Philippine State College of Aeronautics

Piccio Garden, Villamor, Pasay City

MOCK EXAMINATION
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES AND DESIGN (20%)

1) Which is not a type of vibration?

a. Noise
b. Flutter
c. Buffet
d. None of the above

2) Pressurization is a type of a slowly applied load. What is the ATA chapter for
pressurization?
a. 20
b. 21
c. 22
d. 23

3) Flutter can be prevented by _____ to alter the moment of inertia of the surface.
a. weight reduction
b. pulling back on the control
c. mass balancing control surfaces
d. fuel jettisoning

4) The maximum positive maneuvering load factors for a normal and an acrobatic
airplane are _____, respectively.
a. 3.8 and 3.8
b. 3.8 and 4.4
c. 1.2 and 3.8
d. 3.8 and 6.0

5) An airplane’s center of lift is usually located aft of its center of gravity _____.
a. so that the airplane will have a tail-heavy tendency
b. to improve stability about the longitudinal axis
c. so that the airplane will have a nose-heavy tendency
d. to improve stability about the vertical axis

6) A support designed to allow only rotation at the point of connection, and thus
reactive forces (reactions) are developed in the other directions where movements
are not allowed.
a. Fixed support
b. Hinge support
c. Hinge-roller support
d. Wedge support

7) It occurs in intentional flight maneuvers in which the air loads on the wing are
down or when the airplane strikes sudden downdrafts while in level flight.
a. Positive High Angle of Attack
b. Positive Low Angle of Attack
c. Negative High Angle of Attack
d. Negative Low Angle of Attack

8) It is the basic structure of an aircraft and is designed to withstand all

aerodynamic forces, as well as the stresses imposed by the weight of the fuel,
crew, and payload.
a. Aircraft component
b. Airframe
c. Cabin system
d. Landing Gear

9) It is the slope of the initial straight portion of the stress-strain diagram.

a. Modulus of Elasticity
b. Hooke’s constant
c. Modulus of Rigidity
d. Poisson’s ratio

10) Calculate the load factor of an aircraft if the ratio of the centrifugal force and
weight equals 4.20.
a. 2.280
b. 2.317
c. 4.280
d. 4.317
11) The capacity of a material to absorb energy in the elastic range.
a. Toughness
b. Resilience
c. Hardness
d. Permeability

12) The limit load factor of a utility aircraft when its flaps are down is _____.
a. 4.4
b. 3.8
c. 1.2
d. 2.2

13) It is known as the measurement of height in inches. It is perpendicular from a

horizontal plane located at a ground, cabin floor, or some other easily referenced
location.
a. Aileron Station
b. Butt Line
c. Wing Station
d. Water Line

14) It is obtained in a pullout at the highest possible angle of attack on the wing. It
is where lift and forces are perpendicular and parallel to the relative wind,
respectively.
a. Positive High Angle of Attack
b. Positive Low Angle of Attack
c. Negative High Angle of Attack
d. Negative Low Angle of Attack

15) About a V-n diagram, it is the slowest speed at which the maximum load factor can
be reached without stalling.
a. VA
b. VB
c. VSX
d. VS1

16) When looking the aircraft’s front view, the angle between the vertical line passing
through the aircraft C.G. and the line between aircraft C.G. and the one of the
main wheels is the _____.
a. Angle of Incidence
b. Overturn Angle
c. Tipback Angle
d. Tipforward Angle

17) An aircraft is flying at an altitude of 13,280 feet with a velocity of 180 feet per
second. If the coefficient of lift is 1.35, what is the wing loading if the
aircraft is in a steady-and-level, unaccelerated flight?
a. 17.499 psf
b. 31.417 psf
c. 34.574 psf
d. 80.807 psf

18) Loads that are gradually applied and cause no appreciable shock or vibration of
structure.
a. Static
b. Dynamic
c. Continuous
d. Shock-resistant

19) What is the gust velocity for diving at 20,000 feet and below?
a. 12.5 ft/s
b. 25.0 ft/s
c. 30.0 ft/s
d. 50.0 ft/s

20) For a conventional, single-engine airplane of 6,000 pounds or less, the minimum
design maneuvering speed is given by _____.
a. 12.5 (n1w/s)0.5
b. 17.0 (n1w/s)0.5
c. 19.5 (n1w/s)0.5
d. 27.3 (n1w/s)0.5

21) A design airplane has a weight of 2,200 pounds and a wing area of 90 square foot.
It is to be certified as an acrobatic under FAR part 23. What is the negative limit
maneuvering load factor in which the airplane is designed for?
a. 2.1
b. 3.8
 c. 2.5
d. 3.0

22) Which is not a type of gust?

a. Sharp-edged gust
b. Graded gust
c. Blunt gust
d. 1-cosine gust

23) It is a flat sheet triangular shape used to reinforce the corners of structure.
a. Webs
b. Fittings
c. Caps
d. Gussets

24) In reference to a V-n diagram, it is the slowest speed at which the maximum load
factor can be reached without stalling.
a. VA
b. VB
c. VSX
d. VS1

25) The tangent of this angle where the opposite side is the frictional force and the
adjacent side is the normal force is called _____.
a. bank
b. friction
c. incidence
d. attack

26) It is essentially a beam which transmits and gathers all the applied airload to
the central attachment to the fuselage.
a. Wings
b. Horizontal stabilizer
c. Landing gear
d. Dorsal fin

27) Which among the following statements best describes a cantilever wing?
a. Externally braced with either struts and /or bracing wires
b. Supported at one end only with no external bracing
c. Braced at both the upper and lower section of the airfoil
d. Able to be folded at the root section to ease storage in confined spaces

28) In FAR Part 23, there must be a clearance of at least _____ between each propeller
and the water.
a. 7 inches
b. 9 inches
c. 18 inches
d. 19 inches

29) It is the maximum aircraft nose-up attitude with the tail touching the ground and
strut fully extended.
a. Angle of Incidence
b. Overturn Angle
c. Tipback Angle
d. Tipforward Angle

30) Which among the following choices articulates the relationship of stress to
strain?
a. Young’s Modulus law
b. Hooke’s Law
c. Poisson’s ratio
d. Varignon’s Law

31) Normally designed to provide restraints against rotation and all translations;
therefore, reactive forces and moments (reactions) are developed along the
directions where movements are not permitted.
a. Fixed support
b. Hinge-roller support
c. Wedge support
d. Hinge support

32) It is the weight of the airframe structure, powerplant installation, and fixed
equipment. It is essentially a “dry” weight, excluding unusable fuel and oil, anti-
icing fluid, portable water and chemicals in toilets.
a. Operational Empty Weight (OEW)
b. Manufacturer’s Empty Weight (MEW)
 c. Basic Empty Weight (BEW)
d. Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW)

33) For the design maneuvering wing loading for aileron, the average surface loading is
given by _____.
a. 0.566 (n1w/s)
b. 0.534 (n1w/s)
c. 0.466 (n1w/s)
d. 0.366 (n1w/s)

34) The positive limit maneuvering load factor (+n) for an acrobatic category airplane
shall not be less than ____.
a. 2.5
b. 3.8
c. 4.4
d. 6.0

35) This tail design is chosen to keep the tail out of the engines' wake or to avoid
complex interference drag.
a. Conventional
b. Cruciform
c. Dual-tail
d. T-tail

36) It is the maximum structural cruising speed that should not be exceeded except in
smooth air, and then only with caution.
a. VS0
b. VS1
c. VFE
d. VNO

37) It is the simplest system that can represent any general force and couple moment
system acting on a body.
a. Beam
b. Truss
c. Lever
d. Wrench

38) There are _____ unknowns for a cantilever support.

a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five

39) The shear diagram on a certain portion of the beam intensifies from 0 N to 2,000 N.
What is the bending moment experienced by this 3-feet portion?
a. 3,000 N-m
b. 6,000 N-m
c. 1,830 N-m
d. 915 N-m

40) Compared with the other types of wing vertical location, this type has more lateral
dynamic stability
a. Parasol
b. Low
c. Mid
d. High

41) The positive limit maneuvering load factor (+n) for utility category airplane shall
not be more than ____.
a. 2.5
b. 3.8
c. 4.4
d. 6.0

42) It is the angle between the vertical and the line passing through the aircraft most
forward C.G. and the contact point between tire and the ground.
a. Angle of Incidence
b. Overturn Angle
c. Tipback Angle
d. Tipforward Angle

43) The main gear carries about _____ of the aircraft load.
a. 60%
b. 70%-75%
c. 80%-95%
 d. 100%

44) During the landing gear design process, it may be assumed that the airplane
rotation speed is _____.
a. 1.1 to 1.3 Vs
b. 1.1 to 1.3 VFE
c. 1.1 to 1.3 VD
d. 1.1 to 1.3 Vc

45) Airspeed corrected for instrument error, position error, and adiabatic compression
flow for the altitude is called _____ airspeed.
a. true
b. indicated
c. equivalent
d. calibrated

46) When the shear diagram is _____, the moment diagram _____.
a. increasing; concaves downward
b. increasing; concaves upward
c. decreasing; concaves upward
d. constant; is also constant

47) What is the length of the moment arm of a 40 Newton force producing a moment of 40
foot-pounds?
a. 1.00 meter
b. 1.36 feet
c. 1.00 feet
d. 4.45 feet

48) It is the maximum speed at which application of full control will not overstress
the airplane.
a. VA
b. VB
c. VC
d. VD

49) Which part of the window is the primary pressure-carrying pane?

a. Outer pane
b. Middle pane
c. Inner pane
d. Middle third pane

50) The U.S. FAA requires that control surface hinges, except ball and roller bearings,
incorporate a special factor of not less than ____ with respect to the ultimate
bearing strength of the softest material used as a bearing.
a. 5.67
b. 6.67
c. 5.76
d. 6.76