J. Env. Bio-Sci., 2015: Vol.

29 (2):545-549
(545) ISSN 0973-6913 (Print), ISSN 0976-3384 (On Line)

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION TRAINING BY KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA: A STUDY ON

RURAL PEOPLE CONVERGENCE
Sudhir Kumar Rawat* and Sarju Narain1
*Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mohoba, U.P., 210423, India.
1
Brahmanand Mahavidyalaya, Rath (Hamirpur)
[Correspondence author E-mail*: sudhirkvk@gmail.com]

Received: 10-04-2015 Accepted: 04-11-2015

Livestock production is a crucial component of agrarian economy that has highest potential to generating income and employment
which promote convergence among rural India. But livestock sector is handled as traditional sector, so output is not so good in
rural areas and requires training and financial help for this sector. On these-line the study was carried out to assessing
convergence issue through training conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Mahoba for transferring livestock technologies and
improving livelihoods of the rural areas of the district. A total of 743 households were surveyed from four blocks during 2013
follow a multistage stratified random sampling. Trained villagers were tent to adopt new technology even they have taken loan
from the bank for adopting new agricultural and dairying technology. The rate of adoption of technologies was higher than the
level of idea on the concept of breeding, feeding, housing, treatment, and marketing. The training and support provided by KVK
lead the increase in total house hold income in the population taken for study. It also helped to adopt new source of incomes like
bee keeping and better resource management like silage making, feed preparation and other byproducts. Farmers feel that lack
of proper training, lack of capital, lack of credit in time; small loan size and high interest rate are the major constraints affecting
sustainability of livestock technology adoption. Thus, outcome of the training and loaning facility showed that farmers generate
income through livestock enterprises and they transformed themselves.

Livestock's being an integral component of the agricultural 1. To study the socio-economic profile of livestock rearing by
farming system and complimentary to crop production. farmers in Mahoba district.
Livestock produces not only fulfill the nutritional needs but 2. To assess the convergence issue in terms of increase in
also contributes a lot in crops in the form of dung, manure household income among respondents due to training and
etc. It is observed that livestock is a kind of equal opportunity credit.
enterprise and main holding on this enterprise is in the hand 3. To know the perceptions of farmers regarding factors
of small and marginal farmers which are rearing poor animals affecting sustainability of livestock technology adoption.
with poor productivity and poor income. In this line KVK's are
well known convergence agency for training of animal rearing
farmers. However, in addition to K.V.K., Animal Husbandry MATERIAL AND METHODS
Department, Dugdh Vikas Department and many Non-
The present study was carried out in Mahoba district of
Governmental Organizations (NGO's) are also trying to
Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, which was the
organize rural people specially landless and marginal
operational area of K.V.K., Mahoba. The respondents' sample
landholding as the active income generating group and at the
constituted trainees of on campus and off campus training
same time to increase the overall productivity of different
programe on scientific dairy farming as well as non trainees
species of livestock. These agencies are also working in
from the same locality. A total of 743 farm households (Table-1)
Mahoba district of Bundelkhand. On this line a need based
were selected through multistage stratified random sampling
comprehensive training program was organized for farmers
technique in which 560 trainee and 183 non-trainee dairy
by K.V.K. Mahoba. The training objective was to improving
farmers covers 12 villages under 4 blocks namely, Jaitpur,
livelihood of the smallholders especially rural women through
Charkhari, Panwari and Kabrai of Mahoba district in 2013.
training on livestock technologies for sustainable income
Total 7 technologies such as Dairy cow rearing, Buffalo rearing,
generating activities in the year 2013. On these grounding
Poultry layer rearing, Poultry broiler rearing, Goat rearing,
following objective were selected under this study:
Sheep rearing, and Pig rearing were considered. In order to

NAAS Rating (2016)-4.20

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 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION TRAINING BY KVK
fulfill the study objectives, a questionnaire was prepared to
collect the required data. For collecting the necessary data,
the survey team explained to the respondents the objectives
of the study. All the collected data were processed and
analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the study. The
convergence among rural peoples in terms of socio-economic
and livelihood parameters due to involvement of K.V.K. are
determined. Though, livestock is traditionally practiced by the
respondents, the intervention thoughts K.V.K., by which they
received training on livestock and credit assistance through
the banks, is expected to have brought about livelihood
improvement. The score value also calculated to knowing
extent and rate of adoption. In this study a detailed discussion
were carried out on the ground of objectives.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Socio-economic profile of respondent: From Table-2, it is
clear that there are seven components such as Dairy cow
rearing, Buffalo rearing, Poultry layer rearing, Poultry broiler
rearing, Goat rearing, sheep rearing, and Pig rearing. Age of
the respondents is an important factor in involvement in any
activities. Average age of the respondent ranged from 37-
41years in case of all components. It was highest (52.48) in
case of pig rearing respondent with training, while lowest
(21.73) in case of goat rearing respondent without training.
Average age of the respondent is 40.54 and 36.96 respectively
for with and without training in all activities. Some workers
also reported majority of the livestock farmers were from the
middle age group, whereas 39.5% belonged to old age and
13% to young age group1. They also supported their findings
through mean age of livestock farmers which was 48.53 with
S.D. of ± 10.85. Average level of education of with training and
without training respondent is intermediate and illiterate
respectively. Earlier workers also reported majority of the
livestock farmers were illiterate (35.83%) followed by those
who could read and write (20.00%). Regarding family size of
the respondents, majority of the farmers were having medium
size of the family ranging from 4 to 7 numbers, almost (33%)
of the family having small and large family size which was
similar to earlier findings. On above issues similar result was
also reported by some workers2.
Issue of Convergence among respondents due to training and
credit facility regarding livestock technology: The extent and
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(546)
rate of adoption on different parameters of livestock
technologies is shown in Table-3. The score ranges from 1-
10 for different technologies. The score for rate of adoption is
higher than the score for idea about the concept for parameters
of breeding, feeding, treatment, housing and marketing of
livestock products. The increased score of adoption in trainees
may be attributed to the training imparted by K.V.K. This
finding was found similar to the results given by earlier
workers3-4. The study is also consistent with the findings of
other workers that most of the trainees were satisfied with
the training course content5. Some workers reported the ex-
trainees were found to have better adoption than Non trainees6.
The extent of credit received by the respondent in four locations
of the study is given in Table-4. It is seen that 27.87%
respondents without training did not receive any loan from
banks. Credit is one of the major thrust of the farmers for
rearing livestock due to their poor economic conditions. Credit
received by the training beneficiaries was higher than the non
training respondent. The loan size increased with the increase
the frequency of loan received due to reliability of the
beneficiaries' activities (Table-5). The amount of loan ranges
from Rs 25000-150000 and the rate and amount of loan was
higher for training than the non training households.
ISSUE OF CONVERGENCE: Convergence requires not only
knowledge, skill and action for fulfilling felt needs but also
credit for action. Table-6 indicates that convergence occurs
after a year in terms of increase in land area, family and
housing assets between with and without training households
irrespective of activities. The land area increased 8% and tube
well increased 12.28% with training households though it
increased only 2.5% and 9.3% in case of non training
households. Table also indicates that number of family and
housing assets increased higher than the non-training
households. This means the farmers having training exposure
and facilitate to credit earned more money than the farmers
of having without training and credit. The findings suggested
that training and financial assistance from banks (Table-4 and
5) are important instruments for increasing family income of
the farmers.
Factors Affecting Sustainability of Livestock Technology
Adoption: This part describes the information about the factors
affecting sustainability of livestock technology adoption. There
are several factors which are broadly categorized as technical,
 (547) RAWAT AND NARAIN

Table-1. : Distribution of beneficiaries for training by KVK Mahoba.

Table-2. : Socio-economic profile of the respondents.

Table-3. Extent and rate of adoption of different parameters of livestock technologies.

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 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION TRAINING BY KVK (548)

Table-4. Extent of credit (%) received by the respondent in study area.

Table-5. Extent of credit (%) received by the respondent in study area.

Table-6. Extent of credit (%) received by the respondent in study area.

economical and social presented in Table-7. The average of social status and power were the factors affecting sustainability
all components indicated that issue of institutional support of beneficiaries for training.
(90%), input quality (87%) and disease (79%) were very
important technical factors for the respondent with training. CONCLUSION
Among the economic factors input availability (90%), market
On the light of findings it could be concluded that majority of
demand (87%) and price of input (87%) were considered
the trainees having average age of about 40 years with
important for the sustainability of beneficiaries. The
intermediate education having more number of animals as
consideration of social factors is very important for the adoption
compare to non training farmers having no education. The score
and sustainability of livestock activities. Price of products
for adoption rate is higher than the score for idea about the
(90%), natural disaster (84%) like flood, drought and heavy
concept for parameters of breeding, feeding, treatment, housing
rain and social conflict (81%) like sharing of grazing areas,
and marketing of livestock products among trainee farmers.

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 (549) RAWAT AND NARAIN

Table-7. Extent of credit (%) received by the respondent in study area.

Majority of respondents received only one time loan either ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

they receive training or not. It means the requirement of loan
is needed one time, if enterprises manage in better way.
Findings also strongly concluded that if a person having felt
needs and ready for action then he receive training, acquire
skill, manage loan and take action for convergence. It also
concluded that farmers having training exposure earned more
money than the farmers of having no training. It means training
is an important instrument for increasing family income and
changing livelihood. Hence, training should be imparted to all
the beneficiaries for higher adoption of livestock technology.
Farmers opined that some factors like lack of proper training,
lack of capital, lack of credit in time; small loan size and high
interest rate are the major constraints affecting sustainability
of livestock technology adoption. The non price factor such as
institutional support, input quality and availability of input affect
on sustainability of the dissemination and adoption of livestock
The authors acknowledge Dr S.C.Singh, S.M.S. horticulture
and K.V.K. Mahoba staff. We express our heartfelt gratitude
to all livestock farmers in the study villages and for devoting
their precious time in providing the required information and
take trainings.
REFERENCES
1. Saha, D. Akand, A. H. and Hai, A. (2010). Indian Res. J. Ext.
Edu. 10 (2).
2. Akteruzzaman, M., Miah, M. A. M., Hussein, M. M., Fattah K. A.
and Rahman R. (2008). J. Anim. Sci. 37(2): 106.
3. Sah, U. (1996). In: M. Sc. Thesis, NDRI, Karnal.
4. Fulzele, R.M., Chand, R., Mali, B.S. and Chauhan, J.P.S. (1995).
In: Staff Research Council Project Report, NDRI, Karnal.
5. Sharma and Preeti. (2003). Raj. J. of Ext. Edu. XI.
6. Murai, A.S. and Singh, B. K. (2011). Res. J. Ext. Edu. 11 (2).

technology. The training and support provided by KVK lead

the increase in total house hold income and ultimately
convergence occurs.

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