Handrail, Grating, Ladder PDF

E N G I N E E R I N G LT D .
HANDRAIL STANDARDS
HANDRAILS
AXESS LADDER SYSTEM
KICK FLAT SYSTEM
OPEN FLOORING
Member of PF Group
Guardrail Engineering Limited · Manders Industrial Estate · Old Heath Road · Wolverhampton WV1 2RP
Phone: 01902 871208 · Fax: 01902 453330
enquiries@guardrailgroup.com · www.guardrailgroup.com
Introduction 2
Guardrail Engineering Limited.
Guardrail is a member of the PF group of Companies. It first traded in 1983 and was incorporated as a Limited
Company in 1985.
Our Industrial Hand-railing (including “ball” type handrail posts), Vertical Access Ladder system “AXESS”, Open
Flooring & Kick Flat System is supplied to Structural & Coastal Engineers, Architects & Consultants, Fabricators
and General Industry alike. We can manufacture in Aluminium and Mild or Stainless Steel with a range of protec-
tive finishes that suit various applications.
We fully understand the need to meet Health & Safety requirements and our products conform to the latest
British Standards where applicable.
Guardrail is NQA approved (Certificate No. 1613) to BS EN ISO 9001

and our Technical and Production team ensure that customer needs are met to
the full.
BS EN ISO 9001
Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

www.guardrailgroup.com · Email: enquiries@guardrailgroup.com
HANDRAIL STANDARDS
Tubular & Solid Handrail Standards 4

Load Table:
The table below shows the spacing of various type of 1100 mm high handrail standards to achieve required
loadings for various codes of practice.
Handrail Standard Handrail Horizontal Design Load
0.22 kN/m 0.36 kN/m 0.50 kN/m 0.74 kN/m 1.00 kN/m
Tubular
33.7 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 33.7 mm o.d. 1650 mm 1075 mm 750 mm - -
42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 33.7 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1850 mm 1450 mm 1050 mm -
42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1900 mm 1500 mm 1100 mm -
48.3 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 2000 mm 2000 mm 1500 mm 1200 mm
Solid
32 mm o.d. 33.7 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1350 mm 1100 mm - -
38 mm o.d. 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 2000 mm 1800 mm 1400 mm 1100 mm
40 mm o.d. 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 2000 mm 2000 mm 1650 mm 1250 mm
Loads are unfactored - please contact our technical department should safety factored loading be required.
Types of standard:
Height Ball Dia

of Standard
Dia
Top
X
Height of Handrail
Handrail
Ball Centres
Knee Rail
Height of Standard
Single Ball
Height of Standard
Height of Standard
Height of Handrail
Height of Standard
Shank Dia X
X Floor Level X
Base X
Pitch Line of
Stair Stringer
Double Ball Raked Three Ball
Handrail Standards
Guardrail Handrail standards can be manufacured in tubular or solid materials with varying outside
diameters, tube wall thickness, ball sizes, ball types in a multiple of material grades in Mild Steel, Stainless
Steel and Aluminium.
Many different heights, ball centres and tail lengths can be accommodated but to meet current regulations
we would recommend a ball centre of 500mm.

Base details:
Alternative base thickness 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. All dimensions are in millimetres.
8 8 8

4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3
8 8 8

$IA
$IA

$IA

²
4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3
8 8

4YPE'3 4YPE'3
Hole Diameter in bases as requested (standard 18 mm). Other types available on request along with steel to steel
or steel to concrete fixing bolts.

Tubular & Solid Sticks, Balls & Loose Bases 7
Standard industrial handrail components:
Tubular sticks:
Finish: Self colour (vented)
Ball Centres
Special and raked sticks on request

Usually available ex-stock
Ball size Rail size Shank

Outside diameter Outside Diameter
63 34 34
63 34 42
82 42 42
82 48 48
Tail
95 48 48
Solid fabricated sticks:

i.e. solid forged balls welded to solid bar shank
Finish: Self colour
Tubular Sticks Special and raked sticks on request
Usually available ex-stock
Ball size Rail size Shank

Outside diameter Outside Diameter
64 34 32
70 34 38
77 42 38
Ball Centres
Tubular Ball fittings (Mild steel):

Also available in Gr 316 stainless steel and aluminium
Theoretical Size Actual size Rail Size

Outside Diameter Outside diameter Outside Diameter
65 63 34
75 82 42
75/90 82 48
90 95 48
Tail
Solid forged balls (Mild steel):
Size Rail Size

Outside Diameter Outside Diameter
Solid Fabricated Sticks 64 34
70 34
77 42
Loose Base plates:

65 x 12 Flat, 2 x 18 dia. holes.
Others on request

Loose Base plate

Counterbalance Handrail on roof 8

HANDRAILS
Industrial Handrail System 10
Industrial Handrail System:

Guardrail’s industrial handrail system consists of “Ball” type handrail
posts and individually fabricated handrails which once passed through the
ball in the post are locked into position by way of a grub-screw to form a
complete handrail.
Different post diameters, wall thickness and spacing coupled with a

variety of base types mean that the majority of loading requirements are
met whilst it’s aesthetic qualities are usually preferred to clamp and other
types of handrail systems.
The system is easily erected/dismantled in small sections and can be

“tailored” to suit many applications.
All products are available in mild, stainless steel and aluminium.
Industrial Handrail Systems

Current regulations require “All
platforms and walkways to have
protective barriers on all open
sides, consisting of a handrail, knee
or intermediate rail, toe-plate and
Handrail Standards”.
The distance between two rails, or

between the lower rail and the top
of an up-stand shall be no more than
500mm.

Shop Fabricated Handrailing 11

10 APPROX
W ORK SHOP FABRICATED BENDS
USUALLY SUPPLIED PLAIN ENDS PLASTIC CAP
IN RAIL END
TYPICAL
(SOME AVAILABLE EX-STOCK) EYE WELDED
TO STD
`D` SHACKLE OR
HANDRAIL TUBE SIZES AVAILABLE:- SNAP HOOK
A P
25 N.B TUBE (33.7 O/D) CHAIN TYPE
32 N.B TUBE (42.4 O/D) DETAIL
B
40 N.B TUBE (48.3 O/D)
J
A
J
500
BALL CENTRES
TO SUIT
RETURN (`D`) BEND

J
A
J
P
B
J
500
90 deg BEND
NO JOINTS TO BE POSITIONED
A P
BETWEEN TWO CORNER STANDARDS
1000
0
50 J
P
J
ANGLE TO
BALL CENTRES
SUIT +/- 1 deg

TO SUIT
J
RB
STAIRCASE J
RETURN BEND
STAIR RISE
1100 Design Height
00 J
10
EQ
900 generally
EQ
ANGLE TO
1000
SUIT +/- 1 deg
RAMP BEND
NOTE!
NOTE! Joints to be positioned 150 max from
ANGLES TO In some instances centre of a standard or preferably on
SUIT +/- 1 deg weld-elbows are used centre of standard. ie; within the ball.
to achieve required There should be no joints between
two corner standards.
sizes if machine bends
are not possible.
TO SUIT
UP
UP TO SUIT M8 x 8 grubscrews
6400 APPROX
INTERNAL GRUB
W REATH TYPE SCREW TYPE JOINT
STAIRCASE BEND RA NDOM LENGTHS
JOINT

8 50
HANDRAIL SELF CLOSING
" "
HANDRAIL LAYOUT SPRING ASSEMBLIES
( CAN BE SOLD
75
SEPARATELY )
50
150
50
P P P ADVISE POST CENTRES
DRILL & TAP FIT PLASTIC CAPS

CHAIN FOR M8 X 8 IN RAIL ENDS
GRUBSCREW 14 DIA HOLES
WALL FLANGE STANDARD

W ALL FLANGES
NOTES!
P = The pitch of standards to suit

the design load
A or B should not be greater than 300mm
A + B should not exceed max pitch P.

FULL HEIGHT LOWER
RB = return bend HINGE
GATE
J = joint in handrail
ALLOW FOR FINGER

CLEARANCE OF 75mm SIZE SIMILAR TO
GATE J KICK FLAT
P P RB
NO JOINTS BEFORE STANDARD

AT ANY RETURN BEND
J
Handrail Height
J
1100
KICKFLAT TUBE TO MATCH

O/D OF HANDRAIL
FLAT BAR
MESH INFILL PANELS W HERE

REQUIRED CLIPPED TO THE
POSTS AND HANDRAILS
HALF HEIGHT
GATE
SELF CLOSING
SPRING ASSEMBLY
FOR UPPER HINGE
ONLY
10 10
LOW ER HINGE UPPER HINGE
INTERNAL CLAMP
(EXPANDING) TYPE JOINT
DETAILS GATE HINGE DETAILS

Handrails 14

AXESS LADDER SYSTEMS

AXESS Vertical Ladder System 16



AXESS Vertical Ladder System Self Assembly:
Guardrail’s “AXESS” vertical permanent ladder system is of a safe, simple modular design offering individual
parts which bolt together to form a complete ladder.
Parts are usually kept in stock for quick delivery or can be supplied as a complete ladder once the floor to floor
dimension is given. This system tries to eliminate the need for expensive site surveys and the preparation of
detail drawings which adds to delivery time.
Health & Safety:

The unique design and production of AXESS components are generally BS compatible for the health and safety
conscious.
Flexible
AXESS is usually available ”off the shelf”
and is so flexible it will solve virtually any
access problem.
Easy to install
AXESS is straightforward to install.
Supplied in “flat-pack” form for ease of

transportation thus lending itself to export
projects


System Components: REQUIRED FOR

BS EN 14122

ITEM AX3
Ladder Extension
ITEM AX4
Extension to Floor

ITEM
AX6
ITEM AX8
Top Hoop
ITEM AX5
Top Step
ITEM AX11 ITEM AX1

Top Cage Long Ladder
Strap Section
ITEM AX9 ITEM AX7 2500mm
Lower Hoop Ladder Stay
ITEM AX10
Splice Plates
ITEMS AX13 & 14
Cage Splices
ITEM AX12 ITEM AX2

Lower Cage Short Ladder
Strap ITEM AX6 Section
Ladder Foot 1250mm


Ladder Assembly Detail:

NOTE
CUP HEAD BOLTS TO EXTENSIONS
PIECES ABOVE FLOOR LEVEL TO BE
FITTED TO THE INSIDE
OF THE LADDER
AX4
EXTENSION
TO FLOOR
AX3
EXTENSION
AX10 AX5
SPLICE TOP STEP
NOTE
CUP HEAD BOLTS TO LADDER
SECTIONS TO BE FITTED TO
THE OUTSIDE OF THE LADDER
AX7
STAYS
AX1/AX2
AX6 LADDER
FEET SECTIONS
NOTE
THE LONGER CUP HEAD BOLTS
ARE TO BE USED WHEN CONNECTING
3 No THICKNESSES OF MATERIAL
TOGETHER


Cage Assembly Detail:

!

!
FULL

HEIGHT GATE

Gates are a mandatory
requirement for
BS EN ISO 14122
!

!

CLIMB RESTRICTION PLATES ARE

AVAILABLE


AXESS Typical Examples 21

Typical examples - for approx 2000, 2500 or 3500 mm rises:
AX4 AX8
5 No AX11
STRAPS AX8
CUT TO AX4
1200
SUIT
AX8 5 No AX11
AX3
700
STRAPS
100 240
RE-DRILL FOR CUT STRAPS
1200
AX6 FEET TOP HOOP IF REQ TO SUIT
AX8
AX3
AX10 100 240
AX5 TOP STEP SPLICE AX6 FEET
1035
AX10
SPLICE AX13/AX14
AX7 STAYS AX5 TOP STEP SPLICE
CAN BE FITTED
TO ANY HOLE 2500 OPTIMUM
2200 MIN
2375
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS 3000 MAX
2000 APPROX UP TO 2300 MAX
AX9 5 No AX12
AX1 AX7 STAYS STRAPS
CUT TO CAN BE FITTED CUT TO
SUIT TO ANY HOLE AX9 SUIT
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS
AX1
AX6 FEET
3300 UP TO 3800 MAX
3500 APPROX
CUT DOWN MAIN LADDER

SECTION AT BASE TO SUIT
TYPICAL EXAMPLE FOR APPROX 2000mm RISE
(2000 TO 2300 mm) 2500 OPTIMUM
2200 MIN
2590
3000 MAX
AX4 AX8 AX10

SPLICE
5 No AX11
700
STRAPS
CUT TO AX2
CUT TO
1200
SUIT
SUIT
AX8
AX3
100 240
AX6 FEET AX6 FEET
AX9
CUT DOWN AX2 LADDER
DRILL FOR SECTION AT BASE TO SUIT
LOWER HOOP
AX5 TOP STEP OR USE TOP
STEP HOLES
AX10 (3300 TO 3800 mm)

SPLICE
AX7 STAYS
CAN BE FITTED
TO ANY HOLE
IN LADDER TO SUIT
REQUIREMENTS
AX1
CUT TO
2500 OPTIMUM
2400 UP TO 2700 MAX
2500 APPROX
SUIT
2515
2200 MIN
3000 MAX
AX6 FEET
CUT DOWN MAIN LADDER

SECTION AT BASE TO SUIT
(2400 TO 2700 mm)



Typical examples - for approx 3000 & 4000 mm rises:
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Typical examples - for approx 4500 & 5500 mm rises:
!8 !8 !8 !8
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KICK FLAT SYSTEM

Kick Flat System 26
KICK
FLAT ‘C’
SECTION
150mm high
giving high strength
to weight ratio
POST CONNECTIONS

Kick Flat System 27
END CAP
HINGE DETAIL CANTILEVER

Guardrail ”C” Section Kick Flat System is usually available ex-stock in approximately 3000mm or 6000mm random
lengths that can either be cut on site or shop fabricated to suit customer requirements.
These coupled with ’U’ type post connections give a flexible and easy to fit product that can be part of a new
installation or retro fitted to bring existing areas up to the requirements of the latest regulations.
The Standard recommended method of connection does not show any fixings on the pedestrian side of
walkways and as such gives platforms a tidy, clean and linear ”look”. As this product lends itself to being easy
to line / level / fix installation times are short.

Kick Flat System 28

OPEN FLOORING
Open Flooring 30

Open Flooring 31
RECTANGULAR PATTERN
OPEN FLOORING
Guardrail open steel flooring consists of flat bars on edge restrained by twisted square
GLOSSARY or indented round bars forge welded at right angles to give a grating mesh that offers
high strength to weight ratio.
of terms Panels can be finished: Self Colour, Galvanised or others on request.
Load-Bearing Bar Deep Binding Bar Cut-out CUT-OUT
A load-bearing A bar or section fixed An area of flooring removed
member spanning to the edge of a flooring to permit pipes, columns,
between supports. panel flush and projecting etc., to pass through or to
below the underside. clear obstructions
Transverse Bar Front Edging Bar Straight Shaping STRAIGHT-SHAPING

A member fixed at right A member attached to The part of a cut-out
angles to the load- the front of a stair tread which is straight.
bearing bars to provide or to a flooring panel.
lateral restraint.
Pitch H End Plate Curved Shaping

PITC
The distance centre- A plate fixed to a stair or The part of a cut-out
to-centre of load-bearing ladder tread for attaching which is curved.
bars or centres between to the stringer.
points of lateral support PIT
CH
to load-bearing bars.
Length (Direction of Span) TH
Curb Angle Segmental
LENG or Polygonal
The overall dimension of A member fixed to SEGMENTAL POLYGONAL
a flooring panel parallel concrete or supporting Types of flooring
with the load-bearing bars. steelwork at the perimeter panels used
of a flooring area. for platform
construction.
Width Kicking Plate ( Toe Plate)
The overall dimension A flat bar around the edge
of a flooring panel of a flooring panel and
measured at right angles projecting above the top Tangential
to the load-bearing bars. WID
TH
of the load-bearing bars. or Radial TANGENTIAL TANGENTIAL
The direction
LOAD
Binding Bar Net Area U T of span in BEARING
The actual area of flooring CUT-O segmental BARS
A bar or section fixed
to the edge of a flooring excluding cut-out areas. or polygonal
panel flush with the top Gross Area flooring panels.
of the load-bearing bar. The total area of flooring RADIAL RADIAL
including cut-out areas.
Flooring, Treads & Handrails for Industrial use

Aperture requirements BS 4592 ”Flooring, Treads & Handrails MESH TYPES
for Industrial use”.
The opening should prevent the passage of a 35mm
a x b
diameter sphere except where the grating is above a place
41 x 100
where people are working as opposed to occasionally
passing, then the openings should prevent a 20mm 30 x 100
diameter sphere. 34 x 100
Aperture requirements BS EN ISO 14122 “Safety of b N.B. 41 x 100
machinery” - “Permanent means of access to machinery” type does not
conform to the
Openings should prevent a 35mm sphere for occasional
requirements
passage underneath and a 20mm diameter sphere for of BS 4592
spaces more regularly worked, please contact our sales
department for specialist advice should any Guardrail
product be required for this standard.
Please contact our Technical Department for information a

on Open Flooring load capabilities.
Other mesh types available on request.

Open Flooring 32

Open Flooring 33
STAIR TREADS
OPEN TYP E Fixing dimensions for bolted end plates
Dimensions are in millimetres.
Pitch
line
50 16 min. overlap
65
Fixing holes/slots
y x ø14 for ø12 bolts
(stair treads) or
ø12 for ø10 bolts
(ladder treads)
Width of tread Dimension x Dimension y

in mm in mm in mm
Up to 100 32 16
101 to 149 40 (ladder treads)
150 to 175 75 30
176 to 249 100 (stair treads)
250 to 290 125
291 & over 175
Stairtread with Dimple Nosing.
CHEQUERPLATE Width of tread

in mm
Hole centres
in mm
Hole diameter
in mm
A B
Back of Tread may be
Flanged up thus to comply
with regulations where
100 30 45 12
max. 100mm gap is required 150 40 75 14
Alternative
Nosing 200 50 100 14
(Convex) Setting Out Point 250 50 100 14
(SOP)
300 50 125 14
Pitch Line
Go of Tread Lap
Rise
Tread Width
Flat
Nosing
28
Fixing Plate
Holes Thickness
A B
Chequerplate stairtread with Flat Nosing .


Please contact our Sales Department for
specialist advise should any ’Guardrail’
product be required to conform to
BS EN ISO 14122, BS 4592, BS 13374,
BS 6180 and The Work at Height Regulations.

Member of PF Group
Guardrail Engineering Limited · Manders Industrial Estate · Old Heath Road · Wolverhampton WV1 2RP
Phone: 01902 871208 · Fax: 01902 453330
enquiries@guardrailgroup.com · www.guardrailgroup.com

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E N G I N E E R I N G LT D .

Guardrail Engineering Limited.

Guardrail is NQA approved (Certiﬁcate No. 1613) to BS EN ISO 9001

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

33.7 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 33.7 mm o.d. 1650 mm 1075 mm 750 mm - -

42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 33.7 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1850 mm 1450 mm 1050 mm -

42.4 mm o.d. x 3.0 mm 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1900 mm 1500 mm 1100 mm -

32 mm o.d. 33.7 mm o.d. 2000 mm 1350 mm 1100 mm - -

38 mm o.d. 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 2000 mm 1800 mm 1400 mm 1100 mm

40 mm o.d. 42.4 mm o.d. 2000 mm 2000 mm 2000 mm 1650 mm 1250 mm

Height Ball Dia

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3

4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Standard industrial handrail components:

Special and raked sticks on request

Ball size Rail size Shank

Solid fabricated sticks:

Ball size Rail size Shank

Tubular Ball ﬁttings (Mild steel):

Theoretical Size Actual size Rail Size

Solid forged balls (Mild steel):

Size Rail Size

Loose Base plates:

Loose Base plate

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Industrial Handrail System:

Different post diameters, wall thickness and spacing coupled with a

The system is easily erected/dismantled in small sections and can be

All products are available in mild, stainless steel and aluminium.

Industrial Handrail Systems

The distance between two rails, or

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

RETURN (`D`) BEND

SUIT +/- 1 deg

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

DRILL & TAP FIT PLASTIC CAPS

WALL FLANGE STANDARD

P = The pitch of standards to suit

A + B should not exceed max pitch P.

ALLOW FOR FINGER

NO JOINTS BEFORE STANDARD

KICKFLAT TUBE TO MATCH

MESH INFILL PANELS W HERE

DETAILS GATE HINGE DETAILS

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

AXESS LADDER SYSTEMS

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

AXESS Vertical Ladder System Self Assembly:

Health & Safety:

Supplied in “ﬂat-pack” form for ease of

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

System Components: REQUIRED FOR

ITEM AX11 ITEM AX1

ITEM AX12 ITEM AX2

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

Ladder Assembly Detail:

Guardrail Engineering Ltd. · Tel. 01902 871208 · Fax 01902 453330

4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3

4YPE'3 4YPE'3 4YPE'3

!8 !8 !8 !8

!8 .O!8 !8