LOL

LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud[1][2][3] or lots of laughs,[4][5][6]

and a popular element of Internet slang. It was first used almost exclusively on
Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated
communication and even face-to-face communication. It is one of many initialisms
for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms
for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO[7] ("laugh(ing) my ass
off") and ROFL[8][9][10] (or its older form ROTFL;[11][12] "roll(ing) on the floor
laughing"). Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete "lots of
luck" or "lots of love" used in letter-writing.[13]
A lolcat using "LOL"
The list of acronyms "grows by the month",[9] and they are collected along with
emoticons and smileys into folk dictionaries that are circulated informally amongst
users of Usenet, IRC, and other forms of (textual) computer-mediated communication.[14] These initialisms are controversial, and
several authors[15][16][17][18] recommend against their use, either in general or in specific contexts such as business communications.

The Oxford English Dictionary first listed LOL in March, 2011.[19]

Contents
Analysis
Acceptance
Variations on the theme
Variants
Derivations
Related
Commonly used equivalents in other languages
The word "lol" in other languages
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Analysis
Laccetti (professor of humanities at Stevens Institute of Technology) and Molski, in their essay entitled The Lost Art of Writing, are
critical of the terms, predicting reduced chances of employment for students who use such slang, stating that, "Unfortunately for these
students, their bosses will not be 'lol' when they read a report that lacks proper punctuation and grammar, has numerous misspellings,
various made-up words, and silly acronyms."[15][16] Fondiller and Nerone in their style manual assert that "professional or business
communication should never be careless or poorly constructed" whether one is writing an electronic mail message or an article for
publication, and warn against the use of smileys and abbreviations, stating that they are "no more than e-mail slang and have no place
in business communication".[17]
Linguist John McWhorter stated, "Lol is being used in a particular way. It's a marker of empathy. It's a marker of accommodation. We
linguists call things like that pragmatic particles…" Pragmatic particles are the words and phrases utilized to alleviate the awkward
areas in casual conversation, such as oh in "Oh, I don’t know" and uh when someone is thinking of something to say. McWhorter
[20]
stated that lol is utilized less as a reaction to something that is hilarious, but rather as a way to lighten the conversation.

Yunker and Barry in a study of online courses and how they can be improved through podcasting have found that these slang terms,
and emoticons as well, are "often misunderstood" by students and are "difficult to decipher" unless their meanings are explained in
advance. They single out the example of "ROFL" as not obviously being the abbreviation of "rolling on
the floor laughing" (emphasis
added).[18] Haig singles out LOL as one of the three most popular initialisms in Internet slang, alongside BFN ("bye for now") and
IMHO ("in my honest/humble opinion"). He describes the various initialisms of Internet slang as convenient, but warns that "as ever
more obscure acronyms emerge they can also be rather confusing".[1] Bidgoli likewise states that these initialisms "save keystrokes
for the sender but [...] might make comprehension of the message more difficult for the receiver" and that "[s]lang may hold different
meanings and lead to misunderstandings especially in international settings"; he advises that they be used "only when you are sure
that the other person knows the meaning".[21]

Shortis observes that ROFL is a means of "annotating text with stage directions".[10] Hershock, in discussing these terms in the
context of performative utterances, points out the difference between telling someone that one is laughing out loud and actually
laughing out loud: "The latter response is a straightforward action. The former is a self-reflexive representation of an action: I not
only do something but also show you that I am doing it. Or indeed, I may not actually laugh out loud but may use the locution 'LOL'
."[9]
to communicate my appreciation of your attempt at humor

David Crystal notes that use of LOL is not necessarily genuine, just as the use of smiley faces or grins is not necessarily genuine,
posing the rhetorical question "How many people are actually 'laughing out loud' when they send LOL?".[22] Franzini concurs,
stating that there is as yet no research that has determined the percentage of people who are actually laughing out loud when they
write LOL.[2]

Victoria Clarke, in her analysis of telnet talkers, states that capitalization is important when people write LOL, and that "a user who
types LOL may well be laughing louder than one who types lol", and opines that "these standard expressions of laughter are losing
force through overuse".[23] Egan describes LOL, ROFL, and other initialisms as helpful so long as they are not overused. He
recommends against their use in business correspondence because the recipient may not be aware of their meanings, and because in
general neither they nor emoticons are in his view appropriate in such correspondence.[3] June Hines Moore shares that view.[24] So,
[25]
too, does Lindsell-Roberts, who gives the same advice of not using them in business correspondence, "or you won't be LOL".

Acceptance
On March 24, 2011, LOL, along with otheracronyms, was formally recognized in an update of the Oxford English Dictionary.[19][26]
In their research, it was determined that the earliest recorded use of LOL as an initialism was for "little old lady" in the 1960s.[27]
They also discovered that the oldest written record of the use of LOL in the contemporary meaning of "Laughing Out Loud" was
[28]
from a message typed by Wayne Pearson in the 1980s, from the archives of Usenet.

Gabriella Coleman references "lulz" extensively in her anthropological studies ofAnonymous.[29][30]

A 2003 study of college students by Naomi Baron found that the use of these initialisms in computer-mediated communication
(CMC), specifically ininstant messaging, was actually lower than she had expected. The students "used few abbreviations, acronyms,
[31] 76 were occurrences ofLOL.[32]
and emoticons". Out of 2,185 transmissions, there were 90 initialisms in total;

LOL, ROFL, and other initialisms have crossed from computer-mediated communication to face-to-face communication. David
Crystal—likening the introduction of LOL, ROFL, and others into spoken language in magnitude to the revolution of Johannes
Gutenberg's invention of movable type in the 15th century—states that this is "a brand new variety of language evolving", invented
by young people within five years, that "extend[s] the range of the language, the expressiveness [and] the richness of the
language".[33][31] However Geoffrey K. Pullum argues that even if interjections such as LOL and ROFL were to become very
common in spoken English, their "total effect on language" would be "utterly trivial".[34]
Variations on the theme

Variants
lul: phonetic spelling of LOL. "LUL" is also commonly used in the gaming community , due to it being an emote on
Twitch.tv, which shows a picture ofTotalBiscuit's face laughing.
lolz: Occasionally used in place of LOL.
lulz: Often used to denotelaughter at someone who is the victimof a prank, or a reason for performing an action. Its
use originated with Internet trolls. According to aNew York Times article about Internet trolling, "lulz means the joy of
disrupting another's emotional equilibrium."[35] Can be used as a noun – e.g. "do it for the lulz.", shortened into
"ftlulz" (to distinguish it from "ftl" – "for the loss"). See alsoLulzSec.
LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLOL: For added emphasis, LOL can be appended with any number of additional
iterations of "OL". In cases such as these, the abbreviation is not to be read literally (i.e., "Laughing out loud out loud
out loud out loud"), but is meant to suggest several LOLs in a row .
trolololol or trollololol: A portmanteau of troll and LOL iterated. Indicates that the prank or joke was made by
internet trolls, or the user thinks the prank or joke qualifies asinternet trolling. See also Mr. Trololo.

Derivations
lolwut (sometimes "lulwut"): lol + wut, used to indicate bemused laughter, or confusion.
lawl, lawlz, or lal: Pseudo-pronunciation of LOL. Saying "lawl" is sometimes meant in mockery of those who use the
term LOL, and is not meant to express laughter .
lel: A satirical form of lol, often used to denote bemusement or lack of amusement in response to a statement.

Related
*G* or *g*: For "grins".[36] Like "lulz" it is used in the initialism "J4G"
("just for grins").[37]
kek: A term for laughter that originated in online games, possibly
either World of Warcraft or Starcraft, the latter in which Korean
players would type "kekeke" asonomatopoeia for laughter.[38] It later
became associated withalt-right politics,[39] in the form of a parody
religion surrounding the characterPepe the Frog by analogy with the
frog-headed ancient Egyptian godKek.[40]
LMAO: For "laughing my ass off".[7] Variant: LMFAO ("Laughing my
fucking ass off"). An animated ASCII art image
lqtm: For "Laughing quietly to myself".[41] popularized in 2004 bymemes using
ROFL: For "rolling on the floor laughing". It is often combined with the word "roflcopter".
LMAO for added emphasis asROFLMAO ("Rolling on the floor
laughing my ass off") or ROFLMFAO (Rolling on the floor laughing
my fucking ass off).[42]
roflcopter: A portmanteau of ROFL andhelicopter. A popular glitch in the Microsoft Sam text-to-speech engine
enables the voice to make a sound akin to the rotation of rotor blades when 'SOI' is entered, and the phrase 'My
ROFLcopter goes soi soi soi..." is often associated with the term as a result.
PMSL: For "pissing myself laughing".

Commonly used equivalents in other languages

In some languages with a non-Latin script, the abbreviation LOL itself is also often transliterated. See for example Arabic ‫ ﻟﻮل‬and
Russian лол.

Pre-dating the Internet and phone texting by a century, the way to express laughter in morse code is "hi hi". The sound of this in
[43][44]
morse ('di-di-di-dit di-dit, di-di-di-dit di-dit') is thought to represent chuckling.

Most of these variants are usually found in lowercase.

 555: the Thai variation of LOL. "5" in Thai is pronounced "ha", three of them being "hahaha".
asg: Swedish abbreviation of the termasgarv, meaning intense laughter.
g: Danish abbreviation of the wordgriner, which means "laughing" in Danish.[45]
ha3: Malaysian variation of LOL. ha3 means pronouncing ha three times, "hahaha".
jajajá: in Spanish, the letter "j" is pronounced/x/.[46]
jejeje: in the Philippines is used to represent "hehehe". "j" in Filipino languages is pronounced as /h/, derived from
the Spanish /x/. Its origins can be traced toSMS language. It is widely used in a Filipino youth subculture known as
Jejemons.[47][48]
kkkk: in Somali and Ethiopian languages spoken in the Horn of Africa, iterations of the letter "k", usually ranging
between 2 and 8 k's, are used as a variation of LOL. These iterations are also used by Shona, Ndebele and other
Zimbabwean languagesspeakers, with the longer variant being "kikiki" (emulating a laughing sound).
mdr: Esperanto version, from the initials of "multe da ridoj", which translates to "lot of laughs" in English.
mdr: French version, from the initials of "mort de rire" which roughly translated means "died of laughter", although
many French people also use LOL instead as it is the most widely used on the internet. [49][50]

mkm: in Afghanistan "mkm" (being an abbreviation of the phrase "ma khanda mikonom"). This is Dari a phrase that
means "I am laughing".
ptdr: French variant from pété de rire - literally meaning "broken with laughter"
rs: in Brazil "rs" (being an abbreviation of "risos", the plural of "laugh") is often used in text based communications in
situations where in English LOL would be used, repeating it ("rsrsrsrsrs") is often done to express longer laughter or
laughing harder. Also popular is "kkk" (whichcan also be repeated indefinitely), due to the pronunciation of the letter
k in Portuguese sounding similar to theca in card, and therefore representing the laugh "cacacacaca" (also similar to
the Hebrew version above).[51]
wkwkwk: in Indonesian, "wkwkwk" is often used to express laughter .
‫ההה‬/‫חחח‬: Hebrew version of LOL. The letter‫ ח‬is pronounced [/x/ /x/] and‫ ה‬is pronounced [/h/ /h/]. Putting them
together (usually three or more in a row) makes the word khakhakha or hahaha (since vowels in Hebrew are
generally not written), which is in many languages regarded as the sound of laughter .
‫ﻫﻬﻬﻬﻪ‬: Arabic script repetition of the "‫ "ﻫـ‬character meaning "Hahahaha" or "Hehehehe". ‫"ﻫـ‬ " is equivalent to the letter
"H". The equivalents of the "a" or "e" short vowels areArabic diacritics and are optional to write.
ㅋㅋㅋ ("kkk" or "kekeke")[38] and ㅎㅎㅎ ("hhh") are usually used to indicate laughter inKorean. 'ㅋ', is a Korean
Jamo consonant representing a "k" sound, andㅎ' ' represents an "h" sound. Both ㅋ " ㅋㅋ" and "ㅎㅎㅎ" represent
laughter which is not very loud. However, if a vowel symbol is written, louder laughter is implied:하하 "haha" 호호,
"hoho."[52]
哈哈哈/呵呵呵: in Chinese. Although 大笑 (da xiao; "big laugh") is used, a more widespread usage is哈哈哈" " (ha ha
ha) or "呵呵呵" (he he) on internet forums. The phonetic rendering, "haha", is also common.
(笑): in Japanese, the kanji for laugh (笑) is used in the same way as lol. It can be read askakko warai (literally
"parentheses laugh") or justwara. w is also used as an abbreviation, and it is common for multiplew to be chained
together.[53] . The resulting shape formed from multiplew leads to the usage of 草 (read as kusa), due to its
resemblance to the shape of grass.

The word "lol" in other languages

In Dutch, lol is a word (not an acronym) which, coincidentally
, means "fun" ("lollig" means "funny")
In Welsh, lol means "nonsense" or "ridiculous" – e.g., if a person wanted to say "utter nonsense" in e
Wlsh, they
[54]
would say "lol wirion" or "rwtsh lol"

See also
Internet meme
Leet

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Further reading
Connery, Brian A. (February 25, 1997). "IMHO: Authority and egalitarian rhetoric in the virtual cof
feehouse". In
Porter, D. Internet Culture. New York: Routledge. pp. 161–179.ISBN 0-415-91684-4.
Russ Armadillo Coffman (January 17, 1990)."smilies collection". Newsgroup: rec.humor. Retrieved 2006-12-22.—an
early Usenet posting of a folk dictionary of abbreviations and emoticons, listing
LOL and ROTFL
Ryan Goudelocke (August 2004)."Credibility and Authority on Internet Message Boards"(PDF). Louisiana State
University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 2007-03-16.
Claim to first use.

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LOL&oldid=862472124
"

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