 25 25
 MvwowUi MwZGeM = 1130.976 wgUvi/wgwbU
19
1130.976  60 =
=
1000
wK.wg./N´Ÿv 25
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,
= 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv (Ans.)
6
gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, eÅvmvaÆ, R = 6440 wK.wg.

c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  gvGeÆjwU
6
njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1 – 25 = 25
19
c

 = 2 = 2  = 0.034907 c myZivs gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv,
180
 XvKv I Lyjbvi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = PvGci Š`NÆÅ = r gvGeÆjwU njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

 ewikvj miKvwi evwjKv DœP we`Åvjq, ewikvj

2a + 3
2x + 3 ev, =k
cÉk²1 (x) = x – 1 ‰KwU dvskb ˆhLvGb x  1
 a–1
ev, 2a + 3 = ak – k
K. (a) = k nGj a ‰i gvb k ‰i gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
ev, 2a – ak = – k – 3
L.  – 1(5) wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, a(2 – k) = – (k + 3)
(x)
M. x(x – 1)
ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 a=
k+3
(Ans.)
k–2
1 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2x + 3
L awi, – 1(5) = a

K
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (x) = x – 1 ev, 5 = f(a)
2a + 3
kZÆgGZ, (a) = k ev, 5 = a – 1
 19
ev, 5a – 5 = 2a + 3 1 1
ev, 5a – 2a = 5 + 3 AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ = 1 – r
a4x – 1
= =
4x – 1
1 4x – 1 – 1
ev, 3a = 8 1–
4x – 1 4x – 1
8
ev, a = 3 1 4x – 1 1
=  = (Ans.)
8 4x – 1 4x – 2 4x – 2
 – 1(5) = (Ans.)
3 M w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB,

8 2
P
M

(x)
=
2x + 3
=
2x + 3
x(x – 1) x(x – 1)(x – 1) x(x – 1)2 ( ) x–
x2 (81) x (–xP) + (82)x (–xP) +
= x8 + 7
2
6
2

2x + 3 A B C 3 4 5
awi, x(x – 1)2 = x + x – 1 + (x – 1)2 ... ... (i) (83)x (–xP) + (84)x (–xP) + (85)x (–xP) + ...
5
2
4
2
3
2

(i) bs ˆK x(x – 1)2 «¼viv àY KGi cvB, 1 1 1

2x + 3 = A(x – 1)2 + Bx(x – 1) + Cx ... .... (ii) = x8 – 8Px5 + 28P2x2 – 56P3. + 70P4 4 – 56P5. 7 + ... (Ans.)
x x x
(ii) bs ‰ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, kZÆgGZ, 28P2 = 448
2.0 + 3 = A(0 – 1)2 + B. 0 + C. 0
ev, P2 = 16
ev, 3 = A  P =  4 (Ans.)
A=3
1 1
Avevi, (ii) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB, 3 5 6+x
2.1 + 3 = A . 0 + B. 0 + C cÉk²3
 x= y ‰es (x) = ln
6–x
C=5
a+ ab b
DfqcÞ nGZ x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB, K. – ˆK mijxKiY Ki| 2
a – b2 a–b
A+B=0
5 3
ev, 3 + B = 0 x y
2 –2

B=–3
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, () ()y
3 +
x
5 = x3 + y 5 4
A, B I C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB, M. (x) ‰i ˆWvGgb I ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 4
2x + 3 3 3 5
= – +
x(x – 1)2 x x – 1 (x – 1)2
3 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
BnvB wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk| K
 a + ab
–
b
a – b2 a–b
1 1 1
cÉk
² 2 + +
4x – 1 (4x – 1)2 (4x – 1)3
+ ... ... ‰KwU aviv ‰es a( a + b)( a – b) – b(a – b2)
=
8
P (a – b2)( a – b)
( ) ‰KwU w«¼c`x ivwk|
x– 2
x
=
a(a – b2) – b(a – b2)
K. x = 2 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 (a – b2)( a – b)
L. 'x' ‰i Dci wK kZÆ AvGivc KiGj cÉ`î avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ (a – b2) ( a – b)
=
^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 (a – b2)( a – b)
M. w«¼c`x ivwkwU 6Ó¤ c` chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z Ki ‰es wbGYÆq weÕ¦‡wZGZ x2 ‰i = 1 (Ans.)
mnM mgvb 448 nGj P ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1 1
2 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 5
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 x= y
1 1 1
K cÉ`î aviv, 4x – 1 + (4x – 1)2 + (4x – 1)3
 + ..........  x3 = y5
5 3
x y
x = 2 nGj
1 1 1
avivwU, 4.2 – 1 + (4.2 – 1)2 + (4.2 – 1)3 + ......... evgcÞ = () () y
3 +
x
5

1 1 1 1 1
x5 y3
= + 2 + 3 + .........
7 7 7
1
=
() () y5
3 +
x3
5

1 1
72 1 x5 y3
 mvaviY AbycvZ = = (Ans.)
1 7
=
() () x3
3 +
y5
5

7 1 1
1 = (x2)3 + (y– 2) 5
2 –2
(4x – 1)2 1
L
 avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 4x – 1 = x3 + y 5
4x – 1 = WvbcÞ
5 3 2 –2
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq x y
1

() ()
y
3 +
x
5 = x3 + y 5 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
A^Ævr | |
4x – 1
<1
M awi, y = (x) = n 6 + x

ev, |4x – 1| > 1 6x
ev, – 1 > 4x – 1 > 1 ˆhGnZz jMvwi`g dvskb ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ nq|
ev, – 1 + 1 > 4x > 1 + 1
 6 + x > 0 hw` (i) 6 + x > 0 ‰es 6  x > 0 nq
ev, 0 > 4x > 2 6x
0>x>
1 A^ev (ii) 6 + x < 0 ‰es 6  x < 0 nq|
2
1 (i) bs nGZ cvB, x >  6 ‰es x >  6
 wbGYÆq kZÆ x < 0 A^ev x > 2 (Ans.) ev, x >  6 ‰es x < 6
 ˆWvGgb = {x : – 6 < x} ‰es (x : x < 6}
20
= (6, )  ( , 6) = ( 6, 6) gGb Kwi, PQRS mvgv¯¦wiGKi PR I QS KYÆÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ
(ii)bs nGZ cvB, x <  6 ‰es x <  6 ˆQ` KGi|
ev, x <  6 ‰es x > 6 
gGb Kwi, PO = p ,
  
QO = q , OR = r , OS = s
 ˆWvGgb = {x : x < 6}  (x : x > 6} =    

 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
PO = OR ‰es QO = OS
D = (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM = (6, 6)   = (6, 6)
cÉgvY:
awi, y = (x) = n 6 + x      
6x PO + OS = PS ‰es QO + OR = QR
6+x ˆhGnZz mvgv¯¦wiGKi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj|
ev, ey =
6x
 
ev, 6 + x = 6ey  xey  PS = QR
   
ev, x(1 + ey) = 6(ey  1) A^Ævr, PO + OS = QO + OR
ev, x= y
6(ey  1) ev, p+ s =q + r
e +1   
y‰i mKj evÕ¦e gvGbi RbÅ x ‰i gvb evÕ¦e nq| p r =qs
  

 cÉ`î dvsGkGbi ˆié R = Ñ ‰LvGb, p I r ‰i aviK PR

Ans. ˆWvGgb D = (–6, 6) ‰es ˆié R = Ñ  p  r ‰i aviK PR
 
cÉk
 ² 4 PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK hvi KYÆ `ywU O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| Avevi, q I s ‰i aviK QS

K. wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê I jÁ¼we±`y ejGZ wK eySvq? 2
 q  s ‰i aviK QS
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) 4  
™ ™ ™ ™
M. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = OR ‰es QO = OS 4 p r I q  s `yBwU mgvb mgvb A÷bÅ ˆfÙi nGj ZvG`i aviK
  
4 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| wK¯§ PR I QS `yBwU ciÕ·iGQ`x
K cwiGK±`Ê: wòfzGRi ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi jÁ¼mgw«¼LíK ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ`
 Amgv¯¦ivj mijGiLv| myZivs p  r I q  s GfÙi«¼q AkƒbÅ nGZ
KGi ZvGK wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê eGj| cvGi bv weavq ‰G`i gvb kƒbÅ nGe|
jÁ¼we±`y: wòfzGRi kxlÆwe±`yàGjv nGZ wecixZ evüi Dci AwâZ  p  r = 0

jÁ¼àGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi ˆmB we±`yGK jÁ¼ we±`y eGj|  
ev, p = r ev, PO = OR
L
 PSQ ‰i PO gaÅgv SQ evüGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ
 
nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2)  |PO| = |OR|
P  
P ‰es q  s = 0 ev, q = s ev, QO = OS
 
 |QO| = |OS|
ˆm.wg.

 PO = RO ‰es QO = SO (cÉgvwYZ)
4

60 S
Q  M O S M Q O cÉk²5 P(a, 2a), Q(a2, 3a), R(2a – 2, a), S(1, 1) ‰KwU PzZfÆyGRi

wPò-(1) wPò-(2) kxlÆwe±`y mgƒn|
Aâb: SQ evüi Ici (wPò 1bs) ‰es SQ evüi ewaÆZvsGki Ici K. A(4, 5) I B(7, 8) we±`y «¼viv msGhvMKvix ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
(wPò-2bs) PM jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi| L. PQ I RS ˆiLv mgv¯¦ivj nGj a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉgvY: PSO ‰i POS Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es SO ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki Dci M. S we±`yi Õ©vbvâ hw` (4, – 2) nq| ZGe a ‰i gvb ewmGq QPRS
PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM [Dfq wPGò] PZzfÆyRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| hLb we±`yàGjv Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,
w`GK AvewZÆZ| 4
5 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
Avgiv cvB, PS2 = PO2 + SO2 + 2SO.OM ...... (i)
Avevi, PQO ‰i POQ mƒßGKvY ‰es OQ ˆiLvi (wPò-1bs) K A(4, 5) I B(7, 8) we±`yMvgx mijGiLivi mgxKiY,

y–8 x–7 y–8 x–7
‰es OQ ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki (wPò-2bs) Dci PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ =
8–5 7–4
ev, 3 = 3
AwfGÞc OM. ev, x – 7 = y – 8  x – y + 1 = 0 (Ans.)
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi cvB,
L P(a, 2a) I Q(a2, 3a) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj,

PQ2 = PO2 + QO2  2QO.OM...........(ii) 3a – 2a a 1
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, m1 = = =
a2 – a a(a – 1) a – 1
PS2 + PQ2 = 2PO2 + SO2 + QO2 + 2SO.OM  2QO.OM Avevi, R(2a – 2, a) I S(1, 1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj,
= 2PO2 + QO2 + QO2 + 2QO.OM  2QO.OM [‹ SO=QO] 1–a 1–a 1–a
= 2(PO2 + QO2) m2 = = =
1 – (2a – 2) 1 – 2a + 2 3 – 2a
 PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) (cÉgvwYZ) kZÆgGZ, m1 = m2
1 1–a
M
 P
S
ev, a – 1 = 3 – 2a
ev, 3 – 2a = a – 1 – a2 + a
O ev, 3 – 2a – 2a + 1 + a2 = 0
O ev, a2 – 4a + 4 = 0
ev, (a – 2)2 = 0  a = 2 (Ans.)
Q R
 21
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, S = (4, 2) ‰es ‘L’ nGZ cvB, a = 2
 4 5
–
16 – 5
A
P(a, 2a) = P(2, 2.2) = P(2, 4) cotA – cotB 3 12 12
 = =
Q(a2, 3a) = Q(22, 3.2) = Q(4, 6) 1 – cotAcotB 4 5 5
R(2a – 2 , a) = R(2. 2 – 2, 2) = R(2, 2) 1– . 1–
3 12 9 13
1 4 2 2 4 4
 QPRS PZzfÆyRwUi ˆÞòdj = 6 4 2 – 2 6
2 | | 11
12
11
12 11 9 33
12

1 = = =  = (Ans.)
= (16 + 4 – 4 + 24 – 12 – 8 – 8 + 8) 9 – 5 4 12 4 16
2 9 9 B C
5
1
=  20 = 10 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
2 1 
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan = –
 ; <  < 2
cÉk
 ² 6 ABC ‰i cwiGK±`Ê P, jÁ¼we±`y Q ‰es AD ‰KwU gaÅgv| PQ, 3 2
AD gaÅgvGK 'O' we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ABC ‰i cwie†Gîi eÅvm 4 ˆm. wg.| ev, tan = – tan 6
K. eYÆbvbyhvqx wPò Aâb KGi wPwn×Z Ki| 2
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, O, P, Q ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4  
M. cwie†Gîi eÅvmGK AÞ aGi NyivGj ˆh NbeÕ§ ŠZwi nq Zv ‰KwU
ev, tan = tan( ) (
–
6
, tan 2 –
6 )
NbKvK‡wZi evGÝ wVKfvGe ‰uGU ˆMGj evGÝi AbwaK‡Z AsGki ev, tan = tan
5
, tan
11
6 6
AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4
6 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 5 11 

K +
 L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.2 ‰i Dccv`Å-3.10 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-72
 = ,
6 6 [ ‹
2 ]
<  < 2 (Ans.)

4 cÉk²8 `kg ˆkÉwYi 80 Rb wkÞv^Æxi 1 gvGm AbycwÕ©Z w`Gbi msLÅv


M Drc®² NbeÕ§wU ‰KwU ˆMvjK| hvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 = 2 ˆm. wg.

wbGÁ² ˆ`Iqv nGjv@
4 4
 ˆMvjKwUi AvqZb = 3 r3 Nb ‰KK = 3  3.1416  23 wkÞv^Æx msLÅv AbycwÕ©Z w`b msLÅv
= 33.51 Nb ˆm. wg. 10 0
Avevi, ˆMvjKwU evGÝi wfZi wVKfvGe ‰uGU ˆMGj evÝwUi evüi 15 3
Š`NÆÅ = 2  2 = 4 ˆm. wg. 25 5
 evÝwUi AvqZb = 43 Nb ˆm. wg. = 64 Nb ˆm. wg. 10 7
 evGÝi AbwaK‡Z AsGki AvqZb = (64 – 33.51) Nb ˆm. wg. 20 8 ‰i AwaK
= 30.49 Nb ˆm. wg. (Ans.) ‰KRb wkÞv^ÆxGK Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGj@
5 13 1 K. 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2
cÉk
² 7 secA = 4, cosec B = 12 ‰es tan = –
3 L. 7 ev Zvi AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. ‰KwU ˆKvGYi gvb lvUgƒjK c«¬wZGZ D ‰es e†îxq c«¬wZGZ Rc M. wkÞv^ÆxwUi eoGRvi 5 w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
D R
nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, 180 =  2 8 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cotA – cotB
L. ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 K ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 80 Rb

1 – cotA cotB
π 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 Rb
M.  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ˆhLvGb 2 <  < 2 4 10 1
 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv = 80 = 8 (Ans.)
7 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K lvUgƒjK I e†îxq c«¬wZGZ ‰KwU ˆKvGYi cwigvc h^vKÌGg D I Rc
 L
 7 w`b
AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 Rb
 c
w`Gbi AwaK AbycwÕ©Z wkÞ^Æxi msLÅv = 20 Rb
nGj, D = ( D
180) =R c 7
 7 ev Zvi AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv

ev, D  180 =R = (10 + 20) Rb = 30 Rb
C 30 3

D R
= (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  7 ev Zvi AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv = 80 = 8 (Ans.)
180 
5 5 M eoGRvi 5 w`b AbycwÕ©Z ‰gb wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = (25 + 15 + 10) Rb

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, secA = 4
 3 = 50 Rb
4 13
 cotA = ‰es cosecB = 12 50 5
3  eoGRvi 5 w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi mÁ¿vebv = 80 = 8 (Ans.)
5 A 4 B
 cotB =
12