ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY IN BARANGAY SAN

ISIDRO, QUEZON, BUKIDNON

EMANO, MARIE ANN TERESE S.

An undergraduate research proposal to the Department of Civil

Engineering, College of Engineering, Central Mindanao University,
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

OCTOBER 2018
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Water means life. Water basically runs in all life forms of the world. It
affects sectors that contributes to economy development. As stated by the
Convention on Biological Diversity (2016), water is essential for human
needs, food security and most economic activities. It is the most precious
natural resource.
In 2010, the UN General Assembly explicitly recognized the human
right to water and sanitation. Everyone has the right to sufficient,
continuous, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water
for personal and domestic use.
The importance of water for human well-being and sustainable
livelihoods cannot be overstated. Water is the critical natural resource
which underpins all social and economic activity. Without water food
production stops, cities cease to function, economic activity halts, forests
turn to desert (Conservation on Biological Diversity, 2016).
Water connects every aspect of life. Access to safe water and
sanitation can quickly turn problems into potential unlocking education,
work opportunities, and improved health for women, children and families
across the world ("Water Crisis - Learn About The Global Water Crisis |
Water.org", 2018)
As demand rises and competition for this precious resource
increases, all users across the planet can no longer guarantee
uninterrupted access to water supplies and therefore the water dependent
benefits such as agriculture, energy and health (World Water Day, 2016).
Water is a scarce resource. It is critical to social and economic
development, and directly affects the behaviour of society (Klohn, 1999).
 Statement of the Problem

Life depends on water. Water runs every life form in the world. It is
an essential to everyday life of human beings. Continuous irregularity of
water due to shortage would irrevocably bring life of people into havoc in
terms of their health and livelihoods. Moreover, this instability certainly will
hinder a community’s development.
Utilization of capable water sources would prevent this occurrence.
By way of assessment of water systems in some barangay, particulary in
Barangay San Isidro, Quezon, Bukidnon could contribute to the
improvement and sustainable development of the barangay’s water
system.

Significance of the Study

The water system in Barangay San Isidro, Quezon, Bukidnon is the

main concern of the assessment. This will lay information about the current
state of the Barangay’s water system and sources. The result of this study
may serve as the benchmark for future enhancement of the barangay’s
water system.
 Objectives of the Study

The general purpose of the study is to assess the domestic water

supply system in Barangay San Isidro in the Municipality of Quezon,
Bukidnon.

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1. Determine the sources of domestic water supply;

2. Determine the location of the sources of water in the barangay by
using Global Positioning System (GPS);
3. Determine the water level of service of the said barangay;
4. Evaluate of the existing hydraulic structures in the barangay water
system;
5. Determine the problems that have been encountered in the
barangay water supply system; and
6. Make a policy recommendation to the barangay.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focuses to evaluate the water supply system and

determine the source of water supply in Barangay San Isidro, Quezon,
Bukidnon. Water quality testing and determination of the water’s flow rate
supply have no part in the study.
 Locale of the Study

Quezon is a municipality in the landlocked province of Bukidnon.

The municipal center of Quezon is situated at approximately 7° 44' North,
125° 6' East, in the island of Mindanao. It is 75 kilometers (47 mi) from the
City of Malaybalay, 162 kilometers (101 mi) from Cagayan de Oro City and
145 kilometers (90 mi) from Davao City. Elevation on the said coordinates
is estimated at 276.8 meters or 908.0 feet above mean sea level.
The municipality has a land area of 626.86 square kilometers or
242.03 square miles constitutes 5.97% of Bukidnon's total area.
31 barangays constitutes the municipality of Quezon and Barangay
San Isidro is one of these barangays (See Figure 1). Its population as
determined by the 2015 Census was 810. This represented 0.78% of the
total population of Quezon.
San Isidro is situated at approximately 7.6973, 125.0589, in the
island of Mindanao. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 288.2
meters or 945.5 feet above mean sea level. San Isidro shares a common
border with the barangays; Minsamongan of Quezon, Bukidnon, Manuto of
Quezon, Bukidnon, Minsalirak of Quezon, Bukidnon, Kibatang of Don
Carlos, Bukidnon, San Antonio East of Don Carlos, Bukidnon and Camp I
of Maramag, Bukidnon.
Figure 1. Political Map of the Municipality of Quezon, Bukidnon.
Figure 2. Road network map of Barangay San Isidro, Quezon, Bukidnon
 1

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Earth is mostly water. About 71% of the Earth's surface is water-
covered, and the oceans hold about 96.5%t of all Earth's water. Water exists
in air as water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the
ground as soil moisture, aquifers and everywhere (USGS, 2016).
Water is the essence of life. Its availability determines where and how
animals and plants exist on Earth. Humans need water for consumption, for
producing food, and for manufacturing. Human also are attracted to water for
its esthetic value and for the recreational opportunities it offers. At the same
time, all other life forms on Earth require water for their sustenance (Healy,
Winter, LaBaugh & Franke, 2007).
Its essentiality for productive uses can enhance people’s livelihood
options by making significant additions to household food security and
nutrition, and generate income (Maluleke, Cousins & Smits, 2005).
Just how massive can water contributes to development, it
tremendously be a cause for devastation. In 2015, World Economic Forum’s
annual Global Risks Report named water crises the greatest risk to
economies, environments, and people.
According to the World Wildlife Fund “some 1.1 billion people
worldwide lack access to water, and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce for
at least one month of the year”. Water scarcity’s potent to destruction is
inevitable as “Inadequate sanitation is also a problem for 2.4 billion people,
they are exposed to diseases, such as cholera and typhoid fever, and other
water-borne illnesses. Two million people, mostly children, die each year
from diarrheal diseases alone (WWF).
According to Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific (2007),
population growth and economic development are driving significant
increases in agricultural and industrial demand for water. Agriculture
accounts for more than two-thirds of global water use, including as much as
 2

90 percent in developing countries. Likewise from report of the UN Water

(2016), estimates suggest that 95% of jobs in the agriculture sector, 30% of
jobs in the industry sector, and 10% of jobs in the services sector are heavily
dependent on water. Additionally, an estimated 5% of jobs in the agriculture
sector, 60% of jobs in the industry sector and 30% of jobs in the services
sector are moderately dependent on water.
Increase in population has shown not only the cause of such
devastation, climate change will affect water scarcity and sustainable supply
as it will Increase water shortages due to changes in precipitation patterns
and intensity (Bates, Kundzewicz, & Palutikof, 2008).
According to Garg, (2007), water as being one of the most essential
necessity of life, becoming an increasing scare resource, needs careful
planning and management in the context of meeting the demands of an
increasing population. It is by means managing our finite water resources for
present needs while keeping in mind the future requirement of next
generation. It also means looking at fresh water as an exhaustible, natural
and essential resource and seeing watershed areas as sustainable units of
water resource development and management.

Despite the fact that Philippines is beign surrounded by water, it is

likely to face shortages in the near future. According to data from the
National Water Resources Board (2016), the total freshwater resources in
the Philippines, including water from lakes and river basins and
groundwater, is about 149.5 billion cubic meters per year and data compiled
by the World Bank, as of 2014 the Philippines’ total water demand is about
81.6 billion cubic meters per year. Though it very much supplies the need of
water, but the surplus is rapidly shrinking year after year as the population
and the economy grow due to President Rodrigo Duterte’s socioeconomic
strategy.
 3

The Philippines obtains its water supply from different sources. These
include: rainfall, surface water resources, i.e. rivers, lakes, and reservoirs,
and groundwater resources. It has 18 major river basins and 421 principal
river basins as defined by the National Water Regulatory Board (NWRB ).

The basic need for water includes water used for personal hygiene, but
defining a minimum has limited significance as the volume of water used by
households depends on accessibility as determined primarily by distance
and time, but also including reliability and potentially cost. Accessibility can
be categorised in terms of service level. The level of water service specifies
the level of performance people can expect from their water supply
(Anchorez, 2016):
 Level 1 (Point Source) – this level provides a protected well or a
developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system,
generally adoptable for rural areas where the houses are thinly
scattered. The consumers would go to the water source to fetch
water. It normally serves 15-25 households and its outreach must not
be more than 250 meters from the farthest user.
 Level 2 (Command Faucet System or Stand Posts) – this is a system
composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and
communal faucets, located at not more than 25 meters from the
farthest house. One faucet is designed to serve 4-6 households.
Generally suitable for rural and urban areas where houses are
clustered densely to justify a simple piped system.
 Level 3 (Waterworks System or Individual House Connections) – this
is a system composed of distribution source, a reservoir, a pipe
distribution network and individual household taps. It is generally
suited for densely populated urban areas. This level of facility requires
a minimum treatment of disinfection (Philippines Standards for
Drinking Water 1993).
 4

When water comes from improved and more accessible sources,

people spend less time and effort physically collecting it, meaning they can
be productive in other ways. This can also result in greater personal safety
by reducing the need to make long or risky journeys to collect water. Better
water sources also mean less expenditure on health, as people are less
likely to fall ill and incur medical costs, and are better able to remain
economically productive. With children particularly at risk from water-related
diseases, access to improved sources of water can result in better health,
and therefore better school attendance, with positive longer-term
consequences for their lives (WHO, 2018).
 5

METHODOLOGY

The following are the sequence of the assessment (see Figure 3).

Communication and Coordination Activities

Development of Survey Questionners

Field Visit and Data Collection

Data Analysis

Manuscript Writing

Figure 3. Procedural framework of the study.

 6

Communication and Coordination Activity

A formal communication of request letter to the Municipal

Mayor of Quezon, Bukidnon will be provided by the researcher for the
permission to conduct the study in the municipality and likewise to the
Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) for the purpose of
collecting the secondary information such as map of the barangay, data
about the water sources and other necessary data. For thorough approval,
for security assurance and along with guidance within the area for study, a
request for coordination letter will also be addressed to the Punong
barangay and officials of Barangay San Isidro.

Development of Survey Questionnaires

A survey questionnaire will be made for data-gathering purposes.

This includes the personal information of respondents as well as the water
supply data. The data that will be gathered will serve as the cornerstone for
evaluating the domestic water supply system of Barangay San Isidro.
 7

Field Visit and Data Collection

For the developed survey questionnaire to be legally filled, an actual

interview will be implemented. Additionally, all secondary information
necessary in the research will be obtained from Barangay San Isidro and
Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO).
Water sources location will be generated using Global Positioning
Systems and/or Geographical Maps.

Data Analysis

All information collected will be organized and summarized in

preparation for analysis. The analysis of the data will be used for the
progress of the water supply system of the said barangay.

Manuscript Writing

The data analyzed will be encoded to have a final output of the study,
as a formal output for presentation.
 8

Table 1. Budgetary Plan

BUDGET ALLOCATION
Activities Cost
Transportation Php 5,000
Writing of Manuscript & Printing Php 2,000
Internet/Research Fees Php 1,000
Miscellaneous Fees Php 2,000
Total Php 10,000
 9

Table 2. Work Plan

Months
Activities Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April
2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019
1. Thesis Proposal
2. Coordination with
Local Officials
3. Development of
Survey
Questionnaires
4. Conducting the
Survey
5. Data Gathering
7. Site Visit and Field
Survey of Water
Source, Hydraulic
Survey and Data
Gathering
8. Data Analysis
9. Manuscript Writing
10. Final Report
 10

References

Perlman, H., & USGS. (n.d.). How much water is there on, in, and above the
Earth? Retrieved from https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html

Maluleke, T., Cousins, T., & Smits., S. (2005). Securing Water to Enhance
Local Livelihoods (SWELL): Community-based planning of multiple uses of
water in partnership with service providers [Case study]. Retrieved from
http://award.org.za/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/03/Case-Study-SWELL-
final.pdf

Healy, R.W., Winter, T.C., LaBaugh, J.W., and Franke, O.L., 2007, Water
budgets: Foundations for effective waterresources and environmental
management: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1308, 90p.

“Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2007,” Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific, United Nations, New York, 2007.
Retrieved from http://www.unescap.org/STAT/data/syb2007/26-Wateruse-
syb2007.asp

B.C. Bates, Z.W. Kundzewicz, S. Wu and J.P. Palutikof, Eds., “Climate

Change and Water,” Technical Paper VI of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, June 2008.

Save Water Save Life by Neelima Garg. (2018). Retrieved from

https://www.boloji.com/articles/4815/save-water-save-life

Water Crisis - Learn About The Global Water Crisis | Water.org. (2018).
Retrieved from https://water.org/our-impact/water-crisis/

B.Appelgren., W.Klohn. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B:

Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere Volume 24, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 361-
373