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Is 3087 2005 PDF
Is 3087 2005 PDF
Indian Standard
PARTICLE BOARDS OF WOOD AND OTHER
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS (MEDIUM
DENSITY) FOR GENERAL PURPOSES —
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
ICS 790.060.20
C BIS 2005
( Second Revision)
(CED 20)
existing:
(Page 3, clause 9.6) — Insert the following new clause at the end:
The formaldehyde content Fc, of the boards when tested in accordance with
11.11, shall meet the following limits:
(Page 4, clause 10.2.1) — Insert the following new clause at the end:
‘10.2.2 From each particle board selected, samples shall be drawn for
determination of formaldehyde content in accordance with 3.1 of IS 13745 and
test pieces conditioned for 6 days at 27 ± 2°C and 65 ± 5 % relative humidity.’
1
Amend No. 2 to IS 3087 : 2005
(Page 5, clause 11.10) — Insert the following new clause at the end:
IS No. Title
13745 : 1993 Method for determination of formaldehyde content in
particle board by extraction method called perforator method
(CED 20)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products Sectional Committee, CED 20
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard(Second Revision)was adoptedby the Bureauof IndianStandards,after the draft fmalized
by the Wood and OtherLignocellulosic ProductsSectionalCommittee had been approved' by the CivilEngineering
Division Council.
There are three categoriesof particle boards based on their density classification, namely, high density particle
board having specific gravity over 0.9 covered in IS 3478 : 1966 'Specificationfor particle boards of wood and
other lignocellulosic materials(high density) for generalpurposes', low density particle boards having specific
gravity not exceeding0.4 covered in IS 3129 : 1985 'Specificationfor low density particle boards and medium
density particle board' covered in this standard having specificgravity in the range of 0.5 to 0.9.
Medium density particle boards are used for partitions,for doors, in the furniture industry, etc. This standard
was first fonnulated in 1965 to provide guidancein the manufacture of medium density particle boards. Based
on the developmentin the particleboard industry, the first revisionwas undertakenin 1985. In the fIrSt revision
the types of particle boards had been redefmedand the requirements in respect of the physical and mechanical
characteristics had also been revised. Othersignificantchangesrelateto the inclusionof test for screwwithdrawal
strength and deletion of that for thennal conductivity and tensile strength.
This revisionhas been undertakento modifythe scopeand title of the specificationmakingprovisionfor the use
of other lignocellulosic materialsand to incorporate additional requirementof modulusof elasticity.In addition,
the dimensional requirements, their tolerancesand the modulusof rupture requirements have been redefined.
All organic building materialsare prone to decay, if they are used in damp and unventilated situations,without
adequate protective treatment. It is therefore,recommended that the guidance of the manufacturers should be
soughtwhen it is proposedto use the particleboards in conditionsconduciveto the growth of fungus or moulds.
as: 1982 'Methods of testing fungal resistance' provides means for assessingthe resistanceto fungal decay of
buildingmaterialsof, or containingmaterialsof organicorigin,and forjudging the efficiencyof such protective
treatment as may be applied to them.
A scheme of labelling environment friendly products to be known as ECO-Mark has been introduced at the
instance of the Ministry of Environmentand Forests (MEF), Governmentof India. The ECO-Mark shall be
administered by the Bureau of Indian Standards(BIS) under the BIS Act, 1986 as per the Resolution No. 71
dated21 February1991 andResolution No.425dated28 October1992publishedinthe Gazetteof the Government
of India. For a product to be eligible for ECO-Mark, it shall also carry the Standard Mark of the BIS besides
meetingadditionalenvironmentfriendlyrequirements. For this purpose,the StandardMark of BIS would be a
single mark being a combination of the lSI Mark and the Eco logo. Requirements to be satisfied for a product
to qualify for the BIS Standard Mark for Eco friendliness will be optional. Manufacturing units will be free to
opt for lSI Mark alone also.
The requirements pertainingto Eco criteriais based on the GazetteNotification No. 170 dated 18 May 1996 for
wood substitutesas environmentfriendlyproducts published in the Gazette of the Governmentof India.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard, is complied with, the tinal
value, observedor calculated,expressingthe resultof a test or analysis,shall be roundedoff in accordancewith
IS 2 : 1960'Rules for roundingoff numericalvalues (revised)'. The numberof significantplaces retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specifiedvalue in this standard.
IS 3087 : 200S
Indian Standard
PARTICLE BOARDS OF WOOD AND OTHER
LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS (MEDIUM
DENSITY) FOR GENERAL PURPOSES -
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE pressing in a parallel platen hot press of the usual
multidaylight type but may also be pressed in a
1.1 This standardcoversthe requirements of medium continuousband type of press. The applied pressure
density particle boards made of wood and/or other is perpendicular to the plane of the board.
lignocellulosic materialsfor generalpurposes,having
specific gravity in the range o.S to 0.9. 3.4 Formation (Forming) - Laying up of the glued
particlesin the fonn of a mat. ready to be pressed.
1.2 This standard does not cover veneered particle
boards, mouldedparticleboards,high and lowdensity 3.5 Graded Particle Board - A board formed by
particleboardsor particleboardsfacedby impregnated arranging the particles of wood and/or other
paper surfaces. lignocellulosic materialsin a graded manner such that
the smallestparticlesform the top most layer and the
2 REFERENCES largest particles form the middle layer. In graded
The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions particleboard there is a gradualdensity gradient from
which through reference in this text, constitute the outer surfacesto the centre of the board across its
provisionsof this standard. At the timeof publication, thickness.
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are 3.6 Multi-Layer Particle Board - A board made of
subjectto revision and partiesto agreements basedon more than three layers of like material in which
this standard are encouraged to investigate the particlesof differentshapes and sizes may be used in
possibilityof applying the most recent editionsof the different layers.
standards given in Annex A.
3.7 Particles - Distinctparticleor fractionof wood
3 TERMINOLOGY or otherlignocellulose materialproducedmechanically
3.0 For the purpose of this standard. the following for useas the aggregatefor a particleboard. This may
definitions shall apply and for definitions other be in the form of flake. granule, shaving, splinter and
than those given below. reference may be made to sliver as stated below:
IS 707. a) Flakes - Specially made thin flat particles,
with the grain of the wood essentially parallel
3.1 Additive - Any material introducedprior to the to the surface of the flake, prepared with the
final consolidation of a board to improve some cutting action of the knife in a plane parallel
property of the final board. Fillers and preservatives to the grain but at an angle to the axis of the
are included under this term. fibre.
3.1 Extruded Particle Board - A board b) Granule- A particlein whichthe length,width
manufactured by mixingparticlesof woodand/orother and thicknessare approximately equal, such as
lignocellulosic materials of pre-determined sizes and particle of saw-dust.
shapes with synthetic resins and pressing while the c) Shaving- A thin shce or strip of wood or any
mix is being forced through an extrusion hot platen other lignocellulosic pared off with a knife,
press, pressure being applied in the direction of the plane or other cutting instrument, the knife
length of extrusion which tends to orient the particles action being approximately along the axis of
considerably in a direction at right angles to the the fibre, such as the shavings produced in the
direction of extrusion. surface of wood.
~ ~ Flat-Pressed Particle Board - Resin-bonded d) Splinterand Sliver- Particle of nearly square
particle board manufactured by mixing particles of or rectangular cross-section with a length
wood and/or other lignocellulosic materials of pre- parallelto the grain of the wood of at least four
determinedsizes and shapes with syntheticresins and times the thickness.
IS 3087 : 2005
Extrusion pressed, tubular XPT A suitable preservative may be added to the particle
mixat the timeof mixingof adhesive. The following
The flat pressed-three layer, multilayer and graded percentages preservatives are regardedas suitable:
classshallbe of twotypes,namely, Grade I andGrade
II, the gradingisbasedon the physical andmechanical a) Sodium 1 percenton the basisof
properties as given in Table 1. pentachlorophenate oven dry weight of
particles, or
5 MATERIALS b) Trichlorophenol S percenton the basisof
5.1 Any speciesof woodand/orother lignocellulosic resin adhesive mix
materials may be.used in the manufacture of particle Alternatively, 2 percentof sodiumpentachlorophenate
board. ForECQ-Mark, onlyspecies fromsources other ortrichlorophenol inorganic solution shouldbe applied
thannaturalforestssuch as woodfromrubber,cashew, on the surfaceand edges.
industrial andsocialforestry plantations, etc,andshade
trees from tea and coffee estates, wood residues or 7 FINISH
agricultural/forest residues shall be used for the
The particleboardsshall be of uniform thickness and
manufacture of particleboards. uniform density throughout the length and width of
5.2 Adhesive the boards. All particle boards shall be flat. Both
surfaces of the particle board shall be sanded to a
Any suitable type of synthetic resin conforming smoothfmish.
IS 848 may be used for the purpose of bonding.
However, for flat-pressed..three layer,multilayer and 8 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
graded boards, BWRor BWP type adhesive shall be
8.1 The sizes of the particle boards shall be as
used.
2
IS 3087 : 2005
3
IS 3087 : 2005
the particle boards for taking test specimens. The samples and test specimens pass the conditions as
edge straightness and squarenes. of the boards prescribed in II.
shall also be measured.
10.3.1 In case of a failure, double samples shall be
The lot havingbeen foundsatisfactory shall be further taken from the lot for testing. The lot shall be
tested for physicalcharacteristics given in 9. For this considered to havepassed,if allthesesamplesconform
purpose, the particle boards examined according to the requirements specified.
to 10.2.1 and found satisfactory shall be used.
II TESTING OF SAMPLES
10.2.1 From each of the particle board selected,
following test specimens shall be cut from portions 11.1 The samplesand test specimensshall be tested
I SO mm away from the edges, for tests as specified as given in 11.3 to 11.10 and shall conform to the
under11. Themethodof preparation andconditioning requirements u prescribed in 9 and Table I.
of specimensfor tests listed in (c), (d), (e), (I) and (g) 11.2 Accuracy of Dimensionsof Boards
shall be as specified in IS 2380 (Part 1):
a) For determination of density - Three test The accuracy of dimensions of boards shall be
specimensfrom each sample, in full thickness measured as specified in IS 2380 (Part 2). All the
of material, 7S mm wide and 1SO mm long. samples selected in accordance with 10.1.2 shall be
Other sizes of sample specimens may be used measured for straightness of edges, squareness of
when deemed necessary. In case of tubular boards, length,width and thickness.
board,the tubesshouldbeuniformly distributed 11.3 Test for Density
in the center.
b) For determinationofmoisturecontent- Three
The mean density of the board shall be determined
test specimens from each sample in full in accordance with IS 2380 (Part 3), and shall
thicknessof material,7S mmwideand I SO mm comply with the requirements specified in 9.1 and
long. Smaller specimens may be used when Table 1. The mean density shall be straight average
deemed necessary. of the density of the test specimens taken out from
each of the sample as in 10.1. While calculatingthe
c) For water absorption test - Three test densityof the tubular board, the empty tubular space
specimens, size 300 mm x 300 mm )( full shallbedeductedfromthe volumeof thetestspecimen.
thicknessof board from each sample.
d) For swelling in water test - Three test 11.4 Test for Moisture Content
specimens, size 200 mm )( 100 mm )( full The moisture content of wood particle boards shall
thicknessof board from each sample. be tested for each specimen as prepared in 10.2.1 (b)
e) For determining swelling due to surface in accordance with the method prescribed in
absorption - Three test specimens from each IS 2380 (Part 3) and the average value for all the
sample,size 12S mm )( 100 mm. samplesshan complywith the requirements specified
t) For determination 01 modulus of rupture and in 9.2.
modulus of elasticity - Three test specimens 11.5 Test for Water Absorption
from each sampleto conformto dimensions as
specifiedin IS 2380 (Part 4). The water absorption in test specimens as prepared
g) For determination of tensile strength in 10.2.1 (c ) shall be tested in aceordanee with
perpendicular to surface - Three test IS 2380 (Part 16) and the average value shall not
specimens from each sample, size SO mm )( exceedthe limits specified in (ii) of Table 1.
SO mm x full thickness of board. In addition 11.6 Test for Swelling in Water
to this for Grade I boards, three more test
specimens shall be taken for cyclic or The swelling in length, width and thickness of test
accelerated water resistance test as given in specimens as specified in 10.2.1(d), when tested by
11.9.1. the method prescribed in IS 2380 (Part 17), for 2 h
h) For determination of screw withdrawal soakingshallhavean averagevaluenot exceedingthe
strength - Three test specimens from limits specifiedunder (iii) and (iv) QfTable I. The
each sample of size as specified in IS 2380 lengthof specimen in caseofFPT boardsshaU betaken
(Part 14). as in the line extrusion.
10.3 Criteria for Conformity 11.7 Test for Swellinl Due to Surface Absorption
A lot shall be considered as conforming to the The swelling in thickness due to surface absorption
requirements of the specification, if no group of test on test specimeliS as specifiedin lO.2.I(e),whentested
specimens for any of the characteristics fail, the in accordance with IS 2380 (part 17), for 2 h soaking
4
IS 3087 : 200S
shall have an average value not exceeding the limits State PollutionControlBoard as per the provisionsof
given under (v) of Table 1. the Water (Prevention and Control 01 Pollution)
Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control 01
11.8 Test for Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and
Elasticity Control 01 Pollution) Act, 1977 along with the
The modulus of rupture and modulusof elasticityon authorization, if required under the Environment
test specimens specified in 10.2.1(t) and tested as (Protection)Act, 1986while applying for ECO-Mark
prescribed in IS 2380 (part 4) shall have an average appropriate with enforced Rules and Regulations of
and minimum value not less than the valuesspecified forest department.
in (vi) and (vii) of Table 1, for modulusof ruptureand 12.2 SpeciOc Requirements
modulus of elasticity, respectively.
The particle board shall conform to the specific
11.9 Test for Tensile Strength Perpendicular to requirements given for ECO-Mark under relevant
Surface clausesof the standard.
Tensile strength perpendicularto the surface of three NOTE - The manufacturer shall provide documentary
test specimensas prescribedin 10.2.1(g), whentested evidence bywayofcertificate ordeclaration to Bureau oflndian
in accordance with IS 2380 (Part 5) shall have an Standards, whileapplyingforECO-Mark.
averagevalue not lessthan the valuespecifiedin (viii) 13 MARKING
of Table 1.
13.1 Each particleboard shall be legiblymarked near
11.9.1 The tensile strength perpendicularto surface any of its edges with the following:
of three test specimensprescribed in 10.2.1 (g) when
subjected to (a) cyclic test, or (b) accelerated water a) Nameof the manufacturer or trade-mark,ifany;
resistancetest as given in Table I shallhavean average b) Designation of particle board (see 4);
value not less than that specified in (ix) of Table I.
c) Thickness (see 8.2);
11.10 Test for Screw Withdrawal Strength
d) Date of manufacture; and
The screw withdrawal resistanceof test specimensas
specified in 10.2.1 (h) and tested in accordancewith e) The criteria for which the particle board has
IS 2380 (Part 14) shall have an average value not less been labelledas ECO-Mark.
than the value specified in (x) of Table 1. 13.2 DIS CertiOcation Marking
12 OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ECO- Each particle board may also be marked with the
MARK StandardMark.
12.1 General Requirements 13.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed
by the provisions of the Bureau 01 Indian Standards
12.1.1 The particle board shall conform to the
Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made
requirementsof quality and performanceas specified
thereunder. The details of conditions under which a
in this standard.
licencefortheuseof theStandardMarkmaybe granted
12.1.2 The manufacturer shall produce to BIS to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from
environmentalconsent clearance from the concerned the Bureauof Indian Standards.
s
IS 3087: 2005
..
(Claula 4,9.3,9.4,9.5, 11.1, 11.3'cmd11.5 to 11.10)
sa
No.
' ......... ,.....
Plat flat .......
n ....La,er
M.ad-La,er
Its......
,relied
SolIdI
Ex""'.
.......
T........
La,er ... GrHed (XPS) (XPI")
r
Ondel
A
GrldeU
,
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
i) Density vlrildon, pen:ent ~IO ~10 :6:10 =':10 =':10
iI) Wilei'absorption, percent
a) 2hsolk ina 25 10 40 40 40
b) 24 hsoaklna 50 20 80 80 80
iii) Linearexpansion(swclllni in WIler),
2 h souina, percent
.) Lenath 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 2
b) Width 0.5 • 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
iv) Thickness swclllna.percent, 10 8 12
2hsoakina
v) Swelllni in thicknessdue to surface 9 6 9 4 4
absorption, percent
vi) Modulusof rupture,N/mm2
.) Ave....e II 15 11 2
ix) . Tensilestrenathperpendicul... to
surface, N/mm2
.) Aftercyclictest I) 0.2
b) Accelerated waterresistance test 2) 0.15
x) Screwwithdrawal strcnath,N
.) Face 1250 1250 1250
b) Edle (forthickness> 12mm) 850 850 700
I)
Cyclic lUI - Specimens lie immersed in waterat 27 =': r C for a periodof 72 h, followed by dryina in air at 27 =': 2°C for
24 h andthenheatinain dry air at 700cfor72 h. Three suchcycleslie to be followed, andthenthe specimen aretestedfor
tensilestrcnathperpendicular to surface.
2)
Acc,leraled wal,,. ,,,LslaftCl III' - Specimens are immersed in waterat 27 =': 2-<: andwateris broupt to boUina and
kept at boUinatemperature for 2 h. Specimens are then cooled in water to 27 J: rc and thentested for tensile strenath
perpendicular to surface.
6
IS 3087 : 2005
ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS
ANNEXB
(Clause 9.6)
STORAGE AND WORKING OF WOOD PARTICLE BOARDS
7
IS 3087 : 2005
For sawing, high speed steel saws or carbide-tipped 8-8 APPLICATION OF PLASTIC LAMINATES
saws are recommended.
Most resin glues and contact adhesives are suitable
8-5 DRILLING for bonding plastic laminates to particle board,
provided manufacturer's instructions are fully adhered
Drilling shall be effected by using standard bench, to. Casein glues are not suitable.
portable or pillar drilling machines. The conventional
hand drill shall be used but the drill edge should be- 8-9 JOINERY WORK
always kept sharp. The use of drills having an helix
angle between 20° and 32° is recommended. Drills 8-9.1 Particle board is a composite board panel and
shall be kept free from swarfduring drilling by backing cutting asymmetrically for any joinery is not
out. When particularly clean cuts are required, spur recommended, unless the composite joint is again
type drills will give best results. symmertrical. In case of three-layer boards and
veneered particle boards, the strength of the board is
8-6 ROUTING AND MOULDING made up of all the layers and balanced. Therefore,
where joints are to be effected, cutting shall be done
B-6.1 Tungsten carbide-tipped cutters are
keeping a symmetry about the centre. Edge-joining
recommended for long production runs. High speed
by tongue and groove method is possible if a separate
steel cutters will produce good finishes but edge life
tongue of wood is provided. But joint shall be done
between sharpening is limited. As in the case of
with a backing strip of wood or metal or other metal
sawing, moderate feed speeds shall be used.
fixtures like I-sections, corrugated pins or other
8-6.2 Recommended spindle speeds for routers and connectors. Lap joint or level joint shall be done with
spindle moulders are given below: the use of an adhesive. for holding tacks and
screws, but the joints shall be symmetrical about the .
SpindleSpeeds, in rev/min for centre. Mortise and tenon joints shall not be used for
,- .A. ---..
the ends. However, the surface may be cut through
r Routers Spindl~ and end to surface joints are possible. For edge to
Moulders edge joining, dove-tail joint, finger joint, lap joint,
mitre joint, etc, are all possible, provided the composite
Tungsten 18 000 to 24 000 9 000 to 12 000 nature of the joint is kept symmetrical. Cutting for
carbide-tipped joints shall be with sharp tools and machine-cutting
tools shall be only with high-speed machines. The joints
High speed 13 000 4 SOO to 6 000 may be fixed by conventional carpenter's glues
steel combined with holding tacks, pins, rivets, screws or
nails.
B-7 SANDING
8-9.2 Veneered type of particle boards require
B-7.1 Sanding operations shall be carried out in the particular care to see that the composite nature of the
same manner as with natural timber. It should be boards is preserved. If one surface of the board is to
remembered that there is no grain direction in carrying be cut, it should be so done that the assembled
out this operation. components again develop symmetry around the
8-7.2 Drum Sanden central axis.
8
IS 3087 : 2005
8-10.2 Dipping the nails or the screws in ordinary should be followed implicitly. Casein glues are not
carpentry gluebeforedJ. lingwillincrease theholding recommended.
strength. It is alwaysadvisable to edge largerpanels,
whereused, asdoorswithwoodedgestripssincethey 8-13 PAINTING, VARNISHING, POLISHING
are liableto constantmovement and vibration which AND PRINTING
loosen the screws. 8-13.1 Particle boards may be painted, varnished or
8-11 LIPPING AND BEADING polished by the conventional methods. However,
proper preparation of the surface and filling is
Lipping and beadingof wood particle board shall be necessary. The filler, only sufficient to till the grain,
done by the conventional method eitherwitha veneer shall be appliedwith broadknife or scraper, pressing
or with wood moulding or plasticmoulding. Use of wellintothe poresof the board. On carefully rubbing
carpenter's glue and conventional holding tacks or down and thoroughly drying, a perfect surface for
nails or screws are recommended. Metalbeading, if decorating will be obtained. Dusting, sealing,staining
required, shallbe donewitha suitable gluewhichwill and filling operations are similar to those used in
hold metal to wood. conventional woodwork. Whentreatingboth surfaces
of the panels in an exposed position, the treatment
8-12 GLUING
shall be done simultaneously on both sides. It is
8-12.1 The bestresultsare obtained withglue having recommended that the edgesof the boardsare heavily
a low moisture content. These include, urea sealed before painting. Normally, the edges of the
formaldehyde, phenolic type glues, PVA, resourcinal boardsare coveredby lipping.
andspirit-based contactadhesives. Animal gluesmay
be used satisfactorily, but it is essential that a thick B-13.2 Particle boards may be veneered with
mix is preparedand used hot. commercial or decorative veneer by use of any
glue mentioned in 8-12.1, and with conventional
B-12.1.1 In all cases,the manufacturer's instructions methods.
9
Bureau or Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau a/Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardiation, marking and quality certification of loods and
attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any fonn
withoutthe prior pennission in writingof BIS.Thisdoesnot preclude the free use, in the courseof implementing
the standard,of necessary details,such as symbolsand sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiriesrelating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), 81S.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issuedto standardsas the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standardalong with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicatesthat no changes are
needed; if the review indicatesthat changesare needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
shouldascertainthat they are in possession of the latestamendments or editionby referringto the latestissueof
'BIS Catalogue' and 'Standards:MonthlyAdditions'.
This Indian Standardhas been developed from Doc: No. CED 20 (7252).