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CHFEN 3553 Chemical Reaction Engineering: April 28, 2003 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM Answer All Questions
CHFEN 3553 Chemical Reaction Engineering: April 28, 2003 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM Answer All Questions
Recycle Reactor
kτ ⎡ C + RC Af ⎤
= ln ⎢ A0 ⎥
R +1 ⎢⎣ ( R + 1)C Af ⎥⎦
C A0 = 4, X = 0.6, C Af = 1.6, R = 5,τ = 10
kτ ⎡ C A0 + RC Af ⎤ ⎡ 4 + 5 ⋅1.6 ⎤
= ln ⎢ ⎥ = ln ⎢ ⎥ = 0.2231
R +1 ⎣⎢ ( R + 1)C Af ⎦⎥ ⎣ (5 + 1) ⋅1.6 ⎦
k = 0.1339s -1
CSTR first, τ cstr = 50 / 20 = 2.5s
kτ 0.1339 ⋅ 2.5
X1 = = = 0.2508
1 + kτ 1 + 0.1339 ⋅ 2.5
16 points
3.5
2.5
1.5 Series1
0.5
0
-1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-0.5
-1
n=2.52
k=10.1
3. An elementary irreversible liquid-phase reaction A + B → C is carried out in a CSTR. A and B are fed at
molar rates of 1.25 mol/s and 1 mol/s respectively, at a temperature of 300 K. The reactor is jacketed and
the jacket temperature can be assumed to be 310 K. An agitator contributes a work of 20.9 kW to the
reactor. The volumetric flow rate is 5 lit/s. Additionally:
H A0 (298 K ) = −20 kcal/mol H B0 (298 K ) = −25 kcal/mol H C0 (298 K ) = −60 kcal/mol
cal cal
C pA = C pB = 40 , C pC = 55
mol ⋅ K mol ⋅ K
lit cal
k = 0.01 at 300 K, U ⋅ A = 75 , E = 8 kcal/mol
mol ⋅ s s⋅K
Determine the volume of the reactor for 60% conversion of A.
16 points
T=
( )
FA0 X −∆H Rx (TR ) + ∆Cˆ p ⋅ TR + FA0 (θ AC pA + θ B C pB )T0 + UATa − W
FA0 (θ AC pA + θ B C pB ) + UA + FA0 X ∆Cˆ p
cal
∆Cˆ p = 55 − 40 − 40 = −25
mol − K
1.25 ⋅ 0.6 (15, 000 − 25 ⋅ 298 ) + 1.25 ⋅ (1⋅ 40 + 0.8 ⋅ 40) ⋅ 300 + 75 ⋅ 310 + 5000
T=
1.25 ⋅ (1 ⋅ 40 + 0.8 ⋅ 40) + 75 + 1.25 ⋅ 0.6 ⋅ (−25)
T = 416.5 K
k2 − E ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ −8000 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞
ln = ⎜ − ⎟= ⎜ − ⎟
k1 R ⎝ T1 T2 ⎠ 1.987 ⎝ 416.5 300 ⎠
k2 = 0.4268
FA0 X C A0 vX vX
V= = =
− rA kC A0 (1 − X )(θ B − X ) kC A0 (1 − X )(θ B − X )
2
mol lit
C A0 = 1.25 / 5 = 0.25 ,v=5
lit s
5 ⋅ 0.6
V= = 351.43 liters
0.4268 ⋅ 0.25 ⋅ (1 − 0.6)(0.8 − 0.6)
4. Mechanism of a catalytic reaction A → B is shown below.
⎯⎯→
kA
A + S ←⎯⎯ A⋅ S
k− A
⎯⎯→
kS
A ⋅ S ←⎯⎯ B⋅S
k− S
⎯⎯→ B + S
kD
B ⋅ S ←⎯⎯
k− D
Write down the rates of adsorption, surface reaction and desorption and derive an effective rate when, surface
reaction is rate controlling.
16 points
C A⋅S
rAD = k A ( p ACv − )
KA
rAD
=0
kA
CB⋅S
rS = k s (C A⋅S − )
KS
rD = k D (CB⋅S − pB Cv / K DB )
rD
=0
kD
C A⋅S = K A p ACv
pB Cv
CB⋅S = = K B pB Cv
K DB
Substitute into rS
K B pB Cv K K p C
rS = k s ( K A p ACv − ) = k s ( K A p ACv − A B B v )
KS KS K A
K A pB Cv p
= k s ( K A p ACv − ) = k S K ACv ( p A − B )
KP KP
Ct = Cv + C A⋅S + CB⋅S = Cv + K A p ACv + K B pB Cv
Ct
Cv =
(1 + K A p A + K B pB )
pB Ct
rS = k S K A ( p A − )⋅
K P (1 + K A p A + K B pB )
pB
k S K ACt ( p A − )
KP
rS =
(1 + K A p A + K B pB )
5. A first-order reaction A → 3B is taking place in a PBR. The particles are 10 mm in diameter and the
intrinsic rate constant ( k ′ )is 0.8 lit/kg-cat-s. A conversion of 75% is desired. Feed at 4 mol/s, containing
40% A and 60% inerts enters the reactor at 1270C and 5 atmospheres. The engineer designing the reactor
neglects to consider that there might be internal diffusion to consider.
a. What weight of the catalyst does the engineer pack the reactor with?
b. If the diffusion coefficient is 0.08 cm2/s ad bulk density of the catalyst is 2.8 kg/liter, what
conversion would actually result with the catalyst packed?
c. What weight of the catalyst did he need to use to meet the design specifications of 75% conversion?
Assume that the reactor operates at constant pressure.
18 points
δ = 2, y A0 = 0.4, ε = 0.8
PBR Equation without the effectiveness factor
dX (1 − X )
FA0 = − rA' = kC A = kC A0
dW (1 + ε X )
dX kC A0 (1 − X ) k (1 − X )
= =
dW FA0 (1 + ε X ) v0 (1 + ε X )
(1 + ε X )
X
k 1
∫
0
(1 − X )
dX = W = (1 + ε ) ln
v0 1− X
− ε X = 1.8953
Pv0 = FT0 RT
lit
5 ⋅ v0 = 4 ⋅ 0.082 ⋅ 400 ⇒ v0 = 26.24
s
0.8
W = 1.8953
26.24
W = 62.17 kg
PBR with internal diffusion
kρ 0.8 ⋅ 2.8
φ=R = 0.5 = 2.6457
D 0.08
3 ⎛ φ ⎞
η= 2 ⎜
− 1⎟ = 0.5912
φ ⎝ tanh φ ⎠
3 ⎛ 2.6457 ⎞
= 2 ⎜
− 1⎟ = 0.7193
2.6457 ⎝ 0.9878 ⎠
Conversion with 62.17 kg
ηk 1
W = (1 + ε ) ln −ε X
v0 1− X
0.7193 ⋅ 0.8 1
62.17 = (1 + 0.8) ln − ε X = 1.3634
26.24 1− X
X = 0.66
Weight to acheive 75% conversion = 62.17/0.7193=86.4 kg
6. The residence time distribution function for a reactor is given below. The reaction is ½ order, CA0= 1
mol1/2
mol/lit and the rate constant is 2 1/2 . Determine the conversion in the reactor using the segregated-
lit − min
flow model.
0.5
E(t)
0 t (min) 2
17 points
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ C ⎞2
⎜ − ⎟ 2(1)t = ⎜ ⎟ −1
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ C0 ⎠
⎛C⎞
⎜ ⎟ = (1 − t ) 2
⎝ C0 ⎠ batch
2
C 0.5 1 1
= ∫ (1 − t ) 2 (0.5)dt =
0
(1 − t )32 = (1 + 1) =
C0 0 3 6 3
X = 0.6667