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CATOBAR
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Flight deck of USS Dwight D.

Eisenhower, showing catapult layout

Catapult launches aboard USS Ronald

Reagan

CATOBAR (Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery or Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery) is a system used for the
launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier. Under this technique, aircraft launch using a catapult-assisted take-off and land on the ship
(the recovery phase) using arrestor wires.

Although this system is costlier than alternative methods, it provides greater flexibility in carrier operations, since it imposes less onerous design elements on
fixed wing aircraft than alternative methods of launch and recovery such as STOVL or STOBAR, allowing for a greater payload for more ordnance and/or
fuel. CATOBAR can launch aircraft that lack a high thrust to weight ratio, including heavier non-fighter aircraft such as the E-2 Hawkeye and Grumman C-2 
Greyhound.[1][2][3]

Contents
1 Types
2 Current Users
2.1 Active CATOBAR Aircraft Carriers
3 Potential Users
4 See also
5 References

Types
Main article: Aircraft catapult

The catapult system in use in modern CATOBAR carriers is the steam catapult. Its primary advantage is the amount of power and control it can provide. Dur-
ing World War II the US Navy used a hydraulic catapult.

The United States Navy is developing a system to launch carrier-based aircraft from catapults using a linear motor drive instead of steam, called the EMALS.

Current Users
Only two countries currently operate carriers that use the CATOBAR system following the decommissioning of Brazil's NAe São Paulo in February 2017; the
U.S. Nimitz-class, U.S. Gerald R. Ford-class and France's Charles De Gaulle.

US Navy Gerald R. Ford-class carriers will use the EMALS electromagnetic aircraft launch system in place of steam catapults.[4]

Active CATOBAR Aircraft Carriers

No.of Aircraft
Class Picture Origin Propulsion Displacement Operator Catapult
ships Carried
 *F/A-18 
Hornet
United  United States  C-13-1 or C-13-2
Nimitz 10 Nuclear 100,020 tonnes *C-2 
States Navy steam
Greyhound

*E-2 Hawkeye

F-35C
United  United States 
Gerald R. Ford 1 Nuclear 100,000 tonnes EMALS
States Navy *E-2 Hawkeye

* Rafale M
Charles de 
France 1 Nuclear 37,085 tonnes French Navy * E-2C  C-13-3 steam
Gaulle
Hawkeye

Potential Users
The Chinese Type 002 aircraft carrier, currently under construction at the Jiangnan Shipyard, will feature an integrated electric propulsion system that will al-
low the operation of electromagnetic launch catapults, similar to the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) used by the United States Navy.[5][6]

INS Vishal, India's second indigenous aircraft carrier of the Vikrant-class, is planned to be of 65,000 ton displacement and to utilize the EMALS electromag-
netic aircraft launch system developed by General Atomics as it supports heavier fighters, AEW aircraft and UCAVs that cannot launch using a STOBAR ski 
jump ramps.[7]

See also
List of all aircraft carriers

References
1. ^ "How Effective Will China's Carrier-Based Fighters Be?".
2. ^ "US-India Collaboration on Aircraft Carriers: A Good Idea?".
3. ^ "Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier".
4. ^ "Gerald R Ford Class (CVN 78/79)". naval-technology.com. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
5. ^ Minnie Chan (1 November 2017). "Breakthrough to power most advanced jet launch system on China's second home-grown aircraft carrier". South 
China Morning Post.
6. ^ http://www.janes.com/article/75396/china-claims-to-have-developed-conventionally-powered-electromagnetic-catapult
7. ^ "Indian Navy seeks EMALS system for second Vikrant-class aircraft carrier".

v
t
e

Types of takeoff
takeoff and
and landing
landing

Assisted take-off
Balanced field takeoff
JATO
Takeoff Non-rocket spacelaunch
Rejected takeoff
Rocket launch
Zero-length launch

CATOBAR
CTOL
STOBAR
STOL
STOVL
Takeoff  V/STOL
and  VTHL/VTOHL
landing VTOL
Launch and recovery cycle
VTVL
VTHL
HTHL
HTVL

Belly landing
Corkscrew landing
Crosswind landing
Deadstick landing
Emergency landing
Forced landing
Hard landing
Landing
SRVL
Short-field landing
Soft landing
Splashdown
Touch-and-go landing
Water landing / Ditching
Floating landing platform

This page was last edited on 9 May 2018, at 14:10.

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