★

1540 BC

Second Intermediate Period

Ahmose I became king of

Lower Egypt

● Defeated the Hyksos

Hyksos ruled northern Egypt ● United all of Egypt under
one rule
 Drought and famine

Empire began to weaken

Ramesses III had to fight many battles

● Invasion by the Sea Peoples
● Tribesmen from Libya

Ramesses III
( 20th Dynasty )
 After Ramesses III died

● Internal corruption &

infighting in the central
government became worse

Ramesses III Ramesses XI

( 20th Dynasty ) ( Last Pharaoh )
 Egyptian Empire conquered the
most lands

Expanded trade with many

● Took over lands to the
external nations & kings

South : Kush, Nubia

● Used gold mines in Nubia
East : Israel, Lebanon, Syria
to gain great wealth
● Import luxury goods from
around the world
 Akhetaten

Capital : Memphis

Thebes Pi-Ramesses

Nubia
Government & Laws Ahmose I
Hatshepsut
Devine Absolute monarchy Akhenaten
Nefertiti
● A form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme Tutankhamen (King tut)
authority and where that authority is not restricted by any Rameses I
written laws, legislature, or customs Rameses II
Rameses III
 The New Kingdom was no different from the previous periods
where Pharaohs were revered and worshipped as gods

Changes

● A changed balance of internal forces

● The emergence of institutions with a greater professional coherence
Public Works
Queen Hatshepsut

● first woman to rule as Pharaoh

● Hatshepsut then ruled with her stepson, Thutmose III (1472 B.C.)

Expand Egypt by waging war

Public Works
Trade Grow Her biggest trading expedition
crossed the eastern desert to
the Red Sea

● Traders brought back rare herbs, spices,

scented woods, live monkeys, & potted trees for
Large ships sailed south to
making incense
an African land called Punta
 Upper-Class Jobs
The king ruled by delegating responsibility
to his vizier who then chose the people
beneath him best suited to the job.

● Bureaucrats
● Architects
● Engineers
● Artists
● Doctors
● Priests
● Dentists
● Astrologers
● Exorcists

Vizier
 Lower-Class Jobs
Casual jobs that the Egyptians seem to
have felt pride in their work no matter their
occupation.

● Potter
● Amulet-maker
● Pyramid builders
● Slaves
● The Pharaoh
● High government
(The vizier) ,Priests
and nobles
● Soldiers
● Scribes
● Merchants
● Craftsmen
● Farmers and Slaves
Glass

★ Ancient Egyptians had advanced

knowledge of glass-working

★ Crafted glass beads of different colors

★ Highly valuable Beads : made by winding molten glass

around a metal bar

★ Believed to have had magical

powers
Valley of the kings

★ Great burial ground for the Pharaohs

★ After around 1500 B.C. the Pharaohs no

longer built great pyramids

★ Stocked with all the material goods a ruler

might need in the next world

 Tuthmosis I

★ The first Pharaoh to be buried in

the Valley of the Kings

Golden age of architecture and art

● Trade and war brought Egypt centuries of political

stability and prosperity
● During the reign of Hatshepsut Egyptian art
evolved.
Art
● The New Kingdom pharaohs developed a new art style we call
the Amarna style
● Abstract style sculptures and paintings,less real-looking than
before, and really exaggerated
The Art of Amarna

● Amarna was the name of the new city that

Aankhen made people build for him
● A lot of children were enslaved and died of
overwork
Realistic Art
● Egyptian artwork shows perfect beauty
● During Akhenaten, he wanted more realistic art
○ Carvings of Akhenaten show his large
stomach
Valley of the Kings
● The kings of the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075
BCE),
● fearing for the safety of their rich burials,
● concealing their tombs in a lonely valley in
the western hills There,
● tombs sunk deep into the heart of the
mountain,
 Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

● Also known as the "Holy of Holies"

● Located in Upper Egypt.
● Work of Queen’s architect Senenmut
● Built for the 18 Dynasty pharaoh Hatshepsut
● Dedicated to the Gods Amun, Hathor, and Anubis
● Mortuary cult of the Queen
Built in the shape of three
terraces, which climb in the form
of stairs towards vertical rock

In front of the first terrace

● two artificial lakes

surrounded by trees
● Lakes : turned into
ornamental ponds and
park
 Ramesseum
● Dedicated to both Ramses II a 19th Dynasty pharaoh and
the popular god Amun
● To worship him as a god after death
● Located near the city of Thebes
● With rows and rows of columns
● Guarded by 57 feet tall monumental statues of Ramses II
● One of the most colossal works of art in the ancient world
 Religion
● complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals

● Myths about gods : the origins and behavior of the forces they
represented

● Practices of Egyptian religion : efforts to provide for the gods and gain
their favor

● New Kingdom used their wealth to build massive temples to the gods

● Made great efforts to ensure the survival of their souls after death
○ Mummification
○ Valley of the kings
 Anubis
Maat Thoth
God of embalming &
Central to Egyptian religion God of wisdom and learning
burial places
 Osiris

God of fertility and the

underworld

Isis ( Osiris’s wife)

Amen-Ra : King of gods
Goddess in charge of
funeral rites ● Came to prominence in
Thebes during the New
Kingdom
 Akenhaten ( Son of Amenhotep III )

● decreed that Aten was the only god

( Monotheistic )

● built a new capital city ( Amarna ) in the

honor of Aten

Tutankhamen ( Son of Akenhaten )

● return to traditions and worship its old

Pharaoh Amenhotep III gods once more ( Polytheistic )

● switched attention to the minor

sun god ( Amen-Ra )
“
THE FOUR MAIN
RELIGIONS
 Writing

➔ Egyptians believed that writing was invented by the god

➔ The word hieroglyph comes from the Greek

➔ The hieroglyphic script : used mainly for formal inscriptions on the walls of
temples and tombs
 Credits

https://www.ducksters.com/history/ancient_egypt/new_kingdom.php
https://www.ancient.eu/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt#Rise_of_the_New_Kingdom
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/egyptian.htm
https://www.ancient.eu/article/1073/jobs-in-ancient-egypt/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion
https://study.com/academy/lesson/temples-tombs-of-new-kingdom-egypt.html
https://www.shorthistory.org/ancient-civilizations/ancient-egypt/art-and-architecture-of-the-egypt-new-kingdom
http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/egypt/farming.htm