Mthbqa 24

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1
gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask
MwYZ
cvUÆ weˆmj&d AÅvGmmGg´Ÿ
AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ

2 cvGéix ‰m‰mwm ˆÕ·kvj mvwµÏGg´Ÿ   MwYZ
AaÅvq-2: ˆmU I dvskb

êvWÆ cixÞvi cÉk² I mgvavb
cÉk²  41 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1  L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK}
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2 − 5x + 6 = 0} 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqKàGjv nGjv = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
B = {x : x  ô ‰es 2 < x < 6}, C = {2, 4, 6} myZivs A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK}
K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 = {1, 2, 3} [12 ‰i àYbxqKàGjvi gGaÅ ˆhàGjv U ‰i gGaÅ we`Ågvb]
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (A\B)  (B\A) = (A  B)\(A  B). 4 Avevi, B = {x  ô : x2  3x + 2 = 0}
M. P(B) wbYÆq Ki| B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv n nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B) ‰Lb, x  3x + 2 = 0
2
ev, x2  2x  x + 2 = 0
‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2 ˆK mg^Æb KGi|
n
4
ev, x(x  2)  1(x  2) = 0
41 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, (x  2) (x  1) = 0
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0}
 nq x  2 = 0 Aêv x  1 = 0
‰LvGb, x2  5x + 6 = 0 x=2 x=1
ev, x2  3x  2x + 6 = 0 ˆhGnZy x  ô myZivs B = {1, 2}
ev, x(x  3)  2(x  3) = 0 ‰Lb, A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3}
A = U  A = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2, 3} = {3, 2, 1, 0}
ev, (x  3)(x  2) = 0
B = U  B = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2} = {3, 2, 1, 0, 3}
 x = 2, 3
evgcÞ = (A  B) = U  (A  B) = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3}  {1, 2, 3}
 A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
= {3, 2, 1, 0}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x : x  ô ‰es 2 < x < 6}
 WvbcÞ = A  B = {3, 2, 1, 0}  {3, 2, 1, 0, 3}
‰LvGb, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...........} = {3, 2, 1, 0}
 B = {3, 4, 5} (A  B) = A  B (mZÅZv hvPvB nGjv)
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, A = {2, 3} M C = {0, 1, 2, 3}

P(C) = {{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {0, 1}, {0, 2}, {0, 3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3},
‰Lb, A\B = {2, 3} \ {3, 4, 5} = {2}
{0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 3}, {0, 2, 3}, {0, 1, 3}, {0, 1, 2, 3}, }
B\A = {3, 4, 5} \ {2, 3} = {4, 5}
A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {2, 3, 4, 5}
‰LvGb P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 16
A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4, 5} = {3} ‰LvGb C ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv = 4
(A\B)  (B\A) = {2}  {4, 5} = {2, 4, 5}  P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 16 = 24
‰es (A  B) \ (A  B) = {2, 3, 4, 5} \ {3} = {2, 4, 5}  C ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv n nGj, P(C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb
 (A\B)  (B\A) = (A  B)\(A  B). (cÉgvwYZ) KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, B = {3, 4, 5}
 cÉk²  43 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
 P(B) = {{3, 4, 5}, {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {4, 5}, {3}, {4}, {5}, } A = {x : x  ô ‰es x  8x + 15 = 0}
2
‰LvGb B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}, D = {a, b, c}

‰es P(B) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23 = 2n K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
 P(B) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4
M. P(D) wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK
cÉk²  42 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
mg^Æb KGi| 4
U = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2 < 10} 43 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A = {x : x, 12 ‰i cÉK‡Z àYbxqK} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  8x + 15 = 0}

B = {x  ô : x2  3x + 2 = 0} ‰Lb, x2  8x + 15 = 0
C = {0, 1, 2, 3}
ev, x2  5x  3x + 15 = 0
K. U ˆK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 ev, x(x  5)  3(x  5) = 0
L. (A  B) = A  B-‰i mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4  (x  5) (x  3) = 0
M. P(C) wbYÆq KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh P(C)-‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb nq, x  5 = 0 Aêv, x  3 = 0
KGi| 4  x=5  x=3
 A = {3, 5} (Ans.)
42 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {3, 5}

K ‰LvGb, U = {x : x  Ù ‰es x2 < 10}

ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}
‰LvGb x mKj cƒYÆmsLÅv myZivs ‰Lb, B  C = {1, 3}  {2, 3} = {3}
x = 0 nGj, x2 = 0 < 10  A  (B  C) = {3, 5}  {3} = {(3, 3), (5, 3)}
x =  1 nGj x2 = 1 < 10 Avevi, A  B = {3, 5}  {1, 3} = {(3, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 3)}
x =  2 nGj x2 = 4 < 10 A  C = {3, 5}  {2, 3} = {(3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
 (A  B)  (A  C) = {(3, 1), (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 3)}
x =  3 nGj x2 = 9 < 10
 {(3, 2), (3, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
x =  4 nGj x = 16  10
2
= {(3, 3), (5, 3)}
myZivs U = {3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3} (Ans.)  A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, D = {a, b, c}
 L ˆÌqv AvGQ,

 P(D) = {{a, b, c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a}, {b}, {c}, } B = {x : x  ô, x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 8}
myZivs, ‰LvGb P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23  B = {2, 4, 6}
ˆhLvGb D ˆmGUi Dcv`vb msLÅv 3 ‰es U = {x : x  ô ‰es x  7}
 P(D) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
A = U  A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {3, 4, 5, 6}
cÉk²  44 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 = {1, 2, 7}
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0} B = U  B
B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 4, 6}
K. A ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ wbYÆq Ki| 2 = {1, 3, 5, 7}
L. P(B  C) wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb  A  B = {1, 2, 7}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1, 7}
 P(A  B) = {{1}, {7}, {1, 7}, } (Ans.)
msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). M
4  C = {x : x  ô I x, 6 ‰i àYbxqK}
6 ‰i àYbxqK hv Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv = 1, 2, 3, 6
 C = {1, 2, 3, 6}
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  5x + 6 = 0}

D=BC
‰Lb, x2  5x + 6 = 0
= {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 6} [‘L’ nGZ]
ev, x2  2x  3x + 6 = 0 = {4}
ev, x(x  2)  3(x  2) = 0 ‰Lb, B  C = {2, 4, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
 (x  2) (x  3) = 0
(B  C)  D = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}  {4}
nq, x  2 = 0 Aêv, x  3 = 0 = {(1, 4), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 4), (6, 4)} (Ans.)
 x=2  x=3
cÉk²  46 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
 A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4} P = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  7x + 6 = 0}
‰Lb, B  C = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {a, 1, 4} Q = {x : x  ô ‰es 1  x < 5}
 P(B  C) = {{a, 1, 4}, {a, 1}, {a, 4}, {1, 4}, {a}, {1}, {4}, } R = {2, 4, 6} nGj 
‰LvGb, B  C ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) K. P ˆmUwUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
‰es P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 8 = 23 = 2n L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (P\Q)  (Q\P) = (P  Q)\(P  Q). 4
 P(B  C) ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv 2n ˆK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R). 4
M ‰LvGb, B = {1, 4}, C = {a, 4}
‘K’ nGZ cvB, A = {2, 3}
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, P = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  7x + 6 = 0}

‰Lb, B  C = {1, 4}  {a, 4} = {4}
 A  (B  C) = {2, 3}  {4} = {(2, 4), (3, 4)} ‰Lb, x2  7x + 6 = 0
Avevi, A  B = {2, 3}  {1, 4} = {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)} ev, x2  6x  x + 6 = 0
A  C = {2, 3}  {a, 4} = {(2, a), (2, 4), (3, a), (3, 4)} ev, x(x  6)  1 (x  6) = 0
 (A  B)  (A  C)  (x  6) (x  1) = 0
= {(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)}  {(2, a), (2, 4), (3, a), (3, 4)} nq, x  6 = 0 Aêv, x  1 = 0
= {(2, 4), (3, 4)}
 x=6  x=1
 A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)  P = {1, 6} (Ans.)
L
 ‰LvGb, Q = {x : x  ô ‰es 1  x < 5}
cÉk²  45 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 Avgiv Rvwb, Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .....}
U = {x : x  ô ‰es x  7}  Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
A = {x : x  ô, x2 > 8 ‰es x3 < 220}  ‘K’ nGZ cvB, P = {1, 6}
B = {x : x  ô, x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 8} ‰Lb, P\Q = {1, 6} \ {1, 2, 3, 4} = {6}
C = { x : x  ô I x, 6 ‰i àYbxqK} Q \ P = {1, 2, 3, 4} \ {1, 6} = {2, 3, 4}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2  (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = {6}  {2, 3, 4} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
L. P(A  B) wbYÆq Ki| 4 Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1}
M. D = B  C nGj (B  C)  D wbYÆq Ki| 4
 (P  Q) \ (P  Q) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} \ {1} = {2, 3, 4, 6}
 (P \ Q)  (Q \ P) = (P  Q) \ (P  Q) (cÉgvwYZ)
K A = {x : x  ô, x > 8 ‰es x3 < 220}
 2
M ‰Lb, R = {2, 4, 6}

‰LvGb, x Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv A^Ævr ô = {1, 2, 3, .......} ‘K’ nGZ cvB, P = {1, 6}
‰Lb, x = 1 nGj, x2 = 1 u 8 ‰es x3 = 1 < 220
‘L’ nGZ cvB, Q = {1, 2, 3, 4}
x = 2 nGj, x2 = 4 u 8 ‰es x3 = 8 < 220
‰Lb, Q  R = {1, 2, 3, 4}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
x = 3 nGj, x2 = 9 > 8 ‰es x3 = 27 < 220
 P  (Q  R) = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4, 6}
x = 4 nGj, x2 = 16 > 8 ‰es x3 = 64 < 220 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6),
x = 5 nGj, x2 = 25 > 8 ‰es x3 = 125 < 220 (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
x = 6 nGj, x2 = 36 > 8 ‰es x3 = 216 < 220 Avevi, P  Q = {1, 6}  {1, 2, 3, 4}
x = 7 nGj, x2 = 49 > 8 ‰es x3 = 343 e 220 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
 A = {3, 4, 5, 6} (Ans.) (6, 3), (6, 4)}
P  R = {1, 6}  {2, 4, 6} 48 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = {x  ô : x2  5x + 6 = 0}

 (P  Q)  (P  R) = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2),
(6, 3), (6, 4)}  {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
‰LvGb, x2  5x + 6 = 0
= {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 6)} ev, x2  3x  2x + 6 = 0
 P  (Q  R) = (P  Q)  (P  R) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, x(x  3)  2(x  3) = 0
cÉk²  47 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1  (x  3) (x  2) = 0
nq, x  3 = 0 Aêv, x  2 = 0
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} x=3 x=2
A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0}  A = {2, 3} (Ans.)
B = {x : x  ô, x2 > 15 ‰es x3 < 225}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {3, 4}, C = {2, 4}

C = {x  ô : 4 < x  7}
 B  C = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {4}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2  P(B  C) = {{4}, }
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (B  C) = B  C. 4 Avevi, P(B) = {{3}, {4}, {3, 4}, }
M. A  (B  C) ‰es A  (B  C) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 P(C) = {{2}, {4}, {2, 4}, }
47 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb  P(B)  P(C) = {{4}, }
K ‰LvGb, A = {x : x  ô ‰es x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0}
  P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C) (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
‰Lb, x2  (a + b) x + ab = 0 M B  C = {3, 4}  {2, 4} = {2, 3, 4}

 A  (B  C) = {2, 3}  {2, 3, 4}
ev, x2  ax  bx + ab = 0
= {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
ev, x(x  a)  b(x  a) = 0
Avevi, A  B = {2, 3}  {3, 4} = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
ev, (x  a) (x b) = 0 A  C = {2, 3}  {2, 4} = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
nq x  a = 0 Aêv x  b = 0  (A  B)  (A  C) = {(2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 3), (3, 4)} 
x=a x=b {(2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 4)}
 A = {a, b} = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)}
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x : x  ô, x2 > 15 ‰es x3 < 225}
  A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (cÉgvwYZ)
Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvi ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3............} cÉk²  49 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1
x = 1 nGj x2 = 1 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 1 < 225 U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
x = 2 nGj x2 = 4 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 8 < 225 A = {x  ô : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es x  7}
x = 3 nGj x2 = 9 >/ 15 ‰es x3 = 27 < 225 B = { x  ô : x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 7}
x = 4 nGj x2 = 16 > 15 ‰es x3 = 64 < 225 K. B ˆK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2
x = 5 nGj x2 = 25 > 15 ‰es x3 = 125 < 225 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (A  B) = A  B. 4
x = 6 nGj x2 = 36 > 15 ‰es x3 = 216 < 225 M. hw` A I B ‰i Dcv`vbàGjvi gGaÅ y = x + 1 mÁ·KÆ
x = 7 nGj x2 = 49 > 15 ‰es x3 = 343 </ 225 weGePbvq ^vGK ZGe A¯¼qwU wbYÆq Ki| 4
 B = {4, 5, 6} 49 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
‰es C = {x  ô ; 4 < x  7} = {5, 6, 7} K ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = {x  ô : x ˆRvo msLÅv ‰es x < 7}

‰Lb B  C = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {4, 5, 6, 7} Avgiv Rvwb, Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvmgƒGni ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ........}
B = U  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {4, 5, 6} = {1, 2, 3, 7}  B = {2, 4, 6} (Ans.)
C = U  C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3, 4} L ˆÌqv AvGQ, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

evgcÞ = (B  C) = U  (B  C) A = {x  ô : x ˆgŒwjK msLÅv ‰es x  7}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {4, 5, 6, 7} = {1, 2, 3} Õ¼vfvweK msLÅvmgƒGni ˆmU, ô = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ........}
WvbcÞ = B  C = {1, 2, 3, 7}  {1, 2, 3, 4} = {1, 2, 3}  A = {2, 3, 5, 7}
 (B  C) = B  C (cÉgvwYZ) ‘K’ nGZ cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}
M ‘K’ nGZ A = {a, b}
 ‰Lb, A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
 (A  B) = U  (A  B)
‘L’ nGZ, B  C = {4, 5, 6, 7}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1}
Avevi, B  C = {4, 5, 6}  {5, 6, 7} = {5, 6}
Avevi, A = U  A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 3, 5, 7} = {1, 4, 6}
‰Lb, A  (B  C) = {a, b}  {4, 5, 6, 7} B = U  B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}  {2, 4, 6} = {1, 3, 5, 7}
= {(a, 4), (a, 5), (a, 6), (a, 7), (b, 4), (b, 5), (b, 6), (b, 7)} (Ans.)  A  B = {1, 4, 6}  {1, 3, 5, 7} = {1}
Avevi, A  (B  C) = {a, b}  {5, 6}  (A  B) = A  B (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= {(a, 5), (a, 6), (b, 5), (b, 6)} (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, A = {2, 3, 5, 7}

cÉk²  48 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 1 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, B = {2, 4, 6}
A = {x  ô : x2  5x + 6 = 0}, awi, A®¼qwU R = {(x, y) : x  A, y  B ‰es y = x + 1}
B = {3, 4}, C = {2, 4}.
‰LvGb, A  B = {2, 3, 5, 7}  {2, 4, 6}
K. A ˆmUGK ZvwjKv c«¬wZGZ cÉKvk Ki| 2 = {(2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6),
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, P(B  C) = P(B)  P(C). 4 (7, 2), (7, 4), (7, 6)}
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C). 4  wbGYÆq A®¼qwU R = {(3, 4), (5, 6)}
AaÅvq-3: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

cÉk²  49 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 50 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
x − 3 = 2 2 nGj,
2
K awi, msLÅvwU = a

K. x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 1
 msLÅvwUi àYvñK wecixZ msLÅv = a
1
L. x4 + 4 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 1
x cÉk²vbymvGi, a + a = 2 3 (Ans.)
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 58 2 4 
L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
1
49 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a+ =2 3
a
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x − 3 = 2 2
 2
1
ev, x2 = 3 + 2 2 cÉ`î ivwk = a3 + a3
ev, x2 = 2 + 2 2 + 1 3
ev, x2 = ( 2)2 + 2. 2.1 + (1)2

= (a + 1a) – 3. a. 1a (a + 1a)
ev, x2 = ( 2 + 1)2 = (2 3)3 – 3. 2 3 [gvb ewmGq]
 x =  ( 2 + 1) (Ans.) = 24 3 – 6 3
 = 18 3 (Ans.)
x = 2 + 1 [abvñK gvb wbGq]
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1
1 1 a3 + = 18 3
 = a3
x 2+1 6
a +1
1  ( 2 − 1) ev, a3
= 18 3
= [je I ni ˆK ( 2 − 1) «¼viv àY KGi]
( 2)2 − (1)2 ev, a6 + 1 = 18 3a3
=
2−1
= 2−1 ev, a6 – 18 3a3 + 1 = 0
2−1
ev, (a3)2 – 2. a3. 9 3 + (9 3)2 – (9 3)2 + 1 = 0
1
x+ = 2+1+ 2−1=2 2
x ev, (a3 – 9 3)2 = 243 – 1
1 1 2 ev, (a3 – 9 3)2 = 121  2
cÉ`î ivwk = x4 + x4 = (x2)2 + x2 () ev, a3 – 9 3 = 11 2 [eMÆgƒj KGi]
1 2
1 1 2
1 2
ev, a3 = 9 3 + 11 2
( )
= x + 2
x
2 2
− 2.x . 2 =
x {( ) x+
x
− 2. x.
}
x
−2
=3 3+9 2+6 3+2 2
= {(2 2)2 − 2}2 − 2 = (8 − 2)2 − 2 = (6)2 − 2 =( 3)3 + 3( 3)2 . 2 + 3. 3( 2)2 + ( 2)3
= 36 − 2 = 34 (Ans.) =( 3 + 2)3
  a = 3 + 2 (cÉgvwYZ)
1 1
x + = 2 2 ‰es x4 + 4 = 34 cÉk²  51 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1
x x
1 1 2
 x+ ( )( x x )
x4 + 4 = 2 2  34
b – 2 6b + 1 = 0
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, b + b = 2 6.
1
2
1 1
ev, x5 + x3 + x3 + x5 = 68 2 1
L. b3 (b6 – 1) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 68 2 − x3 + x3 )( M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, b5 + b5 = 922 6.
1
4
3
= 68 2 −
{(x + 1x) − 3. x. 1x (x + x1)} 51 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, b2  2 6b + 1 = 0

= 68 2 − {(2 2)3 − 3. 2 2}
ev, b2 + 1 = 2 6b
= 68 2 − (16 2 − 6 2)
b2 1
= 68 2 − 10 2 = 58 2 ev, b + b = 2 6
1
 x5 +
x5
= 58 2 (cÉgvwYZ) 
1
b+ =2 6 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
b
cÉk²  50 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 1 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

1
ˆKvGbv msLÅv I H msLÅvi àYvñK wecixZ msLÅvi mgwÓ¡ 2 3| b+ =2 6
b
K. msLÅvwUGK a PjGK cÉKvk KGi DcGii Z^ÅGK ‰KwU 1 2 1 2 1
mgxKiGYi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2  ( ) ( )
b
b
= b+
b
 4b.
b
1 = (2 6)2  4 = 4.6  4 = 24  4 = 20
L. a + 3 ‰i
3
a
gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1
b = 20 = 4  5 = 2 5
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a = 3 + 2 4 b
1 b6 1 cÉk²  53 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1
cÉ`î ivwk = b3 (b6  1) = b3  b3
2
1 3 p =7+4 3
= b3 
b3
= (b  1b) + 3b.1b(b  1b) K. p ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= (2 5)3 + 3.2 5 = 8.5 5 + 6 5 p6 − 1
L. p3
‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 40 5 + 6 5 = 46 5 (Ans.)
1 1
M
 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, b + b = 2 6 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, p5 + 5 = 724.
p
4
1 2 53 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
( )
ev, b + b = (2 6)2 [eMÆ KGi]
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

1 1
ev, b2 + 2b.b + b2 = 4.6 p2 = 7 + 4 3
1 =4+4 3+3
ev, b2 + b2 = 24  2
= 22 + 2.2 3 + ( 3)2
1
 b2 + 2 = 22 = (2 + 3)2
b
1  p = 2 + 3 [eMÆgƒj KGi] (Ans.)
Avevi, b + b = 2 6

1 3
( )
ev, b + b = (2 6)3 [Nb KGi] p=2+ 3
1 1 2– 3 2− 3
1 1 1  = = =
( )
ev, b3 + b3 + 3b.b b + b = 8.6 6 p 2 + 3 (2 + 3) (2 – 3) 22 − ( 3)2
2– 3
1
ev, b3 + b3 + 3.2 6 = 48 6 =
4–3
=2− 3
6 6
1 p –1 p 1 1
ev, b3 + b3 = 48 6  6 6 ‰Lb, p3 = p3 – p3 = p3 – p3
1
(p – 1p) + 3.p.1p(p – 1p)
3
 b3 + 3 = 42 6 =
b
1 1
( )(
‰Lb, b2 + b2 b3 + b3 = 22  42 6 ) = (2 + 3 – 2 + 3)3 + 3(2 + 3 – 2 + 3)
= (2 3)3 + 3  2 3
1 1
ev, b5 + b + b + b5 = 924 6 =83 3+6 3
1 1 = 24 3 + 6 3
ev, b5 + b5 + b + b = 924 6
= 30 3 (Ans.)
1
ev, b5 + b5 + 2 6 = 924 6 M ‘K’ I ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1 1
ev, b5 + b5 = 924 6  2 6 p = 2 + 3 ‰es = 2 – 3
p
1 1
 b5 + 5 = 922 6 (cÉgvwYZ) p+ =2+ 3+2– 3=4
b p
1
cÉk²  52 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 evgcÞ = p5 + p5
2
x – 2x + 1 = 0
K. Drcv`GK weGkÏlY KGiv: a4 + a2 + 1.
1
2 = (p + p1 ) (p + p1 ) – (p + 1p)
3
3
2
2
L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, x2 + 2 = x4 + x–4 4 1 1 1 1 1 

{ p p }{( p) p}
=  (p + ) – 3.p. (p + )
3 2
x p+ – 2.p.
1 p
M. x5 – 5 ‰i
x
gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 4
1
– (p + )
52 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb p
K a4 + a 2 + 1
 = {(43 – 3  4) (42 – 2)} – 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= (a ) + 2 .a .1 + (1)  a = (a + 1)  a = (64 – 12) (16 – 2) – 4
= (a2 + 1 + a) (a2 + 1  a) = (a2 + a + 1) (a2  a + 1) (Ans.) = (52  14) – 4
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x2  2x + 1 = 0 = 728 – 4 = 724
ev, (x)2  2 . x . 1 + (1)2 = 0 = WvbcÞ
ev, (x 1)2 = 0 ev, x 1 = 0
\ x=1 cÉk²  54 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2
1 1 1
evgcÞ = x2 + x2 = (1)2 + (1)2 = 1 + 1 = 2 x + = 6, nGj 
x
1 1
WvbcÞ = x4 + x4 = x4 + x4 = (1)4 + (1)4 = 1 + 1 = 2
(x  1x) ‰i gvb KZ?
2
K. 2
1
\ x2 + 2 = x4 + x4 (cÉgvwYZ) 1
x L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 + x3 = 198. 4
1 1
M
 x5  5 = (1)5 
x (1)5
[gvb ewmGq] 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 6726. 4
= 1  1 = 0 (Ans.)
54 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 3 3 3
=3 3– +
1 4 4
K
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + x = 6
=3 3
1 2 1 2 1
( ) ( )
Avgiv Rvwb, x − x = x + x − 4.x.x  3
x +y +
27
4
3
=3 3 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= (6)2 − 4 M ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + y = 3

= 36 − 4
= 32 (Ans.) ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
1 1 3 1 1 x–y= 2
L
 3
x + 3= x+
x ( )
x
− 3./x.
x/
x+
x ( ) xy =
1
4
= (6)3 − 3.6
= 216 − 18 cÉ`î ivwk = 16xy (x2 + y2)
= 198 1 (x + y)2 + (x – y)2
1 = 16  
4 2
[‘K’ nGZ]
 x + 3 = 198 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
3
x 2
( 3) + ( 2)2
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 =4
2
[gvb ewmGq]
1 = 2  (3 + 2)
x+ =6
x
=25
( 1) = (6) [eMÆ KGi]
2
ev, x + x 2 = 10 (Ans.)
1 1 cÉk²  56 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2

ev, x2 + 2.x.x + x2 = 36
x = 3 + 2 2 nGj@
1
ev, x2 + x2 = 36 − 2 1
K. x wbYÆq Ki| 2
2 1 1
 x + 2 = 34 L. x6 + x6 ‰i gvb KZ? 4
x
1
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, x3 + x3 = 198 1 3
1 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ( x) –
3
( )x
= 14. 4
(
‰Lb, x3 + x3 )( x
2
x + 2 ) = 198  34 56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1
ev, x5 + x + x + x5 = 6732 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x=3+2 2
1 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 6732 − 6 [‹ x + x = 6] 1
 =
1
x 3+2 2
1
 x5 + 5 = 6726 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 32 2
x =
cÉk²  55 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 (3 + 2 2)(3  2 2)
32 2
x + y = 3 ‰es x − y = 6 nGj@
2 2
=
32  (2 2)2
K. xy ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
32 2
27 =
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 + y3 + 4 = 3 3 4 98
M. 16xy (x2 + y2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 3  2 2 (Ans.)
55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, x = 3 + 2 2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x + y = 3 ‰es x2 – y2 = 6
 ‰es ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
1
‰Lb, x2 – y2 = 6 x
=32 2
ev, (x + y) (x – y) = 6 1
6 x+ =3+2 2+32 2=6
x
ev, x – y = [ x + y = 3]
3 1 1 2 1
ev, x – y =
3. 2 ( )
‰Lb, x2 + x2 = x + x  2.x.x
3 = 62  2 = 36  2 = 34
1 1 3
x–y= 2
Avgiv Rvwb, x ()
 x6 + 6 = (x2)3 +
x2
1 1
xy =
4
2
(x + y) – (x – y) ( 3) – ( 2)
=
4
=
3–2
4
2 2 2
( )
= x2 + 2 3  3.x2. 2
x x (x + x1 )
2
2
1 = (34)3  3.34
 xy = (Ans.) = 39304  102
4
 = 39202 (Ans.)
1 M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x+y= 3 ‰es xy = 4
x=3+2 2
27
‰Lb, x3 + y3 + 4 ev, x = 2 + 2 2 + 1
27 ev, x = ( 2)2 + 2.1. 2 + 12
= (x + y)3 – 3xy(x + y) +
4
ev, x = ( 2 + 1)2
1 9.3
= ( 3)3 – 3. . 3 +
4 4
[gvb ewmGq]  x = 2 + 1 [eMÆgƒj KGi]

1
=
1 cÉk²  58 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
x 2+1
‰KwU abvñK msLÅvi eMÆ H msLÅvi cuvPàY nGZ 1 Kg|
21
= 1
( 2 + 1)( 2  1) K. abvñK msLÅvwU x nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, x + x = 5 2
21 1
=
( 2)2  12
L. x3  x3 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
1
=
21 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 2525 4
21
= 21
1 K cÉk²gGZ, 5x  x = 1
 2
 x = ( 2 + 1)  ( 2  1)
x ev, x2 + 1 = 5x
= 2+1 2+1=2 x2 + 1
ev, x
=5 [DfqcÞGK x «¼viv fvM KGi]
1 3 1 3 1 1
‰Lb, ( x)3  ( ) ( x
= x
x ) + 3. x.
x ( x
)
x 1
 x+ =5
x
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
3
= 2 + 3.2 = 8 + 6 = 14
2 2
 ( x)3 
( )1
x
3
= 14 (cÉgvwYZ) L
 ( ) ( )  4.x.1x [ (a  b) = (a + b)  4ab]
x
1
x
= x+
1
x
2 2
2
cÉk²  57 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 1 = 5  4 = 21
1
a + a b + b = 21 ‰es a + ab + b = 7, ˆhLvGb a, b abvñK ‰es a > b.
4 2 2 4 2
K. a2  ab + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|

2
2
 x
x
= 21 ( )
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 8ab(a2 + b2) = 80. 4 ‰Lb x3  x3
M. a I b ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 3
1 1 1
57 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = x
x
+ 3.x.
x( )x
x ( )
[ a3  b3 = (a  b)3 + 3ab(a  b)]
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 21
= ( 21 )3 + 3( 21 )
‰es a2 + ab + b2 = 7, ˆhLvGb a, b abvñK ‰es a > b
= 21 21 + 3 21
‰LvGb, a4 + a2b2 + b4 = 21
= 24 21 (Ans.)
ev, (a2)2 + 2.a2b2 + (b2)2 − a2b2 = 21 1
ev, (a2 + b2)2 − (ab)2 = 21 M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, x + x = 5
ev, (a2 + b2 + ab) (a2 + b2 − ab) = 21 1 1
2
1
ev, (a + ab + b ) (a − ab + b ) = 21
2 2 2 2 x2
+
x2 = x +
x ( )
– 2.x. [ a2 + b2 = (a + b)2  2ab]
x
ev, 7 (a2 – ab + b2) = 21 2
=5 2
2 2
 a − ab + b = 3 (Ans.) = 23
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a2 + ab + b2 = 7 .................. (i)
 1 1
3
1
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, a2 − ab + b2 = 3 ............. (ii) ( )
‰es x3 + x3 = x + x  3.x.x (x + 1x)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, [ a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)]
2a2 + 2b2 = 10 3
= 5  3.5
ev, 2(a2 + b2) = 10 = 125  15
 a2 + b 2 = 5
= 110
Avevi, mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK (ii) weGqvM KGi cvB, 1 1
2ab = 4
 ab = 2
‰Lb, (x3 + 3
x )(
x2 + 2
x ) = 23  110
1 1
 evgcÞ = 8ab (a2 + b2) = 8  2  5 ev, x5 + x + x + x5= 2530
= 80 = WvbcÞ
1 1
 8ab (a2 + b2) = 80 (cÉgvwYZ) ev, x5 + x5 + x + x = 2530
 1
a2 + b2 = 5 ............... (i) ev, x5 + x5 + 5 = 2530 [gvb ewmGq]
‰es ab = 2 ............. (ii) 1
 x5 + = 2525 (cÉgvwYZ)
Avgiv cvB, (a2 − b2)2 = (a2 + b2)2 − 4a2b2 x5
= 52 − 4.22 = 25 − 16 = 9 cÉk²  59 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
 a − b = 3 ................ (iii) [‹ a > b ‰es a, b
2 2
abvñK]
mgxKiY (i) I (iii) ˆhvM KGi cvB, a = 6 + 5 nGj,
2 1
2a = 8
K. a wbYÆq Ki| 2
ev, a2 = 4
 a = 2, [‹ a > 0] 1
L. a3 + a3 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰Lb, a ‰i gvb mgxKiY (ii) ‰ ewmGq cvB,
1
2b = 2  b = 1 M. a6 + a6 gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
 a = 2 ‰es b = 1 (Ans.)
59 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  61 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a = 6 + 5
 x  5x + 1 = 0 ‰KwU exRMvwYwZK mgxKiY|
2
1 1
 = 1
a 6+ 5 K. x + x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
6 5 1
=
( 6 + 5) ( 6  5) L. x4  x4 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
6– 5 1
= M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 = 5 5. 4
( 6)2 – ( 5)2
6 5 61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
=
65 K x2  5 x + 1 = 0

= 6  5 (Ans.)
ev, x2 + 1 = 5 x
1
L
 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, a = 6 + 5 , a = 6  5 x2 + 1
ev, x
= 5 [Dfq cÞGK x «¼viv fvM KGi]
1
 a+ = 6 + 5 + 6  5 =2 6 1
a  x + = 5 (Ans.)
x
1 1 3 1 1
( )
‰Lb, a3 + a3 = a + a  3.a.a a + a ( ) L

1
x2 + 2 = x +
x
1 2
( )
x
1
 2.x. [‹ a2 + b2 = (a + b)2  2ab]
x
1
= (2 6 )3  3.2 6 [‹ a + = 2 6 ]
a = ( 5 )2  2 = 5  2 = 3
1 2 1 2 1
= 48 6  6 6
= 42 6 (Ans.)
Avevi, ( ) ( )
x
x
= x+
x
 4.x. [‹ (a  b)2 = (a + b)2  4ab]
x
1 = ( 5 )2  4 = 5  4 = 1
M
 ‘L’ nGZ cvB, a3 + a3 = 42 6
1
1 1 2  x = 1=1
x
()
‰Lb, a6 + a6 = (a3)2 + a3
1 1 1
1 2
= (a + )  2.a .
3
3
1 3
3
( )( )
‰Lb, x4  x4 = x2  x2 x2 + x2 [ a2  b2 = (a  b) (a + b)]
a a 1 1 1
1 = (x  ) (x + ) (x + ) =  (1) 5.3
2
2
= (42 6 )2  2 [ a3 + = 42 6 ] x x x
a3
=  3 5 (Ans.)
= 10582 (Ans.)
3
cÉk²  60 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 1
hw` p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3 nq, ˆhLvGb, p > q.

M
 x3 + 3 =
x ( )  3.x.1x (x + 1x)
x+
1
x
[‹ a3 + b3 = (a + b)3  3ab(a + b)]
K. (p  q) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 3
= ( 5 )  3. 5
L. p3  q3  5 (p2  q2) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 =5 53 5
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p5 + q5 = 4806. 4 =2 5
60 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1 1
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3 nq, ˆhLvGb, p > q

‰Lb, (x2 + 2
x )( ) = x + x + 1x + x1
x3 + 3
x
5
5
Avgiv Rvwb, (p  q)2 = (p + q)2  4pq 1 1

ev, 3.2 5 = x + x + (x + x)
5
5
= (6)2  4.3 [gvb ewmGq]
= 36  12 1
ev, 6 5 = x5 + x5 + 5
= 24
 p  q = 2 6 (Ans.) 1
ev, x5 + x5 = 6 5  5
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6, pq = 3
 1
‘K’ nGZ cvB, p  q = 2 6  x5 +
x5
=5 5 (cÉgvwYZ)
‰Lb, p3  q3  5(p2  q2)
= (p  q)3 + 3pq(p  q)  5(p + q)(p  q) cÉk²  62 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
= (2 6 )3 + 3.3.2 6  5.6.2 6 [gvb ewmGq] a = 6 + 5 nGj 
= 48 6 + 18 6  60 6 1
= 6 6 (Ans.)
K. a ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3
 1 1
evgcÞ = p5 + q5
(
L. a2  a2 )(
a3  3
a ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
= p5 + p3q2 + p2q3 + q5  p3q2  p2q3 a12  1
M. a6
= 1932 30 ‰i mZÅZv hvPvB Ki| 4
= p3(p2 + q2) + q3(p2 + q2)  p2q2(p + q)
= {(p2 + q2)(p3 + q3)}  (pq)2(p + q) 62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= [{(p + q)2  2pq} {(p + q)3  3pq(p + q)}]  (pq)2(p + q)
K m†Rbkxj cÉk² 59(K) ‰i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|

= [{(6)2  2.3} {(6)3  3.3.6}]  (3)2.6 [gvb ewmGq]
1
= (36  6) (216  54)  9.6 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, a = 6 + 5 , a = 6  5

= 30.162  54
1
= 4860  54 = 4806  a+ = 6+ 5 + 6 5 =2 6
a
= WvbcÞ 1
 p5 + q5 = 4806 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ‰es a  a = 6 + 5  6 + 5 = 2 5
( 1 ) (a  a1 ) (p + p1 ) = 18
2
‰Lb, a2  a2 3
3 ev, 2
2
2
3 1 1
ev, p4 + p4 + 2.p2. p2 = 324 [ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
=
{(a + 1a) (a  1a)} {(a  1a) + 3.a.1a (a  1a)} 1
= {2 6 .2 5 } {(2 5 )3 + 3.2 5 } [gvb ewmGq] ev, p4 + p4 + 2 = 324
= 4 6 . 5 ( 40 5 + 6 5 ) [gvb ewmGq] 1
ev, p4 = 324  p4  2 [cÞv¯¦i KGi]
= 4 6 . 5 .46 5
1
= 920 6 (Ans.) ev, p4 = 322  p4 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

1 1 cÉk²  64 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2
a =2 5,a+ =2 6
a a x4  x2 + 1 = 0 nGj 
a12  1 1 1
evgcÞ = a6 = a  a6
6
K. x + x ‰i gvb KZ? 2
x6 + 1
( ) ( ) (a  a1 )
= (a3)2 
1 2
a3
1
= a3 + 3
a
3
3 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x3 = 0.
1
4
3 3
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, x5 + x5 =  3. 4
{ 1a 1a 1a } {(a  1a) + 3.a.1a (a  1a)}
= (a + )  3.a. (a + )
= {(2 6 )3  3.2 6 }.{(2 5 )3 + 3.2 5 } [gvb ewmGq]
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, x4  x2 + 1 = 0

= (48 6  6 6 ) (40 5 + 6 5 ) x4 + 1 x2
= 42 6 .46 5 ev, x4 + 1 = x2 ev, x2 = x2
= 1932 30 x4 1 1
ev, x2 + x2 = 1 ev, x2 + x2 = 1
= WvbcÞ
2 2

a12  1
a6
= 1932 30 (mZÅZv hvPvB Kiv nGjv) ( 1)  2.x.x1 = 1
ev, x + x
2
( 1) = 1 + 2
ev, x + x
cÉk²  63 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 2 1
ev, (x + x) = 3
p2  1 = 4p nGj  1
 x + =  3 (Ans.)
1 2 x
K. ( ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
p+
p
2
L

1
‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦, x + x = 3 [÷ay abvñK gvb wbGq]
p3 + 5p 3
L. p4 + 4p2  5  64 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 evgcÞ = x3
x6 + 1
1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p4 = 322  p4 4 x6 1
= 3+ 3
x x
63 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = x3 + 3
1
p2  1 1 x
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p  1 = 4p ev,
 2
p
= 4 ev, p  = 4
p 1 3 1 1
1 2 1 2 1
= x+
x( ) 3.x.
x
x+
x ( )
‰Lb, ( ) ( )
p+
p
= p
p
+ 4.p. { (a + b) = (a  b)2 + 4ab}
p
2
= ( 3)  3 3
3
= 42 + 4 = 20 (Ans.) =3 33 3
p3 + 5p 3 =0
L p4 + 4p2  5  64
 = WvbcÞ
x6 + 1
=
p(p2 + 5) 3
 64  x3 = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
p + 5p2  p2  5
4
1
p(p2 + 5) 3 M
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ x + x = 3 [÷ay abvñK gvb wbGq]
=  64
p (p + 5)  1(p2 +5)
2 2
‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦,
p(p2 + 5) 1
= 2 4 x3 + = 0 ............... (i)
(p + 5)(p2  1) x3
4p 1 1 2 1
= 2
p 1
4p
 x2 + 2 = x +
x ( )
x
 2.x. = ( 3 )2  2 = 3  2 = 1
x
= [ p2  1 = 4p] 1
4p  x2 + 2 = 1 .............. (ii)
x
= 1 (Ans.)
(i) I (ii) bs àY KGi,
1
M
 ‰Lb, p  p = 4 1 1
1 2
( x3 + 3
x )(
x2 + 2 = 0  1
x )
( )
ev, p  p = 42 1 1 1
ev, x5 + x3.x2 + x3 .x2 + x5 = 0
1 1 1 1
ev, p2 + p2  2.p.p = 16 [ (a  b)2 = a2  2ab + b2] ev, x5 + x5 + x + x = 0
1 1
ev, p2 + p2  2 = 16 ev, x5 + x5 + 3 = 0
1 1
ev, p2 + p2 = 18  x5 + 5 =  3 (cÉgvwYZ)
x
AaÅvq-4: mƒPK I jMvwi`g

cÉk²  27 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 28 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
xa xb xc
L, M, N wZbwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk ˆhLvGb, L = xb , M = xc , N = xa. K log
 324 = log (3 2 )4 = 4 log 3 2
3 2 3 2 3 2
K. L = 1 nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, a = b. 2 = 4.1 [ logaa = 1]
ab bc ca = 4 (Ans.)
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, L  M  N = 1. 4
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = 6p+q, B = 6q+r, C = 6r+p

4
(A)  (BC)  (AC)
p+r q+p r+q
logkLa+b + logk Mb+c + logkNc+a = 0. ‰Lb, B
27 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb p+q q+r r+p
6 6 6
p+r q+p r+q
=(
6 )
(
6 )
(
6 )
K L=1
 q+r r+p p+q [gvb ewmGq]
a
x = (6 p+qqr p+r
)  (6 q+rr p q+p
)  (6 r+ppq r+q
)
ev, xb = 1
= (6p  r)p + r  (6q  p)q + p  (6r  q)r + q
ev, xa  b = x0 = 6p
2  r2
 6q
2  p2
 6r
2  q2
ev, a  b = 0 =6 p2  r2 + q2  p2 + r2  q2
 a = b (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) = 60
ab bc ca = 1 (Ans.)
L evgcÞ =
 L M N
1 1 1 M ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = 6p+q, B = 6q+r, C = 6r+p

xa xb xc
= ( ) ( ) ( )
xb
ab
xc
bc
xa
ca
[L, M, N ‰i gvb ewmGq] evgcÞ = (AB)p  r  (BC)q  p  (CA)r  q
1 1 1 = (6p + q.6q + r)p  r (6q + r.6r + p)q  p  (6r + p.6p + q)r  q [gvb ewmGq]
= (xa − b)ab  (xb − c)bc  (xc − a)ca = (6 p+q+q+r pr
)  (6 q+r+r+p qp
)  (6 ) r+p+p+q rq
a−b b−c c−a

+ + = (6p + 2q + r)p  r  (6q + 2r + p)q  p  (6r + 2p + q)r  q
= x ab bc ca
2 + 2pq + pr  pr  2qr  r2 2 + 2qr + pq  pq  2pr  p2 2 + 2pr + qr  qr  2pq  q2
ac − bc + ab − ac + bc − ab = 6p  6q  6r
= x abc p2 + 2pq  2qr  r2 + q2 + 2qr  2pr  p2 + r2 + 2pr  2pq  q2
=6
0
= 60
= xabc
= x =1 = WvbcÞ
=1  (AB)P  r  (BC)q  p  (CA)r  q = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= WvbcÞ
ab bc ca
 L M N=1 (cÉgvwYZ)
M evgcÞ = logkL + logk M + logkNc+a
 a+b b+c
a a+b b b+c c c+a

= log (xx )
b + log (xx ) c + log (xx )
a
[L, M, N ‰i gvb ewmGq]

a+b b+c c+a
= log (xa − b) + log (xb − c) + log (xc − a)
2 − b2 2 − c2 2 − a2
= log xa + log xb + log xc
a2 − b2 b2 − c2 c2 − a2
= log (x .x .x )
2 2 2 2 + c2 − a2
= log (xa − b + b − c )
= log x = log 1
= 0 [ log 1 = 0]
= WvbcÞ
 logkLa+b + logk Mb+c + logkNc+a = 0 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
cÉk²  28 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
nGj 
A = 6p+q, B = 6q+r, C = 6r+p
K. log3 2 324 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
p+r q+p r+q
L. (AB)  (BC)  (AC) ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, (AB)pr  (BC)qp  (CA)rq = 1. 4
AaÅvq-6: îLv, ˆKvY I wòfzR

cÉk²  15 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 4 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
ABC ‰i AB, BC ‰es AC evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q, R. (1) POQ = POR = 1 mgGKvY [ˆhGnZz, PO  QR]
K. gaÅgvmn wòfzRwU ‰uGK ˆ`LvI| 2 (2) ‰Lb, mgGKvYx POQ I PRO ‰i gGaÅ
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + AC > 2AQ 4 AwZfzR PQ = AwZfzR PR [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ = 2 AC. 4 PO = PO [mvaviY evü]
 POQ  PRO
15 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A
[AwZf„R-evü
 QO = OR
K wPGò, ABC ‰i AB, BC ‰es AC
 meÆmgZv Dccv`Å]
evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg P, Q I R| (3) QO + OR = QR [AâbvbymvGi]
P R
A, Q; B, R ‰es C, P ˆhvM Kwi| ev, QO + QO = QR [avc-2 ˆ^GK]
AQ, BR ‰es CP h^vKÌGg  ABC ev, 2QO = QR
‰i wZbwU gaÅgv| B
Q
C
1
 QO = QR
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
A
L cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AB + AC > 2AQ.
 M cÉk²-15(L) ‰i mgvavGbi Abyic
 … |
Aâb: AQ ˆK M chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb
AQ = QM nq| C, M ˆhvM Kwi|
B Q C PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S I T|
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò AsKb Ki| 2
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ST = QR|
2
4
cÉgvY: M
h^v^ÆZv: M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ + QR > 2QT| 4
(1) ABQ I CQM ‰ 17 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
BQ = CQ [ Q, BC ‰i gaÅwe±`y] K
 P
AQ = QM [AâbvbymvGi]
‰es AQB = CQM [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]
 AQB  CQM S T
myZivs AB = CM
(2) ‰Lb, ACM ‰ [ˆhGnZz wòfzGRi ˆhGKvb `yB
Q R
AC + CM > AM evüi mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv
ev, AC + AB > AQ + QM e†nîi]
ev, AB + AC > AQ + AQ wPGò, PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg S I T.
 AB + AC > 2AQ (cÉgvwYZ) L
 P
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-129

cÉk²  16 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 S T
A
PQR ‰ PO  QR, PQ = PR = 5 ˆm.wg. ‰es QO = 4 ˆm.wg.|
K. PO ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 Q R
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QO = 2 QR. 4
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR wòfzGR S I T h^vKÌGg PQ I PR evüi
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ + PR > 2PO. 4 1
gaÅwe±`y| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ST = 2 QR.
16 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P
K ˆhGnZz, PO  OQ
 AsKb: S I T ˆhvM KGi ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb ST = TA nq| R, A ˆhvM Kwi|
POQ nGZ PQ2 = PO2 + OQ2 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
5 ˆm.wg. ˆm.wg.
ev, PO2 = PQ2 − OQ2 5
(1) PST I ATR-‰
2 2
= (5) − (4)
= 25 − 16 = 9 PT = TR [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
 PO = 3 ˆm.wg. Q 4 O R ST = TA [AâbvbymvGi]
L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR wòfzGR P STP = RTA [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]
PO  QR ‰es PQ = PR  PST  ATR [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å]
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh QO = 2 QR
1  PST = RAT [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY]
‰es TPS = TRA
 SA || QR ev, ST || QR
Q O R
(2) Avevi, SA = QR 19 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ev, ST + TA = QR ev, ST + ST = QR K

A
ev, 2ST = QR
1
 ST = QR
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
O
M
 P E
T B C
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q ciÕ·i O

Q R we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i PR evüi gaÅwe±`y T| Q, T ˆhvM L
 A
Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ + QR > 2QT.
AsKb: QT ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb TE = QT nq| R, E
ˆhvM Kwi| O
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

B C
(1) PQT ‰es TER-‰
PT = TR [T, PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i B ‰es C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ
QT = TE [AâbvbymvGi]
wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg ABC ‰es ACB ‰i
‰es A¯¦fÆyÚ QTP = A¯¦fÆyÚ ETR [wecÉZxc ˆKvY]
1
 PQT  TER [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° + 2 A.
myZivs PQ = RE cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(2) Avevi, QER-‰, [wòfzGRi ˆh ˆKvY `yB evüi mgwÓ¡
(1) ABC-‰
QR + RE > QE Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv e†nîi]
A + B + C = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ]
ev, QR + PQ > QT + TE [avc (1) ˆ^GK]
1 1 1
ev, PQ + QR > QT + QT [AâbvbymvGi] ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB]
 PQ + QR > 2QT (cÉgvwYZ) 1 1 1
 B + C = 90° – A ... ... ... ... (i)
2 2 2
cÉk²  18 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
A (2) BOC-‰
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180° [ BO ‰es CO îLv h^vKÌGg
D E B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1
ev, BOC + 90° – 2 A = 180° [(i) bs nGZ]
B C
1
ev, BOC = 180° – 90° + 2 A
wPGò, ABC ‰i AB ‰es AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D ‰es E|
K. 37 ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY KZ? 2 1
 BOC = 90° + A (cÉgvwYZ)
2
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || BC ‰es 2DE = BC| 4
A
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AB + BC > 2BE| 4 M weGkl wbeÆPb: ABC-‰i AB evüGK E
18 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq B C
K Avgiv Rvwb, B ‰es C we±`yGZ `yBwU ewntÕ©GKvY h^vKÌGg
`ywU ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 90 nGj ‰KwU ˆKvYGK Aci ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY EBC ‰es FCB Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, E F
eGj| EBC ‰i mgw«¼LíK BO ‰es FCB ‰i
O
 37 ˆKvGYi cƒiK ˆKvY = 90 − 37 = 53 (Ans.) mgw«¼LíK CO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-129 nGqGQ|
M m†Rbkxj cÉk² 15(L) ‰i mgvavGbi Abyic … | 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° – 2 A.
cÉk²  19 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
ABC ‰i B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
(1) ABC-‰
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU AvuK| 2
1 A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90 + 2 A. 4 mgwÓ¡ 2 mgGKvY]
M. hw` AB ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC ˆK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es 1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90 ... ... ... (i)
EBC I FCB ˆKvGYi mgw«¼LíK O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq
1 (2) Avevi, BOC-‰
ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90  2 A. 4
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 EBC + 2 FCB = 180° [ BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg EBC cÉk²  21 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
PQR ‰i PQ I PR ‰i gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M, N ‰es PQ > PR.
I FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1 1 K. Z^ÅwUi wPwn×Z wPò AvuK| 2
ev, BOC + 2 (180 – B) + 2 (180 – C) = 180 1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MN || QR ‰es MN = 2 QR. 4
[CBE, B-‰i ‰es BCF,
M. P ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QR ˆK D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
C-‰i mÁ·ƒiK ˆKvY]
PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY| 4
1 1
ev, BOC + 90 – 2 B + 90 – 2 C = 180 21 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1 1 1
ev, BOC = 180° – 90 – 90 + (2 B + 2 C + 2 A) – 2 A [(i) bs nGZ] K
 P
1
 BOC = 90 – 2 A (cÉgvwYZ) M N
cÉk²  20 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4

Q R
ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| E ‰es F h^vKÌGg AB I AC evüi gaÅwe±`y|
K. wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi `yBwU mƒò wjL| 2 wPGò, PQR ‰KwU wòfzR| Bnvi PQ I PR evüi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg M I N
4 ‰es PQ > PR.
1
L. DóxcK AbymvGi cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EF||BC ‰es EF = BC|
2
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-129

M. hw` ABC ‰i AB = ‰K mgGKvY nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
1 M
 P
BF = AC.
2
4
 
K wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi `yBwU mƒò wbÁ²i…c:

1
wòfzGRi f„wg I DœPZv Rvbv ^vKGj, 2  f„wg  DœPZv
Q R
D
wòfzGRi wZb evüi Š`NÆÅ Rvbv ^vKGj, s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
a+b+c
ˆhLvGb, a, b, c wòfzGRi evüòq ‰es s = 2
ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR-‰ PQ > PR ‰es P ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QR ˆK D
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY|
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å 15 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-129

M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABC-‰ B = ‰K mgGKvY ZvnGj F
 cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
1 (1) PQR-‰ PQ > PR
AwZfzR AC-‰i gaÅwe±`y| B, F ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, BF = 2
A  R > Q [wòfzGRi e†nîi evüi wecixZ ˆKvY Þz`ËZi
AC.
Aâb: E, F ˆhvM Kwi| E F evüi wecixZ ˆKvY AGcÞv e†nîi|]
1 1 1
B C ev, R + P > Q + P
2 2
[DfqcGÞ 2 P ˆhvM KGi]
(2) Avevi, PRD-‰

cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv 1
ewn:Õ© PDQ = A¯¦:Õ© wecixZ (R + 2 P)
(1) ABC -‰i E ‰es F h^vKÌGg [Aâb ‰es KÍ¸bvbymvGi]
AB ‰es AC -‰i gaÅwe±`y| (3) ‰es PQD-‰
 EF || BC. [wòfzGRi ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi gaÅwe±`yi ewn:Õ© PDR = A¯¦:Õ© wecixZ (Q + 2 P)
1
msGhvRK îLvsk Z‡Zxq evüi mgv¯¦ivj]

1 1
 AEF = Abyi…c EBC = ‰K mgGKvY [KÍ¸bv]  PDQ > PDR [‹ R + P > Q + P]
2 2
(2) ‰Lb, AEF ‰es BEF -‰i gGaÅ ˆhGnZz ˆKvY `yBwU mw®²wnZ ˆKvY ‰es Amgvb,
AE = BE [E, AB-‰i gaÅwe±`y]  90 < PDQ < 180
EF = EF [mvaviY evü]  PDQ Õ©ƒjGKvY| (cÉgvwYZ)
‰es A¯¦f„ÆÚ AEF = A¯¦fƒÆÚ BEF [ cÉGZÅGK mgGKvY] cÉk²  22 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
 AEF  BEF
DEF-‰ E I F ‰i mgw«¼L´£K«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 AF = BF
1 K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU AuvK| 2
(3) wK¯§ AF = 2 AC. [F, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y]
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, DE + DF > OE + OF. 4
1 1
 BF = AC. [avc-2
2
ˆ^GK] (cÉgvwYZ) M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, EOF = 90 + 2 D. 4
22 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
K DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU wbÁ²i…c:
 (1) DFS-‰ DF + DS > SF [wòfzGRi ˆhGKvGbv `yB
ev, DF + DS > OF +OS ....... (i) evüi mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü
D
AGcÞv e†nîi]
(2) Avevi EOS-‰
O OS + ES > OE .............. (ii)
(3) (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
DF + DS + OS + ES > OF + OS + OE
E F ev, DF + DE + OS > OF + OS + OE [ DS + ES = DE]
 DF + DE > OE + OF [Dfq cÞ nGZ OS ev` w`Gq] (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M m†Rbkxj cÉk² 18(L) ‰i mgvavGbi Abyic
 … |
L weGkl wbeÆPb: cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx DEF wòfzR| E I F ‰i
 cÉk²  23 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
mgw«¼L´£K«¼q h^vKÌGg EO I FO ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ABC ‰i B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, DE + DF > OE + OF
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU AvuK| 2
D
1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90 + A.
2
4
S M. hw` AB ˆK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC ˆK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es
O
EBC I FCB ˆKvGYi mgw«¼LíK O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq
1
ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BOC = 90  2 A. 4
E F
Aâb: FO ˆK ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb Zv DE ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| m†Rbkxj 19 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
AaÅvq-7: eÅenvwiK RÅvwgwZ

cÉk²  30 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 gGb Kwi, ‰KwU iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm. wg. ‰es ‰KwU ˆKvY
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es cwimxgv p ˆÌqv x = 50 ˆÌqvAvGQ| iÁ¼mwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AvGQ ˆhb x = 50, y = 60 ‰es p = 12 ˆm. wg.| AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK cwimxgv p ‰i
K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòàGjv AuvK| 2 mgvb KGi AP îLvsk ˆKGU ˆbB| AP ˆK Q we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ
L. wòfzRwU AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 Kwi|
1
M. ‰gb ‰KwU iÁ¼m AuvK hvi ‰KwU ˆKvY x ‰es cwimxgv p. [AâGbi (2) Avevi AQ ˆK B we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi| ZvnGj AB = 4 p|
wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 (3) AB îLvsGki A we±`yGZ BAX = x = 50 AuvwK| AX iwkÄ
30 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 1
K
 p ˆ^GK AD = AB = 4 p Ask ˆKGU wbB|
12 ˆm.wg.
1
(4) B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi AB = 4 p eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD ‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi
`yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
50 60 (5) B, C I D, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ iÁ¼m|
x
y cÉk²  31 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
wPGò ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wgmsj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 50 I y = 60 ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 60
‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm. wg. AuvKv nGqGQ| ‰es y = 75|
L
 G
A
H K. Z^ÅàGjvGK wPGò DcÕ©vcb Ki| 2
L. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
M. DÚ cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgvwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU iÁ¼m Aâb Ki hvi ‰KwU
ˆKvY y ‰i mgvb| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
1 1
x y
D 2
B p C
2
E F K p
12 ˆm.wg.
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY h^vKÌGg x = 50, y =
60 ‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY: 60 75
(1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 12 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU wbB| DE x y
1 1
îLvsGki D I E we±`yGZ 2 x I 2 y ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg wPGò, wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 12 ˆmwg ‰es f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY, x = 60
‰es y = 75
EDH I DEG AuvwK|
(2) DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| L
 G
H
A
(3) ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ ADE ‰i mgvb KGi DAB ‰es AED ‰i
mgvb KGi EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
D F
M
 p
B p C E
X ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY h^vKÌGg x = 60,
y = 75 ‰es cwimxgv p = 12 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
50 AâGbi weeiY :
x
D (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 12 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB| DE
C
1 1
îLvsGki D I E we±`yGZ 2 x I 2 y ‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg
EDH I DEG AuvwK|
A B P
Q E (2) DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(3) ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ ADE ‰i mgvb KGi DAB ‰es AED ‰i
mgvb KGi EAC AuvwK|
(4) AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
M
 M
 a
E
b
p
12 ˆm.wg. A
X
D
C a
b
75
A B Q P E
B D
C
‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a ‰es gGb Kwi, ‰i jÁ¼
evüi Š`NÆÅ b| mgGKvYx wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ BD ˆbB| BD ‰i B we±`yGZ
BE jÁ¼ AuvwK|
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv = cÉ`î wòfzGRi cwimxgv = p = 12 (2) BE ˆ^GK BA = b Ask ˆKGU ˆbB| A ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb
ˆm.wg. ‰es ‰KwU ˆKvY y = 75 ˆÌqv AvGQ| iÁ¼mwU AuvKGZ nGe| eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BD ‰i Dci ‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK|
AâGbi weeiY: (3) e†îPvcwU BD ˆK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK cwimxgv p ‰i mgvb KGi AP îLvsk ˆKGU (4) A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj ABC-B DwóÓ¡ mgGKvYx wòfzR|
wbB| AP ˆK Q we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi|
p cÉk²  33 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
(2) Avevi AQ ˆK B we±`yGZ mgw«¼LwíZ Kwi| ZvnGj AB = 4
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY 60 ‰es 45| kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi
(3) AB îLvsGki A we±`yGZ BAX = y AuvwK| AX iwkÄ ˆ^GK Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ 3 ˆm.wg.|
p K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàwjGK wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 2
AD = AB =
4
Ask ˆKGU wbB|
L. AâGbi weeiYmn wòfzRwU AuvK| 4
p
(4) B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi AB = 4 ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD ‰i M. wòfzRwU hw` ABC nq ‰es ‰i f„wg msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU hw`
AfÅ¯¦Gi `yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| 60 ‰es 45 nq ‰es ‰Gì mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ
1
(5) B,C I D,C ˆhvM Kwi| nGj, ˆ`LvI ˆh, BOC = 90 + 2 A| 4
ZvnGj ABCD B DwóÓ¡ iÁ¼m| 33 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `ywU ˆKvY x I y, cwimxgv p ˆÌqv AvGQ| 45 60
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AvuK| 2 x y
L. wòfzRwU AsKb Ki (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4
M. ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ wòfzGRi f„wgGK AwZfyR I Aci ˆh ˆKvGbv ‰KwU d
3 ˆm.wg.
evüGK jÁ¼ aGi ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AsKb Ki| 4
wPGò, wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 45 ‰es y = 60|
32 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wòfzGRi kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i ‹`NÆÅ d = 3 ˆm.wg.|
K
L

p
A
P Q
x y
x y d
ˆÌqv AvGQ, f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es wòfzGRi M

B D
N
C
cwimxgv p. E
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx 7.1 ‰i mÁ·`Å-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-140|


‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU h^vKÌGg x = 45 I weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ eMÆGÞòwUi ‰KwU evü a = 3
y = 60 ‰es kxlÆ ˆ^GK f„wgi Dci AwâZ jGÁ¼i Š`NÆÅ d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| eMÆGÞòwU AuvKGZ nGe|
ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| AâGbi weeiY :
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvb iwkÄ BE ˆbB|
(1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AE ˆ^GK AD = d wbB| AD ‰i A I D we±`yGZ (2) BE ‰i B we±`yGZ BF  BE AuvwK|
h^vKÌGg PAQ ‰es MDN jÁ¼ AuvwK| (3) BE I BF ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg BC = BA = a ˆKGU ˆbB|
(2) PQ îLvsGki A we±`yGZ x = PAB ‰es y = QAC AuvwK| (4) A I C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KB w`GK `yBwU
(3) gGbKwi, AB I AC îLvsk MN îLvGK B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` e†îPvc AuvwK hv D we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
KGi| ZvnGj, ABC -B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| (5) A, D I C, D ˆhvM Kwi|
M
 A ZvnGj ABCDB DwóÓ¡ eMÆGÞò|
P 12 P 12
M a = 2 = 2 = 6 ˆm.wg. I b = 3 = 3 = 4 ˆm.wg. ˆKvGbv

O
UÇvwcwRqvGgi mgv¯¦ivj `yB evü ‰es a msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x = 50
I y = 70 ˆÌqv AvGQ| UÇvwcwRqvgwU AuvKGZ nGe|
B C
a
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY 6cm
b
4cm
B = 45 ‰es C = 60 ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
A^Ævr, BO ‰es CO h^vKÌGg ABC ‰es ACB ‰i mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY
1
KiGZ nGe ˆh, BOC = 90° + 2 A.
50 70
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv x y
(1) ABC-‰
A + B + C = 180° [wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180°]
1 1 1
ev, 2 A + 2 B + 2 C = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB] Z
Y
1 1 1
 B + C = 90° – A ... ... ... ... (i) b y
2 2 2 D C
(2) BOC-‰
BOC + OBC + OCB = 180°
1 1
ev, BOC + 2 B + 2 C = 180° [ BO ‰es CO îLv h^vKÌGg
B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK] 70

50 b x
1
ev, BOC + 90° – 2 A = 180° [(i) bs nGZ] A E a B X
1
ev, BOC = 180° – 90° + 2 A
AâGbi weeiY : (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AX ˆ^GK AB = a wbB|
1
 BOC = 90° + A (cÉgvwYZ) (2) BA îLvsGki A we±`yGZ x = 50 ‰i mgvb BAY ‰es B
2
we±`yGZ y = 70 ‰i mgvb ABZ AuvwK|
cÉk²  34 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 (3) ‰evi AB îLvsk ˆ^GK AE = b ˆKGU wbB|
(4) E we±`yGZ
‰KwU eGMÆi cwimxgv P = 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es x = 50; y = 70.
EC || AY AuvwK hv BZ iwkÄGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
K. eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
(5) ‰evi CD || BA AuvwK| CD îLvsk AY iwkÄGK D we±`yGZ ˆQ`
L. eMÆwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
P P P KGi| ZvnGj, ABCDB DwóÓ¡ UÇvwcwRqvg|
M. 2, 3 ˆKvGbv UÇvwcwRqvGgi `ywU mgv¯¦ivj evü ‰es 2 evü msj™² `ywU
ˆKvY x, y nGj UÇvwcwRqvgwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I cÉk²  35 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
weeiY AvekÅK] 4
34 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb kvwdb I Rvwnb KvwV w`Gq wòfzR I PZzfzÆR evbvGbvi ˆPÓ¡v KiwQj| ZvGì
K eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a nGj cwimxgv, 4a = 12
 KvGQ 5 ˆm.wg. I 8 ˆm.wg. gvGci `ywU KvwV ‰es 45 gvGci ‰KwU
 a = 3 ˆm.wg. µÏvwÕ¡GKi ˆKvY AvGQ|
 eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj, a = 3 = 9 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
2 2 K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
L. ˆQvU KvwVGK f„
w g, eo KvwVGK Aci evü«¼ G qi mgwÓ¡ ‰es cÉ
` î
L
 F
D
ˆKvY ˆQvU KvwV msj™² aGi ‰KwU wòfzR AuvK| [AâGbi wPn×
A
a I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
3 ˆm.wg.
M. KvwV `ywUGK ˆKvGYi mvgv¯¦wiGKi KYÆ ‰es cÉ`î ˆKvYwUGK
ZvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY aGi mvgv¯¦wiKwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi
wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
B C E
35 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (2) O we±`yGZ AOP = x = 45 AuvwK|
K
 1
(3) OP iwkÄi wecixZ iwkÄ OQ AuvwK| OP ˆ^GK 2 b ‰i mgvb KGi OB
a
5 ˆm.wg. 1
‰es OQ ˆ^GK 2 b ‰i mgvb KGi OD Ask ˆKGU wbB|
s 8 ˆm.wg.
x
45 (4) ‰Lb, A, B; B, C; C, D ‰es D, A ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, ABCD-B
DwóÓ¡ mvgv¯¦wiK|
cÉ`î Z^Åvbyhvqx, 5 ˆm.wg. I 8 ˆm.wg. gvGci `ywU KvwV ‰es 45
gvGci µÏvwÕ¡GKi ˆKvY AâY Kiv nGqGQ| cÉk²  36 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
L
 F a
a 5cm
5 ˆm.wg. D s
s 8 ˆm.wg. 7cm x
x = 45
A K. eMÆ ‰es iÁ¼Gmi gGaÅ `y’wU cv^ÆKÅ ˆjL| 2
s L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ‰gb ‰KwU wòfzR AuvK, hvi f„wg a,
45 f„wgmsj™² ˆKvY x ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s ‰i mgvb|
x
[AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
B
45
E
M. ‰gb ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AuvK, hvi AwZfzR a ‰es Aci
a C `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s ‰i mgvb| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg a = 5 ˆm. wg., f„wg
K eMÆ I iÁ¼Gmi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ:
msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45 ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ s = 8 ˆm. eMÆ iÁ¼m
wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| (i) eGMÆi cÉGZÅK ˆKvY ‰K (i) iÁ¼Gmi ˆKvGbv ˆKvY ‰K
AâGbi weeiY : (1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK BC = a = 5 ˆm. mgGKvY| mgGKvY bq|
wg. ˆKGU wbB| BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ CBF = x = 45 AuvwK| (ii) eGMÆi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i (ii) iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i
(2) BF ˆ^GK BD = s = 8 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB| mgvb| mgvb bq|
(3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| CD îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y iGqGQ ˆm cvGk C L ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi a
5cm
we±`yGZ BDC = DCA AuvwK| f„wg a = 5 cm, f„wg msj™² s
(4) gGb Kwi, CA, BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj, ABC-B ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45 7cm
DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| ‰es Aci `yB evüi
M
 mgwÓ¡ s = 7cm ˆÌqv
AvGQ| wòfzRwU x
45
AuvKGZ nGe| F
AâGbi weeiY:
D
(1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK
G
f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC A
b îLvsk ˆKGU wbB| BC
îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i x
mgvb CBF AuvwK| B a C E
(2) BF iwkÄ ˆ^GK s ‰i mgvb BD Ask KvwU|
(3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| C we±`yGZ DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y AvGQ
ˆmB cvGk BDC ‰i mgvb DCG AuvwK|
M (4) CG iwkÄ BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
P ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
C
M a
5 cm
B 1
b
2
s 7 cm R
x 1
b
O 2
Q D A
A D
A a
gGb Kwi, ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi `yBwU KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg a = 5 ˆm. wg. I b
= 8 ˆm.wg. ‰es ‰Gì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY x = 45 ˆÌqv AvGQ| mvgv¯¦wiKwU a
AuvKGZ nGe| 45
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AM ˆ^GK AC = a = 5 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU P BÆ B C
Q
wbB| AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y O wbYÆq Kwi|

gGb Kwi, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a ‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ AâGbi weeiY: F
s ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BE ˆ^GK
AâGbi weeiY: f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC D
(1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ PQ ˆ^GK PC = s ˆKGU wbB| PC îLvsGki P îLvsk ˆKGU wbB| BC G
A
we±`yGZ CPR = 45 AuvwK| îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i
(2) C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq PR‰i Dci ‰KwU mgvb CBF AuvwK|
e†îPvc AuvwK| (2) BF iwkÄ ˆ^GK S ‰i mgvb BD B
a=4 C E
(3) gGbKwi, e†îPvcwU PR ˆK A I A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A I A Ask KvwU|
ˆ^GK PC-‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AB ‰es AB jÁ¼ AuvwK| (3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| C we±`yGZ DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk B we±`y AvGQ
(4) ‰Lb A, C ‰es A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj, ABC Aêv ABC- ˆmB cvGk BDC ‰i mgvb DCG AuvwK|
B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR| (4) CG iwkÄ BD ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉk²  37 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6 ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg, a = 4 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² ˆKvY, x = 30. M wòfzGRi f„wg a = 4 ˆm.wg., f„wg msj™² ‰KwU ˆKvY x = 30 ‰es Aci

K. Z^ÅàwjGK wPwn×Z wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2 `yB evüi A¯¦i d = 2.5 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
L. wòfzRwUi `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ S = 6 ˆm.wg. nGj, eYÆbvmn wòfzRwU a
4 ˆm.wg.
AuvK| 4 d
2.5 ˆm.wg. E
M. wòfzGRi Aci evü `yBwUi A¯¦i d = 2.5 ˆm.wg. nGj, eYÆbvmn A
wòfzRwU AuvK| 4
A
37 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb D
K

x
a
4 ˆm.wg. x = 30 B
30 a C F
x AâGbi weeiY:
L gGbKwi, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi
 a
4 ˆm.wg. (1) ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU iwkÄ BF ˆ^GK f„wg a ‰i mgvb KGi BC îLvsk
f„wg a = 4 ˆm.wg., f„wg msj™² S ˆKGU wbB| BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ x ‰i mgvb CBE AuvwK|
6 ˆm.wg.
‰KwU ˆKvY x = 30 (2) BE iwkÄ ˆ^GK d ‰i mgvb BD Ask ˆKGU wbB|
‰es Aci `yB evüi mgwÓ¡ (3) C, D ˆhvM Kwi| DC îLvsGki ˆh cvGk E we±`y AvGQ ˆmB cvGk C
S = 6 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ| 30
we±`yGZ EDC ‰i mgvb DCA AuvwK| CA iwkÄ BE iwkÄGK A
wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe| x
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj, ABC B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
AaÅvq-8: e†î
cÉk²  86 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6 ev, OL + ON > PM mgwÓ¡ Z‡Zxq evü AGcÞv e†nîi]
ev, LN > PM
LMN e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê O ‰es eÅvmvaÆ 3 ˆm.wg.|
A^Ævr LN B e†nîg RÅv|
K. e†îwU AuvK| 2
ˆhGnZz LN e†Gîi eÅvm hvi Š`NÆÅ 6 ˆm. wg.| myZivs, e†Gîi ˆh ˆKvGbv
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, e†Gîi M we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆK OM ‰i Dci
RÅv 6 ˆm.wg. AGcÞv eo nGZ cvGi bv| (cÉgvwYZ)
jÁ¼| 4
M. RÅvwgwZK wPò I hywÚi mvnvGhÅ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, e†îwUi ˆKGbv
RÅv 6 ˆm.wg. ‰i eo nGZ cvGi bv| 4
86 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv 9.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es f„wg msj™² ˆKvY«¼q 50 I 60|
K
 K. DGÍÏwLZ Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi mvnvGhÅ ˆ`LvI| 2
N
L. AâGbi wPn× I weeiYmn wòfzRwU ‰uGK ˆ`LvI| 4
M. DGÍÏwLZ wòfzRwUi ‰KwU cwie†î Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I
O
3 Gm. wg.
L weeiY AvekÅK] 4
wPGò LMN ‰KwU e†î Aâb
Kiv nGjv hvi ˆK±`Ê O ‰es
K p
eÅvmvaÆ, OL = 3 ˆm. wg.| M
9.5 †m.wg.
L
 N
O L 50 60
x y
wPGò, ˆKvGbv wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 9.5 ˆm. wg. ‰es f„wg msj™²
T ˆKvY«¼q x = 50 ‰es y = 60.
M Q
L

gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ LMN e†Gîi DciÕ© M we±`yGZ MT ‰KwU y

x
Õ·kÆK ‰es OM Õ·kÆ we±`yMvgx eÅvmvaÆ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, e†Gîi
G H
M we±`yGZ AwâZ Õ·kÆK OM ‰i Dci jÁ¼ A^Ævr, MT  OM.
A
Aâb: MT Õ·kÆGKi Dci ˆh ˆKvb ‰KwU we±`y Q wbB ‰es O, Q
ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY: ˆhGnZz e†Gîi M we±`yGZ MT ‰KwU Õ·kÆK myZivs H M we±`y
eÅZxZ MT ‰i DciÕ© AbÅ mKj we±`y e†Gîi evwnGi ^vKGe| 1
2
x
1
2
y
D F
 Q we±`ywU e†Gîi evwnGi AewÕ©Z| B C E
 OQ, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ OM ‰i ˆPGq eo A^Ævr OQ > OM ‰es Zv

ˆÌqv AvGQ, ˆKvb wòfzGRi cwimxgv p = 9.5 ˆm. wg. ‰es f„wg msj™²
Õ·kÆ we±`y M eÅZxZ MT ‰i DciÕ© mKj Q we±`yi AeÕ©vGbi RbÅ
`ywU ˆKvY x = 50 I y = 60 wòfzRwU AvuKGZ nGe|
mZÅ| AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 9.5 ˆm. wg.
 ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK MT Õ·kÆGKi Dci OM nGjv Þz`ËZg `ƒiZ½| 1 1
wbB| (2) DE ‰i D I E we±`yGZ EDH = 2 x I DEG = 2 y
myZivs MT  OM. (cÉgvwYZ)
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ LMN e†Gîi
 AvuwK| gGb Kwi, DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| (3)
N
eÅvmvaÆ 3 ˆm. wg., A^Ævr eÅvm 6 ˆm. wg.| ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ BAD = ADB ‰es CAE = AEC AvuwK| gGb
O Kwi, AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| ZvnGj
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, e†Gîi ˆh ˆKvb RÅv 6
ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
ˆm. wg. ˆ^GK eo nGZ cvGi bv A^Ævr L
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 8.5 ‰i mÁ·v`Å-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-145

e†Gîi eÅvmB e†nîg RÅv| M P
Aâb: PM eÅvm wf®² ˆh ˆKvb ‰KwU RÅv
wbB| O, M ‰es O, P ˆhvM Kwi|
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡
e†Gî PQ e†Gîi eÅvm| PRQ AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY|
cÉgvY:
K. DcGivÚ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AuvK| 2
avc: h^v^ÆZv:
L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, PRQ = 1 mgGKvY| 4
(1) OL = OP = OM = ON [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
M. PRS + SRQ = 1 mgGKvY nGj cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, P, O ‰es
(2) OPM ‰ OP + OM > PM [wòfGRi ˆhGKvb `yB evüi Q ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4
88 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb R cÉk²  89 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6
K
 wPGò, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî PQ PQR ‰i f„wg QR = 6 cm. Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i 2cm ‰es f„wg msj™²
eÅvm| PRQ AaÆe†îÕ© ˆKvY| ˆKvY 45|
Q
P O K. ˆcw´Öj KÁ·vGmi mvnvGhÅ 45 ˆKvY AuvK| 2
L. weeiYmn PQR Aâb KGiv| 4
PQ
M. 2
eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ e†Gî ‰gb `yBwU Õ·kÆK AuvK ˆhb ZvGì
L cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PRQ = 1 mgGKvY|
 R
A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60 nq| 4
K
 B C
Aâb: PQ ‰i ˆh cvGk R we±`y P O
Q
AewÕ©Z, Zvi wecixZ cvGk e†Gîi
Dci ‰KwU we±`y A wbB|
A
cÉgvY: O
45 A
avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) PAQ PvGci Dci `ívqgvb e†îÕ© [‰KB PvGci Ici wPGò, AOC = 45 Aâb Kiv nGjv|
(ˆK±`ÊÕ© mijGKvY `ívqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY
1 L

PRQ = a
2
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvGYi AGaÆK] 6 cm
POQ)
d
(2) wK¯§ mij ˆKvY POQ `yB mgGKvY 2 cm
x
45
1
 PRQ =
2
(`yB mgGKvY) = 1 mgGKvY (cÉgvwYZ)
S
M
 R
P
P O Q
N
S d
x
Q M
a R
ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ PSQR e†Gî, PRS + SRQ = ‰K
mgGKvY| cËgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, P, O ‰es Q ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| ˆÌqv AvGQ, DPQR ‰i f„wg, QR = a = 6 cm, Aci `yB evüi A¯¦i,
Aâb: P, O; S, O ‰es Q, O ˆhvM Kwi| d = 2cm ‰es f„wg msj™²
‰KwU ˆKvY x = 45, wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv AâGbi weeiY:
(1) ‰KB Pvc PS-‰i Ici `ívqgvb e†îÕ© 1. ˆh ˆKvb iwkÄ QM ˆ^GK QR = a = 6cm wbB|
PRS ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© POS. [e†Gîi ‰KB 2. QR GiLvsGki Q we±`yGZ RQS = x = 45 AuvwK|
1 3. QS ˆ^GK QN = d = 2cm wbB|
 PRS = POS ... ... ... (i)
2 PvGci Ici
`ívqgvb e†îÕ© 4. R, N ˆhvM Kwi|
ˆKvY ˆK±`ÊÕ© 5. RN îLvsGki ˆh cvGk S we±`y AvGQ ˆmB cvGk R we±`yGZ
RNS ‰i mgvb KGi NRP AuvwK|
ˆKvGYi AGaÆK|]
(2) Avevi, ‰KB Pvc SQ-‰i Ici `ívqgvb 6. RP iwkÄ QS ˆK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
e†îÕ© SRQ ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© SOQ . ZvnGj DPQR-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
PQ B
1 M gGb Kwi, 2 eÅvmvaÆ

 SRQ = SOQ ... ... ... (ii)
2 [‰KB KviGY]
wewkÓ¡ ABC ‰KwU
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
1 1
e†î hvi ˆK±`Ê O, DÚ C O P
PRS + SRQ = POS + SOQ e†Gî ‰gb `ywU Õ·kÆK
2 2
1
ev, 1 mgGKvY = 2 (POS + SOQ) [ ˆÌqv AvGQ, AuvKGZ nGe hvGì
PRS + SRQ A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60| A
ev, POS + SOQ = 2 × 1 mgGKvY = ‰K mgGKvY ] AâGbi weeiY:
ev, POS + SOQ = `yB mgGKvY
(1) OA ˆhGKvGbv eÅvmvaÆ wbB ‰es AOB = 120 AuvwK| OB iwkÄ
ev, POQ = `yB mgGKvY [AâbvbymvGi]
e†îwUGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 POQ = ‰K mijGKvY [‹ ‰K mijGKvY = `yB
(2) ‰Lb, OA ‰i A we±`yGZ AP ‰es OB ‰i B we±`yGZ BP jÁ¼ AuvwK|
mgGKvY]
gGb Kwi, AP I BP jÁ¼«¼q ciÕ·iGK P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
AZ‰e, P, O ‰es Q ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| (cËgvwYZ)
ZvnGj, AP I BP B DwóÓ¡ Õ·kÆK«¼q hvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60|
cÉk²  90 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 1
 QPS = QOS [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci
2
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî QR PvGci Dci `ívqgvb e†îÕ© QPR ‰es `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY ˆK±`ÊÕ©
ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOR. ˆKvGYi AGaÆK]
K. OP = 6 cm nGj, e†îwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
1
(2) Avevi, ‰KB Pvc SR ‰i Ici `´£vqgvb
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QPR = 2QOR| 4 e†îÕ© SPR ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© SOR
M. hw` QPS + SPR = 90 nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, O ‰es 1
 SPR = SOR [‰KB KviGY]
R ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4 2
90 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb P (3) avc (1) I (2) nGZ cvB,
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, OP = 6 cm
 1
QPS + SPR = QOS + SOR
1
2 2
A^Ævr, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ r = 6 cm
1
 e†îwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ‰KK O ev, 90 = 2 (QOS + SOR) [ˆÌqv AvGQ, QPS + SPR = 90]
Q R
= 3.1416  62 cm2
ev, QOS + SOR = 2  90
= 3.1416  36 cm2
= 113.0976 cm2 (cÉvq) (Ans)  QOS + SOR = 180 = `yB mgGKvY
L
 P (4) wK¯§, QOS ‰es SOR `ywU mw®²wnZ ˆKvY
‰es ZvGì mgwÓ¡ `yB mgGKvY|
O Avevi, QOS ‰es SOR ‰i ewntÕ© evü«¼q h^vKÌGg OQ ‰es OR
Q R  OQ ‰es OR ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z|
D A^Ævr, Q, O ‰es R ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| (cÉgvwYZ)
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî QR PvGci Dci cÉk²  91 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
`ívqgvb e†îÕ© QPR ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOR. cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gî A ‰KwU ewntÕ© we±`y| AP ‰es AQ e†Gîi P I
1
QPR = QOR Q we±`yGZ `yBwU Õ·kÆK|
2
AsKb: gGb Kwi, PR îLvsk ˆK±`ÊMvgx bq| ‰GÞGò P we±`y w`Gq K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK e†îwUi wPwn×Z wPò AvuK| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AP = AQ| 4
ˆK±`ÊMvgx îLvsk PD AvuwK|
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AO, PQ ‰i jÁ¼w«¼L´£K| 4
(1) POQ ‰i ewntÕ© ˆKvY
K
 Q
 QOD = QPO + PQO [ewntÕ© ˆKvY A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ
ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
(2) POQ -‰ OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] A O R
AZ‰e, QPO = PQO [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg

msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU mgvb] P
(3) avc (1) I (2) ˆ^GK
QOD = QPO + QPO = 2QPO wPGò O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQR e†Gîi A ‰KwU ewntÕ© we±`y ‰es AP I
(4) ‰KBfvGe POR ˆ^GK ROD = 2RPO AQ e†Gîi P I Q we±`yGZ `ywU Õ·kÆK|
(5) avc (3) I (4) ˆ^GK L cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AP = AQ.

QOD + ROD = 2QPO + 2RPO [ˆhvM KGi] Aâb: O, P; O, Q ‰es O, A ˆhvM Kwi|
ev, QOR = 2QPR cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
ev, 2QPR = QOR (1) ˆhGnZz AP Õ·kÆK ‰es OP Õ·kÆ
1
 QPR = QOR (cÉgvwYZ) we±`yMvgx eÅvmvaÆ,
2
 AP  OP [Õ·kÆK Õ·kÆwe±`yMvgx
M
 P
myZivs APO = ‰K mgGKvY eÅvmvGaÆi Dci jÁ¼]
Abyi‚cfvGe, AQO = ‰K mgGKvY|
O
Q R (2) ‰Lb, APO I AQO mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gq
AwZfzR AO = AwZfzR AO
S ‰es OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQSR e†Gî QPS +
 APO  AQO [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi
 AP = AQ. (cÉgvwYZ) AwZfzR evü meÆmgZv]
SPR = 90 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, Q, O ‰es R ‰KB mijGiLvq
M
 P
AewÕ©Z|
AsKb: Q, O ; S, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv A O
M
(1) ‰KB Pvc QS ‰i Dci `´£vqgvb
e†îÕ© QPS ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOS Q
Aâb: P, Q ˆhvM Kwi hv AO ˆK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| a
4.19 ˆm.wg.
E
(1) AOP I AOQ ‰i gGaÅ C
OP = OQ [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] D
AP = AQ [e†Gîi ewntÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`y

ˆ^GK e†Gî `yBwU Õ·kÆK
UvbGj, H we±`y ˆ^GK Õ·kÆ
we±`y«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½ mgvb|] X
A B
AO = AO [mvaviY evü]
 AOP  AOQ gGb Kwi, eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 4.19 ˆm.wg.
 AOP = AOQ eMÆwU AuvKGZ nGe|
A^Ævr POM = QOM AâGbi weeiY:
(2) ‰Lb, OPM I OQM ‰ (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AX ˆ^GK AB = a wbB| AB ‰i Dci AE jÁ¼ AuvwK|
POM = QOM (2) AE ˆ^GK AD = a wbB|
OP = OQ [ ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] (3) ‰Lb, B I D ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a = 4.19 ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq BAD
OM = OM [mvaviY evü] ‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi `ywU e†îPvc AuvwK hv ciÕ·iGK C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 OPM  OQM (4) B, C I D,C ˆhvM Kwi|
 OMP = OMQ ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ eMÆ| F
wK¯§ ‰iv ŠiwLK hyMjGKvY ‰es M
 a A
7 ˆm.wg.
‰Gì cwigvc mgvb| b Q
 OMP = OMQ = 90 4 ˆm.wg.
 OM  PQ
L M
A^Ævr AO  PQ
O
 AO, PQ ‰i jÁ¼w«¼LíK| (cÉgvwYZ) P
B C
mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfyR ‰es mgGKvY msj™² ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 7
ˆm.wg. ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.| gGb Kwi, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR a = 7 ˆm.wg.,
K. wòfzRwUi Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ‰KwU evü b = 4 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU Aâb KGi ‰i cwie†î AvuKGZ nGe|
L. ‰KwU eMÆ AvuK, hvi cwimxgv wòfzGRi cwimxgvi mgvb| AâGbi weeiY:
(AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4 (1) BC = b wbB|
M. wòfzRwUi cwie†î AsKb Ki| (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY (2) B we±`yGZ BF ^ BC AuvwK|
AvekÅK) 4 (3) C ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi a ‰i mgvb KGi BF ‰i Dci ‰KwU e†îPvc AuvwK|
(4) e†îPvcwU BF ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A, C ˆhvM Kwi| ZvnGj
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR AwâZ nGjv|
K
 (5) ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AB I AC ‰i mgw«¼L´£K h^vKÌGg LM I
A
PQ AuvwK| Zviv ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(6) O, B ˆhvM Kwi| ‰Lb O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OB ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
7 ˆm.wg.
‰KwU e†î AuvwK| hv A, B I C we±`y w`Gq AwZKÌg KGi| ZvnGj
ABC-B DóxÓ¡ cwie†î|
B C
4 ˆm.wg.
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i B = 90 ‰es AwZfzR, cÉk²  93 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
AC = 7 ˆm.wg. ‰es mgGKvY msj™² evü, BC = 4 ˆm.wg.
‰KwU e†Gî AB I CD `yBwU RÅv| AB RÅv ‰i Dci jÁ¼ CD| AC I BD
Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC I BOD ˆKvY Drc®² KGiGQ|
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
K. Z^Åvbyhvqx wPòwU AsKb Ki| 2
ev, AB2 = AC2 − BC2 = 72 − 42 = 49 − 16 = 33
L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AOC + BOD = 2AEC. 4
 AB = 5.74 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY| 4
 Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ 5.74 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) 93 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 K
 A
wòfzGRi cwimxgv = (7 + 4 + 5.74) ˆm.wg. = 16.74 ˆm.wg.
‰Lb ‰gb ‰KwU eMÆ AuvKGZ nGe hvi cwimxgv wòfzGRi cwimxgvi
O
mgvb|
 eGMÆi cwimxgv = 16.74 ˆm.wg.
D E C
 eGMÆi evüi Š`NÆÅ = (16.74  4) ˆm.wg. = 4.19 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
B
L weGkl wbeÆvPb: gGb Kwi, AB I CD RÅv `yBwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi
 cÉk²  94 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
AfÅ¯¦Gi E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| O, A; O, B; O, C ‰es O, D ˆhvM PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR hvi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 5 ˆm.wg.| Q I R-
Kwi| AC I BD Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC ‰es BOD Drc®² ‰i ewnw«¼ÆLíK«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq|
KGiGQ| K. cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU AuvK| 2
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AOC + BOD = 2 AEC. 1
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QOR = 90 − 2 P. 4
Aâb: A, D ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvYt avc h^v^ÆZv M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wòfzRwUi A¯¦e†Æî AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I
(1) ADE-‰, weeiY AvekÅK] 4
ewntÕ© AEC= A¯¦tÕ© (ADE [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY 94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
+EAD) A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi K
 P
A^Ævr AEC = ADC + BAD mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
(2) ‰Lb, AC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
ADC e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es AOC
Q R
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
 AOC = 2ADC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci
`ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY M O N
e†îÕ© ˆKvGYi w«¼àY]
(3) Avevi, BD PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z wPGò PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR hvi PQ = QR = PR = 5 ˆm.wg.|
BAD e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es BOD
Q I R ‰i ewnw«¼ÆL´£K«¼q h^vKÌGg QO I RO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY| wgwjZ nq|
 BOD = 2BAD [H ‰KB KviGY] L weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR mgevü wòfzGRi PQ I PR evü«¼qGK
(4)  AOC + BOD = 2ADC + 2BAD h^vKÌGg M I N we±`y chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq `ywU ewntGKvY RQM I QRN
= 2(ADC + BAD)
[avc-1 nGZ] Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, RQM ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QO, QRM ‰i mgw«¼L´£K
= 2AEC
RO ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 AOC + BOD = 2AEC (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 1
M weGkl wbeÆPb : gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê D cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QOR = 90 – 2  P.
wewkÓ¡ e†Gîi AB I DC RÅv `ywU e†Gîi cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
AfÅ¯¦Gi AewÕ©Z E we±`yGZ mgGKvGY (1) PQR-‰
wgwjZ nGqGQ| A, O ‰es C, O ˆhvM O
P + Q + R = 180 [ wòfzGRi wZbGKvGYi
Kivq AOC Drc®² nq| Avevi, O, D mgwÓ¡ 180]
E
‰es O, B ˆhvM Kivq BOD Drc®² A B 1 1 1
ev, 2 P + 2 Q + 2  R = 90 [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv
nq| C
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY| fvM KGi]
Aâb: B, C ˆhvM Kwi| 1 1 1
ev, 2 Q + 2 R = 90 – 2  P
(1) ‰KB Pvc AC-‰i Ici `ívqgvb (2) Avevi, QOR-‰
ˆK±`ÊÕ© AOC ‰es e†îÕ© ABC. QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180 [‰KB KviY]
1 1
1
 2AOC = ABC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Ici ev, QOR + 2 MQR + 2QRN = 180 [‹ OQ, MPQ ‰i
`ívqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es OR, QRN ‰i mgw«¼LíK]

1 1
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvGYi AGaÆK] ev, QOR + 2 (180 – Q) + 2 (180 – R) = 180
A^Ævr, AOC = 2ABC ... ... ... (i)
[ MQR, Q ‰i
Abyi…cfvGe ˆ`LvGbv hvq ˆh,
‰es QRN, R ‰i
BOD = 2 BCD ... ... ... (ii)
(2) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, mÁ·ƒiK ˆKvY]
1 1
AOC + BOD = 2 ABC + 2 BCD ev, QOR + 90 – 2Q + 90 – 2 R = 180
ev, AOC + BOD = 2 (ABC + BCD)
ev, AOC + BOD = 2 (EBC + ECB) ... ... ... (iii) (1 1 )
ev, QOR + 180 – 2  Q + 2  R = 180
‰Lb,  EBC-‰i 1
EBC + ECB = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (iv) ev, QOR + 180 – (90 – 2  P) = 180 [avc-1 ˆ^GK]
[KviY AB  DC eGj 1
ev, QOR + 180 – 90 + 2 P = 180
BEC = ‰K mgGKvY]
(3) (iv) bs ‰i gvb (iii) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB, 1
ev, QOR = 180 – 90 – 2 P
AOC + BOD = 2 × 1 mgGKvY
1
 AOC + BOD = `yB mgGKvY| (cÉgvwYZ)  QOR = 90 –  P
2
(cÉgvwYZ)
M
 P (2) wK¯§, PQ = SR
1 1
ev, 2 PQ = 2SR
B C
ev, PE = SF [avc-1 nGZ]
N O M (3) ‰Lb, PEO I SFO mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ
OP = OS [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
PE = SF [avc-2 ‰]
Q R
A  PEO  SFO
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi  OE = OF
PQ = QR = PR = 5 ˆm.wg. hvi A¯¦e†Æî AvuKGZ nGe| (4) wK¯§ OE I OF h^vKÌGg ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I SR ‰i `ƒiZ½ cÉKvk
AâGbi weeiY: KGi|
(1) PQR I PRQ ‰i mgw«¼LíK h^vKÌGg QM I RN AvuwK hv AZ‰e, ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I SR mg`ƒieZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ)
ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| M

P
(2) O nGZ QR ‰i Dci OA jÁ¼ AvuwK hv QR ˆK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(3) ‰Lb, O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK
hv PQ, QR I PR evüòqGK h^vKÌGg B, A I C we±`yGZ Õ·kÆ KGi| Q
O
ZvnGj ABC-B DwóÓ¡ A¯¦e†Æî| M
S
cÉk²  95 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 R
PQRS PZzfzÆRwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ| PR ‰es QS KYÆ«¼q
ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQRS PZzfÆyRwU O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî
K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPòwU AuvK| 2 A¯¦wjÆwLZ ‰es PR I QS KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| P, O;
L. PQ = SR nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ˆK±`Ê O nGZ PQ I SR Q, O; S, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM Kiv nj|
mg`ƒieZxÆ| 4
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, POQ + ROS = 2PMQ
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, POQ + ROS = 2 PMQ 4
95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (1) PQ PvGci Dci ˆK±`ÊÕ© POQ I
P
K
 e†îÕ© PSQ
Q  POQ = 2PSQ [ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY e†îÕ©
O M ˆKvGYi w«¼àY]
(2) Avevi, SR PvGci Dci ˆK±`ÊÕ©
S R ROS I e†îÕ© RPS
[‰KB KviGY]
 ROS = 2RPS
wPGò PQRS PZzfyR
Æ wU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ hvi PR I QS (3) avc-1 I avc-2 nGZ cvB,
KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK M we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| POQ + ROS = 2PSQ + 2RPS
L
 = 2(PSQ + RPS)
P S
(4) ‰Lb, PSM ‰ ewntÕ© PMQ = [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY
A¯¦tÕ© (PSM + MPS) wecixZ A¯¦tÕ© ˆKvY«¼Gqi
E F mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
O
A^Ævr PMQ = PSM + MPS
Q R ev, PMQ = PSQ + RPS
(5) avc-3 I avc-4 ˆ^GK cvB,
weGkl wbeÆPb : gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî PQ I SR `ywU RÅv ˆhLvGb POQ + ROS = 2PMQ (cÉgvwYZ)
PQ = SR, cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ˆK±`Ê O nGZ PQ I SR mg`ƒieZÆx|
AsKb: O ˆ^GK OE  PQ ‰es OF  RS AvuwK| O, P ‰es O, S ˆhvM cÉk²  96 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4
Kwi|
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî AB, CD `ywU RÅv|
K. DchÆyÚ ZG^Åi wfwîGZ wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
(1) ˆhGnZz OE  PQ I OF  RS
1 1 L. AB, CD RÅv«¼q hw` ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZxÆ nq,
 PE = PQ
2
‰es SF = 2SR [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ZvnGj cÉgvY Ki, AB = CD| 4
RÅv ‰i Dci AwâZ M. AB, CD RÅv«¼q e†Gîi AfÅ¯¦Gi E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj AC I
jÁ¼ H RÅv ˆK BD Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê ˆh `yBwU ˆKvY Drc®² KGi, ZvGì mgwÓ¡
mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi] AEC ‰i w«¼àY@cÉgvY Ki| 4
96 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L wòfzRwUi cwimxgv = (3 + 4 + 5) ˆm.wg. = 12 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)

K
 D ‰Lb ‰gb ‰KwU eMÆ AuvKGZ nGe hvi cwimxgv wòfzRwUi cwimxgvi
mgvb|
 eGMÆi cwimxgv = 12 ˆm.wg.
C 12
O  eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ d = 4 ˆm.wg. = 3 ˆm.wg.
B F
A
A D
d
3 ˆm.wg.
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx-8.1 ‰i Dccv`Å-18 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-154

A
M weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, AB I CD
RÅv `yBwU O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi AfÅ¯¦Gi
E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| O, A; O, B; O,
O E
C ‰es O, D ˆhvM Kwi| AC I BD B
d C
Pvc«¼q ˆKG±`Ê h^vKÌGg AOC ‰es
BOD Drc®² KGiGQ| D E C
gGb Kwi, eMÆGÞGòi ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ, d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆÌqv AvGQ|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, B eMÆGÞòwU AuvKGZ nGe|
AOC + BOD = 2 AEC. AâGbi weeiY:
Aâb: A, D ˆhvM Kwi| (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ BE nGZ BC = d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU ˆbB|
cÉgvYt avc h^v^ÆZv (2) BC îLvsGki B we±`yGZ BF jÁ¼ Aâb Kwi ‰es BF nGZ
(1) ADE-‰, BA = d = 3 ˆm.wg. ˆKGU ˆbB|
ewntÕ© AEC [wòfzGRi ewntÕ© ˆKvY
(3) ‰Lb A I C we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi d = 3 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ABC-
= A¯¦tÕ© (ADE +EAD) A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi
‰i AfÅ¯¦Gi `yBwU e†îPvc AuvwK| e†îPvc«¼q ciÕ·iGK D we±`yGZ
A^Ævr AEC = ADC + BAD mgwÓ¡i mgvb]
ˆQ` KGi|
(2) ‰Lb, AC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z
(4) A, D I C, D ˆhvM Kwi|
ADC e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es AOC
ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ eMÆGÞò|
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
M
 AOC = 2ADC [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Dci D C
`ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY O

a
e†îÕ© ˆKvGYi w«¼àY] 3 ˆm.wg.
(3) Avevi, BD PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z A B
BAD e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es BOD
ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY| gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU eMÆ hvi evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 3 ˆm.wg. ‰B eGMÆi
 BOD = 2BAD [‰KB KviGY] cwie†î AsKb KiGZ nGe|
(4) avc-2 I avc-3 ˆ^GK cvB, AâGbi weeiY :
AOC + BOD = 2ADC + 2BAD (1) A, C I B, D ˆhvM Kwi| ‰iv ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
= 2(ADC + BAD)
= 2AEC [avc-1 ^GK] (2) O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| e†îwU
 AOC + BOD = 2AEC (cÉgvwYZ) eGMÆi kxlÆwe±`y A, B, C I D w`Gq hvq|
‰B e†îB ABCD eGMÆi wbGYÆq cwie†î|
cÉk²  97 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5 cÉk²  98 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvY msj™² `yB evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3 ˆm.wg. OˆK±`ÊwewklÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ I RS `yBwU mgvb RÅv|
‰es 4 ˆm.wg.| K. e†îwUi eÅvm 10 ˆm.wg. nGj e†îwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
K. DóxcGKi wòfzRwUi AwZfyGRi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ I RS RÅv `yBwU ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx| 4
L. wòfzRwUi cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eMÆGÞò M. hw` PQ > RS nq, ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ RÅv RS RÅv AGcÞv
AsKb Ki| (AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4 ˆKG±`Êi wbKUZi| 4
M. DÚ eGMÆi cwie†î AsKb Ki| 98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
(AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK) 4 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

97 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb e†îwUi eÅvm 10 ˆm.wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvY msj™² evü«¼q 3 ˆm.wg. I 4
 10
 e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ˆm.wg. = 5 ˆm.wg.
ˆm.wg.
mgGKvYx wòfzGRi ˆÞGò cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å Abyhvqx cvB,  e†îwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK
(AwZfzR)2 = 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 3.14  52 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
ev, AwZfzR = 25 = 3.14  25 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
 AwZfzR = 5 ˆm.wg. (Ans.) = 78.5 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
L
 1
(3) ‰Lb QM = 2PQ ‰es SN = 2 RS
1
[ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆh
P R ˆKvb RÅv ‰i Dci AwâZ
O jÁ¼ RÅvGK mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi]
(12 PQ) ‰es SN = (12 RS)

2 2
M N  QM2 = 2
1 1
ev, QM2 = 4 PQ2 ‰es SN2 = 4RS2
Q S
1
 QM2 – SN2 = (PQ2 – RS2) ...........(ii)
4
weGkl wbeÆPb: O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ I RS `yBwU mgvb RÅv
(4) ˆhGnZz PQ > RS.myZivs PQ2 > RS2
ˆÌqv AvGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ I RS ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx|
 PQ2 – RS2 > 0
Aâb: ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK PQ I RS ‰i Dci h^vKÌGg OM I ON jÁ¼ AvuwK|  QM2 – SN2 > 0 [(ii) ˆ^GK]
O, P I O, R ˆhvM Kwi|
 ON2 – OM2 > 0 [(i) ˆ^GK]
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv ev, ON2 > OM2
(1) OM  PQ ‰es ON  RS [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆh ev, ON > OM
myZivs, PM = QM ‰es RN = SN ˆKvGbv RÅv ‰i Dci  OM < ON (cÉgvwYZ)
1
 PM = PQ ‰es RN = RS
1 AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅv ˆK
2 2
mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi]
cÉk²  99 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
(2) wK¯§, PQ = RS [KÍ¸bv]
A
1 1
 2 PQ = 2 RS
 PM = RN
O
(3) ‰Lb OPM I ORN mgGKvYx
wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ, B C
AwZfzR OP = AwZfzR OR [DfGq ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
PM = RN [avc (2)] K. DóxcGKi BC PvGci Ici AewÕ©Z e†îÕ© ˆKvY I ˆK±`ÊÕ©
 OPM  ORN [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi ˆKvGYi bvg wjL| 2
 OM = ON AwZfzR evü meÆmg L. OAB = OAC nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, AB = AC. 4
Dccv`Å] M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BAC = 2 BOC.
1
4
(4) wK¯§ OM I ON ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg
PQ RÅv I RS RÅv ‰i `ƒiZ½|
myZivs PQ I RS RÅv«¼q ˆK±`Ê O K DóxcGKi wPGò, BC PvGci Dci AewÕ©Z e†îÕ© BAC ‰es

ˆ^GK mg`ƒieZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ) ˆK±`ÊÕ© BOC|
A
M
 L

R
P
O O
N
M B C
S
Q O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ ABC e†Gî OAB = OAC| ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, AB = AC.
weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQRS e†Gî PQ > RS| O (1) AOB-‰
ˆ^GK PQ I RS RÅv«¼Gqi Dci h^vKÌGg OM I ON jÁ¼| ZvnGj OM OA = OB [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj]
I ON ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK h^vKÌGg PQ I RS RÅv«¼Gqi `ƒiZ½ wbG`Æk KGi|  OBA = OAB [mgvb mgvb evüi wecixZ ˆKvY«¼q mgvb]
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PQ RÅv RS RÅv AGcÞv ˆKG±`Êi wbKUZi| (2) Avevi, AOC-‰
A^Ævr OM < ON. OA = OC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj]
Aâb: O, P ; O, R; O, Q I O, S ˆhvM Kwi|  OCA = OAC
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv ‰Lb, OAB = OAC [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
(1) OMQ I ONS mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gq  OBA = OCA
OQ2 = OM2 + QM2 (3) ‰LvGb, AOB-‰ OAB + OBA + AOB = 180
‰es OS2 = ON2 + SN2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å] ‰es AOC-‰ OAC + OCA + AOC = 180
(2) ˆhGnZz, OQ = OS [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]  OAB + OBA + AOB = OAC + OCA + AOC
 OQ2 = OS2 ev, OAC + OCA + AOB = OAC + OCA + AOC
 OM2 + QM2 = ON2 + SN2 [avc-1] [avc-2 ˆ^GK]
ev, QM2 – SN2 = ON2 – OM2 ......... (i)  AOB = AOC
(4) ‰Lb, AOB I AOC-‰i gGaÅ weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU eMÆ| ‰i evüi Š`NÆÅ = wòfzGRi
OA mvaviY evü e†nîg evüi Š`NÆÅ AB = a = 5.5 ˆm.wg.| ‰B eGMÆi A¯¦e†Æî I cwie†î
OB = OC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ eGj] AvuKGZ nGe|
‰es AOB = AOC [evü-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å] Aâb:
 AOB  AOC (1) A, C ‰es B, D ˆhvM Kwi| AC I BD KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ
myZivs, AB = AC. (cÉgvwYZ) ˆQ` KGi|
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-8.2 ‰i Dccv`Å-4 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-136 (2) O nGZ AB ‰i Ici OE jÁ¼ Uvwb|
AZtci, (3) O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OE ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK|
1
 BAC = BOC. (cÉgvwYZ) (4) e†îwU AB, BC, CD I DA evüàGjvGK h^vKÌGg E, F, G I H we±`yGZ
2
Õ·kÆ KGi|
cÉk² 100 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 (5) ZvnGj, EFGH-B wbGYÆq A¯¦e†Æî|
‰KwU wòfzGRi evüàGjvi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3.5 ˆm.wg., 4.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es 5.5 (6) Avevi, O-ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA-‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK|
ˆm.wg.| e†îwU eGMÆi kxlÆwe±`y A, B, C I D w`Gq hvq|
K. Z^ÅvbymvGi wòfzRwU AvuK| 2 ‰B e† îB, ABCD eGMÆi wbGYÆq cwie†î|
L. wòfzRwUi ewneÆ†î AvuK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
M. wòfzRwUi e†nîg evüi mgvb evüwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eGMÆi A¯¦e†Æî I cÉk²  101 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 5
cwie†î AvuK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 PQR ‰ Q I R ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q S we±`yGZ ‰es ewnw«¼ÆLíK«¼q T
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
K C K. DcGivÚ ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AvuK| 2
1
4.5 ˆm.wg. L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QSR = 90 + 2 P. 4
3.5 ˆm.wg.
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î| 4
A B
5.5 ˆm.wg. K cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU wbÁ²i…c:
 P
ABC ‰i BC = 3.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg.| S
L
 F Q R
M
C E
N
H T
A D
B
L
 P
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| ‰i AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg.

‰es BC = 3.5 ˆm.wg.| ‰i ewnÆe†î AvuKGZ nGe| A^Ævr, ‰gb ‰KwU e†î S
AuvKGZ nGe, hv wòfzGRi ‰KwU evüGK ‰es Aci `yB evüi ewaÆZvskGK
Õ·kÆ KGi| Q R
Aâb: (1) AB I AC evü«¼qGK h^vKÌGg D I F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi| weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i Q ‰es R ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q S
(2) DBC I FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK BM ‰es CN AvuwK| gGb Kwi, E we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr, QS ‰es RS h^vKÌGg PQR ‰es PRQ
ZvGì ˆQ` we±`y| 1
(3) E ˆ^GK BC ‰i Ici EH jÁ¼ AvuwK ‰es gGb Kwi Zv BC ˆK H ‰i mgw«¼LíK| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QSR = 90° + 2 P.
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
(4) E ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi EH ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| (1) PQR-‰
ZvnGj, ‰B e†îwUB wbGYÆq ewneÆ†î| P + Q + R = 180° [ wòfzGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180° ]
M a 1 1 1
ev, 2 P + 2 Q + 2 R = 90° [Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi cvB]
5.5 ˆm.wg.
1 1 1
 Q + R = 90° – P
D G C 2 2 2
(2) QSR-‰
QSR + SQR + SRQ = 180°
1 1
O ev, QSR + 2 Q + 2 R = 180° [ QS ‰es RS îLv
F
H h^vKÌGg Q I R-‰i mgw«¼LíK]
1
ev, QSR + 90° – 2 P = 180° [avc-1 nGZ]
1
ev, QSR = 180° – 90° + 2 P
A E B
1
 QSR = 90° + P (cÉgvwYZ)
2
M

P
Aâb: (1) AB I BC îLvsGki jÁ¼ mgw«¼LíK h^vKÌGg EM I FN
îLvsk AuvwK| gGb Kwi Zviv ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
S
Q (2) B,O ˆhvM Kwi| O ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi OB ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq
R
‰KwU e†î AuvwK|
E ZvnGj, e†îwU A, B I C we±`yMvgx nGe ‰es ‰B e†îwUB ABC ‰i
wbGYÆq cwie†î|
F M
 K C M
T
weGkl wbeÆPb: PQR-‰ Q I R-‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg QS I RS, S B
O
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| PQ evüGK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es PR evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ A
Kivq h^vKÌGg EQR ‰es FRQ ewntÕ© ˆKvY«¼q Drc®² nGqGQ|
EQR ‰es FRQ ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q A^Ævr Q ‰es R ‰i
ewntw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg QT ‰es RT, T we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ
nGe ˆh, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î|
(1) PQR + EQR = 2 mgGKvY [ ŠiwLK hyMj ˆKvY] E L D N F
1 1
ev, 2 PQR + 2 EQR = 1 mgGKvY [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi] weGkl wbeÆPb: O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ ABC ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ e†î| EF ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡
ev, SQR + TQR = 1 mgGKvY mijGiLv| ABC e†Gî ‰i…c ‰KwU Õ·kÆK AvuKGZ nGe hv wbw`ÆÓ¡ mijGiLv
[ QS, PQR-‰i
1
mgw«¼LíK 2 PQR = SQR ‰es QT, EF ‰i Ici jÁ¼|
1
Aâb: (1) EF îLvi Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y D wbB| O, D ˆhvM Kwi|
EQR ‰i mgw«¼LíK 2 EQR = TQR ] (2) OD îLvi O we±`yGZ EDO = DOB AvuwK| OB iwkÄ e†îwUGK B
ev, SQT = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (i) we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| BO ˆK ewaÆZ KiGj Zv e†îwUGK A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
Z`Ë‚c, SRT = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (ii) (3) AB îLvi A I B we±`yGZ h^vKÌGg KL I MN `yBwU jÁ¼ AvuwK| KL I
(2) (i) bs ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, MN jÁ¼«¼q EF ˆK h^vKÌGg L I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
SQT + SRT = 2 mgGKvY ZvnGj, KL I MN-B wbGYÆq Õ·kÆK|
PZzfzÆR QSRT-‰ SQT + SRT = 2 mgGKvY
A^Ævr, PZzfÆR
z QSRT ‰i `ywU wecixZ ˆKvY SQT ‰es SRT cÉk²  103 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
ciÕ·i mÁ·ƒiK| ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvY msj™² `yBwU evüi Š`NÆÅ
myZivs, Q, S, R, T we±`y PviwU mge†î| (cÉgvwYZ) 3 ˆm.wg. ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.|
K. ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 2
cÉk²  102 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 L. wòfzRwUi cwie†î Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY
‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZf‚R I ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 6 AvekÅK] 4
ˆm.wg. ‰es 4 ˆm.wg.| M. DÚ e†Gî ‰gb `yBwU Õ·kÆK Aâb Ki ˆhb ZvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ
K. wòfzRwU AvuK| 2 ˆKvY 60 nq| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
L. wòfzRwUi cwie†î AsKb Ki| [AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY 103 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AvekÅK] 4 K 4 ˆm.wg.
M. DÚ e†Gî ‰gb ‰KwU Õ·kÆK AsKb Ki, ˆhb Zv wbw`ÆÓ¡ A
mijGiLvi Dci jÁ¼ nq| [AsKGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 3 ˆm.wg.
102 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 3 ˆm.wg.
K F B
4 ˆm.wg. C
A
DcGi AwâZ ABC-B nGjv DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
a a L m†Rbkxj-92(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
6 ˆm.wg.
b B
4 ˆm.wg.
B b C
E M
 90
A
L gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx
 N
D
wòfzR| hvi AwZfzR AC = 6 ˆm.wg. O 120 60 C
‰es ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 ˆm.wg.| ‰i M O
E
cwie†î AuvKGZ nGe| A^Ævr ‰gb
‰KwU e†î AuvKGZ nGe, hv wòfzGRi
90
wZbwU kxlÆwe±`y A, B I C we±`y w`Gq B C
hvq| F
A
weGkl wbeÆÆPb: gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ ABD ‰KwU e†î| ABD e†Gî ‰i…c weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb
`y’wU Õ·kÆK AvuKGZ nGe hvGì A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY 60° nq| RÅv ‰i gaÅ we±`y h^vKÌGg M, N I P| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, M, N I P
AâGbi weeiY: (1) OA ˆhGKvGbv eÅvmvaÆ wbB ‰es AOB = 120° AvuwK| we±`y wZbwU mge†î|
OB iwkÄ e†îwUGK B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| Aâb: O, M; O, N ‰es O, P ˆhvM Kwi|
(2) OB îLvi Ici B we±`yGZ ‰es OA îLvi Ici A we±`yGZ `ywU jÁ¼ cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
Uvwb| gGb Kwi, ‰B jÁ¼«¼q C we±`yGZ wgwjZ nq| (1) M, AB RÅv ‰i gaÅwe±`y| [e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê I ˆKvGbv RÅv
ZvnGj, AC I BC-B wbGYÆq Õ·kÆK«¼q, hvGì A¯¦f&ÆzÚ ACB = 60° nGe|  OM  AB ‰i gaÅwe±`yi msGhvRK
Z`Ë‚c ON  CD ‰es OP  EF îLvsk H RÅv ‰i Ici
cÉk²  104 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 jÁ¼]
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî AB, CD I EF wZbwU mgvb RÅv| M, N I P h^vKÌGg (2) ˆK±`Ê O nGZ AB, CD I EF [KÍ¸bv]
RÅvòGqi gaÅwe±`y| RÅvòGqi jÁ¼ `ƒiZ½ h^vKÌGg OM,
K. cÉ`î ZG^Åi wfwîGZ wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2 ON I OP
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, OM = ON. 4 ‰es AB = CD = EF
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, M, N I P we±`y wZbwU mge†î| 4  OM = ON = OP [‘L’ ˆ^GK]
104 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb myZivs O ˆK ˆK±`Ê
K cÉ`î ZG^Åi wfwîGZ wPòwU wbÁ²i…c:
 KGi OM ev ON ev OP
A F ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq e†î Aâb
KiGj e†îwU M, N I P we±`y w`Gq
M P hvGe|
O AZ‰e, M, N I P mge†î| (cÉgvwYZ)
B E
C N D cÉk²  105 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
‰KwU wòfzGRi wZb evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 3 ˆm.wg., 4 ˆm.wg. I 5 ˆm.wg.|
L weGkl wbeÆPb: cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, OM = ON
K. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| 2
Aâb : O ˆ^GK AB I CD RÅv ‰i Ici h^vKÌGg OM ‰es ON jÁ¼
îLvsk AvuwK| O, A ‰es O, C ˆhvM Kwi| L. AâGbi wPn× I weeiYmn wòfzRwUi ewne†Æî Aâb Ki| 4
M. wòfzRwUi ewne†ÆGîi eÅvmvGaÆi w«¼àGYi mgvb evüwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU
A C eMÆ Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
O
M N
K
 A
4 ˆm.wg.
5 ˆm.wg. 4 ˆm.wg. 3 ˆm.wg.
B D
3 ˆm.wg.
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) Avgiv Rvwb, ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®² ˆh ˆKvb RÅv ‰i Ici B 5 ˆm.wg. C
AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅvGK mgw«¼LwíZ KGi|
‰Lb, e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê O ‰es OM  RÅv AB. ABC-AvuwK hvi AB = 4 ˆm. wg., BC = 5 ˆm. wg. ‰es AC = 3 ˆm. wg.|
 AM = BM L
 F
Z`Ë…c CN = DN
(2) ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = CD
ev, AM + BM = CN + DN A
ev, AM + AM = CN + CN [ AM = BM ‰es
M
ev, 2 AM = 2 CN DN = CN ] N
O
 AM = CN. 4 ˆm.wg. H
(3) mgGKvYx OAM ‰es mgGKvYx
OCN-‰
AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OC [DfGq ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
‰es AM = CN B 5 ˆm.wg. C D
 OAM  OCN [mgGKvYx wòfyGRi AwZfyR evü
myZivs OM = ON. (cÉgvwYZ) meÆmgZv Dccv`Å] wPGò, ABC-‰i ‰KwU ewne†Æî AuvKGZ nGe|
M
 A F AâGbi weeiY:
(1) BA ‰es BC evü«¼qGK h^vKÌGg F ‰es D chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi|
(2) ACD ‰es CAF -‰i mgw«¼LíK h^vKÌGg CM ‰es AN AuvwK|
M P
O ‰iv ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(3) O we±`y nGZ OH  AC AuvwK|
B E (4) ‰Lb O we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi OH eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AuvwK|
C N D ZvnGj ‰i…Gc AwâZ e†îB wbGYÆq ewneÆ†î|
M ˆÕ•Gji mvnvGhÅ ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ wòfzRwUi ewne†ÆGîi eÅvmvaÆ ˆgGc cvB
 Aâb: S, R ˆhvM Kwi|
2.6 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
myZivs 2.6  2 = 5.2 ˆm.wg. evüwewkÓ¡ eMÆ Aâb KiGZ nGe| (1) ‰KB Pvc QR-‰i Ici `ívqgvb
F
G ˆK±`ÊÕ© QOR ‰es e†îÕ© QSR.
D C 1
 2QOR = QSR [e†Gîi ‰KB PvGci Ici `ívqgvb
e†îÕ© ˆKvY ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvGYi AGaÆK]
A^Ævr, QOR = 2QSR ... ... ... (i)
Abyi…cfvGe ˆ`LvGbv hvq ˆh,
 SOP = 2 SRP ... ... ... (ii)
QOR + SOP = 2 QSR + 2 SRP
ev, QOR + SOP = 2 (QSR + SRP)
A
B
E ev, QOR + SOP = 2 (TSR + TRS) ... ... ... (iii)
‰Lb,  TSR-‰i
gGb Kwi, eMÆGÞGòi ‰KwU evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 5.2 ˆm.wg.| eMÆ ˆÞòwU TSR + TRS = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (iv) [KviY QS  PR
AuvKGZ nGe| eGj STR = ‰K mgGKvY]
AâGbi weeiY: (1) ˆhGKvGbv iwkÄ AE nGZ AB = a = 5.2 ˆm.wg. Ask ˆKGU (3) (iv) bs ‰i gvb (iii) bs-‰ ewmGq cvB,
QOR + SOP = 2 × 1 mgGKvY
wbB|
 QOR + SOP = `yB mgGKvY| (cÉgvwYZ)
(2) AB-evüi A I B we±`yGZ h^vKÌGg AG I BF jÁ¼ Uvwb|
M DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi,
(3) AG I BF nGZ a-‰i mgvb KGi h^vKÌGg AD I BC Ask ˆKGU
PQT mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å cÉGqvM KGi cvB,
ˆbB| (4) C I D ˆhvM Kwi| PQ2 = PT2 + QT2 ................ (i)
ZvnGj ABCD-B DwóÓ¡ eMÆGÞò| Abyi…cfvGe PST mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK cvB,
PS2 = PT2 + ST2 ............... (ii)
cÉk²  106 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5 mgxKiY (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
PQ2 + PS2 = PT2 + QT2 + PT2 + ST2
P = 2PT2 + QT2 + ST2
= 2PT2 + (QT + ST)2  2QT.ST
= 2PT2 + QS2  2.QT.ST [ QT + ST = QS]
O  PQ + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2  2.QT.ST (cÉgvwYZ)
2
Q T S cÉk²  107 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6

a = 3 ˆm.wg. I b = 3.5 ˆm.wg. h^vKÌGg A I B ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†î«¼Gqi
R eÅvmvaÆ|
wPGò, PT  QS, O ˆK±`Ê K. A ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gîi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
1 1
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90 2 L. ewntÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`y Q ˆ^GK B ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gî `yBwU Õ·kÆK
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QOR + SOP = 2 mgGKvY| 4 AuvK| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PQ2 + PS2 = 2PT2 + QS2  2QT.ST. 4 M. a I b ˆK ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi mgGKvGYi mw®²wnZ evü
106 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb aGi DÚ wòfzGRi ‰KwU cwie†î Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I
weeiY AvekÅK] 4
K Avgiv Rvwb, e†îÕ© PZyfzÆGRi wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡ 180

myZivs DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi,
K ‰LvGb, A ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ a = 3 ˆm.wg.

PQR + PSR = 180
1 1  e†îwUi ˆÞòdj = a2 eMÆ ‰KK = 3.1416  (3)2 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
ev, 2 PQR + 2 PSR = 90 [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi] = 28.2744 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
1 1
 PQR + PSR = 90 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) L ewntÕ© ‰KwU we±`y Q ˆ^GK B ˆKw±`ÊK e†Gîi `yBwU Õ·kÆK AuvKGZ nGe|
2 2
P N
L

x
O Q B
Q T S
M
R
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gîi QS I PR RÅv `yBwU e†Gîi
AfÅ¯¦Gi AewÕ©Z T we±`yGZ mgGKvGY wgwjZ nGqGQ| Q, O ‰es R, O ˆhvM AâGbi weeiY:
Kivq QOR Drc®² nq| Avevi, O, P ‰es O, S ˆhvM Kivq SOP Drc®² nq| (1) Q, B ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QOR + SOP = 2 mgGKvY| (2) Q B îLvsGki gaÅwe±`y X wbYÆq Kwi|
(3) ‰Lb, X ˆK ˆK±`Ê KGi XQ ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î AvuwK| weGkl wbeÆPb : ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR mgevü|
gGb Kwi, AwâZ e†îwU B ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†îGK M I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| A^Ævr PQ = QR = PR ‰es OP, OQ I OR h^vKÌGg P, Q I R
(4) Q, M; Q, N ˆhvM Kwi| ‰i mgw«¼L´£K ‰es ‰iv ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| cÉgvY
ZvnGj, QM I QN-B wbGYÆq Õ·kÆK«¼q| KiGZ nGe ˆh, PO = QO = RO
M m†Rbkxj92(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
(1) PQR-‰ P = Q = R [mgevü wòfzGR cÉGZÅK ˆKvY
cÉk² 108 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 1 1 1
ev, 2 P = 2 Q = 2 R ciÕ·Gii mgvb]
PQR ‰i Q I R ‰i mgw«¼L´£K O we±`yGZ ciÕ·i wgwjZ nGqGQ|
[DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi]
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU AuvK| 2 ev, OPR = OQR = ORP [OP, OQ I OR h^vKÌGg
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 2 QOR = 180  QPR. 4 = ORQ
P, Q I R ‰i
M. PQR wòfzRwU mgevü nGj cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PO = QO = RO. 4 mgw«¼L´£K]
108 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (2) OPR-‰ OPR = ORP [avc (1) nGZ]
K
 P  OP = OR .................. (i) [wòfzGRi mgvb mgvb ˆKvGYi
wecixZ evü«¼q mgvb nq]
O (3) Avevi OQR-‰
OQR = ORQ
 OQ = OR ............... (ii)
Q R (4) (i) bs I (ii) bs nGZ,
L
 P
OP = OQ = OR
 PO = QO = RO (cÉgvwYZ)
Q R cÉk²  109 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6

OˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî PM I PN RÅv ˆK±`ÊMvgx bq|
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
D E 1
O L. ˆ`LvI ˆh MPN = 2 MON. 4
M. hw` PMQN PZzfzÆRwU e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ nq ZGe cÉgvY Ki ˆh,
weGkl wbeÆPb: PQR ‰i PQ evüGK D chÆ¯¦ ‰es PR evüGK E chÆ¯¦ MQN + MPN = 180. 4
ewaÆZ Kivq Q I R we±`yGZ `yBwU ewntÕ© ˆKvY h^vKÌGg DQR ‰es 109 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ERQ Drc®² nGqGQ| ‰Lb, DQR ‰i mgw«¼L´£K QO ‰es ERQ ‰i K
 P
mgw«¼L´£K RO ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, 2QOR = 180 – QPR
(1) PQR-‰, O
P + Q + R = 180 [wòfyGRi wZb ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ `yB mgGKvY] M N
1 1 1
ev, 2
P + Q + R = 90...........(i)
2 2
(2) Avevi, QOR-‰ O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî PM I PN `yBwU ˆK±`ÊMvgx bq ‰gb `yBwU RÅv|
QOR + OQR + ORQ = 180 P
1 1 L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ MPN
ev, QOR + 2 DQR + 2 ERQ = 180 e†Gî Zvi ‰KB DcPvc MN ‰i
1 1
ev, QOR + 2 (180 – Q) + 2 (180 – R) = 180 Dci `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© MPN ‰es
ˆK±`ÊÕ© MON. O
1 1
ev, QOR + 90 – 2 Q + 90 – 2 R = 180
1 1
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, M R N
ev, QOR = 2 Q + 2 R 1
MPN = MON
2
1
ev, QOR = 90 – 2 P Aâb : P we±`y w`Gq O ˆK±`ÊMvgx îLvsk PR AuvwK|
 2QOR = 180 – QPR (cÉgvwYZ) cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
M
 (1) POM ‰i ewn:Õ© ˆKvY [ewn:Õ© ˆKvY A¯¦:Õ©
P
MOR = OPM + PMO wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi mgwÓ¡i
mgvb]
(2) POM-‰ OP = OM [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
O  OPM = OMP [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg
msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU mgvb]
Q R (3) avc (1) I (2) ˆ^GK
MOR = 2OPM ....... (i) L
 A
(4) ‰KBfvGe PON ˆ^GK
NOR = 2OPN .......... (ii)
(5) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, C C
MOR + NOR = 2OPM + 2OPN
ev, MON = 2(OPM + OPN)
ev, MON = 2MPN B
1
MPN = 2 MON (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) gGbKwi, C, C ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ `ywU e†î ciÕ·iGK A, B we±`yGZ ˆQ`
KGiGQ| AB e†î«¼Gqi mvaviY RÅv| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe CC îLvsk
M
 P AB RÅvGK mgGKvGY mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi|
Aâb: A, C; B, C; A, C ‰es B, C ˆhvM Kwi|
O cÉgvY: AC = BC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
M
Avevi, C ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî, AC = BC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
N
 CC îLvi ˆh ˆKvb we±`y A ‰es B nGZ mgvb `ƒGi AewÕ©Z|
A^Ævr CC îLv ‰KwU mçvic^|
mvaviY RÅv AB ˆK mgGKvGY mgw«¼LwíZ KGi|
Q  CC îLv AB ˆK mgGKvGY mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi|
M gGb Kwi A, B `ywU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, A, B we±`y
w`Gq MgbKvix mKj e†Gîi ˆK±`ÊàGjv mgGiL|
weGkl wbeÆPb : ˆÌqv AvGQ, PMQN PZzfzÆRwU O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî A
A¯¦wjÆwLZ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
MQN + MPN = 180
Aâb : O, M I O, N ˆhvM Kwi| C C
(1) ‰KB Pvc MPN ‰i Dci `´£vqgvb [‰KB PvGci Dci
B
ˆK±`ÊÕ© cÉe†«¬ MON = 2 e†îÕ© MQN `´£vqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© Aâb: A, B ˆK±`ÊMvgx `ywU e†î
ˆKvY e†îÕ© ˆKvGYi AuvwK| awi e†î«¼Gqi ˆK±`Ê C, C|
w«¼àY] C, C ˆhvM Kwi|
(2) ‰KB Pvc MQN ‰i Dci `´£vqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© cÉgvY: C ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî AC = BC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
MON = 2 = e†îÕ© MPN ......... (ii) Avevi, C ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ e†Gî AC = BC [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
(3) (i) bs I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB A^Ævr CC îLvi mKj we±`y A I B nGZ mg`ƒieZÆx|
cÉe†«¬ MON + MON A^Ævr A, B we±`yMvgx mKj e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê CC îLvq ^vKGe| (cÉgvwYZ)
= 2MQN + 2MPN
ev, 360 = 2(MQN + MPN) cÉk²  111 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
360 A
ev, MQN + MPN = 2
 MQN + MPN = 180 (cÉgvwYZ) P
B C
C I C ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†î«¼q ciÕ·iGK A I B we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
E
K. A I B we±`y w`Gq `yBwU e†Gîi ‰KwU mvaviY RÅv AuvK| 2 Q F
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, CC îLvsk AB RÅvGK mgGKvGY mgw«¼Lw´£Z
K. mgGiL I mge†î KvGK eGj? 2
KGi| 4 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, `yBwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ we±`y A I B w`Gq hvq ‰gb me L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, BPC = 90 + 2 A. 4
e†Gîi ˆK±`ÊàGjv ‰KB mijGiLvq AewÕ©Z| 4 M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, B,P,C,Q we±`y PviwU mge†î| 4
110 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 111 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K
 K mgGiL: `yB ev ZGZvwaK we±`y ‰KB mijGiLv eivei AeÕ©vb KiGj

A ZvGìGK mgGiL eGj|
mge†î: `yB ev ZGZvwaK we±`y ‰KB e†Gîi cwiwa eivei AeÕ©vb
KiGj ZvGìGK mge†î eGj|
C C
L
 A
P
ˆÌqv AvGQ, C ‰es C ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†î«¼q ciÕ·iGK A I B we±`yGZ
ˆQ` KGiGQ| A, B ˆhvM Kwi| AB-B `yBwU e†Gîi mvaviY RÅv| B C
ˆÌqv AvGQ, wòfzR ABC ‰i B I C ‰i mgw«¼L´£K«¼q P cÉk²  112 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6
we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| A^Ævr BP I CP h^vKÌGg ABC I ACB E P
G
‰i mgw«¼L´£K| cÉgvb KiGZ nGe ˆh, S
1 O
BPC = 90 + A. M
2 N
O
(1) ABC-‰ A + B + C = 180 [ wòfzGRi wZb F H Q R
ˆKvGYi mgwÓ¡ 180] wPò-1 wPò-2
1 1 1
ev, 2
A + B + C = 90
2 2
[Dfq cÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi] RÅv EF = RÅv GH, RÅv PQ > RÅv SR ‰es OM PQ, ON  SR
ev,
1 1 1
B + C = 90  A .................... (i) K. wPòmn e†îÕ© I ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvGYi msæv ˆjL| 2
2 2 2
L. wPò-1 ‰i AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK RÅv-«¼Gqi
(2) BPC-‰
`ƒiZ½ mgvb| 4
BPC + PBC + PCB = 180
1 1 M. wPò-2 ‰i AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, OM < ON. 4
ev, BPC + B + C = 180 [  BP I CP îLv
2 2 112 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
C
h^vKÌGg B I C ‰i mgw«¼L´£K] K e†îÕ© ˆKvY: ‰KwU ˆKvGYi kxlÆwe±`y

1 ˆKvGbv e†Gîi ‰KwU we±`y nGj ‰es
ev, BPC + 90  A = 180
2
[(i) bs nGZ]
1 ˆKvYwUi cÉGZÅK evüGZ kxlÆwe±`y QvovI O
ev, BPC = 180  90 + A
2 e†Gîi ‰KwU we±`y ^vKGj ˆKvYwUGK ‰KwU

1
BPC = 90 + A (cÉgvwYZ)
e†îÕ© ˆKvY ev e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ ˆKvY ejv A B
2
nq| wPGò ACB e†îÕ© ˆKvY|
M ˆh, B, P, C, Q we±`y PviwU mge†î|
 ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY: ‰KwU ˆKvGYi kxlÆwe±`y
A ˆKvb e†Gîi ˆKG±`Ê AewÕ©Z nGj
P ˆKvYwUGK ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY ejv nq ‰es O
B ˆKvYwU e†Gî ˆh Pvc Lw´£Z KGi ˆmB
C
PvGci Dci Zv `´£vqgvb ejv nq| wPGò A B
E AOB ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY|
F L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ,

O e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê ‰es EF ‰es GH `yBwU mgvb RÅv|
E G
Q cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, O ˆ^GK
EF I GH ‰i `ƒiZ½ mgvb|
ABC-‰ B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg BP I CP, P we±`yGZ A B
AâGbi weeiY: O ˆ^GK EF ‰es GH O
wgwjZ nGqGQ| AB evüGK E chÆ¯¦ ‰es AC evüGK F chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kivq
‰i Dci h^vKÌGg OA ‰es OB
h^vKÌGg EBC ‰es FCB ewntÕ© ˆKvY«¼q Drc®² nGqGQ| EBC ‰es F H
jÁ¼ Uvwb| O, E I O, G ˆhvM Kwi|
FCB ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q A^Ævr B ‰es C ‰i ewntw«¼LíK«¼q h^vKÌGg
BQ ‰es CQ, Q we±`yGZ wgwjZ nGqGQ| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, B, P, C, Q
(1) OAEF ‰es OBGH [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®²
we±`y PviwU mge†î|
myZivs AE = AF ‰es ˆhGKvGbv RÅv ‰i Dci
BG = BH AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅvGK
(1) ABC + EBC = 2 mgGKvY [ ŠiwLK hyMj ˆKvY]
mgw«¼L´£Z KGi]
1 1
ev, 2 ABC + 2 EBC = 1 mgGKvY [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi ]  AE =
1
EF
1
‰es BG = 2 GH
2
ev, PBC + QBC = 1 mgGKvY (2) wK¯¦y EF = GH [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
1
[ BP, ABC-‰i mgw«¼LíK  2 ABC = PBC ‰es BQ,  AE = BG
1 (3) ‰Lb OAE ‰es OBG mgGKvYx
EBC ‰i mgw«¼LíK  2 EBC = QBC ] wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ
ev, PBQ = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (i) AwZfzR OE = AwZfzR OG [DfGq e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
Z`Ë‚c, PCQ = 1 mgGKvY ... ... ... (ii) AE = BG [avc-2]
(2) (i) bs ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,  OAE  OBG [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR
PBQ + PCQ = 2 mgGKvY  OA = OB evü meÆmgZv Dccv`Å]
PZzfzÆR BPCQ-‰ PBQ + PCQ = 2 mgGKvY (4) wK¯¦y OA ‰es OB ˆK±`Ê O ˆ^GK
A^Ævr, PZzfzÆR BPCQ ‰i `ywU wecixZ ˆKvY PBQ ‰es PCQ h^vKÌGg EF I GH RÅv ‰i `ƒiZ½|
ciÕ·i mÁ·ƒiK| myZivs EF I GH RÅv«¼q e†Gîi
myZivs, B, P, C, Q we±`y PviwU mge†î| (cÉgvwYZ) ˆK±`Ê nGZ mg`ƒieZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ)
M weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆÌqv AvGQ, P S
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ PQRS e†Gîi (1) OPAB nIqvq
PQ I RS `yBwU RÅv ‰es OPA = OPB = ‰K mgGKvY|
M N
PQ > RS. OMPQ I ONRS. O   OPA I OPBmgGKvYx|
ˆ`LvGZ nGe ˆh, OM < ON. (2) ‰Lb, OPA I OPB mgGKvYx
Q R
Aâb: O, P I O, S ˆhvM Kwi| wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ, [DfGqB ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv AwZfzR OA = AwZfzR OB
(1) OMPQ I ONRS [e†Gîi eÅvm wf®² AbÅ ˆhGKvb ‰es OP = OP [mvaviY evü]
RÅv-‰i Dci ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK AwâZ  OPA  OPB
jÁ¼ RÅvGK mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi] (3) AP = BP
(2) ‰Lb PQ > RS [ˆÌqv AvGQ]  P, AB RÅvGqi gaÅwe±`y| (cÉgvwYZ)
D
1 1
 PQ > RS [DfqcÞGK 2 «¼viv fvM KGi] M gGbKwi, O e†Gîi ˆK±`Ê Q
2 2 C
‰es AB I CD e†Gîi
ev, PM > SN O
`yBwU mgvb RÅv|
ev, PM2 > SN2 [eMÆ KGi] A
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, OP = OQ P B
(3) mgGKvYx OMP ‰es mgGKvYx
Aâb: O, A ‰es O, C ˆhvM Kwi|
OSN ‰i AwZfzR h^vKÌGg
OP I OS.
(1) OP  AB [ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK eÅvm wf®²
 OP2 = PM2 + OM2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å ˆ^GK]
I OQ  CD ˆhGKvGbv RÅv ‰i Dci
‰es OS2 = ON2 + SN2 myZivs, AP = BP ‰es CQ = DQ AwâZ jÁ¼ RÅvGK
(4) wK¯¦y OP = OS [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ] mgw«¼Lw´£Z KGi]
 OP2 = OS2 1 1
A^Ævr PM2 + OM2 = ON2 + SN2  AP = AB ‰es CQ = CD.
2 2
ev, PM2  SN2 = ON2  OM2 ..... (i) (2) wK¯¦y AB = CD [KÍ¸bv]
(5) ˆhGnZy PM2 > SN2 [avc 2 ˆ^GK]  AP = CQ
ev, PM2  SN2 > 0 (3) ‰Lb OAP ‰es OCQ mgGKvYx
ev, ON2  OM2 > 0 [avc 4 ˆ^GK] wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ AwZfzR
ev, ON2 > OM2 OA = AwZfzR OC ‰es [DfGq ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
ev, ON > OM AP = CQ
 OM < ON  OAP  OCQ [mgGKvYx wòfzGRi
A^Ævr PQ RÅv RS RÅv ˆ^GK ˆKG±`Êi wbKUeZÆx| (cÉgvwYZ) AwZfzR-evü meÆmgZv Dccv`Å]
 OP = OQ (cÉgvwYZ)
cÉk²  113 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4 cÉk²  114 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 5
O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî AB I CD `yBwU mgvb RÅv| O ˆ^GK AB I CD ‰i P
Ici h^vKÌGg OP ‰es OQ jÁ¼|
K. DGÍÏwLZ ZG^Åi wfwîGZ wPò AuvK| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, P, AB ‰i gaÅwe±`y| 4 N
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, OP = OQ. 4
D
113 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 6cm
K
 M 8cm Q
C Q
D
wPGò, N we±`ywU e†îwUi ˆK±`Ê|
O
K. e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 2
A B L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MQ = QD. 4
P
M. MD DcPvGci Dci `ívqgvb e†îÕ©GKvY I ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvYwUi
gGaÅ mÁ·KÆwU wjGL Zv cÉgvY Ki| 4
gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ e†Gî AB I CD `yBwU mgvb RÅv| O
ˆ^GK AB I CD RÅv ‰i Dci h^vKÌGg OP I OQ jÁ¼|
K DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi,

L gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡
 MQ = 8 ˆm.wg., NQ = 6 ˆm. wg., MQN = 90 ‰es MN e†îwUi
e†Gî AB eÅvm bq ‰gb O eÅvmvaÆ|
‰KwU RÅv| cÉgvY KiGZ ‰Lb, MNQ nGZ cvB,
nGe ˆh, P, AB RÅv ‰i A B MN2 = MQ2 + NQ2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 64 + 36 = 100
P
gaÅwe±`y|  MN = 10
Aâb: O, A I O, B ˆhvM Kwi|  e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ 10 ˆm.wg. (Ans.)
L
 P 115 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ‰LvGb, mgevü wòfzGRi evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 2 ˆm.wg.

3
N  wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ ‰KK
3 2
= (2) eMÆ ˆm.wg.
4
M Q D
3
= .4 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
4
gGb Kwi, N ˆK±`ÊwewkÓ¡ MDP e†Gî MD RÅv| QN  MD. cÉgvY KiGZ
= 3 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
nGe ˆh, Q, MD ‰i gaÅwe±`y| A^Ævr MQ = DQ = 1.732 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
Aâb: N, M I N, D ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv L P

10 ˆm.wg.
(1) MND-‰ NM = ND [DfGq ‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
 NMD = NDM [wòfzGRi mgvb mgvb evüi wecixZ 45
60 y
ˆKvYàGjv ciÕ·i mgvb] x
(2) ‰Lb, NMQ I NDQ ‰ H
G A
NQM = NQD [ˆhGnZy NQ  MD ˆmGnZy DfGqB
NMQ = NDQ mgGKvY]
‰es NQ mvaviY evü
myZivs, NMQ  NDQ [ˆKvY-ˆKvY-evü Dccv`Å]
 MQ = DQ (cÉgvwYZ) D B p C E F
M DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi, MD DcPvGci Dci `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY

 ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY h^vKÌGg
MPD ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY MND ‰Gì gGaÅ mÁ·KÆwU nGjv, x = 60, y = 45 ‰es cwimxgv
MND = 2MPD p = 10 ˆm.wg.| wòfzRwU AuvKGZ nGe|
P AâGbi weeiY:
(1) ˆh ˆKvGbv iwkÄ DF ˆ^GK DE = p = 10 ˆm. wg. ˆKGU wbB|
1 1
N DEîLvsGki D I E we±`yGZ 2 x I 2 y ‰i mgvb KGi
D h^vKÌGg EDH I DEG AuvwK|
M L
(2) DH I EG ciÕ·i A we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
(3) ‰Lb, A we±`yGZ ADE ‰i mgvb KGi DAB ‰es AED
gGb Kwi, N ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ MDP ‰KwU e†î| MD PvGci Dci `´£vqgvb ‰i mgvb KGi EAC AuvwK|
e†îÕ© ˆKvY MPD ‰es ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY MND (4) AB I AC, DE ˆK h^vKÌGg B I C we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, MND = 2MPD ZvnGj, ABC-B DwóÓ¡ wòfzR|
Aâb: gGb Kwi, PD îLvsk ˆK±`ÊMvgx bq| ‰GÞGò P we±`y w`Gh 10
M wòfzRwUi AaÆcwimxgv = 2 ˆm.wg. = 5 ˆm.wg.

ˆK±`ÊMvgx îLvsk PL AvuwK|
myZivs 5 ˆm.wg. evü aGi AwâZ eGMÆi cwie†î Aâb KiGZ nGe|
ABCD ‰KwU AwâZ eMÆ hvi evüi Š`NÆÅ 5 ˆm.wg.| eMÆwUi cwie†î
(1) PNM ‰i ewntÕ© ˆKvY
AuvKGZ nGe|
MNL = MPN + PMN [ewntÕ© ˆKvY A¯¦tÕ© wecixZ ˆKvY«¼Gqi
5 ˆm.wg.
mgwÓ¡i mgvb] a D G C
(2) Avevi, PNM ‰ NP = NM [‰KB e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ]
 PMN = MPN [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg msj™² ˆKvY `yBwU mgvb]
 MNL = MPN + MPN O F
H
 MNL = 2MPN
‰KBfvGe, PND ˆ^GK, DNL = 2DPN
(3) myZivs MNL + DNL = 2MPN + 2DPN [ˆhvM KGi]
A^Ævr, MND = 2MPD (cÉgvwYZ) A E B

‰KwU wòfzGRi wZb evüi mgwÓ¡ 10 ˆm.wg. ‰es ‰i f„wg msj™² ˆKvY«¼q AâGbi weeiY:
45‰es 60. (1) A, C ‰es B, D ˆhvM Kwi| AC ‰es BD ciÕ·iGK O we±`yGZ
K. 2 ˆm.wg. evüwewkÓ¡ mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2 ˆQ` KGi|
L. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 (2) O we±`yGK ˆK±`Ê KGi OA ev OB ‰i mgvb eÅvmvaÆ wbGq ‰KwU e†î
M. wòfzGRi AaÆ-cwimxgvGK evü aGi AwâZ eGMÆi cwie†î Aâb AuvwK|
Ki| [AâGbi wPn× I weeiY AvekÅK] 4 ZvnGj, ‰i…Gc AwâZ e†îB wbGYÆq cwie†î|
AaÅvq-9: wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ

cÉk² 75 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 ev, tan (x − y) = tan30
 x − y = 30 ................ (ii)
A
(i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆhvM KGi cvB,
2x = 90  x = 45
x+y
a Avevi, (i) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs mgxKiY weGqvM KGi cvB,
x−y 2y = 30  y = 15
B b
C myZivs x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (Ans.)
K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  76 w`bvRci êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

b a A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos − sin `yBwUwòGKvYwgwZK ivwk|
1− 2
a2 + b 2 a + b2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, + = 2 cosecA. 4 K.  = 45 nGj A ‰es B ‰i gvb wbYÆ q Ki| 2
a b
1− 2
a +b 2 2
a +b 2 L. A = 2 (A − sin) nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, B = 2 (A − cos) 4
M. A = 1 nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ˆhLvGb 0    90. 4
M. a = 1 ‰es b = 3 nGj x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos  sin

K
 A
 = 45 nGj, A = cos45 + sin 45 ‰es B = cos45  sin 45
1 1 1 1
x+y = + = 
a 2 2 2 2
x−y 1+1 2  B=0
C = = = 2
B b 2 2
 A = 2 ‰es B = 0 (Ans.)
wPòvbymvGi, AB = a, BC = b ‰es ABC = 90
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = cos + sin ‰es B = cos  sin

cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
‰Lb A = 2 (A  sin) nGj
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ev, AC2 = a2 + b2  AC = a2 + b2 (Ans.)
cos + sin = 2 (cos + sin  sin)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = a, BC = b

ev, cos + sin = 2 cos
‰es AC = a2 + b2 [‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦]
b a BC AB
ev, sin = 2 cos  cos
1− 2 2 1−
a2 + b2 a +b AC AC ev, sin = ( 2  1) cos
evgcÞ = + = + [ ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ]
1− 2 2
a b
1−
AB BC ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = ( 2 + 1) ( 2  1) cos
a +b 2
a +b 2 AC AC
ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = {( 2 )2  1} cos
sinA 1 − cosA sin2A + (1 − cosA)2
=
1 − cosA
+
sinA
=
(1 − cos A) sinA
ev, ( 2 + 1) sin = (2  1) cos
sin A + 1 − 2cosA + cos2A
2 ev, 2 sin + sin = cos
=
(1 − cosA) sinA ev, 2 sin = cos  sin
1 + 1 − 2cosA ev, cos  sin = 2 sin
= [‹ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
(1 − cosA) sinA
2(1 − cosA) 1
ev, cos  sin = 2 (cos + sin cos)
= = 2. = 2 cosecA = WvbcÞ  B = 2 (A  cos) (cÉgvwYZ)
(1 − cosA) sinA sinA
b
1− 2
a M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
a2 + b 2 a + b2 A = cos + sin
 + = 2cosecA (cÉgvwYZ)
1− 2
a b A = 1 nGj cos + sin = 1
2 2 2
a +b a +b ev, cos = 1  sin
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = a = 1
 ev, cos2 = (1  sin)2
BC = b = 3 ev, cos2 = 1  2sin + sin2
‰Lb, mgGKvYx ABC ‰ ev, 1  sin2 = 1  2 sin + sin2
BC
tan BAC =
AB ev, 1  2sin + sin2 – 1 + sin2 = 0
3 ev, 2 sin2  2sin = 0
ev, tan (x + y) = 1 ev, 2 sin (sin  1) = 0
ev, tan (x + y) = tan60 ev, sin (sin  1) = 0
 x + y = 60 ............. (i) nq, sin = 0 Aêv, sin  1 = 0
AB
Avevi, tan ACB = BC sin = sin0 ev, sin = 1
  = 0 ev, sin = sin90   = 90
1
ev, tan (x − y) =
3   = 0 ev 90 (Ans.)
cÉk²  77 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 78 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
A
K ‰LvGb, AB = a, AC = a2 + b2
 A
2 2
 BC = AC – AB
a2 + b 2
= ( a2 + b2)2 – a2 a
1 = a2 + b 2 – a2 = b 2 = b

AB B C

myZivs, tan = BC
B C
3 a
 tan = (Ans.)
b
K.  ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2
1 1

L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, 1 + sin2 + 1 + cosec2 = 1. 4 a
tan =
b
cosB – sinB 3–1
M. hw` cosB + sinB = nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh, B = . 4 ev,
sin
=
a
3+1 cos b
77 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a sin a2 a
K wPò nGZ cvB,
 A
ev, b cos
= 2
b
[b «¼viv àY KGi]
AC a sin + b cos a2 + b 2
tan =
BC ev, a sin – b cos
= 2 2
a –b
[ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1 1
ev, tan = 2
a sin  b cos a – b 2
3  =
a sin + b cos a2 + b2
(Ans.)
ev, tan = tan30 B
 C M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 9.1 ‰i D`vniY 9 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-182

  = 30 3
L
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,  = 30 cÉk²  79 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
1 1 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR B = 1 mgGKvY ‰es tanA = 1
evgcÞ = 1 + sin2 + 1 + cosec2
1 1 K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
= +
1 + (sin30)2 1 + (cosec 30)2 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK (sec2A + cot2C + sin2A) ‰i gvb wbYÆq
=
1
+
1 KGiv| 4
2
1 2 1 + (2) 1 – sin2A 2tan2A
1+
2 () M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, 1 + sin2A + 3sin2A = 1 4
=
1
+
1
=
1
+
1 79 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
1 1+4 4+1 5 K ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = 1 mgGKvY ‰es tanA = 1 A

1+
4 4
4 1 4+1 5 Avgiv Rvwb,
= + = = = 1 = WvbcÞ jÁ¼ BC
5 5 5 5
tanA = =

1
+
1
= 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
f„wg AB
1 + sin2 1 + cosec2 BC
M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 ev, 1 = AB
C
cosB  sinB 31  AB = BC B
=
cosB + sinB 3+1 ABC nGZ,
cosB  sinB + cosB + sinB 3 1 + 3 + 1 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + AB2 = 2AB2
ev, cosB  sinB  cosB  sinB = [ˆhvRb weGqvRb KGi]
31 31  AC = 2 AB (Ans.)
2cosB 2 3 L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanA = 1
ev,  2sinB =  2
ev, tanA = tan45  A = 45
cosB
ev, sinB = 3 Avevi, A + B + C = 180
ev, cotB = 3 ev, C = 180 − A − B = 180 − 45 − 90 = 45
 sec2A + cot2C + sin2A = sec245 + cot245 + sin245
ev, cotB = cot30
1 2
 B = 30
myZivs B =  [‘K’ nGZ cvB] (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
= ( 2)2 + (1)2 +
2 ( )
1 4+2+1 7
cÉk²  78 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 =2+1+ =
2 2
= (Ans.)
2
A
1 − sin2A 2tan2A
M evgcÞ = 1 + sin2A + 3sin2A

1 − sin245 2tan245
= + [‹ A = 45]
1 + sin245 3sin(2  45)
B C 2
1
AB = a, AC = a + b ‰es C =  nGj,
2 2
=
1−
( ) 2
+
2.(1)2
K. wPò nGZ tan ‰i wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ wbYÆq KGiv| 2 1 2
3.sin90
a sin – b cos
L. tan ‰i gvGbi Dci wfwî KGi a sin + b cos ‰i gvb wbYÆq
1+
( ) 2
1
KGiv| 4 1−
2 2
M. hw` tanA + sinA = m, tanA – sinA = n nq ZvnGj cÉgvY KGiv = +
1 31
ˆh, m2 – n2 = 4 mn. 4 1+
2
2−1 1 cÉk²  81 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7
2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
= + = + =  + = +
2+1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 A
2 2
1+2 3 x+y
= = = 1 = WvbcÞ a
3 3
2 2
1 − sin A 2tan A
 + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ) x–y
1 + sin2A 3sin2A B C
a 3
wPGò ABC ‰KwU wòfzR
K. AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
1
ABC ‰ B = 90 ‰es tan = L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, x = 45 ‰es y = 15. 4
3
K. AC evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 2 M. B + 15‰i wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZàGjv êi KGiv| 4
cosec2 – sec2 1 81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, cosec2 + sec2 = 2. 4 
K wc^vGMvivGmi mƒòvbymvGi cvB,
M. A = x – y =  ‰es C = x + y nGj x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq AB2 = AC2 + BC2 = a2 + (a 3)2 = a2 + 3a2 = 4a2
KGiv| 4 \ AB = 2a
\AB ‰i Š`NÆÅ 2a ‰KK
C a 3
K DABC-‰ B = 90
 L
 wPò ˆ^GK, tan A = a
\ AC2 = AB2 + BC2
ev, tan (x + y) = 3 ev, tan (x + y) = tan 60
\ AC = AB2 + BC2 ‰KK (Ans.)
\ x + y = 60................(i)
1
L
 tan = B A
Avevi, tan B =
a
3
a 3
2 1
\ tan  = 1
3 ev, tan (x  y) = ev, tan (x  y) = tan 30
1 4 3
sec2 = 1 + tan2 = 1 + = \ x  y = 30................(ii)
3 3
2 1 2
‰Lb (i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
tan  = \ cot  = 3
3 x + y + x  y = 60 + 30
cosec  = 1 + cot2 = 1 + 3 = 4
2
90
4 12  4
ev, 2x = 90 ev, x = 2 \ x = 45
4
‰Lb, evgcÞ =
cosec2  sec2
=
3
=
3 x ‰i
gvb (i) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
cosec2 + sec2 4 12 + 4
45 + y = 60 ev, y = 60  45 \ y = 15
4+
3 3
\ x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
8 3 1
=  = = WvbcÞ M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, x  y = 30

3 16 2
cosec2  sec2 1 wPò ˆ^GK B = x  y = 30
\ = (cÉgvwYZ)
cosec2 + sec2 2 ‰Lb B + 15 = 30 + 15 = 45
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, A = x  y =  ‰es C = x + y
 45 ˆKvGYi wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZàGjv êi KiGZ nGe|
BC AZci:
ABC ‰ tanA =
AB
BC
MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjb 9.2 ‰i AbyGœQ` 9.6 ‰i 45 ˆKvGYi
ev, tan = AB wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-187
1 BC 1
ev, =
3 AB [
 tan =
3 ] cÉk²  82 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
BC 1
ev, AB = Y
3 A
1
ev, tanA =
3
1
ev, tan (x  y) = y
3
ev, tan (x  y) = tan 30
\ x  y = 30..............(i) 
AB O X
Avevi, tan C = BC x B
ev, tan (x + y) = 3 = tan 60

\ x + y = 60..............(ii) K. cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
(i) I (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ ˆ`LvI ˆh, sin2 + cos2
2x = 90 \ x = 45 = 1| 4
Avevi, (ii) bs nGZ (i) bs weGqvM KGi cvB, sinA 1 – cosA
2y = 30 \ y = 15 (
M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK 1 – cosA + sinA ) ‰i gvb wbYÆq
myZivs x = 45 ‰es y = 15 (Ans.) Ki, hLb x = 3, y = 4| 4
82 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  83 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
K wPò ˆ^GK cvB,
 Y wbGPi wPòwU jÞÅ Kit
A
f„wg = OB = x A
jÁ¼ = AB = y y 
Avgiv Rvwb,  1
f„wg OB O x B X
cot = =
jÁ¼ AB B

C
x 1
 cot  = . (Ans.)
y
L ‘K’ ‰i wPòvbymvGi cvB,
 K. AwZf„R ‰i cwigvY KZ? 2
f„wg = OB = x L. cos + cos ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
jÁ¼ = AB = y M. wPGòi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin2 + cos2 = 1. 4
‰es AOB =  ‰KwU mƒßGKvY 83 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, K wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
 A
(AwZfƒR)2 = (f„wg)2 + (jÁ¼)2 AC = AB2 + BC2 
ev, OA2 = OB2 + AB2 = 12 + 12 1
ev, OA2 = x2 + y2 = 1+1 = 2
 OA = x2 + y2 AwZfzR 2 ‰KK (Ans.) 
Avgiv Rvwb, B 1 C

jÁ¼ AB y
sin = = =
AwZfyR OA x2 + y2 AwZfzR AC = 2
f„wg OB x BC 1
cos = = = ‰Lb, cos = AC =
AwZfyR OA x2 + y2 2
evgcÞ = sin2 + cos2 AB 1
y 2 x 2
‰es cos = AC =
=
( 2
x2 + y2 ) (2
+
x2 + y2 ) 1
2
1 1+1 2
y x  cos + cos = + = = = 2 (Ans.)
= 2 + 2 2 2 2
x + y2 x2 + y2
x2 + y2 M ‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

= 2 =1
x + y2 AB 1 AB 1
= WvbcÞ
sin =
AC
= ‰es cos = AC =
2 2
 sin2 + cos2 = 1 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
(AB) + ( ) AB
2 2
‰Lb, sin2 + cos2 = AC AC

OB = x 1 2 1 2
AB = y
=
( ) ( )
2
+
2
OA = x2 + y2 1 1 1+1 2
= + = = =1
2 2 2 2
ˆÌqv AvGQ, x = 3 ‰es y = 4
‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,  sin2 + cos2 = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
OB x 3 3 3
sinA = = 2 = 2 = =
OA x + y2 3 + 42 25 5 cÉk²  84 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
cosA =
AB
= 2
y
= 2
4
=
4
=
4 ‰es tanA − sinA = n
tanA + sinA = m
OA x + y2 3 + 42 25 5 K. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan2A. sin2A = mn. 2
sinA 1 − cosA
cÉ`î ivwk = 1 − cosA + sinA L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, m2 − n2 = 4 mn. 4
3 4
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, secA = mn. cosec2A. 4
5
1
= +
4 3 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

1
5 5 tanA + sinA = m
3 1 tanA – sinA = n
5 5 ‰Lb, tan2A. sin2A
= +
1 3 = tan2A.(1 – cos2A) [ sin2A + cos2A = 1]
5 5 = tan2A – tan2A.cos2A
3 5 1 5 sin2A
=  +  = tan2A – . cos2A
5 1 5 3 cos2A
1 9+1 = tan2A – sin2A
=3+ = = (tanA + sinA) (tanA – sinA)
3 3
10 = mn [gvb ewmGq]
= (Ans.)
3  tan2A.sin2A = mn (cÉgvwYZ)
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 9.1 ‰i D`vniY 11 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-183
 BC
Avevi, tanA = AB ........... (ii)

3
m2 – n2 = 4 mn tanA = [ BC = 3 I AB = 1]
1
ev, (tanA + sinA)2 – (tanA – sinA)2 = 4 mn [m, n ‰i gvb ewmGq]
 tanA = 3
ev, 4tanA sinA = 4 mn [ (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab]
1 1 1 1
ev, tanA.sinA = mn [4 «¼viv fvM KGi] ‰Lb, 2 – sin2A + 2 + tan2A = +
2 + ( 3)2
( ) 3 2
sinA 2–
ev, cosA.sinA = mn 2
sin A2 1 1 1 1 1 1
ev, cosA = mn = + = + = +
3 2+3 8–3 5 5 5
2–
4 4 4
1 mn
ev, cosA = sin2A 4 1 4+1 5
= + = = =1
5 5 5 5
1
ev, secA = mn. sin2A 1 1
 + = 1 (cÉgvwYZ)
2 – sin2A 2 + tan2A
 secA = mn cosec2A (cÉgvwYZ)
BC AB
M wPòvbyhvqx, sin = AC ‰es cos = AC

(BC) + 3.AB
2
A ˆÌqv AvGQ, 2 AC AC
–3=0
  2(sin)2 + 3.cos – 3 = 0
ev, 2sin2 + 3cos – 3 = 0
30 ev, 2(1 – cos2) + 3cos – 3 = 0
B C
3 ev, 2 – 2cos2 + 3cos – 3 = 0
BC = 3 ˆm.wg., B = ‰K mgGKvY, ACB = 30. ev, –2cos2 + 3cos – 1 = 0
K. AB I AC evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 ev, 2cos2 – 3cos + 1 = 0
1 1
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, +
2  sin2A 2 + tan2A
= 1. 4 ev, 2cos2 – 2cos – cos + 1 = 0
M. DóxcK AbymvGi  ˆKvGYi mvGcGÞ hw` ev, 2cos (cos – 1) – 1(cos – 1) = 0
BC 2 AB ev, (cos – 1) (2cos – 1) = 0
2. ( )
AC
+ 3.
AC
3=0 nq, ZGe ˆ`LvI ˆh,  = 60| 4
 cos – 1 = 0 Aêv, 2cos – 1 = 0
K
 A ev, cos = 1 ev, 2cos = 1

1
ev, cos = cos0 ev, cos = 2
30   = 0 ev, cos = cos60   = 60

B C
3 ˆm.wg.   = 60 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ˆÌqv AvGQ, BC = 3 ˆm.wg., B = ‰K mgGKvY I ACB = 30 cÉk²  86 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
BC
cos ACB =
AC
‰es tan – sin = n.
tan + sin = m
3 K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, m + n = 2 sec.sin. 2

ev, cos30 = AC L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, m2 – n2 = 4 mn. 4
3 3 m 2+ 3
ev, 2 = AC M. n = nGj,  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki, ˆhLvGb 0 <  < 90. 4
2– 3
1 1
ev, 2 = AC 86 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 AC = 2 ˆm.wg. (Ans.) K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

AB tan + sin = m......... (i) ‰es tan  sin = n ........ (ii)
Avevi, sinACB = AC
(i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
AB
ev, sin30 = 2 tan + sin + tan  sin = m + n
ev, 2tan = m + n
1 AB
ev, 2 = 2 ev, m + n = 2tan
 AB = 1ˆm.wg. (Ans.) ev, m + n = 2.cos
sin
L ‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK cvB,

1
sinA =
BC
.......... (i)
ev, m + n = 2.cos.sin
AC
3  m + n = 2sec.sin (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
 sinA = [ BC = 3 I AC = 2]
2 L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 9.1 ‰i D`vniY 11 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-183

M ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 M ABC-‰ AB = 3, BC = 1

m 2+ 3 BC
= tanA =
n 2 3 AB
1
tan + sin 2 + 3  tan (x − y) = [ A = x – y]
ev, tan  sin = [cÉ`î] 3
2 3
tan + sin + tan  sin 2 + 3 + 2  3
ev, tan (x − y) = tan 30
ev, tan + sin  tan + sin = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]  x − y = 30 ......... (i)
2+ 32+ 3
AB
2 tan 4 Avevi, tanC = BC
ev, 2 sin =
2 3 3
tan 2 ev, tan (x + y) = 1 [ C = x + y]
ev, sin =
3
ev, tan (x + y) = tan 60
sin 1 2
ev, cos . sin =  x + y = 60 ......... (ii)
3
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆhvM KGi cvB,
1 2
ev, cos = 2x = 90  x = 45
3
x ‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
3
ev, cos = 2 45 + y = 60  y = 15
 x = 45 I y = 15 (Ans.)
ev, cos = cos 30
  = 30 (Ans.)
cÉk²  87 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR C mgGKvY, tan B = 3.
ABC-‰ B = 90, A = x  y, C = x + y, AB = 3, BC = 1.
K. AB ‰i gvb KZ? 2
cotA + tan B
K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, cot B + tan A = cotA.tanB. 4
cosec2A  sec2A
L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cos2A  sin2A ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 M. B = p + q ‰es A = p  q nGj, p I q ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. x I y ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4
87 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K
 A
K
 A
3
xy
x+y
B C C B
1 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGR C = ‰K mgGKvY
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC ‰ B = 90, AB = 3, BC = 1 wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å Abyhvqx,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB,
 AB = AC2 + BC2 (Ans.)
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = ( 3)2 + 12 = 3 + 1 = 4
 AC = 2 L ˆÌqv AvGQ, tanB = 3

ˆhGnZz Š`NÆÅ FbvñK nGZ cvGi bv| ev, tanB = tan60  B = 60
 AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ 2 ‰KK (Ans.) ˆhGnZy C = 90  A = 30
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC -‰ AB = 3, BC = 1
 cotA + tanB cot30 + tan60 3+ 3 2 3
evgcÞ = cotB + tanA = cot60 + tan30 = 1 = =3
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, AC = 2 +
1 2
BC 3 3 3
 sinA =
AC WvbcÞ = cotA . tanB = cot30.tan60
1 1
sinA =
2
ev, sinA = 2 = 3 . 3 = 3 = evgcÞ
cotA + tanB
 cosecA = 2  = cotA.tanB (cÉgvwYZ)
AB cotB + tanA
Avevi, cosA = AC
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, B = p + q ............. (i)

3 1 2 A = p  q ............. (ii)
 cosA =
2
ev, cosA =
3 (i) bs ‰es (ii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB,
2 B + A = p + q + p – q
 secA =
3 ev, 60 + 30 = 2p
2 2
cÉ`î ivwk =
cosec2A − sec2A
=
( )
22 –
3
ev, 2p = 90
ev, p = 45
cos2A − sin2A
( ) ()3 1
2 2
– (i) bs ˆ^GK (ii) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
2 2
B  A = p + q  p + q
4 12 – 4 8
4–
3 3 3 8 4 16 ev, 60  30 = 2q
= = = =  = (Ans.)
3 1 3–1 2 3 2 3 ev, 30 = 2q
–
4 4 4 4  p = 45 ‰es q = 15 (Ans.)
cÉk²  89 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 90 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆKvGbv mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR 1 + p ‰es  ˆKvGYi mw®²wnZ evü  K B = 60
2p| ‰Lb cosec2B + cot2B
K. Z^ÅàGjv RÅvwgwZK wPGò DcÕ©vcb KGi Aci evüi Š`NÆÅ = (cosec60)2 + (cot60)2
wbYÆq Ki| 2 2 2 1 2
L. sec  + tan  ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|
2 2
2
4
=
3
+
3 ( ) ( )
1 + cosec  1 4 1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 1  cosec2 =  p 4 = +
3 3
= (Ans.)
3
K awi, ABC mgGKvYx
 A
wòfzGRi AwZfzR L ˆÌqv AvGQ,

AC = 1 + P , cosA + sinA 3+1
=
 ˆKvGYi mw®²wnZ cosA  sinA 31
evü BC = 2P . 1+P cosA + sinA  cosA + sinA 3+1 3+1
ev, =
‰Lb, wc^vGMvivGmi cosA + sinA + cosA  sinA 3+1+ 31
Dccv`Å AbymvGi cvB, [weGqvRbˆhvRb KGi]
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 
2sinA 2
2 2
B C ev, =
ev, ( 1 + P) = AB2 + ( 2P) 2P 2cosA 2 3
ev, 1 + P = AB2 + 2P ev,
sinA
=
1
ev, AB2 = 1 + P  2P cosA 3
ev, AB2 = 1  P ev, tanA = tan30
 AB = 1  P (Ans.)  A = 30 (Ans.)
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

 M 4sin   (2 + 2 3 )sin + 3 = 0
 2
ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AC = 1 + P , BC = 2P ev, 4sin2  2sin  2 3 sin + 3 = 0

‰es AB = 1  P ‰es  = ACB ev, 2sin(2sin  1)  3 (2sin  1) = 0
AC 1+P ev, (2sin  1) (2sin  3 ) = 0
‰Lb, sec = BC = nq, 2sin  1 = 0 Aêv, 2sin  3 = 0
2P
AB 1P ev, 2sin = 1 ev, 2sin = 3
tan = =
BC 2P 1 3
2 2
ev, sin = 2 ev, sin = 2
1 + P  1  P
 sec2 + tan2 =  ev, sin = sin30 ev, sin = sin60
 2P  +  2P 
1+P 1P 1+P+1P 2 ev,  = 30
= + = =
2P 2P 2P 2P   = A [‘L’ nGZ] ev,  = 2  30
1   = 2A [‘L’ nGZ]
= (Ans.)
P
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AC = 1 + P , BC = 2P

AB = 1  P ‰es  = ACB cÉk²  91 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
AC 1+P
 cosec = = L
AB 1P
2
1 + P
1+ 1+P
1+ 13 ‰KK
1 + cosec  2
 1  P 1P 12 ‰KK
evgcÞ =
1  cosec2
= 2 =
1+P
1 + P
1 1
1P 
 1  P M N
1P+1+P
1P
K. cot ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
2 (1  P) 1
= =
1  P  1  P (1  P)

2P
=
P L. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK cÉgvY Ki ˆh, tan2  sin2 = tan2. sin2 4
1P M. RÅvwgwZK c«¬wZGZ cÉgvY Ki ˆh, sin2 + cos2 = 1 4
= WvbcÞ 91 bs cÉ
G k² i mgvavb
1 + cosec2 1 K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

 =
1  cosec2 P
(cÉgvwYZ) L
LM = 12 ‰KK
LN = 13 ‰KK
cÉk²  90 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7  MN = LN2  LM2 ‰KK
12 ‰KK 13 ‰KK
cosA + sinA 3+1 = 132  122 ‰KK
= , B = 60.
cosA  sinA 31 = 169  144 ‰KK
K. cosec2B + cot2B ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 = 25 ‰KK
L. A ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 5 ‰KK

M. 4sin2  (2 + 2 3) sin + 3 = 0 mgxKiYwU mgvavb KGi MN 5 M
N
 cot = = (Ans.)
ˆ`LvI ˆh,  = 2A Aêv  = A| 4 LM 12
L DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi cvB,
 92 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
LM = 12 ‰KK, LN = 13 ‰KK K ˆÌqv AvGQ, p = 1 + sinA ‰es q = 1  sinA

‘K’ nGZ cvB, MN = 5 ‰KK  pq = (1 + sinA) (1  sinA) = 1  sin2A = cos2A (Ans.)
LM 12 p 1 + sinA
 tan = =
MN 5 L evgcÞ =
 q
=
1  sinA
LM 12 (1 + sinA) (1 + sinA)
sin = = = [je I niGK (1 + sinA) «¼viv àY KGi]
LN 13 (1 + sinA) (1  sinA)
 evgcÞ = tan2  sin2 (1 + sinA)2 (1 + sinA)2
= =
1  sin2A cos2A
(125)  (1213)
2 2
=
1 + sinA
=
144 144 cosA
=  1 sinA
25 169
= +
24336  3600 cosA cosA
= = secA + tanA
4225
20736 = WvbcÞ
=
4225 p
 = secA + tanA (cÉgvwYZ)
12 2 12 2 q
WvbcÞ = tan2.sin2 = ( )( )
5
.
13
M evgcÞ = (secA  tanA)2

144 144 1 sinA 2
= .
25 169
20736
=(cosA 
cosA)
2
= 1  sinA
=(
cosA )
4225
(cÉgvwYZ)
 tan2  sin2 = tan2.sin2
(1  sinA)2
=
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 9.1 ‰i AbyGœQ` 9.5(i) `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-179
 cos2A
(1  sinA)2
cÉk²  92 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 =
1  sin2A
p = 1 + sinA ‰es q = 1  sinA nGj  (1  sinA) (1  sinA)
=
(1 + sinA) (1  sinA)
K. pq ‰i gvb KZ? 2
1  sinA q
p = =
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, q
= secA + tanA. 4 1 + sinA p
= WvbcÞ
q
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (secA  tanA)2 = .
p
4  (secA  tanA)2 =
q
(cÉgvwYZ)
p
AaÅvq-10: `ƒiZ½ I DœPZv

cÉk²  21 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7 gGb Kwi, R we±`yGZ wegvbwUi AeÕ©vb ‰es P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi gaÅeZÆx
‰KwU MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki `ƒiZ½ 1200 wgUvi| R ˆ^GK P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi AebwZ ˆKvY h^vKÌGg 60
mvG^ 30 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 20 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi| ‰es 30|
K. DóxcGKi Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK I eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 myZivs, ARP = 60 ‰es BRQ = 30
L. MvQwU KZ wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj Zv êi Ki| 4 RS || PQ nGj RSP = RSQ = 1 mgGKvY
M. mÁ·ƒYÆ MvQwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 AB || PQ ‰es PR ZvGì ˆQ`K|
21 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A  RPS = ‰Kv¯¦i ARP = 60 (Ans.)
K gGb Kwi, MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ AB = h
 Avevi, QRS = 90  QRB
wgUvi, MvQwU BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq = 90  30
C = 60 (Ans.)
ˆfGã wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv Ask
`ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ BCD = 30
30
L gGb Kwi, PS = x wgUvi, DœPZv RS = h wgUvi|
hx
Drc®² KGi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BD = 20 wgUvi x  ‰LvGb, PQ = 1200 wgUvi
`ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|  QS = PQ  PS = (1200  x) wgUvi
D B
L ‰LvGb, BCD = 30 ‰es BD = 20 wgUvi 20 wg. ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, RPS = 60 ‰es RQS = 30
‰Lb, BCD ˆ^GK cvB, ‰Lb, mgGKvYx RPS - ‰
BD RS
tanBCD = tan RPS =
BC PS
h
ev, tan 30 = x
20 ev, tan60 =
x
h
ev,
1 20
= ev, 3 =
x
3 x
ev, x = 20 3 ev, h = 3 x .................(i)
ev, x = 34.64 (cÉvq) Avevi, mgGKvYx RQS ‰
RS
 MvQwU 34.64 wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj| (Ans.) tan RQS =
QS
M ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB – BC = (h – 34.64) wgUvi
 ev, tan 30 = 1200  x
h
‰Lb, BCD ‰i gGaÅ
1 h
sinBCD =
BD ev, =
CD 3 1200  x
20 ev, 3 h = 1200  x
ev, sin 30 =
h – 34.64 ev, 3  3 x = 1200  x [mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK]
1 20
ev, =
2 h – 34.64
ev, 3x = 1200  x
ev, h – 34.64 = 40 ev, 3x + x = 1200
ev, h = 40 + 34.64 ev, 4x = 1200
1200
 h = 74.64 ev, x = 4
 MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ 74.64 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 x = 300 wgUvi
(i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
h = 3  300 = 519.62 wgUvi (cÉvq)
PIQ `yBwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGbi gaÅeZxÆ `ƒiZ½ 1200 wgUvi| R we±`yGZ AewÕ©Z
‰KwU wegvb nGZ P I Q we±`y«¼Gqi AebwZ ˆKvY h^vKÌGg 60 ‰es 30.  wegvbwU f„wg nGZ 519.62 wgUvi (cÉvq) DcGi iGqGQ| (Ans.)
K. RS  PQ nGj RPS I QRS ‰i gaÅKvi mÁ·KÆ wjL| 2 M ‰Lb, RPS- ‰ RPS = 60 ‰es

L. wegvbwU f„wg nGZ KZ DcGi iGqGQ Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 RS = h = 300 3 [‘L’ nGZ]
M. PR ‰es QR ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 mgGKvYx RPS-‰
22 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb RS
sinRPS =
PR
K
 R 300 3
A ev, sin 60 = PR
30 B
60
3 300 3
ev, 2 = PR
h 300 3  2
ev, PR =
60 3
30
P
x
Q  PR = 600 wgUvi (Ans.)
S (1200 x)
‰es RQS-‰ RQS = 30 M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ AB = 38.78 wgUvi (cÉvq)

mgGKvYx RQS-‰ ‰Lb, awi, LyuwUwUi x wgUvi DœPZvq E we±`yGZ fvOv Ask `´£vqgvb
RS AsGki mvG^ BEF = 60 KGi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BF wgUvi `ƒGi f„wgGK
sin RQS =
QR Õ·kÆ KGiGQ| A
ev, sin30 = QR
300 3 ‰Lb, BEF-‰
BF
sin BEF =
1 300 3 EF
ev, 2
=
QR BE E
ev, sin 60 = 38.78 − x 38.78 − x
ev, QR = 300 3  2 60
x
3 BF
 QR = 600 3 ev, =
2 38.78 − x
B
= 1039.23 wgUvi (cÉvq) 3 (38.78 − x) F
PR = 600 wgUvi ‰es QR = 1039.23 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) ev, BF = 2
........ (i)
Avevi, BEF-‰
cÉk²  23 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8 tan BEF =
BF
BE
‰KwU LyuwU SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki BF
mvG^ 30 ˆKvY KGi LuywUwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 6 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ ev, tan 60 = x
Kij| BF
ev, 3 = x
K. mswÞµ¦ eYÆbvmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
ev, 3x = BF
L. LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4 3 (38.78 − x)
M. LyuwUwUi fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY Drc®² ev, 3x = 2
[(i) bs ˆ^GK]
KiGj LyuwUwUi kxlÆ ˆMvov ˆ^GK KZ `ƒGi f„wgGK Õ·kÆ KiGe ev, 2x = 38.78 − x ev, 2x + x = 38.78
wbYÆq KGiv| 4 38.78
ev, 3x = 38.78 ev, x = 3
23 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A  x = 12.9267
K gGb Kwi, LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ
 mgxKiY (i) ˆ^GK cvB,
Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi, BC = 3 (38.78 − 12.9267) 3  25.8533
BF = = = 22.3896
x wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGã 2 2
C  LyuwUwUi kxlÆ ˆMvov ˆ^GK 22.39 wgUvi (cÉvq) `ƒGi f„wgGK Õ·kÆ
wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv
KiGe| (Ans.)
Ask `´£vqgvb AsGki mvG^
30 h wgUvi
BCD = 30 ˆKvY Drc®² cÉk²  24 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7
KGi LyuwUwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK (hx) wgUvi
x wgUvi ‰KwU MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆhb fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki
BD = 6 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU mvG^ 60 ˆKvY Drc®² KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 15 3 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ
Õ·kÆ KGiGQ| KGiGQ|
L ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB  BC
 K. DcGivÚ eYÆbvwU wPGòi gvaÅGg ˆ`LvI| 2
D 6 3 wgUvi B L. mÁ·ƒ Y Æ MvGQi Š`NÆ Å wbYÆ q Ki| 4
= (h  x) wgUvi|
M. fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^ 30 ˆKvY Drc®² KiGj,
BCD ˆ^GK cvB,
BD
fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ KZ? 4
tan BCD =
BC 24 bs cÉ G k² i mgvavb
6 3 K

ev, tan 30 = x A
1 6 3 1
ev, =
x
[ tan 30 = ]
3 3
 x = 18 h wg.
C
BD
Avevi, sin BCD =
CD (h  x) wg. 60
6 3 x wg.
ev, sin 30 = h  x
D
1 6 3 1 B
ev, 2 = h  x [ sin 30 = 2] 15 3 wgUvi
ev, h  x = 12 3 L gGb Kwi, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi| BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq


ev, h = 12 3 + x ˆfGã wMGq wewœQ®² bv nGq fvãv Ask `ívqgvb AsGki mvG^
ev, h = 12 3 + 18 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq|] BCD = 60 Drc®² KGi MvQwUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK BD = 15 3 wgUvi
 h = 38.78 (cÉvq) `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|
 LyuwUwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ 38.78 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) ‰LvGb, CD = AC = AB – BC = (h – x) wgUvi
BCD ˆ^GK cvB, tanBCD = BC

BD awi, AB Š`NÆÅ wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU `vjvGbi cv`G`k ˆ^GK 60 wgUvi `ƒGi
f„ZjÕ© C we±`yGZ QvGì D®²wZ ˆKvY ACB = 60| H we±`y A^Ævr,
15 3 C we±`y nGZ x wgUvi ˆcQGbi w`GK ˆMGj D we±`yGZ QvGì D®²wZ
ev, tan60 = x
ˆKvY ADB = 45 nq|
15 3
ev, 3 = x BC = 60 wgUvi ‰es CD = x wgUvi|
ev, 3x = 15 3 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi


15 3 ‰es ACB = 60
ev, x =  x = 15 wgUvi AB
3 ABC ‰, tanACB = BC
BD
Avevi, sinBCD = CD ev, tan60 = 60
AB
15 3
ev, sin60 = h – x ev, 3 = 60
AB
3 15 3
ev, 2 = h – x ev, AB = 60 3 = 103.92 wgUvi (cÉvq)
 `vjvGbi DœPZv 103.92 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
ev, h – x = 30
ev, h = 30 + x M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi

CD = x wgUvi
ev, h = 30 + 15 [x ‰i gvb ewmGq]
ADB = 45 ‰es ACB = 60
 h = 45 wgUvi
‰es ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, AB = 60 3
 mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ 45 wgUvi| (Ans.) ‰Lb, ABD-‰,
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = 45 wgUvi
 tan ADB =
AB
BD
wPGò, BCD = 30, fvãv Ask AC = CD. AB
ev, tan 45 = BC + CD [‘K’ ‰i wPò ˆ^GK]
`´£vqgvb Ask BC = x wgUvi nGj,
A 60 3
fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ AC = CD = (45 – x) wgUvi ev, 1 = 60 + x
BC
BCD-‰ cosBCD = ev, 60 + x = 60 3
CD
ev, x = 60 3  60
x
ev, cos30 = 45 – x  x = 43.92 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
2q Ask:
3 x
ev, 2 = 45 – x C ‰Lb ABD-‰
AB
ev, 2x = 45 3 – 3x sin ADB =
AD
30
ev, 2x + 3x = 45 3 ev, sin 45 =
60 3
AD
ev, (2 + 3)x = 45 3 1 60 3
45 3 ev, =
ev, x = 2 AD
2+ 3 D B  AD = 60 3  2 = 146.97 wgUvi (cÉvq)
wgUvi (cÉvq)
 x = 20.8846  ˆcQGbi we±`y nGZ `vjvGbi kxlÆwe±`yi `ƒiZ½ 146.97 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 fvãv AsGki Š`NÆÅ = (45 – 20.8846) wgUvi
= 24.1154 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) cÉk²  26 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
‰KwU UvIqvGii cv`we±`y ˆ^GK wKQy `ƒGi f„ZjÕ© ‰KwU we±`yGZ UvIqvGii
cÉk²  25 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 7 kxGlÆi D®²wZ ˆKvY 30| H we±`y ˆ^GK UvIqvGii w`GK 20 wgUvi ‰wMGq
‰KwU `vjvGbi cv`G`k ˆ^GK 60 wgUvi `ƒGii f„ZjÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`yGZ AvmGj UvIqvGii D®²wZ ˆKvY 60 nq|
QvGì D®²wZ ˆKvY 60| H we±`y nGZ x wgUvi ˆcQGbi w`GK ˆMGj QvGì K. Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
D®²wZ ˆKvY 45 nq| L. UvIqvGii DœPZv wbYÆ q Ki| 4
M. UvIqvGii kxlÆwe±`y I f„ZjÕ© cÉ^g we±`ywUi `ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. DcGii ZG^Åi ˆcÉwÞGZ mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
L. `vjvGbi DœPZv wbYÆq Ki| 4 26 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
M. x ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki ‰es ˆcQGbi we±`y nGZ `vjvGbi kxlÆwe±`yi K wPGò, AB ‰KwU UvIqvi hvi kxlÆwe±`y A, cv`we±`y B f„ZjÕ© ‰KwU

`ƒiZ½ wbYÆq Ki| 4 we±`y C ˆZ UvIqviwUi kxGlÆi D®²wZ ˆKvY 30 ‰es UvIqvGii w`GK
25 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 20 wgUvi ‰wMGq AvmGj D we±`yGZ D®²wZ ˆKvY nq 60.
A
K
 A
h wg.
60 45 60

B D 30
B
60 wg. C x wg. C 20 wg. D
L ‰LvGb, ACB = 30, ADB = 60, CD = 20 wgUvi
 27 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb A
 BC = BD + CD = BD + 20 wg. K awi, AB LuywUi DœPZv|

C we±`yGZ LuywUwU ˆfGã wMGq
awi, UvIqviwUi DœPZv AB = h wgUvi
B ˆ^GK 24 wg. `ƒiGZ½ D we±`yGZ C
‰Lb, ABD mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB,
gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi|
AB
tanADB =
BD myZivs BD = 24 wgUvi| 60
h fvãv Ask CD, BD ‰i mvG^
ev, tan60 =
BD C we±`yGZ 60 ˆKvY ŠZix KGi|
h A^Ævr BCD = 60
ev, 3=
BD
L ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ,

 h = BD. 3 ............... (i)
CBD mgGKvYx wòfzGR, D B
h BD 24 wg.
BD = ........................... (ii) tanBCD =
3 BC
Avevi, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB, 24
ev, tan60 = BC
AB
tanACB = 24 24 24 3
BC ev, BC = tan60 = = =8 3
3 3
h
ev, tan30 =
BD + 20 = 13.86 wgUvi (cÉvq)
1 h myZivs gvwU ˆ^GK 13.86 wgUvi DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj| (Ans.)
ev, =
3 BD + 20
M ‘K’ ‰i wPò nGZ, CBD mgGKvYx wòfzGR

ev, BD + 20 = h 3 [Avo àY KGi] BD
sinBCD =
h h CD
ev,
3
+ 20 = h 3
[ ‹ BD =
3 ] BD
ev, sin60 = CD
h + 20 3 3 BD
ev, =h 3 ev, 2 = CD
3
ev, h + 20 3 = 3h [cybivq AvoàY KGi] 2BD
ev, CD =
3
ev, 2h = 20 3 2  24
20 3 ev, CD =
ev, h = 2 3
48 3
ev, h = 10 3 ev, CD = 3 = 16 3
 h = 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq) = 27.71 wgUvi (cÉvq)
 UvIqviwUi DœPZv 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)  mÁ·ƒYÆ LuywUi DœPZv = (BC + CA)
= (BC + CD)
M ‰LvGb, UvIqviwUi kxlÆwe±`y A I f„ZjÕ© cÉ^g we±`y C ‰i gaÅKvi
 = (13.86 + 27.71) wgUvi
`ƒiZ½ AC. = 41.57 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‘L’ nGZ cvB, UvIqvGii DœPZv AB = h = 17.32 wgUvi (cÉvq)
‰Lb, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB, cÉk²  28 ewikvj êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7
AB ‰KwU my c vwi MvQ SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGO ˆMj ˆhb fvOv Ask `ívqgvb
sinACB = AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 24 wgUvi `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ
AC
h KGi| 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰KwU gB f„wgi mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi `ívqgvb
ev, sin30 = AC
AsGki mvG^ ˆVm ˆÌqv nGjv|
1 17.32
ev, 2 = AC [‹ h = 17.32] K. Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
L. mycvwi MvQwUi mÁ·ƒYÆ Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, AC = 17.32  2 M. gB mycvwi MvGQi `ívqgvb AsGki ˆh we±`yGZ ˆVm ˆÌqv
 AC = 34.64 AvGQ Zvi DcGii `ívqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
 `ƒiZ½, AC = 34.64 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) 28 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K gGb Kwi,
 A
cÉk²  27 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 7 wPGò, AB ‰KwU mycvwi MvQ hv SGo
‰KwU Še`yÅwZK LuywU SGo ‰gbfvGe ˆfGã ˆMj ˆh, fvãv Ask `ívqgvb D we±`yGZ ˆfGã wMGq `´£vqgvb D
AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi LywUi ˆMvov ˆ^GK 24 wg. `ƒGi gvwU Õ·kÆ AsGki mvG^ 60 ˆKvY KGi MvGQi F
ˆMvov B nGZ 24 wg. `ƒGi C we±`yGZ
KGi| 60 8 wg.
gvwU Õ·kÆ KGi| 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v ‰KwU
K. DóxcGKi Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK I eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 gB f„wgi E we±`yGZ 60 ˆKvY KGi
L. LuywUwU KZ DœPZvq ˆfGãwQj Zv êi Ki| 4 MvGQi `´£vqgvb AsGki mvG^ F
C
M. mÁ·ƒYÆ LuywUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 we±`yGZ ˆVm ˆÌqv nGjv| 24 wg. B E
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, wPòvbymvGi,
  mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = (BD + CD) wgUvi
BC = 24 wgUvi I BDC = 60 ‰es AD = CD = (8 3 + 16 3 ) wgUvi
mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = (AD + BD) wgUvi = 24 3 wgUvi
= (CD + BD) [ AD = CD]
= 41.569 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‰Lb, BCD nGZ cvB,
BC M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

tanBDC =
BD mycvwi MvQwUi `´£vqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ BD = 8 3 wgUvi
24
ev, tan60 = BD Avevi, BEF = 60 ‰es EF = 8 wgUvi
24 8 wgUvi jÁ¼v gBwU `´£vqgvb AsGki F we±`yGZ ˆVm w`Gq jvMvGbv AvGQ|
ev, 3=
BD
 ˆVm ˆÌqv we±`yi DcGii `´£vqgvb AsGki Š`NÆÅ A
24
ev, BD = FD = (BD  BF) wgUvi
3
8 3. 3 ‰Lb, BEF nGZ cvB, D
ev, BD = BF
3 sinBEF = F
EF
 BD = 8 3
BF 60
BC ev, sin60 = 8 wg.
Avevi, sinBDC = CD 8
24 3 BF
ev, sin60 = CD ev, 2
=
8 60
C E
ev,
3 24 8 3 24 wg. B
=
2 CD ev, BF = 2
48 wgUvi
ev, CD =  BF = 4 3
3
 FD = (BD  BF) wgUvi = (8 3  4 3 ) wgUvi
16 3 . 3
ev, CD = = 4 3 wgUvi
3
 CD = 16 3 = 6.928 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
AaÅvq-11: exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ

cÉk²  21 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2 cÉk²  22 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 2
2p
a, b, c, d KÌwgK mgvbycvZx ‰es p − x + 1 = 0
2
10x ‰es a + b `yBwU exRMvwYwZK ivwk|
–1 –1 –1
K. log3 2324 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 K. hw` ivwk«¼q ciÕ·i mgvb nq ZvnGj x ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2
x + 5a x + 5b
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 4 L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, +
x – 5a x – 5b
= 2. 4
1+x+ 1−x M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, 2q ivwkwU 2x ‰i mgvb nGe,
–1
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, p = 4 x+a x+b
1+x− 1−x hLb x – a + x – b = 2. 4
K log
 324 = log (3 2)4
K kZÆgGZ,

3 2 3 2
= 4 log 3 2 10x1 = a1 + b–1

3 2 1 1 1 10 b + a 1 a+b
= 4.1 [ logaa = 1] ev, 10. = +
x a b
ev, x = ab ev, x = 10ab
= 4 (Ans.) 10ab
\ x= (Ans.)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a, b, c, d KÌwgK mgvbycvZx
 a+b
10ab
a b c L
 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, x = a + b
  
b c d x 2b
ev, 5a = a + b
a b c
awi,   =k x + 5a 2b + a + b
b c d ev, x  5a = 2b  a  b [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb]
 c = dk
x + 5a a + 3b
b = ck = dk.k = dk2 ev, x  5a = b  a ............ (i)
a = bk = dk2.k = dk3
10ab
evgcÞ = (a2 + b2 + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) Avevi, x = a + b
= {(dk3)2 + (dk2)2 + (dk)2} {(dk2)2 + (dk)2 + d2} x 2a
ev, 5b = a + b
= {d2 k6 + d2 k4 + d2 k2}{d2 k4 + d2k2 + d2}
x + 5b 2a + a + b
= d2k2(k4 + k2 + 1) × d2 (k4 + k2 + 1) ev, x  5b = 2a  a  b [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb]
= d4k2(k4 + k2 + 1)2 x + 5b 3a + b
ev, x  5b = a  b ................. (ii)
WvbcÞ = (ab + bc + cd)2
(i)bs I (ii)bs ˆhvM Kwi,
= (dk3 × dk2 + dk2 × dk + dk × d)2
x + 5a x + 5b a + 3b 3a + b
2 5 2 3
= (d k + d k + d k) 2 2 + = +
x  5a x  5b b  a ab
= {d2k(k4 + k2 + 1)}2 a + 3b 3a + b
= 
= d4k2(k4 + k2 + 1)2 ba ba
a + 3b  3a  b
 (a + b + c2) (b2 + c2 + d2) = (ab + bc + cd)2 (cÉgvwYZ)
2 2
=
ba
2p
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, p2 – x + 1 = 0
 2b  2a 2(b  a)
= = =2
ba ba
2p
ev, p2 + 1 = x x + 5a x + 5b
 + = 2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
x  5a x  5b
p2 + 1 1
ev, 2p = x M kZÆgGZ,

p2 + 1 + 2p 1+ x a1 + b1 = 2x1
ev, p2 + 1 – 2p = 1 – x [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] 1 1 1
ev, + = 2.
a b x
2
(p + 1) 1 + x
ev, (p – 1)2 = 1 – x b+a 2
ev, ab
=
x
p+1 1+x
ev, p–1
= [eMÆgƒj KGi] ev,
a+b 2
=
1–x ab x
p + 1 + p –1 1+x+ 1–x 2ab
ev, p + 1 – p + 1 = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] \ x=
a+b
................ (i)
1+x– 1–x
2p 1+x+ 1–x (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
ev, 2 = x 2b
1+x– 1–x =
a a+b
1+x+ 1–x x + a 2b + a + b
p= (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) ev, = [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1+x– 1–x x  a 2b  a  b
x + a a + 3b
\ = ................ (ii) ac  c 2 (b 2 ) 2 a 2  ac 2
xa ba =   [b = ac ewmGq]
a b c
Avevi (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
x 2a b4
= = c3 + + a3
b a+b b
x + b 2a + a + b = c 3 + b 3 + a3
ev, =
x  b 2a  a  b
[ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] = a 3 + b 3 + c3
x + b 3a + b
\ = ................(iii)  1 1 1 
xb ab  a2b2c2     = a3 + b3 + c3 (cËgvwYZ)
3 b 3 c3 
(ii) bs I (iii) bs ˆhvM KGi cvB, a 
x + a x + b a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b
+ = + = +
3a + b M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

x  a xb ba ab ba (b  a) a b
a + 3b 3a + b a + 3b  3a  b a t b = b t c A^Ævr, 
=  = b c
ba ba ba
a b
2b  2a 2(b  a) gGb Kwi,  k
= = =2 b c
ba ba
x+a x+b  b = ck
\ + = 2 (cÉgvwYZ) a = bk = ck.k = ck2
xa xb
cÉ^g ivwk = a – 2b + c
cÉk²  23 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3 = ck2 – 2ck + c
= c(k2 – 2k + 1)
atb=btc nGj, = c{(k)2 – 2 × k × 1 + (1)2}
a a2 + b 2 = c(k – 1)2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, c = b2 + c2 . 2
(a  b ) 2 (ck 2  ck ) 2
1 1 1
w«¼Zxq ivwk = =
ck 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, a2b2c2 ( + +
a3 b 3 c3 )=a +b +c.
3 3 3
4 a
2
(a  b) (b  c) 2 ck (k  1)2
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, a  2b + c = = . 4 =
a c ck 2
23 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb c 2k 2 (k  1) 2
=
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, a t b = b t c
 ck 2
a b = c(k – 1)2
ev, 
b c
( b  c) 2
Z‡Zxq ivwk =
a2 b2 c
ev,  [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi]
b2 c2 (ck  c) 2
2 2 2 2 =
a b b c c
ev,  [ ˆhvRb KGi ]
b2 c2 {c(k  1)}2
=
a 2  b2 b2 c
ev,  [‰Kv¯¦iKiY KGi]
2
b c 2
c2 c 2 (k  1) 2
=
c
a 2  b2 ac a b
ev,  [  ;  ac  b 2 ] = c(k – 1)2
b2  c2 c2 b c
(a  b ) 2 ( b  c) 2
a 2  b2  a – 2b + c = = (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
ev, 
a
a c
b2  c2 c
a a 2  b2
  (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx 
c b2  c2
(p + q) = pr.
2
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, a t b = b t c
 K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, q + r 2
a b 1 1 1
ev, b = c L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, p q r (p + q + r ) = p + q + r .
2 2 2
3 3 3
3 3 3
4
2 2 2 2
 b = ac p +q (p + q)
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, q2 + r2 = (q + r)2 mÁ·KÆwU DóxcGKi kZÆGK mg^Æb
 1 1 1 
‰Lb, 2 2 2
a b c    
3 b 3 c3  KGi| 4
a 
a 2 b 2c 2 a 2 b 2c 2 a 2 b 2c 2
=   K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

a3 b3 c3
p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx|
b 2c 2 a 2 c 2 a 2 b 2
=   p:q=q:r
a b c p q
ev, q = r
b 2c 2 ac 2 a 2b 2
=  
a b c  q2 = pr .........(i)
2 2
(pq ++ qr ) = pq ++2pq +q M ˆÌqv AvGQ,


2
2 2
2qr +r
p2 + q2 (p + q)2
p2 + 2pq + pr =
q2 + r2 (q + r)2
=
pr + 2qr + r2
2
[q = pr ewmGq]
(q + r)2 (p + q)2
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 [‰Kv¯¦iKiY KGi]
p(p + 2q + r)
=
r(p + 2q + r) q2 + 2qr + r2 p2 + 2pq + q2
ev, q 2 + r2
=
p2 + q2
p
= q2 + 2qr + r2 – q2 – r2 p2 + 2pq + q2 – p2 – q2
r
ev, q 2 + r2
=
p2 + q2
[weGqvRb KGi]
p+q 2 p
( )q+r
=
r
(ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) 2qr 2pq
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 pqr pqr pqr
L p q r (p + q + r ) = p + q + r
 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
r p
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 + q2 [DfqcÞGK 2q «¼viv fvM KGi]
=
q2r2 p2r2 p2q2
+ +
ev, p(q2 + r2) = r(p2 + q2)
p q r
ev, pq2 + pr2 = rp2 + rq2
q2r2 (pr)2 p2q2
=
p
+
q
+
r ev, pq2 – rq2 = rp2 – pr2
pr.r2 (q2)2 p2.pr ev, q2(p – r) = pr(p – r)
= + + [ q2 = pr]
p q r ev, q2 = pr [(p  r) «¼viv fvM KGi]
q4 ev, pr = q2
= r3 + + p3
q
p q
= r3 + q3 + p3 ev, q = r
= p3 + q3 + r3 ev, p : q = q : r
1 1 1
pqr2 2 2
( + +
p3 q3 r3 ) = p + q + r (cÉgvwYZ)
3 3 3  p, q, r KÌwgK mgvbycvZx|
 cÉ`î mÁ·KÆwU DóxcGKi kZÆGK mg^Æb KGi| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
AaÅvq-12: `yB PjKwewkÓ¡ mij mnmgxKiY

cÉk²  18 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I
‰KwU mij mgxKiY ˆRvU@ wbGPi QK ŠZwi Kwi:
x 2 –2 6
7x + 2y = 20
y 3 0 6
3x − 4y = − 6
 mgxKiYwUi ˆjGLi Dci wZbwU we±`y h^vKÌGg (2, 3), (–2, 0) I (6, 6).
K. mgxKiY ˆRvGUi mgvavb msLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. AvoàYb c«¬wZGZ ˆRvUwUi mgvavb KGi (x, y) wbYÆq Ki| 4 ‰Lb, QK KvMGRi XOX eivei x-AÞ ‰es YOY eivei y-AÞ ‰es O
M. ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ mgxKiY ˆRvUwUi mgvavb Ki| 4 gƒjwe±`y wbB| QK KvMGRi Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZevüi
18 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Š`NÆÅGK ‰KK aGi, QK KvMGR mgxKiY (i) bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ wZbwU
K cÉ`î mgxKiY ˆRvU: 7x + 2y = 20
 we±`y (2, 3), (0, 10), (4, –4) Õ©vcb Kwi I we±`yàwj ciÕ·i mshyÚ
3x – 4y = – 6 Kwi ‰es Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ Kwi| ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe mijGiLv|
7 ‰KBfvGe, mgxKiY (ii) bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ we±`y wZbwU (2, 3), (–2, 0) I (6, 6)
x ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
3 Õ©vcb Kwi I we±`yàwj ciÕ·i mshyÚ Kwi ‰es Dfq w`GK ewaÆZ Kwi|
2 1
y ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
–4
=–
2
ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv|
7 1 Y
Avgiv cvB, 3  – 2
 mgxKiYGRvUwU mgém I ciÕ·i AwbfÆikxj ‰es ‰KwU gvò (AbbÅ) (0, 10)
mgvavb AvGQ| (6, 6)

L 7x + 2y – 20 = 0 .................. (i)

3x – 4y + 6 = 0 .................. (ii) P(2, 3)
(2, 0)
mgxKiY (i) I (ii) ˆK AvoàYb KGi cvB,
x y 1 X O X
= =
2  6 – (–4) . (–20) 3 . (–20) – 7 . 6 7 . (–4) – 3 . 2 (4, 4)
x y 1
ev, 12 – 80 = –60 – 42 = –28 – 6
x y 1 Y
ev, –68 = –102 = –34
x y 1
ev, 68 = 102 = 34
gGb Kwi, mijGiLv«¼q ciÕ·i P we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ˆjLwPGò ˆ`Lv
x 1 y 1
 = ‰es = hvq P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (2, 3)|
68 34 102 34
68 102  wbGYÆq mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 3)
ev, x = 34 ev, y = 34
 x=2 y=3 cÉk²  19 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
 wbGYÆq mgvavb (x, y) = (2, 3) 3x − 4y = 0
M cÉ`î mgxKiY«¼q : 7x + 2y = 20 .............. (i)
 2x − 3y = −1
3x – 4y = – 6 ............. (ii) K. mgxKiY ˆRvUwU mãwZcƒYÆ I ciÕ·i wbfÆikxj wKbv hvPvB Ki| 2
mgxKiY (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB, L. mgxKiY ˆRvUGK cÉwZÕ©vcb c«¬wZGZ mgvavb Ki| 4
2y = 20 – 7x M. ˆjLwPGòi mvnvGhÅ mgxKiY ˆRvUGK mgvavb KGi ˆ`LvI ˆh,
20 – 7x (x, y) ‰i cÉvµ¦ gvb (L)bs ‰ cÉvµ¦ gvGbi mgvb| 4
y=
mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I K ˆÌqv AvGQ,

wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwi: mgxKiY ˆRvU : 3x – 4y = 0
x 2 0 4 2x – 3y = – 1
y 3 10 –4 3
x ‰i mnM«¼Gqi AbycvZ
2
 mgxKiYwUi ˆjGLi Dci wZbwU we±`y h^vKÌGg (2, 3), (0, 10), (4, –4) 4
y " " "
Avevi, mgxKiY (ii) bs nGZ cvB, 3
3 4
4y = 3x + 6 Avgiv cvB, 2  3
3x + 6
y=
4  mgxKiY ˆRvUwU mãwZcƒYÆ I ciÕ·i AwbfÆikxj|
L ‰LvGb,
 ‰KBfvGe mgxKiY (ii) bs nGZ cÉvµ¦ (–5, –3), (7, 5) I (10, 7)
3x – 4y = 0 ............ (i) we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb KGi ciÕ·i ˆhvM Kwi ‰es Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ Kwi|
2x – 3y = –1 .......... (ii) ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv hv cƒGeÆi mijGiLvGK P we±`yGZ
(i) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB,
ˆQ` KGi| ˆjL ˆ^GK cvB, P we±`yi Õ©vbvâ (4, 3)|
3x – 4y = 0
ev, 3x = 4y  mgvavb t (x, y) = (4, 3)
4y AZ‰e, ‘L’ bs ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ mgvavb (x, y) = (4, 3) ‰es ˆjL ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦
ev, x = 3 ..............(iii)
mgvavb mgvb| (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
4y
(iii) bs nGZ x = , (ii) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
3
4y cÉk²  20 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
2. – 3y = – 1
3
8y – 9y
BdwZi ‰KwU AvqZvKvi dzGji evMvb AvGQ| evMvbwUi cÉGÕ©i w«¼àY,
ev, 3 = –1 Š`NÆÅ AGcÞv 10 wgUvi êwk ‰es ‰i cwimxgv 100 wgUvi| evMvbwUi
–y wfZGi 2 wgUvi PIov ivÕ¦v AvGQ| ivÕ¦vwU BU w`Gq euvavGZ Zvi cÉwZ
ev, 3 = – 1 ev, – y = – 3  y = 3
eMÆwgUvGi 120 UvKv LiP nq|
bs ‰ y = 3 ewmGq
(iii) cvB, K. evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ©GK `yBwU PjK aGi mgxKiY ˆRvU MVb
x=
43
 x=4 Ki| 2
3
L. mgxKiY ˆRvUGK Avo àYb c«¬wZGZ mgvavb KGi evMvGbi
 wbGYÆq mgvavb : (x, y) = (4, 3) Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
M cÉ`î mgxKiY ˆRvU
 M. ivÕ¦vwU euvavGZ BdwZi ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP nq? 4
3x – 4y = 0 .............. (i) 20 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
2x – 3y = –1 ............ (ii) K awi, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi
y wg.
(i) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB, 3x – 4y = 0 evMvGbi cÉÕ© y wgUvi
3x 1g kZÆvbymvGi, 2y = x + 10 ................. (i) x wg.
ev, 4y = 3x  y = 4
2q kZÆvbymvGi, 2(x + y) = 100 .......... (ii) (Ans.)
‰Lb, mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi L ‘K’ ‰i
Kwi I wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwi: (i) bs nGZ, x  2y + 10 = 0 ........... (iii)
x –4 4 8
(ii) bs nGZ, x + y  50 = 0 ............. (iv)
y –3 3 6
(iii) I (iv) bs ‰ AvoàYb c«¬wZ cÉGqvM KGi cvB,
Avevi, (ii) bs mgxKiY ˆ^GK cvB, 2x – 3y = –1 x y 1
= =
2x + 1 (2)(50)  (10)(1) (10)(1)  (1) (–50) (1)(1)  (2)(1)
ev, 3y = 2x + 1  y = 3 x y 1
ev, 100  10 = 10 + 50 = 1+2
mgxKiYwUGZ x ‰i KGqKwU gvb wbGq y ‰i Abyi…c gvb êi Kwi I
x y 1
wbGPi QKwU ŠZwi Kwit ev, 90 = 60 = 3
x –5 7 10 x 1 y 1
y –3 5 7
ev, 90 = 3 Aêv, 60 = 3
 x = 30  y = 20
Y  evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 30 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 20 wgUvi (Ans.)
(8, 6)
M
 2 wgUvi
(10,7)
wgUvi
(7, 5)
wgUvi
P(4, 3)
20
X O(0, 0) X
(5,3
) (4,3
)
30 wgUvi
Y ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = (30  2  2) wgUvi = 26 wgUvi
ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi cÉÕ© = (20  2  2) wgUvi = 16 wgUvi
‰Lb, QK KvMGRi XOX eivei X-AÞ ‰es YOY eivei Y-AÞ ivÕ¦vevG` ÷ay evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (26  16) eMÆwgUvi = 416 eMÆwgUvi
‰es O gƒjwe±`y wbB| QK KvMGRi Dfq AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi ivÕ¦vmn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (30  20) eMÆwgUvi = 600 eMÆwgUvi
cÉwZ 2 evüi Š`NÆÆÅGK ‰KK awi|  ÷ay ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = (600  416) eMÆwgUvi = 184 eMÆwgUvi
QK KvMGR mgxKiY (i) bs nGZ cÉvµ¦ (–4, –3), (4, 3) I (8, 6) cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦v BU w`Gq euvaGZ 120 UvKv LiP nGj ˆgvU LiP
we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb Kwi I cici we±`yàGjv ˆhvM KGi Dfqw`GK ewaÆZ = (184  120) UvKv
Kwi| ZvnGj ˆjLwU nGe ‰KwU mijGiLv| = 22,080 UvKv (Ans.)
AaÅvq-13: mmxg aviv

cÉk²  45 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3 M gGb Kwi, mgv¯¦i avivi 1g c` = a, mvaviY A¯¦i = d, c` msLÅv = n

1 1 n
‰KwU àGYvîi avivi 3q c` ‰es 8g c` 27 ‰es Aci ‰KwU mgv¯¦i Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d}
3
avivi 1g 10 cGì mgwÓ¡ 155 ‰es 1g 20 cGì mgwÓ¡ 610| ˆÌqv AvGQ, 1g 10 cGì mgwÓ¡ = 155
K. 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + .............. avivwUi ˆKvb c` 383? 2 10
ev, 2 {2a + (10 – 1)d} = 155
L. àGYvîi avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. mgv¯¦i avivwUi 30 Zg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4 ev, 5(2a + 9d) = 155
 2a + 9d = 31 ... ... (i)
‰es 1g 20 cGì mgwÓ¡ = 610
K cÉ`î aviv 5 + 8 + 11 + 14 + ... ... ...

20
‰LvGb, ev, 2 {2a + (20 – 1)d} = 610
cÉ^g c`, a = 5 ev, 10 (2a + 19d) = 610
mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 8 – 5 = 3  2a + 19d = 61 ... ... ... ... ... (ii)
awi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 383 (ii) bs ˆ^GK (i) bs weGqvM KGi cvB,
ev, a + (n – 1)d = 383 30
ev, 5 + (n – 1)3 = 383 10d = 30 ev, d = 10  d = 3
ev, (n – 1)3 = 383 – 5 (i)bs ‰ d = 3 ewmGq cvB,
378
ev, n – 1 = 3 2a + 9.3 = 31
ev, 2a + 27 = 31
ev, n = 126 + 1
ev, 2a = 4  a = 2
ev, n = 127
Avgiv Rvwb,
 127 Zg c` 383 (Ans.)
L awi, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` = a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r
 mgv¯¦i avivi n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi nZg c` = arn – 1  30 Zg c` = a + (30 – 1)d = 2 + 29.3 = 89 (Ans.)
ˆÌqv AvGQ,
1 cÉk²  46 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3
3q c` =
3 7 + x + y + 189 ‰KwUàGYvîi aviv|
1
 ar3 – 1 = K. avivwUi PZz^Æ c`GK mgxKiGYi gvaÅGg cÉKvk KGiv ˆhLvGb
3
1
cÉ^g c` a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ r| 2
ev, ar2 = ... ... (i) L. x ‰es y ‰i gvb wbYÆq KGiv| 4
3
‰es 8g c` = 27
1 M. cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY AbycvZGK mvaviY
A¯¦i aGi mgv¯¦i avivwU wbYÆq KGi ‰i cÉ^g 16 wU cGì mgwÓ¡
1
ev, ar8 – 1 = 27 wbYÆq KGiv| 4
ev, ar7 = 27 ... ... (ii)
K ‰LvGb, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` = a ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r

(ii)  (i) bs ˆ^GK cvB,
Avgiv Rvwb,
1 1
r5 =  àGYvîi avivi n Zgc` = arn – 1
27 3
1  ” ” 4^Æ c` = ar4 – 1 = ar3
ev, r5 =  3
( 3)6 myZivs, ar = 189 (Ans.)
3
1 5 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,


ev, r5 = ( ) 3  ar3 = 189
1
r= ev, 7.r3 = 189 [ avivwUi 1g c`, a = 7]
3
189
(i) bs nGZ cvB, ev, r3 = 7
2
1 1 1
ev, r3 = 27
a.
( ) 3
=
3
ev, a =
3
3  a= 3
ev, r3 = 33
 àGYvîi avivwU a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ... ...  r=3
1 1 2 1 3
= 3 + 3.
3
+ 3.
3 ( )
+ 3.
( ) 3
+ ... ...  w«¼Zxq c` = x = ar = 7.3 = 21
‰es Z‡Zxq c` = y = ar2 = 7.32 = 63
1 1
= 3+1+ + + ... ... (Ans.)
3 3 myZivs, x = 21 ‰es y = 63 (Ans.)
M cÉk²vbymvGi,
mgv¯¦i avivi cÉ^g c`, a = 7 ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 3 K cÉ`î aviv: 25 + 23 + 21 + ....

 mgv¯¦i avivwU, a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + .......... avivwUi 1g c` a = 25
= 7 + (7 + 3) + (7 + 2.3) + ............ mvaviY A¯¦i d = 23 – 25 = 21 – 23 = –2
= 7 + 10 + 13 + .............
n  avivwU ‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv|
Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2{2a + (n – 1)d} Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
16
 cÉ^g 16 cGì mgwÓ¡ = {2.7 + (16 – 1).3}  avivwUi mµ¦g c` = a + (7 – 1)d
2
= 25 + 6  (–2)
= 8 (14 + 15.3)
= 25 – 12
= 8 (14 + 45)
= 13 (Ans.)
= 4  59 = 472 (Ans.)
L cÉ`î
aviv: 25 + 23 + 21 + ....
cÉk²  47 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 3 ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,
‰KwU avivi n Zg c` 2n – 1, n  N. 1g c` a = 25
K. avivwU MVb KGiv| 2 mvaviY A¯¦i d = –2
L. avivwUi KZZg c` 169? 4 Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi 1g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
n
M. avivwUi cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK h^vKÌGg cÉ^g c` I Sn = {2a + (n – 1)d}
2
mvaviY AbycvZ aGi ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv MVb KGi bZzb n
= {2  25 + (n – 1) (–2)}
avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq KGiv| 4 2
47 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb n
= (50 – 2n + 2)
2
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU avivi n Zg c` 2n  1 ‰es n  ô

n
A^Ævr n Õ¼vfvweK msLÅv| myZivs, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ......... = (52 – 2n)
2
‰Lb, n
=  2(26 – n)
n = 1 nGj avivwUi 1g c` = 2.1  1 = 2  1 = 1 2
n = 2 nGj avivwUi 2q c` = 2.2  1 = 4  1 = 3 = 26n – n2
n = 3 nGj avivwUi 3q c` = 2.3  1 = 6  1 = 5 kZÆgGZ, 26n – n2 = – 456
.................................................................... ev, 26n – n2 + 456 = 0
\ avivwU nGjv: 1 + 3 + 5 + ............ (Ans.) ev, n2 – 26n – 456 = 0 [DfqcÞGK (–1) «¼viv àY KGi]
L cÉvµ¦ avivwU, 1 + 3 + 5 + ...............
 ev, n2 – 38n + 12n – 456 = 0
hvi cÉ^g c` a = 1 ev, n(n – 38) + 12(n – 38) = 0
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d = 5  3 = 3  1 = 2 ev, (n – 38) (n + 12) = 0
awi, avivwUi nZg c` 169  nq n – 38 = 0 Aêv, n + 12 = 0
Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvGbv avivi nZg c` = a + (n  1)d  n = 38 ev, n = – 12
= 1 + (n  1)2 wK¯§ cGì msLÅv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
= 1 + 2n  2 = 2n  1
 n ‰i gvb 38 (Ans.)
cÉk²gGZ,
2n  1 = 169 M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

ev, 2n = 169 + 1 cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c`, a = 25
ev, 2n = 170 ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i = àGYvîi avivi mvaviY AbycvZ, r = – 2 < 1
ev, n =
170
\ n = 85 Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi 1g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
2 a(1 – rn)
\ avivwUi 85 Zg
c` 169 (Ans.) Sn =
1–r
, hLb r < 1
M kZÆgGZ, bZzb avivi 1g c`, a = 1 ‰es mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2
  avivwUi 1g 7 wU cGì mgwÓ¡
àGYvîi avivwU, a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + ............... 25{1 – (–2)7} 25(1 + 128) 25  129
= 1 + 1.2 + 1.22 + 1.23 + .............. S7 =
1 – (–2)
=
1+2
=
3
= 1075 (Ans.)
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ...................
a(rn  1)
bZyb avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ = r  1 [hLb r > 1] cÉk²  49 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3
1(210  1) 1
 10 wU cGì mgwÓ¡ = = 210  1 − 1 + 2 − ........ ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv|
21 2
= 1024  1 = 1023 (Ans.)
K. avivwUi mvaviY AbycvZ ‰es 4^Æ c` KZ? 2
cÉk²  48 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 3 L. avivwUi ˆKvb c` 8 2? 4
M. avivwUi 10 Zg c` ‰es cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
25 + 23 + 21 + ...... avivwUi 1g n-msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ −456|
K. avivwUi mµ¦g c` KZ? 2 1
L. n ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| K cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c`, a =
4  ‰es 2q c` =  1
2
M. cÉ`î avivi cÉ^g c` I mvaviY A¯¦iGK h^vKÌGg ‰KwU 1
 mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 1 =  1  2 =  2 (Ans.)
àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g c` I mvaviY AbycvZ aGi avivwUi cÉ^g
7wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 2
‰es avivwUi 4^Æ c` = ar4  1 L
 ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
1
= ( 2)4  1 = 1 ( 2)3 a + 10d = 55............... (iii)
2 2 ‰es a + 5d = 30 ............... (iv)
1 () () () .
=  2 2 =  2 (Ans.)
2 5d = 25 [weGqvM KGi]
1 25
L avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a =
 ev, d = 5  d = 5
2
‰es ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  2 d ‰i gvb (iii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
a + 10  5 = 55
gGb Kwi, n-Zg c` = 8 2
ev, a + 50 = 55
Avgiv Rvwb, n-Zg c` = arn  1
ev, a = 55 – 50
cÉk²gGZ,
a=5
arn  1 = 8 2
1  avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5
ev, ( 2)n  1 = 8 2 " 2q c`, a + d = 5 + 5 = 10
2
ev, ( 2) = 16
n1 " 3q c`, a + 2d = 5 + 2.5 = 15
ev, ( 2)n  1 = ( 2)8 " 4^Æ c`, a + 3d = 5 + 3.5 = 20
... ... ... ... ...
ev, n  1 = 8 ... ... ... ... ...
n=9
 wbGYÆq avivwU = 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + ...........
 avivwUi 9-Zg c` 8 2 (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

1
M avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a =
 avivwUi 1g c`, a = 5
2
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 5
‰es ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  2
1
Avgiv Rvwb, 1g c` a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d wewkÓ¡ mgv¯¦i avivi n
 avivwUi 10-Zg c` = ar10  1 = ar9 =  ( 2)9 n
2 msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ = 2 {2a + (n – 1)d}
1 n
=  2( 2)8 =  16 (Ans.) cÉk²gGZ, 2 {2.5 + (n – 1)5} = 6375
2
a(1  rn) ev, n(10 + 5n – 5) = 6375  2
‰es Avgiv Rvwb, avivwUi cÉ^g n cGì mgwÓ¡ = 1  r , [‹ r < 1]
ev, n(5n + 5) = 12750
1
{1  ( 2)10} ev, 5n2 + 5n – 12750 = 0
2 ev, n2 + n – 2550 = 0 [DfqcÞGK 5 «¼viv fvM KGi]
 avivwUi cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ =
1  ( 2) ev, n + 51n – 50n – 2550 = 0
2
1 ev, n(n + 51) – 50(n + 51) = 0

(1  32)
2
= ev, (n + 51) (n – 50) = 0
1+ 2
nq n + 51 = 0 Aêv, n – 50 = 0
 31 ev, n = –51 ev, n = 50
=
2(1 + 2)
wK¯§ n = –51 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY c`msLÅv FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
31. 2( 2  1)  n = 50 (Ans.)
=
2. 2.( 2 + 1)( 2  1)
 31 2( 2  1)
= (Ans.) 1+y+ 1–y
2 33 + 29 + 25 + ..... – 19 ‰KwU aviv ‰es m = .
1+y– 1–y
cÉk²  50 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2 K. avivwUi 12Zg c` KZ? 2
2m
‰KwU mgv¯¦i avivi lÓ¤ c` 30 ‰es ‰Kv`kZg c` 55| L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, m – y + 1 = 0
2
4
K. cÉ^g c`GK a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK ‘d’ aGi `yBwU mgxKiY M. avivwUi 1g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY
MVb Ki| 2 AbycvZ aGi ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv MVb Ki ‰es avivwUi 1g
L. DóxcK AbymvGi avivwU MVb Ki| 4 cuvP cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. hw` avivwUi n-msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡ 6375 nq, 51 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ZGe n-‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 
K cÉ`î aviv, 33 + 29 + 25 + .....  19
50 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Bnv ‰KwU mgv¯¦i aviv| Bnvi,
K Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb mgv¯¦i avivi 1g c` a ‰es mvaviY A¯¦i d nGj,
 1g c`, a = 33
n-Zg c` = a + (n – 1)d
‰es mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 29  33 =  4
 lÓ¤ c` = a + (6 – 1)d = 30 Avgiv Rvwb, ˆKvb mgv¯¦i avivi n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d
ev, a + 5d = 30 ............(i)
 cÉ`î avivi 12-Zg c` = 33 + (12  1)( 4)
‰es ‰Kv`kZg c` = a + (11 – 1)d = 55 = 33 + 11.(4)
ev, a + 10d = 55.............(ii) = 33  44
(i) I (ii)-B wbGYÆq mgxKiY«¼q| =  11 (Ans.)
L ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 mgxKiY (ii) ˆK (i) «¼viv fvM KGi cvB,
1+y+ 1y ar10 81 3
m= =
1+y 1y ar7  27
m+1 1+y+ 1y+ 1+y 1y

ev, r3 = 3 3

m1
= [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi] ev, r3 = ( 3 )3
1+y+ 1y 1+y+ 1y
 r= 3
m+1 2 1+y
ev, m  1 = r ‰i gvb (i) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
2 1y
a.( 3 )7 =  27
m+1 1+y
ev, m  1 = ev, a(27 3 ) = 27
1y
27
(m + 1)2 ( 1 + y) 2 ev, a=
ev, (m  1)2 = [DfqcÞGK eMÆ KGi] 27 3
( 1  y) 2
 a=
1
m2 + 2m + 1 1 + y 3
ev, m2  2m + 1 = 1  y 1
 avivwUi 14Zg c` = ( 3 )141
m2 + 2m + 1 + m2  2m + 1 1 + y + 1  y 3
ev, m2 + 2m + 1  m2 + 2m  1 = 1 + y  1 + y [ˆhvRb-weGqvRb KGi]
1
= ( 3 )13
2(m2 + 1) 2 3
ev, 2.2m = 2y
1
m2 + 1 1 = .(729 3 )
ev, 2m = y 3
= 729 (Ans.)
2m
ev, m2 + 1 = y M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,

1
 m2 
2m
+ 1 = 0. (cÉgvwYZ)
àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c`, a =
y 3
M cÉ`î avivwUi 1g c`GK 1g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY AbycvZ
 mvaviY AbycvZ, r =  3 < 1
aGi cvB, a = 33 ‰es r =  4 Avgiv Rvwb,
a(1  rn)
 àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c` = a = 33 àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, Sn = 1  r , r < 1
” ” 2q ” = ar = 33.(4) =  132
 avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡
” ” 3q ” = ar2 = 33.(4)2 = 528 1 1
{1  ( 3 )10} (242)
” ” 4^Æ ” = ar3 = 33.(4)3 =  2112 3 3 242
S10 = = =
 wbGYÆq àGYvîi avivwU, 33  132 + 528  2112 + ......... 1  ( 3 ) 1+ 3 3 ( 3 + 1)
ˆhGnZz, r =  4 < 1. 242 3 ( 3 – 1) 121 3 ( 3  1)
= = (Ans.)
myZivs, cÉvµ¦ àGYvîi avivi 1g cuvPwU cGì mgwÓ¡ 3{( 3)2 – (1)2} 3
33 {1  ( 4)5} a(1  rn)
S5 =
1  ( 4) [
‹ Sn =
1r
; r<1 ] cÉk²  53 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
=
33(1 + 1024) ‰KwU avivi mvaviY c` 2n + 1; (n  ô).
1+4 K. avivwU wbYÆq Ki| 2
33  1025
=
5
L. avivwUi KZZg c` 169? 4
= 33  205 = 6765 (Ans.)
M. avivwUi cÉ^g msLÅvGK cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK mvaviY
AbycvZ aGi bZzb avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
cÉk²  52 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3 53 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰KwU avivi mvaviY c` = 2n + 1; (n  ô)

‰KwU àGYvîi avivi AÓ¡g c`  27 ‰es ‰Kv`k c` 81 3.
‰Lb, n = 1 nGj cÉ^g c` = 2.1 + 1 = 3
K. cÉ`î Z^ÅàGjv mgxKiY AvKvGi cÉKvk Ki| 2
n = 2 nGj w«¼Zxq c` = 2.2 + 1 = 5
L. avivwUi 14 Zg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4
n = 3 nGj Z‡Zxq c` = 2.3 + 1 = 7
M. avivwUi cÉ^g `kwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
52 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
K gGb Kwi,
  wbGYÆq avivwU, 3 + 5 + 7 + ... ... ... (Ans.)
àGYvîi avivwUi 1g c` = a L ‘K’ nGZ cvB, avivwUi 1g c` a = 3

‰es mvaviY AbycvZ = r 2q c` = 5
 avivwUi AÓ¡g c`, ar81 = 27  mvaviY A¯¦i, d = 5  3 = 2
 ar7 =  27 ............. (i) gGbKwi, avivwUi n Zg c` = 169
Avevi, avivwUi ‰Kv`k c`, ar111 = 81 3 ev, a + (n  1)d = 169 [ n Zg c` = a + (n  1)d]
 ar10 = 81 3 ............. (ii) ev, 3 + (n  1)2 = 169
Ans. ar7 = 27, ar10 = 81 3 ev, (n  1)2 = 166
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
 ev, n  1 = 83
ar7 =  27 ............... (i)  n = 84
ar10 = 81 3 .......... (ii)  avivwUi 84 Zg c` 169 (Ans.)
M ‘K’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ avivwUi cÉ^g msLÅvGK cÉ^g c` ‰es mvaviY A¯¦iGK
 cÉk²  55 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
mvaviY AbycvZ aiGj cÉvµ¦ àGYvîi avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = 3 ‰es 6 + x + y + z + 96 + ....... ‰KwU àGYvîi aviv|
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 2 > 1 K. mgv¯¦i aviv I AbyKÌg ‰i gGaÅ `yBwU cv^ÆKÅ wjL| 2
Avgiv Rvwb, àGYvîi avivi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, L. x, y ‰es z ‰i gvb wbYÆ q Ki| 4
a(rn  1)
Sn =
r1
;r>1 M. DóxcGKi avivwU ˆjL| avivwUi cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡
 avivwUi cÉ^g 10wU cGì mgwÓ¡, 3066 nGj, n-‰i gvb KZ? 4
3(210  1) 3(1024  1) 55 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
S10 = = = 3  1023 = 3069 (Ans.)
21 1
K
mgv¯¦i aviv AbyKÌg
cÉk²  54 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
(i) ˆKvGbv avivi ˆhGKvGbv c` (i) KZàGjv ivwk ‰KUv weGkl wbqGg
215 + 213 + 211 + ....... + 175 = S1 ‰es 24 + 96 + 384 + ...... avivwUi
I Zvi cƒeÆeZÆx cGì cv^ÆKÅ KÌgv®¼Gq ‰gbfvGe mvRvGbv nq ˆh
cÉ^g cuvPwU cGì mgwÓ¡ = S2.
K. S1 ‰i `kg c` wbYÆq Ki| 2 me mgq mgvb nGj ˆmB cÉGZÅK ivwk Zvi cƒGeÆi c` I cGii
L. S1 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki| 4 avivwUGK mgv¯¦i aviv eGj| cGì mvG^ KxfvGe mÁ·KÆxZ Zv
M. S1 ‰es S2 ‰i AbycvZ êi Ki| 4 Rvbv hvq| ‰fvGe mvRvGbv
54 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ivwkàGjvi ˆmUGK AbyKÌg eGj|
(ii) D`vniY:
K 215 + 213 + 211 + .......... + 175 = S1
 (ii) D`vniY: 1, 3, 5, .. (2n  1) ,...
1 + 3 + 5 + ... (2n  1)
S1 ‰i cÉ^g c`, a = 215
L 6 + x + y + z + 96 + .......
mvaviY A¯¦i d = 213  215 =  2
n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d
avivwUi 1g c` = a = 6
 10-Zg c` = a + (10  1)d mvaviY AbycvZ r nGj,
= 215 + (10  1) (2) 2q c`, x = ar1
= 215 + 9(2) 3q c`, y = ar2
= 215  18
= 197 (Ans.)
4^Æ c`, z = ar3
L awi, 175 c`wU n Zg cG` AewÕ©Z| 5g c`, 96 = ar4
 n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d ev, 96 = 6.r4
ev, 175 = 215 + (n  1) (2) ev, r4 = 16 = 24
ev, 175  215 = (n  1) (2)  r=2
ev, (n  1) (2) = 40  x = 6.2 = 12
2
40 y = 6.2 = 24
ev, n  1 = 2 z = 6.23 = 48 (Ans.)
ev, n  1 = 20 M ‘L’ nGZ, 6 + 12 + 24 + 48 + 96 + ........

ev, n = 20 + 1 = 21 ‰LvGb, cÉ^g c`, a = 6
n mvaviY AbycvZ r = 2 > 1
Avgiv Rvwb, n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡, Sn = 2 {2a + (n  1)d}
21 cÉ^g n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡,
 21 cGì mgwÓ¡, S21 = 2  {2  215 + (21  1) (2)} a(rn  1)
Sn = [ r > 1]
21 r1
= {430  40}
2 6(2n  1)
21 ev, 3066 = 2  1
=  390
2
ev, 2n  1 = 511
= 4095 (Ans.)
ev, 2n = 511 + 1
M S2 = 24 + 96 + 384 + ............

S2 ‰i cÉ^g c` a = 24
ev, 2n = 512
96 ev, 2n = 29
mvaviY AbycvZ, r = 24 = 4 > 1  n = 9 (Ans.)
a(rn  1)
Avgiv Rvwb, Sn =
r1 cÉk²  56 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 3
a(r5  1)
 cÉ^g cuvP cGì (n = 5) mgwÓ¡ Sn = log3 + log9 + log27 + ..............
r1
24(45  1) K. Bnv ˆKvb aiGbi aviv? 2
=
41 L. avivi cçg I `kg c` wbYÆq Ki| 4
24(1024  1)
= M. avivi cÉ^g eviwU cGì mgwÓ¡ wbYÆq Ki| 4
3
= 8  1023 56 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= 8184 K log3 + log9 + log27 + ...............

 S1 I S2 ‰i AbycvZ = 4095 t 8184 [‘L’ nGZ] = log3 + log32 + log33 .............
= 1365 t 2728 (Ans.) = log3 + 2log3 + 3log3 + ..............
‰LvGb, avivwUi ˆhGKvGbv c`-cƒeÆeZÆx c`  avivwUi `kg (n = 10) c` = a + (10  1)d
= 2log3  log3 = log3 = a + 9d
= log3 + 9log3
‰es ˆkl c` AbycwÕ©Z|
= 10log3 (Ans.)
 cÉ`î avivwU ‰KwU Ab¯¦ mgv¯¦i aviv| (Ans.) M Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i avivi n msLÅK cGì mgwÓ¡,

L ‰LvGb, avivwUi cÉ^g c`, a = log3
 n
Sn = {2a + (n  1)d}
2
mvaviY A¯¦i, d = log3
 avivwUi cÉ^g eviwU (n = 12) cGì mgwÓ¡,
Avgiv Rvwb, mgv¯¦i aviv n-Zg c` = a + (n  1)d 12
S12 = {2a + (12  1)d}
 avivwUi cçg (n = 5) c` = a + (5  1)d 2
= a + 4d = log3 + 4log3 = 6(2log3 + 11 log3)
= 5log3 (Ans.) = 6  13log3
= 78log3 (Ans.)
AaÅvq-14: AbycvZ, m`†kZv I cÉwZmgZv

cÉk²  13 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5 PM PN
ev, MQ + 1 = NR + 1 [Dfq cGÞ 1 ˆhvM KGi]
PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS, QR-ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| SP ‰i PM + MQ PN + NR
mgv¯¦ivj RT îLvsk ewaÆZ QP-ˆK T we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ev, MQ
=
NR
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, `yBwU wòfzGRi f„wg mgvb nGj, ZvGì ˆÞòdj ev,
PQ PR
=
MQ NR
DœPZvi mgvbycvwZK| 2 PQ MQ
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QS : SR = PQ : PR. 4 ev, =
PR NR
M. QR ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ˆKvGbv îLvsk PQ ‰es PR-ˆK h^vKÌGg M ev, PQ : PR = MQ : NR ... ... ... (ii)
I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KiGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QS : SR = MQ : NR. 4 (3) mgxKiY (i) I (ii) nGZ cvB,
13 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb QS : SR = MQ : NR (cÉgvwYZ)
K MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 14 ‰i AbyGœQ` 14.1 ‰i “RÅvwgwZK


mgvbycvZ” ‰i (2) bs `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-267| cÉk²  14 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 5
L PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS, QR ˆK S we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ|
 `yBwU m`†kGKvYx ABC I DEF ‰i BC ‰es EF ‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AG
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, QS : SR = PQ : PR I DH jÁ¼|
T K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò AuvK| 2
P L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, AG : DH = AB : DE. 4
M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, ABC : DEF = BC2 : EF2. 4
K DóxcGKi AvGjvGK wPò wbÁ²i…c :

Q R
S A
D
Aâb: SP îLvsGki mgv¯¦ivj KGi R we±`y w`Gq RT îLvsk Aâb Kwi,
ˆhb Zv ewaÆZ QP evüGK T we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv B C E F
G H
(1) ˆhGnZz SP || RT ‰es PR I PT [Aâb]
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC I DEF `yBwU m`†kGKvYx wòfzR| AG I DH

ZvGì ˆQ`K h^vKÌGg ZvGì DœPZv|
 PTR = QPS [Abyi…c ˆKvY] cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, AG t DH = AB t DE
‰es PRT = RPS [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv
(2) wK¯§ QPS = RPS [Õ¼xKvi] (1) ˆhGnZz ABC I DEF m`†kGKvYx
 PTR = PRT;  PR = PT  A = D, B = E ‰es C = F
QS
(3) Avevi, ˆhGnZz SP || RT,  SR = PT
PQ (2) Avevi, ABG I DEH -‰,
ABG = DEH
QS PQ AGB = DHE = ‰K mgGKvY
 =
SR PR
[KÍ¸bv]
 BAG = EDH [AewkÓ¡]
 QS : SR = PQ : PR (cÉgvwYZ)
 ABG I DEH m`†kGKvYx I m`†k|
M
 P AG AB [m`†k ˆKvYx wòfzGRi
 =
DH DE
Abyi…c evüàGjv
 AG t DH = AB t DE (cÉgvwYZ)
M N mgvbycvwZK]
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi 14.2 Abykxjbxi Dccv`Å 35 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-275

Q R
S
gGb Kwi, PQR ‰ P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS| QR ‰i mgv¯¦ivj ˆKvGbv
A
îLvsk PQ ‰es PR ˆK h^vKÌGg M I N we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| cÉgvY
KiGZ nGe ˆh, QS : SR = MQ : NR
(1) PQR ‰i P ‰i mgw«¼LíK PS
 QS : SR = PQ : PR ........(i) [‘L’ nGZ] O
(2) ‰Lb, MN || QR
PM PN
 =
MQ NR B D C
wPGò, AB = 6cm, AC = 4cm, CD = 2cm ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvGbv 
M ‰LvGb, ABC ‰i AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm, BD = 3 cm (L-nGZ
we±`y| AD îLv ABC ‰i A¯¦tÕ© A ˆK mgw«¼LwíZ KGi| cÉvµ¦) ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆh ˆKvGbv we±`y|
K. ABD I ACD m`†kGKvYx wK-bv hywÚmn wjL| 2 A
L. BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, AOB t AOC = 3 t 2 4
O
A
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm.
ABD I ACD-‰, B C
D Q P
AB 6 cm 3
= =
AC 4 cm 2
AD O Aâb: A ‰es O nGZ BC-‰i Dci h^vKÌGg AP I OQ jÁ¼ Uvwb|
ev, AD = 1
AB AD
ev, AC  AD B D C
1
(1) ABD I ACD ‰i DœPZv AP| [wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
 ABD I ACD m`†kGKvYx bq| 1
 ABD-‰i ˆÞòdj = . BD.AP
L ‰LvGb, ABC-‰i AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm, CD = 2 cm, AD 2
îLvsk ABC ‰i A¯¦:Õ© A ˆK mgw«¼LwíZ KGi BC evüGK D 1
‰es ACD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2. CD.AP
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ ‰es O, AD ‰i Dci ˆhGKvGbv we±`y|
1
E [wòf„GRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
(2) Avevi, BOD I COD- ‰i DœPZv OQ.
1
 BOD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2 . BD.OQ
A
1
[wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
1
O ‰es COD-‰i ˆÞòdj = 2.CD.OQ
1
[wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 2  f„wg  DœPZv]
B D C
AOB ABD  BOD
(3) AOC = ACD  COD
DA îLvsGki mgv¯¦ivj KGi C we±`y w`Gq CE îLvsk Aâb Kwi, ˆhb
Zv ewaÆZ BA evüGK E we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi| [ABD = AOB + BOD ‰es ACD = COD + AOC]
1 1
ˆhGnZz DA || CE ‰es AC I AE ZvGì ˆQ`K .BD.AP  .BD.OQ
AOB 2 2
ˆmGnZz AEC = BAD [Abyi…c ˆKvY] ev, =
AOC 1 1
[avc (1) I (2) nGZ]
‰es ACE = CAD [‰Kv¯¦i ˆKvY] .CD.AP  .CD.OQ
2 2
wK¯§ BAD = CAD [Õ¼xKvi] 1
BD(AP  OQ)
 AEC = ACE; 2
=
 AC = AE 1
CD(AP  OQ)
Avevi, ˆhGnZz DA || CE, 2
BD AB BD
 = =
DC AE CD
wK¯§ AE = AC =
3 cm 3
= [‹ BD = 3cm ‰es CD = 2cm]
BD AB 2 cm 2
 =
DC AC  AOB : AOC = 3 : 2 (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
BD 6 cm
ev, 2 cm = 4 cm [‹ AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm ‰es CD = 2 cm]
12
ev, BD = 4 cm
ev, BD = 3 cm
 BD ‰i Š`NÆÅ 3 cm. (Ans.)
AaÅvq-15: ˆÞòdj mÁ·wKÆZ Dccv`Å I mÁ·v`Å

ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv
K. Z^ÅvbymvGi wPòwU AuvK| 2 (1) AD  BC nIqvq
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, DE || BC. 4 ADB = ADC = 1 mgGKvY
1
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh,  ˆÞò BDE ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 ( GÞò ABC ‰i (2) ‰Lb ABD I ADC mgGKvYx
ˆÞòdj)| 4 wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ AwZfzR AB = AwZfzR AC
13 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb [mgevü wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evü mgvb]
K
 AD mvaviY evü
A
myZivs, ABD  ADC
 BD = CD (cÉgvwYZ)
D E
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 15 ‰i Dccv`Å-38 ‰i Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-288
B C A
M

wPGò ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E| ˆÌqv AvGQ, ABC-mgevü
L gvaÅwgK MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å-15 `ËÓ¡eÅ|
 A^Ævr AB = BC = CA
c†Ó¤v-129 ‰es AD, BC ‰i Ici jÁ¼|
A
M
 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, 4AD2 = 3AB2 B D C
D E cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

(1) AD  BC [ˆÌqv AvGQ]
B C
 ADB = ADC = 90°.
(2) ‰Lb, mgGKvYx ABD ‰es mgGKvYx ACD-‰
gGb Kwi, ABC ‰i AB I AC evü«¼Gqi gaÅwe±`y h^vKÌGg D I E| AwZfzR AB = AwZfzR AC [ ABC mgevü wòfzR]
D, E ‰es B, E ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, ‰es AD = AD [ mvaviY evü ]
1
 ˆÞò BDE ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 ( ˆÞò ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj)  ABD  ACD
cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv [ mgGKvYx wòfzR«¼Gqi AwZfyR ‰es Aci ‰KwU evü mgvb]
(1) ABE ‰ DE, AB ‰i gaÅgv [‹ DE gaÅgv ABE ˆK myZivs, BD = CD
 BC = 2BD
  ˆÞò ABE = 2 ( ˆÞò BDE) mgw«¼LwíZ KGi]
(3) Avevi, mgGKvYx ABD-‰ ADB = 90°
(2) ABC ‰ BE, AC ‰i gaÅgv
  ˆÞò ABC = 2 ( ˆÞò ABE)
‰es AwZfzR = AB.
ev, ˆÞò ABC = 2 [2( ˆÞò BDE)] [avc-1 ˆ^GK] (4) wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å AbymvGi,
AB2 = AD2 + BD2
ev,  ˆÞò ABC = 4 ( ˆÞò BDE)
1 ev, AD2 = AB2 – BD2
 ˆÞò BDE = 4 ( ˆÞò ABC) (cÉgvwYZ) ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – 4BD2 [ DfqcÞGK 4 «¼viv àY KGi ]
ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – (2BD)2
cÉk²  14 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 6 ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – BC2 [ BC = 2BD ]
mgGKvYx PQR ‰i Q = ‰K mgGKvY ‰es ABC mgevü hvi ev, 4AD2 = 4AB2 – AB2 [ AB = BC]
AD  BC.  4AD = 3AB . (cÉgvwYZ)
2 2
K. ˆ`LvI ˆh, BD = CD 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 4
ABC ‰ C = 1 mgGKvY ‰es B = 2A.
M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, 4AD2 = 3AB2 4
14 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. A = ? ‰es B = ? 2
K ABC ‰KwU mgevü wòfzR|
 L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, AB = AC + BC .
2 2 2
4
A
hvi ADBC| cÉgvY KiGZ M. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, ABC ‰i ˆhGKvGbv `yB evüi gaÅwe±`yi
nGe ˆh, BD = CD msGhvRK îLvsGki Š`NÆÅ ‰i Z‡Zxq evüi mgv¯¦ivj ‰es Š`GNÆÅ
Zvi AGaÆK| 4
B C
D
15 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb (3) wK¯§, ABDE UÇvwcwRqvg ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = ˆÞò ABC ‰i ˆÞòdj +
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, DABC ‰ C = 1 mgGKvY = 90
 ˆÞò ACE ‰i ˆÞòdj + ˆÞò ECD ‰i ˆÞòdj|
‰es B = 2A 1 1 1
 2BD(AB + DE) = 2  AB  BC + 2  AC  CE + 2  CD  DE
1
Avgiv Rvwb,
1 1 1
A + B + C = 180 ev, 2(BC + CD) (AB + DE) = 2  AB  BC + 2  AC
ev, A + 2A + 90 = 180 1
 CE +  CD  DE [ BD = BC + CD]
ev, 3A = 90 2
\ 1 1 1 1
A = 30 ev, 2
(a + c) (c + a) = ca + b2 + ac
2 2 2
\ B = 2  30 = 60 (Ans.)
1 1 2
L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi AaÅvq-15 ‰i Dccv`Å-38 (wc^vGMvivGmi
 ev, 2
2
(c + a) = ca + b
2
Dccv`Å) `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-289 1 2 1
ev, (c + 2ca + a ) = ca + b2
2
M MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-6.3 ‰i Dccv`Å-15 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-129
 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
ev, 2
c + ca + a = ca + b
2 2
cÉk²  16 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 6 1 2 1 2 1 2
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR| ˆhLvGb B = ‰K mgGKvY| ev, 2
c + a = b
2 2
K. DcGii ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wòfzRwU AuvK| 2 ev, c2 + a2 = b2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, AC = AB + BC |
2 2 2
4 ev, b2 = c2 + a2
M. ABC wòfzGR AB = BC ‰es P AwZfzR AC ‰i DciÕ© ˆh  AC2 = AB2 + BC2 (cÉgvwYZ)
ˆKvGbv we±`y nGj, cÉgvY Ki ˆh, PA + PC = 2PB |
2 2 2
4 M m†Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-347
K
 A cÉk²  17 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 4
PQR-‰ P = ‰K mgGKvY ‰es QR-‰i gaÅwe±`y S.
K. cÉ`î Z^Å Abyhvqx wPòwU Aâb Ki| 2
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, QR = PQ + PR .
2 2 2
4
M. ˆ`LvI ˆh, PS ‰i Š`NÆÅ QR ‰i AGaÆK| 4
17 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Q
90 K wPGò, PQR ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzR, hvi

C
B P = 90, ‰es AwZfzR QR ‰i
S
gaÅwe±`y S.
cÉ`î Dcvî Abyhvqx ABC AvuKv nGjv hvi B = ‰K mgGKvY|
L weGkl wbeÆvPb: gGb Kwi,
 A
E P R
ABC ‰KwU mgGKvYx wòfzGRi
B = ‰K mgGKvY, c b Q
AC = b, BC = a I AB = c.
b
a L ˆÌqv AvGQ, PQR ‰i P =
 T
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe, ‰K mgGKvY|
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 B a c
D awi, PQ = r, PR = q ‰es QR = p r p p
C q
A^Ævr, b2 = c2 + a2 cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
Aâb : BC evüGK D chÆ¯¦ ewaÆZ Kwi ˆhb CD = AB = c nq| QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 P q r
R S
D we±`yGZ BD îLvsGki Ici jÁ¼fvGe DE îLvsk AuvwK ˆhb
DE = BC = a nq| A, E I C, E ˆhvM Kwi|
PR evüGK S chÆ¯¦ ‰gbfvGe ewaÆZ Kwi, ˆhb RS = PQ = r nq| S we±`yGZ
cÉgvY : avc h^v^ÆZv TS  PS AuvwK ˆhb TS = PR = q nq| R, T I Q, T ˆhvM Kwi|
‰Lb, BCA I DEC ‰ cÉgvY : PQR I RST wòfzR«¼Gqi gGaÅ,
(1) BC = DE = a, AB = DC = c [Aâb AbymvGi]
PQ = RS, PR = TS ‰es
‰es A¯¦fzÆÚ CBA = A¯¦fzÆÚ EDC [cÉGZÅGK ‰K mgGKvY] A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY RPQ = A¯¦fzÆÚ ˆKvY RST = ‰K mgGKvY|
 BCA  DEC
 PQR  RST
 AC = EC = b ‰es CAB = ECD
 PQR = TRS‰es RT = QR = P
(2) ‰Lb ˆhGnZz AB  BD ‰es ED  BD,
‰Lb, PQR + PRQ = ‰K mgGKvY
myZivs AB || ED.
 TRS + PRQ = ‰K mgGKvY
AZ‰e, ABDE ‰KwU UÇvwcwRqvg|
wK¯§, PRQ + QRT + TRS = `yB mgGKvY
Avevi, BCA + CAB = ‰K mgGKvY|
 QRT = ‰K mgGKvY
 BCA + ECD = ‰K mgGKvY| [avc-1 ˆ^GK]
Avevi, UÇvwcwRqvg PQTS ‰i ˆÞòdj = PQR ‰i ˆÞòdj +
wK¯§ BCA + ACE + ECD = `yB mgGKvY|
QRT ‰i ˆÞòdj + RST ‰i ˆÞòdj
ev, ACE + ‰K mgGKvY = `yB mgGKvY| 1 1 1 1
 ACE = ‰K mgGKvY, ev, 2 (PQ + TS)PS = 2  PR  PQ + 2  QR  RT + 2  RS  TS
1 1 1 1
ev, 2 (r + q)(q + r) = 2 qr + 2 P2 + 2 qr L m†Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-347

ev,
1 1
(q + r)2 = (qr + p2 + qr) M ˆÌqv AvGQ, PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg.

2 2
 PQ = PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg.
ev, q2 + 2qr + r2 = 2qr + p2
ev, q2 + r2 = p2 ‰Lb, ˆhGnZz OS  PR ‰es OT  PQ ‰es O, RQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
1 1
ev, p2 = r2 + q2  OT = SP = PR =  4.4 = 2.2 ˆm.wg.
2 2
 QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 (cÉgvwYZ) 1
Q  POQ ‰i ˆÞòdj =  PQ  OT
M
 2
1
=  4.4  2.2
2
E S = 4.84 eMÆ ˆm.wg.
1
PQR ‰i ˆÞòdj = 2  PQ  PR
P D R 1
=  4.4  4.4
2
weGkl wbeÆPb: gGb Kwi, PQR-‰ P ‰K mgGKvY ‰es S, QR ‰i = 9.68
1 = 2  4.84 ˆm.wg.
gaÅwe±`y| P, S ˆhvM Kwi| cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh, PS = 2 QR
ˆÞò PQR = 2  -ˆÞò POQ (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv)
Aâb: PQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y E wbB ‰es S, E ˆhvM Kwi|
(1) PQR-‰ E I S h^vKÌGg PQ I QR ‰i gaÅwe±`y|
 ES || PR PQR mgw«¼evü mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AwZfzR QR-‰i Dci M ˆh ˆKvGbv
 QES = Abyi…c EPR = ‰K mgGKvY| we±`y| D, PQ-‰i Dci ‰KwU we±`y|
‰es SEP = Abyi…c EPR = ‰K mgGKvY K. Z^ÅàGjv wPGòi gvaÅGg cÉKvk Ki| 2
(2) ‰Lb QES I PES-‰ L. ˆ`LvI ˆh, RQ + PD = PQ + RD .
2 2 2 2
4
QE = PE [ E, PQ ‰i gaÅwe±`y] M. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, MR2 + MQ2 = 2PM2. 4
ES = ES [ mvaviY evü]
19 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb R
‰es A¯¦fÆyÚ QES = A¯¦fÆyÚ SEP [avc (1) ˆ^GK cÉGZÅGK ‰K mgGKvY]
 QES  PES K wPGò, PQR ‰KwU mgGKvYx
 QS = PS mgw«¼evü wòfzR hvi P = 90, M
1
(3) wK¯§ QS = 2 QR AwZfzR QR ‰i Dci M
1 ˆhGKvGbv ‰KwU we±`y| D, PQ
 PS = QR (ˆ`LvGbv nGjv) P Q
2 ‰i DciÕ© ‰KwU we±`y| D
L PQR-‰i P = ‰K mgGKvY
 R
‰es D, PQ ‰i DciÕ© ‰KwU
R
we±`y| R, D ˆhvM Kwi|
cÉgvY KiGZ nGe ˆh,
RQ2 + PD2 = PQ2 + RD2
S O P D Q
P Q
T
(1) PRQ mgGKvYx hvi AwZfzR RQ
K. DcGivÚ wPGòi RÅvwgwZK eYÆbv `vI| 2  RQ2 = PR2 + PQ2 ... ... (i) [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
L. cÉgvY Ki ˆh, OQ2 + OR2 = 2OP2 4 (2) PRD mgGKvYx hvi AwZfzR RD
M. PR = 4.4 ˆm.wg., nGj ˆ`LvI ˆh, -ˆÞò PQR = 2  -ˆÞò POQ. 4  RD2 = PR2 + PD2 [wc^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å]
18 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, PD = RD – PR ... ... (ii)
2 2 2
K ‰LvGb, PQR ‰KwU mgw«¼evü

 R
mgGKvYx wòfzR hvi PQ = PR  RQ2 + PD2 = PR2 + PQ2 + RD2 – PR2
‰es RQ AwZfzR|O, RQ ‰i O
S ev, RQ2 + PD2 = PQ2 + RD2
Ici ˆhGKvGbv we±`y| OT 
 RQ2 + PD2 = RD2 + PQ2 (cÉgvwYZ)
PQ ‰es OS  PR.
M m†Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÉGk²i mgvavb Abyi…c| c†Ó¤v-347
P T Q
AaÅvq-16: cwiwgwZ
cÉk²  61 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9 Avgiv Rvwb,
‰KwU e†îvKvi gvVGK wNGi ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ| ivÕ¦vwUi evBGii cwiwa wmwj´£vK‡wZi cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = R2h Nb ‰KK
wfZGii cwiwa AGcÞv 22 wgUvi eo| cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦vq BU emvGZ = 3.1416  82  500 Nb ˆm. wg.
LiP nq 300 UvKv| = 100531.2 Nb ˆm. wg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
K. 14 ˆm.wg. eÅvmwewkÓ¡ e†Gîi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 2 L
 ˆÌqv AvGQ, cvBGci wfZGii eÅvm = 14 ˆm. wg.
14
L. ivÕ¦vwU KZ wgUvi PIov wbYÆq Ki| 4  cvBGci wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 ˆm. wg. = 7 ˆm. wg.
M. gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ 35 wgUvi nGj, ivÕ¦vwUGZ BU emvGZ KZ LiP  cvBGci wfZGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
nGe Zv wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 3.1416  (7)2  500 Nb ˆm. wg.
61 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = 76969.2 Nb ˆm.wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, e†Gîi eÅvm, 2r = 14 ˆm.wg. ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = 100531.2 Nb ˆm. wg.
Avgiv Rvwb, e†Gîi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK  cvBGci ˆjvnvi AvqZb = evBGii AvqZb – wfZGii AvqZb
= 14  3.1416 ˆm.wg. = (100531.2 – 76969.2) Nb ˆm. wg.
= 43.98 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.) = 23562 Nb ˆm. wg.
L gGb Kwi, ‰LvGb, 1 Nb ˆm. wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg
e†îvKvi gvGVi evBGii eÅvmvaÆ = R wgUvi 169646.4
 ˆjvnvi IRb = 23562  7.2 MÉvg = 1000 wKGjvMÉvg
‰es wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ = r wgUvi
= 169.65 wK. MÉvg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 ivÕ¦vi PIov = R − r wgUvi

 e†îvKvi gvGVi evBGii cwiwa = 2R wgUvi ˆjvnvi cvBGci AvqZb = 23562 Nb ˆm. wg.
‰es wfZGii cwiwa = 2r wgUvi ˆÌqv AvGQ, wbGiU `Gíi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 7
cÉk²vbymvGi, 2R − 2r = 22 awi, `íwUi Š`NÆÅ = h ˆm. wg.
ev, 2 (R − r) = 22  `íwUi AvqZb = r2h Nb ˆm. wg.
22
ev, R − r = 2  3.1416 = 3.50 = 3.1416  72  h Nb ˆm. wg.
= 153. 9384 h Nb ˆm. wg.
 ivÕ¦vi PIov 3.50 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
Avevi, `íwUi AvqZb = ˆjvnvi AvqZb
M ˆÌqv AvGQ, gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 35 wgUvi  153.9384 h = 23562
‰es ivÕ¦vi PIov = 3.50 wgUvi [‘L’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦] 23562
ev, h = 153.9384
 ivÕ¦vmn gvGVi eÅvmvaÆ, R = (35 + 3.50) wgUvi = 38.50 wgUvi
 ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = ivÕ¦vmn gvGVi ˆÞòdj ivÕ¦vQvov gvGVi ˆÞòdj ev, h = 153.0612
2
= R − r 2  wbGiU `Gíi Š`NÆÅ 153.06 ˆm. wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
= (R2 − r2)
= 3.1416 {(38.50)2 − (35)2} cÉk²  63 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
= 3.1416  257.25 ‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 14 ˆm.wg. I 16
= 808.18 eMÆ wgUvi ˆm.wg. ‰es cvBGci DœPZv 5 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg|
‰LvGb, cÉwZ eMÆwgUvi ivÕ¦vq BU emvGZ LiP 300 UvKv K. cvBGci evBGii AvqZb KZ? 2
 808.18 ” ” ” ” ” (808.18  300) UvKv L. cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 242454 UvKv (Ans.) M. cvBcGK MwjGq 7 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU wbGiU `Gí
cwiYZ Kiv nGjv| `íwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 14 ˆm.wg. I 16 m†Rbkxj 62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
ˆm.wg. ‰es cvBGci DœPZv 5 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg|
K. cvBGci evBGii AvqZb KZ? 2 cÉk²  64 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
L. cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb wbYÆq Ki| 4 ‰KwU evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 80 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 60 wgUvi| evMvbwUi wfZGi
M. cvBcGK MwjGq 7 ˆm.wg. eÅvmvaÆwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU wbGiU `Gí mgvb cvowewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cyKzi Lbb Kiv nj|
cwiYZ Kiv nGjv| `íwUi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 K. evMvGbi cwimxgv I ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
62 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L. hw` cyKzi cvGoi ˆÞòdj 804 eMÆwgUvi nq, ZGe cyKzGii
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, cvBGci evBGii eÅvm = 16 ˆm. wg. Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
16
 cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ, R = 2 ˆm. wg. = 8 ˆm. wg. M. cyK z G ii MfxiZv 2.75 wgUvi nGj, cÉwZ NbwgUvi gvwU Lbb
KiGZ 325 UvKv wnmvGe H cyKziwUi gvwU Lbb KiGZ KZ
‰es cvBGci DœPZv, h = 5 wgUvi = 500 ˆm. wg. UvKv jvMGe? 4
64 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cvBGci wfZGii eÅvm = 8 ˆm. wg.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 80 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 60 wgUvi
 ” ”
8
eÅvmvaÆ = 2 ˆm. wg. = 4 ˆm. wg.
 evMvGbi cwimxgv = 2(Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK
= 2(80 + 60) wgUvi
 cvBGci cyi‚Z½ = (5  4) ˆm. wg. = 1 ˆm. wg. (Ans.)
= 2  140 wgUvi = 280 wgUvi (Ans.) L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
‰es evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (Š`NÆÅ  cÉÕ©) eMÆ ‰KK cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ R = 5 ˆm. wg.
= (80  60) eMÆ wgUvi ˆÌqv AvGQ,
= 4800 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.) cvBGci evBGii DœPZv h = 4 wg. = (4  100) ˆm. wg.
L ˆÌqv AvGQ, = 400 ˆm. wg.
cyKzi cvGoi ˆÞòdj 804 eMÆwgUvi Avgiv Rvwb,
‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, evMvGbi ˆÞòdj 4800 eMÆ wgUvi cvBGci evBGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj = 2Rh eMÆ ‰KK
 cvo evG` cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (4800  804) eMÆ wgUvi = (2    5  400) eMÆ ˆm. wg.
= 3996 eMÆ wgUvi = 12566.4 eMÆ ˆm. wg.
gGb Kwi, evMvbwUi wfZGi x wgUvi cvowewkÓ¡ cyKzi Lbb Kiv nGqGQ| = 1.257 eMÆ wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 cvo evG` cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (80  2x) wgUvi M cvBGci DœPZv, h = 4 wgUvi = 400 ˆm.wg.
cvo evG` cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (60  2x) wgUvi ‘K’ nGZ cvB, cvBGci evBGii eÅvmvaÆ R = 5 ˆm.wg.
 cvo evG` cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (80  2x) (60  2x)  cvBGci evBGii AvqZb = R2h Nb ‰KK = 3.1416  (5)2  400
kZÆgGZ, (80  2x) (60  2x) = 3996 = 31416 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, 4800  160x  120x + 4x2 = 3996 ‘K’ nGZ cvB, cvBGci wfZGii eÅvmvaÆ, r = 4 ˆm.wg.
ev, 4x2 –x + 4800 – 3996 = 0  cvBGci wfZGii AvqZb = r2h Nb ‰KK
ev, 4x2  280x + 804 = 0 = 3.1416  (4)2  400
ev, 4(x2  70x + 201) = 0 = 20106.24 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, x2  70x + 201 = 0  cvBGci ˆjvnvi AvqZb = 31416  20106.24
ev, x2  67x  3x + 201 = 0 = 11309.76 Nb ˆm.wg.
ev, x(x  67)  3(x  67) = 0  cvBGci ˆjvnvi IRb = 11309.76  7.2 MÉvg
ev, (x  67) (x  3) = 0 =
81430.272
wKGjvMÉvg
 x  67 = 0 1000
ev, x = 67 = 81.43 wKGjvMÉvg (cÉvq) (Ans.)
hvnv MÉnY ˆhvMÅ bq|
 x3=0 cÉk²  66 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
ev, x = 3 ‰KwU e†Gîi cwiwa 44 wgUvi|
 cvoevG` cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (80  2  3) wgUvi K. e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq KGiv| 2
= (80  6) wgUvi = 74 wgUvi L. e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ eMÆGÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
‰es cvoevG` cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (60  2  3) wgUvi M. e†Gîi cwiwa ‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgvi mgvb nGj
= (60  6) wgUvi ‰Gì ˆÞòdGji AbycvZ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
= 54 wgUvi 66 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ 74 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 54 wgUvi (Ans.) K awi, e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ = r

M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB,  ” cwiwa = 2r
cyKzGii ˆÞòdj 3996 eMÆ wgUvi kZÆgGZ, 2r = 44
ˆÌqv AvGQ cyKzGii MfxiZv 2.75 wgUvi 44
ev, r = 2  
 cyKzGii AvqZb = ˆÞòdj  MfxiZv
= 3996  2.75 Nb wgUvi = 10989 Nb wgUvi
 H cyKziwUi gvwU Lbb KiGZ jvMGe (10989  325) UvKv
r=7 [ = 227] (Ans.)
L e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ = 7 wgUvi [K nGZ]

= 3571425 UvKv (Ans.)
” eÅvm = (7  2) wgUvi = 14 wgUvi
cÉk²  65 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9
Avgiv Rvwb,
‰KwU ˆjvnvi cvBGci wfZGii I evBGii eÅvm h^vKÌGg 8 ˆm.wg. I 10 ˆm.wg. e†Gî A¯¦wjÆwLZ eGMÆi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ e†îwUi eÅvGmi mgvb|
‰es cvBGci DœPZv 4 wgUvi| 1 Nb ˆm.wg. ˆjvnvi IRb 7.2 MÉvg| myZivs eMÆGÞòwUi KYÆ = 14 wgUvi
K. cvBGci cyi‚Z½ KZ ˆm.wg. wbYÆq KGiv| 2 awi, eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ a ‰KK
L. cvBGci evBGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq KGiv| 4  ” KYÆ = 2a ‰KK
M. cvBGc eÅen†Z ˆjvnvi IRb KZ ˆK.wR. wbYÆq KGiv| 4  2a = 14
ev, a =
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 2
cvBGci evBGii eÅvm = 10 ˆm. wg. 14 2
10
ev, a = 2
” ” eÅvmvaÆ = 2 ˆm. wg. = 5 ˆm. wg.
 a = 7 2 wgUvi = 9.899 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
M e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ r = 7 wgUvi [‘K’ ˆ^GK]
 AD
ev, 1 = 10
 ” ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK \ AD = 10 wgUvi|
= (7)2 eMÆ wgUvi AD
Avevi, DABD ‰ sin ABD = AB
22 22
=
7
 49 ” [
” = 7 ] 10
ev, sin30 = AB
= 154 eMÆ wgUvi 1 10
ev, 2 = AB
Avevi, ˆhGnZz e†Gîi cwiwa = mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgv
\ AB = 20 wgUvi| (Ans.)
 mgevü wòfzGRi cwimxgv = 44 wgUvi

awi, mgevü wòfzGRi evüi Š`NÆÅ a AB = 20 wg., AD = 10 wg.
 cwimxgv = 3a D ABD-‰, BD = AB2  AD2
44
 3a = 44  a = = (20)2  (10)2
3
= 300 = 10 3 wg.
Avgiv Rvwb,
\ BC = BD + CD = 10 3 + 10 = 27.3205 wg.
3 2 Avevi,
mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj =
4
a eMÆ ‰KK
2
DADC ‰ AC = AD2 + CD2 = (10)2 + (10)2
3
=
4 (443) ” ” \
= 200 = 14.1421
DABC ‰i cwimxgv = AB + BC + AC
3 1936 484 3 = (20 + 27.3205 + 14.1421) wgUvi
=
4

9
” ” = 9
” ”
= 61.46 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
484 3
 e†î I mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdGji AbycvZ = 154 t 9 cÉk²  68 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
= 1386 t 484 3 ABCD ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi `yB evüi Š`NÆÅ h^vKÌGg 12 ˆm.wg. ‰es 8
= 693 t 242 3 (Ans.) ˆm.wg.| ‰i Þz`Z Ë g KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ 10 ˆm.wg.|
K. mswÞµ¦ eYÆbvmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
cÉk²  67 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 9 L. mvgv¯¦wiGKi DœPZv wbYÆq KGiv| 4
A
M. DóxcGKi Dcvî AbymvGi mvgv¯¦wiGKi Aci KYÆ ‰es ˆÞòdj wbYÆq
E 30 KGiv| 4
45 MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-16.2 ‰i D`vniY-11 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-304
B
D 10m
C [we. `Ë. ‘wgUvi’ ‰i cwieGZÆ ‘ˆm.wg.’ nGe|
‰es mvgv¯¦wiGKi ˆÞòdj = f„wg  DœPZv eMÆ ‰KK
wPGò EA || BC, AD  BC, D®²wZ ACD = 45 ‰es DC = 10 wgUvi = 12  6.61
K. D®²wZ ˆKvY I AebwZ ˆKvGYi msæv `vI| 2 = 79.32 eMÆ ˆm.wg.| (Ans.)
L. AB evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
M. ABC ‰i cwimxgv wbYÆq KGiv| 4 cÉk²  69 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 8
67 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 8 wgUvi I 12 wgUvi evüwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU mvgv¯¦wiGKi Þz`ËZg KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ 10
K D®²wZ ˆKvY: f„ZGji DcGii ˆKvb we±`y f„wgi mgv¯¦ivj îLvi mvG^ wgUvi|
ˆh ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ZvGK D®²wZ ˆKvY eGj| K. mswÞµ¦ weeiYmn wPòwU AuvK| 2
AebwZ ˆKvY: f„ZGji mgv¯¦ivj îLvi wbGPi ˆKvb we±`y f„-îLvi mvG^ L. Aci KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
ˆh ˆKvY Drc®² KGi ZvGK AebwZ ˆKvY eGj| M. mvgv¯¦wiKwUi ˆÞòdj ‰KwU eGMÆi ˆÞòdGji mgvb nGj
E A
L eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq KGiv| 4
30
K MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-16.2 ‰i D`vniY-11 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-304
45 L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-16.2 ‰i D`vniY-11 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-304
C
B D 10 m M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
mvgv¯¦wiKwUi f„wg AB = 12 wg.
ˆÌqv AvGQ, ‰es mvgv¯¦wiKwUi DœPZv DF = 6.614 wg.
BAE = 30 ‰es EA || BC  mvgv¯¦wiKwUi ˆÞòdj = 12  6.614 eMÆ wg. = 79.368 eMÆ wg.
\ ABD = 30 eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj = 79.368 eMÆ wg.
ACD = 45, DC = 10 wgUvi awi, eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ = a wg.
AD
‰Lb, D ADC ‰ tan ACD = CD  eMÆwUi ˆÞòdj = a2 eMÆ wg.
AD kZÆgGZ, a2 = 79.368 ev, a = 79.368 = 8.91
ev, tan45 = 10  eMÆwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 8.91 wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉk²  70 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 71 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
K

‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ 2 wgUvi evovGj ˆÞòdj 5 3
eMÆwgUvi êGo hvq| A D
K. wòfzRwUi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi nGj, wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj x 12 wgUvi
wgUvi
wgUvi
O
PjGKi gvaÅGg ˆjL| 2
wgUvi
5
5
L. wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 12
B C
M. ˆKvGbv mge†îf„wgK wmwj´£vGii DœPZv I f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ h^vKÌGg
wòfzRwUi DœPZv I ‰K evüi Š`GNÆÅi mgvb nGj, wmwj´£viwUi
AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4
gGb Kwi, ABCD ‰KwU AvqZvKvi ˆÞò| hvi Š`NÆÅ AD = BC = 12
70 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wgUvi, cÉÕ© AB = CD = 5 wgUvi ‰es KYÆ AC = BD.
K ˆÌqv AvGQ, mgevü wòfzGRi evüi Š`NÆÅ = x wgUvi
 AC I BD KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·i O we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGiGQ| ABCD AvqZvKvi
3
 mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 x2 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.) ˆÞòwUGK cwiGewÓ¡Z KGi O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†îvKvi ˆÞò AvGQ| Mvp
wPwn×Z AskUzKzGZ Nvm jvMvGbv nGqGQ|
L gGb Kwi, mgevü wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi

L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, ABCD AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUi KYÆ AC = BD

3
 ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 x2 eMÆ wgUvi  ABCD AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUi KYÆ AC ev BD nGe e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi
wòfzGRi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 2 wgUvi evovGj wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj eÅvm|
3 AZ‰e, ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK cvB,
= (x + 2)2 eMÆ wgUvi AC2 = AB2 + BC2
4
3 3 = (5)2 + (12)2 [‹ AB = 5 wg.; BC = 12 wg.]
kZÆgGZ, 4 (x + 2)2 – 4 x2 = 5 3 = 25 + 144 = 169
3  AC = 169 = 13
ev, 4 {(x + 2)2 – x2} = 5 3
 e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi eÅvm, AC = 13 wgUvi
ev, (x + 2)2 – x2 = 20 13
myZiv, e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 wg. = 6.5 wg.
ev, x2 + 4x + 4 – x2 = 20
ev, 4x = 20 – 4  e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK
= 2  3.1416  6.5 wg.
ev, 4x = 16
16 = 40.84 wg. (Ans.)
ev, x = 4 M e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK

 x = 4 wgUvi = 3.1416  (6.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi [L nGZ]
3 = 132.7326 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
 wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj = 4  42 eMÆ wgUvi
ˆÌqv AvGQ, AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = 12 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© = 5 wgUvi
= 4 3 eMÆ wgUvi  AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = (125) eMÆ wgUvi = 60 eMÆ wgUvi
= 6.9282 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 e†îvKvi ˆÞòwUi AvqZvKvi ˆÞò «¼viv AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj
 = (132.7326  60) eMÆ wgUvi
mgevü wòfzGRi ‰Kevü x = 4 wgUvi = 72.7326 eMÆ wgUvi
3 3 cÉwZ eMÆ wgUvGi Nvm jvMvGZ LiP nq 50 UvKv|
mgevü wòfzGRi DœPZv = 2 x ‰KK = 2  4 wgUvi
 72.7326 eMÆ wgUvi Nvm jvMvGZ LiP nq
=2 3 wgUvi (72.7326  50) UvKv = 3636.63 UvKv (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 wmwj´£vGii DœPZv h = 2 3 wgUvi cÉk²  72 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8
‰es ” f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ r = 4 wgUvi ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj 2000 eMÆwgUvi| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 10
 wmwjívGii AvqZb = r h Nb ‰KK 2 wgUvi Kg nq, ZGe evMvbwU eMÆvKvi nq|
= 3.1416  42  2 3 Nb wgUvi K. AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ©GK h^vKÌGg x wgUvi I y
wgUvi aGi cÉGqvRbxq mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2
= 3.1416  16  2 3 Nb wgUvi
L. evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 174.1251 NbwgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
M. hw` AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv ˆKvGbv iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgvi
mgvb nq ‰es iÁ¼Gmi Þz`ËZi KYÆwU 54 wgUvi nq, ZGe iÁ¼Gmi
cÉk²  71 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 Aci KYÆ ‰es ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
‰KwU e†îÕ© AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ ‰es cÉÕ© h^vKÌGg 12 wg. ‰es 5 wg.| 72 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
AvqZGÞò evG` e†Gîi gGaÅ AewkÓ¡ Lvwj RvqMvq Nvm jvMvGbv AvGQ| K gGb Kwi, AvqZGÞòwUi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi
K. cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvGjvGK wPò AsKb Ki| 2 ‰es AvqZGÞòwUi cÉÕ© y wgUvi
L. e†îvKvi ˆÞGòi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 4  AvqZGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = xy eMÆwgUvi
M. cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi Nvm jvMvGZ 50 UvKv wnmvGe ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP cÉk²vbymvGi, xy = 2000 ‰es x − 10 = y
nGe? 4 L MwYZ cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx-16.2 ‰i D`vniY-9 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-303
 ‰LvGb, evMvGbi eÅvm = 300 wg.
AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 50 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi 300
 evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 2 wg. = 150 wg. (Ans.)
AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv = 2(50 + 40) wgUvi
= 2  90 wgUvi = 180 wgUvi

 iÁ¼Gmi cwimxgv = evMvGbi cwimxgv = 180 wgUvi
e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, r = 150 wg.
D
C
 ” ” ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK
O = 3.1416  (150)2 eMÆ wg.
= 3.1416  22500 "
= 70686 eMÆ wg. (Ans.)
A
B ‰LvGb, e†îvKvi evMvGbi evBGi ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ hvi PIov = 5 wgUvi|
gGb Kwi ABCD ‰KwU iÁ¼m, hvi `yBwU KYÆ AC ‰es BD ciÕ·i O  ivÕ¦vmn e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ, R = (150 + 5) wg. = 155 wg.
we±`yGZ ˆQ` KGi|  ” ” ” ˆÞòdj = R2 eMÆ wg.
‰es ‰KwU KYÆ BD = 54 wgUvi = 3.1416  (155)2 eMÆ wg.
cwimxgv 180 = 3.1416  24025 eMÆ wg.
iÁ¼Gmi evü AB = 4 = 4 wgUvi = 45 wgUvi = 75476.94 eMÆ wg.
Avgiv Rvwb, iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼q ciÕ·iGK mgGKvGY mgw«¼LwíZ KGi| myZivs ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj
1 1 = ivÕ¦vmn evMvGbi ˆÞòdj @ evMvGbi ˆÞòdj
 OB = BD =  54
2 2
wgUvi = 27 wgUvi
= (75476.94 – 70686) eMÆ wg.
AOB mgGKvYx wòfzR ˆ^GK Avgiv cvB = 4790.94 eMÆ wg. (Ans.)
AB2 = OA2 + OB2

ev, (45)2 = OA2 + (27)2
ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = 4790.94 eMÆwgUvi
ev, OA2 = (45)2 − (27)2
‰LvGb,
ev, OA2 = 2025 − 729 cÉwZ eMÆ wg. ivÕ¦v evavB KiGZ LiP nq 100 UvKv
ev, OA2 = 1296  4790.94 ” ” ” ” ” ” (4790.94  100) ”
 OA = 36 = 479094 UvKv (Ans.)
 iÁ¼Gmi Aci KYÆ AC = 2.OA [‹ O, AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y] cÉk²vbymvGi,
= 2  36 wgUvi = 72 wgUvi eMÆvKvi gvGVi ˆÞòdj = ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = 4790.94 eMÆ wg.
1  ” ” evüi Š`NÆÅ = 4790.94 wg. = 69.22 wg.
‰es iÁ¼Gmi ˆÞòdj = 2  BD  AC
” ” cwimxgv = (4  69.22) wg. = 276.88 wgUvi
[iÁ¼Gmi
1
ˆÞòdj = 2  iÁ¼Gmi KYÆ«¼Gqi àYdj] ‰LvGb,
1
cÉwZ wgUvi êov w`GZ LiP nq 7.50 UvKv
=  54  72
2
eMÆwgUvi = 1944 eMÆwgUvi  276.88 ” ” ” ” ” (276.88  7.50) UvKv
iÁ¼Gmi Aci KYÆ 72 wgUvi ‰es ˆÞòdj 1944 eMÆwgUvi| (Ans.) = 2076.6 UvKv (Ans.)
cÉk²  73 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 cÉk²  74 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8

‰KwU e†îvKvi evMvGbi eÅvm 300 wg.| evMvGbi mxgvbv ˆNuGl evBGii w`GK ‰KwU mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZwU evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 3
5 wg. PIov ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ| cÉwZ eMÆ. wg. ivÕ¦v euvavB KiGZ LiP nq eMÆwgUvi êGo hvq|
100 UvKv ‰es cÉwZ wg. êov w`GZ LiP nq 7.50 UvKv| K. wòfzRwU Aâb Ki ‰es ‰i ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi mƒòwU wjL| 2
K. cÉ`î ZG^Åi AvbycvwZK wPò AuvK ‰es evMvGbi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq L. wòfz R wUi evüi Š`NÆ Å wbYÆ q Ki| 4
Ki| 2 M. wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ KZ wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 7 3
L. evMvGbi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki ‰es ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvGe? 4
M. ivÕ¦vwU euvavB KiGZ KZ LiP jvMGe? ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdGji mgvb 74 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
ˆÞòdjwewkÓ¡ eMÆvKvi gvGVi PvicvGk êov w`GZ KZ LiP K awi, mgevü wòfzGRi cÉwZwU evüi Š`NÆÅ a wgUvi|

jvMGe? 4
73 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb a wg.
a wg.
K
a wg.
3
 mgevü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ wgUvi|
5wg. L gGbKwi, mgevü wòfzRwUi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ = a wg.

3
 ‰i ˆÞòdj = 4 a2 eMÆ wg.
300 wg.
wòfzRwUi cÉGZÅK evüi Š`NÆÅ 1 wgUvi evovGj wòfzRwUi ˆÞòdj
3
= (a + 1)2 eMÆ wg.
4
3 3 ABC mgGKvYx wòfzR nGZ cvB,
cÉk²gGZ, 4 (a + 1)2  4 a2 = 3 A D
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 O
4 4
ev, (a + 1)2  a2 = 3  [ «¼viv àY KGi] = 302 + 352
3 3
= 900 + 1225
ev, (a + 1 + a) (a + 1  a) = 4 B C
ev, AC2 = 2125
ev, (2a + 1) = 4
 AC = 2125 = 46.1 wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, 2a = 4  1 1 1
3  OA = AC =  46.1 wgUvi = 23.05 wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, a = 2  a = 1.5 wgUvi 2 2
 cwie†Gîi ˆÞòdj =   (OA)2 eMÆ ‰KK
 wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 1.5 wgUvi| (Ans.) = 3.1416  (23.05)2 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
M ‘L’ ˆ^GK cvB, wòfzRwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ 1.5 wgUvi|
 = 3.1416  531.30 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
awi, evüi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi evovGj ‰i ˆÞòdj 7 3 eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvq| = 1669.13 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
3 3  AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj
 cÉk²gGZ, 4 (x + 1.5)2  4  1.52 = 7 3
= cwie†Gîi ˆÞòdj @ AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdj
7 34 4 = (1669.13 – 1050) eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)
ev, (x + 1.5)2  1.52 =
3 [ 3
«¼viv àY KGi ] = 619.13 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.)
ev, x + 3x + 1.5  1.5 = 28
2 2 2
ev, x2 + 3x  28 = 0 cÉk²  76 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8

ev, x2 + 7x  4x  28 = 0 Awfi evwoi mvgGb ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvb AvGQ hvi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi
ev, x(x + 7)  4(x + 7) = 0 ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi| evMvbwUi gvSLvGb mgvb cvowewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cyKzi
ev, (x + 7)(x  4) = 0 Lbb Kiv nGjv hvi ˆÞòdj evMvGbi ˆÞòdGji ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk| cyKzGii
 x =  7 Aêv, x = 4 cwimxgv ‰KwU eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi cwimxgvi mgvb|
Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| K. evMvGbi ˆÞòdj KZ ‰qi? 2
 evüi Š`NÆÅ 4 wgUvi evovGj ˆÞòdj 7 3 eMÆwgUvi e†w«¬ cvq| (Ans.) L. cyKziwUi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. cÉwZwU 50 ˆm.wg. eMÆvKvi cvî w`Gq eMÆGÞòwU euvaGZ ˆgvU
KZwU cvî jvMGe? 4
‰KwU AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdj 1050 eMÆwgUvi| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 5 wgUvi Kg 76 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
nZ ZvnGj ‰wU eMÆGÞò nZ| K ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi

K. Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© y wgUvi aGi `ywU cÉGqvRbxq mgxKiY ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi
MVb Ki| 2  evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (60  40) eMÆ wgUvi
L. AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ I cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 2400 eMÆ wgUvi
M. AvqZGÞòwUi cwie†Gîi AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 2400
= ‰qi [‹ 1 ‰qi = 100 eMÆ wg.]
K awi, AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ x wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© y wgUvi
 = 24 ‰qi (Ans.)
60 wgUvi
1g kZÆvbymvGi, xy = 1050 L

2q kZÆvbymvGi, y = x – 5 x
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,


xy = 1050 .............(i) x
x
‰es y = x – 5..........(ii) 40 wgUvi
y ‰i gvb (i) bs mgxKiGY ewmGq cvB,
x(x – 5) = 1050
x
ev, x2 – 5x – 1050 = 0
ev, x2 – 35x + 30x – 1050 = 0
ev, x(x – 35) + 30(x – 35) = 0 ˆÌqv AvGQ, evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 60 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 40 wgUvi
ev, (x – 35) (x + 30) = 0 gGb Kwi, cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi x wgUvi|
 x – 35 = 0 Aêv, x + 30 = 0 ZvnGj, cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (60  2  x) wgUvi ev (60  2x) wgUvi
 x = 35  x = –30
‰es cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (40  2  x) wgUvi ev (40  2x) wgUvi
Bnv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
 cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = (60  2x)  (40  2x) eMÆ wgUvi
x ‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq cvB,
y = 35 – 5 = 30 = (2400  80x  120x + 4x2) eMÆ wgUvi
 AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ 35 wgUvi I cÉÕ© 30 wgUvi| (Ans.) = (4x2  200x + 2400) eMÆ wgUvi
ˆÌqv AvGQ, cyKzGii ˆÞòdj evMvGbi ˆÞòdGji ‰K Z‡Zxqvsk|
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
 2400
AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = AD = BC = 35 wgUvi  cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = 3 eMÆ wgUvi [‘K’ ˆ^GK]
‰es AvqZGÞGòi cÉÕ© = AB = CD = 30 wgUvi = 800 eMÆ wgUvi
cÉk²gGZ, 4x2  200x + 2400 = 800 wK¯§ Š`NÆÅ FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv|
ev, 4x2  200x + 2400  800 = 0  AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ = 16 wg.
ev, 4x2  200x + 1600 = 0  cÉÕ© = 16  6 = 10 wg.
ev, x2  50x + 400 = 0 KYÆ = 162 + 102 wg. = 2 89 wg.
ev, x2  40x  10x + 400 = 0 = 18.87 wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
ev, x(x  40)  10(x  40) = 0
M AvqZGÞòwUGK e†nîi evüi PZzw`ÆGK NyivGj Drc®² wmwj´£vGii

ev, (x  40)(x  10) = 0
eÅvmvaÆ, r = 10 wg. I DœPZv, h = 16 wg.
ev, x  40 = 0 Aêv, x  10 = 0
 x = 40 x = 10  mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = 2r (r + h) eMÆ ‰KK
wK¯§ x = 40 MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi cÉGÕ©i = 2  3.1416  10 (10 + 16) eMÆ wg.
mgvb ev cÉÕ© AGcÞv êwk nGZ cvGi bv| = 1633.632 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
 cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ = (60  2  10) wgUvi ‰es AvqZb = r h Nb ‰KK
2
= (60  20) wgUvi = 3.1416  102  16 Nb wg.

= 40 wgUvi (Ans.) = 5026.56 Nb wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
‰es cyKzGii cÉÕ© = (40  2  10) wgUvi
= (40  20) wgUvi cÉk²  78 XvKv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 8
= 20 wgUvi (Ans.)
‰KwU KvMGRi UzKivi Š`NÆÅ 30 ˆm.wg. ‰es cÉÕ©
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
 18 ˆm.wg.| ‰ KvMR w`Gq 18 ˆm.wg. DœPZv wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU e†n`vKvi
cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ 40 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 20 wgUvi|
wmwj´£vi ŠZwi Kiv nGjv|
 cyKzGii cwimxgv = 2(40 + 20) wgUvi
K. wmwj´£vGii f„wgi eÅvmvaÆ wbYÆq Ki| 2
= 2.60 wgUvi
L. wmwj´£vGii AvqZb I eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
= 120 wgUvi
M. KvMGRi UzKivwUGK e†nîi evüi Pvwiw`GK NyivGbv nGj Drc®²
 eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi cwimxgv = 120 wgUvi
120 NbeÕ§i AvqZb I mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
 eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ = 4 wgUvi ev 30 wgUvi 78 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 eMÆvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj = (30)2 eMÆ wgUvi = 900 eMÆ wgUvi K KvMGRi c†Ó¤ZGji ˆÞòdj = wmwj´£vGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj
50
eMÆvKvi cv^Gii evüi Š`NÆÅ = 50 ˆm.wg. = 100 wgUvi = 0.5 wgUvi ev, Š`NÆÅ  cÉÕ© = 2  eÅvmvaÆ  DœPZv
ev, 30  18 = 2  r  18
 eMÆvKvi cv^Gii ˆÞòdj = (0.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi = 0.25 eMÆ wgUvi
30
900
 cv^Gii cÉGqvRb = 0.25 wU = 3600 wU| (Ans.) ev, r = 2 = 4.77 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
 r = 4.77 ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉk²  77 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 8 L Avgiv Rvwb, wmwj´£vGii AvqZb,

2
‰KwU AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ˆÞòdj 160 eMÆ wg.| hw` ‰i Š`NÆÅ 6 wgUvi Kg nq =   eÅvmvaÆ  DœPZv
ZGe ˆÞòwU eMÆvKvi nq| =   (4.77)2  18
K. AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi Š`NÆÅGK x ‰es cÉÕ©GK y wgUvi aGi `yBwU = 1286.649Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
mgxKiY MVb Ki| 2 1287 Nb ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
L. AvqZvKvi ˆÞGòi ‰KwU KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4 wmwj´£vGii eKÌZGji ˆÞòdj
M. AvqZvKvi ˆÞòwUGK e†nîi evüi Pviw`GK ˆNvivGj ˆh NbeÕ§ = 2  eÅvmvaÆ  DœPZv
Drc®² nq Zvi mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj I AvqZb wbYÆq Ki| 4 = 2  4.77  18
77 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb = 539.48 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
K ‰LvGb, AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ x wg. I cÉÕ© y wg.
  540 eMÆ ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉ^g kZÆgGZ, M KvMGRi UzKivwUGK e†nîi evüi Pvwiw`GK ˆNvivGbv nGj wmwj´£vi

xy = 160 ............... (i)
Drc®² nq hvi DœPZv = KvMGRi Š`NÆÅ = 30 ˆm.wg. I eÅvmvaÆ =
2q kZÆgGZ,
KvMGRi cÉÕ© = 18 ˆm.wg.|
x  6 = y ............. (ii) (Ans.)
2
L ‘K’ ‰i (i) I (ii) bs mgxKiY nGZ cvB,
  myZivs Drc®² NbeÕ§i AvqZb =   eÅvmvaÆ  DœPZv
x(x  6) = 160 = 3.1416  182  30
ev, x2  6x  160 = 0 = 30536.352 Nb
ˆm.wg. (cÉvq)
ev, x2 – 16x + 10x – 160 = 0 mgMÉZGji ˆÞòdj = 2  eÅvmvaÆ (eÅvmvaÆ + DœPZv)
ev, x(x – 16) + 10(x – 16) = 0 = 2r (r + h)
ev, (x – 16)(x + 10) = 0 = 2  18  (18 + 30)
nq x – 16 = 0 Aêv, x + 10 = 0 = 2  3.1416  18  48
A^Ævr, x = 16 Aêv, x =  10 = 5,428.68 e. ˆm.wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
cÉk²  79 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 8 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

DcGivÚ wPGò AvqZGÞòwU «¼viv AvqZvKvi evMvbwUi cÉÕ© = 20 wg.
12 wg.
e†îGÞGòi AbwaK‡Z AsGk Nvm  Š`NÆÅ = 3x = 3  10 = 30 wg.
jvMvGZ cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi LiP nq 9 wg.  evMvbwUi cwimxgv = 2(Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK
45 UvKv| = 2(30 + 20) wg. = 100 wg.
cÉk²vbymvGi, eMÆvKvi KGÞi cwimxgv = 100 wg.
K. AvqZGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2  KÞwUi cÉwZ cvGki Š`NÆÅ = 100 4
ev, 25 wg.
L. e†îGÞGòi cwiwa wbYÆq Ki| 4
 eMÆvKvi KÞwUi ˆÞòdj = (25)2 eMÆ wg. = 625 eMÆ wg. (Ans.)
M. AbwaK‡Z AsGk Nvm jvMvGZ ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP nGe Zv wbYÆq
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB,
Ki| 4
eMÆvKvi KÞwUi ˆÞòdj = 625 eMÆ wg.
‰LvGb, eMÆvKvi cv^Gii cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ = 25 ˆm.wg. = 0.25 wg.
K ‰LvGb, AvqZGÞòwUi Š`NÆÅ = 12 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© = 9 wgUvi

 eMÆvKvi cv^Gii ˆÞòdj = (0.25)2 eMÆ wg. = 0.0625 eMÆ wg.
 AvqZGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = (Š`NÆÅ  cÉÕ©) eMÆ ‰KK
 KÞwU cvî w`Gq ˆgvovGZ cÉGqvRbxq cv^Gii
= (12  9) eMÆ wgUvi 625
= 108 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.) msLÅv = 0.0625 wU = 10000 wU
L ‰LvGb, AvqZGÞGòi Š`NÆÅ 12 wgUvi I cÉÕ© 9 wgUvi|
 ‰Lb,
 AvqZGÞòwUi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (12) + (9) wgUvi
2 2
cÉwZwU cv^Gii gƒjÅ 15.50 UvKv nGj ˆgvU LiP = (1000015.50) UvKv
= 144 + 81 wgUvi = 155000 UvKv (Ans.)
= 225 wgUvi = 15 wgUvi
myZivs DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi, e†îGÞòwUi eÅvm = 15 wgUvi cÉk²  81 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 8
15 bvGUvi Dîiv MYfeGbi ˆfZi ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 60 wg.
 eÅvmvaÆ r = 2 ev, 7.5 wgUvi
‰es cÉÕ© 40 wg.| evMvGbi ˆfZi mgvb cvowewkÓ¡ ‰KwU cyKzi AvGQ|
 e†îGÞòwUi cwiwa = 2r ‰KK cyKzGii ˆÞòdj evMvGbi ˆÞòdGji ‰K-Z‡Zxqvsk|
= (2  3.1416  7.5) wgUvi K. evMvGbi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2
= 47.124 wgUvi (Ans.) L. cyKzGii cwimxgv wbYÆq Ki| 4
M ‘K’ nGZ cvB, AvqZGÞGòi ˆÞòdj = 108 eMÆ wgUvi
 M. cyKzGii cwimxgvi mgvb cwimxgv wewkÓ¡ ‰KwU eMÆGÞGòi
‘L’ nGZ cvB, e†îwUi eÅvmvaÆ r = 7.5 wgUvi ˆgGS 30 ˆm.wg. eMÆvKvi Uvjx w`Gq euvaGZ ˆgvU KZwU Uvjx
 e†îGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = r2 eMÆ ‰KK jvMGe? 4
= 3.1416  (7.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi 81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
= 176.715 eMÆ wgUvi
K AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ, x = 60 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© y = 40 wgUvi

 AbwaK‡Z AsGki ˆÞòdj = (176.715  108) eMÆ wgUvi evMvGbi KYÆ a nGj
= 68.715 eMÆ wgUvi 60 wg.
cx^vGMvivGmi Dccv`Å ˆ^GK,
‰Lb, cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi Nvm jvMvGZ 45 UvKv LiP nGj AbwaK‡Z AsGk a2 = x2 + y2
Nvm jvMvGZ ˆgvU LiP = (68.715  45) UvKv ev, a = x2 + y2 cyKzi 40 wg.
= 3092.18 UvKv (cÉvq) (Ans.) = 602 + 402
cÉk²  80 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 8 = 72.11 wg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)
i‚wgi evwoi mvgGb ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvb AvGQ hvi Š`NÆÅ I cÉGÕ©i L evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = 60  40 eMÆ wgUvi = 2400 eMÆ wgUvi
AbycvZ 3 t 2 ‰es ˆÞòdj 600 eMÆwgUvi| evMvbwUi cwimxgv ‰KwU 1
 cyKzGii ˆÞòdj = 3  2400 eMÆ wgUvi = 800 eMÆ wgUvi
eMÆvKvi KGÞi cwimxgvi mgvb| cÉwZwU 25 ˆm.wg. eMÆvKvi cvî w`Gq
KÞwU ˆgvovGZ nGe| cÉwZwU cv^Gii gƒjÅ 15.50 UvKv| ‰Lb cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi b nGj,
K. i‚wgi evMvGbi cÉÕ© wbYÆq Ki| 2 cyKzGii Š`NÆÅ nGe = (60  2b) wgUvi
L. KÞwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4 cyKzGii cÉÕ© nGe = (40  2b) wgUvi
M. mÁ·ƒYÆ KÞwU cvî w`Gq ˆgvovGZ ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP nGe? 4 kZÆgGZ, (60  2b) (40  2b) = 800
80 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ev, 2400  120b  80b + 4b2 = 800
K ˆÌqv AvGQ,
 ev, 2400  200b + 4b2  800 = 0
AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ I cÉGÕ©i AbycvZ 3 t 2 ev, 4b2  200b + 1600 = 0
awi, AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 3x wg. ev, b2  50b + 400 = 0
‰es cÉÕ© 2x wg. ev, b2  40b  10b + 400 = 0
 evMvbwUi ˆÞòdj = (3x  2x) = 6x2 eMÆ wg. ev, b(b  40)  10(b  40) = 0
cÉk²gGZ, 6x = 600
2 ev, (b  40) (b  10) = 0
600 nq, b  40 = 0 Aêv, b  10 = 0
ev, x2 = 6 ev, b = 40 ev, b = 10
ev, x2 = 100 [Bnv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq| KviY cyKzGii cvGoi weÕ¦vi cyKzGii cÉGÕ©i
 x = 10 mgvb nGZ cvGi bv]
 i‚wgi evMvGbi cÉÕ© = 2x = 2  10 = 20 wg. (Ans.)  cvGoi weÕ¦vi 10 wgUvi
 cyKzGii cwimxgv = 2(60  2b + 40  2b) wgUvi cÉk²  83 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 8
= 2(100  4b) wgUvi ‰KwU eMÆvKvi Rwg I ‰KwU AvqZvKvi Rwgi cwimxgv mgvb| AvqZvKvi
= 2(100  4  10) wgUvi Rwgi Š`NÆÅ cÉGÕ©i PviàY| eMÆvKvi Rwgi wfZi w`Gq Š`NÆÅ eivei 4
= 2  60 wgUvi = 120 wgUvi (Ans.) wgUvi PIov ‰KwU ivÕ¦v AvGQ| ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj 624 eMÆwgUvi| cÉwZ
M awi, eMÆGÞGòi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ m wgUvi
 eMÆwgUvi RwgGZ MvQ jvMvGbvi LiP 250 UvKv|
cyKGii cwimxgv = m Š`GNÆÅi evüwewkÓ¡ eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv K. wPwn×Z wPòmn mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆGqi mƒò ˆjL| 2
ev, 120 = 4m L. ivÕ¦vevG` eMÆvKvi Rwgi wfZGii ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
ev, m = 30 wgUvi M. AvqZvKvi RwgGZ MvQ jvMvGZ ˆgvU KZ UvKv LiP nGe? 4
 eMÆGÞGòi ˆÞòdj = m2 = 302 = 900 eMÆ wgUvi A
K ABC-‰i AB = AC.
30 ˆm.wg. ev 0.3 wgUvi eMÆvKvi Uvjxi ˆÞòdj = (0.3)2 eMÆ wgUvi
myZivs ABC-mgw«¼evü wòfzR| a
= 0.09 eMÆ wgUvi a
hvi AB = AC = a I BC = b
900
 ˆgvU Uvjxi cÉGqvRb = 0.09 = 10,000wU (Ans.)  mgw«¼evü ABC-‰i ˆÞòdj
b B b C
= 4a2  b2 eMÆ ‰KK|
4
ˆhLvGb b = f„wg ‰es a = mgvb mgvb evü|
‰KwU eMÆGÞGòi cwimxgv ‰KwU AvqZGÞGòi cwimxgvi mgvb|
L awi, ABCD eMÆvKvi Rwg D C
AvqZGÞòwUi Š`NÆÅ, cÉGÕ©i w«¼àY ‰es ˆÞòdj 968 eMÆwgUvi nGj 
hvi evüi Š`NÆÅ x wg.
K. AvqZGÞòwUi cwimxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2
myZivs ivÕ¦vi Š`NÆÅ nGe x wg. 4 wg.
L. eMÆGÞòwUi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 4
I cÉÕ© 4 wg.
M. 25 ˆm.wg. eMÆvKvi cvî w`Gq eMÆGÞòwU euvavBGZ ˆgvU KZwU
cÉk²gGZ, ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = 624 e.wg.
cvî jvMGe? 4 ev, 4  x = 624 A x B
ev, x = 4
K gGb Kwi,

AvqZGÞòwUi cÉÕ© = x wgUvi ev, x = 156
 Š`NÆÅ = 2x wgUvi  eGMÆi ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ 156 wg.
eMÆvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = 1562 e.wg. = 24,336 e.wg.
 ˆÞòdj = 2x  x = 2x2 eMÆ wgUvi
ivÕ¦vevG` evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = (24336  624) e.wg.
cÉk²gGZ, 2x2 = 968
= 23,712 e.wg. (Ans.)
968
ev, x2 = 2
M ‘L’ nGZ eMÆvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = 156 wg.
ev, x2 = 484  eMÆvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv = 4  156 wg. = 624 wg.
 x = 22 awi, AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cÉÕ© x wg.
 AvqZGÞòwUi cÉÕ© 22 wgUvi ‰es Š`NÆÅ (2  22) ev, 44 wgUvi ,, ,, Š`NÆÅ 4x wg.
 AvqZGÞòwUi cwimxgv = 2(Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK cÉk²gGZ, AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv = eMÆvKvi evMvGbi cwimxgv
= 2(44 + 22) wgUvi ev, 2(x + 4x) = 624
= (2  66) wgUvi ev, 2  5x = 624
= 132 wgUvi (Ans.) ev, 10x = 624
L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,
 ev, x = 62.4 wg.
AvqZGÞòwUi cwimxgv = 132 wgUvi  cÉÕ© = 62.4 wg.
 eMÆGÞòwUi cwimxgv = 132 wgUvi [cÉk²gGZ] Š`NÆÅ = (62.4  4) = 249.6 wg.
132 AvqZvKvi Rwgi ˆÞòdj = (249.6  62.4) e.wg.
 eMÆGÞGòi evüi Š`NÆÅ, a = 4 ev, 33 wgUvi
= 15575.04 e.wg.
 eMÆGÞòwUi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = a 2 ‰KK cÉwZ eMÆwgUvGi MvQ jvMvGZ 250 UvKv LiP nGj,
= 33 2 wgUvi ˆgvU LiP = (15575.04  250) UvKv
= 46.67 wgUvi (cÉvq) (Ans.) = 38, 93, 760 UvKv| (Ans.)
M ‘L’ nGZ cvB, eMÆGÞòwUi evüi Š`NÆÅ a = 33 wgUvi

 eMÆGÞòwUi ˆÞòdj = a2 eMÆ ‰KK
= (33)2 eMÆ wgUvi ‰KwU AvqZvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj 300 eMÆwgUvi| hw` evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ
= 1089 eMÆ wgUvi 13 wgUvi Kg nq, ZvnGj evMvbwU eMÆvKvi nq|
Avevi, cv^Gii ‰K evüi Š`NÆÅ = 25 ˆm.wg. = 0.25 wgUvi K. AvqZGÞGòi cwimxgv I KGYÆi Š`GNÆÅi mƒò wjL| 2
 ‰KwU cv^Gii ˆÞòdj = (0.25) eMÆ wgUvi = 0.0625 eMÆ wgUvi
2 L. evMvGbi Š`NÆ Å I cÉ
Õ © wbYÆ q Ki| 4
1089 M. eMÆvKvi evMvGbi evBGi Pviw`GK 1 wgUvi PIov ‰KwU ivÕ¦v
 cÉGqvRbxq cv^Gii msLÅv = 0.0625 wU = 17424wU (Ans.) AvGQ| ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
84 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. AvqZvKvi NiwUi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 2
K AvqZGÞGòi cwimxgv = 2 (Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK
 L. ˆgGSGZ UvBjm jvMvGZ KZ LiP nGe wbYÆq Ki| 4
AvqZGÞGòi KGYÆi Š`NÆÅ = (Š`NÆÅ)2 + (cÉÕ©)2 ‰KK M. 7wU mylg cÂfzGRi cwimxgv AvqZvKvi NiwUi cwimxgvi
L gGbKwi, AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = x wg.
 mgvb nGj mylg cÂfzGRi ˆÞòdj wbYÆq Ki| 4
AvqZvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆ = y wg. 85 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
 AvqZvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = xy eMÆ wg. K ‰LvGb, AvqZvKvi NiwUi Š`NÆÅ = 40 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© = 30 wgUvi

1g kZÆgGZ, xy = 300 ............ (i)  AvqZvKvi NiwUi ˆÞòdj = (40  30) eMÆ wgUvi
2q kZÆgGZ, y = x  13 .......... (ii) = 1200 eMÆ wgUvi (Ans.)
(i) bs ˆ^GK,
xy = 300 L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

ev, x(x  13) = 300 [(ii) bs eÅenvi KGi] AvqZvKvi NGii ˆÞòdj = 1200 eMÆ wgUvi
ev, x2  13x = 300 ‰Lb, eMÆvKvi UvBjGmi evüi Š`NÆÅ = 50 ˆm.wg. = 0.5 wgUvi
ev, x2  13x  300 = 0  eMÆvKvi UvBjGmi ˆÞòdj = (0.5)2 eMÆ wgUvi
ev, x2  25x + 12x  300 = 0 = 0.25 eMÆ wgUvi
ev, x(x  25) + 12 (x  25) = 0  AvqZvKvi NGii ˆgGSGZ cÉGqvRbxq UvBjGmi msLÅv
 (x  25) (x + 12) = 0 1200
nq, x  25 = 0 Aêv, x + 12 = 0 =
0.25
ev 4800wU
 x = 25  x =  12 Avevi, cÉwZwU UvBjGmi gƒjÅ 65 UvKv nGj LiP nGe
Bnv MÉnYGhvMÅ bq KviY Š`NÆÅ = (4800  65) UvKv
FYvñK nGZ cvGi bv| = 312000 UvKv (Ans.)
x‰i gvb (ii) bs ‰ ewmGq, M ˆÌqv AvGQ,

y = 25  13 = 12 wg.
AvqZvKvi NGii Š`NÆÅ = 40 wgUvi I cÉÕ© = 30 wgUvi
 evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ 25 wg.
 NiwUi cwimxgv = 2(Š`NÆÅ + cÉÕ©) ‰KK
‰es evMvGbi cÉÕ© 12 wg. (Ans.)
= 2(40 + 30) wgUvi = 140 wgUvi
M eMÆvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = AvqZvKvi evMvGbi cÉÕ© = 12 wg.  cÉk²vbymvGi, 7wU mylg cçfzGRi cwimxgv = 140 wgUvi
 eMÆvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = 122 eMÆ wg. = 144 eMÆ wg. 140
 1wU mylg cçfzGRi cwimxgv = 7 wgUvi = 20 wgUvi
ivÕ¦vmn eMÆvKvi evMvGbi Š`NÆÅ = (12 + 2  1) wg.
= (12 + 2) wg. 20
 mylg cçfzGRi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅ = 5 ev, 4 wgUvi
= 14 wg.
na2 180
ivÕ¦vmn eMÆvKvi evMvGbi ˆÞòdj = 142 eMÆ wg. = 196 eMÆ wg. Avgiv Rvwb, mylg eüfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 cot n eMÆ ‰KK
 ivÕ¦vi ˆÞòdj = (196  144) = 52 eMÆ wg. (Ans.) 5.(4)2 180
 mylg cçfzGRi ˆÞòdj = 4 cot 5 eMÆ wgUvi
‰KwU AvqZvKvi NGii Š`NÆÅ 40 wgUvi ‰es cÉÕ© 30 wgUvi| 50 ˆm.wg. = 20  cot36 eMÆ wgUvi
Š`NÆÅwewkÓ¡ eMÆvKvi UvBjGmi «¼viv NGii ˆgGS ŠZwi Kiv nGjv| cÉwZwU = 20  1.376 eMÆ wgUvi
UvBjGmi gƒjÅ 65 UvKv| = 27.53 eMÆ wgUvi (cÉvq)(Ans.)

AaÅvq-17: cwimsLÅvb
cÉk²  72 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2022  cÉk² bs 11 aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 18.5 chÆ¯¦
`kg ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi imvqb welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
Y
wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv: 20
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 24-33 34-43 44-53 54-63 64-73 74-83 84-93
MYmsLÅv 6 9 11 17 8 5 4
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi cƒGeÆi ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2 15
L. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
 MYmsLÅv
M. weeiYmn cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
K mviwY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq (54 – 63) ˆkÉwYGZ MYmsLÅv 17 hv
meÆvwaK|
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (54 – 63)
5
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi cƒGeÆi ˆkÉwY (44 – 53)
44 +53 97
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi cƒGeÆi ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = = = 48.5 (Ans.)
2 2
L gaÅK wbYÆGqi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY:
 0
18.5 28.5 38.5 48.5 58.5 68.5 78.5 88.5 X
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
2433 6 6  ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
3443 9 15 wPò: MYmsLÅv eüfzR
4453 11 26
5463 17 43 cÉk²  73 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2022  cÉk² bs 10
6473 8 51
7483 5 56 ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi 70 bÁ¼Gii mvgwqKx cixÞvi cÉvµ¦
8493 4 60 bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
n = 60 cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
n 60
‰LvGb, n = 60  2 = 2 = 30 MYmsLÅv 8 12 15 18 7
A^Ævr, gaÅK nGjv 30 Zg cGì gvb| 30Zg cGì AeÕ©vb K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2
nGe (54 – 63) ˆkÉwYGZ| myZivs gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGe (54 – 63). L. cÉ `î mviwY nGZ mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆ
q Ki| 4
myZivs, L = 54, Fc = 26, fm = 17, h = 10 M. mswÞµ¦ eYÆbvmn cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv Aâb Ki| 4
 gaÅK = L + ( n
2 )
 Fc 
h
fm K ‰LvGb, cÉ`î mviwYGZ meÆvwaK MYmsLÅv 18 AvGQ
= 54 + (30  26) 
10 (51  60) ˆkÉwYGZ|  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (51  60)
17
51 + 60
40  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y = = 55.5 (Ans.)
= 54 + 2
17
= 56.35 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY:
 ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv, fi x a fiui
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv gaÅgvb, xi ui = i
h
24-33 28.5 6 21-30 25.5 8 2 16
34-43 38.5 9 31-40 35.5 12 1 12
44-53 48.5 11 41-50 15 0 0
45.5a
54-63 58.5 17
51-60 55.5 18 1 18
64-73 68.5 8
61-70 65.5 7 2 14
74-83 78.5 5
n = 60 fiui = 4
84-93 88.5 4
f u 4
 Mo, 
x = a + i i  h = 45.5 +  10 = 46.17 (cÉvq)
‰Lb, QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 2 n 60
‰KK aGi ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ 2 NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK (Ans.)
M AwRf îLv Aâb:
  Mo, 
f u 13
x = a + i i  h = 63 +  5
n 60
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
= 63 + 1.08333 = 64.08 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
21  30 8 8
31  40 12 20 M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY:

41  50 15 35 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
51  60 18 53 51  55 8 8
56  60 10 18
61  70 7 60
61  65 18 36
‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi 66  70 13 49
DœPmxgvi 2 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ 1 71  75 7 56
NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi 76  80 4 60
AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 20 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ ‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi
eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| DœPmxgvi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ
Y NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi
AwRf îLv Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 50 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv
AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
70 Y
 KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
0 20 30 40 50 60 X
 ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv 25
wPò: AwRf îLv
20
cÉk²  74 wmGjU êvWÆ-2022  cÉk² bs 10 15
`kg ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅvi mviwY 10

wbÁ²i…c:
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii ˆkÉwY 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 5
MYmsLÅv 8 10 18 13 7 4
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 X 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 X
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 Y
M. DcvGîi AwRf îLv Aâb Ki| 4  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv

74 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wPò: AwRf îLv
K cÉ`î mviwYGZ meÆvwaK MYmsLÅv 18 AvGQ (61  65) ˆkÉwYGZ|
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (61  65) cÉk²  75 hGkvi êvWÆ-2022  cÉk² bs 10
 cÉPyiK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb =
61 + 65 126
= = 63 (Ans.) wbGÁ² ‰KwU mviwY ˆ`qv nj:
2 2
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
MYmsLÅv 4 10 18 23 13 9 3
ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv, fi u = xi  a fiui K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwY ˆKvbwU? cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2
gaÅwe±`y, xi i
h L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
51  55 53 8 2 16 M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki (eYÆbvmn)| 4
56  60 58 10 1 10
61  65 63a 18 0 0
66  70 68 13 1 13 K cÉ`î mviwYGZ meÆvwaK MYmsLÅv 23 AvGQ (61  70) ˆkÉwYGZ|
71  75 73 7 2 14  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (61  70) (Ans.)
76  80 78 4 3 12 61 + 70
n = 60 fiui = 13  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y = = 65.5 (Ans.)
2
ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ K gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:

MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ xi  a iui
gaÅgvb, xi i ui =
h cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
31-40 35.5 4 3 12 30 3 3
41-50 45.5 10 2 20 35 4 7
51-60 55.5 18 1 18 40 4 11
61-70 65.5 a 23 0 0 45 6 17
71-80 75.5 13 1 13 60 4 21
81-90 85.5 9 2 18
n = 21
91-100 95.5 3 3 9
n = 80 iui = 10 ‰LvGb, ˆgvU MYmsLÅv, n = 21 hv weGRvo|
 Mo, x̄ = a +
iui
 h = 65.5 +
10
 10 = 64.25 (Ans.)  gaÅK nGjv n + 1 = 21 + 1 = 11 Zg cGì gvb = 40
n 80 2 2
  wbGYÆq gaÅK 40. (Ans.)
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv L

31-40 35.5 4
avc
41-50 45.5 10 ˆkÉwY
51-60 55.5 18 MYmsLÅv wePzÅwZ
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb iui
61-70 65.5 23 i x a
71-80 75.5 13 xi ui = i
h
81-90 85.5 9
5155 53 4 3  12
91-100 95.5 3
‰Lb, QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 1 5660 58 6 2  12
‰KK aGi ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ 2 NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 6165 63 15 1  15
‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 6670 68a 20 0 0
25.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 7175 73 10 1 10
Y 7680 78 3 2 6
25
8185 83 2 3 6
n = 60 iui =
20
17
 MYmsLÅv
iui
 Mo, 
15
x=a+ h
n
10  17
= 68 + 5
60
5 = 66.583 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
0
M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY :

X
25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5 105.5
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
wPò: MYmsLÅv eüfzR 5155 4 4
5660 6 10
6165 15 25
6670 20 45
wbGP 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
7175 10 55
ˆÌqv nGjv:
7680 3 58
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 5155 5660 6165 6670 7175 7680 8185
8185 2 60
MYmsLÅv 4 6 15 20 10 3 2
‰Lb, QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi
K. cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i 30 35 40 45 60
DœPmxgvi 1 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ
MYmsLÅv 3 4 4 6 4
gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 2 MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvKv
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 nGjv| gyjwe±`y ˆ^GK 50 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn×
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv Aâb Ki| 4 eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|

ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ ui fiui
eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb, xi ƒi
=
xi  a
h
5155 53 6 2  12
5660 58 10 1  10
6165 63a 12 0 0
6670 68 9 1 9
7175 73 8 2 16
7680 78 5 3 15
ˆgvU n = 50 ∑fiui = 18
 ∑ ƒiui 18
 Mo, x = a +  h = 63 +  5 = 64.8 (Ans.)
n 50
M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY:

ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv ƒi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
5155 6 6
5660 10 16
6165 12 28
6670 9 37
7175 8 45
7680 5 50
‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi 1 NiGK 1 ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY
eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv ‰es Y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi 1 NiGK 1
‰KK aGi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi AwRfGiLv AuvKv nGjv| gƒj
we±`y nGZ 50 chÆ¯¦ AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
Y
50
wPò: AwRf îLv
cÉk²  77 XvKv êvWÆ-2020  cÉk² bs 10 40

50 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 
ˆ`qv nGjv:
30
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 5155 5660 6165 6670 7175 7680
MYmsLÅv 6 10 12 9 8 5
K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cGii ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2 20

L. cÉ`î mviwY nGZ mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. weeiYmn DcvGîi AwRfGiLv Aâb Ki| 4
10
K KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY:

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 X
5155 6 6
5660 10 16 ˆkÉYx eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv 
6165 12 28 wPò: AwRf îLv
6670 9 37 cÉk² 78 gqgbwmsn êvWÆ-2020  cÉk² bs 11
7175 8 45 `kg ˆkÉ w Yi 48 Rb wkÞv^xÆ i c`v^ÆweævGb cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv
7680 5 50 wbGekb mviwY wbÁ² i … c :
‰LvGb MYmsLÅv, n = 50 bÁ¼i 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99
wkÞv^xÆi
AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 25 Zg cGì gvb| 25 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb msLÅv
4 6 8 13 10 7
(61  65) ˆkÉwYGZ| K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2

 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cGii ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y =
66 + 70
= 68 (Ans.)
L. cÉ `î mviwY nGZ gaÅK wbYÆ q Ki| 4
2
M. eYÆbvmn mviwYi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
K cÉ`î mviwYGZ meÆvwaK MYmsLÅv 13 AvGQ (70-79) ˆkÉwYGZ|
 K cË`î MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwYGZ meGPGq êwk MYmsLÅv 13

 cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (70-79) hv (65  69) ˆkÉwYGZ AewÕ©Z|
70 + 79
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y = = 74.5 (Ans.)  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (65  69) ‰es ‰i gaÅgvb =
65 + 69
2 2
L gaÅK wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
 = 67 (Ans.)
bÁ¼i wkÞv^xÆi msLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

40-49 4 4
50-59 6 10 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv avc ƒiui
60-69 8 18 gaÅgvb, xi ƒi wePzÅwZ
70-79 13 31 xi  a
80-89 10 41 ui =
h
90-99 7 48
55-59 57 4 2 8
n 48
‰LvGb, n = 48  2 = 2 = 24 60-64 62 8 1 8
A^Ævr, gaÅK nGjv 24-Zg cGì gvb hv (70-79) ˆkÉwYGZ 65-69 67a 13 0 0
AewÕ©Z| 70-74 72 10 1 10
 gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (70-79)| 75-79 77 2 2 4
80-84 82 3 3 9
myZivs L = 70, Fc = 18, fm = 13, h = 10
n = 40 ƒiui = 7
n h
 gaÅK = L +
2 (
 Fc 
fm ) ƒ u
Mo, x = a + ni i  h = 67 + 40  5 = 67.875 (Ans.)

 7
10
= 70 + (24  18) 
13 M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY:

= 74.615 (cÉvq) (Ans.) ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
 55-59 4 4
bÁ¼i ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y wkÞv^xÆi msLÅv 60-64 8 12
40-49 44.5 4 65-69 13 25
50-59 54.5 6 70-74 10 35
60-69 64.5 8 75-79 2 37
70-79 74.5 13 80-84 3 40
80-89 84.5 10
90-99 94.5 7 ‰Lb, x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi
‰Lb QK KvMGR x-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 2 DœPmxgvi 1 ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ
‰KK aGi ‰es y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK wkÞv^Æx msLÅvi NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi
1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 54 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ
34.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
nGqGQ| Y
Y
40
 wkÞv^xÆi msLÅv
15 35
10 30
5 25
0 20
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 104.5 X
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 15
wPò : MYmsLÅv eüfzR
cÉk²  79 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2020  cÉk² bs 10 10
`kg ˆkÉwYi 40 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb
5
mviwY wbGP ˆÌqv nGjv:
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84
MYmsLÅv 4 8 13 10 2 3 0
59 64 69 74 79 84
54 X
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwY DGÍÏLcƒeÆK Bnvi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRfGiLv AuvK| 4 wPò: AwRf îLv
cÉk²  80 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ 2020  cÉk² bs 10 Y
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 10g ˆkÉwYi 70 Rb wkÞv^xÆi weævGb cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i 20
 MYmsLÅv
wbGÁ²i mviwYGZ ˆÌqv nGjv : 15
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75
10
MYmsLÅv 5 10 15 20 12 5 3
5
K. cÉPwjZ A^Æmn cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mƒòwU wjL| 2
L. mviwY ˆ^GK gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 0
38 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 78 X
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
80 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wPò : MYmsLÅv eüfzR
ƒ
K cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mƒò: cÉPziK = L + ƒ +1 ƒ  h

1 2
‰LvGb, L = ˆh ˆkÉwYGZ cÉPziK AewÕ©Z Zvi wbÁ²mxgv cÉk²  81 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2020  cÉk² bs 10
ƒ1 = cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv – cƒeÆeZxÆ ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv wbGP ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv :
ƒ2 = cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv – cieZxÆ ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65
h = ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6
L gaÅK wbYÆGqi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY:

 K. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
41-45 5 5 M. weeiYmn cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvK| 4
46-50 10 15 81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
51-55 15 30 K mviwY ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv hvq (48  53) ˆkÉwYGZ MYmsLÅv 25 hv meÆvwaK|
56-60 20 50  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (48  53)
61-65 12 62 48 + 53 101
66-70 5 67  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = = = 50.5 (Ans.)
2 2
71-75 3 70 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

n = 70 avc wePzÅwZ
n 70 ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv
‰LvGb, n = 70  2 =
2
= 35
eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb xi ƒi ui =
xi  a ƒiui
h
A^Ævr, gaÅK nGjv 35 Zg cGì gvb| 35 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb 3035 32.5 3 3 9
(56-60) ˆkÉwYGZ|  gaÅK ˆkÉwY (56-60) 3641 38.5 10 2 20
myZivs L = 56, Fc = 30, fm = 20, h = 5 4247 44.5 18 1 18
4853 50.5 a 25 0 0
 gaÅK = L + (n2  F )  fh
c
m 5459 56.5 8 1 8
5 6065 62.5 6 2 12
= 56 + (35  30) 
20 n = 70 ∑ƒiui =  27
1 fiui ( 27)
= 56 + 5 
4 Mo, x = a + n  h = 50.5 + 70  6

= 56 + 1.25
= 50.5  2.314 = 48.186 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
= 57.25 (Ans.)
M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY:

 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv 3035 3 3
41-45 43 5 3641 10 13
46-50 48 10 4247 18 31
51-55 53 15 25 56
4853
56-60 58 20
5459 8 64
61-65 63 12
6065 6 70
66-70 68 5
71-75 73 3 ‰Lb, x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ 5 NiGK ˆkÉwY
‰Lb QK KvMGR X- AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 1 eÅeavGbi DœPmxgvi 6 ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi
‰KK aGi ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK cÉwZ 1 NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î
aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 38 DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 29 chÆ¯¦
chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
Y L gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:

70 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
21-30 6 6
31-40 7 13
60
41-50 10 23
51-60 15 38
61-70 9 47
50
71-80 8 55
81-90 5 60
n = 60
40 n 60
‰LvGb, n = 60  =
2 2
= 30
‰es 30 Zg c`wU (51  60) ˆkÉwYGZ we`Ågvb|

30 AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (51  60)
 gaÅK = L + (n2  F )  fh c
m
‰LvGb, L = 51
20 10
= 51 + (30  23)  Fc = 23
15
70
= 51 + fm = 15
10 15
(cÉvq) (Ans.)
= 55.67 h = 10
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ mviwY:

0
29 35 41 47 53 59 65 X ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
21-30 25.5 6
 ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
wPò : AwRf îLv 31-40 35.5 7
41-50 45.5 10
cÉk²  82 wmGjU êvWÆ 2020  cÉk² bs 10 51-60 55.5 15
61-70 65.5 9
wbGP ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv :
71-80 75.5 8
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65
MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6 81-90 85.5 5
K. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 ‰Lb, QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 1 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ 2 NiGK
M. weeiYmn cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvK| 4 MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv|
82 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 15.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn×
m†Rbkxj 81 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ| eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
Y
cÉk²  83 ewikvj êvWÆ 2020  cÉk² bs 11 15
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi `kg ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^xÆGì MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii

MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
10
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90
 MYmsLÅv
MYmsLÅv 6 7 10 15 9 8 5
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2 5
L. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
K ‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP msLÅK MYmsLÅv 15 AvGQ (51-60) ˆkÉwYGZ| 15.5 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 X
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (51-60)  ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y

51 + 60
myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = 2 = 55.5 (Ans.) wPò : MYmsLÅv eüfzR
cÉk²  84 XvKv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 10 Y
ˆKvGbv ‰jvKvi 60 Rb gvbyGli eqGmi MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…c: 15
eqGmi ˆkÉwY (eQi)
MYmsLÅv 
10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59
MYmsLÅv 10 14 18 11 7 10
K. ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi DœPmxgv 65 ‰es gaÅgvb 62.5 nGj, H

5
ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 0
9.5 19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 X
M. weeiYmn cÉ`î DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb Ki| 4
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 
ˆkÉwYi DœPmxgv + ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wPò: AvqZGjL
K Avgiv Rvwb, ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb = 2
65 + ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv cÉk²  85 ivRkvnx êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 10
ev, 62.5 = 2
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi `kg ˆkÉwYGZ 50 Rb wkÞv^xÆi IRGbi (wKGjvMÉvg)
ev, 65 + ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 125
MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
 ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 125  65 = 60 (Ans.)
IRb (ˆKwR) 47-51 52-56 57-61 62-66 67-71 72-76
L gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:

MYmsLÅv 6 10 12 10 7 5
10-19 10 K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki|
10 2
20-29 14 L. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki|
24 4
30-39 18 M. weeiYmn MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆ^GK cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv
42
40-49 11 53 eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
50-59 7 60
n = 60
n 60
K cÉ`î mviwYGZ meGPGq êwk MYmsLÅv 12

‰LvGb, n = 60 ‰es =
2 2
= 30 hv (57  61) ˆkÉwYGZ we`Ågvb|
AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 30 Zg cGì gvb hvi AeÕ©vb (30 – 39)  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY nGjv (57  61)
ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (30-39)|  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb =
57 + 61
= 59 (Ans.)
2
‰LvGb, L = 30, Fc = 24, fm = 18, h = 10
n L gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:

 Fc
myZivs, gaÅK = L +
2
h
IRb (ˆKwR) MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
fm
47-51 6 6
30  24 52-56 10 16
= 30 +  10
18
57-61 12 28
60
= 30 + 62-66 10 38
18
67-71 7 45
= 33.33 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
72-76 5 50
M AvqZGjL AâGbi RbÅ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦mn mviwY:
 n = 50
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv ‰LvGb, n = 50
10-19 9.5-19.5 10 n 50
 = = 25
2 2
20-29 19.5-29.5 14
30-39 29.5-39.5 18 ‰es 25 Zg c`wU (57  61) ˆkÉwYGZ we`Ågvb|
40-49 39.5-49.5 11 AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (57  61)
50-59 49.5-59.5
‰Lb, QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK
7
 (n )
gaÅK = L + 2  Fc  f
m
h
‰LvGb, L = 57
5
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦i 2 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi = 57 + (25  16) 
12
Fc = 16
cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGjv| 45
= 57 + fm = 12
gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 9.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× 12
eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| = 60.75 (Ans.) h=5
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ mviwY :
 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ avc wePzÅwZ 
47-51 49 6 eÅvwµ¦ gaÅwe±`y fi xi  a MYmsLÅv fiui
52-56 54 10 u = i
h
xi
57-61 59 12
31-40 35.5 8 3  24
62-66 64 10
67-71 69 7 41-50 45.5 12 2 24
72-76 74 5 51-60 55.5 17 1 17
‰Lb, QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY 61-70 65.5a 23 0 0
gaÅwe±`yi 1 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ 2 NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 71-80 75.5 10 1 10
‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 44 81-90 85.5 7 2 14
chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 91-100 95.5 3 3 9
Y n = 80 fiui = 32
10 f u
 wbGYÆq Mo, x = a + ni i  h
 MYmsLÅv
32
= 65.5 +  10
5 80
= 65.5  4
= 61.5 (Ans.)
0 M AwRf îLv AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY:

44 49 54 59 64 69 74 X
31-40 8 8
wPò : MYmsLÅv eüfzR 41-50 12 20
51-60 17 37
cÉk²  86 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 10 61-70 23 60
`kg ˆkÉwYi 80 Rb wkÞv^xÆi evsjvq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb 71-80 10 70
mviwY wbÁ²i…c : 81-90 7 77
91-100 3 80
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
n = 80
MYmsLÅv 8 12 17 23 10 7 3
‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi ‰K NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi
K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2 DœPmxgvi `yB ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei ‰K NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 MYmsLÅvi `yB ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvKv
M. DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvK| 4 nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 30 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv
86 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
K KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY :
 80
Y
70
31-40 8 8
41-50 12 20 60
51-60 17 37
50
61-70 23 60
71-80 10 70 40
81-90 7 77
30
91-100 3 80
‰LvGb, n = 80 20
n 80
 =
2 2
= 40 Zg cGì gvb nGœQ gaÅK| 40 Zg cGì
10
AeÕ©vb (61-70) ˆkÉwYGZ|
 gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (61-70) 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 X
70 + 61  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv

 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = = 65.5 (Ans.)
2 wPò: AwRf îLv
cÉk²  87 PëMÉvg êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 10 Y
9g ˆkÉwYi 50 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv 50
wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv :
40
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79
MYmsLÅv 6 10 12 9 8 5 30
K. 22, 18, 36, 27, 36, 19, 24, 26, 28, 21 DcvîmgƒGni 20
gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 2
L. cÉ`î mviwY nGZ mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 10
M. eYÆbvmn cÉ`î DcvîmgƒGni AwRf îLv Aâb Ki| 4

0
87 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 X
K cÉ`î DcvîGK gvGbi Ea»ÆKÌGg mvwRGq cvB@  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 36, 36
wPò: AwRf îLv
‰LvGb, ˆgvU Dcvî msLÅv, n = 10 hv ˆRvo msLÅv|
n n
 gaÅK =
2 ( )
Zg c` + 2 + 1 Zg c` cÉk²  88 wmGjU êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 10
2 ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^xÆGì MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb
10 10 mviwY wbÁ²i…c :
=
2 (
Zg c` + 2 + 1 Zg c` ) 36- 41- 46- 51- 56- 61- 66- 71- 76-
2 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
5 Zg c` + 6 Zg c`
=
2
MYmsLÅv 3 7 12 15 9 8 6 4 1
24 + 26 50 K. gaÅK ˆkÉwY wbaÆviY KGi Zvi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
= = = 25 (Ans.)
2 2 L. cÉ`î mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK wbYÆq Ki| 4
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY :
 M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb ui = fiui 88 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
fi xi xi  a
h K gaÅK wbYÆGqi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:

50-54 6 52 –2 – 12 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
55-59 10 57 –1 – 10 36  40 3 3
60-64 12 62  a 0 0 41  45 7 10
65-69 9 67 1 9 46  50 12 22
70-74 8 72 2 16
51  55 15 37
75-79 5 77 3 15
56  60 9 46
ˆgvU n = 50 fiui = 18
61  65 8 54
f u
 wbGYÆq Mo, x = a + ni i  h 66  70 6 60
18 71  75 4 64
= 62 + 5
50 76  80 1 65
= 62 + 1.8 n + 1 65 + 1
= 63.8 (Ans.) ‰LvGb, n = 65 ‰es 2
=
2
= 33
M AwRf îLv AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY:
 AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 33-Zg cGì gvb| 33 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv nGe (51-55) ˆkÉwYGZ|
50-54 6 6
A^Ævr, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (51-55)|
55-59 10 16
51 + 55
60-64 12 28  gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = = 53 (Ans.)
2
65-69 9 37
70-74 8 45 L cÉ`î MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 15 AvGQ

75-79 5 50 (51-55) ˆkÉwYGZ|
‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi ‰K NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi AZ‰e, cÉPziK ˆkÉwY = (51-55)
DœPmxgvi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi ‰K ‰LvGb, L = 51
NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi f1 = 15  12 = 3
KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv| gƒj we±`y ˆ^GK f2 = 15  9 = 6
49 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| h=5
f
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉPziK = L + f +1 f  h L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

1 2
avc wePzÅwZ, MYmsLÅv 
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb, MYmsLÅv,
3
= 51 + 5 xi – a avc wePzÅwZ,
3+6 x f u= i i i h fiui
15
= 51 + 21-30 25.5 5 3  15
9
31-40 35.5 8 2  16
= 52.67 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
41-50 45.5 10 1  10
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ mviwY:
 51-60 55.5a 16 0 0
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv 61-70 65.5 8 1 8
71-80 75.5 7 2 14
36  40 38 3
81-90 85.5 6 3 18
41  45 43 7
ˆgvU n = 60 fiui =  1
46  50 48 12 fiui
53 15  Mo, –x = a + h
51  55 n
56  60 58 9 1
= 55.5 +  10 = 55.33 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
61  65 63 8 60
66  70 68 6 M AwRf îLv AâGbi mviwY:

71  75 73 4 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
76  80 78 1 21-30 5 5
31-40 8 13
‰Lb, QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK 41-50 10 23
ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 1 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 51-60 16 39
MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| 61-70 8 47
gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 38 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi 71-80 7 54
81-90 6 60
Kiv nGqGQ|
Y ‰Lb, X-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi
DœPmxgvi 2 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK
MYmsLÅv
15
KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv
10 AuvKv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 20 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv
wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
5 Y
0
33 38 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 78 83 X 60
0
ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 50
wPò: MYmsLÅv eüfzR 0
40
0
cÉk²  89 ewikvj êvWÆ 2019  cÉk² bs 11 30
wbGP ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv : 20

ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90
10
MYmsLÅv 5 8 10 16 8 7 6
K. gaÅK ejGZ Kx êvSvq? 2 0 X
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
L. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
 ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
M. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ AwRf îLv Aâb Ki| 4
wPò: AwRf îLv
K gaÅK: cwimsLÅvGbi DcvîàGjvGK gvGbi KÌgvbymvGi mvRvGj cÉk²  90 XvKv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
ˆh mKj Dcvî wVK gvSLvGb ^vGK ˆmBàGjvi gvbB nGe ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji `kg ˆkÉwYi 40 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i wbÁ²i…c
DcvîàGjvi gaÅK| hw` DcvGîi msLÅv n nq ‰es n hw` t@
n+1 50, 46, 55, 61, 72, 85, 60, 85, 36, 68, 48, 60, 58, 70, 65, 60, 50, 46, 70,
weGRvo msLÅv nq ZGe gaÅK nGe 2 Zg cGì gvb| Avi 80, 65, 60, 45, 58, 55, 60, 35, 40, 70, 90, 76, 46, 65, 60, 56, 40, 50, 65,
68, 55
n
hw` n ˆRvo msLÅv nq ZGe gaÅK nGe 2 Zg I (n2 + 1) K. DcvîmgƒGni cwimi wbYÆq Ki|
L. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi Ki|
2
4
Zg c` `yBwUi mvswLÅK gvGbi Mo| M. DcvîmgƒGni AvqZGjL Aâb Ki| 4
90 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L gaÅK wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY t

K cÉ`î DcvGîi meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 35 ‰es mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 90
 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
 cwimi = (90 − 35) + 1 = 56 (Dîi) 31-40 8 8
41-50 12 20
 51-60 20 40
DcvîmgƒGni cwimi = 56 61-70 25 65
56 71-80 30 95
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 10 = 5.6  6
81-90 15 110
KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…ct 91-100 10 120
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwjwPn× MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv n = 120
35-44 |||| 4 4 n 120
‰LvGb, n = 120 ‰es 2 = 2 = 60
45-54 |||| ||| 8 12
55-64 |||| |||| ||| 13 25 AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 60-Zg cGì gvb| 60 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGe
65-74 |||| |||| 10 35 (61 − 70) ˆkÉwYGZ|
75-84 || 2 37 A^Ævr, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (61 − 70)|
85-94 ||| 3 40 Avgiv Rvwb,
n = 40 n h ‰LvGb,
M AvqZGjL AâGbi RbÅ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦mn mviwYt
 (2 )
gaÅK = L + − F  c
m L = 61
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv = 61 + (60 − 40) 
10 Fc = 40
25 m = 25
35-44 34.5 − 44.5 4
200 h = 10
45-54 44.5 − 54.5 8 = 61 + = 61 + 8 = 69
25
55-64 54.5 − 64.5 13
65-74 64.5 − 74.5 10  gaÅK = 69 (Dîi)
75-84 74.5 − 84.5 2 M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ mviwY t

85-94 84.5 − 94.5 3 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv
QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwY 31-40 35.5 8
eÅvwµ¦i `yB ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ `yB NiGK 41-50 45.5 12
MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 51-60 55.5 20
61-70 65.5 25
34.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
71-80 75.5 30
81-90 85.5 15
91-100 95.5 10
Y
QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ `yBNiGK ˆkÉwY
gaÅwe±`yi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰K
‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 25.5
10
chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
35
Y
MYmsLÅv
30
5
25
MYmsLÅv
0 X 20
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5
15
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦
10
‰KwU Õ•zGji ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…ct@ 5
X
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 0 23.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5 105.5
wkÞv^xÆ 8 12 20 25 30 15 10 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
msLÅv
K. cÉ`î DcvGîi cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  92 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
L. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 wbGP 30 Rb wkÞv^xÆi evwlÆK cixÞvq BsGiwRGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i ˆÌqv nGjv :@
M. DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4 40, 35, 60, 55, 58, 45, 60, 65, 46, 50, 60, 65, 58, 60, 48, 36, 60, 50, 46,
65, 55, 61, 68, 65, 50, 40, 56, 60, 65, 46
K. wewœQ®² I AwewœQ®² PjK ejGZ Kx eyS? 2
K cÉ`î mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 30 AvGQ (71 − 80) ˆkÉwYGZ, A^Ævr,

L. ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ 5 aGi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGi cÉPziK
cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (71 − 80)
wbYÆq Ki| 4
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 71 (Dîi) M. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
92 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L gaÅK wbYÆGqi mviwY:

K wewœQ®² PjK: ˆh PjGKi gvb ÷aygvò cƒYÆ msLÅv nq ZvGK wewœQ®²
 ˆkËwY eÅwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
PjK eGj| D`vniY: RbmsLÅv| 45  49 4 4
AwewœQ®² PjK: ˆh PjGKi gvb ˆhGKvGbv evÕ¦e msLÅv nGZ cvGi Zv 50  54 12 16
AwewœQ®² PjK| D`vniY: eqm, DœPZv, IRb| 55  59 10 26
L cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 68 ‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 35
 60  64 20 46
 cwimi = (68 – 35) + 1 = 34 65  69 8 54
34 70  74 6 60
ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 6.8  7
n = 60
MYmsLÅv mviwY: n 60
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv ‰LvGb, n = 60 ‰es 2 = 2 = 30
35  39 || 2
 gaÅK nGjv 30 Zg cGì gvb ‰es 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGjv
40  44 || 2
45  49 |||| 5 (60 – 64) ˆkÉwYGZ|
50  54 ||| 3 A^Ævr, gaÅK ˆkÉwY (60 – 64)
55  59 |||| 5 L = 60, Fc = 26, fm = 20, h = 5
|||| || 7
60  64
65  69 |||| | 6 ( )  fh
n
Avgiv Rvwb, gaÅK = L + 2 – Fc
m
n = 30 5 20
= 60 + (30 – 26)  = 60 + = 60 + 1
20 20
‰LvGb, MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 7 AvGQ (60 – 64) ˆkÉwYGZ|
= 61 (Ans.)
AZ‰e, cÉPziK ˆkÉwY = (60 – 64)
Avgiv Rvwb, ‰LvGb, M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi mviwY:

cÉPziK =L+
f1
h L = 60
ˆkËwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
f1 + f2 45  49 47 4
2
= 60 + 5 f1 = 7 – 5 = 2 50  54 52 12
2+1
10 55  59 57 10
= 60 + f2 = 7 – 6 = 1 60  64 62 20
3
= 60 + 3.3333 h=5 65  69 67 8
= 63.33 (Ans.) 70  74 72 6
M mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
 QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅgvGbi
avc wePzÅwZ ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv xi – a fiui
xi fi ui =
h eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 42 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ
35  39 37 2 3 6 eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
40  44 42 2 2 4 Y
25
45  49 47 5 1 5
50  54 52  a 3 0 0
55  59 57 5 1 5 20
60  64 62 7 2 14
65  69 67 6 3 18
15
 MYmsLÅv
n = 30 iui = 22
f u 22
 Mo, x = a + ni i  h = 52 + 30  5 = 55.67 (Ans.) 10

wbGP 60 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv 5
nGjv :@
X
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 O 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 X
MYmsLÅv 4 12 10 20 8 6  ˆkÉ w Y gaÅwe±`y

K. ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv ejGZ Kx eyS? ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi cwigvcàGjv Y
Kx Kx? 2
L. MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆ^GK gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwYGZ DcÕ©vwcZ DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR cÉk²  94 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
AuvK| 4 wbGPi ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nj@
93 cÉGk²i mgvavb ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65
K ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv : AwebÅÕ¦ DcvîmgƒnGK gvGbi KÌgvbymvGi mvRvGj
MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6
Dcvîmgƒn gvSvgvwS ˆKvGbv gvGbi KvQvKvwQ cƒéxf„Z nq| eÕ§Z
DcvîmgƒGni gvSvgvwS ev ˆK±`Êxq gvGbi w`GK cyéxf„Z nIqvi ‰B K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ² mxgv wbYÆq Ki| 2
cÉeYZvGKB eGj ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv| mvaviYZ ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi L. mviwY nGZ gaÅK wbYÆ q Ki| 4
cwigvc nGjv: 1. MvwYwZK Mo, 2. gaÅK ‰es 3. cÉPziK| M. MYmsLÅv wbGekGbi AvqZGjL AuvK| 4
94 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 wbGq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c:

K
 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 40  49 || | 3
30-35 3 3 50  59 |||| 5
36 - 41 10 13 60  69 |||| 5
42-47 18 31
70  79 |||| 4
48-53 25 56
80  89 |||| 5
54-59 8 64
60-65 6 70 90  99 ||| 3
n = 70
M mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi cÉGqvRbxq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:

ˆgvU MYmsLÅv 70
70 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv fi avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
 gaÅK
nGe 2 ev 35 Zg c`| ui wePzÅwZ (fi  ui)
35 Zg c` AvGQ 4^Æ ˆkÉwYGZ| 40  49 44.5 3 2 6
 gaÅK ˆkÉwY (48 – 53) 50  59 54.5 5 1 5
60  69 64.5a 5 0 0
 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv 48 (Ans.)
70  79 74.5 4 1 4
L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx 17 ‰i D`vniY 12 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-337

80  89 84.5 5 2 10
M
 90 99 94.5 3 3 9
ˆkÉwY mxgv AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv
ˆgvU n = 25 fiui = 12
30-35 29.5  35.5 3
 f u
36 - 41 35.5  41.5 10  Mo x = a + ni i  h
42-47 41.5  47.5 18
12
48-53 47.5  53.5 25 = 64.5 +  10
25
54-59 53.5  59.5 8
= 64.5 + 4.8
60-65 59.5  65.5 6
= 69.3 (Ans.)
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ‰K ‰KK aGi X-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv
‰es Y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq AvqZGjL AvuKv nGqGQ| X-AÞ cÉk²  96 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv 29.5 ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 29.5 chÆ¯¦ ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji 10g ˆkÉwYi 25 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼iàGjv wbGP
cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ eySGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| ˆ`qv nGjv:
Y 75, 63, 63, 86, 71, 66, 75, 65, 73, 80, 83, 74, 69,
79, 77, 69, 74, 85, 72, 78, 84, 69, 75, 88, 67.
30
K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv wbYÆq KGiv| 2
L. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
25
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb KGiv| 4
MYmsLÅv
K ‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 88 ‰es meÆwbÁ² = 63


15  cwimi = (88 63) + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
26
10
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv nGe 5 = 5.2  6 wU (Ans.)
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY :

5 ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY UÅvwj MYmsLÅv wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv
0 eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb fi
u =
xi  a  wePzÅwZ
X X i
xi h fiui
Y 29.5 35.5 41.5 47.5 53.5 59.5 65.5
 ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb 62-66 64 |||| 4 2 8
67-71 69 |||| 5 1 5
cÉk²  95 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11 72-76 74a |||| | | 7 0 0
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 25 Rb wkÞv^xÆi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i wbÁ²i…c : 77-81 79 |||| 4 1 4
75, 40, 52, 92, 87, 43, 65, 69, 73, 81, 95, 52, 66, 82, 89, 56, 47, 69, 57, 82-86 84 |||| 4 2 8
73, 84, 91, 77, 50, 62 87-91 89 | 1 3 3
K. cwimi Kx? ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 nGj ˆkÉwY msLÅv KZ? 2 n = 25 fiui = 2
L. ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 wbGq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 4
‰LvGb, AbywgZ ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb, a = 74
M. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 5 ‰es ˆgvU MYmsLÅv n = 25
95 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb _ f u 2
K cwimi : Dcvî mgƒGni mGeÆvœP I meÆwbÁ² ivwki mvG^ ‰K ˆhvM KGi
  Mo x = a + ni i  h = 74 + 25  5 = 74.4 (Ans.)
cÉvµ¦ gvbGK eGj cwimi| M MYmsLÅv eüf„R AsKb : x AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZNiGK ˆkÉwY

‰LvGb, mGeÆvœP cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 95
eÅeavGbi gaÅwe±`yi 1 ‰KK aGi ‰es y AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi 1
meÆwbÁ² cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 40
NiGK MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüf„R AuvKv
cwimi = (95  40) + 1 = 55 + 1 = 56
56 nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 59 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZxÆ NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvãv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 10 nGj ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 10 = 5.6  6 wU (Ans.) wPn× eÅen†Z nGqGQ|
Y MYmsLÅv mviwY:
10 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
 MYmsLÅv
61-65 ||| 3
5 66-70 |||| | 6
71-75 |||| | 6
O X 76-80 |||| |||| 9
59 64 69 74 79 84 89 94
8 81-85 |||| |||| 9
86-90 ||| 3
Y
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 91-95 || 2
96-100 || 2
n = 40
cÉk²  97 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
wbGÁ² 70 Rb wkÞv^Æxi BsGiwRGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb ˆÌqv ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avcwePzÅwZ fiui
nGjv: xi fi xi – a
ui =
h
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 30-35 36-41 42-47 48-53 54-59 60-65
61–65 63 3 –3 –9
MYmsLÅv 3 10 18 25 8 6 66–70 68 6 –2 – 12
K. KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2 71–75 73 6 –1 –6
L. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 76–80 78a 9 0 0
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 81–85 83 9 1 9
86–90 88 3 2 6
91–95 93 2 3 6
K KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY : 96–100 98 2 4 8
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv n = 40 fiui = 2
30-35 3 3 f u 2
 Mo, –x = a + ni i  h = 78 + 40  5 = 78.25 (Ans.)
36-41 10 13
42-47 18 31 M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ mviwYi mvnvGhÅ QK KvMGRi X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg

48-53 25 56 eGMÆi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅgvGbi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ
54-59 8 64
60-65 6 70
`yB NiGK MY msLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv
n = 70 nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 58 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn×
L ‘K’ ‰i mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv mGeÆvœP 25 evi AvGQ (4853) ˆkÉwYGZ
 eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (48 − 53) Y
myZivs L = 48, 10
f1 = 25 − 18 = 7
 MYmsLÅv
f2 = 25 − 8 =17
h=6 5
f
Avgiv Rvwb, cÉPziK = L + f +f
1
h
1 2
7
= 48 + 6
7 + 17 X O 58 63 68 73 78 83 88 93 98 103 X
42 Y
= 48 +
24 ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb
= 48 + 1.75
= 49.75 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
M cvVÅeBGqi Abykxjbx 17 ‰i D`vniY 12 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-337 cÉk²  99 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
cÉk²  98 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10 10g ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb
`kg ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^ÆxGì MwYGZi bvÁ¼vi ˆ`qv nGjv: mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv:
61, 99, 62, 65, 98, 95, 81, 85, 90, 70,77, 80, 75, 66, 68, 69, 75, 77, 82, ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90
85, 87, 90, 92, 68, 70, 71, 72, 77, 78, 80, 83, 85, 75, 77, 81, 85, 75, 77, MYmsLÅv 6 8 12 22 5 7
81, 78|
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq KGiv| 2
K. 5 ˆkÉwYi eÅeavb wbGq MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2 L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
L. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ wbqGg Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4 M. MYmsLÅv wbGekGbi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4
M. mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4 99 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
98 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K mviwYGZ meGPGq êwk msLÅK MYmsLÅv AvGQ, (61 − 70) ˆkÉwYGZ|

K cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 99 ‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 61
 myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY nGe (61 − 70)
 cwimi = (99 – 61) + 1 = 39 61 + 70
39  cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y =
2
 ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = = 7.8 » 8
5 = 65.5
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv mviwYt
 MYmsLÅv mviwY :
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ UÅvwjwPn× MYmsLÅv
fi ui wePzÅwZ fiui 61 − 65 |||| 4
31 − 40 35.5 6 −3 −18 66 − 70 ||| 3
41 − 50 45.5 8 −2 −16 71 − 75 |||| || 7
51 − 60 55.5 12 −1 −12 76 − 80 |||| 5
61 − 70 65.5 a 22 0 0 81 − 85 |||| 5
71 − 80 75.5 5 1 5
86 − 90 | 1
81 − 90 85.5 7 2 14
60 −27 L ‘K’ ‰i MYmsLÅv mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 7 evi AvGQ

‰LvGb, AvbygvwbK Mo, a = 65.5 (71 − 75) ˆkÉwYGZ|
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 10 myZivs, cÉPziK (71-75) ˆkÉwYGZ AvGQ|
f u Avgiv Rvwb,
Avgiv Rvwb, Mo −x = a + ni i  h

cÉPziK = L + 1  h ‰LvGb,
−27 1 + 2 L = 71
= 65.5 +  10
60 4 1 = 7 − 3 = 4
= 65.5 − 4.5  cÉPziK = 71 + 5
4+2 2 = 7 − 5 = 2
= 61 (Ans.) 4
= 71 +  5 h=5
M AvqZGjL Aâb t
 6
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv = 71 + 3.33
= 74.33
31 − 40 30.5 − 40.5 6
41 − 50 40.5 − 50.5 8  wbGYÆq cÉPziK 74.33|
51 − 60 50.5 − 60.5 12 M ‘K’ ‰i MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆ^GK MYmsLÅv eüfzR wbYÆGqi mviwY wbGP

61 − 70 60.5 − 70.5 22
ŠZwi Kiv nGjv :
71 − 80 70.5 − 80.5 5
81 − 90 80.5 − 90.5 7 ˆkÉwYeÅwµ¦ ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
61 − 65 63 4
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK 2 ‰KK aGi x-AÞ eivei AwewœQ®²
66 − 70 68 3
ˆkÉwYmxgv ‰es cÉwZ NiGK 1 ‰KK aGi y-AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq 71 − 75 73 7
AvqZGjL AuvKv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 30.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjvGK 76 − 80 78 5
fvãv wPn× «¼viv êvSvGbv nGqGQ| 81 − 85 83 5
Y 86 − 90 88 1
QK KvMGR x AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb ‰es y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv
25
ewmGq MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kwi|
20 x AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg cÉwZ ‰K NiGK 1 ‰KK ‰es y AÞ eivei
 MYmsLÅv
Þz`Z
Ë g cÉwZ 2 NiGK 1 ‰KK awi| fvãv wPn× «¼viv 58 ‰i cƒGeÆi gvb
15
àGjvGK êvSvGbv nGqGQ|
10 Y
5 10
 MYmsLÅv
O
30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 X
5
 AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv
AvqZGjL
cÉk²  100 wmGjU êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11 O X

58 63 68 73 78 83 88 93
wbGP 25 Rb wkÞv^Æxi evwlÆK cixÞvq MwYZ welGqi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i ˆÌqv
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 
nGjv:
67, 71, 77, 65, 72, 80, 84, 80, 61, 62,
MYmsLÅv eüfzR
82, 72, 81, 68, 80, 75, 64, 72, 75, 83,
80, 81, 67, 74, 88
K. 5 ˆkÉwY eÅeavb aGi MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi KGiv| 2 cÉk²  101 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
L. MYmsLÅv mviwY nGZ cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4 ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRGbi (ˆKwR) MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
M. MYmsLÅv mviwY nGZ MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4 nGjv:
100 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² gvb = 61 ‰es mGeÆvœP gvb = 88
 MYmsLÅv 4 8 10 20 12 6
 cwimi = (88 − 61) + 1 = 28
28
K. ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv Kx? ‰i wZbwU cwigvcGKi bvg wjL| 2
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 5.6  6 L. DcvGîi gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4
 ˆkÉwY msLÅv nGe 6wU M. DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4
101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  102 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
K ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv : AwebÅÕ¦ DcvîmgƒnGK gvGbi KÌgvbymvGi mvRvGj
 ˆKvGbv ˆkÉwYi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRGbi (ˆKwR) MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
Dcvîmgƒn gvSvgvwS ˆKvGbv gvGbi KvQvKvwQ cƒéxf„Z nq| eÕ§Z nGjv:
DcvîmgƒGni gvSvgvwS ev ˆK±`Êxq gvGbi w`GK cyéxf„Z nIqvi ‰B eÅvwµ¦ 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
cÉeYZvGKB eGj ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv| mvaviYZ ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi MYmsLÅv 4 8 10 20 12 6
cwigvc nGjv: 1. MvwYwZK Mo, 2. gaÅK ‰es 3. cÉPziK| K. ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv Kx? ‰i wZbwU cwigvcGKi bvg wjL| 2
L gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mviwY:
 L. DcvGîi gaÅK I cÉPziK wbYÆq KGiv| 4
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv M. DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb KGiv| 4
45  49 4 4
50  54 8 12
55  59 10 22 m†Rbkxj 101 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb `ËÓ¡eÅ|
60  64 20 42
65  69 12 54 cÉk² 103 hGkvi êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
70  74 6 60 `kg ˆkÉwYi 50 Rb QvGòi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i nGjv:
n = 60 45, 50, 55, 52, 56, 58, 56, 60, 58, 60,
n 60
gaÅK wbYÆq: ‰LvGb, n = 60, = = 30
2 2
61, 60, 62, 60, 63, 64, 60, 61, 63, 66,
67, 61, 70, 70, 68, 60, 63, 61, 50, 55,
A^Ævr gaÅK nGe 30 Zg cGì gvb| 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGjv 57, 56, 63, 69, 62, 56, 67, 70, 69, 70,
(60 − 64) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY (60 − 64) 69, 68, 70, 60, 56, 58, 62, 63, 64, 67|
L = 60 K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv wbYÆq KGiv| 2
(n )
\ gaÅK = L + 2  FC   f
m
h
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
= 60 + (30  22) 
5 FC = 22 M. DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4
20
40 fm = 20
= 60 +
20 K cÉ`î DcvGî mGeÆvœP bÁ¼i = 70

= 62 (Ans.) h=5 ‰es meÆwbÁ² bÁ¼i = 45
cÉPziK wbYÆq: \ cwimi = (70  45) + 1 = 26
‰LvGb MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK evi 20 AvGQ (60  64) ˆkÉwYGZ| 26
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv = 5 = 5.2  6wU (Dîi)
myZivs cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (60  64)
 L = 60 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:

\ cÉPziK= L +  +1   h ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ iui
1 2
= 60 +
10
5
1 = 20  10 = 10 gaÅgvb i
ui =
xi  a
10 + 8 xi h
50 2 = 20  12 = 8 45-49 47 | 1 3 3
= 60 +
18
50-54 52 ||| 3 2 6
= 62 .78 (Ans.) h=5
55-59 57 |||| |||| | 11 1 11
M AvqZGjL AâGbi mviwY:
 |||| |||| 0
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv 60-64 62 a
|||| |||| |
21 0
45 − 49 44.5 − 49.5 4 65-69 67 |||| |||| 9 1 9
50 − 54 49.5 − 54.5 8
70-74 72 |||| 5 2 10
55 − 59 54.5 − 59.5 10
n= 50 fiui = 1
60 − 64 59.5 − 64.5 20
fiui 1 5
65 − 69 64.5 − 69.5 12 \ Mo, 
x=a+
n
 h = 62 + 50  5 = 62  50
70 − 74 69.5 − 74.5 6
QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg eGMÆi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅGK AwewœQ®² = 62  0.1 = 61.9 (Dîi)
ˆkÉwY mxgvi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅGK M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ mviwYi mvnvGhÅ QK KvMGRi x-AÞ eivei Þz`Z
 Ë g
MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y eGMÆi cÉwZNiGK ˆkÉwYgaÅwe±`yi ‰K ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ
ˆ^GK 44.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv NiGK MYmsLÅvi ‰K ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüf„R Aâb Kiv nGjv|
nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 42 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv
25 Y nGqGQ|
25 Y
20
20
 MYmsLÅv
 MYmsLÅv
15
15
10
10
5
5
0 X O 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 X
44.5 49.5 54.5 59.5 64.5 69.5 74.5 X
Y  ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv
cÉk² 104 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 10
c`v^ÆweævGb 76 Rb wkÞv^Æxi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY: 70
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 60
MYmsLÅv 2 5 13 12 11 18 5 4 4 2 50
K. mviwY ˆ^GK cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq KGiv| 2 40
L. gaÅK wbYÆq KGiv| 4
30
M. DcvîàGjvi AwRf îLv AuvK| 4
20
10
K MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK evi 18 AvGQ (51  60) ˆkÉwYGZ| myZivs cÉPziK

ˆkÉwY nGjv (51  60) 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
51 + 60  ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgv
\ cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = 2
= 55.5 (Dîi)
L
 cÉk² 105 ewikvj êvWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 11
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70
1  10 2 2
5 7
MYmsLÅv 5 10 20 15 10
11  20
21  30 13 20 K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv wbYÆq KGiv| 2
31  40 12 32 L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq KGiv| 4
41  50 11 43 M. mviwYi MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4
51  60 18 61 105 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
61  70 5 66 K

71  80 4 70
ˆkËwY MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
81  90 4 74
46  50 5 5
91  100 2 76
51  55 10 15
n = 76
56  60 20 35
n 76
‰LvGb, n = 76  = = 38
2 2 61  65 15 50
66  70 10 60
AZ‰e gaÅK nGjv 38Zg cGì gvb| n = 60
38 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb (41  50) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv n 60
‰LvGb n = 60 ‰es = = 30
(41  50)| 2 2
myZivs L = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv = 41 gaÅK nGjv 30Zg cGì gvb| 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb (56  60) ˆkÉwYGZ|
FC = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cƒGeÆi ˆkÉwYi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv = 32 \ gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (56  60) AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv 56
m = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv = 11 ‰es h = ˆkÉwY eÅeavb = 10 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ MvwYwZK Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
ˆkÉwY ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv, fi ui = h
xi – a
(n )
 gaÅK = L + 2  FC  
m
h
xi
fiui
10 46–50 48 5 –2 –10
= 41 + (38  32)  51–55 53 10 –1 –10
11
10 56–60 58a 20 0 0
(
= 41 + 6 
11 ) 61–65
66–70
63
68
15
10
1
2
15
20
= 41 + 5.45
= 46.45 (Ans.) ˆgvU n = fi = 60 fiui = 15
M AwRf îLv AâGbi cÉGqvRbxq MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY:
  wbGYÆq
f u
Mo, –x = a + ni i  h
cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
15  5
1  10 2 2 = 58 + = 58 + 1.25
60
11  20 5 7 = 59.25 (Ans.)
21  30 13 20 M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AsKGbi mviwY:

31  40 12 32
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv
41  50 11 43
46–50 48 5
51  60 18 61 51–55 53 10
61  70 5 66 56–60 58 20
71  80 4 70 61–65 63 15
81  90 4 74 66–70 68 10
91  100 2 76 ‰Lb MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 1
x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœP mxgvi 2 ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZNiGK 1 ‰KK aGi
‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbGq we±`yàGjv Õ©vcb Kwi| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 43 chÆ¯¦
MbmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AuvKv nGjv| cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
QK KvMGR X AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 2 ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y ‰es Y
25 Y
AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv wbGq MYmsLÅv eüfzR AvuKv
nGjv| ‰LvGb fvãv wPn× «¼viv gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 30.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv êvSvGbv
nGqGQ|
 MYmsLÅv
15 Y
20
 MYmsLÅv
15
5
10
O
X Y 48 53 58 63 68 73 X 5
43
 gaÅwe±`y
O
30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 100.5 X
cÉk²  106 XvKv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦

wbGP ‰KwU MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv@
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 cÉk²  107 ivRkvnx êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9
MYmsLÅv 5 6 8 12 5 8 6 ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 10g ˆkÉwYi 25 Rb QvGòi MwYZ welGqi cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i
K. gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2 wbÁ²i…c :
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 65, 73, 45, 60, 55, 58, 60, 65, 80, 70, 58, 68, 60, 68, 70, 45, 85, 60, 50,
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüf„R AuvK| 4 46, 65, 55, 61, 72, 45
106 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K. ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2
K ‰LvGb, n = 5 + 6 + 8 + 12 + 5 + 8 + 6 = 50 L. DÚ mviYx ˆ^GK cÉPziK wbYÆq Ki| 4
n 50 M. cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv AsKb Ki| 4
 = = 25 Zg cGì gvb nGjv gaÅK|
2 2
myZivs gaÅK ˆkÉwY (61 @ 70)
61 + 70 131 K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 45 ‰es mGeÆvœP cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 85

 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y = = = 65.5 (Ans.)  cwimi = (85 − 45) + 1 = 41
2 2
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY: 41
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 8.2  9wU (Ans.)
avc wePzÅwZ, MYmsLÅv 
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb xi MYmsLÅv fi xi – a avc wePzÅwZ
L cÉPziK wbYÆGqi RbÅ UÅvwj wPn× msewjZ MYmsLÅv mviwY wbÁ²i…c:

ui =
h fiui ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
31-40 35.5 5 3 @15 45−49 |||| 4
41-50 45.5 6 50−54 | 1
2 12
55−59 |||| 4
51-60 55.5 8 1 8
60−64 |||| 5
61-70 65.5  a 12 0 0 65−69 |||| 5
71-80 75.5 5 1 5 70−74 |||| 4
81-90 85.5 8 2 16 75−79 0
91-100 95.5 6 3 18 80−84 | 1
n = 50 fiui = 8 85-89 | 1
f u 4  10 cÉvµ¦ mviwYGZ mGeÆvœP MYmsLÅv AvGQ (60 − 64) I (65-69) ˆkÉwYGZ|

 wbGYÆq Mo x– = a + ni i  h = 65.5 +
50  cÉPziK ˆkÉwY nGjv (60 − 64) I (65  69)
= 65.5 + 0.8 = 66.3 (Ans.) (60  64) ‰i ˆÞGò, ‰es (65  69) ‰i ˆÞGò
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AsKGbi mviwY:
 L = 60 L = 65
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv 1 = 5 − 4 = 1 f1 = 5  5 = 0
2 = 5 − 5 = 0 f2 = 5  4 = 1
31-40 35.5 5
h=5
41-50 45.5 6 Avgiv Rvwb,
51-60 55.5 8  f
cÉPziK = L +  +1   h cÉPziK = L + f +1 f  h
61-70 65.5 12 1 2 1 2
1 0
71-80 75.5 5 = 60 +
1+0
5 = 65 +
0+1
5
81-90 85.5 8 = 60 + 5 = 65 = 65
91-100 95.5 6  cÉPziK = 65 (Ans.)
M AwRfGiLv AâGbi RbÅ KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY :
 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 45−49 | 1
45−49 4 4 50−54 ||| 3
50−54 1 5 55−59 |||| |||| | 11
55−59 4 9 60−64 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | || 22
60−64 5 14 65−69 | | | | || 7
65−69 5 19 70−74 |||| 5
70−74 4 23 ˆgvU 49
75−79 0 23
80−84 1 24 L ‘K’ nGZ cÉvµ¦ MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Abym†Z avGci

85−89 1 25 AvGjvGK Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY nGe wbÁ²i…c:
‰Lb, x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi Þz`Z Ë g cÉwZ ‰K NiGK ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv
eÅeavGbi DœP mxgvi 1 ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi Þz`ËZg ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ xi − a
xi i ui =
h wePzÅwZ iui
cÉwZ 2 NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi AwRfGiLv AuvKv
45−49 47 1 −3 −3
nGjv| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 45 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× 50−54 52 3 −2 −6
eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 55−59 57 11 −1 −11
Y 60−64 62a 22 0 0
65−69 67 7 1 7
25
70−74 72 5 2 10
ˆgvU n = 49 iui = −3
 u (−3)
20  Mo, −x = a + ni i  h = 62 + 49  5 = 62 − 0.3061
= 61.69 wKGjvMÉvg. (cÉvq) (Ans.)

15 M wkÞv^xÆGì IRGbi gaÅK wbYÆGqi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq KÌgGhvwRZ

MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY :
 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦i MYmsLÅv

10 45−49 1 1
50−54 3 4
55−59 11 15
5 60−64 22 37
65−69 7 44
70−74 5 49
0
ˆgvU n = 49
45 49 54 59 64 69 74 79 84 89 X n+1 49 + 1
Y ‰LvGb, ˆgvU MYmsLÅv n = 49 ‰es 2 = 2
= 25
 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦i DœPmxgv gaÅK nGjv 25Zg cGì gvb|
AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (60 − 64)
Avgiv Rvwb,
‰LvGb, L = 60
cÉk² 108 w`bvRcyi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9 (n ) h
gaÅK = L + 2 − Fc  
m n = 49
ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji 10g ˆkÉwYi 49 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRb (wKGjvMÉvg) nGjv: 49 5 Fc = 15
45, 50, 55, 51, 56, 57, 56, 60, 58, 60, 61, 60, 62, 60, 63, 64, 60, 61, 63, = 60 + ( − 15) 
2 22 m = 22
66, 67, 61, 70, 70, 68, 60, 63, 61, 50, 55, 57, 56, 63, 60, 62, 56, 67, 70, 5 h=5
69, 70, 69, 68, 70, 60, 56, 58, 61, 63, 64 = 60 + 9.5 
22
K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 2 = 60 + 2.1591 = 62.159
L. mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4  wbGYÆq gaÅK = 62.159 (cÉvq)
M. mviwY eÅenvi KGi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
108 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb cÉk²  109 KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9
K wkÞv^xÆGì mGeÆvœP IRb = 70 wKGjvMÉvg
 wbGP 50 Rb wkÞv^xÆi evwlÆK cixÞvq BsGiwRGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv
” meÆwbÁ² ” = 45 ” wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjv@
 cwimi = (70 − 45) + 1 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85-94
= 26
26 MYmsLÅv 5 7 4 11 9 10 4
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 5.2 K. DÚ mviwY ˆ^GK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2
AZ‰e, ˆkÉwYmsLÅv nGe 6wU| L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
wkÞv^xÆGì IRGbi (wKGjvMÉvg) MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY: M. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvK| 4
K wbGÁ²i mviwYGZ KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbYÆq KGi ˆ`LvGbv nGjv:
 K cÉ`î MYmsLÅv mviwY nGZ ˆhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbYÆq Ki :

ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv IRb (wKGjvMÉvg) MYmsLÅv ˆhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
25–34 5 5 51-55 5 5
35–44 7 12 56-60 10 (5 + 10) = 15
45–54 4 16 61-65 20 (5 + 10 + 20) = 35
55–64 11 27
65–74 9 36
66-70 15 (5 + 10 + 20 + 15) = 50
75–84 10 46 71-75 10 (5 + 10 + 20 + 15 + 10) = 60
85–94 4 50 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY :

L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
 IRb gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc wePzÅwZ
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb xi MYmsLÅv ui = fiui (wKGjvMÉvg) xi fi
u=
xi  a fiui
i
xi – a h
fi
h 51-55 53 5 2 10
25–34 29.5 5 –3 –15 56-60 58 10 1 10
35–44 39.5 7 –2 –14
61-65 63 20 0 0
45–54 49.5 4 –1 –4
55–64 59.5a 11 0 0
66-70 68 15 1 15
65–74 69.5 9 1 9 71-75 73 10 2 20
75–84 79.5 10 2 20 ˆgvU n = 60  fi ui = 15
85–94 89.5 4 3 12  fi ui
Mo = a+ h
ˆgvU fi = 50 fiui = 8 n
Avgiv Rvwb, 15
5 = 63 +
f u 60
Mo, –x = a + fi i  h 1
i
= 63 +  5
8 4
= 59.5 +
50
 10 [h = ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ = 10]
= 63 + 1.25 = 64.25
= 59.5 + 1.6
Mo = 64.25 (Ans.)
= 61.1 (Ans.)
M AvqZGjL wbYÆGqi mviwYt

M MYmsLÅv eüfzR: ‘L’ ‰ cÉvµ¦ mviwY ˆ^GK X-AÞ eivei Þz`ËZg evüi

cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`yi 2 ‰KK ‰es Y-AÞ eivei cÉwZ 2 NiGK IRb wK.MÉvg AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv wkÞv^Æx msLÅv
MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv eüfzR AsKb Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y 51-55 50.5-55.5 5
ˆ^GK 29.5 chÆ¯¦ NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv 56-60 55.5-60.5 10
nGqGQ| 61-65 60.5-65.5 20
Y 66-70 65.5-70.5 15
25 71-75 70.5-75.5 10
20
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ‰KK aGi x-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv ‰es y-
AÞ eivei wkÞv^Æx msLÅv wbGq AvqZGjL AvuKv nGqGQ| x-AÞ eivei
 MYmsLÅv
15 ˆkÉwYmxgv 50.5 ˆ^GK AviÁ¿ Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 50.5 chÆ¯¦
NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
10
Y
5 25
0 20
29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5 X
wkÞv^Æx msLÅv 
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 15
10
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 60 Rb wkÞv^xÆi IRGbi MYmsLÅv mviwY nGjvt
5
IRb wK. MÉvg 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75
wkÞv^xÆ msLÅv 5 10 20 15 10
O 50.5 55.5 60.5 65.5 70.5 75.5 X
K. ˆhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY wbYÆq Ki| 2
ˆkÉYxmxgv 
M. cÉ`î MYmsLÅv mviwY ˆ^GK AvqZGjL AuvK| 4 wPòt ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 60 Rb wkÞv^Æxi IRGbi AvqZGjL|
cÉk²  111 wmGjU êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9 cÉk²  112 hGkvi êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9
wbGP ‰KwU MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ˆÌqv nGjvt ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi `kg ˆkÉwYi wkÞv^ÆxGì MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 mviwY ˆ`qv nGjv:
MYmsLÅv 4 10 15 12 6 3 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 85-94
K. cÉPziK ˆkÉwY ˆKvbwU? cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y wbYÆq Ki| 2 MYmsLÅv 5 10 15 20 30 16 4
L. mviwY nGZ mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
K. cÉ`î mviwYi gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb wbYÆq Ki| 2
M. cÉ`î mviwY Abyhvqx AvqZGjL AsKb Ki| 4
111 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
K cÉ`î mviwYGZ MYmsLÅv meÆvwaK 15 AvGQ (61 @ 70) ˆkÉwYGZ| M. mviwYGZ DcÕ©vwcZ DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfz R Avu K | 4
 cÉPziK ˆkÉwY (61 @ 70) (Ans.) 112 bs cÉ
G k² i mgvavb
61 + 70 K
cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`yi = = 65.5 (Ans.)
2 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Abym†Z avGci AvGjvGK Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY nGe 25-34 5 5
wbÁ²i…c| ˆhLvGb ˆkÉYx eÅeavb h = 10| 35-44 10 15
avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv avc 45-54 15 30
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb xi MYmsLÅv fi xi – a
ui =
h wePz Å wZ f iui 55-64 20 50
41-50 45.5 4 @2 @8 65-74 30 80
51-60 55.5 10 @1 @10 75-84 16 96
61-70 65.5  a 15 0 0 85-94 4 100
71-80 75.5 12 1 12 n = 100
81-90 85.5 6 2 12
n 100
91-100 95.5 3 3 9 ‰LvGb, n = 100 ‰es 2 = ev, 50
2
n = 50  fiui = 15
 fu
AZ‰e, gaÅK nGjv 50-Zg cGì gvb| 50Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGe
 Mo, –x = a + ni i  h (55  64) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e, gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGj, (55  64)|
15 55 + 64 119
= 65.5 +  10 = 65.5 + 3 = 68.5 (Ans.)  gaÅK ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb = = = 59.5| (Dîi)
50 2 2
M AvqZGjL AâGbi cÉGqvRbxq mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Abym†Z avGci AvGjvGK Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv
wbÁ²i…c| ˆhLvGb ˆkÉwY eÅeavb h = 10|
41-50 40.5-50.5 4
avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
51-60 50.5-60.5 10 gaÅgvb
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv fi xi  a
61-70 60.5-70.5 15 xi ui =
h wePzÅwZ fiui
71-80 70.5-80.5 12 25-34 29.5 5 4  20
81-90 80.5-90.5 6
35-44 39.5 10  3  30
91-100 90.5-100.5 3
45-54 49.5 15 2  30
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ ‰K NiGK `yB ‰KK aGi x AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv
‰es cÉwZ `yB NiGK ‰K ‰KK aGi y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq 55-64 59.5 20 1  20
AvqZGjL AuvwK| x-AÞ eivei gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK ˆ^GK 40.5 chÆ¯¦ 65-74 a69.5 30 0 0
NiàGjv AvGQ êvSvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 75-84 79.5 16 1 16
Y 85-94 89.5 4 2 8
16
ˆgvU n = 100 fiui =  76
14  fiui
 Mo,
2 Ni = 1 ‰KK
x=a+ h
12 n
 76
10 = 69.5 +  10
100
8
= 69.5  7.6
6 = 61.9 (Dîi)
4 M ‘L’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ mviwY eÅenvi KGi QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK 2 ‰KK aGi

2 X-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y ‰es cÉwZ NiGK ‰KK aGi Y-AÞ
eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq MYmsLÅv eüfzR AuvKv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK
0
100.5
80.5
50.5
60.5
90.5
70.5
40.5
X 24.5 chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOvwPn× eÅenvi Kiv

nGqGQ|
1 Ni = 2 ‰KK
Y QK KvMGR Þz`Z Ë g eGMÆi cÉwZ evüi Š`NÆÅGK `yB ‰KK aGi X AÞ

eivei AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwY mxgv ‰es Þz`ËZg eGMÆi `yB evüi Š`NÆÅGK ‰K
30
‰KK aGi Y AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv Õ©vcb KGi AvqZGjL AuvKv nj|
30.5 ‰i cƒGeÆi NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
25
Y
20
MYmsLÅv 
10
15
MYmsLÅv
10 5
O
O X
19.5 29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 X 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 90.5 100.5
ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y  AwewQ®² ˆkÉwY
MYmsLÅv eüf„R
cÉk²  113 ewikvj êvWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 9 `kg ˆkÉwYi 50 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY
wbGÁ² 10g ˆkÉwYi 50Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYZ welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv ˆÌqv nGjv :
wbGekb mviYx ˆÌqv njt ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 MYmsLÅv 6 8 10 12 5 7 2
MYmsLÅv 6 8 10 12 5 7 2 K. DÚ mviwY ˆ^GK KÌGgvGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbYÆq Ki| 2
K. KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 2 L. DÚ mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 M. DÚ mviwY ˆ^GK gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. MYmsLÅv wbGekGbi AvqZGjL AsKb Ki| 4 114 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb
113 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb K

K KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY: ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwYi gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 31-40 35.5 6 6
41-50 45.5 8 14
3140 6 6
51-60 55.5 10 24
4150 8 14 61-70 65.6 12 36
5160 10 24 71-80 75.5 5 41
6170 12 36 81-90 85.5 7 48
7180 5 41 91-100 95.5 2 50
8190 7 48 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq

91100 2 50 h = ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ = 10
ˆgvU = 50 ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv  avc
L Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY:
 (i) gaÅwe±`y u = xi  a wePzÅwZ iui
i
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv x a
ui = i
fiui (xi) h
xi fi h 31-40 6 35.5 3  18
3140 35.5 6 3  18 41-50 8 45.5 2  16
4150 45.5 8 2  16 51 - 60 10 55.5 1  10
5160 55.5 10 1  10 61-70 12 65.5(a) 0 0
6170 65.5  a 12 0 0 71-80 5 75.5 1 5
75.5 5 1 5 81-90 7 85.5 2 14
7180
91-100 2 95.5 3 6
8190 85.5 7 2 14
i = 50 = n iui =  19
91100 95.5 2 3 6
 u 19
fi = n = 50 fiui = 19  wbGYÆq Mo, x = a + ni i  h = 65.5 + 50  10
 f u  19
 wbYÆGqi Mo, x = a + i i  h = 65.5 +  10 = 65.5  3.8 = 61.7 (Ans.)
n 50
= 65.5  3.8 = 61.7 (Ans.) M ‘K’ ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦,

M
 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv n 50
n = 50  = = 25
3140 30.540.5 6 2 2
4150 40.550.5 8 gaÅK nGjv 25 Zg cGì gvb| 25Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGe (61  70)
5160 50.560.5 10 ˆkÉwYGZ| gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (61  70)|
6170 60.570.5 12 myZivs L = 61, FC = 24, m = 12, h = 10
7180 70.580.5 5
8190
91100
80.590.5
90.5100.5
7
2
(n )
m
h
 gaÅK = L + 2  FC   = 61 + (25  24)  12
10
= 61 + 0.83 = 61.83 (Ans.)

ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGqi 9g ˆkÉwYi evwlÆK cixÞvq 40 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ bÁ¼i K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² mgq = 16 ˆmGK´£ ‰es mGeÆvœP mgq = 60 ˆmGK´£

wbÁ²i…c :  cwimi = (60  16) + 1 = 45
45
bÁ¼i 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100  ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 5 aGi ˆkÉwYmsLÅv = 5 = 9
wkÞv^Æxi msLÅv 4 10 18 23 13 9 3
 ˆkÉwY msLÅv nGe 9wU
K. PjGKi cwiPqmn gaÅK wbYÆGqi mƒòwU ˆjL| 2
 MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c:
M. cÉ`î DcvGîi MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
16 - 20 ||| 3
115 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb 21 - 25 ||| 3
K gaÅK = L + 2  FC  f

m (n ) h 26 - 30
31 - 35
|
||
1
2
ˆhLvGb, L = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv 36 - 40 || 2
n = ˆgvU MYmsLÅv 41 - 45 || 2
46 - 50 | 1
FC = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cƒeÆeZxÆ ˆkÉwYi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
51 - 55 |||| 4
h = ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ 56 - 60 || 2
‰es fm = gaÅK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv| ˆgvU 20
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY wbÁ²i…c :
 L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆGqi mviwY wbÁ²i…c:

ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb xi MYmsLÅv i avc wePzÅwZ fiui
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb MYmsLÅv avc wePzÅwZ iui
xi  a xi i xi  a
ui = ui =
h h
31-40 35.5 4 3 12 16 - 20 18 3 4 12
41-50 45.5 10 2 20 21 - 25 23 3 3 9
51-60 55.5 18 1 18
26 - 30 28 1 2 2
61-70 a 65.5 23 0 0
31 - 35 33 2 1 2
71-80 75.5 13 1 13
81-90 85.5 9 2 18 36 - 40 a38 2 0 0
91-100 95.5 3 3 9 41 - 45 43 2 1 2
ˆgvU n= 80 fiui = 10 46 - 50 48 1 2 2
fiui 10 51 - 55 53 4 3 12
 Mo, 
x=a+
n
 h = 65.5 +
80
 10 = 64.25 (Ans.) 56 - 60 58 2 4 8
n = 20 iui = 1
M MYmsLÅv eüfzR AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY :

  iui 1
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv  Mo, x=a+
n
 h = 38 +
20
 5 = 37.75 (Dîi)
31-40 35.5 4
41-50 45.5 10 M AwRf îLv AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv mviwY:

51-60 55.5 18
61-70 65.5 23
71-80 75.5 13 16 - 20 3 3
81-90 85.5 9 21 - 25 3 6
91-100 95.5 3 26 - 30 1 7
QK KvMGR X-AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 2 ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y 31 - 35 2 9
36 - 40 2 11
‰es Y AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK 1 ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv wbGq MYmsLÅv 41 - 45 2 13
eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 35.5 chÆ¯¦ msLÅvàGjv 46 - 50 1 14
we`Ågvb êvSvGZ X-AGÞ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| 51 - 55 4 18
Y 56 - 60 2 20
20 AwRfGiLv Aâb: x-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK ˆkÉwY
eÅeavGbi DœP mxgvi 1 ‰KK ‰es y-AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi cÉwZ 2
 MYmsLÅv
15 NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi 1 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AwRf îLv

AuvKv nGjv|
10
O
35.5 45.5 55.5 65.5 75.5 85.5 95.5 X
ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y

MwYZ welGqi ‰KwU eüwbeÆvPbx cÉGk²i mgvavGb 20 Rb QvGòi cÉGZÅGKi
ˆh mgq (ˆmGK´£) ˆjGMwQj Zv wbÁ²i…c :
45, 40, 25, 20, 16, 50, 55, 35, 40, 60,
58, 52, 32, 18, 22, 25, 53, 51, 30, 44.
K. 5 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦
aGi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 2
L. DÚ mviwY ˆ^GK mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. DcvîàGjvi AwRf îLv AuvK I gZvgZ `vI| 4 ˆkÉwYi gaÅgvb
cÉk²  117 cÉk²  118
KzwgÍÏv êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 9 PëMÉvg êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 9
wbGP 30 Rb wkÞv^Æxi evwlÆK cixÞvq MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i ˆÌqv nGjv :
10g ˆkÉwYi 70 Rb wkÞv^ÆÆxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv mviwY nGjv  70 68 95 65 78 82 86 81 85 90
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-79 97 86 78 71 77 92 90 83 69 87
MYmsLÅv 7 12 18 24 9 80 82 95 97 75 77 79 80 91 73
K. cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mƒòwU wjL I wee†Z Ki| 2 K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 6 aGi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 2
L. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 L. cÉ v µ¦ DcvGîi gaÅK wbYÆ q Ki| 4
M. cÉ`î Dcvî nGZ AwRf îLv AuvK| 4 M. cÉ`î Dcvî ˆ^GK AvqZGjL Aâb Ki| 4
K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 65 ‰es mGeÆvœP cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 97
K cÉPziK wbYÆGqi mƒò  cwimi = (97  65) + 1 = 33

cÉPziK = L +  +1   d 33
 ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 6 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv = = 5.5
1 2
6
‰LvGb, L = ˆh ˆkÉwYGZ cÉPziK AewÕ©Z Zvi wbÁ²mxgv  ˆkÉwY msLÅv nGe 6wU
1 = cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv-cƒeÆeZxÆ ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
2 = cÉPziK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv-cieZxÆ ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv 65-70 |||| 4
d = ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 71-76 ||| 3
L mivmwi c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq : 77-82 |||| |||| 10
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv i ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y xi ixi 83-88 |||| 5
89-94 |||| 4
50-54 7 52 364
95-100 |||| 4
55-59 12 57 684
ˆgvU 30
60-64 18 62 1116
Æ
L gaÅK wbYÆGqi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY :
65-69 24 67 1608 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
70-74 9 72 648 65-70 4 4
ˆgvU fi = 70 fixi = 4420 71-76 3 7
f x 4420 77-82 10 17
 wbGYÆq Mo x = fi i = = 63.14 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
i 70 83-88 5 22
M 89-94 4 26
ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv 95-100 4 30
50-54 7 7 ˆgvU n = 30
55-59 12 19 mviwY nGZ cvB, ‰LvGb,

60-64 18 37 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv L = 77 ˆgvU MYmsLÅv n = 30
65-69 24 61 gaÅK ˆkÉw Yi cƒ
e Æ e ZxÆ ˆkÉ w Yi n 30
KÌ g GhvwRZ MYmsLÅv, FC = 7
‰es 2 = = 15
70-74 9 70 2
gaÅK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv, fm = 10 ˆhGnZz 15Zg c` (77  82)
x AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi ‰K NiGK ˆkÉwY eÅeavGbi DœPmxgvi ‰K
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 6 ˆkÉwYGZ AewÕ©Z| myZivs
‰KK ‰es y AÞ eivei QK KvMGRi ‰K NiGK KÌgGhvwRZ Avgiv Rvwb, gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (77  82)
MYmsLÅvi 2 ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅvi AwRf
n h
îLv AuvKv nGjv| (
gaÅK = L + 2  FC  f ) m
30 6
Y
= 77 +   7 
70
2  10
6 24
= 77 + 8  = 77 + = 81.8 (Dîi)
60 10 5
 KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
M AvqZGjL AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv wbYÆGqi


50
mviwY :
40 ˆkÉwYmxgv AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv
65-70 64.5-70.5 4
30 71-76 70.5-76.5 3
20 77-82 76.5-82.5 10
83-88 82.5-88.5 5
10 89-94 88.5-94.5 4
95-100 94.5-100.5 4
(0,0) AvqZGjL Aâb : QK KvMGRi X AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK AwewœQ®²
50 55 60 65 70 75 X
 ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦i DœPmxgv ˆkÉwYmxgvi ‰K ‰KK ‰es Y AÞ eivei cÉwZ `yB NiGK MYmsLÅvi
wPò: AwRf îLv ‰K ‰KK aGi cÉ`î DcvGîi AvqZGjL Aâb Kiv nGjv| gƒjwe±`y
nGZ 64.5 chÆ¯¦ AvGQ êvSvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
Y
M

ˆkÉwY webÅvm ˆkwYi gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
10
51-55 53 5 5
8 9
56-60 58 10 15
61-65 63 20 35
66-70 68 15 50
7
71-75 73 10 60
6
76-80 78 7 67
MYmsLÅv
81-85 83 3 70
5
n 70
n = 70  = = 35
2 2
4
 gaÅK nGjv 35Zg cGì gvb ‰es 35 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb (61-65)

3
ˆkÉwYGZ| gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (61-65)

myZivs L = 61, fc = 15, fm = 20, h = 5
2
(n )
 gaÅK = L + 2  fc  f
h
1
70 5
= 61 +   15 
O X
64.5 70.5 76.5 82.5 88.5 94.5 100.5 2  20
AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv 5
= 61 + (35  15) 
20
5
cÉk²  119 wmGjU êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 9 = 61 + 20 
20
ˆKvGbv Õ•zGji `kg ˆkÉwYi cÉ^g mvgwqK cixÞvq 70 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYZ = 61 + 5 = 66 (Ans.)
welGq cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY nj wbÁ²i…c :
bÁ¼i 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-85 cÉk² 120 hGkvi êvWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 9
MYmsLÅv 5 10 20 15 10 7 3 MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY nGjv 
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80
K. ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZv KvGK eGj? ˆK±`Êxq cÉeYZvi cwigvcàGjv Kx Kx? 2
MYmsLÅv 6 10 12 15 8 5 4
L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4 K. gaÅK ˆkÉwY wbYÆq Ki| 2
M. cÉ`î mviwY ˆ^GK gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 L. mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq Ki| 4
M. eYÆbvmn AvqZGjL AuvK| 4
K ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv: Dcvî mgƒGni ˆK±`Êxq gvGbi w`GK cyéxfzZ nIqvi  K
cÉeYZvGK ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZv eGj| ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
ˆKw±`Êq cÉeYZvi cwigvcàGjv nGjv- 11 - 20 6 6
21 - 30 10 16
(1) MvwYwZK Mo (2) gaÅK (3) cÉPziK| 31 - 40 12 28
41 - 50 15 43
L mswÞµ¦ c«¬wZGZ Mo wbYÆq: h = ˆkÉwY eÅvwµ¦ = 5
 51 - 60 8 51
ˆkÉwY MYmsLÅv ˆkÉwY avc wePzÅwZ MYmsLÅv 61 - 70 5 56
71 - 80 4 60
i gaÅwe±`y u =
xi  a avc wePzÅwZ n = 60
i
(xi) h
iui n 60
‰Lb, n = 60 ‰es 2 = 2 = 30
51-55 5 53 3 15
AZ‰e gaÅK nGjv 30 Zg cGì gvb| 30 Zg cGì AeÕ©vb nGe
56-60 10 58 2 20 (41 - 50) ˆkÉwYGZ| AZ‰e gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (41 - 50)| (Ans.)
61-65 20 63 1 20 L

66-70 15 68(a) 0 0 ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ gaÅgvb x a
MYmsLÅv i ui = i h iui
xi
71-75 10 73 1 10 11 - 20 15.5 6 3 18
76-80 7 78 2 14 21 - 30 25.5 10 2 20
31 - 40 35.5 12 1 12
81-85 3 83 3 9 41 - 50 45.5 15 0 0
i = 70 = n iui = 22 51 - 60 55.5 8 1 8
61 - 70 65.5 5 2 10
 u
 wbGYÆq Mo, x = a + ni i  h 71 - 80 75.5 4 3 12
n = 60 iui = 20
22  u
Mo, x = a + ni i  h
= 68 + 5
70
20
= 66.43 (cÉvq) (Ans.) = 45.5 +
60
 10 = 45.5  3.33 = 42.17 (cÉvq) (Ans.)
M cÉ`î mviwYGZ DcvGîi ˆkÉwY eÅeavb wewœQ®²|
 L gaÅK wbYÆGqi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY :

ˆkÉwY eÅeavb AwewœQ®² Kiv nGj cÉ`î mviwY nGe: ˆkÉwY eÅeavb MYmsLÅv KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ AwewœQ®² ˆkÉwYmxgv MYmsLÅv 31-40 6 6
11 - 20 10.5  20.5 6 41-50 8 14
21 - 30 20.5 - 30.5 10 51-60 10 24
31 - 40 30.5 - 40.5 12
61-70 12 36
41 - 50 40.5 - 50.5 15
51 - 60 50.5 - 60.5 8 71-80 5 41
61 - 70 60.5 - 70.5 5 81-90 7 48
71 - 80 70.5  80.5 4 91-100 2 50
QK KvMGRi cÉwZ NiGK `yB ‰KK aGi x-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv ‰es ˆgvU n = 50
‰K ‰KK aGi y-AÞ eivei MYmsLÅv wbGq AvqZGjL AuvKv nGqGQ| mviwY nGZ cvB, ‰LvGb,
x-AÞ eivei ˆkÉwYmxgv 10.5 ˆ^GK AviÁ¿ nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 10.5 gaÅK ˆkÉwYi wbÁ²mxgv L = 61 ˆgvU MYmsLÅv n = 50
chÆ¯¦ cƒeÆeZÆx NiàGjv AvGQ eySvGZ fvãv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ| gaÅK ˆkÉwYi cƒeÆeZxÆ ˆkÉwYi n 50
‰es 2 = = 25
Y KÌgGhvwRZ MYmsLÅv, FC = 24 2
gaÅK ˆkÉwYi MYmsLÅv, fm = 12 ˆhGnZz 25Zg c` (61  70)
15 GkÉwY eÅeavb, h = 10 ˆkÉwYGZ AewÕ©Z| myZivs
MYmsLÅv
Avgiv Rvwb, gaÅK ˆkÉwY nGjv (61  70)

10
(n )
gaÅK = L + 2  FC  f
h

5 m
50 10
= 61 +   24 
 2  12
O X
10.5
20.5
30.5
40.5
50.5
60.5
70.5
80.5
10
= 61 +
ˆkÉwYeÅvwµ¦ 12
= 61.83 (Dîi)
ˆKvGbv we`ÅvjGq 10g ˆkÉwYi 50 Rb wkÞv^Æxi MwYGZ cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼iàGjv M
 MYmsLÅv wbGekbwUi eüf„R AâGbi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq mviwY :
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb GkÉwY gaÅwe±`y MYmsLÅv
wbÁ²i…c:
31-40 35.5 6
87 31 57 43 47 57 66 100 60 68
41-50 45.5 8
31 70 72 73 58 50 62 46 62 65
51-60 55.5 10
53 35 63 89 38 58 45 62 39 47
61-70 65.5 12
64 48 51 40 85 48 65 67 62 52
71-80 75.5 5
52 55 81 80 82 72 75 89 90 95
81-90 85.5 7
K. ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY ŠZwi Ki| 2
91-100 95.5 2
L. MYmsLÅv wbGekbwUi gaÅK wbYÆq Ki| 4 ˆgvU 50
M. MYmsLÅv wbGekbwUi eüfzR Aâb Ki| 4 QK KvMGR X AÞ eivei cÉwZ NiGK `yB ‰KK aGi ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
121 bs cÉGk²i mgvavb ‰es Y AÞ eivei cÉwZ `yB NiGK ‰K ‰KK aGi MYmsLÅv wbGq
K ‰LvGb, meÆwbÁ² cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 31 MYmsLÅv eüfzR Aâb Kiv nGqGQ| gƒjwe±`y ˆ^GK 25.5 chÆ¯¦
‰es mGeÆvœP cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼i = 100 msLÅvàGjv we`Ågvb êvSvGZ X AGÞ fvOv wPn× eÅenvi Kiv nGqGQ|
 cwimi = (100  31) + 1 Y
= 70 15
70
 ˆkÉwY eÅeavb 10 aGi ˆkÉwY msLÅv = ev 7wU
10
 cÉvµ¦ bÁ¼Gii MYmsLÅv wbGekb mviwY wbÁ²i…c :
MYmsLÅv
10
ˆkÉwY eÅeavb UÅvwj wPn× MYmsLÅv
31-40 |||| | 6

41-50 | | | | | | | 8 5
51-60 |||| |||| 10
61-70 | | | | | | | | || 12
71-80 | | | | 5 O
81-90 | | | | || 7
85.5
55.5
65.5
35.5
95.5
75.5
45.5
X
Y
91-100 | | 2
 ˆkÉwY gaÅwe±`y
ˆgvU 50

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AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ 1

gƒj eBGqi AwZwiÚ Ask

cvUÆ weˆmj&d AÅvGmmGg´Ÿ

AaÅvqwfwîK cixÞv cÉÕ§wZ

AaÅvq-2: ˆmU I dvskb

‰LvGb B ‰i Dcv`vb msLÅv = 3 = n (awi) B = {1, 3}, C = {2, 3}, D = {a, b, c}

AaÅvq-3: exRMvwYwZK ivwk

ev, x2 = ( 2)2 + 2. 2.1 + (1)2

L. cÉgvY KGiv ˆh, x2 + 2 = x4 + x–4 4 1 1 1 1 1 

1 1 cÉk²  56 hGkvi ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 2

K. a2  ab + b2 ‰i gvb wbYÆq Ki|

hw` p + q = 6 ‰es pq = 3 nq, ˆhLvGb, p > q.

Avgiv Rvwb, (p  q)2 = (p + q)2  4pq 1 1

AaÅvq-4: mƒPK I jMvwi`g

a−b b−c c−a

a a+b b b+c c c+a

[L, M, N ‰i gvb ewmGq]

AaÅvq-6: ˆiLv, ˆKvY I wòfzR

gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| B I C ‰i mgw«¼LíK«¼q ciÕ·i O

cÉgvY: avc h^v^ÆZv

cÉk²  20 wmGjU ˆevWÆ-2016  cÉk² bs 4

(2) Avevi, PRD-‰

msGhvRK ˆiLvsk Z‡Zxq evüi mgv¯¦ivj]

AaÅvq-7: eÅenvwiK RÅvwgwZ

ˆ`Iqv AvGQ, f„wg msj™² `yBwU ˆKvY x I y ‰es wòfzGRi M

L MwYZ cvVÅ eBGqi Abykxjbx 7.1 ‰i mÁ·`Å-3 `ËÓ¡eÅ| c†Ó¤v-140|

B I C-‰i mgw«¼LíK] 70

wbB| AC ‰i gaÅwe±`y O wbYÆq Kwi|

gGb Kwi, O ˆK±`Ê wewkÓ¡ LMN e†Gîi DciÕ© M we±`yGZ MT ‰KwU y

 OQ, e†Gîi eÅvmvaÆ OM ‰i ˆPGq eo A^Ævr OQ > OM ‰es Zv

AZ‰e, QPO = PQO [mgw«¼evü wòfzGRi f„wg

AP = AQ [e†Gîi ewntÕ© ˆKvGbv we±`y

`ívqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY ‰es OR, QRN ‰i mgw«¼LíK]

`ívqgvb ˆK±`ÊÕ© ˆKvY O

(12 PQ) ‰es SN = (12 RS)

ABC ‰i BC = 3.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg. ‰es AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg.| S

gGb Kwi, ABC ‰KwU wòfzR| ‰i AB = 5.5 ˆm.wg., AC = 4.5 ˆm.wg.

Q T S cÉk²  107 w`bvRcyi ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6

Q R cÉk²  109 KzwgÍÏv ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6

F L weGkl wbeÆPb: ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

M DóxcGKi wPòvbymvGi, MD DcPvGci Dci `´£vqgvb e†îÕ© ˆKvY

cÉk²  115 ewikvj ˆevWÆ-2015  cÉk² bs 6

AaÅvq-9: wòGKvYwgwZK AbycvZ

K. AC ‰i Š`NÆÅ wbYÆq Ki| 2 cÉk²  76 w`bvRci ˆevWÆ-2017  cÉk² bs 7

ev, tan (x + y) = 3 = tan 60

30   = 0 ev, cos = cos60   = 60

3 K. DóxcGKi AvGjvGK ˆ`LvI ˆh, m + n = 2 sec.sin. 2

L ‘K’ nGZ cvB,

ABC mgGKvYx wòfzGRi AC = 1 + P , BC = 2P ev, 4sin2  2sin  2 3 sin + 3 = 0

AaÅvq-10: `ƒiZ½ I DœPZv

ev, h  x = 12 3 L gGb Kwi, mÁ·ƒYÆ MvGQi Š`NÆÅ AB = h wgUvi| BC = x wgUvi DœPZvq

BCD ˆ^GK cvB, tanBCD = BC

ev, 3x = 15 3 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB, BC = 60 wgUvi

60 45 60

AaÅvq-11: exRMwYZxq AbycvZ I mgvbycvZ

= 4 log 3 2 10x1 = a1 + b–1

(pq ++ qr ) = pq ++2pq +q M ˆ`Iqv AvGQ,

AaÅvq-12: `yB PjKwewkÓ¡ mij mnmgxKiY

mgvavb AvGQ| (6, 6)

AaÅvq-13: mmxg aviv

1 5 L ‘K’ ˆ^GK cvB,

1 ev, n(n + 51) – 50(n + 51) = 0

m+1 1+y+ 1y+ 1+y 1y