AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

DœPZi MwYZ

cvUÆ ‰AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb

2 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 1: ˆmU I dvskb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  25 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1 [we: `Ë: g : Ñ  Ñ kGZÆ cÉk²wU mwVK bq|

ƒ : Ñ  Ñ ‰es g : Ñ  Ñ
2x + 2
dvskb«¼q ƒ(x) = x  1 g : Ñ { 12}  Ñ − {21} kGZÆ g(x) dvskbwU
x3
‰es g(x) = 2x + 1 «¼viv msævwqZ| msævwqZ nGe ‰es ‰K-‰K I mvweÆK nGe| ZvB ‰B kZÆ
weGePbv KGi cÉk²wUi mgvavb ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ|]
K. ƒ ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2 2x + 2
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, g dvskbwU ‰K-‰K ‰es mvweÆK dvskb| M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) = x − 1
4 
M. 3 ƒ 1(x) = x nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 awi, ƒ−1(x) = a
25 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, x = ƒ(a)
2x + 2 2a + 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) = x  1
 ev, x = a − 1
‰Lb, ƒ(x) dvskbwU msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ev, ax − x = 2a + 2
x  1  0 ev, x  1 nq| ev, ax − 2a = x + 2
 ˆWvGgb = Ñ  {1} (Ans.)
ev, a (x − 2) = x + 2
2x + 2
[we.`Ë.: ƒ : Ñ  Ñ kGZÆ, ƒ(x) = x  1 x+2
ev, a = x − 2
dvskbwU msævwqZ bq| ZvB ƒ : Ñ  {1}  Ñ  {2} x+2
2x + 2  ƒ−1(x) =
kZÆ weGePbv KGi ƒ(x) = x  1 dvskbwUi ˆWvGgb I ƒ1(x) x−2
cÉkg² GZ, 3ƒ−1(x) = x
wbYÆq Kiv nGqGQ|]
x+2
x−3 ev, 3x − 2  = x
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 g(x) =  
2x + 1
1 ev, 3x + 6 = x2 − 2x
g(x) ÑnGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 2x + 1  0 ev, x   2 nq|
ev, x2 − 5x − 6 = 0
ev, x2 − 6x + x − 6 = 0
 ˆWvg, g = Ñ { 21} ev, x(x − 6) + 1 (x − 6) = 0
g(x) ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ˆhGKvGbv a, b  ˆWvg g
ev, (x − 6) (x + 1) = 0
‰i RbÅ g(a) = g(b) nGj a = b nq|
 x = 1, 6 (Ans.)
awi, g(a) = g(b)
a3 b3 cÉk²  26 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1
ev, 2a + 1 = 2b + 1
ev, 2ab − 6b + a − 3 = 2ab − 6a + b − 3 ƒ(x) = 2x  3 ‰KwU dvskb|
ev, a + 6a = b + 6b K. ƒ(x) = 1 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, 7a = 7b  a = b L. ƒ(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki ‰es dvskbwU ‰K-‰K wKbv
AZ‰e, g(x) dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ˆ`LvI| 4
x−3
awi, y = g(x) = 2x + 1 M. ƒ (x) ‰i ˆié wbYÆq Ki|
1
4
ev, 2xy + y = x − 3 26 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, y + 3 = x  2xy K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) = 2x  3

ev, y + 3 = x(1  2y) cÉkg² GZ, ƒ(x) = 1
y+3
x=  Ñ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 1 − 2y  0 ev, 2x  3 = 1
1 − 2y
1 ev, 2x  3 = 1 [eMÆ KGi]
ev, y  2 nq|
ev, 2x = 1 + 3
 g(x) ‰i ˆié = Ñ − {21} = ˆKvGWvGgb ev, x = 2
4

 g(x) dvskbwU mvweÆK| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  x = 2 (Ans.)

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 3

L ƒ(x) msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` 2x  3  0 ev, x  2


3 Avevi, P(B) = {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, }
‰es P(C) = {{3}, {4}, {5}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}, {3, 5}, {3, 4,
nq| 5}, }
3 WvbcÞ = P(B)  P(C)
 ˆWvGgb = x  Ñ : x   (Ans.)
 2  = {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, }  {{3}, {4}, {5}, {3, 4}, {4, 5},
ƒ(x) ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ˆhGKvGbv x1, x2  ˆWvg ƒ {3, 5}, {3, 4, 5}, } = {{3}, }
‰i RbÅ ƒ(x1) = ƒ(x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq|  P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
awi, ƒ(x1) = ƒ(x2) M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

ev, 2x1  3 = 2x2  3 A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2 – (p + q)x + pq = 0; p, q  Ñ}
ev, 2x1  3 = 2x2  3 [eMÆ KGi] B = {2, 3}
ev, 2x1 = 2x2 C = {3, 4, 5}
 x1 = x2 ‰Lb, x2 – (p + q)x + pq = 0
 ƒ dvskbwU ‰K-‰K| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, x2 – px – qx + pq = 0
M awi, ƒ 1(x) = a
 ev, x(x – p) – q(x – p) = 0
ev, x = ƒ(a)  (x – p) (x – q) = 0
ev, x = 2a  3 nq, x – p = 0 A^ev, x – q = 0
ev, x2 = 2a  3 x=p x=q
ev, 2a = x2 + 3  A = {p, q}
2
x +3 Avevi, B  C = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
ev, a = 2 A  B = {p, q}  {2, 3} = {(p, 2), (p, 3), (q, 2), (q, 3)}
x2 + 3 A  C = {p, q}  {3, 4, 5}
 f1(x) = = {(p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
2
‰Lb, x = 0 ‰i RbÅ f1(x) ‰i gvb meÆwbÁ² nq| evgcÞ = A  (B  C)
02 + 3 3 = {p, q}  {2, 3, 4, 5}
 f1(x) ‰i meÆwbÁ² gvb = = = {(p, 2), (p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 2), (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
2 2
 3 WvbcÞ = (A  B)  (A  C)
 f (x) ‰i ˆié =  x  R : x   (Ans.)
1
= {(p, 2), (p, 3), (q, 2), (q, 3)}  {(p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5),
 2
(q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
weK͸: f (x) ‰i ˆié = f(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb
1
= {(p, 2), (p, 3), (p, 4), (p, 5), (q, 2) (q, 3), (q, 4), (q, 5)}
3  A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
‘L’ nGZ, f(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb = x  R : x  2 
 
 3 cÉk²  28 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
 f (x) ‰i ˆié = x  R : x   (Ans.)
1

 2 F(x) = 2 – 4x ‰KwU dvskb|

cÉk²  27 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 K. F(x) «¼viv ewYÆZ dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2  (p + q) x + pq = 0; p, q  Ñ},
L. F ‰KwU ‰K-‰K dvskb wK bv wbaÆviY Ki| 4
B = {2, 3} ‰es C = {3, 4, 5}
M. F –1(–3) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. DcGmU I cƒiK ˆmU Kx? 2 28 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = 2  4x
4 
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4 F(x)  Ñ nGe hw` ‰es ˆKej hw` 2 − 4x  0 nq|
27 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev,  4x  −2
1
K DcGmU: ‰KwU ˆmGUi cÉGZÅKwU Dcv`vb hw` Aci ‰KwU
 ev, 4x  2  x  2
ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒGni A¯¦MÆZ nq, ZGe cÉ^g ˆmUGK w«¼Zxq 1
 ˆWvGgb F = {x  Ñ : x  } (Ans.)
ˆmGUi DcGmU ejv nq| ˆhgb : A = {2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 4, 5} 2
‰i DcGmU| L F(x) = 2  4x

cƒiK ˆmU: hw` U mvweÆK ˆmU ‰es A ˆmUwU U ‰i DcGmU awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg F
nq, ZvnGj A ˆmGUi ewnfƃZ wK¯§ U ˆmGUi A¯¦MÆZ AbÅ mKj dvskbwU ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` F(x1) = F(x2) nGj
Dcv`vb wbGq MwVZ ˆmUGK A ˆmGUi cƒiK ˆmU eGj| A ‰i x1 = x2 nq|
cƒiK ˆmUGK Ac ev A «¼viv cÉKvk Kiv nq| MvwYwZKfvGe awi, F(x1) = F(x2)
Ac = U\A = {x : x  U ‰es x  A} ev, 2  4x1 = 2  4x2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {2, 3}
 ev, 2  4x1 = 2  4x2
C = {3, 4, 5} ev,  4x1 =  4x2
 B  C = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {3}  x1 = x2 [ 4 «¼viv fvM KGi]
evgcÞ = P(B  C) = {{3}, }  F(x) ‰KwU ‰K ‰K dvskb| (Ans.)
4 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
M awi, y = F(x) = 2  4x
 cÉk²  30 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
ev, y = 2  4x A = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2  4}
ev, y2 = 2  4x
B = {x  ô : x weGRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 5}
ev, 4x = 2  y2
C = {3, 5}
2  y2
ev, x = 4 K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
2y 2
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B)  P(C)  P(B  C). 4
ev, F 1(y) = 4 [ F(x) = y  x = F 1(y)]
M. S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A ‰es y = 4 – x }
2
2  x2
 F 1(x) = A¯¼qwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ eYÆbv KGi ˆWvg S ‰es ˆié
4
2  (3)2 S wbYÆq Ki| 4
 F 1(3) =
4
30 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
29
=
4 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = {x :  Ù ‰es x2  4}

7
= (Ans.) Avgiv Rvwb, cƒYÆmsLÅvi ˆmU, Ù = {... ..., 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2,
4
3, ... ...}
cÉk²  29 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
‰Lb, x = 0 nGj, x2 = 0 < 4
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x – (a + b)x + ab = 0},
2
x =  1 nGj, x2 = (1)2 = 1 < 4
B = {2,3}, C = {2,4,5}ˆhLvGb a, b  Ñ
x =  2 nGj, x2 = (2)2 = 4
K. A ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒn wbYÆq Ki| 2
x =  3 nGj, x2 = (3)2 = 9 > 4
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). 4
 A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2} (Ans.)
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  ( A  C). 4
29 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 B = {x  ô : x weGRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 5} ‰es C = {3, 5}
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x  (a + b)x + ab = 0}
2 Avgiv Rvwb,
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x  ax  bx + ab = 0}
2
Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, ......., n, .....}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x(x  a)  b(x  a) = 0}  weGRvo msLÅvi ˆmU nGe, {1, 3, 5, ..... (2n + 1), .....}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es (x  a) (x  b) = 0}  B = {1, 3}
= {x : x  Ñ ‰es x = a, b}  P(B) = {{1}, {3}, {1, 3}, }
= {a, b} ‰es P(C) = {{3}, {5}, {3, 5}, }
 A ˆmGUi Dcv`vbmgƒn a ‰es b (Ans.)
 P(B)  P(C) = {{1}, {3}, {1, 3}, }  {{3}, {5}, {3, 5}, }
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {2, 3} ‰es C = {2, 4, 5}
 = {{1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {3, 5}, } ..... (i)
 B  C = {2}
Avevi, B  C = {1, 3}  {3, 5} = {1, 3, 5}
P(B  C) = {{2}, }
 P(B  C) = {{1}, {3}, {5}, {1, 3}, {3, 5}, {1, 5},
Avevi, P(B) = {{2}, {3}, {2, 3}, }
P(C) = {{2}, {4}, {5}, {2, 4}, {4, 5},{2, 5}, {2, 4, 5}, } {1, 3, 5}, } .............. (ii)
 P(B)  P(C) = {{2}, } (i) I (ii) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
 P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) P(B)  P(C)  P(B  C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M B  C = {2, 3}  {2, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, S = {(x, y) : x  A, y  A ‰es y = 4  x2 }

‰Lb, A  (B  C) ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, A = {2, 1, 0, 1, 2}
= {a, b}  {2, 3, 4, 5}
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, 4), (b, 5)} ‰Lb, y = 4  x2
A  B = {a, b}  {2, 3} AZ‰e, x = 0 nGj, y = 4  0 = 4 = 2  (0, 2)  S
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 2), (b, 3)}
A  C = {a, b}  {2, 4, 5} x = 1 nGj, y = 4  (1)2 = 41= 3
= {(a, 2), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 4), (b, 5)}  (1, 3 )  S ‰es (1, 3 )  S
‰Lb, (A  B)  (A  C) x =  2 nGj, y = 4  (2)2 = 44 =0
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 2), (b, 3)}  {(a, 2), (a, 4),
 (2, 0)  S ‰es (2, 0)  S
(a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 4), (b, 5)}
= {(a, 2), (a, 3), (a, 4), (a, 5), (b, 2), (b, 3), (b, 4), (b, 5)}  S = {(0, 2), (2, 0), (2, 0)}
 A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)  ˆWvg S = {2, 0, 2} ‰es ˆié S = {0, 2} (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 5
cÉk²  31 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 32 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
F(x) =
1
‰KwU dvskb, K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

x–5 A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x2  9x + 20 = 0}
K. F(x) = 2 nGj, x-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 x2 – 9x + 20 = 0
L. F(x) dvskGbi ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki ‰es dvskbwU ‰K-‰K ev, x – 4x – 5x + 20 = 0
2

wKbv wbaÆviY Ki| 4 ev, x(x  4)  5(x  4) = 0

M. F (3) wbYÆq Ki|
–1
4 ev, (x – 4) (x – 5) = 0
31 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x = 4, 5}

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk KiGj, A = {4, 5} (Ans.)
1 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {5, 6}

F(x) =
x5 ‰es C = {x : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es 6  x  12}
cÉkg² GZ, F(x) = 2 6 ˆ^GK 12 ‰i gvGS ˆgŒwjK msLÅv 7 ‰es 11
1 C ‰i ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk, C = {7, 11}
ev, x  5 = 2
 BC
ev, x  5 = 2
1 B  C ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv, n = 4
 P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 2n = 24 = 16 (Ans.)
1 1 + 10 11
ev, x = 2 + 5 = 2 = 2 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = {5, 6}

x=
11
(Ans.)
‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {4, 5}
2 P(A) = {{4}, {5}, {4, 5}, }
1 P(B) = {{5}, {6}, {5, 6}, }
L
 F(x) =
x5  P(A)  P(B) = {{5}, }
‰LvGb, x  5 = 0 ev, x = 5 emvGj cÉ`î dvskbwU AmsævwqZ Avevi, A  B = {4, 5}  {5, 6} = {4, 5, 6}
nq| wK¯§, x = 5 evG` mKj evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ F(x) ‰i evÕ¦e P(A  B) = {{4}, {5}, {6}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {5, 6}, {4, 5,
gvb cvIqv hvq| 6}, }
 ˆWvg, F = Ñ  {5} (Ans.)  P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B) (cÉgvwYZ)
ˆhGKvGbv x1  ˆWvg F, x2  ˆWvg F ‰i RbÅ F(x1) = F(x2) cÉk²  33 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
nGe, hw` I ˆKej hw`, x1 = x2 nq| U
1 1 A
 =
x1  5 x2  5 B
x x+1
ev, x1  5 = x2  5 x+2
 x1 = x2 x+3
myZivs, F ‰K-‰K dvskb| (Ans.) x+4
1 x1
M
 awi, y = F(x) = x  5
1 2x + 3
ev, y = x  5 C

ev, xy  5y = 1 K. P(x) = 2x + 3x nGj, P(–2) wbYÆq Ki|

2
2
ev, xy = 1 + 5y L. x = 2 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B)  P(AB)| 4
1 + 5y M. (x) = n (C  A  B) nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, (x) ‰K-‰K
ev, x = y dvskb I –1(3) = 0. 4
ev, F (y) = y
–1 1 + 5y
[‹ y = F(x)  x = F1(y)]
33 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = 2x2 + 3x

1 + 5x
ev, F1(x) = x [y ˆK x «¼viv cÉwZÕ©vcb KGi]  P(2) = 2(2)2 + 3(2) = 2.4  6 = 8  6 = 2 (Ans.)
1 + 5.3 1 + 15 16 L
 ˆfbwPò ˆ^GK, B = {x  1, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3}
 F1(3) = = = (Ans.) x = 2 nGj, B = {1, 3, 4, 5}
3 3 3
cÉk²  32 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  P(B) = {{1}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {3,
4}, {3, 5}, {4, 5}, {1, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5},
A = {x : x  Ñ ‰es x – 9x + 20 = 0}
2
{1, 3, 4, 5}, }
B = {5, 6} ‰es C = {x : x ˆgŒwjK
msLÅv ‰es 6  x  12} ˆfbwPò ˆ^GK, A  B = {x + 2, x  1}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 x = 2 nGj, A  B = {4, 1}
L. P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv KZ wjL| 4  P(A  B) = {{4}, {1}, {4, 1}, }
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B). 4  P(B)  P(A  B) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
6 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
M ˆfbwPò nGZ, n(C  A  B) = 2x + 3
 34 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 (x) = 2x + 3 = y (awi) K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

ev, 2x = y  3 F(x) = 1 – 2x
y3 F(x) dvskbwU msævwqZ nGe hw` I ˆKej hw`,
ev, x = 2 = 1(y)
1 – 2x  0

 1(x) =
x3 ev, –2x  – 1
2 ev, 2x  1
33 0 1
1(3) = = =0  x
2 2 2
 1(3) = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  F(x) = 1  2x
1
‰i ˆWvGgb = {x  Ñ : x  2}
Avevi, awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg 
L awi, x1, x2  ˆWvg F

(x) dvskb ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` ˆhGKvGbv x1, x2
F(x) dvskbwU ‰K-‰K nGe hw` I ˆKej hw` F(x1) = F(x2)
 ˆWvg  ‰i RbÅ (x1) = (x2) nGj x1 = x2 nq| ‰i RbÅ x1 = x2 nq|
ZvnGj, (x1) = (x2) awi, F(x1) = F(x2)
 2x1 + 3 = 2x2 + 3 ev, 1 – 2x1 = 1 – 2x2
 2x1 = 2x2
ev, 1 – 2x1 = 1 – 2x2
 x1 = x2
ev, –2x1 = –2x2
 (x) ‰K-‰K dvskb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  x1 = x2
cÉk²  34 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  dvskbwU‰K-‰K|
M awi, y = F(x) = 1 – 2x

F(x) = 1 – 2x
ev, y2 = 1 – 2x [eMÆ KGi]
K. F(x) ‰i ˆWvGgb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, 2x = 1 – y2
L. dvskbwU ‰K-‰K wKbv Zv wbaÆviY Ki| 4 1 – y2
M. F–1(x) wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, x =
2
= F–1(y)
1 – y2
 F–1(y) =
2
1 – x2
 F–1(x) = 2
(Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 7

AaÅvq 2: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  43 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 x2  4x  7  A(x + 2) (x  4) + B(x + 1) (x  4)
+ C(x + 1) (x + 2) ....... (ii)
ƒ(x) = 18x3 + 15x2  x + c, g(x) = x2  4x  7 ‰es
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcÞ x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
nGjv x PjGKi wZbwU eüc`x|
h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8 (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  1 ewmGq cvB,
K. h(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 2 1 + 4  7 = A(1 + 2) (1  4)
L. ƒ(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K (3x + 2) nGj c ‰i gvb wbYÆq ev,  2 = A(5)
Ki| 4 A=
2
g(x) 5
M. h(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  2 ewmGq cvB,
43 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 4 + 8  7 = B(2 + 1) (2  4)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8
 ev, 5 = B(1) ( 6)
5
x = –1 nGj h(–1) = (– 1)3 – (– 1)2 – 10(– 1) – 8 B=
6
= – 1 – 1 + 10 – 8 (ii) bs ‰i Dfq cGÞ x = 4 ewmGq cvB,
=0
16  16  7 = C(4 + 1) (4 + 2)
AZ‰e (x + 1), h(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| ev,  7 = C(5) (6)
 h(x) = x3  x2  10x  8 7
= x3 + x2  2x2  2x  8x  8 C=
30
= x2(x + 1)  2x(x + 1)  8(x + 1) ‰Lb A, B, C ‰i gvb (i) mgxKiGY ewmGq,
= (x + 1) (x2 – 2x – 8) x2  4x  7 2 5 7
= (x + 1) (x2  4x + 2x  8) = + 
(x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) 5(x + 1) 6(x + 2) 30(x  4)
= (x + 1) {x(x  4) + 2(x  4)} ‰wUB cÉ`î f™²vsGki AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c|
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) (Ans.)
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f(x) = 18x3 + 15x2 − x + c
 cÉk²  44 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
ˆhGnZz (3x + 2), P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K, ZvB, (3x + 2) p(x) = x + x – 6x ‰es ƒ(x) = x – 9x – 6 `ywU dvskb|
3 2 2

«¼viv f(x) ˆK fvM KiGj fvMGkl kƒbÅ nGe| A^Ævr K. ƒ(x) ˆK (x + 3) «¼viv fvM KiGj ˆh fvMGkl ^vGK Zv
2 fvMGkl DccvG`Åi mvnvGhÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
f − ( )
3
=0
L. p(x) ˆK (x – a) ‰es (x – b) «¼viv fvM KiGj hw` ‰KB
2 3 2 2 2 fvMGkl ^vGK ˆhLvGb a  b, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,
( ) ( ) ( )
ev, 18 − 3 + 15 − 3 − − 3 + c = 0
a2 + ab + b2 + a + b = 6. 4
8 4 2 ƒ(x)
ev, − 18 . 27 + 15 . 9 + 3 + c = 0 M. ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
p(x)
16 20 2
ev, − 3 + 3 + 3 + c = 0 44 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

16 20 2
ev, c = 3 − 3 − 3 ƒ(x) = x2  9x  6
16 − 20 − 2 −6 ‰Lb, ƒ(x) ˆK (x + 3) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe ƒ( 3)|
ev, c = 3
ev, c = 3  ƒ( 3) = ( 3)2  9( 3)  6 = 9 + 27  6 = 30 (Ans.)
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

 c = − 2 (Ans.)
p(x) = x3 + x2  6x
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, g(x) = x2 – 4x – 7

p(x) ˆK (x  a) I (x  b) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe
“K” ˆ^GK cvB, h^vKÌGg p(a) I p(b)|
h(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4)
cÉkv² bymvGi, p(a) = p(b)
g(x) x2  4x  7
 =
h(x) (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) ev, a3 + a2  6a = b3 + b2  6b
x2  4x  7 A B C ev, a3  b3 + a2  b2  6(a  b) = 0
gGb Kwi, (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4)  x + 1 + x + 2 + x  4 ev, (a  b)(a2 + ab + b2) + (a + b)(a  b)  6(a  b) = 0
... ... (i) ev, (a  b) (a2 + ab + b2 + a + b  6) = 0
(i)bs ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 1) (x + 2) (x  4) «¼viv àY KGi ev, a2 + ab + b2 + a + b  6 = 0 [ˆhGnZz a  b ˆmGnZz a  b  0]
cvB,  a2 + ab + b2 + a + b = 6 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
8 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
ƒ(x) x2  9x  6 x2 – 9x – 6 x2 – 9x – 6 16x A B
M p(x) = x3 + x2  6x = x(x2 + x – 6) = x(x2 + 3x – 2x – 6)
 awi, (x + 4)(x  4)  x + 4 + x  4 ............. (i)
ƒ(x) x2  9x  6 (i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 4)(x  4) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
 =
p(x) x(x  2)(x + 3) 16x  A(x  4) + B(x + 4) ................. (ii)
x2  9x  6 A B C hv x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
awi,  + +
x(x  2)(x + 3) x x  2 x + 3
.............. (i)
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  4 ewmGq cvB,
(i) bs ‰i DfqcÞGK x(x  2)(x + 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
16  ( 4) = A( 4  4) + B( 4 + 4)
x2  9x  6  A(x  2)(x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x  2)
....... (ii) ev,  64 =  8A
hv x-‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ| A=8
‰Lb, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, Avevi, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 4 ewmGq cvB,
0  0  6 = A(0  2)(0 + 3) + 0 + 0 16  4 = A(4  4) + B(4 + 4)
ev,  6 =  6A ev, 64 = 8B
A=1 B=8
Avevi, (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x = 2 ewmGq cvB, A I B ‰i gvb (i) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB,
22  9.2  6 = 0 + B.2(2 + 3) + 0 16x 8 8 1 1
= + = 8 
ev,  20 = 10B (x + 4)(x  4) x + 4 x  4 x + 4 + x  4
1 1
B=2  Q(x) = x + 8 
(ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ x =  3 ewmGq cvB,
x + 4 + x  4
( 3)2  9( 3)  6 = 0 + 0 + C( 3)( 3 – 2) hv cÉ`î f™²vskwUi AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c|
ev, 30 = 15C cÉk²  46 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
C=2
x, y, z ‰i
‰KwU eüc`x nGjv, F(x,y,z) = x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
A, B, C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
x2  9x  6 1 2 2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, F(x, y, z) ‰KwU PKÌKÌwgK ivwk| 2
=  + L. F(x, y, z) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki ‰es hw` F(x, y, z)
x(x  2)(x + 3) x x  2 x + 3
hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| = 0, x + y + z ≠ 0 nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, x2 + y2 + z2 =

cÉk²  45 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 xy + yz + zx. 4

M. hw` x = b + c – a, y = c + a – b I z = a + b – c nq,
g(x) = px + qx + rx + s eüc`xi
3 2
mnMàGjv cƒYÆmsLÅv
ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, F(a, b, c) t F(x, y, z) = 1 t 4. 4
p  0, s  0 ‰es x – 1 eüc`xwUi ‰KwU Drcv`K| Aci ‰KwU
x3
46 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ivwk Q(x) = x2 – 16 .
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz

K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p + q + r + s = 0. 2 ‰Lb, F(y, z, x) = y3 + z3 + x3  3yzx = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz
L. hw` p = 1, q = 5, r = 6, s = 8 nq ‰es g(x) ˆK x – k I = F(x, y, z)
x –  «¼viv fvM KwiGj ‰KB AewkÓ¡ ^vGK, ˆhLvGb k   Avevi, F(z, x, y) = z3 + x3 + y3  3zxy = x3 + y3 + z3 
ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, k2 + 2 + k + 5k + 5 + 6 = 0. 4 3xyz
M. Q(x)-ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 = F(x, y, z)
 F(x, y, z) = F(y, z, x) = F(z, x, y)
45 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AZ‰e, F(x, y, z) ‰KwU PKÌKÌwgK ivwk| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

3 2
g(x) = px + qx + rx + s L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

(x  1), g(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K| F(x, y, z) = x3 + y3 + z3  3xyz
A^Ævr, g(1) = 0 = (x + y)3  3xy (x + y) + z3  3xyz
ev, p(1)3 + q(1)2 + r.1 + s = 0 = (x + y)3 + z3  3xy(x + y)  3xyz
 p + q + r + s = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = (x + y + z)3  3(x + y) z (x + y + z)  3xy(x + y + z)
= (x + y + z) {(x + y + z)2  3z(x + y)  3xy}
L ‰LvGb, g(x) = px3 + qx2 + rx + s

= (x + y + z) {(x + y)2 + 2(x + y)z + z2  3z(x + y)  3xy}
‰es p = 1, q = 5, r = 6, s = 8 = (x + y + z) {x2 + 2xy + y2 + z2  z(x + y)  3xy}
 g(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) (Ans.)
AZtci cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-2 ‰i D`vniY-9 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-44 cÉkg² GZ, F(x, y, z) = 0
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
  (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx) = 0
x3 x(x2  16) + 16x 16x
Q(x) = 2 = =x+ 2 ˆhGnZz, x + y + z  0
x  16 x2  16 x  16
16x myZivs x2 + y2 + z2  xy  yz  zx = 0
=x+
(x + 4)(x  4)  x2 + y2 + z2 = xy + yz + zx (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 9
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 x = 1 nGj, P(1) = 10.(1)3  (1)2 + 15.(1) + 9  0
x=b+ca 1
(1) (1)  (12) + 15.(12) + 9  0
3 2
x=
2
nGj, P 2 = 10. 2
y=c+ab
‰es z = a + b  c 1 1 1 1 1
3 2
x =  nGj, P( ) = 10( )    + 15.  + 9
‘L’ nGZ cvB, 2 2 2 2 2
F (x, y, z) =0
= (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)
1
= (x + y + z) (2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 – 2xy – 2yz – 2zx)

 x 
 (12) ev, (x + 12) , P(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|
2 ‰Lb,
1 P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9
= (x + y + z) {(x  y)2 + (y  z)2 + (z  x)2}
2
= 10x3 + 5x2  6x2  3x + 18x + 9
1
= (b + c  a + c + a  b + a + b  c) {(b + c  a  c  a 1 1 1
2
+b)2 + (c + a  b  a  b + c)2 + ( a + b  c  b  c
( ) ( ) ( )
= 10x2 x +
2
 6x x +
2
+ 18 x +
2
1
+ a)2} [x, y , z ‰i gvb ewmGq] = (x + ) (10x  6x + 18)
2
2
1
= (a + b + c) {(2b  2a)2 + (2c  2b)2 + (2a  2c)2} 1
2 = 2(x + ) (5x  3x + 9)
2
2
1
= (a + b + c) {4(a  b)2 + 4(b  c)2 + 4 (c  a)2} = (2x + 1) (5x2  3x + 9) (Ans.)
2
1
= 4. (a + b + c) {(a  b)2 + (b  c)2 + (c  a)2}
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x

2
Q(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGi cvB,
1
= 4(a3 + b3 + c3  3abc) [ (a + b + c) {(a  b)2  Q(x) = x3 + x2  6x = x(x2 + x  6) = x(x2 + 3x  2x  6)
2
= x{x(x + 3)  2(x + 3)} = x(x + 3) (x  2)
+ (b  c)2 + (c  a)2} = a3 + b3 + c3  3abc]
x2 + x – 1
= 4. F(a, b, c). cÉ`î ivwk = x3 + x2 – 6x
ev, F (x, y, z) = 4 F(a, b, c) x2 + x –1
F (x, y, z) =
x (x –2) (x + 3)
[x3 + x 2 – 6x = x(x – 2) (x + 3)]
ev, F (a, b, c) = 4
x2 + x – 1 A B C
F (a, b, c) 1 awi, x (x –2) (x + 3)  x + x –2 + x + 3 ....... (i)
ev, F (x, y, z) = 4 [wecixZKiY KGi]
DfqcÞGK x(x – 2) (x + 3) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
 F (a, b, c) t F (x, y, z) = 1 t 4 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) x2 + x –1  A(x –2) (x + 3) + Bx(x + 3) + Cx(x – 2) .... (ii)
cÉk²  47 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 (ii) bs ‰ x = 0 ewmGq cvB,
1
P(x) = – x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9 ‰es Q(x) = x3 + x2 – 6x. –1 = A. (–2).3 ev, – 6A = –1  A = 6
K. P(x) ˆK x PjGKi Av`kÆi…Gc wjGL ‰i gyLÅmnM wbYÆq (ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmGq cvB,
Ki| 2 22 + 2 –1 = A (2 –2) (2 + 3) + B. 2. (2 + 3) + C. 2 (2–2)
L. P(x) ˆK Drcv`GK weGkÏlY Ki| 4 ev, 4 + 2 –1 = B. 2. 5
2
M. x + x – 1 ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 ev, 10B = 5
Q(x)
1
38 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  B=
2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x2 + 15x + 10x3 + 9
 (ii) bs ‰ x = – 3 ewmGq cvB,
x PjGKi Av`kÆi…Gc wjGL cvB, (–3)2 + (–3) –1 = A (–3 –2) (–3+ 3) + B. (–3) (–3+ 3)
P(x) = 10x3  x2 + 15x + 9 + C(–3) (–3–2)
‰LvGb, eüc`xi gvòv = 3 ev, 9 –3 –1 = C. (–3) (–5).
 gƒLÅ
mnM = 10 (Ans.) ev, 15C = 5
1
L ‰LvGb, P(x) ‰i aË‚ec` 9 ‰i Drcv`KmgƒGni ˆmU,
  C=
3
F1 = {1, 1, 3, 3, 9, 9}
A, B I C ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
P(x) ‰i gƒLÅ mnM 10 ‰i Drcv`K mgƒGni ˆmU, 1 1 1
F2 = {1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 5, 10, 10} x2 + x –1 6 2 3 1 1
r = + + = +
‰Lb, P(x) weGePbv Kwi, ˆhLvGb, x = s ‰es r  F1, s  F2 x (x –2) (x + 3) x x  2 x + 3 6x 2 (x –2)
1
+
ZvnGj, 3 (x + 3)
x = 1 nGj, P(1) = 10.(1)3  (1)2 + 15.1 + 9  0 hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c|
10 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  48 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 (i)bs mgxKiGYi DfqcGÞ (y – 3) (y + 1) «¼viv àY KGi
3
y – 2y + 1 2 cvB-
(y) =
y2 – 2y – 3 3y + 1  A(y + 1) + B(y – 3) ...........(ii)
K. – 1  wbYÆq Ki| 2 mgxKiY (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ y = –1 ewmGq cvB,
 3 3(–1) + 1 = A(–1 + 1) + B(–1 –3)
L. (y) = 0 nGj, y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, –3 + 1 = A.0 – 4B
M. (y) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 ev, –2 = –4B
48 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 2 1
B= =
3 2 4 2
y – 2y + 1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (y) = y2 – 2y – 3
 Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) bs ‰i DfqcGÞ y = 3 ewmGq cvB,
1 1
3 2 3.3 + 1 = A(3 + 1) + B(3 – 3)
1 (– ) – 2(– ) + 1
3 3 ev, 9 + 1 = 4.A + B.0 ev, 10 = 4A
 –
3 ( ) = –1 – 2 –1 – 3
2 10 5
( 3) ( 3) A= =
4 2
1 1 –1 – 6 + 27 A I B ‰i gvb mgxKiY (i)bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
– – 2. + 1 5 1
27 9 27 20 9 1
= = =  =– 3y + 1 2 2
1 2 1 + 6 – 27 27 (–20) 3
+ –3 = +
9 3 9 (y – 3) (y + 1) y – 3 y + 1
5 1
 (–31) = – 31 (Ans.)  wbGYÆq AvswkK
y3 – 2y2 + 1 2 2
f™²vsk: y2 – 2y – 3 = y + y – 3 + y + 1
L hw`, (y) = 0 nq,
 5 1
y3 – 2y2 + 1 = y+ +
2(y – 3) 2(y + 1)
 =0
y2 – 2y – 3
cÉk²  49 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0
x+3
awi, g(y) = y3 – 2y2 + 1 (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8 ‰es P(x) =
3 2 x2 + 8x + 15
 g(1) = (1) – 2(1) + 1 = 1 – 2 + 1 = 0
 (y – 1), g(y) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K|
K. (–2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, y3 – 2y2 + 1 = 0 L.P(x) ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
ev, y3 – y2 – y2 + y  y + 1 = 0 M. hw` (a) ˆK (a – x) ‰es (a – y) «¼viv fvM KiGj
ev, y2(y – 1) – y(y – 1) – 1(y – 1) = 0 ‰KB fvMGkl ^vGK ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0, ˆhLvGb x  y| 4
ev, (y – 1) (y2  y  1) = 0
49 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
nq, y – 1 = 0 A^ev, y2 – y – 1 = 0
y=1 ‰LvGb, mgxKiYwUGK K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (a) = a3 + 5a2 + 6a + 8

 (2) = (2)3 + 5(2)2 + 6(2) + 8
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ‰i mvG^
= 8 + 20  12 + 8 = 8 (Ans.)
Zzjbv KGi cvB, x+3 x+3
a = 1, b = –1, c = 1 L
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P(x) = x2 + 8x + 15 = x2 + 5x + 3x + 15
–b  b2 – 4ac x+3 1
y= = =
2a (x + 5) (x + 3) x + 5

=
–(–1)  (–1)2 – 4.1(–1) hv wbGYÆq AvswkK f™²vsk|
2.1 M fvMGkl Dccv`Å AbymvGi,

1 5 (a) ˆK (a  x) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe
y=
2
(x) = x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8
1+ 5 1– 5
y ‰i gvbàGjv 1, 2 , 2 (Ans.) ‰es (a) ˆK (a  y) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe
(y) = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8
y3 – 2y2 + 1
M ivwkwU : y2 – 2y – 3
 kZÆvbymvGi, (x) = (y)
y3 – 2y2 + 1
y(y2 – 2y – 3) + 3y + 1 ev, x3 + 5x2 + 6x + 8 = y3 + 5y2 + 6y + 8
‰Lb, y2 – 2y – 3 = y2 – 2y – 3 ev, x3  y3 + 5(x2  y2) + 6(x  y) = 0
=y+
3y + 1 ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2) + 5(x + y) (x  y) + 6(x y) = 0
(y – 3)(y + 1) ev, (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2 + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0
3y + 1

(y – 3)(y + 1)
‰KwU cÉK‡Z f™²vsk| ev, (x  y) (x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6) = 0
3y + 1 A B wK¯§, x  y  0
awi, (y – 3)(y + 1)  y – 3 + y + 1 ..............(i)  x2 + y2 + xy + 5x + 5y + 6 = 0 [ˆhLvGb x  y] (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 11
cÉk²  50 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) = 0

F(x) = x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 ‰KwU

eüc`x| nq, x + 1 = 0 A^ev x + 2 = 0 A^ev, x2 + 2 = 0
 x = 1  x = 2,  x2 = 2 (MÉnYGhvMÅ bq)
K. F(x) ˆK (2x + 1) «¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl KZ nGe Zv
wbYÆq Ki| 2 myZivs x = 1, 2 (Ans.)
x x
L. F(x) = 0 nGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 
M F(x) = (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) [F(x) ‰i gvb ewmGq]
M. x ˆK AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4 x A B Cx + D
F(x) awi, (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2)  x + 1 + x + 2 + x2 + 2 ... (i)
50 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(i) ‰i DfqcÞGK (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) «¼viv àY KGi cvB,
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = x + 3x + 4x + 6x + 4
 4 3 2
x  A(x + 2) (x2 + 2) + B(x + 1) (x2 + 2)
1 1
F(x) ˆK (2x + 1) = 2 x + 2 = 2x  2 
( ) ( ) + (Cx + D) (x + 1) (x + 2) ........ (ii)
  hv x ‰i mKj gvGbi RbÅ mZÅ|
( 1)
«¼viv fvM KiGj fvMGkl nGe F 2 ‰Lb, (ii) bs ‰ x = 1 ewmGq cvB,
1 = A{(1) + 2} {(1)2 + 2}|
1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2
 F( ) = ( ) + 3 ( ) + 4 ( ) + 6 ( ) + 4 ev, 1 = A(1.3) ev, 1 = 3A
2 2 2 2 2
1 3 4 6 1 3 1
=  +  +4=  +13+4 A=
16 8 4 2 16 8 3
1  6 + 16  48 + 64 27 Avevi, (ii) bs ‰ x = 2 ewmˆq cvB,
= = (Ans.)
16 16 2 = B{(2) + 1} {(2)2 + 2}
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = x + 3x + 4x + 6x + 4
 4 3 2
ev, 2 = B(1)  6
F(x) ‰i gyLÅ mnM 1 ‰es aË‚ec` 4 ev, 2 = 6B
F(x) ‰i aË‚ec` 4 ‰i Drcv`KmgƒGni ˆmU 1
B=
= {1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4} 3
‰LvGb, F(1) = (1)4 + 3.(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4 Avevi, (ii) bs ˆ^GK x3 I x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
=13+46+4=0 A+B+C=0
 {x  (1)}, A^Ævr (x + 1), F(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K ev,
1 1
 + +C=0
3 3
Avevi, F(1) = (1)4 + 3(1)3 + 4(1)2 + 6(1) + 4
C=0
= 18  0
F(2) = (2)4 + 3(2)3 + 4(2)2 + 6(2) + 4 ‰es 2A + B + 3C + D = 0
= 16  24 + 16  12 + 4 = 0 1 1
ev, 2 3  + 3 + 3.0 + D = 0
 {x  (2)}, A^Ævr (x + 2), F(x) ‰i ‰KwU Drcv`K
2 1 1
‰Lb, x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 ev, 3 + 3 + D = 0  D = 3
4 3 3 2 2
= x + x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 4x + 4
= x3(x + 1) + 2x2(x + 1) + 2x(x + 1) + 4(x + 1) (i) bs ‰ A, B, C, D ‰i gvb ewmGq cvB,
= (x + 1) (x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 4) x 1 1 1
= + +
= (x + 1) {x2(x + 2) + 2(x + 2)} (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) 3(x + 1) 3(x + 2) 3(x2 + 2)
= (x + 1) (x + 2) (x2 + 2) 1
= 
1
+
1
+
1

Avevi, ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, F(x) = 0 3  x + 1 x + 2 x2 + 2 

ev, x4 + 3x3 + 4x2 + 6x + 4 = 0 hv AvswkK f™²vsGk cÉKvwkZ i…c| (Ans.)

12 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 3: RÅvwgwZ
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  51 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2019  cÉk² bs 5 PO
myZivs OL = TL
PS

PQR ‰i Q ‰es R we±`y nGZ PR I PQ ‰i Dci jÁ¼ QM I RN PO 2TL 2

‰i ˆQ`we±`y S| cwiGK±`Ê T I S ‰i msGhvMKvix ˆiLv PL ev OL = TL = 1
gaÅgvGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ev, PO : OL = 2 : 1
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, A(1, 2), B(4, 3) ‰es C(7, 4) we±`y wZbwU A^Ævr O we±`y PL gaÅgvGK 2 : 1 AbycvGZ A¯¦weÆfÚ KGi|
mgGiL| 2  O we±`ywU PQR ‰i fiGK±`Ê (cÉgvwYZ)
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wòfzRwUi fiGK±`Ê O. M
4  P
M. PL  QR nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
QS.SM = RS.SN = PS.SL. 4
51 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb N M
S
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(1, 2), B(4, 3) ‰es C(7, 4) wZbwU we±`y

2–3 1 1
‰Lb, AB ˆiLvi Xvj = 1 – 4 = – 3 = 3 Q L R
3–4 –1 1
‰es BC ˆiLvi Xvj = 4 – 7 = – 3 = 3 weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR-‰i kxlÆòq ˆ^GK wecixZ
ˆhGnZz AB I BC ˆiLvi Xvj mgvb evüòGqi Ici jÁ¼ PL, QM I RN ciÕ·i S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
myZivs A, B I C we±`y wZbwU mgGiL (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PS. SL = QS.SM = RS.SN.
L
 cÉgvY: QSN I RSM-‰
P
SNQ = SMR = 90 [ RN  PQ, QM  PR]
N ‰es QSN = RSM [wecÉZxc ˆKvY eGj ]
‰es AewkÓ¡ NQS = AewkÓ¡ MRS
S M
T O A^Ævr, wòfzR `yBwU m`†kGKvYx|  wòfzR«¼q m`†k|
QS SN
 =  QS. SM = RS. SN. ............... (i)
Q R RS SM
L D
Avevi, QSL I  PSM-‰
SLQ = SMP = 90 [ PL  QR, QM  PR]
‰es QSL = PSM. [wecÉZxc ˆKvY ]
gGb Kwi, PQR ‰i Q ‰es R we±`y nGZ PR I PQ ‰i Dci ‰es AewkÓ¡ SPM = AewkÓ¡ SQL
jÁ¼ QM I RN ‰i ˆQ`we±`y S|  wòfzR `yBwU m`†kGKvYx|  wòfzR«¼q m`†k|
cwiGK±`Ê T I S ‰i msGhvM ˆiLv PL gaÅgvGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` 
QS SL
=  PS.SL = QS. SM ... ... ... ... (ii)
PS SM
KGi| TL ˆhvM KiGj TL ˆiLv QR ‰i Dci jÁ¼|
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) nGZ cvB,
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, O we±`ywU PQR ‰i fiGK±`Ê|
 PS.SL = QS.SM = RS. SN (cÉgvwYZ)
Aâb: QR evüi Dci S we±`yMvgx PD jÁ¼ AuvwK|
cÉgvY: PQR ‰i jÁ¼we±`y S ˆ^GK P kxGlÆi `ƒiZ½ PS ‰es cÉk²  52 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6
cwiGK±`Ê T ˆ^GK P kxGlÆi wecixZ evü QR ‰i `ƒiZ½ TL
A
 PS = 2TL ABC ‰i S cwiGK±`Ê, O jÁ¼we±`y
‰Lb, ˆhGnZz PD I TL DfqB QR ‰i Dci jÁ¼| ‰es G fiGK±`Ê, AP gaÅgv|
ˆmGnZz PD || TL ‰es PL ZvG`i ˆQ`K| O
S G
 LPD = PLT [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY]
B P D C
‰Lb, PSO I TLO ‰i gGaÅ
POS = TOL [wecÉZxc ˆKvY] K. bewe±`y e†î KvGK eGj? 2
SPO = TLO [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AG t GP = 2 t 1. 4
‰es AewkÓ¡ PSO = LTO M. AP-ˆK F chƯ¦ ewaÆZ KiGj hw` Zv e†îGK F we±`yGZ ˆQ`
 PSO I TLO m`†kGKvYx, ZvB m`†k| KGi ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AF . BC = AB. CF + AC. BF. 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 13
52 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  ABE I ACF m`†kGKvYx|  CF = AF
BE AB
K bewe±`ye†î: ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`yòq,

A^Ævr, AF.BE = AB.CF ... ... ... (i)
kxlÆwe±`yàGjv ˆ^GK wecixZ evüòGqi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼òGqi
Avevi, ABF I AEC ‰i gGaÅ,
cv`we±`yòq ‰es kxlÆwe±`y I jÁ¼we±`yi msGhvRK ˆiLvòGqi
BAF = CAE [Aâb AbymvGi]
gaÅwe±`yòq, meÆGgvU ‰B bqwU we±`y ‰KB e†Gîi Dci
AFB = ACE [‰KB PvGci Dci e†îÕ© ˆKvY mgvb eGj]
AeÕ©vb KGi| ‰B e†îGKB bewe±`ye†î eGj| bewe±`y e†Gîi
‰es AewkÓ¡ ABF = AewkÓ¡ AEC
eÅvmvaÆ wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvGaÆi AGaÆK| AF BF
L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC
  ABF I AEC m`†kGKvYx|  AC = CE
A
‰i jÁ¼we±`y O, cwiGK±`Ê S ‰es A^Ævr, AF.CE = AC.BF ... ... ... (ii)
AP ‰KwU gaÅgv| jÁ¼we±`y O ‰es (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
cwiGK±`Ê S ‰i msGhvM ˆiLv AP O AF.BE + AF.CE = AB.CF + AC.BF
S G
gaÅgvGK G we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ev, AF(BE + CE) = AB.CF + AC.BF
B C  AF.BC = AB.CF + AC.BF [‹ BE + CE = BC]
S, P ˆhvM KiGj SP ˆiLv BC ‰i P D

Dci jÁ¼| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, (cÉgvwYZ)

AG t GP = 2 t 1| cÉk²  53 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4
cÉgvY: ABC ‰i jÁ¼we±`y O ˆ^GK A kxGlÆi `ƒiZ½ OA ‰es L
cwiGK±`Ê S ˆ^GK A kxGlÆi wecixZ evü BC ‰i `ƒiZ½ SP|
 OA = 2SP ... .. (i)
‰Lb ˆhGnZz AD I SP DfqB BC ‰i Dci jÁ¼ ˆmGnZz AD ||
SP|‰Lb AD || SP ‰es AP ‰G`i ˆQ`K| myZivs ‰Kv¯¦i G E
S
ˆKvY nIqvq PAD = APS, A^Ævr, OAG = SPG| O
‰Lb AGO ‰es PGS ‰i gGaÅ
M P D N
AGO = PGS [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]
OAG = SPG [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] DcGii wPGò S, O h^vKÌGg LMN ‰i cwiGK±`Ê I jÁ¼we±`y, G
 AewkÓ¡ AOG = AewkÓ¡ PSG fiGK±`Ê, LP gaÅgv, MN = a, LN = b, LM = c
 AGO ‰es PGS m`†kGKvYx| K. OL = 9 ˆm.wg. nGj SP ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
AG OA AG 2SP L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, S, G, O ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4
myZivs, GP = SP A^Ævr, GP = SP [(i)bs mgxKiY nGZ]
AG 2
M. N mƒßGKvY nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a.ND = b.NE 4
AZ‰e GP = 1 ev, AG t GP = 2 t 1 (cÉgvwYZ) 53 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A
M
 K
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, OL = 9 ˆm.wg.
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb wòfzGRi jÁ¼we±`y ˆ^GK kxGlÆi `ƒiZ½
wòfzGRi cwiGK±`Ê ˆ^GK H kxGlÆi wecixZ evüi jÁ¼ `ƒiGZ½i
O
w«¼àY|
C
B P E  OL = 2SP
9
ev, 9 = 2SP ev, SP = 2  SP = 4.5 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
F
L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.2 ‰i Dccv`Å-10 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-74

weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, AP ˆK F chƯ¦ ewaÆZ Kivq A, B, F,
M Avgiv Rvwb, ˆhGKvGbv wòfzGR
 L
C we±`y «¼viv Drc®² ABFC e†îÕ© PZzfzÆGRi wecixZ evüàGjv
mƒÞÄGKvGYi wecixZ evüi Dci
h^vKÌGg AB I CF ‰es AC I BF| AF I BC PZzfzÆRwUi AwâZ eMÆGÞò Aci `yB evüi
`ywU KYÆ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AF.BC = AB.CF + AC.BF| Dci AwâZ eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi
Aâb: BAF ˆK CAF ‰i ˆPGq ˆQvU aGi wbGq A we±`yGZ ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡ AGcÞv H `yB
E

AC ˆiLvsGki mvG^ BAF ‰i mgvb CAE AvuwK ˆhb AE evüi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU I Zvi Dci M N
D
ˆiLvsk BC KYÆGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| AciwUi jÁ¼ AwfGÞGci A¯¦MÆZ
cÉgvY: Aâb AbymvGi, BAF = CAE AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdGji w«¼àY
ev, BAF + EAF = CAE + EAF cwigvY Kg|
 BAE = CAF LMN ‰i LNM mƒÞÄGKvY| [DóxcK AbymvGi]
‰Lb, ABE I ACF ‰i gGaÅ BAE = CAF ‰es ND, MN evüGZ LN evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
ABE = AFC [‰KB PvGci Dci e†îÕ© ˆKvY mgvb eGj]  LM2 = LN2 + MN2  2MN. ND ........... (i)
‰es AewkÓ¡ AEB = AewkÓ¡ ACF Avevi, NE, LN evüGZ MN evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
14 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
 LM2 = MN2 + LN2  2LN.NE ............. (ii) cÉk²  55 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
(i) ‰es (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB,
P
LN2 + MN2  2MN. ND = MN2 + LN2  2LN . NE
ev,  2MN. ND =  2LN. NE
[Dfq cÞ nGZ (LN2 + MN2) weGqvM KGi]
ev, MN. ND = LN.NE [Dfq cÞGK ( 2) «¼viv fvM KGi] O
Q
R
 a. ND = b. NE (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
POR ‰ OPR = 90
cÉk²  54 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4 K. POR ‰i jÁ¼we±`y wbYÆq Ki| [AâGbi wPn× AvekÅK] 2
ABC ‰i AD, BE ‰es CF gaÅgvòq ciÕ·iGK G we±`yGZ ˆQ` L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR2 = PO2 + OR2  2OR.OQ. 4
KGiGQ| M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ = OQ.QR
2
4
K. GD = 2 ˆm.wg. nGj AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + BC = 2(AE + BE )
2 2 2 2
4 
K P
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3(AB2 + BC2 + AC2) = 4(AD2 + BE2 +
CF2). 4 N
M
54 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A

K Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi fiGK±`Ê

 A
ˆhGKvGbv gaÅgvGK 2 : 1 AbycvGZ
O R
wefÚ KGi| F E
‰LvGb, G nGjv wòfzGRi fiGK±`Ê| G wPGò OM  PR ‰es RN  OP Aâb Kiv nGjv| OM I
 AG : GD = 2 : 1 B C
RN jÁ¼`¾q A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| myZivs A we±`yB POR
D
AG 2
ev, GD = 1 ev, AG = 2GD ‰i jÁ¼ we±`y|
L m†Rbkxj 27(L)bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-81
ev, AG = 2  2 [‹ GD = 2 ˆm.wg.]
M m†Rbkxj 27(M)bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-81

 AG = 4 ˆm. wg.
Ô AD = AG + GD = (4 + 2) ˆm.wg. = 6 ˆm. wg. (Ans.) cÉk²  56 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
L B
ABC ‰i C = 90 ‰es BC, AC I AB evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg
P, Q I R|
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wbLyuZ wPwn×Z wPò AuvK| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB = PA + PB + 2PB.PC.
2 2 2
4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 + CR2). 4
A M E
C 56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC ‰i AC evüi gaÅgv BE|  K
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB + BC = 2(AE + BE )
2 2 2 2

Aâb: BM  AC AuvwK|
R Q
cÉgvY: ABE ‰ AEB mƒßGKvY ‰es AE evüi Dci BE
evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc ME
Ô mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,
AB2 = AE2 + BE2 – 2AE.ME ... ... ... ... ... ... (i)
B C
Avevi, BEC ‰ BEC Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es CE evüi ewaÆZvsGki P
Dci BE ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc ME.
Ô Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ
AbymvGi, L
 A
BC2 = CE2 + BE2 + 2CE.ME ... ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiGYi ˆhvM KGi cvB,
AB2 + BC2 = AE2 + BE2 – 2AE.ME + CE2 + BE2 +
2CE.ME
= 2BE2 + AE2 + AE2 – 2AE.ME + 2AE.ME B C
[∵ AE = CE] P
= 2BE2 + 2AE2 weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i C = 90|
Ô AB2 + BC2 = 2(AE2 + BE2) (cÉgvwYZ) BC, AC I AB evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q I R| A, P ˆhvM
M m†Rbkxj 13(M)bs mgvavb Abyi…c| c†Ó¡v-73
 Kiv nj| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 = PA2 + PB2 + 2.PB.PC
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 15
cÉgvY: ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es ACB mgGKvY| 57 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
myZivs wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, K ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF gaÅgvòvq O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|

AB2 = AC2 + BC2 = AC2 + (PB + PC)2 [‹ BC = PB + PC]
 O we±`y nGœQ ABC ‰i fiGK±`Ê ‰es O, AD gaÅgvGK
= AC2 + PB2 + PC2 + 2PB.PC ........... (i)
Avevi, APC mgGKvYx wòfzR ‰es ACP mgGKvY| 2 : 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi|
 AC2 + PC2 = PA2 ............... (ii) L
 A A
(i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
AB2 = AC2 + PC2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC F O E F
= PA2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC [(ii) bs nGZ] O
E
 AB2 = PA2 + PB2 + 2PB.PC (cÉgvwYZ) D M C M
B B D C
M
 A
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC-‰i gaÅgv AD.
R
Q cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + AC2 = 2 (BD2 + AD2)
Aâb: A ˆ^GK BC A^ev, BC-‰i ewaÆZvsGki Dci AM
B C jÁ¼ AuvwK|
P
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ADB Õ©„jGKvY,
weGkl wbeÆPbt ABC ‰i C = 90 ‰es BC, AC I AB
AZ‰e, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD.DM..... (i)
evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q I R| A, P; B, Q; C, R ˆhvM
ADC mƒÞÄGKvY nGj,
Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, 3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 +
AC2 = AD2 + CD2  2CD. DM
CR2)
cÉgvYt gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i BC, CA I AB evüi Š`NÆÅ ev, AC2 = AD2 + BD2  2BD. DM [‹ BD = CD] ..... (ii)
h^vKÌGg a, b I c| BC, CA I AB evüi Dci AwâZ gaÅgv mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
AB2 + AC2 = AD2 + BD2 + 2BD. DM + AD2
AP, BQ I CR ‰i Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg d, e I f|
+ BD2  2BD.DM
ZvnGj, ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å nGZ cvB,
AB2 + AC2 = 2(AP2 + BP2) ev, AB + AC = 2AD + 2BD
2 2 2 2

1 2 1  AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

 ( )
ev, c2 + b2 = 2d2 + 2 a  [ BP = 2 a]
 M
 A
1
ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2. 4 a2
F E
a2 O
ev, b2 + c2 = 2d2 + 2
2(b2 + c2)  a2
ev, d2 = 4
B D C

Abyi…cfvGe cvIqv hvq, weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i gaÅgvòq h^vKÌGg AD,
2
2(c + a )  b 2 2
2(a + b )  c 2 2 2
BE I CF ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
e2 =
4
‰es ƒ2 =
4
2 2 2
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
2(b + c )  a 2(c2 + a2)  b2
Avevi, d2 + e2 + ƒ2 = 4
+
4
AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2)
2(a2 + b2)  c2 cÉgvY: ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF wZbwU gaÅgv|
+
4  ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi
2 3
A^Ævr, d + e + ƒ = 4 (a2 + b2 + c2)
2 2 AB2 + CA2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) ….......….(i)
AB2 + BC2 = 2(BE2 + CE2) …........….(ii)
 3(a2 + b2 + c2) = 4(d2 + e2 + ƒ2) ‰es BC2 + CA2 = 2(CF2 + BF2) …….........(iii)
ev, 3(a2 + b2 + a2 + b2) = 4(d2 + e2 + f2) ‰Lb, mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
[ ABC ‰i AB2 = AC2 + BC2 ev, c2 = b2 + a2] 2AB2 + 2BC2 + 2CA2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 + 2BE2 + 2CE2
ev, 3  2 (a2 + b2) = 4(d2 + e2 + f2) + 2CF2 + 2BF2
ev, 3(a2 + b2) = 2(d2 + e2 + f2) ev, 2(AB + BC + CA ) = 2(AD + BE + CF2)
2 2 2 2 2

 3(AC2 + BC2) = 2(AP2 + BQ2 + CR2) [gvb ewmGq] + 2(BD2 + CE2 + BF2)
(cÉgvwYZ) ev, 4(AB + BC + CA ) = 4(AD + BE2 + CF2)
2 2 2 2

+ 4 (BD2 + CE2 + BF2)

cÉk²  57 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
[ Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv àY KGi ]
ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF gaÅgvòq O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + (2BD)2
K. O we±`ywUi bvg wK? O, AD ˆK wK AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi? 2
L. DóxcGKi wPòwU Aâb KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh, + (2CE)2 + (2BF)2
2
AB + AC = 2 (AD + BD ).2 2 2
4 ev, 4(AB + BC + CA ) = 4 (AD + BE + CF2) + BC2
2 2 2 2 2

M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + BC2 + AC2 = 3(AO2 + BO2 + CO2). 4 + CA2 + AB2
16 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
[D, E, F h^vKÌGg BC, CA I AB evüi gaÅ we±`y eGj, PMN-‰ PM = PN ‰es PA  MN
2BD = BC, 2CE = CA, 2BF = AB]  MA = AN
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) APM mgGKvYx wòfzGR,
 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4AD2 + 4BE2 + 4CF2 … ... (iv) PM2 = PA2 + MA2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
Avgiv Rvwb, wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv mgcvZ we±`yGZ 2 t 1 Avevi, PBA-‰ mgGKvYx wòfzGR,
AbycvGZ wefÚ KGi| PB2 = PA2 + AB2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
AO 2  PM2  PB2 = PA2 + MA2  PA2  AB2 = MA2  AB2
 =
OD 1 = (MA + AB).(MA  AB)
OD 1
ev, AO = 2 = MB. (AN  AB) [ MA = AN]
= MB.BN
OD + AO 1 + 2  PM2  PB2 = MB.BN (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, AO = 2 [ˆhvRb KGi]
AD 3
M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, mgw«¼evü
 P
ev, AO = 2 PMN-‰ PM = PN| A ˆ^GK
ev, 2AD = 3AO MN-‰i Ici AwâZ jÁ¼ PA ‰es R
ev, 4AD2 = 9AO2 [ eMÆ KGi ] wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvaÆ R| cÉgvY
Abyi…Gc, 4BE2 = 9BO2 ‰es 4CF2 = 9 CO2 KiGZ nGe ˆh, PM2 = 2R.PA.
R
myZivs (iv) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, Aâb: PA-ˆK ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ A
M N
3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 AO2 + 9BO2 + 9CO2 Kwi, ˆhb Zv cwie†îGK E we±`yGZ
ev, 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2) ˆQ` KGi| N, E ˆhvM Kwi| E

 AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (AO2 + BO2 + CO2) (cÉgvwYZ) cÉgvY: PAN I PNE-‰,
PAN = PNE
cÉk²  58 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
[‹ AaÆe†îÕ© PNE= 90° ‰es PA, MN ‰i Ici jÁ¼ eGj
P
PAN= 90°]
EPN mvaviY ˆKvY|
‰es AewkÓ¡ PNA = AewkÓ¡ PEN
 wòfzR«¼q m`†kGKvYx Z^v m`†k|
PA PN
M A N  = [‹ m`†kGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi Abyi…c evüàGjvi
PN PE
PMN mgw«¼evü wòfzGR PM = PN ‰es PA  MN. AbycvZ mgvb]
   ev, PN2 = PE . PA
K. APM ‰i ˆÞGò AP ˆfÙiGK MA ‰es MP  PM2 = PE. PA [‹ PM = PN] …………. (i)
ˆfÙi«¼Gqi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2 ‰Lb, MA = NA [‘L’ ˆ^GK]
L. B, MN ˆiLvi Ici ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`y nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, A^Ævr PA  MN ‰es PA, MN ‰i mgw«¼LíK|
PM2 – PB2 = MB.BN. 4  PA, e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê w`Gq hvq|
M. PMN wòfzGRi cwieÅvmvaÆ R nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆKvb RÅvGqi Ici AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅvGK
PM2 = 2R.PA. 4 mgw«¼LwíZ KGi]
58 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  PE, PMN -‰i cwieÅvm|
K
 PE = 2R [ ‹ R, PMN-‰i cwieÅvmvaÆ]
‰Lb, APM-‰ ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi P ZvnGj (i) nGZ cvB,
wòfzR wewa AbymvGi cvB, PM2 = 2R.PA (cÉgvwYZ)
   cÉk²  59 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
MA + AP = MP
   P
 AP = MP  MA (Ans.)
L
 M A N
P
weGkl wbeÆPb: PMN-‰ PM =
PN| MN ‰i Dci ˆhGKvGbv Q R
D
we±`y B wbB|
P, B ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe PQR ‰ D, QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y|
M A B N
ˆh, PM – PB = MB. BN.
2 2
K. jÁ¼ we±`y I fiGK±`Ê Kx? 2
cÉgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi mgvb mgvb evüi L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2 (PD2 + QD2). 4
ˆQ`we±`y nGZ wecixZ evüi Dci AwâZ jÁ¼ DÚ evüGK M. Q = 60 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi| PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 – PQ.QR. 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 17
59 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb mgGKvYx PQE-‰ jÁ¼ PE, fƒwg QE ‰es AwZfzR PQ.
K jÁ¼we±`y: wòfzGRi kxlÆwe±`yàGjv nGZ wecixZ evüi Ici
  cos PQE =
QE ‹ cos = f„wg 
AwâZ jÁ¼àGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi H we±`yGK jÁ¼we±`y ejv PQ  AwZfzR
nq| QE
ev, cos60° = PQ [ PQE = 60]
fiGK±`Ê: wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv ˆh we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi H we±`yGK 1 QE
fiGK±`Ê ejv nq| ev, 2 = PQ
L
 P
 QE =
1
.PQ
2
‰Lb, (i) bs-‰ QE-‰i gvb ewmGq cvB,
1
PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  2PQ. QR.
2
 PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  PQ.QR (cÉgvwYZ)
Q D E R
cÉk²  60 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
weGkl wbeÆPb: PQR-‰ D, QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y| P, D ˆhvM
ABC wòfzGRi C Õ©„jGKvY, AB Õ©„jGKvGYi wecixZ evü ‰es
Kwi|
Õ©„jGKvGYi mw®²wnZ evü«¼q h^vKÌGg BC I AC|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PD2 + QD2)
K. AC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc Aâb Ki| 2
Aâb: QR evüi Dci PE jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 = AC2 + BC2 + 2BC.CD| 4
cÉgvY: PQD ‰i PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es QD ˆiLvi
M. wòfzRwUi gaÅgvòq P we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ewaÆZvsGki Dci PD ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc DE| Õ©ƒjGKvGYi
AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3(PA2 + PB2 + PC2) 4
ˆÞGò, cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi Avgiv cvB,
PQ2 = PD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE ................. (i) 49 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰LvGb, PRD ‰i PDR mƒßGKvY ‰es DR ˆiLvi Ici  K A
PD ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc DE.
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò,
wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi cvB,
PR2 = PD2 + RD2  2RD.DE ................. (ii)
D
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, B C
PQ2 + PR2 = PD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE + PD2
ABC wòfzGRi C Õ©ƒjGKvY
+ RD2  2RD.DE
2 2 2
= 2PD + QD + RD + 2QD.DE  2RD.DE BC ˆK D chƯ¦ ewaÆZ KGi BD  AD AvuwK|
= 2PD2 + QD2 + QD2 + 2QD.DE  2QD.DE myZivs BC evüi Dci AC evüi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc CD|
[‹ QD = RD] L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 3.1 ‰i Dccv`Å `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-66

= 2PD2 + 2QD2 = 2(PD2 + QD2) (cÉgvwYZ)
M
 A
M
 P
F E
O

60
Q E R
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i Q = 60°, cÉgvY
KiGZ nGe ˆh, PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  PQ.QR.
Aâb: PE  QR Uvwb|
cÉgvY: Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi mƒÞÄGKvGYi wecixZ evüi
Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞò Aci `yB evüi Ici AwâZ
eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ AGcÞv H `yB evüi ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU I
Zvi Ici AciwUi jÁ¼ AwfGÞGci A¯¦MÆZ AvqZGÞGòi w«¼àY
cwigvY Kg|
 PQR ‰i Q = 60°, A^Ævr mƒÞÄGKvY ‰es ZvnGj QE,
QR ‰i Ici PQ ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc|
B D C
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i gaÅgvòq h^vKÌGg AD,
BE I CF ciÕ·i P we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (AP2 + BP2 +
CP2)
cÉgvY: ABC ‰i AD, BE I CF wZbwU gaÅgv|
 ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi
AB2 + CA2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) ….......….(i)
AB2 + BC2 = 2(BE2 + CE2) …........….(ii)
‰es BC2 + CA2 = 2(CF2 + BF2) …….........(iii)
‰Lb, mgxKiY (i), (ii) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
2AB2 + 2BC2 + 2CA2 = 2AD2 + 2BD2 + 2BE2 + 2CE2
+ 2CF2 + 2BF2
ev, 2(AB + BC + CA ) = 2(AD + BE + CF2)
2 2 2 2 2

 PR2 = PQ2 + QR2  2QR.QE ……. (i) + 2(BD2 + CE2 + BF2)

18 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4(AD2 + BE2 + CF2) 61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
+ 4 (BD2 + CE2 + BF2) K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî
 A
[ Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv àY KGi ] ABC mgevü wòfzR A¯¦wjÆwLZ|
ev, 4(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) cwie†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es
E
2 2 2
+ (2BD) + (2CE) + (2BF) AD  BC| O
ev, 4(AB + BC + CA ) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) + BC2
2 2 2

B C
+ CA2 + AB2 D
 AD = OA + OD
[D, E, F h^vKÌGg BC, CA I AB evüi gaÅ we±`y eGj,
OA
2BD = BC, 2CE = CA, 2BF = AB] = OA +
2
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4 (AD2 + BE2 + CF2) [O we±`yGZ AD, 2 t 1 AbycvGZ A¯¦weÆfÚ nq]
 3(AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 4AD2 + 4BE2 + 4CF2 … ... (iv) 4
= 4 +  ˆm.wg. = (4 + 2) ˆm.wg. = 6 ˆm.wg.
Avgiv Rvwb,  2
wòfzGRi gaÅgvàGjv mgcvZ we±`yGZ 2 t 1 AbycvGZ wefÚ  wbGYÆq AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ 6 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
KGi| L eËþàGµ¦i Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, AB.AC = BE.AD


AP 2
= ev, AB2 = 8  6 eMÆ ˆm.wg. [ABC mgevü wòfzR eGj AB =
PD 1 AC
PD 1 ‰es BE = 2.OB = 2.4 ˆm.wg. = 8 ˆm.wg.]
ev, AP = 2
ev, AB2 = 48 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
PD + AP 1 + 2
ev, AP = 2 [ˆhvRb KGi] ev, AB = 48 ˆm.wg.
AD 3  AB = 4 3 ˆm.wg.
ev, AP = 2
 wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 3 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
ev, 2AD = 3AP M ‘L’ nGZ,

ev, 4AD2 = 9AP2 [ eMÆ KGi ] mgevü wòfzR ABC ‰i ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 4 3 ˆm.wg.|
Abyi…Gc, 4BE2 = 9BP2 ‰es 4CF2 = 9 CP2 Avgiv Rvwb,
myZivs (iv) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, 3
mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ ‰KK
3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 AP2 + 9BP2 + 9CP2
ev, 3 (AB2 + BC2 + CA2) = 9 (AP2 + BP2 + CP2) =
3
(4 3)2 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
4
 AB2 + BC2 + CA2 = 3 (AP2 + BP2 + CP2) (cÉgvwYZ)
3
cÉk²  61 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 =
4
 48 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ABC ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR; hvi eMÆ ˆm.wg.
= 12 3

cwie†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ 4 ˆm. wg. ‰es AD  BC. = 20.785 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)

K. AD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ‰es e†Gîi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK| (ˆhLvGb r e†Gîi
eÅvmvaÆ]
L. eËþvàGµ¦i Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi ABC wòfzRwUi evüi
= 3.1416  42 eMÆ ˆm.wg. [ r = 4]
Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 3.1416  16 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
M. wòfzRGÞò ABC ‰es e†îGÞò ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj«¼Gqi = 50.2656 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
AbycvZ wbYÆq Ki| 4  wòfzR ˆÞò ABC I e†îGÞò ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj«¼Gqi
20.785
AbycvZ = 50.2656 = 1 = 1 t 2.42 (Ans.)
242
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 19

AaÅvq 4: RÅvwgwZK Aâb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  10 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6
5
‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es Aci evü«¼Gqi gGb Kwi, A I B `yBwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y ‰es eÅvmvaÆ r = 2 ˆm.wg.
A¯¦i d = 1 ˆm.wg.| AaÅvq 3 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq = 2.5 ˆm.wg. ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆiLvsGki Š`NÆÅ| ‰gb ‰KwU e†î
K. wòfzRwUi Aci evü«¼Gqi Š`NÆÅ KZ? 2 Aâb KiGZ nGe hv A I B we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es hvi eÅvmvaÆ r
L. AâGbi wPn× I weeiYmn wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 4
‰i mgvb nq|
M. AwZfzGRi mgvb eÅvmwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†î Aâb Ki hv `yBwU
wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y w`Gq hvq| (AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK)| 4 Aâb:
10 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb avc-1. A I B ˆhvM Kwi|
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 avc-2. A I B ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi r ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq AB
mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR = 5 ˆm.wg. ‰i Dfq cvGk `yBwU KGi e†îPvc AuvwK| ‰K cvGki e†îPvc
awi, jÁ¼ = x ˆm.wg.;  f„wg = (x  1) ˆm.wg. `yBwU ciÕ·iGK P we±`yZ ‰es Aci cvGki e†îPvc `yBwU
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, 52 = x2 + (x  1)2 ciÕ·iGK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ev, 25 = x2 + x2 2x + 1 ev, 2x2 2x  24 = 0
avc-3. P ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi PA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ABC e†î
ev, x2 x  12 = 0  x =  3, 4
ˆhGnZz Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| Aâb Kwi|
 jÁ¼ = 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg = 4  1 = 3 ˆm.wg. (Ans.) avc-4. Avevi Q ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi QA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
L
 1 ˆm.wg. ABD e†î Aâb Kwi|
d

a
5 ˆm.wg. avc-5. ZvnGj ABC I ABD e†î `yBwUi cÉGZÅKwUB wbGYÆq
N e†î|
A
cÉk²  11 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
PQR wòfzGRi PQ = 6 ˆm. wg., QR = 8 ˆm. wg.
‰es PR = 4.5 ˆm. wg.| S, QR ‰i gaÅwe±`yy|
C
E
F AaÅvq 3 I 4 ‰i mg®¼Gq

B
K. DcGivÚ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wòfzRwU AuvK| 2
L. RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 5 ˆm.wg.I
Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i d = 1 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2) 4
AâGbi weeiY: M. hw` ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi f„wg QR ‰i AGaÆGKi mgvb,
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ EF ‰i E we±`yGZ FEN = 45° AuvwK| wkitGKvY DóxcGK DGÍÏwLZ wòfzGRi R ‰i mgvb ‰es
(2) ‰evi NE ˆK EB chƯ¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb EB = d Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ QR ‰i mgvb nq, ZGe wòfzRwU
nq| AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
(3) AZtci B we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi a-‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
11 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK hv EF-ˆK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(4) cwiGkGl, C we±`yGZ EC ‰i mvG^ ECA = CEN  K P 6 ˆm.wg.
Q
Q R
AuvwK ˆhb CA ˆiLv EN ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| 8 ˆm.wg.
P R
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR nGe| 4.5 ˆm.wg. P
M

C
P Q N
S R
2.5ˆm. wg.
A B r
wPGò, PQR wòfzGRi PQ = 6 ˆm.wg.
D QR = 8 ˆm.wg. ‰es PR = 4.5 ˆm.wg.|
Q
S, QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
20 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
L PQR ‰i S we±`ywU QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y nIqvq, PS ‰KwU 
 QR 8
M awi, f„wg, a = 2 = 2 = 4 ˆm.wg.
gaÅgv| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2)
P P
Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡, S = QR = 8 ˆm.wg.
‰es wkitGKvY, x = R [‘K’ ‰ AwâZ PQR nGZ]
a
4 ˆm.wg.
Q R S
S E Q S R E 8 ˆm.wg.
1 bs 2 bs F
C
Aâb: QR evüi Ici (wPò 1bs) ‰es QR evüi ewaÆZvsGki
Ici (wPò-2bs) PE jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi| x
cÉgvY: PQS ‰i PSQ Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es QS ˆiLvi C a
ewaÆZvsGki Dci PS ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc SE [Dfq wPGò] a
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ E
D A A B
AbymvGi, Avgiv cvB, PQ2 = PS2 + QS2 + 2QS.SE ...... (i)
Avevi, PRS ‰i PSR mƒßGKvY ‰es SR ˆiLvi (wPò-
1bs) ‰es SR ˆiLvi ewaÆZvsGki (wPò-2bs) Dci PS ˆiLvi AâGbi weeiY:
jÁ¼ AwfGÞc SE. (1) ˆhGKvb iwkÄ DE ˆ^GK DB = 8 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB|
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi 1
(2) DB ˆiLvi D we±`yGZ BDF = 2 x Aâb Kwi|
cvB,
(3) B ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi f„wg a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU
PR2 = PS2 + RS2  2RS.SE
e†îPvc Aâb Kwi hv DF ˆK C I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
PQ2 + PR2 = 2PS2 + QS2 + RS2 + 2QS.SE  2RS.SE B, C I B, C ˆhvM Kwi|
= 2PS2 + QS2 + QS2 + 2QS.SE  2QS.SE (4) C I C we±`yGZ BDF ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg DCA
[‹QS=RS] I DCA Aâb Kwi| CA I CA ˆiLv `yBwU BD ˆK
= 2(PS2 + QS2) h^vKÌGg A I A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj ABC I
 PQ + PR2 = 2(PS2 + QS2) (cÉgvwYZ)
2
ABC wòfzR«¼q DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 21

AaÅvq 7: Amxg aviv

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  40 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 ev, 1  1 > 1 + y  1 [DfqcGÞ (1) ˆhvM KGi]
1 1 1 ev,  2 > y
1+ + + + ...............
1 + y (1 + y)2 (1 + y)3 y<2
K. D`vniYmn mgv¯¦i avivi msæv `vI| 2 1
Avevi, 1 + y < 1
L. y = 2 nGj, avivwUi 1g 10 cG`i mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. y ‰i Dci Kx kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK ev, 1 + y > 1 [eÅÕ¦KiY KGi]
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 1 + y  1 > 1 1
40 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb y>0
 wbGYÆq kZÆ: y > 0 A^ev, y <  2
K mgv¯¦i aviv : ˆKvGbv avivi ˆh ˆKvGbv c` I Zvi cƒeÆeZÆx

a
cG`i cv^ÆKÅ me mgq mgvb nGj, ˆmB avivwUGK mgv¯¦i aviv  AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1 – r
eGj| 1
D`vniY: 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ........‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv| =
1
[‘K’ nGZ cvB]
1–
‰LvGb, 2q c`1g c` = 3 – 1 = 2, y+1
1
3q c`  2q c` = 5 – 3 = 2 =
y+1–1
4^Æ c`  3q c` = 7 – 5 = 2, y+1
5g c`  4^Æ c` = 9 – 7 = 2 y+1
 avivwU mgv¯¦i| =
y
(Ans.)
1 1 1
L cÉ`î aviv: 1 + 1 + y + (1 + y)2 + (1 + y)3 + ........
 cÉk²  41 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
1 1 1 1 ..
y=2 nGj, avivwU, 1 + 1 + 2 + (1 + 2)2 + (1 + 2)3 + ....... a=
4x + 1
= r, 5.023
1 1 1 K. ‰KwU AbyKÌg I ‰KwU Amxg avivi D`vniY `vI| 2
= 1 + + 2 + 3 + ....
3 3 3
L. Ave†î `kwgK f™²vskwUGK Ab¯¦ àGYvîi avivi gvaÅGg
avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1
1 gƒj`xq f™²vsGk cÉKvk Ki| 4
3 1 M. Amxg àGYvîi avivwU MVb Ki| x ‰i Dci cÉGhvRÅ
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 3 < 1
kZÆmn avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ˆhGnZz, avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r < 1 41 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(13) 
 10
11 – 1
n
a(1 – r )  K AbyKÌg : ‰KwU AbyKÌGgi mvaviY c` = n(n + 1) nGj,

 avivwUi 1g 10wU cG`i mgwÓ¡ = 1 – r = 1
1– 1 1 1 1
3 AbyKÌgwU 2 , 6 , 12 , 20 , ............,
1 59049 – 1
1– 1 1 1
=
59049
=
59049 Amxg aviv : 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 .............
2 2
3 3 ..
L Ave†î `kwgK f™²vskwU 5.023

3 59048 29524
=  = (Ans.) ..
2 59049 19683 5.023 = 5.023232323................
M avivwUi 1g c`, a = 1
 = 5 + (0.023 + 0.00023 + 0.0000023 + .........)
1 ‰LvGb, 0.023 + 0.00023 + 0.0000023 + ........... ‰KwU Ab¯¦
y+1 1 àGYvîi aviv hvi 1g c`, a = 0.023
mvaviY AbycvZ, r=
1
=
1+y
0.00023
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq| ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 0.023 = 0.01 < 1
ev,  1 < r < 1 a 0.023
1  avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1  r = 1  0.01
ev, 1 < 1 + y < 1
0.023 23
1 = =
‰LvGb, 1 < 1 + y 0.99 990
.. 23 4973
ev,  1 > 1 + y [eÅÕ¦KiY KGi]  5.023 = 5 + =
990 990
(Ans.)
22 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
1 1
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = 4x + 1 = r
  wbGYÆq kZÆ : x > 0 A^ev x < 2
 Amxg àGYvîi avivwU, a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ................ 1
a 4x + 1

1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+ ..........  avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ =
1r
=
1
4x + 1 (4x + 1)2 (4x + 1)3 (4x + 1)4 1
4x + 1
avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vGK, hw` I ˆKej hw`, |r| < 1 nq|
1 1
1 1
| |
A^Ævr 4x + 1 < 1 ev, 1 < 4x + 1 < 1 =
4x + 1
4x + 1  1
=
4x + 1
4x
1 1 4x + 1 4x + 1
‰Lb, 4x + 1 > –1 A^ev, 4x + 1 < 1
1 4x + 1 1
=  =
ev, 4x + 1 <  1 ev, 4x + 1 > 1 4x + 1 4x 4x
ev, 4x < 2 ev, 4x > 1  1 
1
AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ = 4x (Ans.)
2
ev, x <  4 ev, 4x > 0
1
 x<  x>0
2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 23

AaÅvq 8: wòGKvYwgwZ
ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  77 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 ev, 2sin(sin – 1)  1(sin – 1) = 0
sinA + cosA = P ‰es Q = sec  tan.  (sin  1) (2sin  1) = 0
K. 324 ˆK ˆiwWqvGb cÉKvk Ki| 2 nq, sin  1 = 0 A^ev, 2sin  1 = 0
L. P = 1 nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sinA  cosA =  1. 4 1
ev, sin = 1 ev, sin = 2
M. Q = ( 3)1 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 
ev, sin = sin90 ev, sin = sin30
mħGKvY| 4
  = 90   = 30
77 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wK¯§  = 90 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, KviY  mƒßGKvY|
4
K 324 = 32 60  [‹ 60 = 1] ‰i gvb 30 (Ans.)
 ( ) 
cÉk²  78 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
1  481 
= (32 ) = (
15 15 ) gymv BeËvwng ˆ`Lj ˆh, 540 wKGjvwgUvi `ƒGi ‰KwU we±`yGZ ˆKvGbv
=
481 
 cvnvo 7 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ‰es wZwb ‰KwU mgxKiY wjLGjb:
15  60 [‹ 60 = 1] x = tan + sec.
481  481  c  c 
= ( )
900
= 
900 180   1 =
180
K. cvnvowUi DœPZv wbYÆq Ki|
x2 – 1
2
481 c L. mgxKiYwU nGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin = 2 . 4
= 
162000 = .0093 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
c x +1
M. x = 1 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 0   < 90. 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, sinA + cosA = P
 78 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉkg² GZ, P = 1
K cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-8.1 ‰i D`vniY-9 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-158

ev, sinA + cosA = 1
ev, (sinA + cosA)2 = 12 [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi] L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan + sec = x

ev, sin2A + cos2A + 2sinAcosA = 1 ev, sin 

1
x ev, 1  sin 
x
cos  cos  cos 
ev, 1 + 2sinAcosA = 1 [ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
ev, 2sinAcosA = 1 – 1  2sinAcosA = 0 (1  sin ) 2
ev,  x2 [Dfq cÞGK eMÆ KGi]
‰Lb, (sinA  cosA)2 = (sinA + cosA)2  4sinAcosA cos 2 

= 12  0 [gvb ewmGq] (1  sin ) 2

ev,  x2 [ cos2 = 1  sin2]
ev, sinA  cosA =  1 1  sin 2 
 sinA  cosA =  1 (cÉgvwYZ) ev, 1  sin 1  sin   x 2
1  sin 1  sin 
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec  tan

1  sin 
cÉkg² GZ, Q = ( 3)1 ev,  x2
1  sin 
1
ev, sec  tan = 1 + sin + 1 – sin x2 + 1
3 ev, 1 + sin – 1 + sin = x2 – 1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1 sin 1
ev, cos  cos = 2 x2 + 1
ev, 2sin = x2 – 1
3
1  sin 1
ev, cos = x2 1
3  sin = (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
x2 1
ev, 3  3 sin = cos
ev, ( 3  3 sin)2 = (cos)2 [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi] M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x = 1

ev, 3 + 3sin2  6sin = cos2 x2  1
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, sin = x2 + 1
ev, 3 + 3sin2  6sin = 1  sin2 [ sin2 + cos2 = 1]
12  1
ev, 3sin2 + sin2  6sin + 3  1 = 0 ev, sin = 12 + 1 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq]
ev, 4sin2  6sin + 2 = 0 0
ev, 2(2sin2  3sin + 1) = 0 ev, sin = 2 ev, sin = 0
ev, 2sin2  3sin + 1 = 0 ev, sin = sin0
ev, 2sin2  2sin  sin + 1 = 0 ∴  = 0 (Ans.)
24 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  79 L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = sec + tan
w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

‰KwU Mvwo XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq hvIqvi mgq Mvwoi PvKv cÉwZ cÉkg² GZ, A = x
wgwbGU 720 evi NyGi| PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ 0.25 wgUvi| AZtci m†Rbkxj 18(L) bs mgvavb Abyi…c|
K. PvKvi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = sec + tan
2 
L. MvwowUi MwZGeM wbYÆq Ki| 4 kZÆgGZ, A = 3
M. XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvi `ƒiZ½ c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê 2 ˆKvY Drc®² ev, sec + tan = 3
KiGj XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆcuŒQvGZ MvwowUi KZ mgq ev, sec = 3 – tan
jvMGe? [c†w^exi eÅvmvaÆ 6440 wK.wg.] 4 ev, sec2 = ( 3 – tan)2 [eMÆ KGi]
79 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 1 + tan2 = 3  2 3tan + tan2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PvKvi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 0.25 wgUvi ev, 2 3 tan = 3 + tan2 – 1 – tan2
 PvKvi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK = 2  3.1416  0.25 wgUvi ev, 2 3 tan = 2
2
= 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, tan =
2 3
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, PvKvi cwiwa = 1.5708 wgUvi (cÉvq)
 1
ev, tan =
Avgiv Rvwb, PvKv ‰Kevi NyGi Zvi cwiwai mgvb `ƒiZ½ 3
AwZKÌg KGi|  
ev, tan = tan6 = tan + 6 [ 0 <  < 2]
 MvwowU cÉwZ wgwbGU NyGi AwZKÌg KGi = 720  1.5708 wgUvi
 7
= 1130.976 wgUvi ev, tan = tan6 = tan 6
 MvwowUi MwZGeM = 1130.976 wgUvi/wgwbU  7
1130.976  60 = ,
= wK.wg./N´Ÿv 6 6
1000 7 7
= 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv (Ans.)  wK¯§  = MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY  = 6 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î
6
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, eÅvmvaÆ, R = 6440 wK.wg.
 mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv|
c 

c†w^exi ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 2 = 2  180 = 0.034907c  wbGYÆq gvb  = 6

 XvKv I Lyjbvi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ = PvGci Š`NÆÅ = r cÉk²  81 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
= 6440  0.034907 cot + cosec = m.
= 224.801 wK.wg. K. cosec – cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, Mvoxi MwZGeM = 67.86 wK.wg./N´Ÿv sin – cos + 1
L. m = 2 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin + cos – 1 = cos . 4
1 + sin
 XvKv ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆcuŒQvGZ mgq jvMGe
= (224.801  67.86) N´Ÿv M. m = 3 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| ˆhLvGb 0    2. 4
= 3.31 N´Ÿv (cÉvq) (Ans.)
81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
cÉk²  80 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec + cot = m
Avgiv Rvwb, cosec2 – cot2 = 1
 25
A = sec + tan ‰es B = cos − ev, (cosec + cot) (cosec – cot) = 1
 6
K. B ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, m(cosec – cot) = 1
2
x −1 1
L. hw` A = x nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin = 2 4  cosec – cot = m (Ans.)
x +1
M.  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvbàGjv wbYÆq Ki hLb A = 3 ‰es L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = m

cos 1
0 <  < 2 4 ev, sin + sin = 2 [ m = 2]
80 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cos + 1
ev, sin = 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

(cos + 1)2
25 25 ev, = 4 [Dfq cÞGK eMÆ KGi]
B = cos − sin2
 6  = cos 6 [‹ cos (− ) = cos]
(1 + cos)2
 ev, =4
= cos 4 +  1 – cos2
 6
(1 + cos) (1 + cos)
 
= cos 8 . +  = cos
 ev, (1 + cos)(1 – cos)
=4
 2 6 6
1 + cos
B=
3
(Ans.)
ev, 1 – cos
=4
2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 25
1 + cos + 1 – cos 4+1
ev, 1 + cos – 1 + cos = 4 – 1 [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) = sinx


2 5 cÉkg² GZ, aƒ() + bƒ2   = c
ev, 2cos = 3

3 ev, a sin + b sin 2   = c
 cos =
5
ev, a sin + b cos = c
3 2 9 4
 sin = 2
1 – cos  = 1–  = 1– = ev, a2sin2 + b2 cos2 + 2ab sin cos = c2 [eMÆ KGi]
5
  25 5
ev, a2(1  cos2) + b2 (1  sin2) + 2ab sin.cos = c2
4 3 4–3+5
sin – cos + 1 5 5
– +1
5 6 5 ev, a2  a2 cos2 + b2  b2 sin2 + 2ab sin.cos = c2
evgcÞ = sin + cos – 1 = 4 3 = 4 + 3 – 5 = 5  2 = 3 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2 cos2 + b2 sin2  2ab sin.cos
+ –1
5 5 5 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a cos)2 + (b sin)2  2a cos.b sin
4 5+4 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a cos  b sin)2
1+
1 + sin 5 5 9 5
WvbcÞ = cos = 3 = 3 = 5  3 = 3 ev, a cos  b sin =  a2 + b2  c2
5 5 
 aƒ    b ƒ() =  a + b2  c2 (cÉgvwYZ)
2
sin – cos + 1 1 + sin 2 
 = (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 
sin + cos – 1 cos M
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ƒ(x) + ƒ2  x = 2, hLb 0  x  2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cosec + cot = m
 
ev, cosec + cot = 3 [ m = 3]
ev, sinx + sin 2  x = 2
ev, cosec = 3 – cot ev, sinx + cosx = 2
ev, cosec2 = 3 – 2 3 cot + cot2 ev, cos2x = ( 2  sinx)2 [eMÆ KGi]
ev, 1 + cot2 – 3 + 2 3cot – cot2 = 0 ev, cos2x = 2  2 2 sinx + sin2x
ev, 2 3 cot – 2 = 0 ev, 1  sin2x = 2  2 2 sinx + sin2x
ev, cot =
2 ev, 2 sin2x  2 2 sinx + 1 = 0
2 3 ev, ( 2 sinx)2  2 2 sinx.1 + 12 = 0
1
ev, cot = ev, ( 2 sinx  1)2 = 0
3
  4
ev, 2 sinx  1 = 0
ev, cot = cot 3 = cot  + 3 = cot 3 1
ev, sinx =
2
 4
= ,  
3 3 ev, sinx = sin 4 = sin   4
4
wK¯§  = 3 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv|  3
ev, sinx = sin 4 = sin 4

 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = (Ans.)  3
3 x= ,
4 4
cÉk²  82 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 3
wK¯§, x=
4
‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv|
ƒ(x) = sinx
K. 5 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi ˆh Pvc ˆKG±`Ê 60 ˆKvY 

wbGYÆq mgvavb, x = 4 (Ans.)
Drc®² KGi Zvi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
 cÉk²  83 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
L. hw` aƒ() + bƒ2   = c nq, ZvnGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2 2
7sin  + 3cos  = P.
 
aƒ    bƒ() =  a2 + b2  c2. 4 K.  = 4 nGj, P ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
2 
M.

mgvavb Ki: ƒ(x) + ƒ2  x = 2, hLb 0  x  2. 4 L. P = 4 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cot =  3. 4
M. P = 6 ‰es 0 <  < 2 nGj,  ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
82 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 83 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, eÅvmvaÆ, r = 5 ˆm.wg.
 K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = 7sin2 + 3cos2

c c
ˆKG±`Ê Drc®² ˆKvY,  = 60 = 60  180 = 3  2  2 
= 7sin  + 3cos  ‹  = 
 4  4  4
 5  3.1416 1 2 1 2 7 3 7+3
Avgiv Rvwb, Pvc, S = r = 5  3 = 3 = 7  + 3  = + =
 2  2 2 2 2
 PvGci Š`NÆÅ = 5.236 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) Ô P = 5 (Ans.)
26 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
L cÉkg² GZ, P = 4
 ev, x2 sin2 + y2cos2  2xy sin cos = x2 + y2  z2
ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 4 ev, (x sin  y cos)2 = x2 + y2  z2
ev, 7sin2 + 3(1 – sin2) = 4  x sin  y cos =  x2 + y2  z2 (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 7sin2 + 3 – 3sin2 = 4 M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = x cos ‰es B = y sin

1
ev, 4sin  = 1  sin  = 4
2 2
‰LvGb, A2 + B2 = 4
1 3 ev, (x cos)2 + (y sin)2 = 4
Avevi, cos2 = 1 – sin2 = 1 – 4 = 4 ev, x2cos2 + y2sin2 = 4
3 ‰Lb, x2 = 3, y2 = 7 nGj, Avgiv cvB, 3 cos2 + 7 sin2 = 4
2 cos2 4 3 4 ev, 3(1  sin2) + 7 sin2 = 4
Ô cot  = 2 = =  = 3
sin  1 4 1
4 ev, 3  3 sin2 + 7 sin2 = 4
Ô cot =  3 (cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 3 + 4 sin2 = 4 ev, 4 sin2 = 4  3
1
ev, 4 sin2 = 1 ev, sin2 = 4
M cÉkg² GZ, P = 6

ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 6 1
 sin = 
2
[eMÆgƒj KGi]
ev, 7sin2 + 3(1 – sin2) = 6 1 1
ev, 7sin2 + 3 – 3sin2 = 6 ‘+’ wbGq, sin = 2 ‘’ wbGq, sin =  2
3 
ev, 4sin2 = 3 ev, sin2 = 4 ev, sin = sin 6 = sin (  6) ev, sin =  sin 6
3  5 
Ô sin = 
2 = ,
6 6
ev, sin = sin + 6
3   
‘+’ wbGq, sin = 2 = sin3 = sin – 3 = sin2 
 6
 2 7 11
Ô= , ev, sin = sin 6 = sin 6
3 3
3   7 11
‘’ wbGq, sin = – 2 = sin + 3 = sin2  3 =
6
,
6
4 5  5 7 11
Ô= , = , , , (Ans.)
3 3 6 6 6 6

Ô wbw`ÆÓ¡
 2 4 5
mxgvi gGaÅ  ‰i gvbmgƒn: 3, 3 , 3 , 3 (Ans.) cÉk²  85 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
A
cÉk²  84 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
A = x cos ‰es B = y sin, ˆhLvGb 0 <  < 2. 1
A2 B2
K. x2 + y2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. A + B = z nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, B
 
C
4
2 2 2 2
xsin  ycos =  x +y z . x +1

M. x2 = 3, y2 = 7 ‰es A2 + B2 = 4 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq K. sin( + ) + cos( + ) ‰i gvb KZ? 2

Ki| 4 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
84 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (sin  cos)2 = 1  2 sin.cos. 4
1
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = x cos ‰es B = y sin
 M. x2 + 2 = 2 nGj,  ‰i gvb KZ?
x
4
A2 B2 (x cos)2 (y sin)2
cÉ`î ivwk = x2 + y2 = x2 + y2 85 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb

=
x2 cos2 y2 sin2
+ = cos2 + sin2 = 1 (Ans.)
K wPò ˆ^GK cvB, ABC ‰i A = 90

x2 y2 Avgiv Rvwb, A

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A + B = z
 A + B + C = 180 1

ev, x cos + y sin = z ev,  +  = 180 – A 


ev, (x cos + y sin)2 = z2 [eMÆ KGi] ev,  +  = 180 – 90 B C
x2 + 1
  +  = 90
ev, x2 cos2 + y2sin2 + 2xy sin.cos = z2
cÉ`î ivwk = sin( + ) + cos( + )
ev, x2(1  sin2) + y2(1  cos2) + 2xy sin cos = z2
= sin 90 + cos 90
ev, x2  x2 sin2 + y2  y2cos2 + 2xy sin cos = z2 =1+0
ev, x2 + y2  z2 = x2sin2 + y2cos2  2xy sin cos = 1 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 27
L wPòvbymvGi cvB,
 cÉk²  86 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
A
Z
AC = 1 1
P(x, y)
BC = x2 + 1
ˆhGnZz BAC = 90  
C
2 2
B 2
 AB = BC – AC x +1

= ( x2 + 1)2 – 12 O 
X
2 M
= x +1–1
= x2 K. sec-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
=x L. x = 1, y = 3 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
AC 1
‰Lb, sin = BC = 2 sin3 = 3sin  4sin3. 4
x +1
M. x + y + x = 3y nGj, 
2 2
‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
AB x
cos =
BC
= 2 86 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x +1
evgcÞ = (sin – cos)2 K wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

1 x  2 OM = x ‰es PM = y [ P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (x, y)]
= –
 x2 + 1 x2 + 1 OPM ‰ OMP = 90 Z
P(x,y)
1–x 2 wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
=  OP2 = OM2 + PM2
 x2 + 1
(1 – x)2 ev, OP2 = x2 + y2 
= 2 O
x +1  OP = x2 + y2 M X
WvbcÞ = 1 – 2sin.cos  sec =
OP
=
x2 + y2
(Ans.)
1 x OM x
= 1 – 2. .
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2 + y2
2x L wPò ˆ^GK cvB, sec =
 x
=1– 2
x +1
12 + ( 3)2
x2 + 1 – 2x ev, sec = 1
[ x = 1, y = 3]
=
x2 + 1
1 – 2x + x2 ev, sec = 4
= ev, sec = 2
x2 + 1
(1 – x)2 ev, sec = sec60 [‹ sec60 = 2]
= 2
x +1   = 60
 (sin – cos)2 = 1 – 2sin.cos (cÉgvwYZ) evgcÞ = sin3 = sin (3  60) = sin 180
AC 1 = sin (2  90 + 0) = – sin 0 = 0
M
 wPò ˆ^GK cvB, tan = AB = x
WvbcÞ = 3 sin   4 sin3 = 3 sin 60  4 sin360
1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
ev, tan2 = x2 = 3.  4.
2  2  = 2  4. 8
1 3 3 3 3
‰LvGb, x2 + x2 = 2 =  =0
2 2
1
ev, tan2 + tan2 = 2 (cÉgvwYZ)
 sin3 = 3sin  4 sin3
M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, OM = x, PM = y ‰es OP = x2 + y2

1 + tan4
ev, tan2 = 2 AwZfzR OP x2 + y2
Avgiv Rvwb, cosec = jÁ¼ = PM = y
ev, tan4 + 1 = 2tan2
f„wg OM x
ev, tan4 – 2tan2 + 1 = 0 cot =
jÁ¼ = PM = y
ev, (tan2)2 – 2.tan2.1 + 12 = 0 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x2 + y2 + x = 3y
ev, (tan2 – 1)2 = 0 x2 + y2 + x 3y
ev, tan2 – 1 = 0 ev, y
=
y
[y «¼viv fvM KGi]
ev, tan2 = 1 ev,
2
x +y x
+ =
2
3
y y
ev, tan = 1 [  mƒßGKvY, ZvB tan ‰i gvb abvñK wbGq]
ev, cosec + cot = 3
ev, tan = tan45
1 cos
  = 45 (Ans.) ev, sin + sin = 3
28 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
1 + cos
ev, sin = 3 Pvc MN r
ev, MON =  AOM =  ‰K mgGKvY
Pvc AM r
ev, (1 + cos)2 = ( 3sin)2 [eMÆ KGi] 2
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2 = 3 sin2 [OA eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OM ‰i Dci jÁ¼]
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2  3(1  cos2) = 0 2
=

mgGKvY|
ev, 1 + 2cos + cos2  3 + 3cos2 = 0
ˆhGnZz mgGKvY I  aË‚eK ˆmGnZz  ‰KwU aË‚eK ˆKvY|
ev, 4cos2 + 2cos  2 = 0
(cÉgvwYZ)
ev, 2cos2 + cos  1 = 0 N

ev, 2cos2 + 2cos  cos  1 = 0 M wPGò OPN−‰ PN  OP



ev, 2cos(cos + 1)  1(cos + 1) = 0  OPN = 1 mgGKvY O M
P

ev, (cos + 1)(2cos  1) = 0 ‰Lb OPN mgGKvYx wòfzGR N

PN OP
nq, cos + 1 = 0 A^ev, 2cos – 1 = 0 sin =
ON
‰es cos = ON
1
ev, cos  = 1 ev, cos  = 2 PN OP
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ON + ON = 2
ev, cos  = cos 180 ev, cos  = cos60   = 60
ev, sin + cos = 2
  = 180, hv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, KviY  mƒßGKvY|
ev, sin – 2 = – cos
 wbGYÆq gvb:  = 60
ev, (sin – 2)2 = (– cos)2
cÉk²  87 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 ev, sin2 – 2 2 sin + 2 = cos2
N ev, sin2 – 2 2 sin + 2 = 1 – sin2
ev, 2sin2 – 2 2sin + 1 = 0
wPGò O e†îwUi ˆK±`Ê O

M
ev, ( 2sin – 1)2 = 0
P
ev, 2sin – 1 = 0
‰es OM = Pvc MN
ev, 2sin = 1
1
ev, sin =
K.  ˆK wWwMÉGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| 4 ev, sin = sin45
PN OP   = 45 (Ans.)
M.  ‰i ˆKvb gvGbi RbÅ ON + ON = 2 nGe, ˆhLvGb 0
cÉk²  88 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
<  < 2π Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4
Z
87 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K cÉ`î wPGò  ‰KwU ˆiwWqvb ˆKvY
  A
b
Avgiv Rvwb, c = 180 a
180 
1 =c  
 C
B
X
180 
 c =  K. sec-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
   (Ans.)
A L. a = 1 ‰es b = 2 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 N
cos3 = 4cos3 – 3cos 4
OM = Pvc MN| myZivs O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡
M. a + b2 – a2 = 2b nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
AMN e†Gî MON ‰KwU ˆiwWqvb
 M
O
88 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆKvY| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh MON 5 D
A^Ævr  ‰KwU aË‚e ˆKvY| K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, AB = a,
 Z
AC = b A
Aâb: OM ˆiLvsGki Dci OA jÁ¼ AuvwK|
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR 
cÉgvY: OA jÁ¼ e†Gîi cwiwaGK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 b
1 r
ZvnGj Pvc AM= cwiwai ‰K-PZz^Ævsk = 4  2r = 2 ev, BC2 = AC2  AB2 a
2 2
‰es Pvc MN = OM = eÅvmvaÆ r  BC = b a

C
MON Pvc MN AC b B
X
=
AOM Pvc AM  sec  =
BC
= (Ans.)
b2  a2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 29
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = 1 ‰es b = 2
 L DóxcK ˆ^GK cvB, sec = BC

AC
A
AB a 1
ABC-‰ cos = = = [‹ AB = a, AC = b]
AC b 2 jÁ¼ AB
tan =
  f„wg = BC
ev, cos = cos 3   = 3
(AC) + (AB 5
2 2 
BC ) 3
 ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, BC = B C
evgcÞ = cos 3 = cos 3.3 = cos =  1
5
1 3 1 ev, sec2 + tan2 = 3
WvbcÞ = 4 cos3  3 cos = 4. 2 ()  3.
2
ev, 1 + tan2 + tan2 = 3
5
1 3 1 3 13
= 4.  =  = =1
8 2 2 2 2 ev, 3 + 6 tan2 = 5
 cos3 = 4cos3  3cos (cÉgvwYZ) 2
ev, 6tan2 = 2 ev, tan2 = 6
M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = b  a
 2 2
1 1
BC ev, tan2 = 3 ev, tan = 
ABC- ‰ sin =
AC
3

b2  a2
tan ‰i abvZ½K wPn× wbGq cvB,
AB a
 sin= [ AC = b] ‰es cos = = [ AB = a] 1
b AC b tan = = tan30 [‹  mƒßGKvY]
3
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a + b2 – a2 = 2b
  = 30 (Ans.)
a b2 – a2 2b C
ev, b + b
=
b M ABC-‰ B = 90

ev, cos + sin = 2 ‰es C =  = 30 [‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦] 

ev, cos = 2  sin  A + B + C = 180

ev, cos2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2 ev,  + 90 + 30 = 180 B

A

ev, 1  sin2 = 2  2 2 sin + sin2 ev,  = 180  (90 + 30)

  = 60
ev, 2sin2  2 2sin + 1 = 0
1 3
ev, ( 2sin  1)2 = 0 ev, sin =  sin2 = sin(2  60) = sin(90 + 30) = cos30 =
2
2
3 1 3
ev, sin = sin45   = 45(Ans.) Avevi, 2sin cos = 2sin60.cos60 = 2. 2 . 2 = 2
cÉk²  89 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 2tan 2 tan60 2. 3
‰es 1 + tan2 = 1 + tan260 =
A 1 + ( 3)2

2 3 2 3 3
= = =
1+3 4 2
2 tan
 sin2 = 2sin.cos =
1 + tan2
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)

B C
cÉk²  90 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
K. – 700 ‰i AeÕ©vb ˆKvb PZzfÆvGM AvGQ, wPòmn wbYÆq B
Ki| 2
3 1
AC 2AB 5 2
L. BC  + BC  = 3 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 
    A C
O
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh,
2tan
sin2 = 2sincos =
1 + tan2
4
D
89 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K  700 =  630  70

Y
O ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gî ABCD ‰KwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZzfÆyR|
=  7  90  70 K.  ‰i e†îxq gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
 700 ˆKvYwU FYvñK ˆKvY X X L. ABC ‰i ˆÞGò ˆ`LvI ˆh,
nIqvq Nwoi KuvUvi w`GK 7 –700 cos(B + C) = cosB cosC – sinB sinC. 4
mgGKvY Nyivi ci ‰KB w`GK M. ABCD hw` ‰KwU e†îvKvi PvKv nq ‰es PvKvwU cÉwZ
AviI 70 ˆKvY NyiGZ nGqGQ| Y
ˆmGKG´£ 10 evi AvewZÆZ nq, ZvnGj PvKvwUi MwZGeM
  700 ˆKvYwUi AeÕ©vb cÉ^g PZzfÆvGM| (Ans.) N¥Ÿvq KZ nGe? 4

SSC DœPZi MwYZ ˆgBW BwR Dîicò-6K

30 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
90 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb =
a2cos2 b2sin2
+
a2 b2
AB
K DóxcGKi wPò ˆ^GK cvB, tan ACB = BC
 2 2
= cos  + sin 
= 1 (Ans.)
3
ev, tan = 1 ev, tan = 3 L ˆ`Iqv
 AvGQ, P  Q = c
ev, a cos  b sin = c
ev, tan = tan 60   = 60

ev, (a cos  b sin)2 = c2 [eMÆ KGi]
Avgiv Rvwb, 1 = 180 ˆiwWqvb ev, a2cos2  2.a cos.b sin + b2sin2 = c2
  60  ev, a2(1  sin2)  2ab cossin + b2(1  cos2) = c2
 60 = = ˆiwWqvb (Ans.)
180 3 ev, a2  a2sin2  2ab cossin + b2  b2cos2 = c2
L DóxcK ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,
 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = a2sin2 + 2.a sin.b cos + b2cos2
ABC-‰i, B = ‰K mgGKvY = 90 ev, a2 + b2  c2 = (a sin + b cos)2
‰es C = 60 [‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦] ev, (a sin + b cos)2 = a2 + b2  c2
3  a sin + b cos =  a2 + b2  c2 (cÉgvwYZ)
evgcÞ = cos(B + C) = cos(90 + 60) =  sin60 =  2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a2 = 3

WvbcÞ = cosB cosC  sinB sinC b2 = 7
= cos90.cos60  sin90.sin60 ‰es Q2 + P2 = 4
3
= 0.cos60  1. = 
3 ‰Lb, Q2 + P2 = 4
2 2 ev, b2sin2 + a2cos2 = 4 [ˆ`Iqv AvGQ]
 cos (B + C) = cosB cosC  sinB sinC. (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, 7sin2 + 3cos2 = 4 [a2 I b2 ‰i gvb ewmGq]
M DóxcK ˆ^GK cvB, AB = 3 ‰KK ‰es BC = 1 ‰KK
 ev, 7(1  cos2) + 3cos2 = 4
 AC = AB2 + BC2 = ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 3+1= 4= ev, 7  7cos2 + 3cos2 = 4
2 ev, 4cos2 = 3
myZivs e†îvKvi PvKvi eÅvm = AC = 2 ‰KK 3
ev, cos2 = 4
2
 ” ” eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ‰KK = 1 ‰KK 1 3
ev, sec2 = 4
 e†îvKvi PvKvwUi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
4
= 2  3.1416  1 ‰KK ev, sec2 = 3
= 6.2832 ‰KK 4
ev, 1 + tan2 = 3
Avgiv Rvwb,
4
e†îvKvi PvKv 1 evi NyGi Zvi cwiwai mgvb `ƒiZ½ AwZKÌg ev, tan2 = 3  1
KGi| 43
 PvKvwU 1 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌg KGi 10  6.2832 ‰KK `ƒiZ½ ev, tan2 = 3
 PvKvwU 1 N´Ÿv ev 3600 ˆmGKG´£ AwZKÌg KGi (10  1
ev, tan2 = 3
6.2832  3600) ” = 226195.2 ”
1
myZivs PvKvwUi MwZGeM N´Ÿvq 226195.2 ‰KK| (Ans.)  tan =  (cÉgvwYZ)
3
cÉk²  91 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
cÉk²  92 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
P = a cos ‰es Q = bsin. sin − cos + 1
P2 Q2 gGb Ki, P = sin + cos − 1 ‰es Q = sec + tan
K. a2 + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
K. tan10x = cot5x nGj, x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. P − Q = c nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P = Q 4
asin + bcos =  a2 + b2 − c2. 4
M. hw` Q = 3 ‰es 0 <  < 2 nq, ZGe  ‰i gvb wbYÆq
M. a2 = 3, b2 = 7 ‰es Q2 + P2 = 4 nGj,
1
Ki| 4
cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan =  4 92 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
3
91 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan10x = cot5x

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = a cos ‰es Q = b sin
 ev, tan10x = tan(90 – 5x)
P2 Q2 ev, 10x = 90 – 5x
cÉ`î ivwk = a2 + b2 ev, 10x + 5x = 90
=
(a cos)2 (b sin)2
+
ev, 15x = 90
a2 b2  x = 6 (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 31
sin – cos + 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = sin + cos – 1
 L O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ ABCD e†Gî ABCD PZzfÆyRwU A¯¦wjÆwLZ|

 A + C = 180 [e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ PZyfzÆGRi wecixZ
sin cos 1 
cos ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 180]
cos – cos + cos
=
sin cos 1  ‰es B + D = 180
cos 
cos + cos – cos ‰Lb, evgcÞ = tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD
tan – 1 + sec = tanA + tan(180  D) + tan (180  A) + tanD
=
tan + 1 – sec = tanA + tan(2  90  D) + tan (2  90  A) + tanD
tan + sec – (sec2 – tan2) = tanA  tanD  tanA + tanD [‹ 2q PZz^ÆfvGM tan FYvñK]
=
1 – sec + tan = 0 = WvbcÞ
sec + tan – (sec + tan)(sec – tan)
=
1 – sec + tan
 tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)

=
(sec + tan) (1 − sec + tan) M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, sec  + cos  = x ... ... ... ... (i)

1 − sec + tan AC 2
= sec + tan ‰LvGb, sec = BC = 1 = 2 [ AC = 2 ‰es BC = 1]
= Q [ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec + tan] BC 1
Avevi, cos = AC = 2
P=Q (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = sec + tan
 sec ‰es cos ‰i gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
1 4+1 5
kZÆgGZ, Q = 3 2 + = x ev,
2 2
=x x=
2
ev, cosec + cot = 3 [ Q = 3] 5
ev, cosec = 3 – cot  wbGYÆq x ‰i gvb
2
ev, cosec2 = 3 – 2 3 cot + cot2 5
‰Lb, (i) bs ˆ^GK, sec + cos = 2
ev, 1 + cot2 – 3 + 2 3cot – cot2 = 0
ev, 2 3 cot – 2 = 0 1 5
ev, cos  + cos  = 2
2 1
ev, cot = ev, cot = 1 + cos2  5
2 3 3 ev, cos  = 2
   4
ev, cot = cot 3 = cot  + 3 = cot 3 = cot 3 ev, 2cos2  + 2 = 5cos 
= ,
 4 ev, 2cos2   5cos + 2 = 0
3 3
4
ev, 2cos2   4cos  cos  + 2 = 0
wK¯§  = 3 ‰i RbÅ cÉ`î mgxKiYwU wm«¬ nq bv| ev, 2cos  (cos   2)  1 (cos   2) = 0
  (2cos   1) (cos   2) = 0
 wbGYÆq mgvavb,  =
3 nq, 2cos   1 = 0 A^ev, cos   2 = 0
cÉk²  93 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 ev, 2cos  = 1  cos  = 2
1
3
B ev, cos  = 2
1
 
A C ev, cos  = cos 3
O

D =
3
DGÍÏwLZ wPGòi AvGjvGK wbGÁ²i cÉGk²i Dîi `vI:
wK¯§, cos   2 KviY, cos  ‰i gvb 1 AGcÞv e†nîi nGZ
K. wPGò O e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê nGj AC wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD = 0. 4 cvGi bv|

M. sec + cos = x nGj x-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki I  wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 3 (Ans.)
mgxKiYwUi mgvavb Ki| 4
93 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  94 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
A
K wPGò B ˆKvYwU AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY|

Avgiv Rvwb, AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY 1 mgGKvY|  B = 90 1
Avevi, ABC-‰ B = 90

 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR| B

C
 cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi, AC2 = AB2 + BC2 x2 + 1
ev, AC2 = ( 3)2 + 12 K. sin( + ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, AC2 = 3 + 1 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, (sin + cos)2 = 1 + 2
ev, AC2 = 4 sin.cos 4
 AC = 2 ‰KK (Ans.) M. x + x2 + 1 = 3 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
32 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi, ABC-‰ A = 90, B =  ‰es C = 
 3
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, tan = 4 ‰es cos FYvñK

 A + B + C = 180
ev, 90 +  +  = 180 1 1
Avgiv Rvwb, sec = cos = AB [ˆhGnZz, cos FYvñK]
ev,  +  = 180  90 –
AC
  +  = 90
AC –5
 sin( + ) = sin90 = 1 (Ans.) =– =
AB 4
L cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi, AB = ( x2 + 1)2  12 = x
 –5
 sec = (Ans.)
x 1 4
 sin = 2 ‰es cos = 2
x +1 x +1 BC –3
x 1 2 L ‘K’ nGZ, sin = AC = 5

 evgcÞ = (sin + cos)2 =  2 + 2 
 x + 1 x + 1 [ˆhGnZz, tan abvñK, ZvB sin I cos DfGqB FYvñK nGe]
x + 1 2 (x + 1)2
= 2  = 2 Avgiv Rvwb,
 x + 1 x + 1 C
x 1 1 1 –5
WvbcÞ = 1 + 2sin.cos = 1 + 2. 2 . 2 cosec = = = 3 32 + 4 2 = 5
sin –3 3
x +1 x +1 5 
2x x2 + 1 + 2x (x + 1)2
=1+ 2 = = 2 1 1 4 B 4 A
x +1 x2 + 1 x +1 Avevi, cot = tan = 3 = 3
2
 (sin + cos) = 1 + 2sin.cos (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 4
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x + x2 + 1 = 3
 1
myZivs (cosec – cot)2 = cosec – cot
x 3
ev, +1= –5 4 –5 – 4
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 = – =
3 3 3
[Dfq cÞGK x2 + 1 «¼viv fvM KGi]
–9
ev, sin + 1 = 3 cos [‘L’ nGZ cvB] =
3
= –3 (Ans.)
ev, sin(90  ) + 1 = 3 cos(90  ) [‘K’ nGZ cvB] 4 5
ev, cos + 1 = 3 sin M ‘K’ I ‘L’ nGZ, cos = –5 , sec = –4,

ev, cos2 + 2cos + 1 = ( 3 sin)2 3 3
sin = – ‰es tan =
[DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi cvB] 5 4
ev, cos  + 2cos + cos  + sin  = 3sin 
2 2 2 2 sin + cos(–)
myZivs, sec(–) + tan
ev, 2cos  + 2cos = 2sin 
2 2

ev, cos2 + cos = sin2 [2 «¼viv fvM KGi] sin + cos

= [ cos(–) = cos, sec(–) = sec]
sec + tan
ev, cos  + cos = 1  cos 
2 2
3 4 –3 – 4 –7
ev, 2cos2 + cos  1 = 0 – –
5 5 5 5 7 4 14
ev, 2cos2 + 2cos  cos  1 = 0 = = = =  =
5 3 –5 + 3 –2 5 2 5
– +
ev, 2cos (cos + 1)  1(cos + 1) = 0 4 4 4 4
 (cos + 1) (2cos  1) = 0 sin + cos(–) 14
 = (cÉgvwYZ)
nq, cos = 1 A^ev, 2cos = 1 sec(–) + tan 5
1
ev, cos = cos180 ev, cos = 2 cÉk²  96 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
  = 180 ev, cos = cos60 A
  = 60
 = 180 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY  mƒßGKvY| P(x,y)
r
  = 60 (Ans.) y

cÉk²  95 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 O
x M
X

tan =
3
‰es cos FYvñK| K. x = y nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, r = 2x. 2
4
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sce2 – tan2 = 1. 4
K. sec ‰i gvb KZ? 2
2y2 3x
1 M. – 2 = 0 nGj  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
x2 + y2 x + y2
L. (cosec – cot)2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4

M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin + cos (–) = 14 4 (hLb 0 <  < ). 4
sec (–) + tan 5 2
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 33
96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K POM mgGKvYx wòfzGR, OP = OM + PM
 2 2 2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = a

P
ev, r2 = x2 + y2 ev, (cosec + cot) (cosec  cot) = a.(cosec cot)
ev, r2 = x2 + x2 [‹ x = y] r y ev, cosec2  cot2 = a.(cosec  cot)
ev, r2 = 2x2
 r = 2 x (cÉgvwYZ)
 ev, 1 = a(cosec  cot) [ cosec2 – cot2 = 1]
O x M
1
L POM ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR|
  cosec  cot =
a
(Ans.)
hvi f„wg, OM = x; jÁ¼, PM = y ‰es AwZfyR, OP = r
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, cot + cosec = a

cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, sec2  tan2 = 1 A
a2  1 (cot + cosec)2  (cosec2  cot2)
wPò ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB, WvbcÞ = a2 + 1 = (cot + cosec)2 + (cosec2  cot2)
P(x, y)
AwZfzR r
sec = [‹ cosec2  cot2 = 1]
f„wg = x
r y cot2 + 2cot.cosec + cosec2  cosec2 + cot2
jÁ¼ y =
cot2 + 2cot.cosec + cosec2 + cosec2  cot2
tan = =
f„wg x  2cot2 + 2cot.cosec
O X
x M =
2cot.cosec + 2cosec2

(xr )  (yx)
2 2
 sec2  tan2 = cos2 cos 1
2 2 +2 .
sin  sin sin
r2 y2 r2  y2 =
cos 1 1
=  =
x2 x2 x2 2. . + 2. 2
2 2 2
sin sin sin 
x +y y
=
x2
[‘K’ nGZ cvB, r2 = x2 + y2] cos 1
2cos 2 + 2 
x 2 sin  sin 
= 2 =1 =
cos 1
x 2 2 + 2 
 sec2  tan2 = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
sin  sin 
= cos = evgcÞ
jÁ¼ y y
M wPò ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB, sin =
 = [‘K’ nGZ]
AwZfyR r = x2 + y2  cos =
a2  1
(cÉgvwYZ)
a2 + 1
f„wg x x
cos =
AwZfzR = r = x2 + y2 [‘K’ nGZ] M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, cos = a2 + 1

a2  1
2y2 3x
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, x2 + y2  =0
x2 + y2  sin = 1  cos2
y
  3 2x 2 = 0
2
ev, 2 a2  12
 x +y
2 2 = 1 2
x +y a + 1
ev, 2sin2  3cos = 0 a4  2a2 + 1
= 1
ev, 2(1  cos2)  3cos = 0 a4 + 2a2 + 1
ev, 2  2cos2  3cos = 0 a4 + 2a2 + 1  a4 + 2a2  1
=
ev, 2cos2 + 3cos  2 = 0 a4 + 2a2 + 1
ev, 2cos2 + 4cos  cos  2 = 0  2cos  1 = 0 4a2 2a
= =
ev, 2cos(cos + 2)  1(cos + 2) = 0 ev, 2cos = 1 (a2 + 1)2 a2 + 1
ev, (cos + 2) (2cos  1) = 0 1
ev, cos = 2 evgcÞ = (a2 + 1)cos + (a2 + 1)sin
 cos + 2 = 0 = (a2 + 1) (cos + sin)

ev, cos = 2 [hv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq, ev, cos = cos 3 2
a 1 2a 
= (a2 + 1) 
KviY, 1  cos  1] 
a2 + 1 + a2 + 1
  = (Ans.) a2  1 + 2a
3
= (a2 + 1) 
 a2 + 1 
cÉk²  97 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 = a2  1 + 2a
hw` cot + cosec = a nq = a2 + 2a + 1  2
K. cosec – cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 = (a + 1)2  2
2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos = a2 – 1 4 = WvbcÞ
a +1
 (a + 1) cos + (a2 + 1) sin = (a + 1)2  2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
2
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (a2 + 1) cos + (a2 + 1) sin = (a + 1)2 – 2 4
34 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  98 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk²  99 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
A
A

1 3

–
2
B D
5

 C
B 12 C
‰es P = cotB + cosecB – 1; Q = 1 + sinD
K. 2.0071c ˆK wWMÉxGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 cotB – cosecB + 1 cosD
L. mKj AbycvGZi gvbGK abvñK weGePbvq wbGq K. ABCD e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cos(B – D) = cosB cosD + sinB sinD. 4
DóxcGKi wfwîGZ sin(–) + cos(–) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
sec(–) + tan M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P = Q| 4
M. wbRÕ¼ wPò eÅenvi KGi ‰i A wPwn×Z ˆKvGYi 99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZmgƒn wbYÆq Ki| 4 
K ABCD e†îwUGZ BAD ‰K mgGKvY
98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  BAD AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY
K 2.0071c
 myZivs, BD e†îwUi eÅvm
180 ABD-‰
= 2.0071  ˆKbbv 1c = 180 BD2 = AB2 + AD2
   
= 114.998 = 115 (cÉvq) ev, BD2 = 12 + 32
A ev, BD = 1 + 3
L wPò nGZ,

 BD = 2
AB 5 BD 2
sin = =  eÅvmvaÆ, r = = = 1 (Ans.)
AC 13 52 + 122 = 13 2 2
BC 12 5
cos = = AB 1
AC 13 L ABD-‰, cosB = BD = 2
 A
1 1 13 3
sec = = =  AD 3
cos 12 12 cosD = = 1
B 12 C BD 2
13 B D
AD 3 2
AB 5 sinB = =
tan = = BD 2
BC 12
5 12 7 AB 1 C
 + sinD = =
sin() + cos() sin + cos 13 13 13 BD 2
‰Lb, sec() + tan
=
sec + tan
=
13 5
=
18 1 
+ Avevi, cosB = 2 = cos3
12 12 12
7 12 14 
=  = (Ans.) B=
13 18 39 3
3 
M ABC ‰i ˆÞGò Avgiv cvB,
 cosD =
2
= cos
6
 x
sin   = = cos D=

2  r C 6
 y
cos   = = sin 
evgcÞ = cos(B  D) = cos 3  6 = cos6 = 2
  3
2  r 
y
 x WvbcÞ = cosB.cosD + sinB.sinD
tan   = = cot r
x
2  y
1 3 3 1
= . + . [gvb ewmGq cvB]

 2 2 2 2
2
x A y B x 3 3
= +
4 4
y
3+ 3
  =
‰KBfvGe, cosec    = sec, sec   = cosec 4
2  2  2 3 3
 = =
‰es cot2   = tan (Ans.) 4 2
 cos(B  D) = cosB.cosD + sinB sinD (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 35
  1 sin 1
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦, B = 3 , D = 6
 ev, cos – cos =
3
  1 – sin 1
cotB + cosecB  1
cot + cosec  1
3 3 ev, cos =
evgcÞ =P=
cotB  cosecB + 1
=
 
3
cot  cosec + 1
3 3 ev, 3 (1 – sin) = cos
1 2 1+2 3 ev, 3(1 – 2sin + sin2) = cos2 [eMÆ KGi]
+ 1
3 3 3 3 3 ev, 3  6sin + 3sin2 = 1  sin2
= = =
1

2
+1 1  2 + 3  1+ 3 ev, 4sin2  6sin + 2 = 0
3 3 3 ev, 2sin2 – 3sin + 1 = 0
=
3 ( 3  1)
= 3
ev, 2sin2 – 2sin – sin + 1 = 0
3 1 ev, 2sin(sin – 1) – 1(sin – 1) = 0
 1
1 + sin
6
1+
2
ev, (sin – 1) (2sin – 1) = 0
1 + sinD 3 2
WvbcÞ = Q = cosD = = =  = 3  A^ev, 2sin – 1 = 0
cos
 3 2 3 nq, sin = 1 = sin 2
6 2 1 
 ev, sin = 2 = sin 3
 P = Q (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)   = [‰wU MÉnYGhvMÅ bq|
2 
 =
cÉk²  100 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 KviY  mƒßGKvY] 3

A = 1 – sin, B = sec – tan ‰es C = 1 + sin.  wbGYÆq mgvavb,  = 3 (Ans.)
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, B = A sec 2
A
L. B = ( 3)–1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb  M evgcÞ = AC–1 = C

mƒÞÄGKvY| 4 1 – sin
=
1 + sin
[ A = 1 – sin ‰es 1 + sin]
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC–1 = B2 4
(1 – sin)(1 – sin) (1  sin)2
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = =
(1 + sin)(1 – sin) 1  sin2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = 1  sin
 (1 – sin)2 1 – sin2
= =
1 sin 1 – sin cos2  cos 
B = sec – tan = – =
cos cos cos 1 sin 2
= –  = (sec – tan)2
= (1 – sin).
1
= A.sec [ A = 1 – sin]
cos cos
cos = B2 [ B = sec – tan]
 B = A.sec (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = WvbcÞ
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = 1  sin, B = ( 3)

–1
 AC–1 = B2 (cÉgvwYZ)
1
ev, sec – tan = [ B = sec – tan]
3
36 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 9: mƒPKxq I jMvwi`gxq dvskb

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  54 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 Dƒ = kZÆ (i) I (ii) ‰ cÉvµ¦ ˆWvGgGbi msGhvM
4+x = ( 4, 4)  
a = xyp – 1, b = xyq – 1, c = xyr – 1 ‰es ƒ(x) = ln = (4, 4)
4–x

K. (16)2x = 4x + 1 nGj, x = KZ? 2 ˆié : y = ƒ(x) = n 4 + x

4x
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 4+x
ev, e =
y

(q – r) logk a + (r – p) logk b + (p – q) logkc = 0. 4 4x

M. ƒ(x) = ln
4+x
dvskGbi ˆWvGgb I ˆié wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 4 + x = 4ey  xey
4–x
ev, x + xey = 4ey  4
54 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, x(1 + ey) = 4(ey  1)
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, (16)2x = 4x + 1
 y
ev, x = 4(ey  1)
e +1
ev, (42)2x = 4x + 1
ev, 44x = 4x + 1 y ‰i mKj evÕ¦e gvGbi RbÅ x ‰i gvb evÕ¦e nq|
ev, 4x = x + 1  cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆié Rƒ = Ñ
ev, 3x = 1 Ans. ˆWvGgb Dƒ = ( 4, 4) ‰es ˆié Rƒ = Ñ
1 cÉk²  55 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
x= (Ans.)
3
ax = by = cz, ˆhLvGb a ≠ b ≠ c.
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, a = xy , b = xy , c = xy
 p1 q1 r1
p
K. hw` Pp = (p p)p nq, ZGe p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
evgcÞ = (q  r)logka + (r  p)logkb + (p  q)logkc
= logkaq  r + logkbr  p + logkcp  q L. hw` ab = c nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1 + 1 = 2.
2
4
x y z
= logk(xyp  1)q  r + logk(xyq  1)r  p + logk(xy r  1)p  q 1 1 1 3
M. abc = 1 nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 3 + 3 + 3 = . 4
= logkxq  r + logky(p  1)(q  r) + logkxr  p + logky(q  1)(r  p) x y z xyz
+ logkxp  q + logky(r  1)(p  q) 55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= logk(xq  r.xr  p.xp  q) + logk{y(p  1)(q  r).y(q 1)(r  p).
K cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-9.1 ‰i D`vniY-10 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-184

y(r  1) (p  q)}
= logk(x qr+rp+pq
) + logk(y pq  pr  q + r + qr  pq  r + p + pr L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-9.1 ‰i D`vniY-11 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-184

 qr  p + q
) M awi, ax = by = cz = k [k a˂eK]

= logkx0 + logky0 = logk1 + logk1 = 0 = WvbcÞ 1 1 1
 a = kx , b = ky ‰es c = kz
 (q – r)logka + (r – p) logkb + (p – q) logkc = 0
(cÉgvwYZ) ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, abc = 1
1 1 1
4+x ev, kx . ky . kz = 1
M awi,
 y = ƒ(x) = n
1 1 1
4x + +
ev, kx y z = k0 [ k0 = 1]
ˆhGnZz jMvwi`g ÷aygvò abvñK evÕ¦e msLÅvi RbÅ msævwqZ
ev, 1 + 1 + 1 = 0
nq, ˆmGnZz, 4 + x > 0 hw` (i) 4 + x > 0 ‰es 4  x > 0 nq x y z
4x
1 1 1
A^ev (ii) 4 + x < 0 ‰es 4  x < 0 nq  + =
x y z
kZÆ (i) nGZ cvB, x >  4 ‰es  x >  4 Nb KGi cvB, 1 + 1
3 3

x<4 (x y) = ( 1z)
 ˆWvGgb = {x :  4 < x}  { x : x < 4} ev, 1 + 1 + 3(1 + 1) 1 .1 =  1
3 3 3
= ( 4, )  (– , 4) x y x y x y z
= (  4, 4) ev, 13 + 13 + 3 1  1 .1 =  13
kZÆ (ii) nGZ cvB, x <  4 ‰es  x <  4
x y z x y z
1 1 3 1
x>4 ev, 3 + 3  = 3
x y xyz z
 ˆWvGgb = {x : x <  4}  {x : x > 4} =  1 1 1 3
 3+ 3+ 3= (cÉgvwYZ)
 cÉ`î dvskGbi ˆWvGgb x y z xyz
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 37
a2–ac–b2+bc b2–ab–c2+ac c2–bc–a2+ab
cÉk²  56 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 =x .x .x
2 2 2 2 2 2
xa
x b
x c = xa –ac–b +bc+b –ab–c +ac+c –bc–a +ab
P= , Q = c ‰es R = a
xb x x = x = 1
K. Q = 1 nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, b = c. 2  Pa+b–c.Qb+c–a.Rc+a–b = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv
nGjv)
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P a+b–c
.Q b+c–a
.R c+a–b
= 1. 4 M
 (a2
+ ab + b 2
) logk p + (b 2
+ bc + c2
)log kQ
+ (c2 + ca + a2)logkR
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (a2 + ab + b2) logk P+(b2 + bc + c2) logk a
x xb
Q + (c2 + ca + a2) logk R = 0. 4 2 2 2
= (a + ab + b ) logkx + (b + bc + c ) logkxc
b 2

56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb xc
b
+ (c2 + ca + a2) logkxa
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Q = xc = xb–c
 = (a2 + ab + b2) logkx
a–b
+ (b2 + bc + c2) log xb–c
x k
c–a
hw` Q = 1 nq, ZGe xb–c = 1 + (c2 + ca + a2) logkx
ev, xb–c = x0 ev, b – c = 0  b = c (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = (a – b)(a + ab + b ) logkx + (b + bc + c2)(b – c) logkx
2 2 2

+ (c2 + ca + a2)(c – a)logkx

L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Pa+b–c. Qb+c–a. Rc+a–b
 = (a – b ) logkx + (b – c ) logkx + (c3 – a3) logkx
3 3 3 3

xa a+bc
xb b+c–a
xc c+a–b
= (a3 – b3 + b3 – c3 + c3 – a3) logkx
=
() () ()
xb xc xa = 0.logkx = 0
= (xa–b)a+bc. (xb–c)b+c–a. (xc–a)c+a–b  (a2 + ab + b2) logkP + (b2 + bc + c2)logkQ
2+ab–ac–ab–b2+bc 2+bc–ab–bc–c2+ac 2+ac–bc–ac–a2+ab
= xa . xb . xc + (c2 + ca + a2) logkR = 0 (cÉgvwYZ)
38 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 10: w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  38 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3
3 5
( x) 5
M. x-‰i NvGZi Ea»ÆKÌgvbymvGi A 1 + 3 ˆK x5 chƯ¦
P= x+( ) ‰es Q = (1 + ax)
x
6
`yBwU w«¼c`x ivwk, ˆhLvGb a  0. weÕ¦‡Z KGi 1.01  (0.9999)5 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. Q ‰i gaÅc` wbYÆq Ki| 2 39 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. cÅvmGKGji wòfzR eÅenvi KGi P ‰i weÕ¦‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| 4  x 4

M. Q ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x ‰es x ‰i mnM ciÕ·i mgvb nGj

2 4
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = 1  3 ( )
a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 cÅvmGKGji wòfyGRi mvnvGhÅ
1
38 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1
K cÉ`î w«¼c`x ivwk, Q = (1 + ax)6
 1 2 1
w«¼c`x ivwkwUi NvZ 6, hv ˆRvo msLÅv| 1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
 gaÅc` (6 )
nGe 2 + 1 ev 4 Zg cG`i gvb|
 A= ( )
1
x 4

3
 cÉ`î weÕ¦‡wZi 4 ev (3 + 1) Zg c` = 6C3 (1)6  3(ax)3
x x 2 x x 3 4
=
6.5.4 3 3
a x = 20a3x3 (Ans.) = 1 + 4.( ) + 6.( ) + 4. ( ) + ( )
1.2.3 3 3 3 3
3 5 4 2 4 3 x4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, P = x + x
 ( ) = 1  x + x2 
3 3 27
x +
81
(Ans.)

cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ cvB, L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, p = 1, q = 2


1 B = (p + qx)6 = (1 + 2x)6
1 1 ‰es C = (q  px)7 = (2  x)7
1 2 1 w«¼c`x DccvG`Åi mvnvGhÅ cvB
1 3 3 1
6
1
1
5
4
10
6
10
4
5
1
1
()
B = (1 + 2x)6 = 1 + 1 .2x + (62).(2x) + (63).(2x)
2 3

6 6
+ (4)(2x) + (5)(2x) + (2x)
4 5 6
( ) = x + 5.(x) ( ) + 10.(x) .(3x)
3 3
5 1 2
5 51 52
 P= x+ .
x x
= 1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + 240x4 + 192x5 + 64x6
3 3 3 3 4 5
+ 10.(x) .( ) + 5.(x) .( ) + ( )
53 54
7 7
3
x
9
x x
27 81 243
() ()
Avevi, C = (2  x)7 = 27 + 1 .26.(x)1 + 2 .25.(x)2
= x5 + 5.x4. + 10.x3. 2 + 10.x2. 3 + 5x. 4 + 5 7 7 7
x x
270 405
x
243
x x
() () ()
+ 3 .24. (– x)3 + 4 23(x)4 + 5 22(x)5
= x5 + 15x3 + 90x + + 3 + 5 (Ans.) 7
M w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZi mvnvGhÅ cvB,

x x x
()
+ 6 .2(x)6 + (x)7
= 128  448x + 672x2  560x3 + 280x4  84x5 + 14x6  x7
Q = (1 + ax)6
 BC = (1 + 2x)6(2  x)7
6
( ) (62)(ax) + (63)(ax) + (64) (ax)
= 1 + 1 ax + 2 3 4
= (1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160x3 + 240x4 + 192x5 + 64x6)(128
 448x + 672x2  560x3 + 280x4  84x5 + 14x6  x7)
6
+ (5)(ax) + (ax) 5 6
= 128 + 1088x + 2976x2 + 1104x3  7080x4  5748x5
= 1 + 6ax + 15a2x2 + 20a3x3 + 15a4x4 + 6a5x5 +a6x6 + 9662x6 + 5879x7  9924x8  60x9 + 4992x10  2928x11
+ 704x12  64x13
‰LvGb, x2 ‰es x4 ‰i mnM h^vKÌGg 15a2 ‰es 15a4.
 x ‰i mnM 9662(Ans.)
6
cÉkg² GZ, 15a2 = 15a4
x 4
ev, 1 = a2
 a =  1 (Ans.)
M
 ( )
[we. `Ë. cÉk²vbymvGi A = 1.01 ev, 1  3 = 1.01 ‰i ˆÞGò
x 5

cÉk²  39 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 x ‰i gvb cvIqv hvq –0.00747 ‰es (1 + ) = (0.9999) 5
3
‰i ˆÞGò x ‰i gvb cvIqv hvq – 0.0003| `yB ˆÞGò x ‰i
A= (1  x3) , B = (p + qx) ‰es C = (q  px)
4 6 7

( x)
5
gvb wf®² nIqvq A 1 + 3 = 1.01  (0.9999)5 nGZ cvGi
K. cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ A ‰i weÕ¦‡wZ wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. p = 1, q = 2 nGj, BC ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x6 ‰i mnM wbYÆq bv| x ‰i mãwZcƒYÆ gvb cvIqvi ˆÞGò 1.01  (0.9999)5 ‰i
Ki| 4 cwieGZÆ 1.01  (0.9999)4 aGi mgvavb Kiv nGjv]
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 39
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = (1  x)(1 + px)6

( 3x) = (1  x3) (1 + 3x) (1 + 3x)
5 4 4
A 1+
= (1  x)
2 2
x x x x
4
= (1  ) (1 + ) = (1 + )(1  )
4
9 3 3 9  6 (px)0 + 6 (px)1 + 6 (px)2 + 6 (px)3 +........
() () () ()
 0 1 2 3 
w«¼c`x weÕ¦‡wZ eÅenvi KGi cvB, 6 6.5 2 2 6.5.4 3 3
x x2 4 x [
= (1 x) 1 + .px +
1 1.2
px +
1.2.3
p x + ..... ]
( )(1+
3
1
9 ) =( ) 1+
3 2 2
= (1 x)(1 + 6px + 15p x + 20 p x + ....) 3 3

x2 1 x2 2 x2 3 x2 4

= (1 + 6px + 15p2x2 + 20p3x3 + ... ...) + ( x  6px2 
[ ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ]
1+
4
1 9
+
4
2 9
+
4
3 9
+
9
15p2x3  20p3x4 .......)
4 6 8
= (1 + 3x)[1  49 x + 6.81x  4. 729x + 6561
2 x
] 8
 A = 1 + (6p  1)x + (15p2  6p)x2 + (20p3  15p2)x3 + ...
cÉkg² GZ, A = 1 + qx2 + ... ...
x 4 2 4 x
= (1 + )[1  x +
6561]
2 4 6
x  x +  1 + (6p – 1)x + (15p2 – 6p)x2 + (20p3 – 15p2)x3 + ... ...
3 9 27 729
4 2 4 6 x8 x 4 2 = 1 + 0.x + qx2 + ... ...
= 1  x2 + x4  x + +  x3 + x5 + ...
9 27 729 6561 3 27 81 DfqcvGki x I x2 ‰i mnM mgxK‡Z KGi cvB,
x x2 4 x 4 4 3 2 4 6p  1 = 0
 1+( )( )
3
1
9
= 1 +  x2 
3 9 27
x +
27
x
1
 p = (Ans.)
2 5 6
+ x + ......
81
(1)  6.16
2
x ‰es q = 15p2  6p = 15. 6
‰LvGb, 1 + 3 = 1.01
1 5 7
x = 15. 1= 1= (Ans.)
ev, 3 = 1.01 – 1  x = 0.03 36 12 12

‰Lb, DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.03 ewmGq cvB,

0.03 (0.03)2
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = (3  x) 1 + 2
 ( x) 8

} = 1 + 0.033  49 (0.03)
4
( 1+
3 ){ 1
9
2
= (3  x)
8
0
x
[( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2
0
+
8
1
x
2
1
+
8
2
x
2
2
+
8
3
x
2
3

]
+ .....
4 2 2
– (0.03)3 + (0.03)4 + (0.03)5 + ........ 8 x 8.7 x 8.7.6 x 2 3
27 27 81
ev, (1 + 0.01)(1  0.0001) = 1 + 0.01  0.0004 
4
[
= (3  x) 1.1 + . + . + . + ........
1 2 1.2 4 1.2.3 8 ]
2 3
= (3  x)(1 + 4x + 7x + 7x + ..........)
0.000004 + 0.0000000006 + ....
= (3 + 12x + 21x2 + 21x3 + ..........) + ( x  4x2  7x3
ev, 1.01  (0.9999)4 = 1.009596001
 7x4 – ......)
 1.01  (0.9999)4 = 1.0096 (Pvi `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦) (Ans.) 2 3
= 3 + 11x + 17x + 14x + ....................
cÉk²  40 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 x 8
x 8
 wbGYÆq weÕ¦‡wZ (3  x) 1 +
2 ( )
= 3 + 11x + 17x2 + 14x3 + ..
A = (1 – x) (1 + px)6 ‰es B = (3 – x) 1 + 2 ( ) `yBwU w«¼c`x ‰LvGb,
ivwk| 3  x = 2.9
K. p = – 3 nGj, (1 + px)6 ˆK cÅvmGKGji wòfzGRi mvnvGhÅ  x = 0.1
weÕ¦‡Z Ki| 2 ‰Lb DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.1 ewmGq cvB,
L. A = 1 + qx2 + ......... nGj p I q ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 0.1 8

M. x ‰i NvGZi Ea»ÆKÌgvbymvGi B ˆK x3 chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z KGi

(
(3  0.1) 1 +
2 ) = 3 + 11  0.1 + 17  (0.1) + 14 2

(0.1)3 +...
2.9  (1.05)8 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
40 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 2.9  (1.05)8 = 3 + 1.1 + 17  0.01 + 14  0.001 + .....
= 3 + 1.1 + 0.17 + 0.014 + ......
K cÅvmGKGji wòfyGRi mvnvGhÅ@

n = 0; 1 = 4.284 (wZb `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦)
8
n = 1; 1 1  2.9  (1.05) = 4.284 (Ans.)
n = 2; 1 2 1
n = 3; 1 3 3 1
cÉk²  41 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ 2016  cÉk² bs 2
n = 4; 1 4 6 4 1 ˆKvGbv avivi n-Zg c` Un = (1 + x)n – 2 AaÅvq 7 I 10 ‰i mg®¼Gq
n = 5; 1 5 10 10 5 1
n = 6;1 6 15 20 15 6 1
K. avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 2
 (1 + px)6 = (1  3x)6 [ p =  3] L. x ‰i Dci wK kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
= 1 + 6( 3x) + 15( 3x)2 + 20 ( 3x)3 cG`i mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe ‰es ˆmB mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
+ 15( 3x)4 + 6( 3x)5 + 1( 3x)6 M. avivwUi AÓ¡g c` wbYÆq Ki| DÚ cG`i weÕ¦‡wZGZ
= 1  18x + 135x2  540x3 + 1215x4  1458x5
+ 729x6 (Ans.) gaÅcG`i gvb 540 nGj, x ‰i gvb KZ nGe? 4
40 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
41 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A = (1  x)8

K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 B = (1 + x)7
n-Zg c`, Un = (1 + x)n  2  AB = (1  x)8(1 + x)7
1 (1  x)8 (1 + x)7 = (1  x) (1  x)7 (1 + x)7
n=1 nGj, cÉ^g c`, U1 = (1 + x)1  2 = (1 + x) 1 = (1 + x) = (1  x) (1  x2)7 = (1  x)
n=2 nGj, w«¼Zxq c`, U2 = (1 + x)2  2 = (1 + x)0 = 1 [( )7
0 ( x2)0 + (71) ( x ) + (27) ( x ) + (73) ( x ) + (74) ( x ) + ......]
2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4

n = 3 nGj, Z‡Zxq c`, U3 = (1 + x)3  2 = (1 + x)1 = (1 + x) 8 7

 (1  x) (1 + x) = (1  x) (1  x )
2 7

n = 4 nGj, PZz^Æ c`, U4 = (1 + x)4  2 = (1 + x)2 = (1  x) [1  7x + 21x  35x + 35x8  ......]

2 4 6
1
 avivwU nGjv: + 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x)2 + ..... (Ans.) = (1  7x2 + 21x4  35x6 + 35x8 + ........)
(1 + x)
+ ( x + 7x3  21x5 + 35x7  35x9 + .......)
L m†Rbkxj 37(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-393
 8 7 2 3 4 5
 (1  x) (1 + x) = 1  x  7x + 7x + 21x  21x
M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 6 7 8
 35x + 35x + 35x .........
n Zg c`, Un = (1 + x)n  2
∴ (1  x)8 (1 + x)7 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x7 ‰i mnM 35
 AÓ¡g (n = 8) c`, U8 = (1 + x)8  2 = (1 + x)6 (Ans.)
∴ x 7
‰i mnM 35
‰Lb, (1 + x)6 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ c`msLÅv nGe = 7wU|
cÉk²  43 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
6
( )
ˆhGnZz c`msLÅv = 7, ZvB gaÅc`wU nGe 2 + 1 ev, 4 Zg 1
+
1
+
1
3x − 1 (3x − 1)2 (3x − 1)3
+ ...... (
‰KwU aviv ‰es x − x2
k
)
8

c`
 (1 + x)6 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ 4 ev, (3 + 1) Zg c` ‰KwU w«¼c`x ivwk| AaÅvq 7 I 10 ‰i mg®¼Gq
6
= C3(1) 63 3
(x) = 20x 3 K. x = 1 nGj, avivwU wbYÆ q KGi cÉ v µ¦ avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ
cÉkv² bymvGi, 20x = 540
3 ˆei Ki| 2
540 L. "x" ‰i Dci ˆh kZÆ AvGivc KiGj avivwUi AmxgZK
ev, x3 = 20 ev, x3 = 27  x = 3 (Ans.)
mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe Zv wbYÆq KGi DÚ kZÆ mvGcGÞ avivwUi
cÉk²  42 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
A = (1 − x)8 ‰es B = (1 + x)7. M. ivwkwUi weÕ¦ w
‡ ZGZ x 2
‰i mnM 252 nGj ‘ k’ ‰i gvb wbYÆ q
K. B ˆK x4 chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z Ki| 2 Ki| 4
L. A ˆK PZz^Æ c` chƯ¦ weÕ¦‡Z Ki ‰es DÚ djvdj eÅenvi 43 bs cÉ Gk² i mgvavb
1 1 1
KGi (0.9)8 ‰i gvb Pvi `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦ wbYÆq Ki| 4  K cÉ`î avivwU, 3x – 1 + (3x – 1)2 + (3x – 1)3 + .........
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ x7 ‰i mnM 35. 4 x = 1 nGj avivwU,
42 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1 1
+ + + .......
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, B = (1 + x)7
 3.1 – 1 (3.1 – 1)2 (3.1 – 1)3
w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB, 1 1 1
= + 2 + 3 + .....
2 2 2
7 7 7 7
() () () ()
(1 + x)7 = 1 + 1 x + 2 x2 + 3 x3 + 4 x4 + ..... 1
22 1 2 1
= 1 + 7x +
7.6 2 7.6.5 3 7.6.5.4 4
x + x + x + ....... avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 = 22  1 = 2 (Ans.)
1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4
2 3 4 2
= 1 + 7x + 21x + 35x + 35x + ......... (Ans.)
1 1 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 L
 cÉ`î avivwU, 3x  1 + (3x  1)2 + (3x  1)3 + .........
A = (1  x)8
1
w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB, avivwUi 1g c`, a = 3x  1
8 8 8
() () ()
(1  x)8 = 1 + 1 (x) + 2 ( x)2 + 3 ( x)3 + ....... 1 1 1
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = (3x  1)2  3x  1 = (3x  1)2 
8.7 2 8.7.6
= 1  8x + x + ( x)3 + ......... 3x  1
1.2 1.2.3 1
= 1  8x + 28x2  56x3 + ........ (Ans.) 1
cÉkg² GZ, (1  x)8 = (0.9)8 =
3x  1
ev, 1  x = 0.9 avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe hw` |r| < 1 nq|
ev, 1  0.9 = x 1 1
A^Ævr,  
3x  1 < 1 ev,  1 < 3x  1 < 1
 x = 0.1
DÚ weÕ¦‡wZGZ x = 0.1 ewmGq cvB, 
1
<1
1
A^ev, 3x  1 > 1
8 2
(1  0.1) = 1  8(0.1) + 28(0.1)  56(0.1) + ......3 3x  1
 (0.9)8 = 1  0.8 + 0.28  0.056 + .......... ev, 3x  1 > 1 ev, 3x  1 < 1
= 0.424 [wZb `kwgK Õ©vb chƯ¦] (Ans.) ev, 3x  1 + 1 > 1 + 1 ev, 3x < 1 + 1
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 41
ev, 3x > 2 ev, 3x < 0 44 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2 x<0
x>
3
K Avgiv Rvwb, (1 + y)n ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ (n + 1) msLÅK c` AvGQ|

2 myZivs, (1 + p2)7 ‰i weÕ¦‡wZGZ (7 + 1) ev, 8wU c` AvGQ|
x>
3
A^ev x < 0 nGj avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡ ^vKGe| (Ans.)
(Ans.)
a
(1 + p2)7 w«¼c`xwUi ˆklc` = 7 (p2)7 (7 )
‰Lb, avivwUi AmxgZK mgwÓ¡, S = 1  r = 1.p14 = p14 (Ans.)
1 1 L 1g w«¼c`xwUGK weÕ¦‡wZ KGi,

3x  1 3x  1 7 7 7 7
=
1
1
= =
1
3x  1  1 3x  2
(Ans.) () () () ()
(1 + p2)7 = 0 (p2)0 + 1 (p2)1 + 2 (p2)2 + 3
3x  1 3x  1 7 7 7 7
M w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB,

() () () ()
(p2)3 + 4 (p2)4 + 5 (p2)5 + 6 (p2)6 + 7 (p2)7
7 7.6 4 7.6.5 6 7.6.5.4 8 7.6.5.4.3 10
2 = 1.1 + p2 + p + p + p + p
(x – xk ) = x +  81x .  –kx +  82x .  –kx
2
8 8 7
2
6
2
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4
+
1.2.3.4.5
7.6.5.4.3.2 12
p + 1.p14
8 –k 3 1.2.3.4.5.6
+  3x5.  2  +....... = 1 + 7p2 + 21p4 + 35p6 + 35p8 + 21p10 + 7p12 + p14 (Ans.)
  x
= x8 – 8kx5 +
8.7 6 k2 8.7.6 5 −k3
x. + .x . 6 + .....
M w«¼c`x Dccv`Å eÅenvi KGi cvB,

1.2 x4 1.2.3 x 6

(y + yk) = (y ) + (16) (y ) (ky) + (26) (y ) (ky)

2
2 2 6 2 5 2 4
3
56k
= x8 – 8kx5 + 28x2k2 – + ......
x 6 k 6 3 k 4
252 + (3) (y ) ( ) + (4) (y ) ( ) + ................
2 3 2 2

cÉk²gGZ, 28k2 = 252 ev, k2 = ev, k2 = 9  k =  3 (Ans.) y y

28 2 3
6 k 6 k 6 k
= y + (1) y . + (2) y . + (3) y .
12 10 8 6
cÉk²  44 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 y y y 2 3

4
6 k
+ (4) y . + ...............
6 4
k
(1 + p2)7, (
y2 +
y ) `yBwU w«¼c`x ivwk|
6 6 6
y
6
4

K. 1g w«¼c`xwUi c`msLÅv ‰es ˆklc` wbYÆq Ki| 2 = y + (1) ky + (2) k y + (3) k y + (4) k + ...
12 9 2 6 3 3 4

L. 1g w«¼c`xwU weÕ¦‡wZ Ki| 4 6

cÉkv² bymvGi, (3) k = 160 3

M. w«¼Zxq ivwki weÕ¦‡wZGZ y3-‰i mnM 160 nGj k-‰i gvb

6.5.4
wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 1.2.3 k3 = 160
ev, 20k3 = 160
ev, k3 = 8
 k = 2 (Ans.)
42 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 11: Õ©vbvâ RÅvwgwZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  94 mKj ˆevWÆ-2018  cÉk² bs 6 4x 5y
ev, 20 + 20 = 1 ev, 5 + 4 = 1
x y

(i) 5x + 4y  20 = 0 ‰es (ii) 4x  5y + 20 = 0 `yBwU mijGiLvi

QK KvMGR (4, 0) ‰es (0, 5) we±`y Õ©vcb KGi ˆhvM KGi (i)
mgxKiY|
bs ˆiLv cvB|
K. wPòmn ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvGYi msæv `vI| 2
QK KvMGR (5, 0) ‰es (0, 4) we±`y Õ©vcb KGi (ii) bs ˆiLv
L. Xvj wbYÆGqi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI ˆh, (i) bs I (ii) bs
cvB|
mijGiLv `yBwU ciÕ·Gii Dci jÁ¼ ‰es ˆjLwPGòi
xI y AÞ eivei Þz`Ë 5
gvaÅGg mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4 6 eMÆ Ni = 1 ‰KK
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (i) bs mijGiLvwU AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR 5
(0, 5)

Drc®² KGi Zvi ˆÞòdj 10 eMÆ ‰KK| 4 4

94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (0, 4)
3
K ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi (Skew lines) A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvY: `yBwU ŠbKZjxq
(ii) 2 (i)
ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvY ZvG`i ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU I Zvi DciÕ©
1
ˆKvGbv we±`y ˆ^GK AwâZ AciwUi mgv¯¦ivj ˆiLvi A¯¦MÆZ ( 5,
(4, 0)
ˆKvGYi mgvb| Avevi `yBwU ŠbKZjxq ˆiLvi cÉGZÅGKi 0)
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
mgv¯¦ivj `yBwU ˆiLv ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ Aâb KiGj H we±`yGZ
Drc®² ˆKvGYi cwigvYI ŠbKZjxq ˆiLv«¼Gqi A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvGYi
mgvb| ˆjLwPò nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq (i) I (ii) bs ˆiLv ciÕ·i jÁ¼|
D x y
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, (i) bs mijGiLv, 4 + 5 = 1

Q
C  (i) bs
ˆiLv x AÞGK A(4, 0) ‰es y AÞGK B(0, 5) we±`yGZ
A B
O P ˆQ` KGi| y

gGb Kwi, AB I CD `yBwU ŠbKZjxq ˆiLv| ˆhGKvGbv O B(0, 5)

we±`yGZ AB I CD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj h^vKÌGg OP ‰es OQ
ˆiLv«¼q Aâb KiGj POQ B AB I CD ‰i A¯¦MÆZ ˆKvb
wbG`Æk KiGe|
L cÉ`î (i) bs ˆiLv, 5x + 4y  20 = 0
 O O(0, 0) A(4, 0)
x

ev, 4y =  5x + 20
5
y= x+5 1 0 4 0 0
4 ‰Lb, OAB ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 0 0 5 0
5
 (i) bs ˆiLvi Xvj  4 1
= {(0 + 20 + 0)  (0 + 0 + 0)}
2
Avevi, cÉ`î (ii) bs ˆiLv, 4x  5y + 20 = 0 1
ev, 5y = 4x + 20 =  20
2
y=
4
x+4 = 10 eMÆ ‰KK (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
5
4 cÉk²  95 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
 (ii) bs ˆiLvi Xvj 5
5 Xvj wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU ˆiLv A(2, – 5) we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es x AÞGK
5 4
 Xvj«¼Gqi àYdj =  4  5 = 1 B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A we±`yMvgx AbÅ ‰KwU ˆiLv x AÞGK C(–1, 0)
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
 ˆiLv«¼q ciÕ·i jÁ¼| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
K. A we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
(i) bs nGZ cvB, 5x + 4y = 20
5x 4y x y L. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY ‰es Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, 20 + 20 = 1  4 + 5 = 1 M. QK KvMGR Õ©vcbcƒeÆK ABC ‰i kxlÆwe±`yi
(ii) bs nGZ cvB, 4x  5y = 20 Õ©vbvGâi mvnvGhÅ ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 43
95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M. PZyfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZ? ˆZvgvi gZvgGZi cGÞ
K A(2,  5) we±`yMvgx I 5 Xvj wewkÓ¡ mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
 hywÚ `vI| 4
y  ( 5) = 5(x  2) 96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, y + 5 = 5x  10 K A (1, 4a) ‰es B(5, a2  1)

ev, 5x  y  10  5 = 0 a2  1  4a a2  4a  1
 5x  y  15 = 0. (Ans.)  AB ˆiLvi Xvj = 51
=
4
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
 a2  4a  1
A we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY cÉkg² GZ, 4
= 1
5x  y  15 = 0
ev, a2  4a  1 =  4 ev, a2  4a  1 + 4 = 0
ˆhGnZz ˆiLvwU x-AÞGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi,
ev, a2  4a + 3 = 0 ev, a2  3a  a + 3 = 0
ˆmGnZz B we±`yi ˆKvwU, y = 0
myZivs, 5x  0  15 = 0 ev, a(a  3)  1(a  3) = 0
15  (a  3) (a  1) = 0
ev, 5x = 15 ev, x = 5  x = 3 nq, a  1 = 0 A^ev, a  3 = 0
 B we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (3, 0)  a=1  a=3
‰Lb, A(2,  5) I B(3, 0) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY, myZivs a = 1, 3
x  2 y  ( 5) A^Ævr, a ‰i gvb `yBwU| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
=
23 50 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

x2 y+5
ev,  1 =  5 a = 3 A^ev, a = 1
a ‰i gvb 3 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  3) ‰es (5 , 32  1)
ev,  5x + 10 =  y  5 A^Ævr, (1, 12) ‰es (5, 8)
ev,  5x + 10 + y + 5 = 0 ‰es a ‰i gvb 1 nGj, we±`yàGjv (1, 4  1) ‰es (5, 12  1)
ev, 5x  10  y  5 = 0 A^Ævr, (1, 4) ‰es (5, 0)
 5x  y  15 = 0 (Ans.) ZvnGj, we±`yàGjv C(5, 0), D(5, 8), E(1, 12) ‰es F(1, 4)
Avevi, AB ˆiLvi Š`NÆÅ = (3  2)2 + {0  ( 5)}2 ‰KK ‰Lb, we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZyfzÆR
= 1 + 25 ‰KK 1 5 5 1 1 5
= 26 ‰KK (Ans.) |
ˆÞò CDEF ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 0 8 12 4 0 eMÆ ‰KK |
M
 A(2,  5), B(3, 0) ‰es C( 1, 0) we±`yàGjv QK KvMGR 1
= (40 + 60 + 4 + 0  0 8 12 20) eMÆ ‰KK
Õ©vcb Kwi ‰es ciÕ·i we±`yàGjv ˆhvM Kwi| 2
1 1
Y ˆÕ•j: Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg = (104  40) eMÆ ‰KK = (64) eMÆ ‰KK
2 2
3 eMÆNi = 1 ‰KK
= 32 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
O
X
C(−1, 0) B(3, 0) X M CDEF PZyfzÆRwUi kxlÆwe±`yàGjv C(5, 0), D(5, 8), E(1, 12)

‰es F(1, 4)
‰Lb, CD = (5  5)2 + (0  8)2 ‰KK
= 0 + (8)2 ‰KK = 8 ‰KK
DE = (5  1)2 + (8  12)2 ‰KK
= 42 + (4)2 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
= 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK
A(2,–5)
EF = (1  1)2 + (12  4)2 ‰KK
Y = 0 + (8)2 ‰KK = 8 ‰KK
FC = (1  5)2 + (4  0)2 ‰KK
‰Lb, A, B I C we±`yòq Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq
= 42 + 42 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
ABC
1
| 2 3 1 2 |
‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 5 0 0 5 eMÆ ‰KK = 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK

=
1
{(2  0) + (3  0) + (1)  (5)  (5)  3  0  (1) ‰es KYÆ, CE = (5  1)2 + (0  12)2 ‰KK
2 = 42 + (12)2 ‰KK = 16 + 144 ‰KK
 0  2}
1 1 = 160 ‰KK = 4 10 ‰KK
= (5 + 15) =  20 = 10 eMÆ ‰KK
2 2 ‰es KYÆ, DF = (5  1)2 + (8  4)2 ‰KK
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj 10 eMƉKK| (Ans.) = 42 + 42 ‰KK = 16 + 16 ‰KK
cÉk²  96 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 = 32 ‰KK = 4 2 ‰KK
A(1, 4a) ‰es B(5, a2 – 1) we±`yMvgx ˆiLvi Xvj – 1 ‰LvGb, CDEF PZyfzÆRwUi
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, a ‰i `yBwU gvb iGqGQ| 2 CD = wecixZ evü EF = 8 ‰KK
L. a ‰i gvb«¼Gqi RbÅ ˆh PviwU we±`y cvIqv hvq ZvG`i C, ‰es DE = wecixZ evü FC = 4 2 ‰KK
D, E I F aGi MwVZ PZyfzÆR CDEF ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq wK¯¦y, KYÆ CE  KYÆ DF
Ki| 4 myZivs CDEF PZyfzÆRwU ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
44 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ

AaÅvq 12: mgZjxq ˆfÙi

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  17 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 ˆÕ•j: Dfq AÞ eivei Y
3 Ni = 1 ‰KK D
A(p, 3p), B(p2, 2p), C(p – 2, p) ‰es D(1, 1) PviwU wf®² we±`y|
AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq O
X S X
1
K. BC ˆiLvi Xvj 2 nGj, p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 C

L. AB I CD ˆiLv mgv¯¦ivj nGj p ‰i mÁ¿veÅ gvb wbYÆq

R B
Ki| 4
M. ‘L’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ ‘p’ ‰i FYvñK gvb eÅenvi KGi A, B, C, D A
we±`y «¼viv MwVZ UÇvwcwRqvGgi Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi
gaÅwe±`y R I S nGj ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Y

RS || AB || CD ‰es RS =
1
(AB + CD). 4 gGb Kwi, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AC I BD evü«¼q Amgv¯¦ivj
2
‰es AB I CD evü«¼q mgv¯¦ivj| R I S h^vKÌGg AC I BD
17 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y| R, S ˆhvM Kiv nGjv| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe
K B I C we±`yi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg (p2, 2p) I (p  2, p)
 ˆh, RS || AB || CD ‰es RS = 2 (AB + CD).
1
p  2p p
 BC ˆiLvi Xvj = p  2  p2 = p  2  p2 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvb ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D
p 1 we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d|
cÉkg² GZ, p  2  p2 = 2 
 AB = b  a, CD = d  c


ev,  2p = p  2  p2 1
R we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (a + c)
ev, p2  3p + 2 = 0 1
‰es S we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (b + d)
ev, p2  2p  p + 2 = 0
 1 1 1
ev, p(p  2)  1(p  2) = 0  RS = (b + d)  (a + c) = (b + d  a  c)
2 2 2
ev, (p  2)(p  1) = 0 1
= {(b  a) + (d  c)}
 p = 1, 2 (Ans.) 2
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(p, 3p), B(p2 , 2p), C(p  2, p) ‰es D(1, 1)
 
 RS =
1 
(
AB + CD

)
2
PviwU we±`y|  1  
2p  3p p 1 1 | |
 RS =
2
AB + CD|( )|
AB ˆiLvi Xvj, m1 = p2  p = p(p  1) = (1  p) = 1  p
1
p–1 p–1
myZivs RS = 2 (AB + CD)
CD ˆiLvi Xvj, m2 = p – 2 – 1 = p – 3    
wK¯§ AB I CD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq AB + CD
ˆhGnZz AB || CD, myZivs m1 = m2  
ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr AB I CD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
1 p–1
ev, 1 – p = p – 3   
myZivs RS ˆfÙiwUI AB I CD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
ev, p – 3 = p – 1 – p2 + p AZ‰e, RS || AB || CD ‰es RS = 2 (AB + CD) (cÉgvwYZ)
1
ev, p2 – p – 2 = 0
cÉk²  18 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4
ev, p2 – 2p + p – 2 = 0
A D
ev, p(p – 2) + 1(p – 2) = 0
ev, (p – 2) (p + 1) = 0 O

 p = – 1 A^ev 2 (Ans.) P
B C
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, p =  1
 wPGò ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
 A(p, 3p) ( 1,  3) AaÅvq 3 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq
B(p2, 2p)  (1,  2) K. BD ‰i Dci AB ‰es AD ‰i jÁ¼-AwfGÞc wbYÆq Ki| 2
C(p  2, p)  ( 3,  1) L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB2 + AD2 = 2(AO2 + BO2) 4
D(1, 1) M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AO = OC ‰es BO = OD 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 45
18 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb =
1
 96 eMÆ ‰KK
2
K BD ‰i Dci AB ‰i jÁ¼ AwfGÞc BP ‰es AD ‰i jÁ¼

= 48 eMÆ ‰KK
AwfGÞc DP.
cÉk²gGZ, eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj = ABCD PZzfÆyGRi ˆÞòdj
L
 A
= 48 eMÆ ‰KK
 eMÆGÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ = 48 ‰KK = 16 ´ 3 = 4 3 ‰KK
 eMÆGÞGòi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = 2  evüi Š`NÆÅ = 2  4 3
B
P O
D ‰KK
= 4 6 ‰KK (Ans.)
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABD ‰i AO gaÅgv hv BD evüGK
M
mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ ‰es AP  BD. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB2 
A D
2 2 2
+ AD = 2 (AO + BO )
P Q
cÉgvYt AOB ‰ AOB mƒßGKvY
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ C
B
AbymvGi,
AB2 = AO2 + BO2 − 2BO . OP ........... (i) ‰LvGb, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AB I CD Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi
Avevi, AOD ‰i gGaÅ AOD Õ©ƒjGKvY| gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ || AD ||
 Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ 1
BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
AbymvGi cvB, AD = AO + OD + 2OD.OP ... ... (ii)
2 2 2

(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB, cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D we±`yi
AB2 + AD2 = AO2 + BO2  2BO . OP + AO2 + OD2 AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d
+ 2OD.OP  
= 2AO2 + BO2 − 2BO.OP + BO2 + 2BO.OP  BC = c – b ‰es AD = d – a
[‹ BO = OD] 1
P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (a + b) [ P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
= 2AO2 + 2BO2
 AB2 + AD2 = 2 (AO2 + BO)2 (cÉgvwYZ) Q
1
we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (c + d) [ Q, CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-283
  1 1 1
‰Lb, PQ = 2 (c + d) – 2(a + b) = 2 (c + d – a – b)
cÉk²  19 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
ABCD PZzfzÆGRi A(6,  4), B(2, 2), C( 2, 2), D(6,  4) kxlÆ 1 1  
= {(c – b) + (d – a)} = ( BC + AD )
2 2
we±`ymgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|
 
AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq wK¯§ BC I AD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq ( BC + AD )
K. BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr BC I AD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
L. ABCD PZzfzÆGRi ˆÞòdGji mgvb ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU myZivs PQ ˆfÙiI BC I AD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
eMÆGÞGòi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4  1  
M. ABCD ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg ‰es P I Q h^vKÌGg AB I CD ‰Lb PQ = 2 ( AD + BC )
‰i gaÅwe±`y nGj ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  1  
 | PQ | = | AD + BC |
1 2
PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = (AD + BC) 4
2 1
A^Ævr PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
19 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1
K B(2, 2) I D(–6, –4) we±`y«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ A^Ævr BD ‰i
 A^Ævr PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC) (cÉgvwYZ)
Š`NÆÅ
= (–6 – 2)2 + (–4 – 2)2 ‰KK
cÉk²  20 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
= 64 + 36 ‰KK ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg A(7, 2), B( 4, 2), C( 4, 3)
= 100 ‰KK = 10 ‰KK (Ans) ‰es D(7, 3). AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq
L A(6, –4), B(2, 2), C(–2, 2) I D(–6, –4) we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi
 K. AC mijGiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfÆyR ˆÞò ABCD ‰i ˆÞòdj L. PZzfzÆRwU mvgv¯¦wiK bv AvqZ Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4
1 6 2 –2 –6 6 M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ PZzfÆyRwUi mw®²wnZ evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y
|
= –4 2 2 –4 –4 eMÆ ‰KK
2 | h^vKÌGg P, Q, R, S nGj, ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
1
= (12 + 4 + 8 + 24 + 8 + 4 + 12 + 24) eMÆ ‰KK PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| 4
2
46 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
20 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  21 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
K A(7, 2) I C(4,3) we±`yMvgx mijGiLvi mgxKiY,
 P S

x7 y2 O
=
7(4) 2  (3)
M
x7 y2
ev, 7 + 4 = 2 + 3 Q R

ev, 5x  35 = 11y  22 wPGò PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| AaÅvq 3 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq

ev, 5x  11y  35 + 22 = 0 K. ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`ÅwU wee†Z Ki| 2
 5x  11y  13 = 0 (Ans.) L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2). 4
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ‰KwU PZzfÆyGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg M. ˆfÙi c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = RO ‰es QO = SO. 4
A(7, 2), B(4, 2), C(4, 3) ‰es D(7,3) 21 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2  2)2 K ‰ÅvGcvGjvwbqvGmi Dccv`Å: wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvb `yB evüi Dci

= (11) + 0 = 11 ‰KK
2
AwâZ eMÆGÞò«¼Gqi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡, Z‡Zxq evüi AGaÆGKi
BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (4 + 4) + (2 + 3) = 0 + 5 = 5 ‰KK
2 2 2 Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj ‰es H evüi mgw«¼LíK
CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (47) + (3 + 3) = 121 + 0 = 11
2 2 gaÅgvi Ici AwâZ eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdGji mgwÓ¡i w«¼àY|
‰KK L PSQ ‰i PO gaÅgv SQ evüGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGiGQ| cÉgvY

AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (7  7) + (2 + 3) = 0 + 5 = 5 ‰KK
2 2 2 KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2)
AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (7 + 4)2 + (2 + 3)2 P
= 121 + 25 = 146 ‰KK

ˆm.wg.
BD KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (4  7)2 + (2 + 3)2 = 121 + 25
= 146 ‰KK 4
60
Q M O S
myZivs Avgiv cvB,
evü AB = evü CD ‰es evü BC = evü AD Aâb: SQ evüi Ici PM jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi|
Avevi, KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD. cÉgvY: PSO ‰i POS Õ©ƒjGKvY ‰es SO ˆiLvi
 ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (Ans.) ewaÆZvsGki Dci PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM
M gGb Kwi, ABCD  Õ©ƒjGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ
D
PZzfzÆGRi evüàGjvi gaÅwe±`y R AbymvGi, Avgiv cvB, PS2 = PO2 + SO2 + 2SO.OM ...... (i)
P, Q, R, S| C Avevi, PQO ‰i POQ mƒßGKvY ‰es OQ ˆiLvi Dci
S
PO ˆiLvi jÁ¼ AwfGÞc OM.
P I Q, Q I R, R I Q
 mƒßGKvGYi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi
S, S I P ˆhvM Kwi| A B
P
cvB,
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
PQ2 = PO2 + QO2  2QO.OM...........(ii)
PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
   
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, AB = a, BC = b, CD = c, DA = d, PS2 + PQ2 = 2PO2 + SO2 + QO2 + 2SO.OM  2QO.OM
= 2PO2 + QO2 + QO2 + 2QO.OM  2QO.OM [‹ SO=QO]
A, C ˆhvM Kwi| 2 2
   = 2(PO + QO )
1  1 1
ZvnGj, PQ = PB + BQ = 2AB + 2BC = 2(a + b)  PQ2 + PS2 = 2(PO2 + QO2) (cÉgvwYZ)
 1  1 
Abyi…cfvGe QR = 2(b + c), RS = 2(c + d) ‰es SP = 2(d + a)
1 M
 P
S

    O
wK¯§ (a + b) + (c + d) = AC + CA = AC  AC = 0
O
A^Ævr (a + b) =  (c + d)
 1 1   Q R
 PQ = (a + b) =  (c + d) =  RS = SR
2 2
 PQ ‰es SR mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj| gGb Kwi, PQRS mvgv¯¦wiGKi PR I QS KYÆÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O
Abyi…cfvGe, QR ‰es PS mgvb I mgv¯¦ivj| we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
   
 PQRS ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ) gGb Kwi, PO = p , QO = q , OR = r , OS = s
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 47
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PO = OR ‰es QO = OS L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, A(5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) I D(5, 5)

cÉgvY: ZvnGj, AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 5)2 + (0  0)2
      = (10)2 + (0)2
PO + OS = PS ‰es QO + OR = QR
ˆhGnZz mvgv¯¦wiGKi wecixZ evü«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb I = 100 = 10 ‰KK

mgv¯¦ivj| BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (55)2 + (5  0)2

  = 02 + 52 = 25
 PS = QR
= 5 ‰KK
   
A^Ævr, PO + OS = QO + OR CD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (5  5)2 = (10)2 + 02
ev, p+ s = q + r
= 100 = 10 ‰KK
 p  r = q  s ‰es AD evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 5)2 + (5  0)2 = 02 + 52
‰LvGb, p I r ‰i aviK PR = 25 = 5 ‰KK

p  r ‰i aviK PR Avevi, AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (0  5)2

 
= 102 + 52
Avevi, q I s ‰i aviK QS
= 100 + 25 = 125 = 5 5 ‰KK
 q  s ‰i aviK QS ‰es BD KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (5  5)2 + (5  0)2
 
p r
 
I q  s `yBwU mgvb mgvb A÷bÅ ˆfÙi nGj ZvG`i = (10)2 + 52

aviK ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| wK¯§ PR I QS `yBwU

= 100 + 25 = 125 = 5 5 ‰KK
ciÕ·iGQ`x Amgv¯¦ivj mijGiLv| myZivs p  r I q  s ‰LvGb, AB = CD; BC = AD ‰es KYÆ AC = KYÆ BD
 ABCD PZzfÆyRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ˆfÙi«¼q AkƒbÅ nGZ cvGi bv weavq ‰G`i gvb kƒbÅ nGe|
M AaÅvq-12 ‰i m†Rbkxj 1(L) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|

 p  r = 0
c†Ó¤v-313
 
ev, p = r ev, PO = OR
cÉk²  23 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
 
 |PO| = |OR| ABCD PZyfzÆGRi A(6, –4), B(2, 2), C(–2, 2) ‰es D(–6, –4)
 
‰es q  s = 0 ev, q = s ev, QO = OS kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|
  K. AC KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
 |QO| = |OS|
L. ABCD PZyfzÆR ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdGji mgvb ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡
 PO = RO ‰es QO = SO (cÉgvwYZ)
eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉk²  22 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4 M. P I Q h^vKÌGg AB I CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y nGj, ˆfÙGii
ABCD PZzfzÆGRi A(−5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) ‰es D(−5, 5) kxlÆ mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ || AD || BC ‰es
we±`ymgƒn Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ nq| 1
PQ = (AD + BC). 4
AaÅvq 11 I 12 ‰i mg®¼Gq 2
K. ABCD PZzfzÆRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2 23 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ABCD PZzfzÆRwU ‰KwU AvqZGÞò| 4 
K ‰LvGb, A(6, 4), C(2, 2)
M. AB I AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S ‰es T nGj ˆfÙGii AC = (2  6)2 + {2  (4)}2 = 82 + 62
1
mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST || BC ‰es ST = 2 BC. 4 = 64 + 36 = 100 = 10 ‰KK (Ans.)

22 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABCD PZzfzÆGRi PviwU kxlÆ h^vKÌGg A(6, 4),

B(2, 2), C(2, 2) ‰es D(6, 4) ˆhLvGb, kxlÆmgƒn Nwoi
K A(–5, 0), B(5, 0), C(5, 5) ‰es D(–5, 5) we±`ymgƒn wbGq

KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK AvewZÆZ|
MwVZ ABCD PZzfÆyGRi ˆÞòdj
we±`ymgƒnGK Nwoi KuvUvi wecixZ w`GK wbGq PZzfzÆR ˆÞò
1 –5 5 5 –5 –5
= |
2 0 0 5 5 0 | ABCD ‰i ˆÞòdj
1 1 6 2 2 6 6
=
2
(0 + 25 + 25 + 0 – 0 – 0 + 25 + 25) = |
2 4 2 2 4 4 | eMÆ ‰KK
1
=  100 = 50 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.) 1
= {12 + 4 + 8 + 24  (8)  (4)  (12)  (24)}
2 2
48 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
1
= {48 + 8 + 4 + 12 + 24} eMÆ ‰KK cÉk²  24 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
2
1 ABC ‰i BC, AC I AB evüòGqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D, E I F
= {48 + 48}
2
eMÆ ‰KK ‰es kxlÆwe±`yòGqi Õ©vbvâ A(2, 3), B(5, 6), C(–1, 4).
= 48 eMÆ ‰KK   
K. AB ˆfÙiGK BE I CF ˆfÙGii gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
cÉk²gGZ, eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj, a2 = 48 eMÆ ‰KK L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EF || BC ‰es EF = 1 BC. 4
2
 eMÆGÞGòi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 48 ‰KK = 4 3 ‰KK
M. ABC ‰i evüòGqi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGi ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
 eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv = 4a = 4  4 3 = 16 3 ‰KK (Ans.)
Ki| 4
M cÉ`î Z^ÅvbymvGi,
 24 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
4 + 4
AD evüi Xvj = 6 + 6 = 0 K gGb Kwi, ABC ‰ AD, BE I CF gaÅgv wZbwU ciÕ·i

P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
22
‰es BC evüi Xvj = 2 + 2 = 0 ˆfÙi ˆhvGMi wòfzRwewa Abyhvqx, ABE ˆ^GK,
  
 AD I BC evü ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj| AB + BE = AE
 ABCD ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|   
ev, AB = AE  BE
1   
A D = AC  BE [ E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
2
1   
= (AF + FC)  BE
P Q 2
1 1    
= AB  CF  BE
C 2 2  C
B
1  1  
= AB  CF  BE
4 2
 1  1  E D
‰LvGb, ABCD UÇvwcwRqvGgi AB I CD Amgv¯¦ivj evü«¼Gqi ev, AB  4 AB = 2 CF  BE
P
gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ || AD || 3  1  
ev, 4 AB = 2 CF  BE A B
1 F
BC ‰es PQ = 2 (AD + BC)  4  1  
ev, AB = 3 2 CF  BE 
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ A, B, C I D we±`yi
 2  4 
AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg a, b, c I d  AB =  CF  BE (Ans.)
3 3
 
 BC = c – b ‰es AD = d – a L cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-282

1
 P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = (a + b) [ P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y] M A, B I C we±`yòGqi Õ©vbvâ h^vKÌGg A, B I C we±`yòGqi

2
Õ©vbvâ A(2, 3), B(5, 6) ‰es C(–1, 4) A(2, 3)
1
Q we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (c + d) [ Q, CD ‰i gaÅwe±`y] AB evüi Š`NÆÅ = (2 – 5) + (3 – 6)
2 2

 1 1 1 = (–3)2 + (–3)2
‰Lb, PQ = 2 (c + d) – 2(a + b) = 2 (c + d – a – b) = 9+9
1 1   = 18 = 3 2 ‰KK C(1, 4) B(5, 6)
= {(c – b) + (d – a)} = (BC + AD)
2 2
  BC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (5 + 1)2 + (6 – 4)2 = (6)2 + (2)2
wK¯§ BC I AD ciÕ·i mgv¯¦ivj nIqvq (BC + AD)
= 36 + 4 = 40 = 2 10 ‰KK
ˆfÙiwUI ZvG`i (A^Ævr BC I AD ‰i) mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
AC evüi Š`NÆÅ = (2 + 1)2 + (3 – 4)2
myZivs PQ ˆfÙiI BC I AD ‰i mgv¯¦ivj nGe| = (3)2 + (–1)2
 1  
‰Lb PQ = 2 (AD + BC) = 9 + 1 = 10 ‰KK
 1   AaÆcwimxgv, s = 3 2 + 2 10 + 10 = 68647 ‰KK
 |PQ| = |AD + BC| 2
2
1  ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj = s(s  AB) (s  BC) (s  AC) eMÆ ‰KK
A^Ævr PQ = 2 (AD + BC)
= (68647)(68647  3 2)(68647  2 10)(68647  10)
1 = 359964883
A^Ævr PQ || AD || BC ‰es PQ = (AD + BC)
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
= 59997 eMÆ ‰KK = 6 eMÆ ‰KK (cÉvq) (Ans.)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 49
cÉk²  25 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4  1 
 |ST | = |QR |
P 2
1
 ST = QR
2
S T  
myZivs, ST I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi aviK ˆiLv ‰KB ev mgv¯¦ivj|
wK¯§ ‰LvGb aviK ˆiLv ‰K bq|
Q R  
myZivs, ST I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi aviK ˆiLv«¼q A^Ævr ST I QR
PQR, ‰i PQ ‰es PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S ‰es T.
mgv¯¦ivj|
  
K. PS + ST ˆK PR ‰i gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2  ST || QR ‰es ST =
1
QR (cÉgvwYZ)
1 2
L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST||QR ‰es ST = QR. 4 P
2 M

M. SQRT ‰i KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N nGj
ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MN || ST || QR ‰es S T
1
MN = (QR – ST). 4 M N
2
25 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Q R
K
 P
ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, PQR-‰ S I T h^vKÌGg PQ I PR ‰i
gaÅwe±`y|
S T 1
 ST || QR ‰es ST = 2QR
 SQRT ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|
Q R
PST ‰ wòfzR wewa cÉGqvM KGi cvB,
Avevi, QT I RS KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N| N, M
   ˆhvM Kwi|
PS + ST = PT ................. (i) 1
Avevi, PR evüi gaÅwe±`y T cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, MN || ST || QR ‰es MN = 2(QR  ST)
 1 
 PT = PR .................. (ii) cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvb ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ
2
S I T we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg s I t
  1 
(i) I (ii) nGZ cvB, PS + ST = PR 
2 QR = r  q
P
L
 
ST = t  s
1
 M we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = (q + t) [‹ M, QT ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
S T 2
1
‰es N we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2(r + s) [‹ N, RS ‰i
Q R gaÅwe±`y]
‰LvGb PQR wòfzGRi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg  1 1 1
 MN = (r + s)  (q + t) = (r + s  q  t)
S I T. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, 2 2 2
1 1 1  
ST =
2
QR ‰es ST || QR. = {(r  q)  (t  s)} = (QR  ST )
2 2
1 1    
cÉgvY : PS = SQ = 2 PQ ‰es PT = TR = 2 PR ST || QR nIqvq QR  ST ˆfÙiwUI QR I ST ˆfÙGii
wòfzR wewa AbymvGi PQR nGZ cvB, 
mgv¯¦ivj nGe, ZvnGj MN ˆfÙiwU I QR I ST ‰i
 
  
QR = QP + PR mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
    MN || ST
ev, QR =  PQ + PR
Avevi, ST || QR
  
ev, QR = PR  PQ  MN || ST || QR
Avevi, PST nGZ cvB,  1  
Avevi, | MN | = 2 |QR  ST |
    
ST = SP + PT =  PS + PT
1   1
  1 1 ev, MN = 2 (|QR |  | ST |) = 2(QR  ST)
= PT  PS = PR  PQ
2 2
1
 MN || ST || QR ‰es MN = (QR  ST) (cÉgvwYZ)
=
1  
2
( 1 
PR  PQ = QR
2
) 2
50 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  26 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 A^Ævr, PE || BC wK¯¦y PQ || BC (DóxcGK ˆ`qv AvGQ)
A   
ZvnGj PE I PQ ˆiLv«¼q DfGq P we±`y w`Gq hvq ‰es BC
‰i mgv¯¦ivj|
 
P Q
AZ‰e, PE I PQ AekÅB mgcvwZZ nGe|
 E I Q ‰KB we±`y nGe|
A^Ævr Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y (cÉgvwYZ)
B C
wPGò, ABC ‰ AB evüi gaÅwe±`y w`Gq AwâZ PQ ˆiLvsk M
 A
BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj|
K. APQ wòfzGRi ˆÞGò ˆfÙi weGqvGMi wòfzR wewa eYÆbv P Q
Ki| 2
R S
L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| 4
B C
M. PBCQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi PB I QC evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg
RIS

2
(
nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, RS = 1 PQ + BC |

) 4 PBCQ UÇvwcwRqvGg R I S h^vKÌGg PB I QC ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
26 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe RS = 2 (PQ + BC)
1  

K
 A
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv ˆfÙi gƒjwe±`yi mvGcGÞ P, B, C I Q
we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg p, b, c I q.

 BC = c  b
P Q

‰es PQ = q  p
 
APQ-‰ AP I AQ ‰i Avw`we±`y ‰KB p+b

‰es
 
AP I AQ ‰i A¯¦we±`y h^vKÌGg P I Q| P I Q ˆhvM  R we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2
KiGj ˆfÙi weGqvGMi wòfzRwewa AbymvGi, c+q

   S we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2
AP  AQ = QP
 1 1 1 1
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ABC wòfzGRi AB evüi gaÅwe±`y w`Gq AwâZ
  RS = (c + q )  (b + q) = (c  b) + (q  p)
2  2  2 2 
BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj PQ, AC ˆK Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| 1  1  1  
= BC + PQ = (BC + PQ )
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe Q, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| A
2 2 2
  1  
cÉgvY: Q hw` AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y bv nq,  RS = (PQ + BC ) (cÉgvwYZ)
E 2

ZGe awi, E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y| P Q cÉk²  27 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
Y
B C
A(6,6)
 1  
ZvnGj AP = AB
2
[‹ P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y] B(2,4)
C
   P
 PE = PA + AE
   
=  AP + AE [‹ AP =  PA ] X X
O E F
 
= AE  AP EC I FB Gi ga¨we›`y P Ges
1  1   B, E, F, C Gi Ae¯’vb †f±i
= AC  AB [‹ E, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y aGi ˆbqv nGqGQ] h_vµ‡g, b, e, f, c.
2 2
1   Y
= (AC  AB)
2 K. AB ‰i gaÅeZÆx `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 2
1 
= BC
  
[ AC  AB = BC ] L. AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY I ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
2
M. AeÕ©vb ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BEFC ‰KwU
 1 
 PE = BC
2 mvgv¯¦wiK| 4
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 51
27 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  28 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
K AB ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (6  2) + (6  4) = (4) + (2)
 2 2 2 2
ABC wòfzGRi DœPZv h = 3.5 cm, kxlÆwe±`y A ˆ^GK f„wg BC ‰i
= 16 + 4 = 20 = 2 5 ‰KK (Ans.) Dci gaÅgv AD = 4 ˆm. wg. ‰es B = 60|
L AB ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
 K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 2
y6 x6
= L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + AC = 2AD + 2BD .
2 2 2 2
4
64 62
y6 x6 M. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB I AC ‰i gaÅwe±`yi
ev, =
2 4 msGhvRK ˆiLvsk BC ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ‰es Š`GNÆÅ Zvi
x6
ev, y6= AGaÆK| 4
2
ev, 2y  12 = x  6 28 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, x  6  2y + 12 = 0 K cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-4 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-82

 x  2y + 6 = 0 (Ans.) [we. `Ë. DœPZv, h = 3.5 ˆm. wg., gaÅgv, AD = d = 4 ˆm. wg.
C ‰i f„R ‰es A ‰i f„R ‰KB  C ‰i f„R = 6
‰es B = x = 60 wbGZ nGe|]
C‰i ˆKvwU ‰es B ‰i ˆKvwU ‰KB  C ‰i ˆKvwU = 4
 C ‰i Õ©vbvâ (6, 4) L cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-3.1 ‰i Dccv`Å-5 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-68

 AC ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (6  6)2 + (6  4)2 = 0 + (2)2 = 2 M cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-12 ‰i D`vniY-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-282

BC ‰i `ƒiZ½ = (2  6)2 + (4  4)2 = (4)2 = 4 cÉk²  29 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
1 1
 ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj =  AC  BC =  2  4
2 2 P
= 4 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)
M
 B C
D E

P
Q R

PQR-‰i PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E.

E
F
P we±`ywU EC ‰es FB ‰i gaÅwe±`y| B, E, F ‰es C ‰i K. (  
PD + DE ) ˆK PR

ˆfÙGii gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg b, e, f ‰es c| AeÕ©vb ˆfÙGii L. ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || QR ‰es DE = 1 QR. 4
2
mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BEFC ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK|

M. DERQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg F I G
e+c
EC eivei P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 nGj, ˆfÙGii mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, FG || DE || QR

‰es FB eivei P we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2
f+b ‰es FG = 1 (QR – DE). 4
2
 
ˆhGnZy, P we±`ywU EC ‰es FB ‰i gaÅwe±`y 29 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
e+c
AZ‰e, 2 = 2
f+b K
 P

ev, c + e = b + f
ev, b  e = c  f D E
      
ev, EB = FC [ EB = PB  PE = b  e ‰es FC = PC 
 R
PF = c  b] Q
 
Avevi, |EB| = |FC|
 EB = FC   
PDE-‰ PD + DE = PE [wòfzRwewa]
Avgiv Rvwb, `yBwU ˆfÙi mgvb nGe hw` ZvG`i aviK ˆiLv
1
‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nq| wK¯¦y, ‰GÞGò EB ‰es FC ‰i
  = PR
2
[ˆhGnZz, E, PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
aviK ˆiLv ‰KB bq| AZ‰e, Zviv mgv¯¦ivj, A^Ævr EB || FC   1
 PD + DE = PR. (Ans.)
 BEFC ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiK| (cÉgvwYZ) 2
52 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
L gGb Kwi, PQR wòfzGRi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D
 M
 P
I E|
D, E ˆhvM Kiv nGjv ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, DE || QR ‰es D E
1 F G
DE = QR
2
P Q R

gGb Kwi, DERQ UÇvwcwRqvGgi DE || QR ‰es QE I DR

D E KYÆ«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg F I G| F I G ˆhvM Kwi|
1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, FG || DE || QR ‰es FG = 2(QR – DE)
cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, ˆKvGbv ˆfÙi gaÅwe±`yi mvGcGÞ D, E, Q I
Q R
R ‰i AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi h^vKÌGg d, e, q I r

cÉgvY: D I E h^vKÌGg PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y| DE = e – d
  1   1 
 DQ = PD = PQ
2
‰es PE = ER = 2 PR QR = r – q
1
PQR -‰ wòfzR wewa AbymvGi cvB, F we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (e + q) [ F, QE ‰i
  
PQ + QR = PR gaÅwe±`y]
1
  
 QR = PR – PQ ............ (i)
‰es G we±`yi AeÕ©vb ˆfÙi = 2 (r + d) [ G, DR ‰i

‰es PDE ‰ wòfzRwewa AbymvGi cvB, PD + DE = PE

   gaÅwe±`y]
 1 1
    FG = (r + d) – (e + q)
 DE = PE – PD 2 2
1 1  1  1 1 1
= PR – PQ [ PE = PR ‰es PD = PQ] = (r + d – e – q) = {(r – q) – (e – d)}
2 2
2 2 2 2
1   1   1  
= (PR – PQ) = QR [(i)
2 2
nGZ]  FG = (QR – DE)
2
 1     
 |DE| = |QR|
2 DE || QR nIqvq (QR – DE) ˆfÙiwU DE I QR ˆfÙGii
  
 DE =
1 
QR ‰es DE

I QR ‰i aviK ˆiLv ‰KB A^ev mgv¯¦ivj nGe| ZvnGj FG ˆfÙiwU, DE I QR ˆfÙi«¼Gqi
2
mgv¯¦ivj nGe|
mgv¯¦ivj|  1  
wK¯¦y DE ‰es QR wf®² wf®² ˆiLv nIqvq DE || QR nGe| Avevi, FG = 2 (QR – DE)
1  1   1  
 DE || QR ‰es DE = QR. (cÉgvwYZ)  |FG| = |(QR – DE)| = (|QR| – |DE|)
2 2 2
1
 FG = (QR – DE)
2
1
A^Ævr FG || DE || QR ‰es FG = 2 (QR – DE) (cÉgvwYZ)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 53

AaÅvq 13: Nb RÅvwgwZ

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  20 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 cÉgvY: gGb Kwi, wPGò (1)-‰ DPE Õ©ƒjGKvY| AZ‰e
D wc^vGMvivGmi DccvG`Åi weÕ¦‡wZ AbymvGi,
DE2 = DP2 + EP2 + 2EP.GP .................... (i)
Avevi, wPò (2)-‰ DPF mƒßGKvY
 DF2 = DP2 + FP2  2PF.GP
ev, DF2 = DP2 + EP2  2.EP.GP [PF = EP] ........ (ii)
(i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi,
DE2 + DF2 = DP2 + EP2 + DP2 + EP2 + 2EP.GP  2EP.GP
E
P G F
ev, DE2 + DF2 = 2DP2 + 2EP2
1
K. EP ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†î AuvK hv `ywU wbw`ÆÓ¡  DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2) (cÉgvwYZ)
2
we±`y w`Gq hvq| [AâGbi ÷ay wPn× AvekÅK] 2 
M DGF ˆK DG evü eivei ˆNvivGj ‰KwU mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYK
L. DóxcGKi wfwîGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Drc®² nq hvi DœPZv, DG = 10 cm = h ‰es
1
DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2)| 4 PF 8
2 eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 = 2 = 4 cm
M. DG = 10 cm, PF = 8 cm nGj, DGF ˆK DG evüi 1
mvGcGÞ ˆNvivGj Drc®² NbeÕ¦yi AvqZb I ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Drc®² ˆKvYGKi AvqZb = 3 r2h Nb ‰KK
Ki| 4 1
=  3.1416  (4)2  10 cm3
3
20 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3
= 167.552 cm (Ans.)
K
 r
EP  ˆKvYGKi ˆnjvGbv Zj,  = (10)2 + (4)2 ‰KK
C
= 100 + 16 = 10.77 cm (cÉvq)
 ˆKvYGKi ˆÞòdj = r(r + ) eMÆ ‰KK
P = 3.1416  4(4 + 10.77)
= 185.605 cm2 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉk²  21 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
A B
– 32  5 we±`yMvgx ‰KwU mijGiLvi Xvj – 23 ‰es ˆiLvwU x AÞ I
 
y AÞGK h^vKÌGg P I Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
Q
K. PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. PQ ˆiLvwU AÞ«¼Gqi mvG^ ˆh wòfzR Drc®² KGi Zvi
evüàGjvi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq cƒeÆK wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
D Ki| 4
L
 D
D M. OPQ wòfzRwUGK y AGÞi mvGcGÞ PZyw`ÆGK ‰Kevi
ˆNvivGj ˆh NbeÕ¦y Drc®² nq Zvi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj I
AvqZGbi mvswLÅK gvGbi cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
21 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, Xvj, m =  3

E P G F E P F G wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y, (x1, y1) = – 3  5
 2 
wPò-1 wPò-2  PQ ˆiLvi mgxKiY,
gGb Kwi, DEF-‰ DP gaÅgv, cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, y  y1 = m(x  x1)
1 2
DP2 + EP2 = (DE2 + DF2) ev, y  5 =  3 x   3 
2   2 
Aâb: D ˆ^GK EF ‰i Dci ev, EF ‰i ewaÆZvsGki Dci 2 3
ev, y  5 =  3 x + 2 
DG jÁ¼ Uvwb|  
54 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
2 (5 + 13) (1 + 13) (1 + 13) (5  13) eMÆ ‰KK
ev, y  5 =  3 x  1 =
2 = (5 + 13) (5  13) ( 13  1) ( 13 + 1) eMÆ ‰KK
ev, y =  3 x  1 + 5 2
= {52  ( 13) } {( 13)2  12} eMÆ ‰KK
2
 y=
3
x + 4 (Ans.) = (25  13) (13  1) eMÆ ‰KK
= 12  12 eMÆ ‰KK
L ˆiLvwU x I y AÞGK P I Q we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj cvB,

= 122 eMÆ ‰KK
Y
= 12 eMÆ ‰KK (Ans.)

Q
(0,4) M OPQ wòfzRwUGK y AGÞi mvGcGÞ PZzw`ÆGK ‰Kevi ˆNvivGj

(6,0) OP = 6 ‰KK eÅvmvaÆ ‰es OQ = 4 ‰KK DœPZv wewkÓ¡
X O P X
mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYK ŠZwi nGe|
Y awi, mge†îf„wgK ˆKvYGKi eÅvmvaÆ r ‰KK
‰es DœPZv h ‰KK
P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (6, 0) [x AGÞ y = 0 ewmGq cvB, x = 6] myZivs r = 6 ‰KK, h = 4 ‰KK
Q we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (0, 4) [y AGÞ x = 0 ewmGq cvB, y = 4] ˆKvYGKi wZhÆK evüi DœPZv, l = h2 + r2 ‰KK
awi, gƒjwe±`y O(0, 0)
= 42 + 62 ‰KK
OPQ-‰
= 2 13 ‰KK
OP evüi Š`NÆÅ a = (6  0)2  (0  0)2 = 6
 ˆKvYGKi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = r(l + r) eMÆ ‰KK
OQ evüi Š`NÆÅ, b = (0  0)2 + (4  0)2 = 4
= 3.1416  6  (2 13 + 6) eMÆ ‰KK
PQ evüi Š`NÆÅ, c = (6  0)2 + (0  4)2 = 62 + 42 = 249.02 eMÆ ‰KK (cÉvq)
= 36 + 16 = 52 = 4  13 = 2 13 1
‰es ˆKvYGKi AvqZb = 3 r2h Nb ‰KK
‰LvGb AaÆcwimxgv,
1
s=
a + b + c 6 + 4 + 2 13
= =  3.1416  62  4
3
Nb ‰KK
2 2
10 + 2 13 = 150.8 Nb ‰KK (cÉvq)
= = 5 + 13
2  mvswLÅK gvGbi cv^ÆKÅ = 249.02  150.8
 OPQ ‰i ˆÞòdj = s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c) = 98.22 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
= (5 + 13) (5 + 13  6) (5 + 13  4) (5 + 13  2 13)
eMÆ ‰KK
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 55

AaÅvq 14: mÁ¿vebv

ˆevWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  55 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 L wZbevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree nGe:

beg ˆkÉwYi 90 Rb wkÞv^Æxi 90 w`Gbi wbÁ²wjwLZ msLÅK w`b
AbycwÕ©wZi msLÅv:
AbycwÕ©Z w`bmsLÅv wkÞv^Æx msLÅv
0 10
2 15
3 25
5 20
5 ‰i
AwaK 20
1g evi wbGÞGc
K. 2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2 gy`Ëvi wcV
L. 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq
Ki| 4
M. 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi
mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 90 Rb

2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 Rb
10 1
2 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv = 90 = 9 (Ans.)
L 3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv = 10 + 15 = 25

Rb bgybvGÞòwU, S = { HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THT, TTH, THH,
25 5 TTT} (Ans.)
3 w`Gbi Kg AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv = 90 = 18
M ˆhGnZz ‰KwU gy`Ëvq 2wU wcV ^vGK myZivs gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi

wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2wU|
(Ans.)
M 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv
 Avevi, gy`ËvwU 2q evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 4wU|
= 20 + 20 = 40 Rb ‰gbfvGe,
 5 A^ev 5 ‰i AwaK w`b AbycwÕ©Z ^vKv wkÞv^Æxi mÁ¿vebv gy`ËvwU 1 evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2
40 4 ” 2 ” ” ” ” = 4 = 2  2 = 22
= = (Ans.)
90 9 ” 3 ” ” ” ” = 8 = 2  2  2 = 23
cÉk²  56 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 ” 4 ” ” ” ” = 16 = 2  2  2  2 = 24
............................................................................................
‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
gy`ËvwU n evi wbGÞGc mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 2n
K. bgybvGÞò I bgybvwe±`y ejGZ wK eyS? 2
 gy`ËvwU n msLÅK evi wbGÞc KiGj mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 2n ˆK
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4
cÉk²  57 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gy`ËvwU n evi wbGÞGc msNwUZ NUbv 2n ˆK
mg^Æb KGi| 4 Škke ‰KwU gy`Ëv Pvievi wbGÞc Kij|
K. ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj, weGRvo A^ev `yB
56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
«¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2
K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ

L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj| bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4
bgybvwe±`yt bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU Dcv`vbGK djvdGji bgybv M. KgcGÞ `yBwU ˆnW ‰es KgGcÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi
we±`y eGj| mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
56 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
57 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  59 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
K ‰KwU QØv ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybv ˆÞò = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 20wU wUGKGU 11 ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi 30 chƯ¦ KÌwgK bÁ¼i ˆ`Iqv AvGQ|
 ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 6wU
wUGKUàGjv fvGjvfvGe wgwkGq ‰KwU wUGKU Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv
Avevi, QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞGc weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ
nGjv|
msLÅv Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
 AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 6wU K. ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
6 L. wbeÆvwPZ wUGKGUi bÁ¼i 2 ‰i MywYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ
 weGRvo A^ev 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv IVvi mÁ¿vebv = = 1
6 nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
(Ans.)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wbeÆvwPZ wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i
L m†Rbkxj 5(L)bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-349
M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦, àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv, bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv
bgybv ˆÞGò ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 16wU wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆPGq Kg| 4
KgcGÞ 2wU ˆnW ‰es ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv : 59 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, THHH,  K ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv: ˆKvGbv cixÞvq hw` ‰KUv NUbv NUGj
THHT, THTH, TTHH
AbÅUv A^ev AbÅ NUbvàGjv bv NUGZ cvGi ZGe DÚ
 AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 10wU
10 5 NUbvàGjvGK ciÕ·i wewœQ®² NUbv eGj| ˆhgb, ‰KUv
 KgcGÞ 2wU ˆnW ‰es ‰KwU ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = = wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wbGÞc KiGj ˆnW Avmv ev ˆUj Avmv `yBwU
16 8
(Ans.) wewœQ®² NUbv| ˆKbbv ˆnW AvmGj ˆUj AvmGZ cvGi bv|
cÉk²  58 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 Avevi ˆUj AvmGj ˆnW AvmGZ cvGi bv| A^Ævr ˆnW I ˆUj
‰KwU ^GjGZ 10wU jvj (R), 5wU KvGjv (B), 4wU mv`v (W) ‰es ‰KmvG^ AvmGZ cvGi bv|
6wU njy` (Y) gvGeÆj AvGQ| Š`efvGe ‰KwU gvGeÆj ˆbIqv nGjv| L ˆgvU wUGKU msLÅv = 20 wU
K. Š`e cixÞv Kx? 2 wUGKUàGjvi gGaÅ 2 ‰i àwYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ ‰gb
L. gvGeÆjwU njy` A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4 msLÅvàGjv: 12, 18, 24, 30
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi
Ô AbyK„j bgybv we±`y = 4wU
mÁ¿vebv njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| 4
 wUGKUwU 2 ‰i àwYZK ‰es 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
58 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
4 1
K Š`e cixÞv t hLb ˆKvGbv cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj AvGM
 = = (Ans.)
20 5
ˆ^GK Rvbv ^vGK wK¯§ cixÞvwUGZ ˆKvGbv ‰KUv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆPÓ¡vq wK
M ˆgŒwjK msLÅv mÁ¼wjZ wUGKU nGjv:

djvdj AvmGe Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv hvq bv ZvGK Š`e cixÞv eGj| 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
L ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,
 Ô ˆgŒwjK msLÅv = 6wU
jvj gvGeÆj 10wU, KvGjv gvGeÆj 5wU, mv`v gvGeÆj 4wU, njy`
Avevi, 7 ‰i àwYZK msLÅv = 14, 21, 28
gvGeÆj 6wU
Ô 7 ‰i àwYZK = 3wU
ˆgvU gvGeÆj AvGQ = 10 + 5 + 4 + 6 = 25wU
5 1  wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi
 gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = =
25 5 mÁ¿vebv
6
 gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = =
6
+
3 6+3 9
= =
25 20 20 20 20
myZivs gvGeÆjwU njy` A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es wUGKGUi weGRvo bÁ¼iàGjv nGjv:
6 1 6 + 5 11
= + = = (Ans.) 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29
25 5 25 25
10 Ô weGRvo msLÅv = 10 wU
M gvGeÆjwU
 jvj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
Avevi, wUGKGUi 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅvàGjv nGjv:
4 12, 16, 20, 24, 28
gvGeÆjwU mv`v nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25
Ô 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 5wU
5
gvGeÆjwU KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25 Ô wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi
 gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv mÁ¿vebv
10 4 5 19 10 5 10 + 5 15
= + + = = + = =
25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20
6 9 15
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, gvGeÆjwU njy` nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 25 ‰LvGb, 20 < 20
6 19 AZ‰e, wUGKGUi bÁ¼iwU ˆgŒwjK A^ev 7 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi
 gvGeÆjwU njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1 – =
25 25
myZivs gvGeÆjwU jvj A^ev mv`v A^ev KvGjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv, mÁ¿vebv, bÁ¼iwU weGRvo A^ev 4 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi
gvGeÆjwU njy` bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgvb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ˆPGq Kg| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 57
cÉk²  60 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6  wUGKUwU weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 21
13

‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nj| (Ans.)

K. D`vniYmn mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv I bgybv ˆÞGòi msæv wjL| 2 cÉk²  62 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Probalility tree ‰i gvaÅGg bgybv
gykwdKzi iwnGgi meÆGkl 10wU Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGmi ivb
ˆÞò ŠZwi Ki| 4
wbÁ²i…c
M. DGÍÏwLZ cixÞvi RbÅ (i) KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW; ‰es (ii) 37, 51, 30, 2, 42, 38, 43, 62, 5, 13
wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4 K. ‰KwU wbiGcÞv gy`vË `yBevi wbGÞc Kiv nGj msNwUZ
60 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb NUbvi Probability tree AsKb Ki| 2
K mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv: hw` ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq NUbvàGjv NUvi
 L. ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv ‰es
mÁ¿vebv mgvb nq ZGe NUbvàGjvGK mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv eGj| bv Kivi mÁ¿vebvi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ˆhgb, ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wbGÞGc ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv M. ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGmi ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i
mgvb| ZvB ˆnW I ˆUj Avmv NUbv `ywU mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv| àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ 62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj| K ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv `yBevi wbGÞGci mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj
ˆhgb, hw` `ywU gy`Ëv ‰K mvG^ wbGÞc Kiv nq ZvnGj Probability Tree ‰i mvnvGhÅ wbGÁ² ˆ`Iqv nGjv:
bgybvGÞòwU nGe, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
H
L m†Rbkxj 6(L)bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-349

H
M bgybvGÞòwU, S = {HHT, HTH, HTT, HHH, THH, THT,

TTH, TTT} 1g evi wbGÞGc T
gy`Ëvi wcV
ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 8wU H
(i) KgcGÞ 1wU ˆnW Avmvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 7 wU T
7
 KgcGÞ 1wU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 (Ans.) T
(ii) wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`y = 1wU|
1 L Avgiv Rvwb,

 wZbwUB ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 (Ans.) DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj
ˆKvGbv NUbvi mÁ¿vebv =
cÉk²  61 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj
40ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ KÌwgK bÁ¼i ˆ`Iqv wUGKUàwj fvGjvfvGe wgwkGq gykwdKzi iwnGgi meÆGkl 10wU Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGmi
ivb ˆ`Iqv AvGQ|
‰KwU wUGKU Š`efvGe ˆbIqv nj
 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 10
K. wUGKUwU 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. wUGKUwU ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv Av¯¦RÆvwZK T-20 BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb ev Zvi AwaK KGiGQ
wbYÆq Ki| 4 ‰i…c NUbv nGjv 51 I 62
 AbyK„j djvdj = 2wU
M. wUGKUwU weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
 Zvi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv
wbYÆq Ki| 4
2 1
61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = = (Ans.)
10 5
K 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ ˆgvU Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv = 21wU
  Zvi ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGm AaÆkZ ivb bv Kivi mÁ¿vebv
Avevi, 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ 1 4
=1– =
msLÅv nGjv : 40, 48, 56 A^Ævr 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 3wU 5 5

3 1
wUGKUwU 8 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 21 = 7 (Ans.) AaÆkZ ivb Kivi mÁ¿vebv I AaÆkZ ivb bv Kivi mÁ¿vebvi
4 1 3
L 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv
 gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ = 5  5 = 5 (Ans.)
wefvRÅ msLÅvàGjv nGjv : 42, 48, 54, 60 M mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 10

A^Ævr ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 4wU ivb weGRvo nevi ˆmU = {37, 51, 43, 5, 13}
 wUGKUwU ˆgŒwjK bq ‰es 6 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ivb 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi ˆmU = {5, 30}
=
4
(Ans.)  ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi AbyK„j djvdGji ˆmU
21 = {37, 51, 43, 5, 13}  {5, 30}
M ‰LvGb, 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvàGjvi ˆgvU msLÅv
 = {37, 51, 43, 5, 13, 30}
= 21wU|  ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nevi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi
‰es 40 ˆ^GK 60 chƯ¦ msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i msLÅv = 6wU
àwYZK msLÅvàGjv nGjvt  ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU BwbsGmi ivb weGRvo A^ev 5 ‰i àwYZK
40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60 6 3
nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 10 = 5 (Ans.)
A^Ævr weGRvo ev 5 ‰i àwYZK = 13wU
58
cÉk²  63 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6  M ‘L’ ‰ cÉvµ¦ Probability tree ˆ^GK cvB,
‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv I ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc Kiv nj|
K. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki|
L. bgybvGÞò nGZ gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo msLÅv cvIqvi
mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki|
M. QØvevG` gy`ËvwU hw` 3 evi wbGÞc Kiv nq, ZGe KgcGÞ
‰KwU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki|
63 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K m†Rbkxj 3(L) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-348
L ‘K’ ‰i probability tree ˆ^GK bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe :
{H1, T1, H2, T2, H3, T3, H4, T4, H5, T5, H6, T6}
‰LvGb ˆgvU bgybv we±`y 12 wU| gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo
msLÅv cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv = 3wU
 gy`Ëvq ˆUj I QØvq weGRvo msLÅv cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
3 1
=
12 4
= (Ans.)
M m†Rbkxj 15(K) ‰i (i) bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-352
cÉk²  64 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
2
‰KRb ˆjvK PëMÉvg ˆ^GK evGm XvKv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5, XvKv
5
ˆ^GK ˆUÇGb ivRkvnx hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 8 ‰es ivRkvnx nGZ ˆµÏGb
3 Dcv`vbGK bgybv we±`y eGj|
Lyjbv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 10|
K. wbwøZ NUbv I AmÁ¿e NUbv Kx?
L. mÁ¿vebvi gvaÅGg Probability tree Aâb Ki|
M. PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKv evGm bq, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb
‰es ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbv ˆµÏGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ ˆei
Ki| ˆjvKwU XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb wK¯§ Lyjbv ˆµÏGb
bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki|
64 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K wbwøZ NUbvt ˆKvb cixÞvq ˆh NUbv AekÅB NUGe ZvGK
wbwøZ NUbv eGj| wbwøZ NUbvi ˆÞGò mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1 nq|
ˆhgb AvMvgxKvj mƒhÆ cƒeÆw`GK DVvi mÁ¿vebv ‰KwU wbwøZ
NUbv ‰es mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1|
AmÁ¿e NUbvt ˆKvb cixÞvq ˆh NUbv KLGbv NUGe bv A^Ævr
NUGZ cvGi bv ZvGK AmÁ¿e NUbv eGj|
ˆhgb@ AvMvgxKvj mƒhÆ cwøg w`GK DVv ‰KwU AmÁ¿e NUbv h^vKÌGg 50, 55, 60, 45, 40 ‰es 30 Rb| A, B, C kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ
‰es ‰i mÁ¿vebvi gvb 0|
L wbGÁ² Probability tree AsKb Kiv nGjvt
cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
PëMÉvg ˆ^GK XvKv evGm bq, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb ‰es
2 ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbvq ˆµÏGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
3 5 3
=   =
9
(Ans.)
4 5 8 10 80
Avevi, XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb wK¯§ ivRkvnx ˆ^GK Lyjbv
4 5 7 7
ˆµÏGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8  10 = 16 (Ans.)
cÉk²  65 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU QØv I `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KmGã wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
K. bgybv ˆÞò I bgybv we±`y Kx? 2
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree ŠZwi Ki ‰es bgybv
ˆÞòwU wjL| 4
M. gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK
Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
65 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K bgybvGÞòt ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq
MwVZ ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
bgybv we±`yt ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvq cÉvµ¦ bgybvGÞGòi cÉwZwU
ˆhgb: ‰KwU gy`Ëv ‰Kevi wbGÞc cixÞvq bgybvGÞò S = {H, T}
2 ‰es ‰LvGb H, T cÉGZÅGKB ‰K ‰KUv bgybv we±`y|
4 L m†Rbkxj 2(L) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-347
M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦, bgybvGÞGòi ˆgvU bgybv we±`y = 24wU|
‰LvGb, gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK
4 A^Ævr 6 Avmvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yàGjv nGjv: 6HT, 6TH, 6TT
A^Ævr, bgybv we±`y = 3 wU|
 gy`Ëvq KgcGÞ ‰KwU T ‰es QØvq 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK
3 1
Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 24 = 8 (Ans.)
cÉk²  66 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU Õ•zGji 9g ˆkÉwYi A, B, C, D, E I F kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ msLÅv
weævb wefvGMi, D I E kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi ‰es
F kvLvi wkÞv^xÆ gvbweK wefvGMi| DcwÕ©Z eÚ‡Zvi RbÅ ‰KRb
wkÞv^xÆ Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGjv|
K. wbwøZ NUbv I AmÁ¿e NUbv KvGK eGj? 2
L. wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^xÆ weævb wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq
Ki| 4
M. wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^xÆ gvbweK wefvGMi A^ev eÅemvq wkÞv
wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
66 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K wbwøZ NUbvt ˆKvGbv cixÞvq ˆh NUbv AekÅB NUGe ZvGK
wbwøZ NUbv eGj| wbwøZ NUbvi ˆÞGò mÁ¿vebvi gvb 1 nq|
AmÁ¿e NUbvt ˆKvGbv cixÞvq ˆh NUbv KLGbv NUGe bv A^Ævr
NUGZ cvGi bv ZvGK AmÁ¿e NUbv eGj| AmÁ¿e NUbvi
mÁ¿vebv me mgq kƒbÅ nq|
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 59
L ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (50 + 55 + 60 + 45 + 40 + 30) Rb
 cÉk²  68 XvKv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
= 280 Rb ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv
weævb wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (50 + 55 + 60) Rb K. D`vniYmn bgybvGÞGòi msæv `vI| 2
= 165 Rb L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK Probability tree-‰i gvaÅGg
 ‰KRb wkÞv^Æx Š`efvGe wbeÆvPb Kiv nGj, wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx bgybvGÞò ŠZwi Ki| 4
165 33 M. DGÍÏwLZ cixÞvi RbÅ wbGPi NUbvàGjv NUvi mÁ¿vebv
weævb wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 = 56 (Ans.)
wbYÆq Ki : 4
M ‘L’ nGZ cÉvµ¦,

(i) ˆKej ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqv;
ˆgvU wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 280 Rb| (ii) KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW cvIqv|
gvbweK wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = 30 Rb| 68 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi wkÞv^Æx msLÅv = (45 + 40) Rb = 85
K bgybvGÞò: ˆKvb Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ

Rb
ˆmUGK bgybvGÞò eGj|
30
wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx gvbweK wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 D`vniY: ‰KUv gy`Ëv wbGÞc KiGj `yBwU mÁ¿veÅ djvdj
Avevi, cvIqv hvq| h^v: ˆnW (H) I ˆUj (T)| ‰Lb, S «¼viv ‰
85 cixÞGYi djvdGji ˆmUGK mƒwPZ KiGj, Avgiv wjLGZ cvwi
wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx eÅemvq wkÞv wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 S = {H, T}
 wbeÆvwPZ wkÞv^Æx gvbweK wefvGMi A^ev eÅemvq wkÞv myZivs DÚ cixÞvi bgybvGÞò, S = {H, T}
30 85 30 + 85 L m†Rbkxj 15(K) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-352

wefvGMi nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 280 + 280 = 280
M (i) awi, NUbv, A = ˆKej ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqv bgybvGÞò

115 23 = {HHT, HTH, THH}
= = (Ans.)
280 56
 A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 3
cÉk²  67 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 ‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8
‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nj|  P(A) =
3
(Ans.)
8
K. D`vniYmn bgybvGÞGòi msæv `vI| 2
(ii) awi, NUbv, B = KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆnW cvIqvi bgybvGÞò
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability Tree AsKb KGi bgybv ˆÞòwU = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH}
wjL| 4  B NUbvq AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 7
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, wZbwU ˆnW cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es eoGRvi ‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8
`yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ 1| 4 7
 P(B) = (Ans.)
67 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 8

K ˆKvGbv Š`e cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj wbGq MwVZ ˆmUGK

 cÉk²  69 ivRkvnx ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
bgybvGÞò eGj| ‰KRb ˆjvGKi wPUvMvs ˆ^GK XvKv evGm hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5 , XvKv
9
D`vniY: aiv hvK `yBwU gy`Ëv ‰KmvG^ wbGÞc Kiv nGjv, 2
ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv , ivRkvnx ˆ^GK KzmyÁ¼v
ZvnGj bgybvGÞòwU nGe, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} 7
L m†Rbkxj 15(K) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-352
 gmwR` evGm hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 3| (wPUvMvs C, XvKv D, ivRkvnx
5
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

R‰es KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` M aZÆeÅ)
bgybvGÞò, S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, K. XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2
TTH, TTT}
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki| 4
‰LvGb, ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y 8wU|
M. Probability tree eÅenvi KGi XvKv evGm bq, ivRkvnxGZ
wZbwU ˆnW (H) cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv {HHH} = 1wU
ˆUÇGb ‰es KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` evGm bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq
1
 wZbwU ˆnW (H) cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 8 Ki| 4
Avevi, eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj (T) cvIqvi AbyK„j NUbv 69 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
{HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH} = 7wU
K ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, ˆjvKwUi XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb hvIqvi

2
 eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv =
7 mÁ¿vebv = 7
8
ˆhGnZz, mÁ¿vebvi mGeÆvœP gvb 1|
 wZbwU ˆnW I eoGRvi `yBwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebvi
1 7 1+7 8  XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx ˆUÇGb bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv
mgwÓ¡ = 8 + 8 = 8 = 8 = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 2 5
=1 = (Ans.)
7 7
60 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
L mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Kiv nGjv:
 L

H
M H
evGm T

R evGm bq H
ˆUÇGb M
H
evGm M T
evGm D T
R evGm bq
ˆUÇGb bq M
H
C
evGm M
ˆUÇGb R H
evGm bq evGm bq H
D
ˆUÇGb bq M T
evGm
R M T

H
evGm bq M T
T

M mÁ¿vebvi gvaÅGg Probability tree ˆ`LvGbv nGjv :


3 M H
5 H
3 2 T
1 =
R 5 5
2 M H
7 3
5 5 M H
9 D 3 2 T
R 1 =
2 5 5 5 T
C 1 = 3 M
7 7
2 5 T
R M
7
5 4 H
1 = D
9 9 3 2 M
1 = H
5 5 T
2 5 R
1 = 3 M
7 7 T
5
3 2
1 = M H
5 5
T
‰Lb, ˆjvKwUi XvKv evGm bq, ivRkvnxGZ ˆUÇGb ‰es KzmyÁ¼v T
gmwR` evGm bv hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv = P [XvKv evGm bq,
ivRkvnxGZ ˆUÇGb, KzmyÁ¼v gmwR` evGm bq]
4 2 2 16
=   = (Ans.)
9 7 5 315
cÉk²  70 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU gy`Ëv Pvi evi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv|
K. Š`e cixÞv ejGZ Kx eyS? 2  bgybvGÞò, S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT,
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es HTHH, HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH,
bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4 THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT}
M. PviwU ˆnW ‰es KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv KZ M ‘L’ ‰i bgybvGÞò ˆ^GK,

Zv ˆei Ki| 4 PviwU ˆnW cvevi djvdj = {HHHH} A^Ævr 1wU
70 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
 PviwU ˆnW (H) cvevi mÁ¿vebv = (Ans.)
K Š`e cixÞv: hLb ˆKvGbv cixÞvi mÁ¿veÅ mKj djvdj AvGM
 16
ˆ^GK Rvbv ^vGK, wK¯§ cixÞvwUGZ ˆKvGbv wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆPÓ¡vq Kx KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj (T) cvevi djvdj = 15wU
djvdj AvmGe Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv hvq bv, ZvGK Š`e cixÞv  KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj (T) cvevi mÁ¿vebv =
15
(Ans.)
16
eGj|
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 61
cÉk²  71 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 cÉk²  73 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU QØvGK `yBevi wbiGcÞfvGe wbGÞc Kiv nGjv iwdK XvKv nGZ ivRkvnx I ivRkvnx nGZ Lyjbv AvmGe eGj wÕ©i
K. hw` QØvwUGK `yBevGii cwieGZÆ ‰Kevi wbGÞc Kiv Kij| wK¯¦y ˆm evGm bv, ˆUÇGb hvGe Zv wÕ©i KiGZ cviwQj bv|
nGZv, ZGe weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 2 ZvB ˆm ‰KwU gy`Ëv `yBevi wbGÞc KGi wbGRi mÁ¿vebv hvPvB
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi Probability tree Aâb Ki ‰es KiwQj| ˆkGl ˆ`Lv ˆMj, Zvi XvKv nGZ ivRkvnx evGm hvIqvi
bgybvGÞòwU ˆjL| 4 mÁ¿vebv 2 ‰es ivRkvnx nGZ Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv 5|
7 8
M. DóxcGKi QØv ‰es ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞc Kiv nGj QØvq 5
K. mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv Kx? D`vniY `vI| 2
‰es gy`vË q H Avmvi mÁ¿vebv KZ? 4
L. iwdGKi wbGÞwcZ gy`Ëvi bgybv ˆÞò Probability tree ‰i
71 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
gvaÅGg wbYÆq Ki I HH Avmvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
K ‰KwU QØv wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybv ˆÞòwU nGe, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

M. Probability eÅenvi KGi, iwdGKi ivRkvnx evGm bq
myZivs mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 6
‰es Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
QØvq weGRvo msLÅvi ˆmU = {1, 3, 5}
73 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A^Ævr DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj = 3
K mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv: hw` ˆKvGbv cixÞvi NUbvàGjv NUvi mÁ¿vebv

 QØvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj weGRvo msLÅv Avmvi mÁ¿vebv
3 1 mgvb nq A^Ævr ‰KwU AciwUi ˆPGq ˆewk ev Kg mÁ¿veÅ bv nq
= = (Ans.) ZGe NUbvàGjvGK mgmÁ¿veÅ eGj| ˆhgb, ‰KwU wbiGcÞ gy`Ëv
6 2
L m†Rbkxj 14(M) bs mgvavGbi Abyi…c|
 wbGÞGc ˆnW ev ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv mgvb| myZivs ˆnW Avmv
M ‰KwU QØv ‰es ‰KwU gy`Ëv wbGÞc Kiv nGj bgybvGÞòwU nGe,
 ev ˆUj Avmv NUbv `yBwU mgmÁ¿veÅ NUbv|
{1H, 1T, 2H, 2T, 3H, 3T, 4H, 4T, 5H, 5T, 6H, 6T} L `yBevi gy`Ëv wbGÞGci Probability tree :

 mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 12
2q gy`Ëvq H
QØvq 5 ‰es gy`Ëvq H Avmvi AbyK„j NUbvi bgybvGÞò = {5H}
 DÚ NUbvi AbyK„j djvdj = 1 H
1 1g gy`Ëvi wcV T
P (QØvq 5 ‰es gy`Ëvq H Avmv) = (Ans.) 2q gy`Ëvq
12
cÉk²  72 PëMÉvg ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 2q gy`Ëvq H

‰KwU gy`Ëv wZbevi wbGÞc Kiv nGjv T

K. gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi T
2q gy`Ëvq
mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. mÁ¿veÅ NUbvi probability tree Aâb Ki
‰es bgybvGÞòwU wjL| 4  bgybvGÞò = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
M. wZbwU ˆnW ‰es KgcGÞ ‰KwU ˆUj cvIqvi mÁ¿vebv  ˆgvU bgybvwe±`y = 4
1
ˆei Ki| 4  HH Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 4 (Ans.)
72 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb M iwdGKi wewf®² DcvGq XvKv ˆ^GK ivRkvnx I ivRkvnx nGZ

K gy`ËvwU ‰Kevi wbGÞc KiGj bgybvGÞò, S = {H, T}
 Lyjbv hvIqvi Probability tree wbGÁ² ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
1 1
ˆnW Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 2 , ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebv = 2 5
ˆUÇGb 8  Lyjbv
1 1
 ˆnW I ˆUj Avmvi mÁ¿vebvi mgwÓ¡ = 2 + 2 = 1 2 
evGm 7  ivRkvnx
L m†Rbkxj 15(K) bs mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-352
 3 Lyjbv
XvKv ˆUÇGb bq 8 
M awi, NUbv, A = wZbwU ˆnW = {HHH}

5
 A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 1 ˆUÇGb 8  Lyjbv
1 evGm bq 5 
‰es ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = 8  P(A) = (Ans.)
8
7  ivRkvnx
Avevi, awi, NUbv B = KgcGÞ ‰KwU T cov ˆUÇGb bq 8 
3 Lyjbv
= {HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
 B NUbvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = 7
‰es ˆgvU bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = 8  iwdGKi ivRkvnx evGm bq ‰es Lyjbv ˆUÇGb hvIqvi
5 5 25

7
P(B) = (Ans.) mÁ¿vebv = 7  8 = 56 (Ans.)
8
62 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   DœPZi MwYZ
cÉk²  74 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6  2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
Rbve AvjGdÌW `kg ˆkÉwYi DœPZi MwYGZi KÑvGm wMGq H ˆkÉwYi AbyK„j mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 9
=
Qvòx ˆRwmGK 20 ˆ^GK 30 chƯ¦ Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvàGjv wjLGZ ejvq mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj = 11
ˆRwm Zv mwVKfvGe ˆevGWÆ wjLj| ‰ici wZwb QvòxG`i ˆh ˆKvGbv 2
Avevi, ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 11 [‘K’ nGZ]
‰KwU msLÅv Š`efvGe Pqb KiGZ ejGjb|
K. msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 2  msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es 2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZK
L. msLÅvwU c†^KfvGe 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv 2 9 11
nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆhvMdj = 11 + 11 = 11 = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
‰es ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
wbYÆq Ki| 4 cÉk²  75 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, msLÅvwU ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ‰es 2, 3 ev
‰KwU dGji SzwoGZ 2wU Avg, 24wU AvGcj ‰es 15wU Kgjv AvGQ|
5 ‰i àwYZK nIqvi mÁ¿vebvi ˆhvMdj 1| 4
74 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ^Gj nGZ Š`efvGe ‰KwU dj ˆbIqv nGjv|
K 20 ˆ^GK 30 msLÅvàGjvi gGaÅ ˆgŒwjK msLÅv = 2wU K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, ˆKvGbv NUbvi mÁ¿vebvi gvb 0 ˆ^GK 1 ‰i
ˆgvU msLÅv = 30 – 20 + 1 = 11wU gGaÅ mxgve«¬ ^vGK| 2
ˆgŒwjK nIqv AbyK„j djvdj 2 L. djwU Avg A^ev AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿v ebv wbYÆ q Ki| 4
 ˆgŒwjK nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = =
ˆgvU mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11 M. djwU Kgjv wK¯¦y AvGcj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv wbYÆq Ki| 4
2 9 75 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
( )
 ˆgŒwjK bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1  11 = 11 (Ans.)
K gGb Kwi, ‰KwU Š`e cixÞvi mmxg bgybvGÞò S ‰es DÚ

L 20 ˆ^GK 30 ‰i gGaÅ,
bgybvGÞGòi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ A ‰KwU NUbv|
2 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 6wU
 msLÅvwU 2 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv awi, S bgybvGÞGòi ˆgvU bgybv we±`yi msLÅv = n(S)
2 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 6 A NUbvi AbyK„j bgybvwe±`yi msLÅv = n(A)
=
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj
=
11
(Ans.)  mÁ¿vebvi, MvwYwZK msæv AbymvGi cvB,
3 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 4wU n(A)
P(A) = ........... (i)
n(S)
 msLÅvwU 3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv
‰wU Õ·Ó¡ ˆh, A NUbvi Dcv`vb msLÅv 0 ˆ^GK n(S) ‰i gGaÅ
3 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 4
=
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj =
11
(Ans.) ^vKGe|
5 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 3wU A^Ævr 0  n(A)  n(S)
0 n(A) n(S)
 msLÅvwU 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi mÁ¿vebv ev, n(S)  n(S)  n(S) [n(S) «¼viv fvM KGi]
5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyK„j djvdj 3
= = (Ans.) ev, 0  P(A)  1 [(i) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK]
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ djvdj 11
 0  P(A)  1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
msLÅvwU ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nGe, hw` Zv 15 «¼viv
wefvRÅ nq| L dGji SzwoGZ Avg 2wU, AvGcj 24wU ‰es Kgjv 15wU|
 15 «¼viv wefvRÅ msLÅv = 1wU  ˆgvU dj = 41
2
 ‰KB mvG^ 2, 3 I 5 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqv mÁ¿vebv djwU Avg nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 41
15 «¼viv wefvRÅ nIqvi AbyKzj NUbv 1
= = (Ans.) 24
mgMÉ mÁ¿veÅ NUbv 11 djwU AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 41
M ‰LvGb, 2 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv n(A) = 6
 2 24 2 + 24
djwU Avg A^ev AvGcj nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 41 + 41 = 41
3 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv n(B) = 4
5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv n(C) = 3 26
= (Ans.)
41
‰Lb, 2 I 3 ‰i àwYZK, n(A  B)
15
ev, 6 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 2 M djwU Kgjv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 41

Avevi, 3 I 5 ‰i àwYZK, n(B  C) 24
ev, 15 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 1 djwU AvGcj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 1 – 41 [‘L’ nGZ]
Avevi, 2 I 5 ‰i àwYZK, n(A  C) 17
=
ev, 10 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv = 2 41
 2, 3, 5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv, n(A  B  C) = 1 15 17
 djwU Kgjv wK¯§ AvGcj bv nIqvi mÁ¿vebv = 
41 41
 2, 3 ev 5 ‰i àwYZGKi msLÅv n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B)
255
+ n(C)  n(A  B)  n(B  C)  n(A  C) + n(A  B  C) = (Ans.)
1681
=6+4+3212+1=9