CompTIA

The Computing Technology Industry Association

(CompTIA), a non-profit trade association, was created
in 1982 as the Association of Better Computer Dealers
(ABCD).[1] ABCD later changed its name to the Comput-
ing Technology Industry Association to reflect the asso-
ciation’s evolving role in the computer industry and in the
U.S. business landscape at large. The 1990s was a period
of growth as the association broadened the scope of its
activities to address the needs of the expanding computer
industry. Its initiatives increased to include networking,
UNIX, imaging, mobile computing, and multimedia are-
nas. In an effort to monitor and take positions on public The CompTIA A+ Logo
policy issues, the association added a full-time Director
of Public Policy. In 2010, CompTIA added a new exec-
utive director for a newly named "Creating IT Futures" dors as Microsoft, Apple Inc., Novell and some of the
Foundation, its philanthropic arm that focuses on train- Linux distributions.[6]
ing and certifying low-income students and adults in IT,
The A+ exam is intended for information technology pro-
as well as returning veterans—and helping connect them
fessionals who have the equivalent of 500 hours of hands
with potential employers.[2]
on experience. The exams are computer based and com-
CompTIA is a provider of professional certifications posed of multiple choice questions, of which there may be
for the information technology (IT) industry which are more than one correct answer. Over one million people
vendor-neutral.[3] A+, N+, and Security+ certifications have earned the A+ credential worldwide, as of 2014.[7]
maintained after January 2011 have a validity extension
In order to receive CompTIA A+ certification a candi-
of 3 years.
date must pass two exams. The first exam is CompTIA
A+ 220-901, which covers PC hardware and peripherals,
mobile device hardware, networking, and troubleshoot-
1 Current certifications ing hardware and network connectivity issues. Also, a
candidate must pass CompTIA A+ exam 220-902, which
CompTIA administers its certification exams through covers installing and configuring operating systems in-
Pearson VUE testing centers. In addition to certification, cluding Windows, iOS, Android, Apple OS X and Linux.
CompTIA also provides corporate membership. It also addresses security, cloud computing fundamentals
and operational procedures.[8]
CompTIA’s “A+", “Network+", and “Security+" certi-
fications became accredited by the American National Candidates could still get certified with the 220-801 and
[9]
Standards Institute in 2008, and “Advanced Security 220-802 before CompTIA retired them in June 2016.
Practioner” (CASP) in 2011.[4] In January 2010 these
ANSI/ISO approved certifications fundamentally had
their conditions changed from lifetime certifications to 1.2 Network+
certifications that will expire every three years. Lifetime
certificates will remain valid for life, but any new certifi-
cations earned after December 31, 2010, will expire after
three years.[5]

1.1 A+ certification
The Network + Logo used for certified programs, repair shops,
The A+ certification demonstrates competency as a contractors, and technicians
computer technician. Officially, CompTIA A+ certifi-
cation is a vendor neutral certification that covers numer- Network+ is a certification that is used to measure
ous technologies and operating systems from such ven- skill as a network technician: understanding of network

1
2 1 CURRENT CERTIFICATIONS

hardware, installation, and troubleshooting. The current ize, design, and engineer secure solutions across com-
exam, N10-006, launched in February, 2015. plex enterprise environments. The CompTIA Advanced
Topics include configuration, management, and trou- Security Practitioner (CASP) Certification is aimed at
bleshooting of common wired and wireless network de- an IT security professional who has a minimum of 10
vices. Also included are emerging technologies such as years’ experience in IT administration including at least [18]
unified communications, mobile, cloud, and virtualiza- 5 years of hands-on technical security experience. "
tion technologies.[10] The CASP certification is approved by the Department
of Defense as an Information Assurance Technical Level
CompTIA recommends having the A+ certification, and III (IAT III), Information Assurance Manager Level II
nine months networking experience before sitting for the (IAM II) and Information Assurance System Architec-
exam, but this is not required. Network+ prepares one ture and Engineering Level II (IASAE II) professional
for continuing to Microsoft certifications and Cisco certi- as outlined in the DoD Directive 8570.01 Information
fications. A combination A+/Network+, A+/Server+, or Assurance Workforce Improvement Program. Two dif-
(just) Security+ certification can fulfill the elective exam ferent books discussing this certification in depth include
requirement of the Microsoft Certified Systems Admin- one from Pearson and one from Sybex.
istrator (MCSA) certification.[11]

1.5 Server+
1.3 Security+
Server+ is CompTIA’s certification that focuses on
Security+ is a certification dealing with computer secu- server-specific hardware and operating systems, and cer-
rity topics such as cryptography and access control, as tifies technical knowledge in areas such as RAID, SCSI,
well as business-related topics such as disaster recovery and multiple CPUs, as well as capabilities with server
and risk management. The current version, SY0-401, issues, including disaster recovery. It was developed
was released in 2014.[12] According to CompTIA, there in 2001, with updates that followed in 2005 and 2009.
are currently more than 45,000 people around the world The eight domains of the Server+ exam are General
who have earned this certification.[13] It is recommended, Server Hardware Knowledge, Installation, Configuration,
though not a requirement, that candidates have two years Upgrading, Proactive Maintenance, Environment Trou-
of security-related work experience. CompTIA Secu- bleshooting and Problem Determination, and Disaster Re-
rity+ passing score is 750 out of 900 [14] covery. A combination A+/Network+, A+/Server+ or
Exam topics include network security, compliance and Security+ certifications can fulfill the elective exam re-
operation security, threats and vulnerabilities as well as quirement for the Microsoft Certified Systems Adminis-
application, data and host security. Also included are ac- trator (MCSA) certification.
cess control, identity management, and cryptography.[15]
The Security+ exam can be applied as an elective to
1.6 CTT+
the MCSA: Security and the MCSE: Security specializa-
tions from Microsoft. For United States Department
The Certified Technical Trainer or CTT+ certification
of Defense employees, DoD 8570, IAT Level II certifi-
is a vendor-neutral certification that is applicable to train-
cation guidelines lists Security+ as one of four choices
ing professionals in all industries. It proves the mastery
(the others being GIAC Security Essentials Certifica-
of core instructor skills, including preparation, presen-
tion (GSEC), Security Certified Network Professional
tation, communication, facilitation, and evaluation in a
(SCNP), and Systems Security Certified Practitioner
classroom environment. The challenging CTT+ exam
(SSCP)).[16][17]
consists of two parts: a computer-based exam (CBT) and
a video-based exam (VBT).
1.4 CASP CTT+ certification can be used as proof of instructional
expertise for the following industry certifications: ACI
CompTIA released the CompTIA Advanced Security (Adobe Certified Instructor), MCT (Microsoft Certified
Practitioner certification on September 15, 2011. “The Trainer), and CNI (Certified Novell Instructor).
CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) Cer-
tification is a vendor-neutral credential. The CASP cer-
tification is intended to follow CompTIA Security+. The 1.7 CDIA+
CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner certification
was accredited by the International Organization for Stan- Certified Document Imaging Architect, or CDIA+,
dardization (ISO) and the American National Standards is a certification for competency in document imaging,
Institute (ANSI) on December 13, 2011. The CASP document management, and enterprise content manage-
exam will certify that the successful candidate has the ment. It certifies that one has the skills necessary to de-
technical knowledge and skills required to conceptual- velop a system for scanning, storing, and retrieving digital
1.9 Project+ 3

versions of documents and is currently the only industry 1.9 Project+

recognized certification in this area.
In the original designation Architect was spelled Ar- Project+ is a certification showing that one has the
chiTech to refer to the more technical nature of the knowledge needed to manage projects. CompTIA claims
word.[19] that Project+ is a globally recognized project manage-
ment certification that provides validation of fundamental
project management skills. Curriculum covers the entire
project life cycle from initiation and planning through ex-
1.8 Linux+ ecution, acceptance, support and closure. The exam is 90
minutes in duration and consists of 100 questions with a
passing score of 710 out of 900 according to the Comp-
Linux+ is a certification of knowledge of Linux operat-
TIA website.[21]
ing systems, from their installation and use to the basics
of applicable free software and open source licenses. This certification was previously named IT Project+.[22]
The Linux+ exam is intended for information technology
professionals who have between six and twelve months
of practical experience using Linux. The exam is broken 1.10 CTP+
down into several areas of Linux expertise: installation,
management, configuration, security, documentation, and Convergence Technologies Professional or CTP+ re-
hardware. places the Convergence+ exam.[23]

The test is a computer-based exam, many questions of CompTIA CTP+ is an international, vendor-neutral exam
which are multiple-choice with a question followed by that validates the core knowledge and skills IT profes-
four possible answers, at least one (but possibly more) of sionals need to sell and service convergent technologies.
which must be correct. Common subject matter for exam CompTIA offers this exam in conjunction with Certi-
topics include installation methods, boot loader configu- fication Partners, LLC, who created the original CTP
ration, managing packages (Debian and RPM manage- exam. CTP+ covers basic requirements analysis, imple-
ment systems are covered), navigating directories via the mentation and management of basic data components and
command line, using the bash shell, security considera- voice and multimedia applications, as well as basic prob-
tions, network administration (including TCP/IP config- lem analysis and resolution for convergent technologies.
uration), mounting file systems (such as NFS, SMB or Although not a prerequisite for CompTIA CTP+ certi-
ext3) and managing configuration files for the more com- fication, it is recommended that candidates are Comp-
mon applications that Linux servers are expected to run. TIA Network+ certified or have equivalent knowledge,
Although configuring and running the X Window system as well as roughly 24 months of work experience in areas
is included in the formal exam objectives, there are rarely that include data networking, telephony and convergence-
any questions pertaining to this as the exam focuses on related technologies.
Linux as a server and network operating system rather
than for use as a desktop platform.
1.11 PDI+
The Linux+ exam has undergone some criticism since its
inception,[20] due to the excessive amount of hardware-
Printing and Document Imaging or PDI+ was an
related questions that were on the exam initially, many of entry-level, vendor-neutral certification proving compe-
which were covered on the A+ exam. The newest version
tence in basic maintenance of printers, scanners, copiers
of the exam, available as of February 2005, does away and fax machines. CompTIA retired the Printing
with this problem.
and Document Imaging (PDI+) exam on January 31,
CompTIA began the process of updating the Linux+ cer- 2014.[24]
tification in July, 2008. The update process began with a The certification was recognized by several industry lead-
Job Task Analysis (JTA), in which Linux subject matter ers, including Canon, Sharp and Xerox, as a benchmark
experts evaluate the job roles and tasks for IT profession- certification for professionals that service and support
als who work with open source operating systems. The document imaging devices.[25] PDI+ covered a techni-
information was used to update the exam objectives and cian’s understanding of basic electromechanical compo-
items. The exam was 90 minutes in duration and con- nents and tools, print engine and scan processes and com-
sisted of 98 questions with a passing score of 675 out of ponents, color theory, connectivity and networking. The
900. exam also covered soft skills such as customer service,
The new LPI (Linux Professional Institute) powered professionalism, safety and environment. While there
Linux+ replaced the old CompTIA Linux+ on October were no prerequisites for the CompTIA PDI+ certifica-
31, 2010, it consists of two exams (LX0-101, and LX0- tion exam, it was recommended that entry-level candi-
102), 60 questions each. The exam is 90 minutes long, dates have foundation-level knowledge or hands-on expe-
and requires a 500 on a scale of 200-800 to pass. rience working with printing and document imaging de-
4 2 CERTIFICATES

vices. • Regulatory requirements

• Organizational behavior
1.12 Storage+
• IT operations
The Storage+ Powered by SNIA (Storage Network-
ing Industry Association) certification exam focuses on • Medical business operations
the skills needed to configure basic networks to include
archive, backup, and restoration technologies. Also, the • Security
candidate should be able to understand the fundamen-
tals of business continuity, application workload, sys-
tem integration, and storage/system administration, while 2.2 Discontinued certifications
performing basic troubleshooting on connectivity issues
and referencing documentation.[26][27][28] This certifica- 2.2.1 Strata IT for Sales
tion was retired on January 15, 2016.[29]
The CompTIA IT for Sales certificate demonstrates a
professional knowledge in technology basics necessary
1.13 Cloud Essentials to complete sales activities with customers in technical
fields.
The Cloud Essentials specialty certification demon-
strates an individual knows what cloud computing means The exam covers proper communication skills to engage
from a business and technical perspective, as well as what a customer, identify types of technology users, provide
is involved in moving to and governing the cloud.[30][31] appropriate solutions based on needs and requirements—
including green IT and preventative maintenance—and
coordinate with technical staff throughout the sales pro-
cess. The test will also assess the candidate’s knowledge
2 Certificates in ongoing customer case and engagement and proper
customer satisfaction techniques.[35] This certificate has
CompTIA certificates include fundamental and advanced been discontinued by CompTIA as of December 31,
credentials that validate an understanding of basic to spe- 2013
cialized technology in the workplace.[32]

2.2.2 Green IT
2.1 Current certificates
The CompTIA Green IT certificate ensures knowledge
2.1.1 CompTIA IT Fundamentals and skills necessary to implement environmentally sound
techniques within an organization’s IT infrastructure.
The CompTIA IT Fundamentals exam (FC0-U51) had The certificate enhances existing IT credentials to incor-
replaced the CompTIA Strata IT Fundamentals exam porate emerging technologies that shape the global green
(FC0-U41), which had been retired August 30, 2015.[33] IT industry.[36][37] This certificate has been discontinued
by CompTIA as of December 31, 2013
The CompTIA IT Fundamentals exam covers founda-
tional IT concepts including identifying and explaining
computer components, installing software, establishing
2.2.3 CEA-CompTIA DHTI+
network connectivity and preventing security risks.
The exam covers solid grounding in technology con- The DHTI+ was a vendor-neutral certification that
cepts and practices, and no previous IT experience is re- demonstrated a technician’s ability to configure, in-
quired. It is meant for students preparing to enter the tegrate, maintain, troubleshoot, and comprehend the
IT workforce and professionals changing careers to IT or basic design concepts of electronic and digital home
technology-related fields. systems.[38] The DHTI+ was retired on December 31,
2009. No replacement certification has been announced.
2.1.2 Healthcare IT Technician
2.2.4 e-Biz+
The CompTIA Healthcare IT Technician certificate cov-
ers the knowledge and skills required to implement, de- The e-Biz+ certification covers basic knowledge about e-
ploy, and support healthcare IT systems in various clinical commerce. The e-Biz+ certification was discontinued in
settings.[34] English on December 31, 2005, but it can still be taken
The certification exam covers: in Japanese or Korean.
 5

2.2.5 HTI+ with CompTIA, and that the change effectively showed
CompTIA reneging on a deal.[43] Less than a month after
The HTI+ certification for home technology integra- making this announcement, CompTIA reversed its deci-
tors was retired in 2007[39] and replaced by the CEA- sion. Under the new policy, only certificates received af-
CompTIA DHTI+ certification. ter January 1, 2011, will need to be renewed every three
years; however, a certain amount of documented hours
geared towards use of the certification will automatically
2.2.6 i-Net+ renew the certification.[44]

The i-Net+ certification deals with basic knowledge of

Internet, intranet, extranet, and electronic commerce
technologies. Topics on the exam include distinguishing
4 See also
between server-side and client-side scripting, basic net-
working via command line, e-commerce, and e-business, • Computer repair technician
security via digital signatures, copyright licenses (includ-
• List of Computer Security Certifications
ing the GPL), and basic HTML coding. The i-Net+ cer-
tification was retired on December 31, 2007. Those who
currently have the i-Net+ certification continue to be cer-
tified. 5 References
[1] “Information Technology (IT) Industry & Association |
2.2.7 Convergence+ CompTIA | Our Story”. www.comptia.org. Retrieved
2016-01-30.
The CTP+ certification replaces Convergence+ as
[2] "(IT) Information Technology Philanthropy | CompTIA”.
CompTIA’s convergent technologies exam. Comp-
www.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
TIA Convergence+ was available through October 31,
2010.[23] [3] “Information Technology (IT) Industry Certifications |
CompTIA”. www.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

2.2.8 RFID+ [4] “Computing Technology Industry Association (Comp-

Radio Frequency Identification or RFID+ tests the
knowledge and skills necessary for working with radio-
frequency identification technology.
From the CompTIA Customer Support Center: The
RFID market has been much slower to take off than the
industry expected. Companies are still doing pilots, wait-
ing to confirm return on investment. As a result, while
there is still need for training and education in RFID, the
need for certification has lagged the training need. The
certification was launched 5 years ago, but there is not
enough demand for RFID certification to justify of the
cost of updating the exam.
The RFID+ Certification was retired on December 31,
2011.[40][41]
TIA)". www.ansi.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
[5] “What Is CE | Continuing Education | CompTIA IT Cer-
tifications”. certification.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-
30.
[6] “Technology Certifications”. otc.edu.
[7] “Meet Logan Murphy – Our One Millionth A+ Certified
IT Pro”. certification.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
[8] “A+ (Plus) Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications”.
certification.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
[9] https://certification.comptia.org/certifications/a/
comptia-a-900-faq
[10] “Network+ Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications”.
certification.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.

[11] “Apply Your Credentials to Microsoft Certifications”.

Microsoft. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
3 Controversy
[12] “Comptia Security+". Comptia. Retrieved April 28,
2014.
For over ten years, CompTIA marketed its flagship A+,
Network+ and Security+ certifications as being valid for a [13] “About CompTIA Security+ Certification”. CompTIA.
lifetime. In January 2011, however, CompTIA changed Retrieved February 10, 2008.
the status of these certifications so that they would ex-
pire every three years. Under this proposal, certified in- [14] “CompTIA Security+ Certification”. CompTIA. Re-
trieved November 15,2016. Check date values in: |access-
dividuals would have to re-cert for the exams or pay a
date= (help)
yearly maintenance fee for a CEU (Continuing Education
Units) system.[42] Some certified members felt that this [15] “CompTIA Security+ Certification”. certifica-
action breached the conditions of the original contract tion.comptia.org. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
6 6 EXTERNAL LINKS

[16] “DoDD Directive 8570.1”. College of Southern Mary-
land. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
[17] “DoD 8570.01-M Information Assurance Workforce Im-
provement Program” (PDF). United States Department of
Defense. January 24, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
[39] Dulaney, Emmett (October 10, 2007). “Goodbye HTI+,
Hello DHTI+". certCities.com. Retrieved January 18,
2010.
[40] RFID Journal. “RFID Journal Online Training”. rfidjour-
nal.com.

[18] “CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner”. CompTIA. [41] “RFID4U Asset tracking solution - Asset tracking -
Retrieved September 18, 2011. RFID4U”. RFID4U.

[19] “CDIA - Certified Document Imaging Architech”. Re- [42] Swanston, Matt (January 12, 2010). “Cert Shelf Life”.
trieved 12 June 2012. CompTIA. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

[20] Neilson, Greg (October 2, 2001). “Linux+ vs. LPI Level [43] Swanston, Matt (January 14, 2010). “Addressing Cer-
1”. certcities.com. Retrieved April 2, 2008. tification Concerns”. CompTIA. Retrieved January 25,
2010.
[21] “CompTIA Project+". CompTIA. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
[44] Anderson, Nate (January 26, 2010). “CompTIA backs
[22] “Project+ - combining the technical world and the down; past certs remain valid for life”. Ars Technica. Re-
business world: An Interview with Ayana Nickerson, trieved January 26, 2010.
project+ Certification Program Manager for CompTIA
(the Computing Technology Industry Association) Comp-
TIA Project+, project management, project design, gart-
ner institute, IT project management, critical busi- 6 External links
ness skills, interpersonal techniques, project manage-
ment methods, project scope, project budget, it project, • CompTIA at DMOZ
Project Management Institute, PMI, CompTIA, Comp-
TIA project+, project+, PMP, Project Management Pro- • CompTIA official website
fessional”. jidaw.com.

[23] “CompTIA to Retire CTP+ Certification Exam”. comp-

tia.org.

[24] “CompTIA PDI+ Certification”. CompTIA. Retrieved

April 22, 2014.

[25] “CompTIA PDI+". CompTIA. Archived from the origi-

nal on 2009-06-11.

[26] “CompTIA Storage+ certification, SNIA certification”.

comptia.org.

[27] “CompTIA Storage+ validates the skills of IT storage

pros”. net-security.org.

[28] “CompTIA + Storage Networking Industry Association =

a New Storage+ Certification Program”. cbtplanet.com.

[29] “SNIA FAQ”. snia.org.

[30] “CompTIA Cloud Essentials certification”. comptia.org.

[31] http://www.marketwatch.com/story/
comptia-cloud-essentials-targets-growing-need-for-cloud-computing-skills-2011-12-13

[32] “CompTIA Certificates”. comptia.org.

[33] “CompTIA IT Fundamentals”. comptia.org.

[34] “CompTIA Healthcare IT Technician”. comptia.org.

[35] “CompTIA Website Error”. comptia.org.

[36] “CompTIA Website Error”. comptia.org.

[37] “Green IT Trends Up as Organizational Priority: Comp-

TIA Study”. tmcnet.com.

[38] “CEA-CompTIA DHTI+". 2009. Retrieved January 18,

2010.
 7

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PaulHanson, Versageek, Camw, Wikiklrsc, Marudubshinki, David Levy, Rjwilmsi, Charles Gaudette, Gardar Rurak, Nathan256, Tox-
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