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Maths Ref Sheet PDF
Maths Ref Sheet PDF
examination
REFERENCE SHEET
– Mathematics –
– Mathematics Extension 1 –
– Mathematics Extension 2 –
Mathematics
( )( )
a2 − b2 = a + b a − b d= ( x2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2
a3 + b3 = ( a + b ) ( a 2 − ab + b 2 )
y − y1 = m ( x − x1 )
Exact ratios
Sum to n terms of a geometric series
30°
Sn =
(
a rn − 1 ) or Sn =
(
a 1 − rn )
2 3 r −1 1− r
2 45°
1
Area of a triangle
1
Area = absinC
2
– 2 –
Mathematics (continued)
Differentiation from first principles Integrals
ƒ ( x + h) − ƒ ( x ) ⌠ ( ax + b )n+1
ƒ ′( x ) = lim ⎮ ( ax + b ) n
dx = +C
h→0 h ⌡ a ( n + 1)
Derivatives ⌠ ax+b 1
⎮e dx = e ax+b + C
⌡ a
dy
If y = x n , then = nx n−1
dx ⌠ ƒ ′( x )
⎮ ƒ ( x ) dx = ln ƒ ( x ) + C
dy dv du ⌡
If y = uv , then =u +v
dx dx dx
⌠ 1
⎮ sin ( ax + b ) dx = − a cos ( ax + b ) + C
du dv ⌡
v −u
u dy dx dx
If y = , then = 2 ⌠ 1
v dx v ⎮ cos ( ax + b ) dx = a sin ( ax + b ) + C
⌡
dy du
If y = F ( u ) , then = F ′( u )
dx dx ⌠ 1
⎮ sec ( ax + b ) dx = a tan ( ax + b ) + C
2
dy ⌡
If y = e ƒ ( x ) , then = ƒ ′( x ) e ƒ ( x )
dx
Trapezoidal rule (one application)
dy ƒ ′( x ) b
If y = loge ƒ ( x ) = ln ƒ ( x ) , then = ⌠ b−a
dx ƒ (x) ⎮ ƒ ( x ) dx ≈ 2 ⎡⎣ ƒ ( a ) + ƒ ( b ) ⎤⎦
⌡a
dy
If y = sin ƒ ( x ) , then = ƒ ′( x ) cos ƒ ( x )
dx Simpson’s rule (one application)
dy b
If y = cos ƒ ( x ) , then = − ƒ ′( x ) sin ƒ ( x ) ⌠ b−a ⎡ ⎛ a + b⎞ ⎤
dx ⎮ ƒ ( x ) dx ≈ 6 ⎢⎣ ƒ ( a ) + 4 ƒ ⎝ 2 ⎠ + ƒ ( b ) ⎥⎦
⌡a
dy
If y = tan ƒ ( x ) , then = ƒ ′( x ) sec 2 ƒ ( x )
dx
Logarithms – change of base
logb x
loga x =
Solution of a quadratic equation logb a
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
Angle measure
Sum and product of roots of a quadratic equation 180° = p radians
b c
α +β =− αβ =
a a Length of an arc
l = rq
Equation of a parabola
–3–
Mathematics Extension 1
Angle sum identities Acceleration
Newton’s method
Parametric representation of a parabola
For x 2 = 4ay,
ƒ ( x1 )
x2 = x1 −
x = 2at, y = at 2 ƒ ′( x1 )
(
At 2at, at 2 , )
tangent: y = tx − at 2 Binomial theorem
3
normal: x + ty = at + 2at n n
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
( a+b ) n
= ∑ ⎜⎝ k ⎟⎠ a k bn−k = ∑ ⎜⎝ k ⎟⎠ an−k b k
At ( x1 , y1 ) , k =0 k =0
tangent: xx1 = 2a ( y + y1 )
2a
normal: y − y1 = − ( x − x1 )
x1
( )
Chord of contact from x0 , y0 : xx0 = 2a y + y0 ( )
–4–
© 2015 Board of Studies, Teaching and Educational Standards NSW