3 Números Enteros y Divisibilidad

Consecuencias de los primeros 10 axiomas de los números enteros

a b c

0·a=0
-(-a) = a
(-a) · b = -(a · b) = a · (-b)
(-a) · (-b) = a · b,
a+b=a+c b = c,
a 6= 0 a · b = a · c, b = c,
2
a = a, a=0 a = 1,
2 2 2
(a + b) = a + 2ab + b ,
(a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2.

Propiedades de la divisibilidad a, b c

a | a.
a|b b|c a | c.
a|b a|c a | (b - c).
a|b ac | bc.
na | nb n 6= 0 a | b.
1 | a.
a|1 a = ±1.
a|0
0|a a=0

n n n+1 1

a, b, c c 6= 0. a | b, ac | bc.

a b a|b b|a
Pn
b a | bk k = 1, . . . n, a | ( k=1 xkbk) , xk k = 1, . . . , n
Pnk
k=1 xkbk, combinación lineal de los bk

8 | (9n -1), n = 0, 1, 2, . . . .

Fn n Sucesión de Fibonacci
F1 = F2 = 1, Fn+2 = Fn+1 + Fn, n ∏ 1.

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, . . . .

Fn | Fkn, k n
 c r D = d · c + r, 0 ∑ |r| < d

D = 671, d = 9,
D = -671, d = 9,
D = 671, d = -9,
D = -671, d = -9,
D = -671, d = 19,
D = 671, d = -19,
D = 671, d = 19,
D = 19, d = -671,
D = 19, d = -671,
D = 1934, d = -62390.

2n 2n + 1
n 2n pares 2n + 1
impares

a2 a
2
a 3 a 3

6k + 5 6k + 1,
8k + 1,
9k - 1, 9k, 9k + 1.

n n3 - n 3 3
n = 3k n = 3k + 1 n = 3k + 2

n2 | (n + 1)n - 1, n = 1, 2, 3, . . . .

n
n!.
 Notación a b=r b>0 a b = r, r
a b a = bq + r, 0 ∑ r < |b|.
23 7 = 2, 23 = 7 · 3 + 2 -4 5 = 1, -4 = 5 · (-1) + 1.

b>0 b|a a b = 0.
a
b 6= 0 b|a
b

0 10
123 10
10 123
457 33
(-7) 3
(-3) 7
(-5) 5

a|b (a, b) = |a|

m>0 (ma, mb) = m(a, b).

(a, b) = (-a, b) = (a, -b) = (-a, -b).

a | bc (a, b) = 1 a | c.

a | m, b | m (a, b) = 1, ab | m.
(a, b) 6= 1

p a (a, p) = 1 p

n,

(n, 2n + 1) = 1,
(2n + 1, 3n + 1) = 1,

(a, b) a b
a b.

a, b, c, d, s, t 2 Z

a > 0, b > 0,
d = sa + tb,
d 6= (a, b).