Professional Documents
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Vol.03,Issue.10
May-2014,
Pages:2200-2004
www.semargroup.org,
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Design and Stress Distribution of First Stage Gas Turbine Rotor Blade
M. WIN LAI HTWE1, DR. HTAY HTAY WIN2
1
Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar, Email:winlaihtwe21@gmail.com.
2
Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar.
Abstract: Gas turbines have an important role in power generation and propulsion unit. Gas turbine technology is used in a
variety of configurations for electric power generation. The gas turbine in its most common from is a rotary heat engine
operating by means of series of processes consisting of air taken from the atmosphere increase of gas temperature by constant
pressure combustion of the fuel the whole process being continuous. Turbine Blades are the most important components in a
gas turbine power plant. A blade can be defined as the medium of transfer of energy from the gases to the turbine rotor. The
turbine blades are mainly affected due to static loads. Also the temperature has significant effect on the blades. In this paper the
first stage rotor blade of the gas turbine is created in SolidWorks software and design calculation is computed by MATLAB
software. The material of the blade is NI-CR alloys. The gas forces namely tangential, axial were determined by constructing
velocity triangles at inlet and exist of rotor blades. The stress distribution due to the flow of gases and the impact of flow gases
are considered. The gas turbine rotor blade was performed to determine the regions of maximum stress and moment which
occur on a typical gas turbine engine at variable rotational speeds. The results document the effect of velocities, pressure,
temperatures and Mach numbers etc. on the blade profile and the distribution of stresses.
IV. MODELLING
With the dimensional parameters of the gas turbine rotor
blade is modeled using the SolidWorks software. Existing
data of the turbine first stage rotor blade is shown in table 2.
Figure 3 shows a conventional blade profile constructed from
circular arcs and straight lines. Gas turbines have until
recently used profiles closely resembling this, although
Fig1. Indicator diagram of gas turbine. specified by aerofoil terminology. In this paper, the T6 base
profile which is symmetrical about the center line. It has a
Figure 2 shows the construction of turbine rotor blades thickness /chord ratio (t/c) of 0.2, a leading edge radius of
and their components. Knowing the fluid conditions at exit of 12%t and a trailing edge radius of 6%t. When scaled up to a
the gas generators, a value of static pressure was assumed at t/c of 0.2 and used in conjunction with a parabolic camber
the turbine outlet. From this, the corresponding enthalpy drop line having the point of maximum camber a distance of about
required in the power turbine was calculated. The limitation 40% chord from the leading edge, the T6 profile leads to a
in fixing the velocity triangles come from the peripheral blade section similar to that shown but with a trailing edge.
speed of rotor and flow velocities. It is preferable to keep the TABLE II: Existing Data for First Stage Gas Turbine
both in reasonable range so as to minimize the losses. After Rotor Blade
the primary fixing of velocity triangles between the axial Rotational speed (rpm) 5100
gaps of the turbine blade rows, the blade profile is selected. Mass flow rate (kg/sec) 112.8889
In blade section there are two approaches, the direct and Blade inlet temperature (K) 2073
indirect approach. The blade profile selected should yield the Blade outlet temperature (K) 1803.8
flow angle required to give the desirable enthalpy drop. Also Degree of reaction 0.5
the pressure distribution at the end of stage should be Flow coefficient 0.8
uniform. If it is not so the blade angles are changed to match Temperature drop coefficient 4.3
these requirements. Blade tip radius (m) 1.3716
Blade mean radius (m) 1.2848
Blade root radius (m) 1.1980
Blade height (m) 0.0868
Mach number at the mean 0.4082
Fig4. Turbine 1st stage rotor blade profile (at root radius).
Fig8. Inlet and outlet velocities triangle for the first stage
rotor blade.
Ft1 total m Ca 2 Ca 3 (1)
Tangential force on each rotor blade,
Fig5. Turbine 1st stage rotor blade profile (at mean Ft1 Ft1 total n R1
radius). (2)
Total axial force,
Fa1 total m Cw2 C w3 (3)
Axial force on each rotor blade,
Fa1 Fa1 total n R1
(4)
110
0.0695 1.3674
100
0.0927 1.3530
90
0.1159 1.3346
80
70
0.1391 1.3120
60 0.1622 1.2854
50
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.1854 1.2546
Ratio of rotor blade tip area and root area
Fig10. Relation of rotor blade area changes from root to 0.2086 1.2198
tip and centrifugal stress. 0.2318 1.1808
Figure 9 shows the relation of various rotor disc radius VIII. REFERENCES
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